F-theory GUTs in Three Steps

Sakura Sch fer-Nameki a KITP

Talk at Strings 2010, College Station, 18. March 2010 Joe Marsano, Natalia Saulina, SS-N 0808.1286, 0808.1571, 0808.2450, 0904.3932, 0906.4672, 0912.0272 Matt Dolan, Joe Marsano, SS-N, in progress

Outline
0. Bottom-up: Local, semi-local, global 1. Local F-theory GUTs 2. Semi-local Model

Monodromies
3. Global Models

Embedding into local E8 singularity

Phenomenological requirements
4. Phenomenological Implications

Gauge coupling unication

5. Conclusions and Outlook

Gauge-mediation with non-GUT messenger sector

Motivation
Aims: Phenomenologically viable models from string theory Imprint of UV completion upon low energy theory build complete string models main challenge: generic statements, valid for a large class of models Method: Bottom-up approach
[Aldazabal, Ibanez, Quevedo, Uranga], [Verlinde, Wijnholt]

Systematically build models starting with effective theory on branes Incorporate constraints from embeddability into compact model

Three-step strategy

Bottom-up Three-Step Strategy

Step 3: Global Model: Compact Geometry + Fluxes

Step 2: Semi-local Model: Embeddability strong pheno restrictions

Step 1: Local Model: Effective eld theory on D-branes: SU(5) GUT

Three-Step Strategy with F-theory

Step 1. Local Models:

Effective eld theory on 7-branes: SU(5) GUT

Step 2. Semi-local Model: Impose general conditions for embedding into local CY4

Embeddability implies strong phenomenological restrictions

Step 3. Global Model: Construction of elliptically bered CY4 realizing semi-local models Global model: Talk by Saulina

References
Step 1. Local Models:
[Donagi, Wijnholt], [Beasley, Heckman, Vafa]: GUTs [Marsano, Saulina, SS-N ], [Heckman, Marsano, Saulina, SS-N, Vafa]: SUSY-breaking [Heckman, Vafa + Bouchard, Cecotti, Cheng, Kane, Seo, Shao,Tavanfar,... ], [Font, Ibanez], [Li, Nanopoulos + ....] [Watari, Tatar + Hayashi, Kawano, Toda, Tsuchiya, Yamazaki], [Marchesano, Martucci]: Cosmology, Neutrinos, Flavour.

Step 2. Semi-local Model: [Andreas, Curio], [Hayashi, Kawano, Tatar, Watari], [Donagi, Wijnholt],
[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N], [Dudas, Palti]

Step 3. Global Model:

[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N]: compact geometry for F-theory GUTs [Blumenhagen, Braun, Jurke, Krause, Weigand], [Cordova]

1. Local Models
Low energy gauge dofs decoupling gravity dofs SU(5) SUSY GUT
MGUT MPl

103 :

Higgses: lifting triplets

5H =
(3) Hu

3 generations of Q (3, 2)+1/6 c 10 M = U (3, 1)2/3 Ec (1, 1)+1

Hu (1, 2)+1/2

5M =

Dc (3, 1)+1/3 L (1, 2)1/2

(3, 1)1/3

5H =

(3) Hd (3, 1)+1/3

Hd (1, 2)1/2

W u 5 H 10 M 10 M + d 5 H 5 M 10 M

SUSY-breaking, avour, neutrino physics, etc.

F-theory
F-theory [Vafa][Morrison, Vafa] =Type IIB [Green, Schwarz] vacua with varying axio-dilaton:

= C0 + ie
Geometrize consistent with SL2 Z

compactify to d = 4 on elliptically bered CY4 with base B6 :

E X4 BS

Gauge degrees of freedom/D-branes in F-theory

F-theory: realizes branes in terms of geometric singularities.

