Ch18 SM

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
Solutions Manual
Nuclear Chemistry
Practice Problems A
1. Given: 218Po 4 He + ? 84 2 mass number: 218 4 = 214 atomic number: 84 2 = 82 ?= 2. Given: 142Pm + ? 61
142 60Nd 214 82Pb
mass number: 142 142 = 0 atomic number: 60 61 = 1 ?=

0 1 e
3. Given: 253Es + 4 He 99 2 1 0n + ?
mass number: 253 + 4 1 = 256 atomic number: 99 + 2 0 = 101 ?=

256 101Md
Homework, TE p. 653
1. Given: 222Rn 86
218 84Po
+?
mass number: 222 218 = 4 atomic number: 86 84 = 2 ? = 4He 2
2. Given: 87Rb 37
87 38Sr
+?

0 1e
3. Given: 188Au 79
188 78Pt
+?

0 +1e
4. Given: 37Ar + 18
0 1e
mass number: 37 + 0 = 37 atomic number: 18 + (1) = 17 ? = 37Cl 17
5. Given: 28Al ? + 13
0 1e
mass number: 28 0 = 28 atomic number: 13 (1) = 14

28 ? = 14Si
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Solutions Manual Holt Program Title
S-1
Nuclear Chemistry Chapter Title
Solutions Manual continued

6. Given: 57Co + ? 57Fe 27 26 mass number: 57 57 = 0 atomic number: 26 27 = 1 ?= 7. Given: 243Am ? + 4He 95 2
0 1e
mass number: 243 4 = 239 atomic number: 95 2 = 93 ? = 239Np 93
8. Given: 125Ba ? + 56
0 +1e
mass number: 125 0 = 125 atomic number: 56 1 = 55 ? = 125Cs 55
9. Given: ? 61Ni + 28
0 +1e
mass number: 61 + 0 = 61 atomic number: 28 + 1 = 29

61 ? = 29Cu
10. Given: ? +
0 1e
82Rb 37
mass number: 82 0 = 82 atomic number: 37 (1) = 38 ?=

82 38Sr
11. Given: ? 226Th + 4He 90 2
mass number: 226 + 4 = 230 atomic number: 90 + 2 = 92 ? = 230U 92
12. Given: ? 198 Hg + 80
0 1e
mass number: 198 + 0 = 198 atomic number: 80 + (1) = 79 ?=

198 79Au
Section 2 Review
5. a. Given: 233U 4 He + ? 92 2 mass number: 233 4 = 229 atomic number: 92 2 = 90 ?= b. Given: 66Cu ? + 29
0 1 e 229 90Th
mass number: 66 0 = 66 atomic number: = 29 (1) = 30 ?=

66 30Zn
S-2

c. Given: 9 Be + 4 He 4 2
13 6C
1n + ? 0
13 6C

12 6C
d. Given: 238U + 1 n ? 92 0 0 ? 21e + 239Pu 94
mass number: 238 + 1 = 239 atomic number: 92 + 0 = 92 ?=

239 92U
3 1 6. Given: 2 2He 2 1H + ?
mass number: [2(3) 2(1)] = 6 2 = 4 atomic number: [2(2) 2(1)] = 4 2 = 2 ? = 4 He 2
Practice Problems B
1. Given: half-life of radium-226 = 1599 years Unknown: number of years needed 15 for decay of 6 1 of a given amount of radium-226 2. Given: half-life of radon-222 = 3.824 days Unknown: time needed 1 for 4 of a given amount of radon-222 to remain 3. Given: half-life of polonium-218 = 3.0 min starting mass of polonium-218 = 16 mg Unknown: length of time before 1.0 mg of polonium-218 remains amount remaining = 1 = 1 4; 4 half-lives 16 2
years needed for decay of 15 = (1599 years)(4) = 6396 years 16
number of half-lives:
1 = 1 2; 2 half-lives 4 2
days needed for 3 to decay = (3.824 days)(2) = 7.648 days 4
amount remaining =
1 = 1 4; 4 half-lives 16 2
time until 1.0 mg remains = (3.0 min)(4) = 12 min
S-3
Solutions Manual continued Homework, TE p. 660

