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PAPER PRESENTATION ON

SUBMITTED TO: NATIONAL LEVEL STUDENT TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM

PARTICIPANTS
SIVA PRASAD PATRO Shivapatro4u@yahoo.co.in Phone no. : 9848136774 P SUDHEER KUMAR sudhi_rec@yahoo.co.in

DEPARTMENT OF ECE RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VISAKHAPATNAM.

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ABSTRACT
Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD) is the name of a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of leading consumer electronics and PC companies (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. A single-layer Blu-ray Disc can hold 25GB, which can be used to record over 2 hours of HDTV or more than 13 hours of standarddefinition TV. There are also dual-layer versions of the discs that can hold 50GB. While current optical disc technologies such as DVD, DVDR, DVDRW, and DVDRAM use a red laser to read and write data, the new format uses a blue-violet laser instead, hence the name Blu-ray. Despite the different type of lasers used, Blu-ray products can easily be made backwards compatible through the use of a BD/DVD/CD compatible optical pickup and allow playback of CDs and DVDs. The benefit of using a blue-violet laser (405nm) is that it has a shorter wavelength than a red laser (650nm), which makes it possible to focus the laser spot with even greater precision. This allows data to be packed more tightly and stored in less space, so it's possible to fit more data on the disc even though it's the same size as a CD/DVD. This together with the change of numerical aperture to 0.85 is what enables Blu-ray Discs to hold 25GB/50GB. With the rapid growth of HDTV, the consumer demand for recording HD programming is quickly rising. Blu-ray was designed with this application in mind and supports direct recording of the MPEG-2 TS (Transport Stream) used by digital broadcasts, which makes it highly compatible with global standards for digital TV. This means that HDTV broadcasts can be recorded directly to the disc without any quality loss or extra processing. To handle the increased amount of data required for HD, Blu-ray employs a 36Mbps data transfer rate, which is more than enough to record and playback HDTV while maintaining the original picture quality. In addition, by fully utilizing an optical disc's random accessing features, it's possible to playback video on a disc while simultaneously recording HD video.

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Introduction:
In 1997, a new technology emerged that brought digital sound and video into homes all over the world. It was called DVD, and it revolutionized the movie industry. The industry is set for yet another revolution with the introduction of Blu-ray Discs (BD). With their high storage capacity, Blu-ray discs can hold and playback large quantities of high-definition video and audio, as well as photos, data and other digital content.

What is Blu-ray disc?

A current, single-sided, standard DVD can hold 4.7 GB (gigabytes) of information. That's about the size of an average two-hour, standard-definition movie with a few extra features. But a high-definition movie, which has a much clearer image, takes up about five times more bandwidth and therefore requires a disc with about five times more storage. As TV sets and movie studios make the move to high definition, consumers are going to need playback systems with a lot more storage capacity. Blu-ray is the next-generation digital video disc. It can record, store and play back high-definition video and digital audio, as well as computer data. The advantage to Blu-ray is the sheer amount of information it can hold:

A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is roughly the same size as a DVD, can hold up to 27 GB of data -- that's more than two hours of high-definition video or about 13 hours of standard video.

A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 54 GB, enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definition video or more than 20 hours of standard video. And there are even plans in the works to develop a disc with twice that amount of storage.

Building a Blu-ray:
The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a 1.1mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents birefringence and therefore prevents readability problems. And, with the recording layer sitting closer to the objective lens of the reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtually eliminated. Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed on the outside of the disc to protect it from scratches and fingerprints.

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Page 4 of 12 The design of the Blu-ray discs saves on manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDs are built by injection molding the two 0.6-mm discs between which the recording layer is sandwiched. The process must be done very carefully to prevent birefringence. 1. The two discs are molded. 2. The recording layer is added to one of the discs. 3. The two discs are glued together. Blu-ray discs only do the injection-molding process on a single 1.1-mm disc, which reduces cost. That savings balances out the cost of adding the protective layer, so the end price is no more than the price of a regular DVD. Blu-ray has a higher data transfer rate -- 36 Mbps (megabits per second) -- than today's DVDs, which transfer at 10 Mbps. A Blu-ray disc can record 25 GB of material in just over an hour and a half.

