ABAQUS-FEAII Lec1

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things
Finite Element Analysis II Todays Lecturer: Johan Clausen Department of Civil Engineering Email: jc@civil.aau.dk
Finite Element Analysis II

Lectures: Jesper Winther Strdahl and Johan Clausen The finite element method for structural and solid mechanics Derivation for stiffness matrices for different elements Programming of beam and membrane elements (skiveelementer in Danish) (Re-?) introduction to Abaqus: Meshing and modelling techniques As usual course information can be found on \\files.civil.aau.dk\i5jcc\public_html\7sem_finite_element\Finite_element_v2.htm. The webpage is currently under revision. An e-mail will be sent to you in the event of a change to the webpage that affects the downloadable items (slides, programs) or the information regarding the material you have to read before each lecture.
Todays lecture: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling of a simple structure in Abaqus Meshing Element types The meshs significance on the stress field How to model plasticity and other non-linear phenomena 3D meshing
Abaqus
A general purpose commercial finite element code Can model many types of problems linear and non-linear Structural, heat, flow, conduction, magnetism, dynamic.... The users own materials, elements, etc. can be programmed into Abaqus Conclusion: VERY versatile and market leader in advanced FE-analysis (mostly in academia) Drawback 1: Somewhat harder to learn to use compared to other commercial FE-programs Drawback 2: Commercial licenses are very expensive (Cowi has one license in Denmark)
Plane element types

Rods and beams (Danish: stnger og bjlker)
Triangular and quadrilateral membrane elements (Danish: skiveelementer)
Three-dimensional element types

Three-dimensional rods and beams
Plate elements
Combined plate and membrane element
Three-dimensional solid (tetrahedral, hexahedral, wedge)
And many more...
Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements

The material is steel with E = 0.21 106 MPa and = 0.3
Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 1

Start Abaqus and click Create Model Database

Double click Part and fill out the dialogue box Click continue when the box is filled out

Click the Create lines connected button The lines can be drawn by mouse clicks or by typing in the coordinates as shown Sketch the part by typing the coordinates given in slide 7 The window can be adapted to the object any time by clicking Auto Fit View. When finished click the Create lines connected button again and click done-
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The part SteelThing can be seen in the model tree by clicking the expansion +
The options under SteelThing can be seen by expanding the model tree
Go into the mesh-mode by double-clicking mesh (Empty)
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The Mesh menu buttons (only some are explained) Mesh controls. Controls the Mesh seeds: Specification of mesh nodes on the boundaries. Is mathematical algorithm used to divide the structure into triangles and quadrilaterals
used to control mesh density.
Create an element mesh
Specify the element type. For example: Structural or heat conduction. Linear or 2nd degree shape functions. Integration point rule (Gauss order)
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Open the menu in the seed button by pressing the lower right corner of the button The different buttons are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Seed part: Used for seeding the entire part Seed Edge by Number: Give the number of elements on a specific edge Seed Edge by Size: Set the element size on an edge Seed Edge biased: The distance between the nodes change over the edge The last two buttons are for deleting seeds 1 2 3 4 5
Click Seed Edge by Number (2)
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Select the edges and set the appropriate number as shown 2 elements
2 elements 1 element
Type the number here
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Press assign mesh controls Select the options as shown in the dialogue box Click ok
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Press Assign element type Select the options as shown in the dialogue box. Remenber to untick the Reduced integration check box Press OK
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Press Mesh Part Press yes under the drawing area You should now see the depicted mesh
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Double click on the Materials flag in the model tree Enter the name Steel in the Name field Under Mechanical, select Elasticity and Elastic
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Fill in the properties fields and press ok
Important: Abaqus does not check units in any way! As the dimensions of our model was entered in mm the all stress terms (e.g. E and loads) must be entered in MPa to be dimensionally consistent. If we had entered the dimensions in m the stress terms should have been in Pa. If in doubt, always use the basic SI-units, then you never go wrong. (i.e. length in m, force in N, stress in Pa, and so on)
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Double click the Sections flag in the model tree Type in the name in the dialogue box Select settings as shown and press continue In the Edit Section dialogue select steel as the material and press OK
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Double click the Sections Assignment flag in the model tree (in the SteelThing expanded menu) Select the part in the drawing window and click Done
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Assign the SteelSection and click ok
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Expand the Assembly flag in the model tree and double click in Instances Select the SteelThing part and click ok
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Expand the Steps flag in the model tree. You can now see that there is only one step defined, Initial Double click on Steps Fill in the dialogue box as shown Click continue
You have now created the step in which the load is
applied. The initial step is always present and is always the