1. Given: half-life of carbon-14 = 5715 years C-14/C-12 ratio in fossil is 312 of the ratio found in living substances today Unknown: age of fossil 2. Given: half-life of carbon-14 = 5715 years C-14/C-12 ratio in fossil is 11 of the 28 ratio found in living substances today Unknown: age of fossil number of half-lives: 1 = 1 5; 5 half-lives 2 32 age of fossil = (5715 years)(5) = 28 580 years
number of half-lives:
1 = 1 7; 7 half-lives 2 128 age of fossil = (5715 years)(7) = 40 000 years
Practice Problems C
1. Given: orig. mass of 210 Po = 2.0 mg half-life of 210Po = 138.4 days Unknown: mass remaining after 415.2 days 2. Given: half-life of 226Ra = 1599 years orig. mass of 226Ra = 0.250 g Unknown: mass remaining after 4797 years 3. Given: half-life of radium-224 = 3.66 days mass remaining after 7.32 days = 0.0800 g Unknown: original mass of radium-224 number of half-lives: (415.2 days) mass of
210
1 half-life = 3 half-lives 138.4 days

3
Po remaining = (2.0 mg) 1 2
= 0.25 mg
number of half-lives = (4797 years) mass remaining = (0.250 g) 1 2

3
1 half-life = 3 half-lives 1599 years
= 0.0312 g
number of half-lives = (7.32 days) x = original mass (x) 1 2

2
= 0.0800 g
2
x = (0.0800 g) 2 1
= 0.32 g
S-4
Solutions Manual continued Homework, TE p. 662

1. Given: t = t ln2
1 2
t t = ln2 ln(1 + 0.850)

1 2
ln 1 + Ar-40 K- 40 t = age of sample t = half-life of potassium-40 = 1.28 109 years Ar-40 = 0.850 K- 40 Unknown: age of rock
1 2
t=
1.28 109 years (6.15 101) = 1.14 109 years 6.93 101
2. Given: t =
t ln2
1 2
t= t=
t ln(1 + 7.30) ln2

1 2
ln 1 + Ar-40 K- 40 t = age of sample t = half-life of potassium-40 = 1.28 109 years Ar-40 = 7.30 K- 40 Unknown: age of rock
1 2
1.28 109 years 2.12 = 3.91 109 years 6.93 101
Section 3 Review
5. Given: radioactive isotope Unknown: fraction of original sample remaining after 3 half-lives 6. Given: mass remaining of 222 Rn = 5.2 108 g time elapsed = 11.46 days Unknown: number of half-lives passed original mass of 222Rn fraction remaining = 1 2
3
= 1 8
half-life of
222
Rn = 3.82 days
number of half-lives = (11.46 days) 1 half-life ; 3 half-lives 3.82 days x = original mass x 1 2
3
= 5.2 108 g
3
x = (5.2 108 g) 2 1 = 4.16 107
7. Given: half-life of protactinium-234 = 6.69 h Unknown: fraction remaining after 26.76 h
number of half-lives = (26.76 h)
1 half-life ; 4 half-lives 6.69 h

4
fraction remaining after 4 half-lives = 1 2
= 1 16
S-5

8. Given: half-life of thorium-227 = 18.72 days Unknown: length of 3 time for 4 of a given amount to decay amount remaining = 1 = 1 2; 2 half-lives 4 2
length of time for decay = (18.72 days)(2) = 37.44 days
Chapter Review
30. Given: 238U 4 He + ? 92 2 mass number: 238 4 = 234 atomic number: 92 2 = 90 ?= 31. Given: 43K 19
43 20Ca 234 90Th
+?