How do Blu-ray formats work?

Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits -- spiral grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edges. A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps -- to play the movie or program that is stored on the DVD. The more data that is contained on a disc, the smaller and more closely packed the pits must be. The smaller the pits (and therefore the bumps), the more precise the reading laser must be. Unlike current DVDs, which use a red laser to read and write data, both Blu-ray and HD-DVD use a blue laser. A blue laser has a shorter wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers). The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information recorded in smaller pits. Blu-ray discs and HD-DVDs can both read pits that are much smaller than the pits on a DVD. That's pretty much where the similarity ends. The recording layer on Blu-ray and HD-DVD differs. Whereas the HD-DVD recording layer is sandwiched between two 0.6 mm layers of polycarbonate plastic -- much like the recording layer on today's DVD -- Blu-ray places the data on top of a 1.1-mm-thick

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Page 5 of 12 polycarbonate layer. The smaller pits, smaller beam and closer recording layer together enable a single-layer Blu-ray disc to hold more than 25 GB of information -- about five times the amount of information that can be stored on today's DVD and about twice that of an HD-DVD.

When will Blu-ray be available? Blu-ray recorders are already available in Japan, where more consumers have access to HDTV than in the United States. Outside of Japan, once more TV sets come equipped with a high-definition tuner and more films and television shows are produced in high-definition (which is expected to happen by late 2007 or 2008), Blu-ray movies and TV shows on disc should become widely available; but the format is already available for home recording, professional recording and data storage. HD-DVD is expected to arrive in stores at the end of 2007. Even when the new video standard begins to replace current technologies, consumers won't have to throw away their DVDs; but they may need to invest in a new player,

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Page 6 of 12 depending upon which format they choose. HD-DVD will work on today's standard DVD players, while a straight Blu-ray will not. JVC has developed a Blu-ray hybrid disc that pairs a Blu-ray disc with a standard DVD -- this type of hybrid disc will survive the format transition. In any event, the Blu-ray coalition is planning to market backward-compatible drives with both blue and red lasers, which will be able to play traditional DVDs and CDs as well as Blu-ray discs. What will each format mean for consumers? Blu-ray is billing itself as more high-tech, offering greater storage and capabilities, while HD-DVD is boasting lower costs and a less radical departure from the DVDs we already know and love. Comparing it to the old VHSBetamax battle, HD-DVD looks more like VHS, and Blu-ray like Betamax. But at this point, industry insiders say the format war could go either way. Ultimately, which format prevails will have a lot to do with its backers. HD-DVD has the DVD Forum behind it: a consortium of 230 consumer-electronics and entertainment companies, as well as movie studios New Line, Paramount, Universal and Warner Bros. Plus, Microsoft plans to support HD-DVD with its next Windows operating system, code-named Longhorn. Blu-ray has more than 10 of the top electronics companies behind it, plus the support of Columbia TriStar, Disney and MGM studios. Also, it has been rumored that the new PlayStation 3 game system will support Blu-ray. Key Characteristics:

1) Broadest Industry Support : History has shown that unified industry support for a particular format is most likely to lead to success. Therefore, the participation of the world's most renowned consumer electronics manufacturers and IT companies are leading in the success of the best standard for next generation storage: Blu-ray Disc. Blu-ray Disc is supported by leading hardware manufacturers across the CE and IT fields from the U.S., Europe, Japan and Korea, including Dell, HP, Hitachi, LG Electronics, Matsushita (Panasonic), Mitsubishi, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony and Thomson/RCA. Finally, major blank media manufacturers including TDK are supporting the Blu-ray Disc format as the successor of

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Page 7 of 12 DVD. This broad industry support will lead to a broad selection of Blu-ray Disc products, including home video decks, PC drives, PC's line-fitted with Blu-ray Disc drives and blank media, to be available when the format is launched in the various regions in the world.

2) Lifespan : The Blu-ray Disc format is designed to stay relevant for at least10 to 15 years. Its high storage capacity of 25 to 50 GB allows for the best possible High Definition video quality and satisfies even the most demanding data storage needs. As we have seen with DVD in the past, most premium titles require two discs. This is why Blu-ray Disc incorporates the additional storage space that High Definition feature, including bonus material, requires in the new standard from the beginning. Formats with a lesser capacity are only suitable as interim solutions, requiring them to be replaced much sooner than a format that takes tomorrow's data storage needs into account from day one. This will of course require multiple investments in production equipment, and will lead to increased consumer confusion.

3) Content Protection: Blu-ray Disc provides some of the strongest copy protection schemes ever developed for any consumer format. It makes Blu-ray Disc the best choice for any content publisher wanting assurance that their valuable assets are protected from piracy. Based on feedback from the content industry and taking a quefrom the lessons learned by other formats, the Blu-ray Disc format incorporates a robust copy protection mechanism, which not only relies on implementation at the playback device, but which also includes precautions at replicator level, which will be strictly controlled. Unlike the voluntary implementation of CSS protection in DVD, the copy protection mechanism for Blu-ray Disc is mandatory and will be governed by strict licensing procedures.

4) Cost : Blu-ray Disc is developed to offer the best long-term profitability model for content providers. Although it might require a nominal investment in advance, it provides greater and longer-term profit potential. This is because the format is designed to last for a

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Page 8 of 12 period of at least 10 to 15 years. Due to its enormous storage capacity short term replacement of the technology is unnecessary, unlike other format proposals that might require less investment in advance, but higher investments in the long term due to the replacement of the technology when it becomes outdated. At comparable volumes, Blu-ray Disc production costs are within 10% of DVD production costs, although a Blu-ray Disc offers 5 to 10 times the capacity. It is by far the cheapest format measured in cost per GB. Since Blu-ray Disc requires less slots in a replication line compared to other formats, it will bring costs on par with DVD, or even cheaper, much sooner. Production facilities can produce many more Blu-ray Discs in the same time period as DVDs. Also, contrary to some rumors circulating, Blu-ray Discs do not require cartridges for any of the format variations (BD ROM, BD RE, and BD R).

5) Capacity: The Blu-ray Disc format offers the highest capacity of any consumer media format to date, also greatly surpassing the capacity of other format proposals. Blu-ray Disc's huge capacity allows not only for the highest quality High Definition video to be recorded at large bit rates (thereby eliminating the need for tight compression that could affect picture quality), it also opens up the doors to new and existing applications. Think of extra sessions on a disc that could be unlocked when a user's Blu-ray Disc player connects to the Internet to validate authorization. Or what about bonus material and special features that will eventually also be recorded in High Definition quality? With Blu-ray Disc's large capacity, these extra's can be included in high quality on the same disc, so there is no need for separate bonus discs to accompany the movie title. Only Blu-ray Disc will be able to offer these value added options.

6) Robustness of disc: As the result of recent breakthroughs in the development of hard coating for Bluray Disc, the discs offer much stronger resistance to scratches and fingerprints than other existing and proposed formats. Hard coated Blu-ray Discs do not require a cartridge and can be used as a bare disc, similar to DVD and CD. This avoids extra production costs, and allows for small form factor applications, such as the implementation of Blu-ray Disc

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Page 9 of 12 drives in a notebook computer. The hard coating technology is used for BD ROM discs, giving them the same bare disc look and feel consumers know from DVD, and it can be applied to rewritable and recordable Blu-ray Discs as well. ADVANTAGES: 1) Record high-definition television (HDTV) without any quality loss 2) Instantly skip to any spot on the disc 3) Record one program while watching another on the disc create play lists 4) Edit or reorder programs recorded on the disc 5) Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program. 6) Access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features.