first step.
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Fill in the dialogue box as shown and press OK
If, later on, you are going to include large displacements in you calculations, this is where you do it, by setting Nlgeom to on Also, if you are to perform nonlinear analyses you should enter the Incrementation flag and change the settings found here
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Double click on the Loads flag in the model tree Fill in the dialogue box as shown and press Continue.
Note that we select a Pressure load and not a line load. The line load is used for beam elements Note that the load is applied in the LoadStep step and not in the Inititial step.
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Select the top edge of the structure and press Done Fill in the dialogue box as shown and press OK
Note that pressure is given as a negative number. This is due to the fact that a positive pressure always acts towards the surface on which it is applied.
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An array of arrows representing the pressure load can now be seen
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Double click on the BC flag on the model tree (BC is an abreviation of Boundary Conditions) Select Displacement/Rotation and fill in the dialogue box as shown. Click Continue.
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Select the lower edge and press Done
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As the edge is free to move in the horizontal (x) direction but supported in the vertical (y) directon only tick the box U2 Press OK
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Expand the BCs flag. the Vertical support condition should now be visible Double click on the BCs flag once more to create the horizontal support Fill in the dialogue box as shown and press Continue.
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Select the lower left corner of the structure and press Done
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Constrain the corner in the horizontal direction and press OK
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Double click on the Jobs flag to create a calculation job Fill in the dialogue box as shown Click Continue
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If you like you can fill in a description Then click OK
By expanding the Job flag you should now see your job
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To submit a job for calculation right click on the job name Choose Submit If a dialogue box appears, click OK Your job is now being calculated
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You can now see that your job is running To monitor you job while running right click on the job name and select Monitor A dialogue box appears where you can monitor your job. You can close the box by pressing Dismiss
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To go to the post-processing unit to see the results right click on the job name Select Results
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Press the Plot contours on deformed shape button This will show the von Mises Stress contours on the deformed structure. To view other stresses select the field Output option in the main tool bar. Here you can select the result that you want to plot.
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To find out the node number and its displacement click the Tool- drop down menu Select Query In the Query dialogue box select Node Click on the node on the inside corner (denoted A on slide 7) You can now see the node number and the nodal displacement Note the node number Repeat with node B on slide 7 and note the displacement. You will need it for comparison later.
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To find out the exact stress value of a point select Query in menu Tools Select Probe values in the dialogue box
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Tick the boxes as shown and move the cursor to where you want to see the von Mises stress Note the values of the stress at point A from slide no. 7 (the indside corner). You will need this value later in the lecture. Here you need the node number that you noted earlier, in order to know which of the displayed stress values belongs to the corner node.
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Different meshing techniques

Demonstrated by lecturer Exercise: Try to mesh the structure with different mesh techniques and different elements (triangular, quadrilateral, linear shape functions, 2nd degree shape functions). For each mesh note the von Mises stress of point A and the displacement of point B. Do they differ in each case?
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Non-linear analyses
von Mises plasticity Large displacements
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Analysis of a shell structure

The load is a uniform pressure load The holes are centrally placed circles with a radius of 10 mm The shell thickness is 2 mm
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Use of symmetry
We make use of symmetry to reduce the number of elements
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Thank you for your attention
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Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Finite Element Analysis II

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Todays lecture: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Plane element types

Triangular and quadrilateral membrane elements (Danish: skiveelementer)

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Three-dimensional element types

Combined plate and membrane element

Three-dimensional solid (tetrahedral, hexahedral, wedge)

And many more...

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 1

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 2

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 3

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 4

Go into the mesh-mode by double-clicking mesh (Empty)

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 5

used to control mesh density.

Create an element mesh

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 6

Click Seed Edge by Number (2)

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 7

Type the number here

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 8

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 9

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 10

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 11

Finite Element Analysis II

Lecture 1: Abaqus, meshing and other things

Modelling a simple plane structure with membrane elements Step 12

Finite Element Analysis II