0 1 e
32. Given: 222Rn 4 He + ? 86 2
mass number: 222 4 = 218 atomic number: = 86 2 = 84 ?=

218 84Po
33. Given: 235U 4 He + a 92 2 0 a 1 e + b b 4 He + c 2 0 c 1 e + d d 4 He + f 2 f 4 He + g 2 g 4 He + h 2 h 4 He + j 2 0 j 1 e + k 0 k 1 e + l 4 l 2 He + 207Pb 82 Unknown: a-l
a: mass number: 235 4 = 231 atomic number: 92 2 = 90 a=

231 90Th
235 92U
231 90Th
+ 4 He 2
b: mass number: 231 0 = 231 atomic number: 90 (1) = 91 b=

231 91Pa
231 90Th
231 91Pa
0 1 e
c: mass number: 231 4 = 227 atomic number: 91 2 = 89 c=

227 89 Ac
231 91Pa
227 89 Ac
+ 4 He 2
S-6

d: mass number: 227 0 = 227 atomic number: 89 (1) = 90 d=
227 90Th
227 89 Ac
227 90Th
0 1 e
f: mass number: 227 4 = 223 atomic number: 90 2 = 88 f=

223 88Ra
227 90Th
223 88Ra
+ 4 He 2
g: mass number: 223 4 = 219 atomic number: 88 2 = 86 g=

219 86Rn
223 88Ra
219 86Rn
+ 4 He 2
h: mass number: 219 4 = 215 atomic number: 86 2 = 84 h=

215 84Po
219 86 Rn
215 84 Po
+ 4 He 2
j: mass number: 215 4 = 211 atomic number: 84 2 = 82 j=

211 82Pb
215 84 Po
211 82Pb
+ 4 He 2
k: mass number: 211 0 = 211 atomic number: 82 (1) = 83 k=

211 83Bi
211 82Pb
211 83Bi
0 1 e
l: mass number: 211 0 = 211 atomic number: 83 (1) = 84 l=

211 84 Po
211 83Bi
211 84 Po
0 1 e
mass number: 211 4 = 207 atomic number: 84 2 = 82 =

207 82Pb
211 84 Po
207 82Pb
+ 4 He 2
S-7

0 34. Given: a. 239Np 1e + ? 93 b. 9Be + 4 He ? 4 2 c. 32P + ? 33P 15 15 d. 236U 94Kr + 92 36 ? + 31 n 0
a. mass number: 239 0 = 239 atomic number: 93 (1) = 94 ?=

239 94Pu
b. mass number: 9 + 4 = 13 atomic number: 4 + 2 = 6 ?=

13 6C
c. mass number: 33 32 = 1 atomic number: 15 15 = 0 ? = 1n 0 d. mass number: 236 94 3 = 139 atomic number: 92 36 0 = 56 ?= 35. Given: a. 187Re + ? 75 188 1 75Re + 1H 9 4 b. 4Be + 2 He ? + 1n 0 22 c. 11Na + ? 22Ne 10
139 56Ba
a. mass number: 188 + 1 187 = 2 atomic number: 75 + 1 75 = 1 ? = 2H 1 b. mass number: 9 + 4 1 = 12 atomic number: 4 + 2 0 = 6 ?=
12 6C
c. mass number: 22 22 = 0 atomic number: 10 11 = 1 ?= 37. Given: orig. mass of copper-64 = 26.00 g mass remaining after 64 hours = 0.8125 g Unknown: half-life of copper-64
0 1 e n
number of half-lives : (26.00 g)
1 2 1 2
= 0.8125 g = 0.8125 g 26.00 g 0.8125 26.00
log 1 2
= log
n log 1 = log(0.03125) 2 n= half-life = 64 hours = 12.8 hours 5 half-lives log(0.03125) =5 log(0.5)
38. Given: half-life of thorium-234 = 24.10 days Unknown: length of 15 time for 6 1 of 52.0 g of thorium-234 to decay
amount remaining =
1 = 1 4; 4 half-lives 16 2
length of time for 15 to decay = 4(24.10 days) = 96.40 days 16
S-8

39. Given: half-life of carbon-14 = 5715 y Unknown: length of time 1 for of 2 sample to decay 40. Given: half-life of radon-222 = 3.8 days starting mass of radon-222 = 4.38 g Unknown: amount remaining after 15.2 days 41. Given: orig. mass of 226 Ra = 0.250 g half-life of 226Ra = 1599 years Unknown: mass remaining after 4797 years 42. Given: half-life of cobalt-60 = 10.47 min orig. mass of cobalt-60 = 10.0 mg Unknown: mass remaining after 104.7 min 43. Given: a. 235U 92 b. 16O 8 c. 56Fe 26 d. 156Nd 20 Unknown: neutron-proton ratio amount remaining = 1 ; 1 half-life 2 length of time for 1 of a given amount to decay = 1(5715 y) 2 = 5715 y
number of half-lives = (15.2 days) 1 half-life = 4 half-lives 3.8 days

