Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects On MHD Mixed Free Convective Flow Through A Porous Medium With Viscous Dissipation

International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology,
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects on MHD Mixed free
Convective Flow through a Porous Medium with Viscous
Dissipation

Y.Sudarshan Reddy
1
, K.S.Balamurugan
2
, S.V.K.Varma
3
and N.Ch.S.N.Iyengar
4

1
Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
sudha.yarramachu@gmail.com
2
Department of Mathematics, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur,
Andhra Pradesh, India
muruganbalaks@gmail.com
3
Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
svijayakumarvarma@yahoo.co.in
4
School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
Nchsniyengar48@gmail.com

Abstract

In this paper the effects of Radiation and chemical reaction on MHD unsteady two-dimensional laminar mixed
convective boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting and chemically reacting fluid
in an optically thin environment, past a semi-infinite vertical permeable moving plate embedded in a uniform
porous medium, in the presence of thermal radiation is considered. The x-axis taken in the upward direction
along the plate and y-axis normal to it. A uniform magnetic field is applied in the direction perpendicular to the
plate. The transverse applied magnetic field and magnetic Reynolds number are assumed to be very small, so that
the induced magnetic field is neglected. The equations governing the fluid flow are solved using perturbation
technique. The expressions for Skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number are also derived. Dimensionless
velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are displayed graphically for different values of the parameters
entering into the problem like Prandtl number Pr, Reynolds number R, Hartmann number M, Thermal Grashof
number Gr, Mass Grashof number Gm, Suction parameter A, Eeckert number Ec, Schmidt number Sc.

1. Introduction
Heat and mass transfer phenomena are found everywhere in nature and are important in all branches of
Science and Technology. The involvement and application of heat and mass transfer processes go to greater lengths
in numerous fields of Science, Engineering and Technology. Heat and mass transfer operations quite often occur in
the fields of Electric Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aeronautics, Metallurgy, Environmental Engineering,
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, Biological and Industrial processes. The study of Geophysics, Astronomy,
Meteorology, Agriculture, Oceanography and food processing demand the knowledge of heat and mass transfer.
Heat and mass transfer flows are highly significant for their varied practical importance. Many examples of heat and
mass transfer applications can be cited from the environment.
The study on flows through porous media is of great interest in many scientific and engineering
applications. A study on such type of flows is applied to the problems of movement of underground water resources
and for filtration and water purification process. The petroleum industry has been showing a lot of interest in these
problems in connection with the crude oil production from the underground reservoirs. These reservoirs contain
many process materials like limestone and dolomite where oil is preserved. Oil can be obtained by drilling wells
down into the reservoir and can be allowed the oil to flow through the porous regions of the well. Since the
percentage of oil recovery is an important factor in the oil economy, it is necessary to apply to know how concerning
the mechanics of oil production to increase the recovery percentage. The textile technologist is interested in fluid
flow through fibers; biologists are interested in water movement through plant roots of the cells of living systems.
Newtonian fluids in porous media are small at Reynolds number. Darcys law is generally accepted as the
macroscopic equation of motion. The flow through porous media, by considering the boundary layer, type of
equation is governed by the usual Darcys law. We have different forms of Darcys law can be verified
experimentally. The law was empirically established by Darcy.

October Issue Page 86 of 105 ISSN 2229 5216
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

