Possible Earth Events

Introduction
On December 21, 2012, there is an alignment between Earth and our entire solar system align with the galactic and celestial equators. On that same day, virtually every form of ancient prophecy from the Hoppi, Bible, Mayan, etc. speak of either a total annihilation of Earth, cataclysmic events, pole shift, or a major change in lifestyle and consciousness that has never been experienced on Earth before. For a greater explanation of the alignment between the galactic and celestial equators and the potential impact on Earth, the Sun, and our entire solar system. In this document, we will attempt to collate, correlate, and summarize a variety of scientific, geological, and ancient data related to past geophysical events and the potential of further events in our near future. The overall picture created by this analysis is not pleasant, however, this is meant to promote contemplation and discussions about the possibility and probability of these events occurring. This is not meant to be absolute concrete proof these events will occur in our lifetime or ever. The graph of ice core data from the Antarctic shows that ice ages occur approximately every 100,000 years apart like clockwork. At this moment (far left side of graph), Earth is at a point that suggests we will be entering a new ice age at any moment in time. We asked what controls this pattern? Add to this data, tales from virtually every culture of great floods that destroyed entire civilizations. Why are there cities submerged under every ocean on the planet. When did this happen? There are over 200 cities under the Mediterranean Sea alone. Then you have the repetitive patterns of land masses being submerged under the ocean only to have these same land masses re-emerge from that ocean at some other point in history. Through science and observation, were now witnessing a new level of potential activity and real geophysical events across our planet. Scientists have proven that Earths magnet poles do flip 180 degrees in whats called a pole shift. There are theories as to the frequency of such shifts which range anywhere from 23,000 years to almost 800,000 years. Since a flip in magnetic poles can only occur if Earth spins in the opposite direction, this means that Earth has reversed its rotation in the past. Add to this that ancient Egyptian, Chinese, and South American cultures describe multiple times in their history where the Sun did not rise or set for a period of 3 days, and when the Sun did rise again, it rose on the opposite horizon. Ancient cultures describe a time when the astronomical constellation passed directly around Earth on the equator. The constellations currently cross Earth's equator at an angle of about 23 degrees. From this we can conclude that the geographic poles have shifted 23 degrees from when those ancient cultures recorded their observations. Across the planet, were observing an increase in earthquakes (both large and small) even in locations where they are rarely experienced. These same earthquakes are causing a new wave of tsunamis that plague shoreline communities. Add to this that ocean tides and currents are becoming more extreme and unpredictable.

Volcanic activity is also increasing globally. In fact, many volcanoes that have been dormant for thousands of years are suddenly pouring out hot gases and ash into the atmosphere. We have new volcanoes emerging from several oceans, creating new islands and land masses. Some of these land masses are in locations where ancient cultures describe the prior existence of entire continents. Add to this that several volcanoes are past due for a major eruption on geological scales. The eco-systems around these volcanoes are rapidly dying off as the water and air are becoming hypertoxic to all life. Just one such eruption could send Earth into a nuclear winter and a new ice age. Scientists have proven the Sun is going through changes today that they have never witnessed before. In October 2008, NASA scientists warned that the heliosphere, the protective shield of energy that surrounds our solar system, has weakened by 25 per cent over the past decade and is now at it lowest level since the space race began 50 years ago. Scientists are baffled at what could be causing this protective barrier to shrink in this way. If the heliosphere continues to weaken, scientists fear that the amount of cosmic radiation reaching the inner parts of our solar system, including Earth, will increase. This could result in growing levels of disruption to electrical equipment, damage satellites and potentially even harm life on Earth. There is a very high energy galactic radiation that is dangerous to living things. Around 90 per cent of the galactic cosmic radiation is deflected by our heliosphere, so the boundary protects us from this harsh galactic environment. Without the heliosphere the harmful intergalactic cosmic radiation would make life on Earth almost impossible by destroying DNA and making the climate uninhabitable. NASA, NOAA, and ESA are predicting that Solar Cycle 24, which just started, could be up to 50% stronger than its 'record breaking' predecessor Cycle 23 which produced the largest solar flare ever recorded. The Sun will reach its 'apex' (maximum potential of this solar cycle) in late 2011 into 2012 and 2013. Ancient civilizations often refer or represent the Sun as their supreme deity who provides sustenance and dispenses destruction. Is it possible that these are literal terms and not just figurative? Ancient records describe times of extreme heat on the planet Earth. They refer to periods when the Sun became so hot that virtually everything burned and the only people who survived where either in caves or stone temples. There is geological proof that mountain ranges across the world have risen or fallen 3,000 to 8,000 metres in a single event some 11,500 years ago. The research and conclusions for this proof can be found in a book called "CATACLYSM!: Compelling Evidence of a Cosmic Catastrophe in 9500 B.C.", written by D.S. Allen & J.B. Delair. According to these authors, during this same event, virtually all life on Earth was irradiated in what can only be described as a cataclysmic event. Today, ancient references to such events are often written off as myth and legend by the scientific community, but when combined with prophecy and other scientific data, they draw completely new and plausible conclusions. We have concluded that some, many, or all of the geophysical events listed at the top of this page could occur instantaneously as we approach December 21, 2012.

Pole Shift (magnetic)

A shift in magnetic poles is one of the more common and accepted theories across the world, however, this is not to be confused with those that speak of a geographic pole shift. Even though these events can occur at the same time, they actually have quite different affects on Earth. Because of this, we will address these events separately as a magnetic pole shift and a geographic pole shift. Scientists have now concluded that Earths magnet poles do flip 180 degrees in whats commonly called a pole shift. There are many theories as to the frequency of the shifts in magnetic poles which range anywhere from 10,000 years to almost 800,000 years. Research into these magnetic reversal events has come through analysis and measurement of the magnetic fields of rock that are located on the surface and within Earth's crust. Their measurements show that the magnetic field of some rock are exactly the opposite of the current magnetic poles. By carbon dating these rocks, scientists have attempted to determine when the last magnetic pole shift may have occurred. The commonly accepted theory is that Earth's electromagnetic field, as well as the magnetic North and South Poles are created from either the spinning of Earth's core or the mantle (hot molten lava) under Earth's crust. This means that the direction and speed of the spinning magma are directly responsible for the position of the North and South Poles, as well as the strength of Earth's electromagnetic field. This also means that a magnetic pole flip requires the magnetic field of Earth to become opposite in relationship to the Earth's crust. In other words, either the magnetic poles move 180 degrees while Earth's crust remains in the same position or Earth's crust moves 180 degrees while the magnetic poles remain in the same position. One of these two events must have occurred in order to support the evidence of a magnetic pole shift in Earth's past history. Since the magnetic poles are created by the spinning magma under Earth's crust, in order to measure a reversal of magnetic poles in Earth's crust, the magma must spin in the opposite direction in relation to the crust. There are two theories to consider how the magma-crust magnetic relationship might reverse. Both methods are based on the Earth Crust Displacement Theory of the late history professor Charles H. Hapgood. According to Hapgood's theory, Earth's crust acts like a solid disk that can slide over the more liquid characteristics of the mantle (hot molten lava) under the crust. Although we consider Earth's crust to be an unmovable solid mass, in reality the crust is a rigid mass that is floating over the top of the more viscus magma under the crust. In order for Hapgood's theory to be part of a magnetic pole shift event, one of two events must occur. First, Earth's crust slides over the mantle until it re-stabilizes after moving 180 degrees from its current position. This would basically flip the geographic positions of the Arctic and Antarctic while the mantle under the crust maintained it's current rotation. Second, Earth's crust remains stationary while the mantle slides underneath it and then re-stabilizes after moving 180 degrees from its current position. This would mean the geographic positions of continents would remain the same, however the spinning magma would have flipped over and now rotate in the opposite direction. It's important to note that in either case of Earth Crust Displacement, reversing Earth's magnetic field means that the magma would be spinning in the opposite direction in relationship to Earth's crust. Since the direction of rotation in Earth's crust is directly related to the direction of spinning magma, this also means the crust would have to reverse its direction of rotation to realign with the direction of spinning magma. In other words, Earth's crust would need to reverse rotation from East-West to West-East. Therefore, if a magnetic pole shift were to occur rapidly, then Earth's crust would also reverse rotational directions rapidly. The result would be massive displacement of Earth's crust and oceans. Any sudden movement in Earths rotation will result in the oceans moving in the opposite directions until the oceans reach a new equilibrium. If Earth's crust reverses rotation from the west/east direction to the west/east

direction, this would result in a wall of water moving towards every western shoreline on the planet. People standing on the surface of Earth dont feel it and often dont even realize that Earth's rotation means the surface, and everything on it, is moving constantly. Earths circumference at the equator is approximately 40,000km and makes one full rotation in every 24 hours. This means that the surface of Earth is in constant motion and travelling at an average ground speed of approximately 1,667 km/hr at the equator. Of course these ground speeds are reduced significantly as you move away from the equator. When you imagine Earths crust slowing down abruptly and eventually coming to a stop, you can begin to see the potential for a disaster of cataclysmic proportions. Ancient cultures describe a period of three days where the Sun does not rise or set. This could mean the process of Earth's crust slowing down and reversing direction. Even if the slowdown is somewhat gradual, there is still the pure physics of so much mass in motion. Have you ever seen anything travelling at 1,667 km/hr slow down quickly? Probably not since most man-made objects cant travel that fast. Even the speed of sound is only about 1,230 km/hr (761 mi/hr). In other words, this would be even more dramatic than trying to quickly slow down a jet travelling at Mach1. This centrifugal force created by this rotation produce an equilibrium or balance between the borders of water and land. In other words, the oceans are being held in position by the gravitational and centrifugal created by Earths rotation. From the above explanation, one can begin to realize how a 180 degree magnetic pole shift would result in Earth's crust actually stopping rotation and then reversing direction. Although this has been referenced in ancient literature, it is an event that few can imagine and one which most scientists would claim is impossible. However, if it does occur, this means the centrifugal force on the surface of Earth will go from 1670 kph to zero and then back up to 1670 kph in the opposite direction. Earth currently rotates west to east which means that the ocean is being naturally pulled, by centrifugal forces, towards every east coastline and away from every west coastline. If Earth's crust were simply to stop rotation, the oceans would immediately inundate every western coastal area and would create new coastlines several hundred kilometres inland from their current positions. And yes, the tsunami from that event alone would be cataclysmic and of biblical proportions. If the Earth Crust Displacement Theory is correct, then Earth's crust would stop rotation and then start rotating in the opposite direction or in the east to west direction. This would cause the oceans to move further inland on the western shores and create new coastlines which are even further inland again. Both the stopping and reversing actions will create massive tsunamis as they move inland on all western coastlines. This theory also explains why the Western U.S. and Western Europe are mostly under water on the future world maps. This also provides a very scientific understanding of why the Western U.S. has been under the ocean several times, why there is a great salt lake nearly 1000 km from the current west coast of the U.S., and how the Grand Canyon has been created. From this data, it can easily be seen that the deluge and flooding of ancient literature and of the Western U.S. could be explained simply by the reversal in rotation of Earths crust. This explanation does not even consider any upward or downward movement in the Earths crust due to the buckling of the crust in such an abrupt movement. Yet, there is also proof that such buckling of Earths crust has occurred as recently as 13,000 yrs ago. The affects on Earth from such an event would be nothing less than cataclysmic. If the Earth's crust reverses rotation, the forces on the crust would be equal to the friction and rotational momentum of the semi liquid mantle underneath the crust. The braking system for such an event would be a combination of the friction between the crust and mantle along with the buckling of the crust upon itself much like the folding action of an accordion. The motion of the crust would eventually slowing down, stop, and start moving in opposite direction. If there is any good news to such an event, it would be that the initial cataclysmic affects in the crust would probably only occur while the crust movement decelerated.