4 mass remaining = 1 (4.38 g) = 0.274 g 2
number of half-lives = (4797 years) mass remaining = (0.450 g) 1 2

3
= 0.056 g
number of half-lives = (104.7) mass remaining = (10.0 mg) 1 2
1 half-life = 10 half-lives 0.47 min

10
= 9.77 103 mg
a.
235 92U
= 92 protons, 143 neutrons
ratio = 143 = 1.55:1 92 b.

16 8O
ratio = 8 = 1:1 8 c.
56 26 Fe
ratio = 30 = 1.15:1 26 d.
156 60Nd
ratio = 96 = 1.6:1 60
S-9

44. Given: atomic mass of 238 92U = 238.050 784 amu Unknown: binding energy number of neutrons = 238 92 = 146
238 92U
= 92(1.007276 47 amu) + 146(1.008 664 90 amu) = 239.9345 106 amu
mass defect = (239.9345 106 amu) (238.050 784 amu) = 1.883 726 64 amu binding energy: E = mc2 = [(1.883 726 64 amu)(1.6605 1027 kg/amu)] (3.00 108 m/s)2 = 2.81 1010 J 10 binding energy per nucleon: 2.81 10 J = 1.18 1012 J/nucleon 238 nucleons 45. Given: binding energy for 56Fe = 7.89 26 1011 J Unknown: mass lost E = mc2 m= E c2 7.89 1011(kg m2/s2) = (3.00 108 m/s)2 = 8.77 1028 kg 47. Given: iodine-131 Unknown: nuclear equation for beta emission 48. Given: 232 Th 90 Unknown: nuclear equations for alpha emission, beta emission, beta emission, and alpha emission 49. Given: half-life of radium-224 = 3.66 days mass remaining after 7.32 days = 0.0500 g Unknown: orig. mass of radium-224
131 53I
131 54 Xe
0 1 e
232 90 Th 228 88 Ra 228 89 Ac 228 90 Th
4 He + 2
0 1 e 0 1 e
228 88 Ra
+ +
228 89 Ac 228 90 Th 224 88 Ra
4 He + 2
number of half-lives: = (7.32 days) x = original mass x 1 2

2
= 0.0500 g
2
x = (0.0500 g) 2 1
= 0.200 g
S-10

50. Given: orig. mass of radium-226 = 15.0 mg half-life of radium-226 = 1599 years Unknown: mass remaining after 6396 year 51. Given: mass of 7Li atom = 3 7.01600 amu Unknown: mass defect number of half-lives: = (6396 years) mass remaining = (15.0 mg) 1 2
4
= 0.938 mg
nucleus = 3(mass of proton) + 4(mass of neutron) = 3(1.007 276 47 amu) + 4(1.008 664 90 amu) = 7.056 489 01 amu mass defect = (total mass of separate nucleons) (mass of lithium nucleus) = 7.056489 amu 7.01600 amu = 0.04049 amu per atom
7 3Li
53. Given: half-life of uranium-238 = 4.46 109 y Unknown: length of time for 7 of 8 sample to decay 54. Given: 157 Yb 4 He + ? 70 2
amount remaining =
1 = 1 3; 3 half-lives 8 2
length of time for decay = (4.46 109 y)(3) = 1.34 1010 y
mass number: 157 4 = 153 atomic number: 70 2 = 68 ? = 153 Er 68 number of half-lives = (40.2 days) 1 half-life = 5 half-lives 8.02 days
5
55. Given: half-life of iodine-131 = 8.02 days Unknown: percentage of original sample remaining after 40.2 days 56. Given: mass of 20Ne atom 10 = 19.992 44 amu Unknown: mass defect
fraction remaining after 5 half-lives = 1 2 percentage remaining = 1 100 = 3% 32
= 1 32
20 10Ne
nucleus = 10(mass of proton) + 10(mass of neutron) = 10(1.007 276 47 amu) + 10(1.008 664 90 amu) = 20.159 413 7 amu
mass defect = (total mass of separate nucleons) (mass of neon nucleus) = 20.159 413 7 amu 19.992 44 amu = 0.166 97 amu per atom
S-11

