Torque Tables

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METAL/SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS

Engineering Data/FAQs

Torque Tables
These tables were developed to be used with Garlock spiral
wound gaskets. They are to be used only as a general
guide. They should not be considered to contain absolute
values due to the large number of uncontrollable variables
involved with bolted joints. If there is doubt as to the
proper torque value to use, we suggest that the maximum
value be used.
All bolt torque values are based upon the use of new nuts
(ASTM A194, GR 2H) and new bolts (ASTM A193, GR B7) of
proper design, acceptable quality and approved materials
of construction as well as metallurgy. It is also required
that two hardened steel washers be used under the head
of each nut and that a non-metallic based lubricant (i.e. oil
and graphite) be used on the nuts, bolts and washers.
The flanges are assumed to be in good condition and in
compliance with ASME B16.5 specifications. Special
attention should be given to seating surface finish and
flatness. See "Recommended Flange Finish".
Only torque wrenches that have been calibrated should be
used. The proper bolt tightening pattern must be followed
with the desired ultimate torque value arrived at in a
minimum of three equal increments. All bolts in the flange
should then be checked in consecutive order in a
counterclockwise direction. See "Gasket Installation".
The contact dimensions listed are taken from the ID and
OD of the windings, which are different from the ASME ring
gasket dimensions.
No provisions have been made in these tables to account
for vibration effects on the bolts. These tables are are
based on ambient conditions, without compensation for
elevated temperatures. If conditions different from these
exist, we suggest that further analysis be performed to
determine the appropriate torque values.

Torque Tables
For Spiral Wound Gaskets, ASME
B16.5
Class 150

0.5
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 0.79

0.75

1.25

1.5

2.5

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

3
4
5
6
8

1.25

1.88

2.13

2.75

3.25

6.13

1.56

1.88

2.38

2.75

3.38

3.88

4.75

5.88

1.13

1.53

1.67

2.39

3.01

3.50

5.15

7.47

7.19

10

12

14

16

18

20

9.19 11.31 13.38 14.63 16.63 18.69 20.69 24.75

8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75

16

18.25 20.75 22.75

9.02 12.88 18.25 22.21 30.37 33.07 44.51 63.88 70.36 91.45

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(Sq. in.)
No. of
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.88 0.88
1
1
1.13 1.13 1.25
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60
60
60
60
60
120 120 120 120 200 200 200 320 320 490 490 710 710 1000
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 7560 7560 7560 7560 7560 12120 12120 12120 12120 18120 18120 18120 25140 25140 33060 33060 43680 43680 55740
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 38503 26712 19713 18119 12637 16125 13861 9406 12974 16071 11253 7945 13584 9933 11995 11884 10940 12415 12190
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 9406 10000 10000 10000 7945 10000 9933 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per
16
22
30
33
47
74
87
120
92
124 178 200 236 320 408 412 649 572
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 26712 19713 18119 12637 16125 13861 9406 12974 16071 11253 7945 13584 9933 11995 11884 10940 12415 12190
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
47
60
60
60
60
120 120 120 120 200 200 200 320 320 490 490 710 710 1000
(ft lb)
Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 300

Gsk. ID
Contact
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
(inches)

0.5

0.75

1.25

1.5

2.5

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

3
4
5
6
8

0.75

1.25

1.88

2.13

2.75

3.25

6.13

1.25

1.56

1.88

2.38

2.75

3.38

3.88

4.75

5.88

0.79

1.13

1.55

1.67

2.38

3.03

3.53

5.15

7.52

12

12

16

0.5

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.75

0.63

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.88

7.19

10

12

14

16

18

20

9.19 11.31 13.38 14.63 16.63 18.69 20.69 24.75

8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75

16

18.25 20.75 22.75

8.97 12.85 18.28 22.24 30.25 32.94 44.36 63.78 70.25 91.40
16

20

20

1.13 1.13 1.25

24

24

1.25

1.25

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Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60
120 120 120 200 120 200 200 200 200 200 320 490 710 710 1000 1000 1000 1600
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 7560 12120 12120 12120 18120 12120 18120 18120 18120 18120 18120 25140 33060 43680 43680 55740 55740 55740 84300
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 38522 43079 31319 28994 30517 31983 41110 28139 19287 16166 16925 16502 23782 23102 26520 25133 20975 19044 22135
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per
16
28
38
41
66
38
49
71
104 124 118 194 206 307 268 398 477 525
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 28994 30000 30000 30000 28139 19287 16166 16925 16502 23782 23102 26520 25133 20975 19044 22135
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
47
84
115 120 197 113 146 200 200 200 200 320 490 710 710 1000 1000 1000 1600
(ft lb)
Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 400

Gsk. ID
Contact
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K
(ft lb)

4.75

5.81

6.88

5.88

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

8
10
12
14
16

18

8.88 10.81 12.88 14.25 16.25 18.5

8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75

16

20

24

20.5

24.75

18.25 20.75 22.75

27

9.43 11.97 16.27 22.68 30.92 40.56 41.56 54.17 69.33 76.39 91.40
8

12

12

0.88

0.88

0.88

320

320

320

490

16

16

20

20

24

1.13 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.38

710

24

24

1.5

1.75

1000 1000 1360 1360 1600

3000

25140 25140 25140 33060 43680 55740 55740 69300 69300 84300 118800

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Max. Gsk.
Comp. Available 21329 16807 18540 17493 22600 21988 26826 25588 23991 26485
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per
150 190 173 280 314 455 373 531 567 604
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 21329 16807 18540 17493 22600 21988 26826 25588 23991 26485
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
320 320 320 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1360 1600
(ft lb)

31194

10000

962

3000

2885

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 600

0.5

0.75

1.25

1.5

2.5

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

4
5
6
8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75
1
1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25
4
4.75 5.81 6.88 8.88 10.81 12.88 14.25 16.25 18.5
20.5
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88
7
8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75 16 18.25 20.75 22.75
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 0.79 1.13 1.55 1.67 2.38 3.03 3.53 5.15 9.43 11.97 16.27 22.68 30.92 40.56 41.56 54.17 69.33 76.39
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
16
20
20
20
20
24
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.88
1
1
1.13 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.5
1.63
1.63
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60
120 120 120 200 120 200 200 320 490 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1600 2200 2200
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 7560 12120 12120 12120 18120 12120 18120 18120 25140 33060 33060 43680 55740 55740 69300 84300 100800 100800
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 38522 43079 31319 28994 30517 31983 41110 28139 21329 22102 24381 23112 28840 27486 33353 31127 29080 31669
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per
16
28
38
41
66
38
49
71
150 222 201 307 347 364 408 514
757
695
Bolt (ft
lb)

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Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 28994 30000 30000 30000 28139 21329 22102 24381 23112 28840 27486 30000 30000 29080 30000
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
47
84
115 120 197 113 146 200 320 490 490 710 1000 1000 1223 1542 2200 2084
(ft lb)
Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 900

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

8
10
12
14
16

18
20
24
Gsk. ID
Contact
3.75 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.75 10.88 12.75 14 16.25 18.25 20.5 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact
4.75 5.88
7
8.25 10.13 12.25 14.5 15.75 18
20.5
22.5 26.75
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact
6.67 9.43 11.97 16.27 20.45 24.88 37.43 40.87 47.05 68.44 67.51 80.86
(Sq. in.)
No. of
8
8
8
12
12
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
0.88 1.13 1.25 1.13 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.5
1.63
1.88
2
2.5
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi
320 710 1000 710 1360 1360 1360 1600 2200 4000 4400 8800
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K
25140 43680 55740 43680 69300 69300 69300 84300 100800 138240 159120 257520
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Available 30142 37059 37264 32213 40660 44575 37024 41254 42847 40396 47140 63699
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per
106 192 268 220 334 305 367 388
513
990
933
1381
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
318 575 805 661 1003 915 1102 1164 1540 2971 2800 4144
(ft lb)
Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 1500

0.5

0.75

1.25

1.5

2.5

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

4
5
6
8
10

12

14

16

18

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Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75
1
1.25 1.56 1.88 2.31 2.75 3.63 4.63 5.63 6.75
8.5
10.5 12.75 14.25
16
18.25
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88
7
8.25 10.13 12.25 14.5 15.75
18
20.5
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 0.79 1.13 1.55 2.54 3.16 4.78 5.88 7.37 10.31 13.58 17.66 23.84 31.25 37.43 35.55 53.38 68.44
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
0.75 0.75 0.88 0.88
1
0.88
1
1.13 1.25 1.5 1.38 1.63
1.88
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 200 200 320 320 490 320 490 710 1000 1600 1360 2200 4000 4400 6360 8800 11840
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 18120 18120 25140 25140 33060 25140 33060 43680 55740 84300 69300 100800 138240 159120 205380 257520 315540 379440
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 92331 64405 64964 39650 41821 42081 44971 47429 43239 49651 47083 50742 53079 68010 93024 77188 73765
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per
22
31
49
81
117
76
109 150 231 322 289
434
754
647
684
1140 1605
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
65
93
148 242 351 228 327 449 694 967 867 1301 2261 1941 2051 3420 4815
(ft lb)
Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 2500

Gsk. ID
Contact
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact
(inches)

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

2
2.5
3
4
5

0.5

0.75

1.25

1.5

0.75

1.25

1.56

1.88 2.31 2.75 3.63 4.63

1.25

1.56

1.88

2.38

2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88

10

12

5.63

6.75

8.5

10.63

12.5

8.25

10.13

12.25

14.5

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Gsk. Area
Contact
0.79 1.13 1.55 2.54 3.16 4.78 5.88 7.37 10.31 13.58 17.66 23.84 29.10 42.39
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
Bolts
Size of
Bolts
0.75 0.75 0.88
1
1.13
1
1.13 1.25 1.5
1.75
2
2
2.5
2.75
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi
200 200 320 490 710 490 710 1000 1600 3000 4400 4400 8800 11840
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K
18120 18120 25140 33060 43680 33060 43680 55740 84300 118800 159120 159120 257520 315540
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Available 92331 64405 64964 52141 55255 55338 59417 60524 65394 69970 72071 80101 106207 89325
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per
22
31
49
94
128
89
119 165 245
429
611
549
829
1325
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque
65
93
148 282 385 266 358 496 734 1286 1832 1648 2486 3976
(ft lb)
Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Torque to Stress Bolts

The torque required to produce a certain stress in bolting is dependent on several conditions, including:
Diameter and number of threads on bolt
Condition of nut bearing surfaces
Lubrication of bolt threads and nut bearing surfaces.
The tables below reflect the results of many tests to determine the relation between torque and bolt stress. Values are based on
steel bolts that have been well-lubricated with a heavy graphite and oil mixture.
A non-lubricated bolt has an efficiency of about 50% of a well-lubricated bolt. Also, different lubricants produce results that vary
from 50% to 100% of the tabulated stress figures.

For Alloy Steel Stud Bolts (Load in pounds on stud bolts when torque load is applied)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8

3/4

7/8

Nominal Diameter of Bolt (inches)

1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8

Number
of
20
18
16
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
Threads
(per inch)
Diameter
at Root
0.185 0.240 0.294 0.345 0.400 0.454 0.507 0.620 0.731 0.838 0.963 1.088 1.213 1.338 1.463
of Thread
(inches)

1.588

1.713

1.838

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Area
at Root
0.027 0.045 0.068 0.093 0.126 0.162 0.202 0.302 0.419 0.551 0.728
of Thread
(sq. inch)
30,000
psi
4
8
12
20
30
45
60
100 160 245 355
Torque
(ft lbs)
30,000
psi
810 1350 2040 2790 3780 4860 6060 9060 12570 16530 21840
CompresS sion (lbs)
45,000
T
psi
6
12
18
30
45
68
90
150 240 368 533
Torque
R
(ft lbs)
45,000
E
psi
1215 2025 3060 4185 5670 7290 9090 13590 18855 24795 32760
CompresS
sion (lbs)
S 60,000
psi
8
16
24
40
60
90 120 200 320 490 710
Torque
(ft lbs)
60,000
psi
1620 2700 4080 5580 7560 9720 12120 18120 25140 33060 43680
Compression (lbs)

0.929 1.155 1.405 1.680

500

680

800

1100

1.980

2.304

2.652

1500

2000

2200

27870 34650 42150 50400 59400 69120 79560

750

1020 1200

1650

2250

3000

3300

41805 51975 63225 75600 89100 103680 119340

1000 1360 1600

2200

3000

4000

4400

55740 69300 84300 100800 118800 138240 159120

For Machine Bolts and Cold Rolled Steel Stud Bolts (Load in pounds on stud bolts when torque load is applied)
Nominal Diameter of Bolt (inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8
1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8
Number
of
20
18
16
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
Threads
(per inch)
Diameter
at Root
0.185 0.240 0.294 0.345 0.400 0.454 0.507 0.620 0.731 0.838 0.939
of Thread
(inches)
Area
at Root
0.027 0.045 0.068 0.093 0.126 0.162 0.202 0.302 0.419 0.551 0.693
of Thread
(sq. inch)
7,500 psi
Torque
1
2
3
5
8
12
15
25
40
62
98
(ft lbs)
7,500 psi
Compres- 203 338 510 698 945 1215 1515 2265 3143 4133 5190
sion (lbs)
S
15,000
psi
2
4
6
10
15
23
30
50
80
123 195
T
Torque
(ft lbs)
R
15,000
psi
E
405 675 1020 1395 1890 2340 3030 4530 6285 8265 10380
CompresS sion (lbs)
30,000
psi
S
4
8
12
20
30
45
60 100 160 245 390
Torque
(ft lbs)
30,000
psi
810 1350 2040 2790 3780 4860 6060 9060 12570 16530 20760
Compression (lbs)

5-1/2

2
4-1/2

1.064 1.158 1.283 1.389 1.490 1.615 1.711

0.890 1.054 1.294 1.515 1.744 2.049 2.300

137

183

219

300

390

525

563

6675 7905 9705 11363 13080 15368 17250

273

365

437

600

775

1050 1125

13350 15810 19410 22725 26160 30735 34500

545

730

875

1200 1550 2100 2250

26700 31620 38820 45450 52320 61470 69000

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WARNING:
Properties/application shown here are typical. Your specific application should not be undertaken without independent study and
evaluation for suitability. For specific application recommendations consult Garlock. Failure to select the proper sealing products
could result in property damage and/or serious personal injury.
Performance data published here has been developed from field testing, customer field reports and/or in-house testing.
While the utmost care has been used in compiling this information, we assume no responsibility for errors. Specifications subject
to change without notice. This edition cancels all previous issues. Subject to change without notice.
Back to Metallic Gaskets

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