Now imagine what would happen to Earths crust during such an event. This gives a new meaning to the words continental drift. It gives credence to the geological proof that mountain ranges across the world have risen or fallen 3,000 to 8,000 metres in a single event. It provides a theory as to why virtually all life on Earth was eradicated during a past cataclysmic event. This could explain the movement of erratics (house sized boulders) around the world, the 30 metre cliffs along many coastlines, and angular sediment layers that dont conform to accepted geological theories. This could also explain why there are sea shells on the top of mountains and cities under the oceans. Now imagine that you are a human on the surface of Earth when such an event occurs. There you are standing outside and looking up at the sky thinking oh, what a glorious day. Then all of the sudden, the ground starts moving. Maybe it starts slowly, but either way, you can not keep your footing or run to a safe location. Pretty soon, the ground under your feet is moving faster until your feet are no longer even touching the ground. Instead you are either being tossed across the ground like tumbleweed or pinned against some physical object while being crushed by objects flying through the air or by the pure force of air pressing against your body. The conventional dogma is that, during such an event, there would be less gravity causing people, animals, and objects to float off the planet. However, based on the above description of the Earth Crust Displacement Theory, it becomes evident that spinning magma under the crust continues to spin and thereby maintaining Earth's gravitational field. Another fact is that people from ancient cultures witnessed these events and lived and remained on Earth to tell about it. If they would have witnessed everything floating off the surface of Earth including: people, animals, trees, rocks, water, etc. they probably would have mentioned it. Many people are already aware that scientists have been tracking the movement of the magnetic poles for decades. The below graph provides scientific proof that the magnetic North and South Poles have been moving for over 100 years and that the annual movement of the North magnetic pole is becoming exponential. Although often described as a normal anomaly that Earth goes through regularly, the fact is that this movement is not normal or within any cyclical event that has been witnessed or measured by modern science. Scientific and practical theories suggest that this could be the beginning of Earth' s next magnetic pole shift although the estimates on how long such a shift might take is still only speculation.

From this graph, it can be seen that the North Magnetic Pole is moving towards Russia while the South Magnetic Pole is moving towards South America. Whether this is the beginning of a complete magnetic pole shift or not will likely be disputed until the event actually occurs, however, the above graph clearly shows the annual movement of the north magnetic pole to be increasing exponentially. In addition, the last year data has been made

available on this pole movement is from the year 2005. This suggests that there may be a reason why the governments of the world are not releasing any data past 2005. Is it possible the magnetic pole movement after 2005 would cause concern the governments would rather avoid? Something else worth mentioning and which may be significant is that the North Magnetic Pole has moved (about 12 degrees latitude and 18 degrees longitude) which is farther than the South Magnetic Pole (about 8 degrees latitude and 10 degrees longitude) during the same period of time. Could the inequality of movement between the poles be creating a potential for a spontaneous magnetic adjustment at some point in the future? Is it also possible that magnetic position data after 2005 could present an even more dramatic difference? What most theorists and scientists dont generally agree on is whether magnetic pole shifts and geographic pole shifts are related or occur in close proximity to one another, how long the poles generally take to complete a shift, and how far the poles may actually move. From a position of probability, there is no proof that the ongoing movement in the magnetic poles is the beginning of a much larger movement or complete shift in the poles. There is also no proof that either a magnetic or geologic pole shift will occur through the possible cosmic or Earth events. It is commonly accepted, however, that any event that could result in an Earth Crust Displacement event or reverse Earth's magnetic poles would require more energy than is contained with Earth itself. In other words, scientists generally agree that such events require and are the result of some external cosmic influence acting upon Earth. There are numerous theories related to potential cosmic events that could be influencing the current magnetic pole movement. Some of these theories include: a plasma ribbon, superwave, planetX/Nibiru, and even the celestial and galactic alignment that occurs approximately once every 13,000 years. Although some of these theories include claims that they are being monitored from satellites or Earth-based telescopes, there appears to be no proof of the theories or the claims. Most people may also be aware that Earth is not the only planet being affected by whatever cosmic event is influencing Earth. There is scientific evidence that something is affecting the Sun and the heliosphere that protects Earth and every planet from galactic radiation. Scientists are also monitoring changes on virtually every planet in our solar system including and most notably: Mars, Venus, and Jupiter. The real question is whether the ongoing cosmic event is going to precipitate a magnet pole shift as theorized by scientists and if so, how fast might such a pole shift occur. If the pole shift occurs slowly, over thousands or millions of years, the effects on the crust and life on the surface of Earth is theorized to be negligible. However, what most of these theories seem to neglect is the evidence that the magnetic pole movement is not linear, but rather exponential. If the movement is exponential, then it is also highly possible that the magnetic pole shift could occur in a period of tens or hundreds of years. Clearly the measurable movement in the above graph supports the potential of eventual movement of one or more degrees longitude and latitude annually. Having access to the magnetic movement data after 2005 would certainly either support or contradict the exponential movement theory, however, the governments are not providing any recent data on this event. And if the movement is exponential, one could theorize that a one or two degree longitude and latitude annual shift of magnetic poles would ultimately be followed by five and ten degree annual shift. In fact, this theory could account for a very rapid and dramatic shift in the final steps of the entire process. And if such a rapid shift where to be part of the theorized magnetic pole shift, there is probably no way to understand the full affect on Earth's crust, a geographic pole shift, and all life on Earth's surface. A rapid shift in the magnetic poles and Earth's crust reversing direction of rotation per the Earth Crust Displacement Theory could explain ancient references that describe a time when the Sun rose on the opposite equator. Egyptian, Chinese, and South American cultures describe multiple times in their history where the Sun did not rise or set for a period of 3 days, and when the Sun did rise again, it rose from the opposite horizon. Even in the Koran, it states that a future event will result in our Sun rising from the opposite horizon.

Pole Shift (geographic)

A shift in geographic poles is another commonly discussed concept throughout the scientific world. This is the theory that an internal or external force acts upon Earth to reposition the arctic poles anywhere from their current position by a few degree up to 180 degrees. A widely accepted, yet false, belief is that the magnetic poles of Earth flip as a result of a 180 degree flip in the geographic poles. For those who are aware of how Earth's magnetic poles and electromagnetic field are created, it becomes obvious that a 180 degree geographic shift would only result in a magnetic pole shift if the Earth Crust Displacement Theory holds true. In contrast to a shift in magnetic poles, the cataclysmic consequences of a shift in geographic poles pales in comparison. Some light can be shed on the potential of this event by considering the astronomical observations of ancient cultures.

Virtually every ancient culture has left information that tells us they were well aware of the 12 constellations (The Zodiac) that encircle Earth. At the present moment, these constellations circle Earth in an elliptical orbit that crosses the equator at an angle of 23 degrees. Ancient cultures describe a time when these constellations circled the Earth directly around the equator. From this information, we can conclude that the poles have shifted 23 degrees from the time these ancient astronomers recorded those observations. In addition, there is geological proof that Earths poles have shifted in the past. One example of this proof was discovered by the scientists that drill for ice core samples in the Antarctic. As these scientists drill through the ice at ever increasing depths, they extract the ice samples for measurement of carbon dioxide, dust, and Earths temperature. However, these scientists were surprised when they found organic material underneath the ice that dates back some 450,000 years. Other examples include the well publicized Beresovka mammoth that was found frozen in the Siberian ice with grass still in its mouth and stomach. This means the mammoth was actually grazing in a field as the weather become so cold that everything froze almost instantly. You cant even write this off as a freak storm that came through in a once-in-a-lifetime event because the mammoth wasnt simply frozen, but also buried in the ice from that moment until it was recently discovered by man. Whatever caused the mammoth to freeze didnt just come and go, but came and stayed from that moment until recent times. And this is not an isolated incident. The following map represents locations in the northern regions of Russia where mammoth and rhinoceros remains have been unearthed in the frozen tundra.

From historic references and the ongoing excavation and mining of mammoth and rhinoceros ivory, it's estimated there could thousands of such remains in this region. Since neither of these animals can survive without grasslands for grazing, this means the region must have been warm while these animals lived there and then suddenly froze, trapping them without a source of food. There is other scientific information that refers to the mammoth and rhinoceros as tropical animals and even though the mammoth had a coat of fur, it would not be accustomed to living or able to survive in cold climates. Ancient references and recent theories into geographic pole shifts indicate that the most likely cause for such events are the result of external cosmic forces acting on Earth. Some of the theories into these external cosmic forces include: the Sun, comets, Planet X or Niburu, and more recently, passing of the galactic equator. Its theoretically possible that any one of these cosmic forces could cause a geographic pole shift on Earth. The basic theory starts with the understanding that every planet, solar system, galaxy, and potentially the entire universe operate of the principles of energy, electromagnetic forces, equilibrium, and magnetic poles. Further that rotating electromagnetic bodies attract and repel other bodies like a magnet. This can be seen by moons that orbit planets, planets that orbit stars, and stars that orbit galaxies. All of these interactions are based on the principles of electromagnetism. It doesnt matter if these bodies are expanding or contracting, the electromagnetic principles still apply to the basic structures. The forces created by spinning iron are exactly what create electromagnetic fields and the magnetic poles around a planet, solar system, or galaxy. In essence, any rotating body composed of iron is simply an electromagnet. With this understanding of electromagnetism, it becomes easier to imagine how one such magnet might affect the rotation or geographic position of another magnet. Cosmic forces of this nature can, therefore, be expressed in a physical sense as two magnets being moved past each other. Those who have performed such experiments in high school physics class know the result. The electromagnetic forces increase as the magnets are held closer together and the larger magnet controls the action of the smaller magnet. This is an important reference to the cosmic event that is about to interaction with Earth. Whether this event is caused by a comet, brown dwarf star, galactic equator, or some other force, its likely that force will have a more powerful electromagnetic energy than Earth. In other words, it will overpower Earths electromagnetic field. Now, lets imagine Earth being held in orbit by the electromagnetic forces of the Sun and the other planets in our solar system and something with a larger magnetic force begins to act on Earth. If the external force is strong enough, a pole shift and even a change in rotation are possible outcomes from such an event.