57. Given: atomic mass of 6 3Li = 6.015 amu Unknown: nuclear binding energy number of neutrons = 6 3 = 3 = 3(1.007 276 47 amu) + 3(1.008 664 90 amu) = 6.047 824 11 amu mass defect = (6.047 824 11 amu) (6.015 amu) = 0.033 amu
6 3Li
binding energy: E = mc2 = [(0.033 amu)(1.6605 1027 kg/amu)] (3.00 108 m /s)2 = 4.9 1012 J 58. Given: 210Pb 82
0 1e
+?
mass number: 210 0 = 210 atomic number: 82 (1) = 83 ? = 210 Bi 83 3 4 to determine half-lives, n, use logarithms 3 = 1 n= 1 4 2n 2 amount remaining = 2n = 4 3 log(2n) = nlog2 = log 4 3 n(0.3010) = 0.1249 n = 0.1249 = 0.4150 half-lives 0.3010 365 d number of days = (0.4150)(5.25 y) = 795 days 1y 1 = 1 4; 4 half-lives amount remaining = 16 2 half-life = 80 = 20 min 4
59. Given: half-life of element X = 5.25 years Unknown: number of days for 1 of 4 given amount to decay
64. Given: fraction of Fr-212 sample remaining after 80 min = 1 16 Unknown: half-life of Fr-212 66. Given: half-life of Cs-138 = 32.2 min Unknown: time required for 3 of 4 sample to decay 67. Given: length of time for 7 of a sample of 8 Cs-135 to decay = 6 106 y Unknown: half-life of Cs-135
amount remaining =
1 = 1 2; 2 half-lives 4 2 length of time for decay = (32.2 min)(2) = 64.4 min
1 1 3; 3 half-lives amount remaining = = 8 2 6 half-life = 6 10 y = 2 106 y 3
S-12

68. Given: C-14/C-12 ratio in mask is 1 of the 16 ratio found in a newly fallen tree half-life of C-14 = 5715 years Unknown: age of mask 69. Given: half-life of 3 1H = 12.3 y Unknown: length of time for 7 of 8 sample to decay 70. Given: Sm-149 decays by alpha-particle emission 149 4 62Sm 2He + ? 1 = 1 4; 4 half-lives 16 2 age of mask = (5715 years)(4) = 22 860 years number of half-lives =
amount remaining =
1 = 1 3; 3 half-lives 8 2 length of time for decay = (12.3 y)(3) = 36.9 y
mass number: 149 4 = 145 atomic number: 62 2 = 60 ? = 145 Nd 60
Standardized Test Prep

5. Given: time elapsed = 87.3 years fraction of Sr-90 1 remaining = 8 Unknown: half-life of Sr-90
3 number of half-lives = 1 = 1 ; 3 half-lives 8 2
half-life of Sr-90 = 87.3 years = 29.1 years 3
Problem Bank
1. Given: measured atomic mass of 20 Ne = 10 19.992 44 amu Unknown: mass defect 10 protons: (10 1.007 276 amu) = 10.072 76 amu 10 neutrons: (10 1.008 665 amu) = 10.086 65 amu 10 electrons: (10 0.000 5486 amu) = 0.005 486 amu total combined mass: 20.164 90 amu mass defect = 20.164 90 amu 19.992 44 amu = 0.172 46 amu
S-13

