1.

Literature Review: Search the worldwide experiences in existing Deep Tunnel

Sewer System DTSS: including Malaysia.

DTSS also known as Deep Tunnel Sewerage System is a kind of pipeline network that laid underground of a city or town. DTSS is normally built at a depth of 40 to 60 m from ground surface. The function of DTSS is to collect sanitary sewage to a centralized treatment plant.

Singapore: Existing system consisting of 6 sewage treatment works (STWs), one sludge treatment works and 139 pumping stations replaced by DTSS. Link sewers will be used to intercept flows from existing sewers upstream of the existing STWs. These flows will be channeled by gravity via deep tunnels to two centralized wastewater treatment plants strategically located at the southern coastal areas, with the treated effluent discharged into the Straits of Singapore via deep sea pipelines.

United Arab Emirates: Deep tunnel sewerage system was built in Abu Dhabi to deal with soaring effluent flows in Abu Dhabi and Al-Ain. DTSS that developed would replace some of the existing systems pumping stations and more than 500,000 cubic metres a day of effluent are treated in two existing main sewage treatment plans in Abu Dhabi and Al-Ain.

Malaysia: The SMART Project Tunnel is about 9.7km long and has internal diameter of 11.83m, integrates both stormwater management and a motorway in the same tunnel. The Stormwater Management Component comprises of the diversion structure, a holding basin, a bypass tunnel, a storage reservoir and the twin box culvert and an outlet structure. A flood detection system and control and surveillance team will be incorporate in the overall SMART system to effectively integrate and manage both stormwater and traffic.

2. Why need DTSS?

Construction of DTSS is needed in some urban area as new sewer line is difficult to be laid in city or town. At the same time, it is a difficult task in maintenance and land costs are too expensive and not feasible.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of DTSS. (a) Advantages DTSS can freeze up land space, and a number of small scale pump stations are not required. Besides, it will do no harm to safety and health of human since it has virtually no contact with population. (b) Disadvantages The only drawback of DTSS is expensive and costly.

4. Construction cost vs. management efficiencies.

The management of city sewer line is better to be away from human contact. Compared to old main, CSO which costs higher in maintenance, it is worthwhile to invest in deep tunnel. It can also used to separate combined sewer in the old cities. Furthermore, capital cost wise and investment can be spread over many years.

5. Part of the future vision in the wastewater management.

It is part of the future vision of the city as the rising living standard give rise to demand of better wastewater collection and management. It is also inevitable for metropolitan to invest in DTSS.

References:
1. http://app2.nea.gov.sg/news_detail_2001.aspx?

news_sid=20081016555021121353
2. http://www.slopeindicator.com/stories/dtss-singapore.html 3. http://www.ameinfo.com/141555.html

4. http://bernadetteballantyne.wordpress.com/ 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_Tunnel