Quiz #1 1A (an) ____ collects energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce food. Need a Hint?

A) heterotroph B) herbivore C) detritivore D) autotroph 2 How do ecologists benefit from creating models? Need a Hint? A) Biotic factors can be ignored. B) Random factors have a greater effect on results. C) Abiotic factors can be ignored. D) Variables can be more easily controlled. 3 How can detritivores be beneficial to the environment? Need a Hint? A) provide food for autotrophs B) rid waste and dead matter C) allow predation to occur D) facilitate photosynthesis in plants 4 How is carbon released from calcium carbonate? Need a Hint? A) by a process of erosion B) burned as fossil fuels C) by a process of diffusion D) by decomposition 5 How would a population decrease in primary consumers affect the ecosystem? Need a Hint? A) primary producers would suddenly decrease. B) Third-level consumer population would increase. C) Third-level consumer populations would eventually decrease. D) There would be no overall effect. 6

The exchange of matter through the ____ is called the biogeochemical cycle. Need a Hint? A) biosphere B) water cycle C) food chain D) phosphorus chain 7 The total mass of living matter at each trophic level is called ____. Need a Hint? A) biomass B) a food chain C) energy flow D) an organic compound 8 Tree branches are an example of a ____. Need a Hint? A) niche B) habitat C) biome D) mutualism 11 What does a decrease in salmon population due to an increase in river temperature indicate? Need a Hint? A) an abiotic factor affecting a biotic factor B) change in population but not in abiotic factors C) an effect of predation D) an unchanging biological community 12 What factor often limits the growth of producers? Need a Hint? A) biomass B) respiration C) phosphorus D) decomposition 13 What process involves the capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form useable by plants? Need a Hint? A) decomposition

B) C) D)

denitrification biogeochemical cycle nitrogen fixation

14 What significant function can parasitism have in the ecosystem? Need a Hint? A) the formation of lichens B) benefiting the health of hosts C) population decrease of an overabundant species D) increasing habitat size Quiz # 2 1. Which of the following enzymes would digest a fat? ? sucrase ? fatase ? protease ? lipase 2. At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat ? changes the pH of the system ? alters the active site of the enzyme ? neutralizes the acids and bases in the system ? increases the concentration of the enzyme 3. Enzymes influence chemical reactions in living systems by ? providing the substrate required for the reaction to occur ? affecting the rate at which reactions occur ? absorbing water released when polymers are formed ? combining with excess hydrogen to form gaseous wastes 4. Which group of organic compounds includes the enzymes? ? proteins ? starches ? carbohydrates ? lipids 5. The "lock and key hypothesis" attempts to explain the mechanism of ? vacuole formation ? pinocytosis ? sharing of electrons ? enzyme specificity 6. Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n) ? coenzyme ? substrate ? vitamin ? polypeptide

7. Which chemical is classified as an enzyme? ? galactose ? lipid ? protease ? manganese dioxide Here are of some stages of an enzyme-controlled reaction . Quiz # 3 Q.1) Enzymes are protein catalysts. True or false? A. True B. False Q.2) Defined, a catalyst is: A. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is consumed in the process B. A substance that slows down a chemical reaction, without being consumed in the process C. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, without being consumed in the process D. A substance that slows down a chemical reaction, but is consumed in the process Q.3) In catalyzed reactions, the reactants are converted into products much slower than they would without a catalyst. True or false? A. True B. False Q.4) What must happen in a reaction for new bonds to be created between the atoms of product molecules? 1. Reactant molecules must collide with enough force 2. The reactant molecules should be a certain temperature to move accordingly 3. Molecules must collide with the correct geometric orientation for bond breaking to occur 4. The product molecules must be moving fast enough A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C.

1 and 3 D. 2 and 4 Q.5) Catalysts work by reducing the activation energy, thereby speeding up forward and reverse reactions at different rates. True or false? A. True B. False Q.6) Catalysts do not affect the position of equilibrium. True or false? A. True B. False Q.7) Defined, a substrate is: A. The reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction B. The product that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction C. A and B D. None of the above Q.8) The substrate binds to a particular site on the enzyme to which it is attracted. True or false? A. True B. False Q.9) Enzymes are proteins in tertiary or quaternary structure with simple conformations. True or false? A. True B. False Q.10) Enzymes are very specific for the substrate to which they bind. True or false? A. True B. False Q.11) In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the substrate binds to a

very small portion of the enzyme, called the: A. Binding site B. Active site C. Inactive site D. Bonding site Q.12) The substrate and active site must contain distinctive shapes for binding to occur. True or false? A. True B. False Q.13) The attachment of the substrate to the enzyme's active site creates the: A. Enzyme-substrate complex B. Substrate complex C. Enzyme complex D. Catalyst complex Q.14) How do enzymes decrease the energy of activation? A. Stretching the chemical bonds B. Bending the chemical bonds C. All of the above D. None of the above