2. Given: measured atomic mass of 7Li = 3 7.016 00 amu Unknown: mass defect 3 protons: (3 1.007 276 amu) = 3.021 828 amu 4 neutrons: (4 1.008 665 amu) = 4.034 660 amu 3 electrons: (3 0.000 5486 amu) = 0.001 646 amu total combined mass: 7.058 134 amu mass defect = 7.058 134 amu 7.016 00 amu = 0.042 13 amu 3. Given: measured atomic mass of 6Li = 3 6.015 amu Unknown: nuclear binding energy 3 protons: (3 1.007 276 amu) = 3.021 828 amu 3 neutrons: (3 1.008 665 amu) = 3.025 995 amu 3 electrons: (3 0.000 5486 amu) = 0.001 646 amu total combined mass: 6.049 469 amu mass defect = 6.049 469 amu 6.015 amu = 0.034 469 amu = (0.034 469 amu) = 5.7235 1029 kg E = mc2 = (5.7235 1029 kg)(3.00 108 m/s)2 = 5.15 1012 kg m2/s2 = 5.2 1012 J 1.6605 1027 kg 1 amu
S-14

4. Given: measured atomic mass of 35 K = 19 34.988 011 amu Unknown: nuclear binding energy for the nucleus 19 protons: (19 1.007 276 amu) = 19.138 24 amu 16 neutrons: (16 1.008 665 amu) = 16.138 64 amu 19 electrons: (19 0.000 5486 amu) = 0.010 42 amu total combined mass: 35.287 30 amu mass defect = 35.287 30 amu 34.988 011 amu = 0.299 29 amu = (0.299 29 amu) 1.6605 1027 kg 1 amu
= 4.9697 1028 kg E = mc2 = (4.9697 1028 kg)(3.00 108 m/s)2 = 4.47 1011 kg m2/s2 = 4.47 1011 J 5. Given: measured atomic mass of 23 Na = 11 22.989 767 amu Unknown: nuclear binding energy for the nucleus 11 protons: (11 1.007 276 amu) = 11.080 04 amu 12 neutrons: (12 1.008 665 amu) = 12.103 98 amu 11 electrons: (11 0.000 5486 amu) = 0.006 035 amu total combined mass: 23.190 05 amu mass defect = 23.190 05 amu 22.989 767 amu = 0.200 28 amu = (0.200 28 amu) 1.6605 1027 kg 1 amu
= 3.3256 1028 kg E = mc2 = (3.3256 1028 kg)(3.00 108 m/s)2 = 2.99 1011 kg m2/s2 = 2.99 1011 J
S-15

6. Given: nuclear binding energy of 35 K = 19 4.47 1011 J Unknown: binding energy per nucleon 7. Given: nuclear binding energy of 23 Na = 11 2.99 1011 J Unknown: binding energy per nucleon 8. Given: measured atomic mass of 238U = 92 238.050 784 amu Unknown: binding energy per nucleon
35 19K:
4.47 1011 J 35 nucleons
= 1.28 1012 J
23 11 Na:
2.99 1011 J 23 nucleons
= 1.30 1012 J
92 protons: (92 1.007 276 amu) = 92.669 39 amu 146 neutrons: (146 1.008 665 amu) = 147.265 1 amu 92 electrons: (92 0.000 548 6 amu) = 0.05047 amu total combined mass: 239.984 9 amu mass defect = 239.984 9 amu 238.050 784 amu = 1.934 1 amu = (1.934 1 amu) 1.6605 1027 kg 1 amu
= 3.2116 1027 kg E = mc2 = (3.2116 1027 kg)(3.00 108 m/s)2 = 2.89 1010 kg m2/s2 = 2.89 1010 J binding energy/nucleon
10 J = 2.89 10 238 nucleons
= 1.21 1012 J/nucleon 9. Given: nuclear binding energy of 56Fe = 26 7.89 1011 J Unknown: amount of mass lost in kg E = mc2 m = E/c2 = 7.89 1011 J (3.00 108 m/s)2
= 8.77 1028 kg
S-16

