Development of a Boost Converter with a PWM Controller ---------------------

A Project in ANSYSDE Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering College of Engineering, De La Salle University

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In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Science in Electronics and Communications Engineering

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by Cubillan, Rennell D. Dee, Robert Isaac T. Endraca, Paulo D. Enriquez, Ana Margarita G. Poblete, Hazel Diane V.

September, 2009

Introductory Information
Switching power supply has increased its usefulness and has become one of the fastest growing markets in the world of power conversion. Its size advantage and performance can deal with the needs of modern and compact electronic equipment. With its advantage in size, it is often more practical to use switching power supply to suit the requirements of portability, mobility and compactness. The primary advantages of a switching power supply are efficiency, size and weight. Despite of its complex design and produces more electrical noise than its counterpart the linear regulator, it is still used in the industry where size and efficiency are of greatest concern. Modern battery-powered devices such as notebooks, mobile phones and cameras require higher operating voltage than what its battery could supply. In order to solve this problem, stacking of battery cells in series could be done to achieve higher voltage, however too much stacking of battery cells would demand space. As a result, boost converters are used to increase the voltage and reduce the number stacked battery cells. The operation of the boost circuit is more subtle in that it first stores energy in a choke and then delivers this energy plus the input line to the load. The most optimistic note concerning switchers is in the component area. Switching power supply components have actually evolved from components used in similar applications. And it is very likely that newer and more mature products specifically for switchers will continue to appear over the next several years. The ultimate effect of this evolution will be to further simplify, cost-reduce and increase the reliability of these designs.

General Objective
To construct a boost converter circuit that will boost an 8 volts input to 10 volts output even with a resistive load.

Specific Objective
1. To construct a boost converter circuit using LM3524 or equivalent. 2. To build the abovementioned circuit on a breadboard. 3. To boost an 8 volts input to around 10 volts. 4. To maintain the 10 volts output even with resistive load.

5. To create an inductor using copper winding and an iron core. 6. To solve for all parameters based on the formula given.

Procedure
1. Make the necessary calculations for the boost converter circuit. 2. Look for the required components. Verify all major components using the appropriate data sheets. 3. Construct the boost converter circuit found in the LM3524 data sheet. 4. Test the circuit without a load. 5. Set up the load at the output of the converter. 6. Take output voltage using a VOM across the load. 7. If the desired output voltage is not met, make necessary adjustments. 8. Observe. Make proper analysis. 9. Draw conclusion.

Schematic Diagram

Circuit Operation
This main purpose of this entire circuit is to step up an 8V to 10V. An input of 8V is fed to the LM3524. 8V is coincidentally the minimum input voltage required to drive this integrated circuit. The purpose of this IC will serve as a pulse width modulation. Thus upon inputting the voltage, the output is also monitored by the LM3524 and will vary it accordingly so that a 10V output is achieved. There is a comparator within the integrated circuit that compares the actual output to the ideal output. The purpose of capacitors is to minimize the ripple factor. Ideally, no ripple is best. At one of the diodes, it is possible to view the pulse width modulation. Varying the load will vary this pulse width modulation. The duty cycle will vary in terms of the high and low portions of each period. It is possible to test the functionality of the LM3524 integrated circuit by observing the voltage at the negative inverting and positive inverting pins, 0V and 2.5V respectively.

Specification

Design Calculations

Assume parallel

------> 3 -- 470pF in

------> 10k + 1k + 820 in series

Assume Note: L should be in mH: -----> 2 -- 1F in series

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Considerations Replace main switching transistor by power MOSFET because of the ff. More efficient Simpler design since there is no base current required

Choosing components, MOSFET:

Diode:

IRF530

N-channel, 75 W, 100 V, 0.16, 14 A (TO-220)

1N4001

1 A, 50 V (00-41 plastic)

Inverting Transistor:

TIP 48

NPN, 5 W, 60 V, 100 MHz, 0.7 A (TO-39)

Assessment of Project Performance

Given our specifications, it was found that while making the inductor, the more copperwire turns on the iron core, the higher the value of the inductor. However, despite the discrepancies of the actual inductor value to the computed inductor value, it was found that our tested circuit will still more or less give the same necessary output of 10 volts. Given the data, the group was able to observe that without any load, the output, given an 8 volt input, is about 10 volts. This adheres to our objective of boosting an 8 volt input to a 10 volt output. This

is during a no-load condition. Furthermore, the group, upon solving for the resistance load, found that it is necessary to adjust the value of the computed resistance of 66.67 ohms for the load as they observed that the voltage output will be lower than the desired output. Thus, upon varying the resistance to a higher value, the output will reach about 10 volts when the resistance value hits 330 ohms. However, varying the resistance load more by the thousands will allow a variation between 10 10.2 volts output. Also, upon applying an oscillator probe to the diode nearest the integrated circuit, the group observed a voltage ripple. This is perhaps due to the capacitors placed in the circuit. It was seen that varying the capacitor values will also vary the ripple as well as the duty cycle of the circuit. Ideally also, changing the resistance of the load will also bring about change in the pulse width modulation of the duty cycle without changing the frequency.

Conclusion
We therefore conclude that this project was able to meet all necessary specifications. It was successful in boosting an 8V input to a 10V output even with a resistive load. There is also sufficient line and load regulation. This was tested through varying resistances and input voltage respectively. The ripple obtained in the circuit was found to be relatively large at first. This was corrected by varying capacitor values, making it large enough such that the ripple minimizes, but not so large as to saturate the voltage. The group was also able to conclude that there is relationship between the resistance load to the pulse width modulation. This was tested by varying the load and observing reaction of the circuit on an oscillator.