Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Radiographic Quality
Processing
• Time
• Temp
eratur
e
Visibility of detail – the ability to see the detail or the sharpness of the radiographic
image sharpness of image detail refers to the structural lines or borders of tissues in
the radiographic image.
Influencing Factors Regarding Density
1. kVp – primary controlling factor for contrast
2. Distance
3. Heel effect
4. Intensifying screens
5. Beam limiting device
6. Grids
7. Filtration
8. Patient Consideration
9. Processing
10.Contrast Media
Density – optical density is the numerical value calculated between the levels of
light incident on a processed step wedge image.
(lo) and the level of light transmitted through the film (lt)
Toe
Every 0.3 on the densitometer (x-axis) →doubling the mAs - x-ray output.
Useful range of OD is approximately 0.25 to 2.5 = straight line portion of H&D
curve.
Film speed
1. The ability of an image receptor to respond to a low x-ray exposure is a
measure of its sensitivity or its speed.
2. Film speed and screen speed are considered the same; therefore the film and
screen combination speeds are referred to as the image-receptor speed.
3. When changing from one IR speed to another, a change in mAs may be
necessary to maintain the same optical density.
Increase the screen film, it will increase density. To maintain the same density, use
relative speed factor.
The steeper the slope, there is less latitude.
Speed and latitude are inherent.
1. Film latitude – the emulsion must be able to record a relatively long range of
densities, from the blackest black (gas or air) to the whitest white (dense
osseous structures or barium filled organs), with all shades in between.
2. Exposure latitude – the capability of a film to record differences in density.
Therefore, density changes in mAs are less critical with higher kVp values.
There is more margin of error.
Screen speed
Rare earth phosphors (200-1200) ¼ X mAs
High speed (CaWO4 - 200) ½ X mAs
Par/medium speed (CaWO4 - 100)
A technique of 200 mA, 1/3 sec, 80 kVp with 8:1 grid is used to reach an optimum
density, what change in technique should be made using a 16:1 grid?
X = 66.6 mAs X 6
4
X = 399.6
4
X = 99.9