Earth is going through a variety of changes at this moment that actually could facilitate a geographic pole shift in the very near future. These changes include a slowing of Earths core and a weakening of Earths electro-magnetic field. Since Earths electro-magnetic field is responsible for the stability of our geographic North and South poles, it makes sense that a weakening of that field creates a greater potential for an external force to act upon it. There isn't much scientific proof related to how far the geographic poles might shift or how long this process might take from start to completion. For now, we can only refer to information of a more esoteric nature such as ancient literature and prophecy. These sources suggest that the geographic pole shift will be between 20 to 45 degrees over a period of between 5 and 10 hours. They also suggest the new North Pole could be somewhere near Northern Mongolia in Russia. (See video on YouTube "Earths New Equator After the Pole Shift") In order to do some calculations on these figures, we will use the more extreme case of a 45 degree geographic pole shift over a period of 5 hours. Earth is about 40,000 km in circumference at the equator, therefore, during a 45 degree pole shift, the surface of Earth would travel approximately 5,000 km. If we use 5 hours as the time it takes to complete the shift, this means that Earth is moving at 1,000 km/hr at the equator. If we use the more conservative predictions of 20 degrees over 10 hours, this speed becomes 222 km/hr at the equator. Of course either of these ground speeds is reduced significantly as you move away from plane of rotation. The geographic and magnetic pole shift scenarios are unique in the overall application of force on Earths crust. In the case of the magnetic shift, Earths crust is coming to a complete stop in the East/West directions, but with the geographic shift, Earths crust is starting up and stopping in the North/South directions. The braking system on the crust is the same for either event and is a combination of the friction between the crust and mantle along with the buckling of the crust upon itself. The motion of the crust would eventually slowing down and stop in its new position. If there is a light side to this events, it would be that the initial cataclysmic affects probably wouldnt last very long before the crust movement decelerated and settled into a new state of equilibrium. The most important difference between the magnetic and geographic pole shifts comes down to varying degrees of cataclysm. Both events produce rotational surface forces that can literally move mountains and could be lethal to virtually all life on the Earth's surface.

Shift in Earths Crust

From the previous descriptions on the potential for a magnetic pole shift and/or a geographic pole shift, you can see that Earths crust could be in for events that would most certainly be considered cataclysmic. Either of these events would occur quite quickly in geological terms, and therefore, the shifts in Earths crust would also occur quickly. If there was any good news, it's that these events would most likely be over quickly. Before we discuss the potential and possible shifts in Earths crust from these events, lets first discuss the fluidity and rigidity of this crust. The image below provides a visual representation of how Earth's crust moves across the mantle or magma.

Were all aware of the continental drift and that continents fold over and under each other at specific locations around the globe. Were also familiar with the concepts of fault lines under the ocean and on land where movement in one direction causes huge crevasse or valleys to be created while movement in the other direction causes mountains to be created. One other consequence of any of these geological actions is the movement of magma or lava either closer or farther away from Earths surface. One global example of this activity is around the Pacific Ocean, better known as the Pacific Rim and a region which is also known as the Ring of Fire. The following map displays the locations of volcanoes (black triangles) along with earthquake activity (coloured by depth) along the Ring of Fire.

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Over 75 percent of the worlds volcanoes fall within this so-called Ring of Fire, circling from South America, to Alaska, to Japan, and on to New Zealand. This region is called the Ring of Fire because it has the highest concentration of active volcanoes and earthquakes in the world. This is a prime example of what happens when tectonic plates are in motion. Most volcanoes are located at the boundary of tectonic plates, which are massive slabs of the Earths crust that move slowly over what is called the asthenosphere. In the Pacific Rim region, a great number of volcanoes occur where one plate dives below another. As the plate drops deeper it sets in a motion the process that creates lava. The molten lava then begins to rise through the solid rock above and create volcanoes. Earths crust is quite thin as compared to the depth of the mantle, but its still up to 30 kilometres thick under most continents and 5 to 10 kilometres thick under most oceans. Underneath this crust is several thousand kilometres of mantle or asthenosphere which is full of magma, also known as lava. As you can imagine, it would take quite a force to move the crust up or down, left or right, or in both directions at the same time. Such events are known to most of us as earthquakes. Once a crevasse or crack is opened in the crust that is large enough for the magma to come to the surface, it tends to stay volatile for long periods of time, in extreme cases maybe even thousands of years. You can visualize the crust and magma relationship of Earth much like a cherry pie where the pie filling is the magma. If you poke holes in the pie crust, the pie filling seeps to the surface. If you cut the pie and remove a piece, the filling flows into the vacated space, but what happens if you slide that same pie across a table at high velocity and let it collide with

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a solid object? Of course something very catastrophic happens. In this case, the pie crust slides off the filling and onto the wall with the pie filling sprayed all over everything. Although only a metaphor, this is the concept that were talking about when we consider either the magnetic or geographic pole shifts. Even though Earths crust is quite thick, its also brittle. And like the pie crust, once the Earths crust is torn, it has much more mobility. It generally takes a lot of force from underneath the crust in order to open up new fissures for lava to flow or to raise mountains more than a few centimetres or many centimetres in any single event. Now imagine the force of rotational movement that would be put on the Earths crust from either type of pole shift event. Basically, the affect of these forces is not entirely predictable, but will most certainly be devastating. The affect will be a buckling where the crust will push up and down as it crashes into itself. And the weakest locations, those that have moved in the past events, will likely be the points of the greatest buckling. Does this sound like what could have happened when mountain ranges were raised or lowered between 3,000 to 8,000 metres in a single event? Absolutely! The geological evidence also proves that locations on the ocean floor were once above water before this event. The geological evidence for such an event is staggering. Entire continents, portions of continents, and islands have risen or fallen in a single event. And the geological and archaeological evidence does not stop there. Did you know that there are sunken cities under virtually every ocean on the planet? Some of these locations reveal entire sea ports with harbours and mooring posts for boats to dock. Some locations include solid stone walls that stretch for miles, stone temples, and other structures. Could such an extreme geological event be the reason why many regions of the planet have been submerged under oceans only to reemerge from that same ocean at a different time and event in geological history? Absolutely! Could this be what happened to Atlantis, Lemuria, the Middle East, or even the Western United States? Absolutely! There is no question that Earth will shake and the crust will tear during such an event. Some believe that portions of continents will be submerged much they way they have been in past geological history. There are also some who believe (new or ancient) continents will emerge from the ocean depths such as Atlantis and Lemuria. Nostradamus and Edgar Casey speak of such cataclysmic events in Earths future. They speak as if man, as a whole, is unaware and unprepared for these events when they arrive. They speak of the few who will survive and carry on life in a new consciousness. There are references from ancient cultures that describe the Atlanteans as being wiped from Earth during some cataclysmic event. Edgar Casey speaks of a time when Atlantis will re-emerge from the ocean. The Bible and other prophecy often reference a great earthquake in reference to the end times or cataclysmic events. In fact a great earthquake is mentioned as one of the final events in the 7 Seals, 7 Trumpets, and 7 Vials. In each of these prophecies, the great earthquake is the final act of destruction on Earth. These passages speak of every mountain and island being moved, multitudes hid, the cities of nations fell, every island fled away, and the mountains were not found.

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The frequency and magnitude of earthquakes has increased across the planet in recent times. In fact, the following graph from the USGS (United States Geological Survey) shows that there has been a significant increase in earthquakes since the year 2000.

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Shifts in the Earths crust, better known as earthquakes, are often measured by the Richter scale. The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale, and thus, has a maximum value of 10. This means that all earthquakes are measured between the values of zero and ten. From this image above, you can get some idea of the relationship between Richter scale values and potential geophysical damage. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude. As an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. In simpler terms, every one point rise in the Richter scale reflects an event which is ten times more powerful than the previous point. Few people are aware that Charles Richter retired in 1970 and shortly thereafter, the Richter scale was reduced by one full point. This is a huge change in the Richter scale as it allows for another level which is ten times more powerful than the previous level of ten. Is it possible the USGS or U.S. Government believed the previous upper limit to the Richter scale could possibly be exceeded after the 1970s? Or is it possible they didnt want to explain why so many future earthquakes would be registering in the 8.0+ and 9.0+ ranges? Is it possible the U.S. government and scientists were seeing a pattern, know something was coming, or just taking precaution? If the Richter scale hadnt been reduced, then the magnitude 9.2 earthquake that struck off the west coast of the Indonesian Island of Sumatra on December 26, 2004 would have registered a magnitude of 10. More recently and possibly as a result of the potential to exceed the Richter scales top limit of 10, geologists are moving towards a new scale for measuring earthquakes; the Moment Magnitude scale, or MW. The Moment Magnitude scale was developed in 1979 by Thomas C Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori. Scientists find this scale more useful as it measures the amount of energy released in the quake rather than the size of the seismic wave. Is there a possible connection between earthquakes and solar events? According to Mitch Battros, Producer of Earth Changes Media and Author of 'Solar Rain - The Earth Changes Have Begun' and 'Global Warming: A Convenient Disguise' , the answer is Yes! Mitch states that his research into past earthquakes reveals a pattern of large earth changing events have occurred 14 days prior to, and or 14 day after a full solar eclipse. In February of 2008, Earth Changes Media made headlines providing evidence of a connection between a Solar and Lunar Eclipse and catastrophic events. We displayed well documented evidence showing large earth changing events did occur within a 14 day window prior to, and 14 days immediately following an Eclipse.

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At Earth Changes Media, Mitch provides scientific evidence of "cycles" by listing the dates of 'full lunar eclipse' from 2001 to 2011 and the corresponding earthquake activity. Although earthquakes are certainly at the top of all emergency managements list, volcanoes are not far behind. I am most concerned with recent volcanic events in Northern and Central America which may be progress to full eruptions. Quotes from: Mitch Battros, http://www.earthchangesmedia.com/

Tsunami & Tidal Waves

From the previous topics on the potential for a magnetic pole shift, a geographic pole shift and the resulting shift in Earths crust, you can see that our oceans may present the greatest threat of natural disaster to all forms of life. The extent of this potential is even visible now as floods, tsunamis, and torrential rains cause the majority of fatalities from natural disaster around the world. Weve discussed the potential for a geological cataclysmic event from either type of pole shift as Earths crust moves across the magma until settling into a new state of equilibrium. Now lets discuss the difference between the motions of Earths crust versus the motion of the oceans during such an event. To do this, we must first consider the difference between the rigidity of a shift in Earths crust and the fluidity of its oceans. Dirt is more dense than water and does not flow as freely unless it is either saturated with water or a large enough force is applied that creates substantial momentum. A landslide is an example of how earth moves under extreme conditions. A landslide can only occur if one or more conditions are met including: steep incline, weak substructure, moisture, and the application of vertical or horizontal forces. If any one of these conditions is large enough, a landslide is possible, but is still much more limited in the distance it can travel than with water. In fact, due to the friction created as earth moves across earth, the distance of motion is extremely limited without a continuous application of force. Water, on the other hand, moves freely when force is applied. In fact, even the slightest disturbance of water creates motion and the only conditions you need to create this motion include: displacement, vertical, or horizontal forces. Motion of water can be created from a variety of sources including: changes in altitude such as a river, wind blowing across its surface, or the gravitation forces from the Moon. And once water begins to move it continues until enough energy is removed over time to slow or stop the motion. In the case of a lake or ocean, this means that waves can literally move from one shore to the other, and back again.

