Math 1 : Lecture 6

1
Applications of
Differentiation (cont.)
Optimization
1
Reading: Section 3.7
Optimization
2
Optimal (best possible)
max / min
max profit
min cost
, sales, power, area, volume,
, time , distance, energy, material,

Math 1 : Lecture 6
2
Absolute (Global) Extrema
3
absolute max
absolute min
Case 1 : Closed Interval
4
abs. max
abs. min
abs. max
abs. min
f continuous on [a,b] abs. max and min

Math 1 : Lecture 6
3
Case 2: Open Interval
5
abs. max
abs. min
f continuous on (a,b) and one local one abs.
Case None
6

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Case 1
7
If f is continuous on [a,b] it has absolute
maximum and absolute minimum on [a,b].
Where ?
At end point or critical point.
How to find absolute extrema?
1. find f at critical points in [a,b].
2. find f at end points a,b.
3. compare values.
Case 2
8
If f is continuous on (a,b) and
has one local max (min) in (a,b),
it is the absolute max (min) in (a,b).
How to find absolute extrema?
1. Find local extrema of f in (a,b).
2. If one local extremum, it is the absolute
extremum.

Math 1 : Lecture 6
5
Example 7.1 (p 308)
9
Find the dimensions of the rectangle of
perimeter 40m with largest area.
A xy =
variables ?
x , f (x)?
x , y , A
function ?
constants ? P = 40
2 2 40 x y + = relation ? 20 y x =
( ) (20 ) A x x x =
function:
0 20 x s s
cts on I ?
Math Problem
10
A' =
Find the abs. max. of
20 2x
1. find A at critical points in [0,20]
2. find A at end points
A' = 0 ? A' undefined?
None
10 x =
critical numbers?
( ) (20 ) A x x x = on [0,20]
A(0) = A(20) =
A(10) = 100
0 0
3. compare values
Abs. max A(10) = 100
in [0,20]

Math 1 : Lecture 6
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Answer
11
( ) (20 ) , 0 20 A x x x x = s s
Abs. max A(10) = 100
largest area = 100 m
2
dimensions ?

x = 10m
y = 10m
x , y
y = 20 x
Mathematical Modeling
12
1. Read and understand the problem.
2. Draw a diagram if possible.
3. Identify variables and constants.
4. Find relations and equations.
5. Write functions and domains.
Word Problem Mathematical Problem

Math 1 : Lecture 6
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Example 7.2 (p 310)
13
A square sheet of cardboard 18cm on a side
is made into an open box by cutting squares
of equal size out of each corner and folding
up the sides. Find the dimensions of the box
of largest volume.
diagram?



V l w h =
variables ? l , w , h , V , x
Function ?
constants ? s = 18
relations ?
Solution (cont.)
14
18 2 , l w x h x = = =
relations ?
2
( ) (18 2 ) V x x x =
function:
0 9 x s s
cts on I ?
2
4 (9 ) x x =

Math 1 : Lecture 6
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Math Problem
15
V' =
Find the abs. max. of
12(9 )(3 ) x x
1. find V at critical points in [0,9]
2. find V at end points
V' = 0 ? V' undefined?
None 3,9 x =
critical numbers?
V(0) = V(9) =
V(3) = 432
0 0
3. compare values
Abs. max V(3) = 432
in [0,9]
on [0,9]
2
( ) 4 (9 ) V x x x =
Answer
16
2
( ) 4 (9 ) , 0 9 V x x x x = s s
Abs. max V(3) = 432
largest volume = 432 cm
3
dimensions ?

l = w = 12cm h = 3cm
l , w , h
18 2 , l w x h x = = =
x = 3

Math 1 : Lecture 6
9
B



Example 7.6 (p 315)
17
A new highway is to link a bridge B with point A,
located 8km to the south and 8km to the east of B.
To the south of B, there is 5-km-wide wet land.
The highway costs EGP10m/km over the wet land
and EGP7m/km over dry land.
Find the path of the highway for minimum total cost.



A
wet
dry
Math Model
18
BF= , FA=
10 7 C BP PA = +
variables ?
x , C , BF , FA
Function ?
constants ?
5, 8 , 10 , 7
relations ?
B
A
F
2 2
( ) 10 25 7 9 (8 ) C x x x = + + +
function:
0 8 x s s
cts on I ?
wet

Math 1 : Lecture 6
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Math Problem
19
C' =
Find the abs. min. of
1. find C at critical points in [0,8]
2. find C at end points
C' = 0 ? C' undefined?
None
3.56 x ~
critical numbers?
C(0) = C(8) =
C(3.56) = 98.9
115.3 109.8
3. compare values
Abs. min. C(3.56) = 98.9
in [0,8]
on [0,8]
2 2
( ) 10 25 7 9 (8 ) C x x x = + + +
Answer
20
Abs. min C(3.56) = 98.9
min cost = EGP98.9m

path ?

5km to the south and
2 2
( ) 10 25 7 9 (8 ) , 0 8 C x x x x = + + + s s
BF FA +
F ?

3.56km to the east of B

Math 1 : Lecture 6
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Example 7.5 (p 313)
21
A soda can is to hold 330ml. Find the dimensions
that will minimize the amount of material used.
2
2 2 A r rh t t = +
variables ? r , h , A
Function ?
constants ? V = 330cm
3
relation ?
2
330 r h t =
2
660
( ) 2 A r r
r
t = + function:
0 r >
cts on I ?
2
330/( ) h r t =
Math Problem
22
A' =
Find the abs. min. of
2
4 660/ r r t
1. find local min in (0,)
2. one local min in I?
A' = 0 ? A' undefined?
None in I
3.75 r ~
critical numbers?
local min
Test ? A' ' =
> 0
Abs. min A(3.75) ~ 264
in I
on (0,)
2
660
( ) 2 A r r
r
t = +
3
4 1320/ r t +
Case 2

Math 1 : Lecture 6
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Answer
23
Abs. min
min amount ~ 264 cm
2
dimensions :

h ~ 7.5 cm
r , h
2
330/( ) h r t =
r ~ 3.75 cm
2
660
( ) 2 , 0 A r r r
r
t = + >
A(3.75) ~ 264
More Examples
24
See Examples 7.3 , 7.4 pp 311 312.
Sheet 5
Selected problems from Exercises 3.7