10. Given: measured atomic mass of deuterium = 2.0140 amu Unknown: binding energy for 1 mole of deuterium atoms deuterium = 2H 1 1 proton: (1 1.007 276 amu) = 1.007 276 amu 1 neutron: (1 1.008 665 amu) = 1.008 665 amu 1 electron: (1 0.000 548 6 amu) = 0.000 548 6 amu total combined mass: 2.016 4896 amu mass defect = 2.016 4896 amu 2.014 0 amu = 0.002 489 6 amu = (0.002 489 6 amu) = 4.1339 1030 kg E = mc2 = (4.1339 1030 kg)(3.00 108 m/s)2 = 3.72 1013 kg m2/s2 = 3.72 1013 J binding energy per mol = (3.72 1013 J/atom) (6.022 1023 atoms/mol) = 2.24 1011 J/mol 11. Given: 43 K 19
43 20Ca
1.6605 1027 kg 1 amu
Mass number: 43 43 = 0 atomic number: 19 20 = 1 ?=

0 1 e
12. Given: 233U 92
229 90 Th
+ ?
mass number: 233 229 = 4 atomic number: 92 90 = 2 ? = 4 He 2
13. Given: 11 C + 6
11 5B

0 1 e
S-17

14. Given: 13N 7
0 +1 e

13 6C
15. Given: 210 Po 84 Unknown: the nuclear equation for the release of an alpha particle by 210 84 Po 16. Given: 210 Pb 82 Unknown: the nuclear equation for the release of a beta particle by 210 Pb 82 17. Given: 239Np 93
0 1e
mass number: 210 4 = 206 atomic number: 84 2 = 82

206 82Pb 210 84 Po
4 He + 2
206 82Pb
Mass number: 210 0 = 210 atomic number: 82 (1) = 83

210 83 Bi
210 82 Pb
0 1e
210 83 Bi
mass number: 239 0 = 239 atomic number : 93 (1) = 94 ?=

239 94 Pu
18. Given: 9 Be + 4 He 4 2
mass number: 9 + 4 = 13 atomic number: 4 + 2 = 6 ?=

13 6C
19. Given: 32P + 15
33 15 P
mass number: 33 32 = 1 atomic number: 15 15 = 0 ? = 1n 0
20. Given: 236U 92
94 36 Kr
+ + 31n 0
mass number: 236 94 3 = 139 atomic number: 92 36 0 = 56 ?=

139 56Ba
21. Given: original mass of radon-222 = 4.38 g half-life of radon-222 = 3.8 days time elapsed = 15.2 days Unknown: mass of radon-222 remaining
number of half-lives = (15.2 days) = 4 half-lives amount of radon-222 remaining = 4.38 g 1 2

4
1 half-life 3.8 days
= 0.274 g
S-18

22. Given: half-life of uranium-238 = 4.46 109 years Unknown: time needed 7 for 8 of sample to decay amount of uranium-238 remaining
3 = 1 = 1 ; 3 half-lives 8 2
time needed for decay = (4.46 109 years)(3) = 1.34 1010 years
23. Given: half-life of carbon-14 = 5715 years Unknown: time needed 1 for 2 of sample to remain 24. Given: half-life of iodine-131 = 8.040 days Unknown: percentage of a sample remaining after 40.2 days
time needed for 1 of sample to decay 2 = 1 half-life = 5715 years
number of half-lives = (40.2 days) 1 half-life = 5 half-lives 8.040 days
percent of sample remaining after 5 half-lives = 1 2

5
100 = 3.12%
25. Given: original mass of plutonium-239 = 100 g half-life of plutonium-239 = 24110 years time elapsed = 96440 years Unknown: mass of plutonium-239 remaining 26. Given: half-life of thorium-227 = 18.72 days Unknown: number of days needed 3 for 4 of a given amount to decay 27. Given: half-life of protactinium-234 = 6.69 hours Unknown: fraction of a given amount remaining after 26.76 hours
number of half-lives = (96440 years) = 4 half-lives amount of plutonium-239 remaining after 4 half-lives = 100 g 1 2
4
1 half-life 24110 years
=6g
amount remaining = 1 = 1 4 2
2
; 2 half-lives
length of time for decay = (18.72 days)(2) = 37.44 days
number of half-lives = (26.76 hours) 1 half-life = 4 half-lives 6.69 hours
amount remaining after 4 half-lives = 1 2