Approximately 70% of Earths surface is covered by water. Of course, 100% of Earth is covered by land; its just

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that only 30% of that land is above the water. As we discussed earlier, when Earths crust moves violently, its generally a short period of time before it settles into a new state of equilibrium. Good examples of this concept are earthquakes. Earthquakes can be very violent, but generally occur for only short durations with recordings generally only in the few seconds, but in extreme cases up to about 10 minutes. The fluidity of water is what makes it so devastating. Once water starts moving, it doesnt just stop until it generally hits something. It may slow down gradually, but it literally keeps moving across lakes and even oceans until it reaches a shoreline. And it doesnt simply stop when it hits shore, but actually bounces off the shoreline, losing some of its momentum in the process, and starts back in the direction it came from. The cataclysm affects from these waves will probably last for weeks or months as these waves circle the globe before dissipating completely. We have already mentioned the geological proof that mountain ranges across the world have risen or fallen 3,000 to 8,000 metres in a single event. During this same event, most of the life on Earth was eradicated from Earth in what can only be described as cataclysmic events. Archaeologist and geologists found mass debris piles that contained a combination of vegetation and animal parts. They found no whole animals or whole trees, but only pieces strewn together in huge piles. It was as if the organic material was stripped from the land, shredded, moved inland into large piles, and buried under the dirt. These debris piles were excavated and carbon dated to the same time as the abrupt geological movements. What wasnt mentioned previously is that water was proven to be the cause of this eradication of life. If youve seen any of before and after photographs from typhoons, hurricanes, or the tsunami in 2004, you may have an idea of the true destructive power of water. The tsunami was caused by an earthquake with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, its the second largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 cm and triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska.

The earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of devastating tsunami along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean and killing more than 225,000 people in eleven countries. Coastal communities were inundated with waves up to 30 metres high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand were the hardest hit. The following before and after photographs from the 2004 tsunami provide just a glimpse of the destructive power of only a 10 to 30 metre high tsunami.

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The reality is that water will cause the greatest destruction from either a geographic or magnetic pole shift. The potential movements of Earths crust, the massive earthquakes that will result, and the displacement of entire oceans will most certainly create a cataclysm beyond human comprehension. It really doesnt mater if the crust shifts in the East/West or North/South directions or whether its from a sudden slow down or sudden acceleration of Earths rotation. The result will likely be very similar in either case. Tsunami and tidal waves are ultimately very similar since they are both large waves that move across the water surface, however, how they are formed is quite different. The term tidal wave invariably describes exactly how this phenomenon is created. They are literally waves that are created when there is a change in tidal conditions, or the periodic movement of water associated with the rise and fall of the tides. Its known that tidal waves can move at speeds up to 320 km/h and can be up to 100 metres high. Tsunami, a Japanese word meaning harbor wave, is a wave thats created by a geologic event. Often a tsunami is incorrectly referred to as a tidal wave. Oceanographers call tsunamis seismic sea waves because they are usually caused by earthquakes, landslides or marine slides under or near the ocean. These events push the water upward, sideways or downward to create the tsunami waves. Volcanic eruptions can also cause tsunamis. A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves that can travel across the ocean at speeds of more than 800km/h. In the deep ocean, hundreds of kilometres can separate wave crests; many people have lost their lives during tsunamis after returning home thinking the waves had stopped. As the tsunami enters the shallows of a coastline, its velocity slows but its height increases. A tsunami that is just a few centimetres or metres high from trough to crest can rear up to heights of 30 to 50 metres as it hits the shore, striking with devastating force. For those on shore there is little warning of a tsunamis approach. The first indication is often a sharp swell, not unlike an ordinary storm swell.

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There are several historic examples of tsunami destructive power. In 1883, a tsunami following the eruption of Krakatoa volcano between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra killed 36,000 people. The tsunamis passage was traced as far away as Panama. In July 1998, two undersea earthquakes measuring 7.0 created three tsunamis that killed at least 2,100 people near the town of Aitape on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. And were all familiar with the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean that killing more than 225,000 people in eleven countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. Our overall concepts of tidal waves and tsunami pale in comparison to the true magnitude of these events under extreme circumstances. Even the earthquake that triggered the tsunami in 2004 lasted for a long period of time in geological terms, but it was still only for a period of 8 to 10 minutes. Can you imagine how long an earthquake might last under the conditions of a shift in Earths crust from either a magnetic pole shift or a geographic pole shift? Can anyone imagine an earthquake of the previously described magnitudes that last for 30 minutes, 2 hours, or maybe 5 hours? These figures are probably unimaginable even for scientists and geologists. Some scientists state that water doesnt have the elasticity to create a 900 metre tidal wave or a 300 metre tsunami, but imagine if we were simply talking about a comet or meteor striking in one of Earths oceans. Couldnt such an event displace enough water during the impact to create waves of this magnitude? The reality is that just because we havent ever seen it happen doesnt mean there isnt a force powerful enough that can create these conditions. And just because scientists cant prove something will happen doesnt mean that it cant happen. There are obviously forces in the universe that are beyond our comprehension to measure or even understand. Another form of the geological proof is the existence of erratics. An erratic is a large boulder, sometimes the size of a house, which has been moved from one area to another area far away. Such erratics have been discovered throughout the world. Originally, geologists concluded they must have been moved by the force of ice during the last ice age. More recent research proves these erratics were moved with the force of water, discarding the previous glacial theories. This research has concluded these erratics were pushed up against mountains or pushed over the top by the force of water. The force of water that were speaking about is probably beyond our comprehension to even imagine. Were talking about a force that can wipe the Earth clean of all trees, rocks, and organic life for hundreds of kilometres inland. The coastal regions of virtually every continent and island will be inundated with the water moving at extreme speeds. Even high altitudes may not be safe if you are close to any ocean shoreline. A 900 metre tidal wave or 300 metre tsunami, travelling at speeds in excess of 32km/h will embody a force that can literally move straight up the face of a mountain. Add to this data, tales from virtually every culture of great floods that destroyed entire civilizations. There are cities submerged under every ocean on the planet. So, when did this happen? Did you know there are over 200 cities under the Mediterranean Sea alone? Then you have the repetitive patterns of land masses being submerged under the ocean only to have these same land masses reemerge from that ocean at some other point in history. Among many places, this is evident in the Western United States and the creation of the Grand Canyon. Ancient cultures also speak of a time when the oceans receded away from the shorelines. This phenomenon can occur as a tsunami or tidal wave approaches the shoreline. The water is actually sucked out and away from the shoreline as the tsunami or tidal wave is pushed upwards when moving towards the shore. When the ancients witnessed these events, they immediately ran towards higher ground, however, most people could not get far enough inland or high enough up during such an event in order to save them.

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When Columbus came to the Americas in 1492, he visited the Caribbean islands. Columbus wrote that virtually every island culture had recorded a time of a great flood or deluge that left few alive. At that time, the inhabitants were tribal communities living along the shoreline where they could reap the oceans abundant natural resources. These shoreline locations would have put their communities at the highest risk of ocean and weather related disasters. If this theme of destruction by water was only associated with the Caribbean, you could hypothesis these destructive events were merely isolated tsunami or hurricanes, but this theme is resounded throughout virtually every ancient civilization on Earth. With such a globally recorded event, its more likely these were not just localized events, but rather a global event. Lets not forget about our man-made water sheds throughout the world. These would include every reservoir, levy, and dam ever built for storage and distribution of fresh water and those used for flood control. In such an event, every one of these man-made structures would likely fail or collapse. Most of these structures are also in close proximity and often at a higher elevation to the populated areas they service. So, besides the destruction that would be caused by every ocean in the world, we also have the devastating affects of lakes, reservoirs, levies, and dams that would flood local cities, towns, and communities. A prime example of such flooding is when the levies broke around New Orleans from hurricane Katrina in August of 2005.

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Volcanoes & Nuclear Winter

From the previous topics on the potential for a magnetic pole shift, a geographic pole shift and the resulting shift in Earths crust, it doesnt take much of an imagination to see that most volcanoes would likely become hyperactive during such a cataclysmic event. With either an abrupt acceleration or deceleration of the Earths crust, the buckling affect, and the crust being thrust up and down, there is potential that virtually every volcano on the planet could erupt simultaneously. This doesnt mean only the active volcanoes. The magnitude of such an event could very well reactivate the dormant volcanoes as well. All volcanoes are born when hot magma rises to the surface, infiltrates a weak spot in the Earth's outer crust, and breaks through. There are over 600 active volcanoes on Earth that are generally associated with the boundaries of the tectonic plates; the seven great plates that carry the oceans and continents. They are especially common in subduction zones, which occur when one tectonic plate dips beneath another. As the plate dives into the mantle, its gradually heated, producing blobs of molten rock that rise to the surface. The molten rock or magma collects in weak patches of crust, in structures called magma chambers. If the pressure in the magma chamber builds high enough, the magma will erupt and a volcano is born. The majority of the damage in volcanic eruptions is not from lava flow but from a phenomenon known as pyroclastic flow. A pyroclastic flow is an avalanche of ground-hugging hot rock accompanied by a cloud of ash and gases that race down the slope of a volcano. The range of destructive force from a pyroclastic flow is directly proportional to the power of the volcanic explosion. This flow can reach speeds of up to 160 km/h, and temperatures of nearly 700oC. In other words, anything that can catch fire will be incinerated immediately.