Singularity type: An : Dn : E6 : y 2 = x 2 + z n +1 y 2 = x 2 z + z n 1 y2 = x3 + z4

Perturbative interpretation: An : IIB with D7-branes Dn : IIB orientifolded with D7 and O-planes En : no perturbative IIB picture, exceptional 7-branes

Matter elds
[BHV I, II], [Donagi, Wijnholt]

7-branes inside B6 wrapping surfaces, which intersect over a curve :

Bifundamental matter is localized along curves Chiral matter from additional gauge uxes G SU(5) U(1), in particular: SU(6) : 5, 5, SO(10) : 10, 10

Yukawa couplings from Triple-Intersections

[BHV I, II], [Donagi, Wijnholt]

Yukawa couplings from triple intersection of matter curves: G p SU(5) U(1)1 U(1)2 Such as SO(12) : 5 H 5 M 10 M E6 : 10 M 10 M 5 H SU(7) : 5 5 1

SU(5) F-theory GUT

[BHV II]

A4 singularity 3 5 M , 5 H and 5 H : SU(6) enhancement 3 10 M : SO(10) enhancement

SU(5)
E6 SO(12)

Top/bottom Yukawa: E6 and SO(12) enhancement

SO(10)

SU(6)

j i j W ibj H5 5 10 + it j H5 i10 10 QDHd + LEHd + QUHu

GUT breaking
[BHV I, II], [Donagi, Wijnholt]

GUT-breaking by hypercharge ux FY : SU(5) SU(3) SU(2) U(1)Y 24 (8, 1)0 (1, 3)0 (1, 1)0 (3, 2)5 (3, 2)+5 Gauge Fields Exotics Choose U(1) gauge bundle L Y such that
S (L Y 5 ) = 0

Also solves doublet-triplet splitting by lifting triplets: FY |M = 0 , Masslessness of U(1)Y : FY |5H = +1 , FY |5 = 1

H

[Buican, Malyshev, Morrison, Verlinde, Wijnholt]

FY is dual in SGUT to 2-cycle, that is homologically trivial in B

Further Properties
Favourable avour structure
[Heckmann, Vafa +...][Font, Ibanez]

all generations on same curve: leading order rank 1 Yukawas B-eld: realistic mixing (CKM) Minimal avour mixing
zu zd

E6 and SO(12) points combine to E8

Absence of dimension 5 proton decay operators: Naively QQQL absent if Hu and Hd localize on different curves Models with U(1) PQ symmetry
10 M PQ 5M 5H 2 5H 2

[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N] [Heckman, Vafa]

Absence of tree-level -term H H, dim 5 and 4 proton decay ops (10 M 5 M 5 M and 10 M 5 H 5 H ) high-scale gauge mediation scenarios

Step 1: Local model Summary

Phenomenologically viable SU(5) SUSY GUTs realized in local F-theory 7-brane intersections. Including: promising avour and SUSY-breaking phenomenology

2. Semi-local Model
Impose constraints arising from embedding into local CY4: Global CY4: elliptic bration over B y2 = x3 + f x + g E X4 B SGUT ALE X4 SGUT Local CY4: ALE-bration over SGUT

For SU(5) GUTs: Deformed E8 singularity over SGUT

E8 singularity over SGUT

Local geometry around F-theory 7-branes is a deformed E8 singularity

y2 = x3 + b5 xy + b4 x2 z + b3 yz2 + b2 xz3 + b0 z5

E8 gauge theory broken to SU(5) by adjoint VEVs

Local E8 singularity over SGUT

y2 = x3 + b5 xy + b4 x2 z + b3 yz2 + b2 xz3 + b0 z5

E8 singularity: b2,3,4,5 = 0 SU(5) GUT: SU(5) : SO(10): SU(6) : SO(12) : E6 : 10 matter 5 matter Bottom: Top: bm = 0 0 = b5 0 = P = b0 b2 b2 b3 b5 + b2 b4 3 5 0 = b5 = b3 0 = b5 = b4

bn depend on embedding of SGUT into B (KSGUT and NSGUT | B ) Semi-local model: No need to specify these Generality of analysis

Breaking the E8 gauge theory

5 4

Breaking E8 : E8 248

1 3

SU(5) SU(5)GUT

(24, 1) + (1, 24) + (10, 5) + (5, 10) + (10, 5) + (5, 10)

2 2 3 1

SU(5)

Breaking via: SU(5) adjoint vev diag (1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) Geometrically: i = i (bn ) where bn = coefcients in deformed E8 singularity

