Adaptive Modulation and Coding for OFDM Systems

Suk Chan Kim Dept. of Electronics Enginerring Pusan National University

Contents
Introduction Adaptive code-rate for OFDM system Adaptive modulation for BICM-OFDM system Conclusion

Introduction
Adaptive transmission techniques improve the performance of wireless communication system by adjusting transmission parameter like modulation, code-rate modulation code rate, and power depending on the channel state adaptively. When adaptive transmission is applied to OFDM system, transmission parameters of each subcarrier are adapted to each subchannel. Adaptive modulation for uncoded OFDM system have been studied widely. d l i f d d h b di d id l We t d d ti W study adaptive code-rate and adaptive coded modulation for OFDM d t d d ti d d d l ti f system.

Adaptive code-rate for OFDM system code rate

Code-rate of each subcarrier is adapted to each subchannel optimally. To bt i diff T obtain different code-rate for each subcarrier, rate-compatible punctured t d t f h b i t tibl t d convolutional (RCPC) code is used Received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used for measure of subchannel state to select appropriate code-rate for each subcarrier. pp p Transmission power and modulation for each subcarrier is fixed for simplication of the adaptation algorithm

Code-rate Code rate selection

Code-rate for each subcarrier are selected according to switching levels. Received SNR and code-rate of each subcarrier is shown in figure. The Th 6th subcarrier selects the code-rate r2 since the received SNR is b i l t th d t i th i d i between s2 and s3.

Optimization
Our optimization problem is

max Rc ( , s) such that BER ( , s) BERT ,

s

s : set of switching level, Rc ( , s) : average code-rate, d t BER( , s) : average BER, BERT : target BER BER. To get optimal switching levels s, Lagrange method is applied to the optimazation.

J ( , s) = Rc ( , s) + BER( , s) BERT

Performance Analysis
Rayleigh fading BPSK modulation. Parent convolutional code: K = 4 g = (1 1 13)8. P l i l d 4, (15,17,13) RCPC code-rates: 8/9, 8/10, 8/14, 8/18, 8/22, 8/24. 4 6 Target BER = 10-4 or 10-6. T t

Average code-rate code rate

Average code-rate of adaptive code-rate OFDM system at BER = 10-4 and 10-6.
0.9 0.8 0.7 A Average code e-rate 0.6 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Average BER = 10-4 g Average BER = 10-6 0 5 10 Average SNR (dB) g 15 20

Average BER
Average BER of adaptive and fixed code-rate OFDM system.
10
-2

1/3 adaptive 1/2 adaptive 10

-3

2/3 adaptive 1/3 fixed 1/2 fixed 2/3 fixed

Average Bit Erro Probability or

10

-4

10

-5 5

10

-6

10

-7

10

-8

10 Es/No [dB]

12

14

16

18

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Conclusion
Code-rate of each subcarrier was adapted to subchannel state to maximize data rate and to satisfy average BER. To get different code-rate and to reduce complexity, RCPC code was used for each subcarrier. o eac subca e . We showed that large SNR gain was achieved by adaptive code-rate g g y p OFDM system. Since we use BPSK modulation, data rate is saturated at high SNR. If high level modulation is used, we can expect more increase of data rate at high SNR. SNR

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BICM-OFDM BICM OFDM system

OFDM system overcome ISI caused from multipath fading using large number of subcarrier and guard interval. Channel coding is essential for OFDM system to cope with faded subca e s. subcarriers. Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is widely used in broadband ( ) y wireless communication since it has high capacity in fading channel and it use bit-interleaver and simple encoder/decoder.

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Adaptive modulation for BICM-OFDM system

Adaptive modulator choose modulation level for each subcarrier according to subchannel state and maps coded bits to QAM symbol using Gray labeling. labeling Demodulator produces the bit metric using transmission mode of each subcarrier.
Transmit y Binary data BICM Encoder Interleaver Modulator
` OFDM

S/P, IDFT, S/P IDFT P/S Add CP

Channel Estimation Receive Binary data y Decoder DeInterleaver

Transmission mode from Transmitter

Multipath fading channel AWGN

Demodulator

S/P, DFT, S/P DFT P/S Remove CP

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Adaptation
Our adaptation policy is to minimize BER under the constant throughput.
m0 ,..., mN 1

min BER subject to

m
k =0

N -1

= Nc

mk : the number of coded bits for kth subcarrier N c : the number of coded bits for a OFDM symbol We obtain Chernoff bound for pairwise error probability of adaptive OFDM-BICM system by assuming ideal bit interleaving.

1 N 1 | hk |2 2 | x z | () f (d , , ) mk E exp 2 4 N c k =0

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Cont. Cont
Using Lagrange method, our adaptation problem is simplified by
min H k mk
mk

| h |2 2 p where H k = mk E exp 2 | x z | . 4

Since mk has discrete values such as {0,1,2,4,6,8}, our optimization is {0 1 2 4 6 8} discrete resource allocation problem. We find Lagrange multiplier that satisfy the given constraint Nc using iterative method.

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Cont. Cont
Example of finding iteratively given Nc = 256
1.000000 0.211130 0.543142 0 543142 0.366540 0.441766 0 441766 0.396836

iteration 0 1 2 3 4 5

k =0

N 1

mk

N 1 k =0

Hk

336 214 281 242 261 256

70.939687 4.676390 29.234550 29 234550 12.005676 19.545568 19 545568 17.418943

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Simulation parameter
Coded bits per subcarrier mk = {0,1 2,4,6,8}. 64 subcarrier, 4.0s OFDM symbol duration. Exponentially decaying multipath intensive profile. E ti ll d i lti th i t i fil Delay spread of rms= 0.2s, max= 0.8s Convolutional code with K=7, g=(1338,1718) Rc=1/2, 2/3 3/4 C l ti l d ith K 7 (133 171 ), 1/2 2/3,

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Simulation result
Bit allocation result for a realization of the multipath channel when SNR = 18 dB, Nc = 256.
1.5 Square of |h| o 1 0.5 0 6 Coded bits/ d Subca arrier 4 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 Subcarrier 40 50 60

10

20

30 subcarrier b i

40

50

60

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Simulation result (2)

BER when Rc=1/2, Nc = 128, 256.
10
0

Adaptive (Nc = 128) 10

-1

Nonadaptive (Nc = 128) Adaptive (Nc = 256) Nondaptive (Nc = 256)

10

-2

BER R

10

-3 3

10

-4

10

-5

10

-6

10 12 SNR (dB)

14

16

18

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Simulation result (3)

BER when Rc=2/3, Nc = 128, 256.
10
0

Adaptive (Nc = 128) 10

-1

Nonadaptive (Nc = 128) Adaptive (Nc = 256) Nonadaptive ( c = 256) p (N )

10

-2

BER R

10

-3 3

10

-4

10

-5

10

-6

10

12

14 SNR (dB)

16

18

20

22

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Simulation result (4)

BER when Rc=3/4, Nc = 128, 256.
10
0

Adaptive (Nc = 128) 10

-1

Nonadaptive (Nc = 128) Adaptive (Nc = 256) Nonadaptive (Nc = 256)

10

-2

BER R

10

-3 3

10

-4

10

-5

10

-6

10

12

14

16 SNR (dB)

18

20

22

24

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Conclusion
Adaptive modulation for BICM-OFDM system was considered. BER bound is minimized under the constant throughput. b d i i i i d d th t t th h t Coded bits C d d bit were allocated to each subcarrier using discrete Lagrange ll t d t h b i i di t L optimization. Simulation results show that adaptive BICM-OFDM system got large SNR gain over nonadaptive one.

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