Throughout recorded history, pyroclastic flows have caused more death and destruction than any other volcanic hazard. In 1902 on the Caribbean island of Martinique, a pyroclastic flow generated by the eruption of Mt. Pele swept into the town of St. Pierre and incinerated 29,000 people. The devastating mudflow that killed 25,000

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people in Armaro, Colombia, after the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano was also triggered by a pyroclastic flow. Pyroclastic flow and lava aren't the only hazards created by volcanic eruptions. Other dangers are floods containing a mixture of rock fragments and water (mudflows are one type), landslides, gas emissions, and ash clouds. Ash clouds are a particular problem for aircraft of any kind as they quickly clog the air filters making the aircraft inoperable. They can cause engine failure, damage electrical systems, scratch the outer surface of a plane, and contaminate its interior. The effects of a volcanic eruption can also be felt over the long-term. Eruptions releasing high concentrations of sulphur-rich gas can alter global climate. The sulphur mixes with water vapour in the atmosphere to form clouds of sulphuric acid. The acid droplets both absorb incoming solar radiation and bounce it back into space. The result is lower temperatures. In the year after the eruption of Philippines' Mount Pinatubo, in 1991, global temperatures dipped by nearly one degree. Volcanic activity and variations in solar irradiance are the two main natural processes producing changes in the Earth's radiative balance on timescales of years to decades. Strong volcanic eruptions can send particulates and sulphate gas (aerosol) high into the atmosphere, where it can spread out and remain suspended for 2-3 years. Volcanic eruptions tend to cause a large increase in aerosol concentrations that can have a significant influence on the earth's climate in the short term. Aerosols in the stratosphere reflect incoming sunlight, producing a cooling effect on global temperatures. The cooling effect lasts until the aerosols are cycled out of the atmosphere by natural physical and chemical processes. In the case of large eruptions or a succession of eruptions such as in the early 1800's, the cooling effect can last several decades. A reduction in solar output is thought to be primarily responsible for the large-scale cooling experienced during the little ice age in the late 1600's, but strong volcanic activity at that time may have also contributed. In recent decades, observations following the major volcanic eruptions of Mount Agung in 1963, El Chichn in 1982 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991 illustrate the cooling influence of these events. Volcanic aerosols may also have indirect influences on the climate that are less well understood. For example, the presence of aerosols in parts of the stratosphere can produce temperature gradients both vertically and horizontally, which could alter the air circulation patterns in the stratosphere, and in turn affect troposphere air circulation. Aerosols may also interact with chemical processes occurring in the stratosphere, which could affect distribution and concentration of ozone and other trace gases. There is evidence to suggest that volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer and changes in the dominant Arctic atmospheric circulation pattern. In recent times, we regularly hear of previously dormant volcanoes that spontaneously awake and become active again. In some cases, like the Chaiten Volcano in Chile, which became active on May 2, 2008, these volcanoes have been dormant for nearly 10,000 years. This information gives greater credibility to the archaeological and geological proof that approximately 11,500 years ago, most mountain ranges across the planet either rose or fell 3,000 to 8,000 metres in a single event. Is it a coincidence that Chaiten was last active at approximately the same time as the last known cataclysmic event on Earth?

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The following graph displays the annual earthquake activity in the area of the Yellowstone volcano. As you can see from this graph, there has been a measurable increase, but not a significant enough increase for geologists to conclude that a large eruption is approaching.

According to some vulcanologists, Yellowstone volcano, located in the central US, may be on the verge of a large scale eruption. Some researches even suggest that its past due for such an eruption. The changes around Yellowstone don't seem to get much media coverage for obvious reasons, but the effects are getting more extreme every year with the water tables becoming highly acidic, deforestation, and increased tremors. The caldera of Yellowstone lies under a lake, and its rising. It also happens to rest on a bed of Uranium, so when it does erupt, the result will be very radioactive. The image below displays the area of the United States that was affected by previous eruptions of Yellowstone. Geological findings indicate that the affected areas from three such eruptions extend some 1,600km to 2,000km in diameter. To give some perspective, the image also displays the affected area from the 1980 Mount St. Helen's eruption.

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The image above represents the estimated range of destruction from a large scale eruption of the Yellowstone volcano. From this image, you can see that such an eruption will virtually wipe out a large portion of the MidWestern United States.

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In fact, the pyroclastic flow from Yellowstone will completely destroy everything for hundreds of kilometres in every direction. Its further hypothesized that when Yellowstone does experience its next full eruption, that such an eruption will be large enough to plunge the entire planet into a cooling cycle and a mini ice age. For more information on volcanoes and past volcanic eruptions resources include videos from such sources as the History Channel and specifically a series entitled Mega Disasters. If there are no such resources in your area of the world, you may want to start your own research into local volcanoes that might be near any location where you live or are considering for a community. In this day and age, you can often search the internet using the terms volcano and city name. This may give you a quick overall picture of risk assessment. Now imagine what might occur during a cataclysmic event that hyper-activates the hundreds of already active volcanoes, as well as most of the currently dormant volcanoes across the entire planet.

Imagine volcanic ash covering the skies and blocking out the Sun in minutes or hours. Imagine the pyroclastic flows, toxic gases, ash, and hot rocks that would permeate the air and cover the landscape so quickly that it becomes difficult or impossible to see or breathe within hours. Imagine the sky filling with sulphuric acid within and contaminating every river, lake, stream, reservoir, and even underground springs making fresh water unavailable within hours.

Imagine lava, mudflows, flash floods, and torrential rains blocking roads and making mobility virtually impossible. And then imagine 3, 6, or even 15 metres of volcanic ash covering all buildings, underground shelters, and vegetation, making survival virtually impossible. Imagine how quickly animal and human life would be exterminated. The consequences from such events on human life have been recorded throughout recent history, with a pyroclastic flow incinerating 29,000 people in the 1902 eruption of Mt. Pele and 25,000 people from a mudflow in the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. But the true images of suffering and helplessness from such an event can sometimes best be experienced by going further into the past. Into past cultures that may have had little understanding, warning, preparation, or emergency planning for such events.

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Consider the eruption of Mount Vesuvius near Pompeii, Italy in 79 A.D. which covered the landscape with 3m to 7m of hot ash and pumice. There are thousands of artefacts excavated from this event, but it only takes a few to represent the devastating affects on human life. The following photographs are a snapshot into the past and give us a glimpse of the human suffering that occurred at the hands of this ancient volcanic eruption as people were literally mummified into solid stone.

In more recent volcanic activity, we've seen volcanoes spontaneously erupting and emerging from the Pacific Ocean along the Ring of Fire, creating the beginnings of entirely new land masses. Geologists have recently discovery a bulge in the mountainous landscape of Oregon, in the northwest region of the United States. It has been determined that this bulge is being caused by a new volcano pushing upward towards the surface. Volcanic activity appears to be increasing across the planet at the present moment. We are now seeing activity in volcanoes that are considered past due for an eruption, new volcanoes pushing to the surface, and volcanoes becoming active again after nearly 10,000 years of dormancy. All in all, we are already living in a very volatile geological time. In previous material, it was mentioned that our oceans may present the greatest threat of natural disaster to all forms of life. After reading the potential affect from simultaneous world-wide volcanic eruptions, you may beg to differ. One method to distinguish between the natural disaster impact caused by tsunami and tidal waves versus volcanic eruptions would be to classify the destructive impact of tsunami and tidal waves as short-term and volcanic eruptions as long-term.

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Tsunami and tidal waves will wash inland very quickly causing immediate destruction and loss of life, but after this initial inundation, the water will eventually recede back into the oceans. Of course, it's important to realize that two-thirds of the world population lives within a short distance of ocean coastlines. This means that two-thirds of the entire world population is the direct path of a tsunami or tidal wave. Volcanic eruptions have an immediate destructive impact on the local region as a result of pyroclastic flows, lava, mudflows, landslides, and toxic gas emissions. On the other hand, there is also a long-term impact that can result as the hyperactive volcanic activity could last for months, years, or even decades. The buckling of Earths crust during a pole shift would likely cause most active and dormant volcanoes to become extremely hyperactive. Imagine, if you can, every volcano on the Earth erupting simultaneously and for an indeterminate duration. Consider that the eruption of a single large volcano, Mount Pinatubo in 1991, lowered Earths overall temperature by nearly one degree centigrade. It doesnt take much imagination to realize the potential global impact from possibly one hundred volcanoes erupting simultaneously in a cataclysmic event.

These eruptions would release high concentrations of sulphur-rich gas into the atmosphere. The sulphur then mixes with water vapour in the atmosphere to form clouds of sulphuric acid. The acid droplets both absorb incoming solar radiation and bounce it back into space. The result is lower global temperatures. Such an event would certainly send so much volcanic ash into the atmosphere that the sun could be blocked out for months or possibly longer. Add to this that up to 3, 6, or even 15 metres of ash could fall from the sky and completely cover the grass, bushes, and other low lying vegetation. Leaves and branches of trees would be weighed down by this ash, making it difficult for them to absorb any light or nutrients. In other words, some plants may survive for weeks, but most plants would be dead within a month. The plants would be followed by the herbivores which would probably die a week later and then the carnivores a few weeks after that. Without food reserves or special growing facilities, famine would set in quickly and humans wouldnt be very far behind the animals. Under these circumstances, its possible that a majority of people would parish within about two months.

As you can imagine, without adequate sunlight, plants would be difficult to grow at best, if not impossible, unless certain circumstances arise. These circumstances include: being far enough up wind from any erupting volcano, being in a location where the winds are strong enough to clear the air and allow sunlight to hit Earth, or creating an

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environment that can support the production of vegetation without natural sunlight. Over time, nature would eventually clean the atmosphere with rain and wind that carry the ash to the ground, a majority of which would be absorbed by the earth and the oceans. However, during this process of cleansing and renewal, the ash would block out the Sun and the planet would cool very rapidly. This process could result in a form of a nuclear winter. With lower temperatures and increased dust particles in the air, the resulting precipitation could turn from rain to snow in only a few weeks. If enough volcanoes erupt, the entire planet could be covered with a thick cloud of ash. Its widely accepted that the eruption of even one or two large volcanoes could create the affect of a global nuclear winter. If the result is a nuclear winter, it could also explain why core sample data from Antarctica shows Earth moving into a new ice age at any moment. The real problem will become survival after such an event as food becomes more difficult to grow and the weather in some regions becomes uninhabitable.

The Sun & Extreme Heat

When you ask yourself what past events have occurred on Earth that relate to the Sun, two things come to mind; ice ages and global warming. We all know that its a common belief that global warming is created by mankind with the burning of fossil fuels and maybe even that ice ages have nothing to do with the Sun. The following graph of ice core sample data from the Antarctic provides some very interesting fuel for thought. As you can see, this graph tracks the change in Earths overall temperature for the last 450,000 years. This graph includes data from two different core drilling sites in the Antarctic. One called EPICA (in blue) is managed by the European Union and the other called Vostok (in green) is managed by the Soviet Union. At the bottom of this graph, you can see data that represents the ice volume (in red) on Earth during the same period. Our current position on this graph is at the far left, otherwise known as the zero point on the graph.

This graph shows that Earths overall temperature fluctuates from 6oC warmer to almost 9oC cooler than our current temperature. From this graph, you can easily see that when Earth is in a warming period that the ice covering Earth is melting at almost the identical inverse relationship to temperature, but maybe you can see something that others do not. Can you see a pattern? The above graph shows that Earth is in an ice age period when the overall temperature is a mere 3o to 6oC cooler than it is today. The data also shows that Earth came out of the last ice age and started heating up approximately 20,000 yrs ago, came out of the ice age completely about 13,000 yrs ago, and has maintained a

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fairly stable temperature ever since. So, what does this data tell us? Have you figured it out yet? This data basically tells us two things. First, ice ages have a cyclical pattern which obviously has nothing to do with humans causing global warming. After all, Earth started heating up and coming out of the last ice age about 20,000 years ago. You can see that as the planet started heating up, the ice volume was being reduced in direct proportion. In fact, in the last 13,000 years, the temperature on Earth has stayed fairly constant which is also reflected in a slowing of ice volume reduction across the planet. Second, is the existence of an observable cycle within the 450,000 years of ice core sample data. If you look at the data, you can see an obvious pattern where Earth enters a cooling cycle for approximately 80,000 years followed by a heat cycle of about 20,000 years. These figures combined result in a cycle for ice ages of approximately 100,000 years, like clockwork. Since mankind has not been burning fossil fuels for even 200 years, you can see that whatever caused the temperature on Earth to start increasing dramatically 20,000 years ago and then stabilize at the current temperatures for the last 13,000 years was not the result of humans. This data also proves that mankind is not the cause for the melting of polar and glacial ice that has been happening for 20,000 years. This one graph proves that global warming has nothing to do with mankind burning fossil fuels, and therefore, nothing to do with mankind at all. The relationship between the Suns irradiance and our current state of global warming is often under debate, but not often enough as the global warming agenda appears to have most people convinced the cause is related to humans. From the below chart on cosmic radiation, you can see that there are two main sources of radiation that affect Earths surface temperature and climate, those being the Sun and the galaxy.

This means that either a change in the Suns irradiance or a change in Earths protective shield can alter Earths surface temperature and climate. Likewise, a change in galactic radiation or our protection from that radiation could also alter Earths surface temperature and climate. According to astronomers, the Sun has just completed Solar Cycle 23 which produced the largest solar flare ever recorded, but that hasnt seemed to influence their conclusions on global warming. Of course, this solar cycle has repeated itself and been observed for over 100 years without any major deviations to concern scientists.

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According to scientists, Earths magnetic core has been slowing down for decades and its theorized that Earths magnetic field is generated by this revolving magnetic core. Scientists have also determined that Earths magnetic field has weakened to its lowest levels in recorded history. However, scientists are reluctant to draw any correlation between these two events as they report the slowdown in Earths core is a minor perturbation and would not affect the more significant changes to Earths electromagnetic field. Of course, this electromagnetic field is what protects Earth from the Suns harmful radiation. From the above chart on cosmic radiation, you can also see that Earth must also endure the affects of galactic radiation. This is radiation coming from the Milky Way galaxy and other sources, of which we are a member. The primary protection from this galactic radiation is the Suns electromagnet field also known as the heliosphere. Much like Earths electromagnetic field, the Sun also has a similar field, however, this heliosphere doesnt only protect the Sun and Earth, but it stretches out beyond Earth to include every planet in our solar system.

Scientists have proven the Sun is going through changes today that they have never witnessed before. In October 2008, NASA scientists warned that the heliosphere, the protective shield of energy that surrounds our solar system, has weakened by 25 per cent over the past decade and is now at it lowest level since the space race began 50 years ago. This means that, since 2008, Earth is being bombarded with at least 25% more cosmic radiation from the galaxy. This graph represents this 50 years of data in 10 year increments. This certainly would not be considered sound scientific analysis on any level; however, without access to detailed data on the decay rate of the heliosphere, this will have to do. Certainly this would not be considered proof of anything on a scientific level, but it does provide for an interesting theory and even more interesting visual. If we consider the theory that heliosphere decay is not simply a one-time fluctuation that will reverse within the next 10 years, but rather the possibility that its a trend, a cycle, or pattern that continues on before it recovers, then this theory has far reaching consequences. Even with this crude graphical representation of the heliosphere decay data, any extrapolation of data out to 2012 or beyond would point, not just to further decay, but rather to an exponential decay. For Earth and the entire solar system, such a decay theory could be catastrophic.

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To be certain, there is little known about long-term fluctuations in the heliosphere, but scientists are baffled at what could be causing this protective barrier to shrink in this way. If the heliosphere continues to weaken, scientists fear that the amount of cosmic radiation reaching the inner parts of our solar system, including Earth, will increase. This could result in growing levels of disruption to electrical equipment, damage satellites and potentially even harm life on Earth. There is a very high energy galactic radiation that is dangerous to living things. Around 90 per cent of the galactic cosmic radiation is deflected by our heliosphere, so the boundary protects us from this harsh galactic environment. Without the heliosphere the harmful intergalactic cosmic radiation would make life on Earth almost impossible by destroying DNA and making the climate uninhabitable. Could an increase in intergalactic cosmic radiation have anything to do with other changes that are occurring on Earth? Since this is a new and unknown phenomenon, its likely the scientists have no idea of the overall impact of this radiation on planet Earth. Is it at all possible that an increase in galactic radiation could trigger earthquakes, volcanoes, or extreme weather on Earth? NASA, NOAA, and ESA are also predicting that Solar Cycle 24, which just started, could be up to 50% stronger than its 'record breaking' predecessor Cycle 23 which produced the largest solar flare ever recorded. This means that we just entered a period where Earth could experience unprecedented radiation from the Sun in the next few years. The Sun will actually reach its 'apex' (maximum potential of solar cycle 24) in late 2011 into 2012. Does anyone find it interesting that Earth has entered a period of unprecedented exposure to intergalactic cosmic radiation and is entering a period of unprecedented radiation from the Sun? Does anyone find it interesting that so many cosmic and Earth based events can be correlated? The fact is that Earth is being impacted by something external. Is it reasonable to consider that approaching the galactic equator is affecting the electromagnetic fields of both Earth and the Sun? It certainly seems more plausible than many of the other theories. It doesnt take a genius, climatologist, or any other kind of scientist to see the pattern in the above graph of ice core sample data. Even allowing for a small error of variance, the data shows conclusively that something causes Earth to heat up and cool down in a cyclical pattern. So, why are the governments and their scientist unable to see this pattern in Earths current warming cycle? Does anyone think their scientists are that blind or is it possible they just cant tell people what they know? Is it possible they support the concept that global warming is man-made in order to divert attention from the truth? Not everyone is on the global warming is man-made band wagon, however, it appears that most people are still receiving the majority of their news and information from the mainstream media, and that fact alone means that most people will not received a balance understanding of the facts. The fact is that global warming certainly wasnt caused by humans and may not even be influenced by humans or the burning of fossil fuels. The ice core sample data doesnt support such a theory. In fact, the ice core sample data provides proof that such a theory has no basis in science. We often hear of the so-called scientific proof that global warming is man-made; however, this information is usually delivered by politicians and the media rather than the actual scientists. When was the last time you heard a government scientist get in front of the microphone and provide the results of their research? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body tasked to evaluate the

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risk of climate change caused by human activity. This body employs about 3,000 scientists to research and support their claims that global warming is man-made. And it's openly discussed that many of these 3,000 scientists are not actually scientists at all. This chart shows how all IPCC agendas and reports are filtered by the government three separate times before they are ever published. What we dont ever hear about are the thousands of scientists that vehemently dispute the IPCC conclusions on the basis of real scientific evidence. This conglomerate of scientist has grown in numbered from about 17,000 in 2006 to more than 30,000 in 2009. Included in this group are over 9,000 PhDs. Now compare the 30,000 independent scientists that have concluded that global warming is NOT man-made with the 3,000 government scientists that conclude otherwise. Do you have any thoughts on which group you would tend to believe if you knew there was a choice? Instead of itemizing the proof into why global warming is NOT man-made, check on the internet for videos (Google video - "Global Warming or Global Governance" (120min), YouTube - "BBC: Arctic Melt Time Lapse Nature's Great Events: The Great Melt"). The conclusions from these scientists, using sound research, and actual scientific analysis are staggering and include:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Global warming is a real phenomenon. CO2 is not responsible for global warming. Mankinds influence on global warming is insignificant. Global warming is directly related to emissions from the Sun. The global warming agenda is about money, not science. How the third world is paying for the global warming agenda.

The question then becomes; if CO2 is increasing and is caused by Earth heating up, is the sun really getting hotter? The answer is yes, however, the Sun, like everything else, operates in cycles. The data provided by NASA called Solar Cycles reveals exactly this point. Although these cycles have been predictable for the last 50 years, NASA, NOAA, and ESA are also predicting that Solar Cycle 24, which just started, could be up to 50% stronger than its 'record breaking' predecessor Cycle 23 which produced the largest solar flare ever recorded. One question might be whether scientists have even questioned the possibility of Solar Cycles that my take hundreds, thousands, or millions of year to repeat. If Earths temperature is directly related to the Suns output, then we most certainly have proof of these cycle buried within the ice core data from the Antarctic. Even allowing for a error of variance, the above ice age temperatures graph shows conclusively that something causes Earth to heat up and cool down in a cyclical pattern. The governments and their scientists know that answer. This is why NASA is sent up two new satellites in 2009 to do nothing but monitor the sun. NASA was going to decommissioning the Hubble Telescope in 2010. This certainly means that NASA was going to cut the feed to the general scientific community, but does anyone really believe they will just turn it off? Its more likely they intend on using it to monitor cosmic activities, but just dont want that data getting into the hands of the public.

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This image above provides a visual representation of how the Arctic ice pack has receded exponentially from 2000 to 2007. As you can see from this image, the yellow line represents the median minimum size of the ice pack from the years 1979 to 2000. In 2005, the ice pack shrunk dramatically to a new minimum represented by the blue line. And in 2007, the ice pack shrunk even further as represented by the white area in this image. To further support this visual, lets look at even more recent data of the Arctic ice melt. The right hand image, the older ice is referenced by the dark blue colour. According to calculations from the National Snow and Ice Data Centre, ice older than two years now accounts for less than 10 percent of the Arctic ice pack. From 1987 data on the central Arctic Basin, researchers have concluded that 57 percent of the ice pack was 5 or more years old, and 25 percent of that had been around at least 9 years. By 2007, only 7 percent of the ice was 5 or more years old, and very old ice (at least 9 years) had completely disappeared. Recent reports for 2009 reveal the Arctic ice continues to recede more rapidly that the scientist's ongoing revised calculations. The Arctic Ice is melting at an exponential rate, but the scientists also make a point to state that the Antarctic ice pack has grown slightly. In their attempts to dispel the concept of global warming, scientist somehow correlate an exponential melting in the Arctic with a slight growth in the Antarctic as somehow balancing out. Although the Antarctic ice volume is greater than the Arctic, this is primarily due to the fact that most of the Arctic ice develops over water while most of the Antarctic ice develops over land. The below image provides a comparison between the Arctic and Antarctic. As you can imagine, as Earth and the ocean temperatures increase, the Arctic is affected more directly than the Antarctic.

Some consideration must be given to the scientist assertions that ice in the Arctic is decreasing while ice in the Antarctic is increasing, but how do they account for the fact that glaciers are also melting at the fastest rate ever recorded? The fact is they usually dont discuss the glacial melting in the same breath. The reality is those scientists who promote that global warming is man-made and those who promote that global warming is a myth, only provide data to supports their side of the claims.