SU(5)

GUT

Matter
All matter arises from E8 and i give masses to SU(5)GUT multiplets E8 248

SU(5) SU(5)GUT

(24, 1) + (1, 24) + (10, 5) + (5, 10) + (10, 5) + (5, 10)

5:

SU(5) weights:

i i + j i i + j

10: 10:

GUT Matter/Higgses:

5:

Main idea
How do constraints from embedding into semi-local model to arise? E8 SU(5)GUT U(1)4 U(1)4 = max torus of SU(5) Naively (aka local model): GUT-elds carry 4 independent U(1) charges: (1 , , 5 ) Superpotential couplings dictated by 4 independent U(1)s Semi-local model: U(1)s get identied by monodromies Highly constrains embeddable models

Monodromies
Local model: E8 SU(5) U(1)4 4 independent U(1) charges labeled by i Semi-local model: Geometry of E8 sing. given by bn : bn (i ) = b0 Pn (i )
b5 b0 1 2 3 4 5 , b4 b0
i < j<k <l

i j k l ,

b3 b0

i < j<k

i j k ,

b2 b0 i j
i< j

Inversion i (bn ) generically has branch-cuts monodromy group G S5 = Weyl group of SU(5) acts on i Identication of U(1)s

Spectral Cover
[Donagi, Wijnholt]

Spectral cover C 10 = auxiliary space to keep track of monodromies C 10 is 5-fold cover of SGUT : b0 U 5 + b2 V 2 U 3 + b3 V 3 U 2 + b4 V 4 U + b5 V 5 = 0

1 2 3 4 5

Monodromy group G S5 acts on sheets and identies U(1)s.

GUT

Monodromies and independent U(1) s

[Tatar, Tsuchiya, Watari], [Marsano, Saulina, SS-N]

Independent gauged U(1)s are encoded in # orbits of monodromy group U(1) gauge bosons are elements in CSA:
1 2 3 4 5
S
GUT

G = transitive subgroup of S5 : only invariant combination is 5=1 i = 0 i no gauged U(1) i in reducible representation of G: N orbits of 10s labeled by i (N 1) gauged U(1)s

1 2 3 4 5
S
GUT

Possible Monodromy Groups

Monodromy groups G S5 and orbits of i i.e. 10s: 10 orbits (1 )(2 )(3 )(4 )(5 ) (i j )(k )(l )(m ) (i j )(k l )(m ) (i j k )(l )(m ) (i j k )(l m ) (i j k l )(m ) ( 1 2 3 4 5 ) # of U(1) s 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 Monodromy Group id Z2 Z2 Z2 S 3 , Z3 S 3 Z2 , Z3 Z2 S5

S4 , D4 , Z4 , Klein4

Remark: in the case of 4 + 1 orbits the renement to D4 , Z4 , Klein4 yields different orbits for 5 i.e. i + j .

Putting Monodromies to use:

Phenomenological wish list: no exotics, 3-generations top and bottom Yukawas avor structure no tree-level -term...

What do these constraints imply for the allowed monodromy groups?

Constraints on the Monodromy Group

[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N]

Constraint arises from the requirement of no exotics: FY 10 = 0

FY 5

C 10 C 10

(4)

1 2 3 4 5

In particular: no net FY ux on 5 curves Hu and Hd have to be on the same curve monodromy group S4 No tree-level -term Monodromy group is D4 or Z4 or Klein4

(1)

GUT

Constraints on the Monodromy Group (cont.)

Summary:
[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N]

SU(5), Yukawas, no exotics and no tree-level

Allowed monodromy groups: G = D4 or Z4 or Klein4

U(1) symmetry contraining superpotential:
10 M U(1) 5M 3 5H 2 5H

No gauged U(1) PQ

Main trouble: Dim 5 proton decay:

1 QQQL 10 M 10 M 10 M 5 M cannot realize neutrino scenarios of [Bouchard, Heckman, Seo, Vafa]

Minimal Model ruled out (modulo tuning)

Semi-local Model: Relaxing minimality

[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N]

1. Model with U(1) : No exotics Monodromy group: D4 , Z4 , Klein4 Problem with proton decay tune further to get approximate global U(1) PQ 2. Model with U(1) PQ : No problems with proton decay Hypercharge ux on matter curves Non-GUT exotics 3. Beyond E8 : More general structure than E8 ?

Summary: Semi-Local Models

F-theory GUT embedded into E8 singularity Minimal SU(5) GUT embedding into semi-local model: Monodromy groups: Z4 , D4 , Klein4 Ruled out because of dim 5 proton decay Relaxed constraints: Non-GUT exotics from 10 and 5 Key point: Analysis is generic and independent of specic CY4

3. Global Model
Talk by Saulina

[Marsano, Saulina, SS-N]

Explicit realization in compact CY4: Proof of principle Recall: X4 = elliptically bered CY4 with three-fold base B: E X4 B SGUT Constraints on B6 : X4 Calabi-Yau: B almost Fano i.e. KB31 semi-ample Hypercharge constraint: FY dual in SGUT to a 2-cycle that is trivial in B
S GUT e1

3
e2

4. Phenomenological Imprints
We have seen: Semi-local F-theory GUTs with gauged U(1) PQ

automatically non-GUT exotics this is generic: independent of the specics of the CY4
Exotics arising from FY restricting non-trivially to 10 matter curves:
Field (3, 2)+1/6 (3, 1)2/3 (1, 1)+1 (3, 2)1/6 (1, 1)1 Multiplicity M M+N MN M M+N MN

(3, 1)+2/3

What is the phenomenology of such models?

[Dolan, Marsano, SS-N] in progress

1. Running of gauge couplings: Gauge-coupling unication? 2. SUSY breaking and phenomenology of non-GUT exotics:

non-GUT exotics as gauge messengers:

W FX X + X f f

coupling from 10 10 1 2483

On gauge-coupling unication in F-theory GUTs

[Donagi, Wijnholt], [Blumenhagen], [Conlon], [Dolan, Marsano, SS-N]

Important scales in the problem: mz

MExotics

MKK

MWinding

Scales in the compactication: R S , R B M = M (MPl , R B ) measures 7-brane tension

4 M4 = GUT M KK

R = R (R S , R B ) = size of direction transverse to SGUT

2 MWinding = R M

 MSSM-running:

With 1 = 3, 2 = 1, 3 = 33 5

i1 (MGUT )
KK-thresholds:

i1 (mz )

i ln 2

MKK mz

[Wijnholt 10, private conversation]

8d theory 7-brane worldvolume theory has divergence log

External contribution (from bulk) to cancel log divergence: divergence is capped off at winding scale [Conlon] MWinding = Winding scale > MKK Can be written in a 4d looking way

i1

i1

KK ln 2

MWinding MKK

 Non-GUT exotic contribution:

Exotics ln i1 i1 2
In summary:

MKK MExotics

i1

i1 (mz )

i ln 2

MKK mz

KK ln 2

MWinding MKK

Exotics ln 2

MKK MExotics

Room for Unication

[Dolan, Marsano, SSN]

Condition for consistency with gauge couplings at mz

i ln 2

MKK mz

KK + ln 2

MWinding MKK

Exotics + ln 2
M 2 R KK GUT

MKK MExotics

Non-negligible effects as MWinding and R large seem difcult to satisfy without Exotics Can be achieved for reasonable range of scales MKK 1015 GeV , MExotics 1014 GeV , MWinding 1018 GeV

Gauge-mediation with non-GUT exotics as messengers and MMess = MExotics > 1013 GeV High-scale gauge mediation with PQ symmetry

5. Summary...
Bottom-up approach: Global Semi-local Local

Local F-theory GUTs: 2/3 splitting, avour, SUSY-breaking, . . . Requiring Embedding into Semi-local Model: E8 gauge theory and highly constraining: Non-minimal SU(5) GUT with non-GUT exotics Non-minimal gauge mediation models

... and Outlook

Pheno: generic signatures of F-theory GUTs, in particular of non-GUT exotics Lift of semi-local models to global models: fate of the U(1) symmetries Detailed analysis of SUSY-breaking in the compact case Moduli stabilization