APPLICATIONS:

1) High Definition Television Recording : High Definition broadcasting is vastly expanding in the US and Asia. Consumers are increasingly making the switch to HDTV sets to enjoy the best possible television experience. The Blu-ray Disc format offers consumers the ability to record their High Definition television broadcasts in their original quality for the first time, preserving the pure picture and audio level as offered by the broadcaster. As such it will become the next level in home entertainment, offering an unsurpassed user experience. And since the Blu-ray Disc format incorporates the strongest copy protection algorithms of any format or proposal to date, the format allows for recording of digital broadcasts while meeting the content protection demands of the broadcast industry.

2) High Definition Video Distribution : Due to its enormous data capacity of 25 to 50 GB per (single sided) disc, the Blu-ray Disc format can store High Definition video in the highest possible quality. Because of the huge capacity of the disc, there is no need to compromise on picture quality. Depending on the encoding method, there is room for more than seven hours of

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Page 10 of 12 the highest HD quality video. There is even room for additional content such as special features and other bonus material to accompany the High Definition movie. Furthermore, the Blu-ray Disc movie format greatly expands on traditional DVD capabilities, by incorporating many new interactive features allowing content providers to offer an even more incredible experience to consumers. An Internet-connection may even be used to unlock additional material that is stored on the disc, as there is enough room on the disc to include premium material as well.

3) High Definition Camcorder Archiving : As the market penetration of High Definition TV sets continues to grow, so does the demand of consumers to create their own HD recordings. With the advent of the first HD camcorders, consumers can now for the first time record their own home movies in a quality level unlike any before. As these camcorders are tape-based, consumers cannot benefit from the convenience and direct access features they are used to from the DVD players and recorders. Now, the Blu-ray Disc format, with its unprecedented storage capacity, allows for the HD video recorded with an HD camcorder to be converterted and recorded on a Blu-ray Disc. When the HD content is stored on a Blu-ray Disc, it can be randomly accessed in a way comparable to DVD. Furthermore, the disc can be safely stored for many years, without the risk of tape wear.

4) Mass Data Storage: In its day, CD-R/RW meant a huge increase in storage capacity compared to traditional storage media with its 650 MB. Then DVD surpassed this amount by offering 4.7 to 8.5 GB of storage, an impressive 5 to 10 times increase. Now consumers demand an even bigger storage capacity. The growing number of broadband connections allowing consumers to download vast amounts of data, as well as the ever increasing audio, video and photo capabilities of personal computers has lead to yet another level in data storage requirements. In addition, commercial storage requirements are growing exponentially due to the proliferation of e-mail and the migration to paperless processes. The Blu-ray Disc format again offers 5 to 10 times as much capacity as traditional DVD resulting in 25 to 50 GB of data to be stored on a single rewritable or recordable disc. As Blu-ray

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Page 11 of 12 Disc uses the same form factor as CD and DVD, this allows for Blu-ray Disc drives that can still read and write to CD and DVD media as well.

5) Digital Asset Management and Professional Storage : Due to its high capacity, low cost per GB and extremely versatile ways of transferring data from one device to another (because of Blu-ray Disc's extremely wide adoption across the industry), the format is optimized for Digital Asset Management and other professional applications that require vast amounts of storage space. Think of medical archives that may contain numerous diagnostic scans in the highest resolution, or catalogs of audiovisual assets that need to be instantly retrieved in a random access manner, without the need to "restore" data from a storage carrier. One Blu-ray Disc may replace many backup tapes, CDs, DVDs or other less common or proprietary storage media. And contrary to network solutions, the discs can be physically stored in a different location for backup and safekeeping.

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Conclusion:
Well probably have to wait until 2008-2009 for Blu-ray recorders to become commonly available. The driving force behind the development of Blu-ray Disc recorders is the need to record HDTV programming and currently the only country where HDTV is well established is Japan. There are still only a few different Blu-ray Disc recorders available to consumers in Japan, but as you can see in our Blu-ray Recorders section, most well-known consumer electronics companies have their own prototype Blu-ray Disc recorder in development, so we expect to see more Blu-ray recorders on the Japanese market during 2008. According to Sony of America's senior vice president Mike Fidler, products based on the Blu-ray Disc format are not likely to be available in the United States until late 2008 or early 2009.

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