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This is nothing new, and in fact, you can say this about most research of any nature. The only way to gain a clearer picture is to assimilate and combine the research from both sides of an issue. Much like a jury in a court case, in order to give justice to any topic, we must hear the facts, weight the evidence, and draw our own conclusions. Weve all heard the back and forth ranting about global warming and the melting ice packs. One day the news says that the Arctic ice pack has built back to historic levels, but what they dont tell you is when summer came, the ice pack receded past all previously recorded low points. They just want you to believe the ice pack was building up because Earth is getting colder. And the reason the Arctic ice recedes more quickly and more severely each year during the warm season is because its no longer a hardened ice pack. Any ice pack that builds up over just a single year isnt the same density as ice that was built up over decades. This means, under current conditions, the Arctic ice pack is melting more rapidly and more deeply during the warm season. Our climate exists in a delicate balance that includes: emissions from the Sun, reflective cloud cover, reflective ice cover, thermal currents in the ocean, heat and ash from volcanic activity, etc. There are signs all around us that this pendulum has swung out of balance. While NASA climate scientists were reviewing radiation data emanating from the tropics simply to test existing notions, they uncovered a phenomenon they were not expecting. They found that progressively more thermal radiation has been escaping the atmosphere above the tropics and progressively less sunlight has been reflecting off of the clouds. A similar phenomenon holds true for ice cover on the planet. More ice cover means more sunlight is reflected and less radiation (heat) is absorbed by the surface of Earth. Conversely, less ice cover means more radiation is absorbed by Earth. Is it, therefore, logical to consider this pattern could become cyclical? In other words, is it possible that as more ice melts, then more radiation is absorbed by our planet and if more radiation is absorbed by our planet, then more ice melts? Its common knowledge that our Sun goes through scientifically observed heating and cooling cycles called solar cycles. This image shows the different heating and cooling periods for the recent solar cycle 23. But is it possible there are other longer-term cycles that, to this point, have gone scientifically unobserved? Absolutely! The ice age core data reveals the possibility of just such cycles. Is it also possible that some cycles are triggered by external cosmic forces that have yet to be discovered? Absolutely! Due to the nature of the question, the answer is neither easy to prove or easy to answer, however, there is some scientific evidence to justify such a theory.

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A Russian scientist by the name of Dr. Aleskey Dmitriev has confirmed just such a possibility. Dr. Aleskey Dmitriev is a Russian professor of geology and mineralogy and the chief scientific member of the United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy within the Siberian department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Dmitriev is an expert on global ecology and fast-processing Earth events. According to Dr. Dmitriev, since 1963, our entire solar system has been changing. His research has found that every planet in our solar system, the sun and even our moon are experiencing increases in energy field, changes in luminosity and even changes in atmosphere. Dr. Dmitriev attributes these changes to the affects of some external force acting on our solar system. In addition to Dr. Dmitrievs research, there are more recent discoveries related to ongoing changes in our solar system. Depending on the specific planet and our ability to observe and measure changes on that planet, these changes could be in the form of either an electromagnetic or geophysical nature. In the case of the Sun, the strength of the heliosphere has been reduced by 25% over the last 10 years. In the case of Mars, the polar ice cap is melting. In the case of Jupiter, a change is occurring in the chemical make up. In the case of Venus, we are seeing storm activity that has never been witnessed before. In with Earth, we are experiencing a weakened electromagnetic field, global warming, and an increase in severe weather, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. Here are a couple possible causes for the observable changes to the Sun, Earth, and our entire solar system. 1. The Sun is going through an internal, natural, and previously unobserved cycle without any external cosmic influence. 2. An external cosmic force, previously unobserved by modern scientists, is acting on the Sun and solar system. We have provided evidence that changes to the Sun and our solar system are possibly being triggered by an external cosmic force, such as a rogue body passing through our solar system or from our solar system aligning with the galactic and celestial equators. However, without further proof, there is the possibility the cause is from an internal, natural, and long-term cycle of the Sun which has never been recorded or observed by modern scientists. The later theory can be supported by the observable cycles in the ice age core sample data. Either theory can be supported by the fact that changes in our solar system have been observed for almost 50 years by scientists such as Dr. Aleskey Dmitriev. For arguments sake, lets consider the theory that these changes are the result of our entire solar system approaching and ultimately aligning with the galactic and celestial equators on December 21, 2012. Besides these direct impacts to both the Sun and Earth, there are many other possible changes that could be triggered by this alignment. One change is the theory that the Sun could become hyper-activated and get much hotter, even larger, during the alignment. Imagine the impact on Earth and other planets if the Sun gets 20% to 30% hotter during the event. Imagine what happens to Earths electromagnetic field from either changes in the Sun and/or the energy being produced by the alignment. Weve discussed the possible changes to the Sun and Earth from the alignment of the galactic and celestial equators, but what about changes to other planets in our solar system? Jupiters atmosphere is often described as a combination of highly charged storms and chemical gases. Recent reports suggest that there are already changes occurring in the chemical composition of Jupiter which scientists dont understand. Is it so hard to imagine that the same energy field that could cause the Sun to get 20% to 30% hotter could also cause a chain reaction that transforms Jupiter? Some prophecy related to the events of 2012 states that Jupiter will be transformed into a blue star. These same prophecies dont provide an explanation of what causes this transformation or give any indication of how its going to occur, then again you may begin to see this becomes a very realistic possibility. Theres more going on during the events surrounding 2012 than just the possibility of the Sun getting 20% to 30% hotter. What happens in the upper atmosphere of Earth from the Suns increased irradiance, the increased radiation from the galaxy, or from the alignment of the galactic and celestial equators? And what if Earth stops rotating and then begins to rotate in the opposite direction? What kind of forces and influences could it have on electromagnetic field and satellite technology? What about EMI (electromagnetic interference) from the geophysical activities on the surface of Earth? Could this result in electrical discharges or arcing energies between objects on Earth and in space?

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Right now, all it takes is a Sun flare to knock out ground-based power grids and cause satellites to fail. We are already seeing this across the planet today. How many times have you gone to use your cell phone only to see there is no signal? Its possible that some of these events are the result of system overloads and ground-based system failures; however, its certain that our power grids and satellites are experiencing more failures as we approach this time in history. There is a video, Part 1 of 5 in a series by National Geographic that describes the science of the Sun and how solar flares affect Earth and can cause failures in our power grids. Whether satellites and power grids fail as a result of the energy field created by the alignment, the increase in radiation from the Sun, or one of the other EMI factors is probably not very important. What may be more important is the affect of solar winds and energy bursts that are likely to damage or destroy anything solar related and most electronics whether on Earth or in orbit. These are likely to be some very high powered energy and radiation fields that expand as they move through space and our solar system. Even if the direct impact from a hyperactive Sun may only affect 50% of Earths surface, the energy field would affect Earths entire electromagnetic field. All GPS and satellite systems require communication and control from ground based systems. Even if some satellites or ground-based electronics manage to survive these events, its still questionable whether anyone on the ground would be able to re-establish communication with anything in orbit. GPS systems also require three satellites in order to triangulate positions and function as a navigation device. This means a GPS would only function after such events if three navigation satellites, from the same network, are still in operational, are still communicating with ground-based systems, and are all operating in your quadrant of space. Hmmm. I wouldnt want to calculate the probability of that occurring.

Extreme Storms & Weather

Weve all heard the theories that global warming is responsible for changes in Earths climate and weather. This doesnt imply that global warming is a man-made phenomenon, but rather that as Earth heats up or cools down, global weather is affected. Somewhat less scientifically accepted is that irradiance from the Sun (i.e. sunspots and solar winds) also affect changes in weather. Sunspots are storms on the suns surface that are marked by intense magnetic activity and play host to solar flares and hot, gassy ejections from the suns corona. Solar wind, according to NASAs Marshall Space Flight Centre, consists of magnetized plasma flares and, in some cases, is linked to sunspots. These winds emanate from the sun and influences galactic rays that may, in turn, affect atmospheric phenomena on Earth, such as cloud cover. But scientists admit that they have much to learn about solar irradiance such as sunspots and solar wind. Many climate scientists agree that sunspots and solar wind could be playing a role in climate change, but the vast majority still attribute Earths warming primarily to man-made carbon emissions. Weve previously discussed how global temperatures are directly related to the Suns emissions with man-made carbon emissions being relatively insignificant. Below is a brief introduction to the 120min movie entitled The Great Global Warming Swindle.

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The conclusions from these scientists, using sound research, and actual scientific analysis are staggering and include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Global warming is a real phenomenon. CO2 is not responsible for global warming. Mankinds influence on global warming is insignificant. Global warming is directly related to emissions from the Sun. 5. The global warming agenda is about money, not science.

The basic summary from the above is that Earths climate changes as the temperature of Earth either goes up or down. From there, the application of deductive reasoning and correlations become quite obvious. When Earth heats up, more water is vaporized into the atmosphere. Water vapour in the atmosphere is a necessary component in the science of cloud formation. Therefore, it doesnt take a climatologist to correlate the relationship between Earth heating up and an increase in atmospheric cloud cover. What will it take for people to understand that 1. Global warming is a real phenomenon. 2. Global temperatures are directly related to irradiance from the Sun. 3. Earths climate is directly related to global temperatures. 4. Our Sun may be completing a 100,000 solar year cycle (as recorded in the Arctic ice core data). The following graph compares Solar Irradiance to changes in Earth's Surface Temperature. From this graph, you can see the relationship between irradiance from the Sun and changes to surface temperatures. From this graph, you can further see that there are three major dips in surface temperature between 1800 and about 1920 that do not track with the solar irradiance. Note that these three cooling periods are the direct influence from volcanic eruptions during the same periods. We will discuss the cooling affects from volcanic eruptions in detail later in this material.

These next two graphs, provided by NASA, display the change in Global Temperatures over the last 150 years along with a breakdown of temperature anomalies for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. As you can see from this data, the Northern Hemisphere is currently experiencing a greater increase in temperature than the Southern Hemisphere.

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The next graph, also from NASA, displays the changes in global ocean temperatures or Heat Content. Notice that the data ends in 2003 as the Heat Content is still increasing exponentially and since 2003, Arctic ice melt appears to be continuing at an exponential rate.

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This next graph breaks down the Global Temperature Anomaly data into Land Temperature changes and Ocean Temperature changes with the combined Land and Ocean Temperature data at the top of the graph. As you can see, virtually all of this climate data is provided by either NASA or NOAA which gives it more credibility. It doesn't take a climatologist to see that a trend is developing, but without other corroborating evidence presented throughout this website, this data could still be written off as simply a statistical probability that can reverse at any moment.

What will it take for people to realize the Sun is going through changes that are affecting land and sea

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temperatures on Earth and that the Antarctic ice core data may reveal several solar cycles of longer duration than the commonly known solar cycles 1-24? When does it become obvious that Earth is heating up and as a result, the Arctic ice is melting, and climate changes are accelerating? Does it also take much of a stretch of imagination to consider that recent reductions in the Suns heliosphere could increase the affects from galactic radiation? Is it possible that all of these factors combined could affect more than just cloud cover and weather?

How many people have heard that the aurora borealis is now being seen further south of the Arctic than ever before? And how many people are even aware of noctilucent clouds or that they are also increasing in visibility? According to Wikipedia.com, noctilucent clouds are tenuous cloud-like phenomena that are the "ragged-edge" of a much brighter and pervasive polar cloud layer called polar mesospheric clouds in the upper atmosphere, visible in a deep twilight. They are made of crystals of water ice. The name means roughly "night shining" in Latin. They are most commonly observed in the summer months at latitudes between 50 and 70 north and south of the equator. They are the highest clouds in the Earth's atmosphere, located in the mesosphere at altitudes of around 76 to 85 kilometres. They are normally too faint to be seen, and are visible only when illuminated by sunlight from below the horizon while the lower layers of the atmosphere are in the Earth's shadow. Noctilucent clouds are not fully understood and are a recently discovered meteorological phenomenon; there is no evidence that they were observed before 1885. Quote from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noctilucent_cloud Noctilucent clouds can form only under very restrictive conditions; their occurrence can be used as a sensitive guide to changes in the upper atmosphere. Since their relatively recent classification, the occurrence of noctilucent clouds appears to be increasing in frequency, brightness and extent. It is theorized that this increase is connected to climate change. Quote from: http://spaceweather.com/ Most people are probably aware that our climate and weather have been fairly predictable for centuries with an understanding of the commonly known solar cycles 1-24. Climatologists and farmers alike have relied on these solar cycles to accurately predict everything from storm activity to growing cycles around the world. (http://williamcalvin.com/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm) If youve been paying attention to the news on global climate activity over the past few decades, then you know that weather events are occurring globally which no longer conform to these well respected solar cycles. In fact, we are witnessing the virtual flip flop of weather patterns across the planet. Whether these anomalies are considered statistical probabilities or not, the fact remains that unusual weather patterns are occurring globally. As you can see from the following graph, the number of reported natural disasters related to weather and climate are skyrocketing. This graph does reference to the obvious fact that increases in event reporting may be due to significant improvements in data gathering. This is certainly true as the computer and internet have made data gathering much more efficient. The part of this graph that may have more relevance is in the lower right-hand corner where you can see that from 1990 to 2000 there has been a noticeable increase in the reporting of climate related disasters.

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We have unusual weather in the Arctic, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, North and South America. This includes: warmer air and ocean temperatures in the Arctic, colder weather and snow in Europe and the Middle East, extreme drought in Australia and many other countries, excessive rain and flooding in yet other countries, an increase in global tornadoes, hail storms and unusual weather throughout North America, and even drying up of the Amazon in South America. So, at what point do the scientists and climatologists consider this unusual? We are seeing new records of both heat and cold throughout the world with no real explanation from climatologists except to blame it on man-made global warming. Since weve already concluded that global warming is not caused by man, the question becomes Are the governments and their scientists deliberately hiding the truth? The answer is most likely a resounding Yes. If we assume the government and their scientists are aware of their own internal data from NOAA, NASA, and other climate related agencies, then they must at least be aware of the increases in extreme weather and the resulting natural disasters. And if we assume they are intelligent, then they must at least be aware of the relationship between these weather related incidents and global warming. The only real question is whether they will ever realize the relationship between global warming and irradiance from the Sun. They have access to the Antarctic ice core data and would only need a basic understanding of science to realize the possible existence of solar cycles other than Solar Cycles 1 24 that recur over thousands and possibly tens of thousands of years.

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Lets take a look at some events on Earth today that are often under-reported and see how they might also affect global temperatures. Since the start of the global warming scare, geologists, climatologists, and scientists from a variety of fields have been collecting data on virtually anything related to the possible causes of global temperature changes. Most of these statistics and graphs are available on government websites such as NOAA or NASA. When you see this data, it begs to ask if anyone is actually analysing this data. The previous graphs on changes in Earth's temperature are both shocking and revealing, but there is more to be revealed. This image displays the various atmospheric levels between Earths surface and the vacuum of space. The air we breathe is in a layer known as the troposphere which extends from the surface of Earth and up to about 10km. The next layer is the stratosphere which extends beyond the troposphere and up to about 50km. As you can see, the ozone layer is contained within the stratosphere and is the layer where most jet traffic resides. This next graph displays how temperatures vary depending on whether you are on the surface of Earth (in the troposphere) or stratosphere (upper atmosphere). This data is interesting as it shows a reverse correlation between temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere. In other words, as temperatures rise on the surface of Earth, temperatures actually get cooler in the upper atmosphere.

If you look closely at the above graph, you can see three red triangles that represent large-scale volcanic eruptions. By now, you may have already figured this out, but look at how these eruptions have directly influenced temperature in both the troposphere and stratosphere. In other words, the volcanic ash from these eruptions caused lower temperatures on Earth's surface, but actually higher temperatures in the upper atmosphere. Besides the obviousness of global warming as depicted in all of these graphs, there are also ground-based natural phenomena which influence Earths surface temperature. No, we're not talking about the burning of fossil fuels here, but what we are going to discuss are real events that have measurable affects on global temperatures. Three of these phenomena are El Nino, La Nina, and volcanic eruptions.

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El Nino is commonly referred to as a warm ocean current that results from warming of the equatorial waters in the Pacific Ocean. This image provides a visual of El Nino's global location and size. The image also shows how the size of El Nino fluctuates from year to year. El Nino events usually occur every 3 to 7 years, and are characterized by shifts in "normal" weather patterns. Basically, as the Pacific Ocean heats up at the equator, El Nino becomes larger, Earth surface temperatures increase, and weather patterns become more extreme. Unlike the El Nino phenomenon, La Nina (the "little girl" in Spanish) refers to the occurrence of unusually cold ocean water in the same geographical area as El Nino, i.e. along the Pacific coast of South America and in the equatorial Pacific zone. This phenomenon is due to strengthening of the trade winds that increase the flow of colder water along the coast. The following graph displays the probability of the occurrence of El Nino and La Nina from July 2009 through April 2010. Although this is not over significant as an indication of a trend, off to the right hand side of this graph, you can see that the Historical Probability for El Nino and La Nina are virtually the same. In other words, throughout historic data gathering, it has been seen that El Nino and La Nina occur equally as often; however, this data only reflects the frequency of these events. What it doesn't represent is any changes in intensity of El Nino and La Nina. In other words, since ocean and global temperatures are increasing, it's highly likely that the periods of El Nino are becoming more severe over time while the periods of La Nina are becoming less severe.

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Its obvious from the following image and the news surrounding global warming that the scientific community understands the relationship between Earths ocean temperatures and changes in climate, however, it appears they are still missing the actual cause of rising global temperatures.

Volcanic activity across the planet may be a little more news worthy than El Nino or La Nina, but how many people have seen real statistics that volcanic eruptions have increased over the recent years? From the below graph, you can see a measurable increase in volcanic activity over recent times. Maybe it takes some time before recent data gets published, but like most of the data revolving around natural events that can influence global warming, the data in this graph stops in early 2000. It would be interesting to see how the graph has changed with more recent data.

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Now lets look at how these, seemingly natural, phenomenon directly or indirectly affect global temperatures. The following graph display the relationship between Earths surface temperature and the affects of large El Nino cycles and large volcanic eruptions combined.

As you can easily see from this graph, Earths temperature cools as a direct result of large volcanic eruptions and also heats up as a direct result of large El Nino cycles. But if you look more closely at this data, you may see something that is even more interesting. Look at how the volcanic eruptions have actually counter-balanced the affects of El Nino in various periods. In other words, without the surface cooling that occurred from volcanic eruptions, the increase in temperature from El Nino would have been even more severe. In fact, this data shows

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that the volcanic eruptions are actually helping to keep Earth cool and in some cases even reduced, limited, or eliminated the affects of El Nino. Thats certainly something you dont hear being discussed when climatologists or the media talk about global warming, but it reveals the fragility of Earths climate. This data confirms climatologist assertions that large volcanic eruptions do alter Earths temperature for periods of years even after the eruptions. From the following graph, you can see that even one large volcanic eruption can affect global temperature for several years and lower the global temperature by up to .4 degrees centigrade.

This graph shows that, by removing the affects of El Nino from the global temperature data, a large volcanic eruption can actually result in lowering the global temperature by up to .8 degrees centigrade. If you look closely at this graph, you can also see that without the affects of El Nino, global temperature changes would be nominal and there would be no concern over global warming. Now look at what happens when you remove the cooling data that is caused by volcanic eruptions from the same global temperature change data. This graph reveals something even more alarming. This graph shows that global warming is accelerating more rapidly and is more relevant than we have been told.

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From all of this data, the conclusion can be drawn that heating of the oceans and volcanic activity affect global temperatures and these temperature fluctuations, in turn, alter global weather patterns. Some of these weather related events include: sever thunderstorms, altered growing seasons, continental drought, floods, altered rainfall, tornados, hurricanes, typhoons, freak hail storms, etc.

It is commonly accepted that ocean temperatures are one of the main sources of climate change. Although the below data does show an increase in historic hurricane activity, many climatologist might respond by implying these are statistical anomalies that can be explained. Depending on how you interpret the following data, there

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does appear to be a significant increase in the total number of tropical storms annually, a slight increase in the number of tropical storms that qualify as hurricanes, but only a nominal increase the hurricane severity. These interpretations of the below data are exactly why the apparent and observable increase in hurricane activity due to rising ocean temperatures, global warming, and other causal effects are so easily disputed by climatologist and other scientists

There is, however, data to confirm a significant increase in the number of annual tornadoes. A majority (77%) of the world's tornadoes occur in the United States where they currently number approximately 1,200 annually, however, this was not always the case. In fact, until just recently, it was widely acknowledge that the annual number of tornadoes in the US was closer to 700. Although most tornadoes only last a few minutes and travel a few kilometres, some have been know to last longer and travel over a 160 km. The following graph from NOAA shows the dramatic increase in tornado activity over the last 50 years and even more so in the last 15 years.

From all the above data and graphs, you can see that Earths climate and weather is fragile and is influenced by

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everything from the Sun, ocean temperatures, and volcanic activity, but what are the consequences besides global warming? In other words, how do global warming, extreme weather, and other natural disasters affect our infrastructure, specifically our power grids? We've all heard the rumours and speculation that sun spots cause failures in power grids. We've all read the governments explanation on what caused a power grid failure and they're quick to blame it on human error rather than from the Sun or other natural event. The below graph reveals just how vulnerable our power grids are to weather extremes and other natural disasters. Although this graph still doesn't take into consideration irradiance from the Sun, it does provide a chilling look at our exposure to social disruption.

SOURCE: US Global Change Research Program Now let's consider what happens if we add the possible cataclysmic geological and cosmic events surrounding 2012 onto this already fragile climate picture? What happens to the climate if the Sun irradiance increases by 20% 30% in a matter of days? What happens if we experience a large number of volcanoes erupting simultaneously? To be honest, either of these two possible events are just what could trigger Earth to enter its next ice age. And by the ice core data graph below, its an ice age that is imminent rather than just probable.

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Throughout history, prophets from around the world have written about a time such as those we live in today, but more importantly, those that we appear to be moving into. Nostradamus, Edgar Casey, the Bible, and numerous other sources have all predicted a time of extreme weather, changing climates, altered growing seasons, global drought, worldwide famine, devastating floods, etc. Even without the cataclysmic events surrounding 2012, Earth is rapidly approaching these predictions. The question now becomes what kind of weather anomalies can we expect in the years leading up to and during the events surrounding 2012? Even if no catastrophic events occurred in 2012, you can be certain that global warming and weather extremes will continue to increase in relationship to the Suns irradiance, a diminished heliosphere, and Earths weakening electromagnetic field.

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