4
= 1 16
S-19

28. Given: original mass of radium-226 = 15 mg half-life of radium-226 = 1599 years time elapsed = 6396 years Unknown: mass of radium-226 remaining number of half-lives = (6396 years) = 4 half-lives amount remaining = 15 mg 1 2 = 0.94 mg 29. Given: original mass of radium-226 = 0.25 g half-life of radium-226 = 1599 years time elapsed = 4797 years Unknown: mass of radium-226 remaining number of half-lives = (4797 years) = 3 half-lives amount remaining = 0.25 g 1 2 = 0.031 g 30. Given: half-life of radium-224 = 3.66 days time elapsed = 7.32 days mass remaining of radium-224 = 0.05 g Unknown: original mass of radium-224 number of half-lives = (7.32 days) = 2 half-lives x = original amount (x) 1 2
2 3 4
1 half-life 3.66 days
= 0.05 g
2
x = (0.05 g) 2 1
= 0.2 g
S-20

Ch18 SM

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Ch18 SM

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

mass number: 142 142 = 0 atomic number: 60 61 = 1 ?=

mass number: 253 + 4 1 = 256 atomic number: 99 + 2 0 = 101 ?=

mass number: 222 218 = 4 atomic number: 86 84 = 2 ? = 4He 2

mass number: 87 87 = 0 atomic number: 37 38 = 1 ?=

mass number: 188 188 = 0 atomic number: 79 78 = 1 ?=

mass number: 37 + 0 = 37 atomic number: 18 + (1) = 17 ? = 37Cl 17

mass number: 28 0 = 28 atomic number: 13 (1) = 14

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Solutions Manual Holt Program Title

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter Title

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

mass number: 243 4 = 239 atomic number: 95 2 = 93 ? = 239Np 93

mass number: 125 0 = 125 atomic number: 56 1 = 55 ? = 125Cs 55

mass number: 61 + 0 = 61 atomic number: 28 + 1 = 29

mass number: 82 0 = 82 atomic number: 37 (1) = 38 ?=

11. Given: ? 226Th + 4He 90 2

mass number: 226 + 4 = 230 atomic number: 90 + 2 = 92 ? = 230U 92

12. Given: ? 198 Hg + 80

mass number: 198 + 0 = 198 atomic number: 80 + (1) = 79 ?=

mass number: 66 0 = 66 atomic number: = 29 (1) = 30 ?=

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Solutions Manual Holt Program Title

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter Title

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued

mass number: 13 1 = 12 atomic number: 6 0 = 6 ?=

d. Given: 238U + 1 n ? 92 0 0 ? 21e + 239Pu 94

mass number: 238 + 1 = 239 atomic number: 92 + 0 = 92 ?=

mass number: [2(3) 2(1)] = 6 2 = 4 atomic number: [2(2) 2(1)] = 4 2 = 2 ? = 4 He 2

years needed for decay of 15 = (1599 years)(4) = 6396 years 16

days needed for 3 to decay = (3.824 days)(2) = 7.648 days 4

time until 1.0 mg remains = (3.0 min)(4) = 12 min

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Solutions Manual Holt Program Title

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter Title

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued Homework, TE p. 660

1 = 1 7; 7 half-lives 2 128 age of fossil = (5715 years)(7) = 40 000 years

1 half-life = 3 half-lives 138.4 days

Po remaining = (2.0 mg) 1 2

number of half-lives = (4797 years) mass remaining = (0.250 g) 1 2

1 half-life = 3 half-lives 1599 years

number of half-lives = (7.32 days) x = original mass (x) 1 2

1 half-life = 2 half-lives 3.66 days

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Solutions Manual Holt Program Title

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter Title

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

Solutions Manual continued Homework, TE p. 662

t t = ln2 ln(1 + 0.850)

t ln(1 + 7.30) ln2

1.28 109 years 2.12 = 3.91 109 years 6.93 101

x = (5.2 108 g) 2 1 = 4.16 107

7. Given: half-life of protactinium-234 = 6.69 h Unknown: fraction remaining after 26.76 h

number of half-lives = (26.76 h)

1 half-life ; 4 half-lives 6.69 h

fraction remaining after 4 half-lives = 1 2

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Solutions Manual Holt Program Title

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter Title

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE