1.

(a)

(i) Distinguish between EACH of the following pairs of terms: a) Solidification and fusion b) Condensation and Vaporization (ii) Describe FULLY the process of sublimation (4 marks) (2 marks)

(b)

For the changes of state mentioned in a) and b) above to take place energy must be added to or removed from a substance. Give the general name for this type of energy and state what happens to the temperature during these processes. (2 marks)

(c) A student laced 70g of ate at 28 oC in a freezer. After 6 minutes and 1 second the water was Transformed to ice Calculate: (i) the heat energy transferred from the water during the temperature change

(4 marks)

(ii) the latent heat of solidification, given that 23200 J if heat energy was transferred during the change of State (3 marks) (iii) The rate of heat energy transfer for the entire process. (5 marks) (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 K-1) Total 20 marks

2. (a) State, in words, Newtons three Laws of Motion.

(8 marks)

(b) The Boeing 737 800 aircraft can accelerate from rest to a takeoff speed 300 km hr-1 in 25 seconds. Calculate in m s-2 the value if thus accelerating, assuming it to be constant. (5 marks)

(c)

(i) The aircraft has a mass of 6 x 104 kg two identical jet engines provide a thrusting force. Calculate the magnitude if the thrusting force needed to give the aircraft the acceleration calculated in part (b). Hence find the corresponding thrust for EACH engine.

(ii) The thrust calculated in (i) is a theoretical value. Suggest a reason why this thrust if is

applied IN PRACTICE would NOT provide the expected acceleration. (iii) The mass of aircraft was increased by loading additional passengers and luggage. How could this affect the time taken to reach take-off speed? (7 marks) Total 20 marks

3. (a) With the aid of a labeled diagram, explain how you would observe Brownian motion. (8 marks)

(b) Use the Kinetic Theory of Matter to explain (i) (ii) The Pressure Law How a drop of blue ink placed in a container of pure water eventually spreads out to occupy the entire volume. (7 marks)

(c) Mr. Shah decided to do some measurements on one of his motor car tyres. The temperature of the air in the tyre was found to be 20 oC and the pressure was 200 kPa above atmospheric pressure. After driving for a few kilometres, he again measured the air pressure of the tyre and found it to be 240 kPa above atmospheric pressure. (i) What was the final temperature of the air in the tyre, assuming that the volume of the tyre constant? (5 marks) Total 20 marks

(ii) What other assumption is necessary for your calculation to be valid? (Atmospheric pressure = 100kPa)

4. (a)

(i) State Archimedes principle.

(2) Describe with the aid of a diagram a laboratory experiment to verify this principle. (8 marks) (b) A block of volume 2 x 10-4 m3 and density 104 kg m-3 is suspended from a spring balance and fully immersed in a liquid of density 103 kg m-3. (i) a) Calculate the weight of the block and the upthrust on it when it is fully immersed in the liquid. c) Use your results to determine the reading of the spring balance when the block is fully immersed in the liquid. (i i) What is the density of the resulting liquid if 1 litre of the above liquid is completely mixed with 2 litres of another liquid of density 900 kg m-3? (g, acceleration of gravity = 10 ms-2). (12 marks) Total 20 marks

5. This question is about some of the physical properties involved in scuba diving. Scuba divers breathe air from steel tanks carried on their backs. The tanks contain air at a pressure of 2.0 x 107 Pa. At atmospheric pressure, this air would occupy a volume of 2.5 m3. (a) Explain, in the terms of the kinetic theory of gases: (i) How the air exerts a pressure on the inside of the steel tank (ii) Why the pressure in the tank increases when the tank is left out in the sun (iii) Why the pressure inside the tank decreases as air is released (b) Determine the volume of the air when inside the tank at a pressure of 2.0 x 107 Pa.

( 8 marks) (3 marks)

(c) When the tank is in the sun, the temperature of the air inside reaches 40 oC and its pressure is 2.1 x 107 Pa. Under the water, the temperature of this air goes down to 10 oC . (i) Assuming that the volume of the tank does not change when it is underwater, determine the pressure of the air in the tank, when it is underwater. (4 marks) (ii) Express the change in the air pressure, when the tank is underwater, as a percentage of the air in the tank is in the sun. (1 mark) (d) Because of increasing pressure with depth underwater, there is a limit to the depth to whicha scuba diver can safely go. Calculate the total pressure exerted on a diver who is 24m under the surface. (4 marks) DATA: Density of water g. = 1.0 x 103 kg m-3 = 10 N kg -1

Atmospheric pressure = 1 x 105 Pa 0 oC = 273 K Total 20 marks