The growth of civilization over the world is the history of the growth of energy. An energy-deficient
society is weak and cannot make economic advancement and it is primarily the electrical energy that keeps the
wheels of progress moving at a very acceleratating pace. The main source of electrical energy has been fossil fuels,
hydel and nuclear, even though solar energy geothermal energy, wind power, tidal power and fusion power offer
hopeful and technological alternatives. However, for most of the nations, the main burden of rapid growth rate of
electrical power production for the next few decades is to be borne by power stations using fossil fuel-fired steam
turbine-units. In this next context the advent of direct conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy by means of
a Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) converter has gained considerable attention. MHD has many applications in
science and industry. To name a few, Astrophysical Geophysical and Cosmic physics. It is still very important, in
the problem of fusion power. It has applications in the creation and containment of hot plasmas by electromagnetic
forces, since material walls would be destroyed. Astrophysical includes solar structure especially in the outer layers,
the solar wind bathing the earth and other planets, and interstellar magnetic fields. The primary geophysical is
plenary magnetism, produced by currents deep in the planet. Thermonuclear fusion and direct energy conversion are
some of the areas volume MHD plays an important role even with present level of knowledge and engineering
technology, which is the result of the first generation open circle.
Combined heat and mass transfer (or double-diffusion) in fluid-saturated porous media finds applications in
a variety of engineering processes such as heat exchanger devices, petroleum reservoirs, chemical catalytic reactors
and processes, geothermal and geophysical engineering such as moisture migration in fibrous insulation and nuclear
waste disposal and others. Double diffusive flow is driven by buoyancy due to temperature and concentration
gradients. Bejan and Khair [1] investigated the vertical free convection boundary layer flow in porous media owing
to combined heat and mass transfer. Lai and Kulacki [2] used the series expansion method to investigate coupled
heat and mass transfer in natural convection from a sphere in a porous medium. The suction and blowing effects on
free convection coupled heat and mass transfer over a vertical plate in saturated porous medium was studied by
Raptis et al. [3] and Lai and Kulacki [4], respectively.
There has been a renewed interest in studying magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer in
porous and non-porous media due to the effect of magnetic fields on the boundary layer flow control and on the
performance of many systems using electrically conducting fluids. In addition, this type of flow finds applications in
many engineering problems such as MHD generators, plasma studies, nuclear reactors, and geothermal energy
extractions. Raptis et al. [5] analyzed hydromagnetic free convection flow through a porous medium between two
parallel plates. Gribben [6] presented the boundary layer flow over a semi-infinite plate with an aligned magnetic
field in the presence of pressure gradient. He obtained solutions for large and small magnetic Prandtl number using
the method of matched asymptotic expansion. Helmy [7] presented an unsteady two-dimensional laminar free
convection flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting (Newtonian or polar) fluid through a porous medium
bounded by infinite vertical plane surface of constant temperature. Soundalgekar et al. [8] analyzed the problem of
free convection effects on Stokes problem for a vertical plate under the action of transversely applied magnetic field
with mass transfer. Gregantopoulos et al. [9] studied two-dimensional unsteady free convection and mass transfer
flow of an incompressible viscous dissipative and electrically conducting fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate.
In many chemical engineering processes, there does occur the chemical reaction between a foreign mass
and the fluid in which the plate is moving. These processes take place in numerous industrial applications viz.,
polymer production, manufacturing of ceramics or glass ware and food processing. Dekha et al. [10] investigated the
effect of the first order homogeneous chemical reaction on the process of an unsteady flow past a vertical plate with
a constant heat and mass transfer. Chamkha [11] studied the MHD flow of a numerical of uniformly stretched
vertical permeable surface in the presence of heat generation/ absorption and a chemical reaction.
Muthucumaraswamy [12] presented heat and mass transfer effects on a continuously moving isothermal vertical
surface with uniform suction by taking into account the homogeneous chemical reaction of first order.
Muthucumaraswamy and Meenakshisundaram [13] investigated theoretical study of chemical reaction effects on
vertical oscillating plate with variable temperature and mass diffusion.
For some industrial applications such as glass production and furnace design, and in space technology
applications such as cosmical flight aerodynamics rocket, propulsion systems, plasma physics and spacecraft re-
entry aerothermodynamics which operate at higher temperatures, radiation effects can be significant. In view of this,
Hossain and Takhar [14] analyzed the effect of radiation on mixed convection along a vertical plate with uniform
surface temperature. Bakier and Gorla [15] investigated the effect of radiation on mixed convection flow over
horizontal surfaces embedded in a porous medium. Kim and Fedorov [16] analyzed transient mixed radiative
convective flow of a micropolar fluid past a moving semi-infinite vertical porous plate. Bestman and Adjepong [17]
presented unsteady hydromagnetic free convection flow with radiative heat transfer in a rotating fluid.

Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

In most of the studies mentioned above, viscous dissipation is neglected. Gebhart [18] has shown the
importance of viscous dissipative heat in free convection flow in the case of isothermal and constant heat flux at the
plate. Gebhart and Mollendorf [19] considered the effects of viscous dissipation for external natural convection flow
over a surface. Soundalgekar [20] analyzed viscous dissipative heat on the two-dimensional unsteady free
convective flow past an infinite vertical porous plate when the temperature oscillates in time and there is constant
suction at the plate. Israel Cookey et al. [21] investigated the influence of viscous dissipation and radiation on
unsteady MHD free convection flow past an infinite heated vertical plate in a porous medium with time dependent
suction. Balamurugan et al. [22] investigated the Thermo-diffusion and Chemical reaction effects on a three
dimensional MHD mixed convective flow along an infinite vertical porous plate with viscous and joules dissipation.
In this paper the effects of Radiation and chemical reaction on MHD unsteady two-dimensional laminar
mixed convective boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting and chemically reacting
fluid in an optically thin environment, past a semi-infinite vertical permeable moving plate embedded in a uniform
porous medium, in the presence of thermal radiation is considered. The equations governing the fluid flow are
solved using perturbation technique. The expressions for Skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number are also
derived. Dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are displayed graphically for different
values of the parameters entering into the problem.

2. Mathematical Formulation

An unsteady two-dimensional hydro magnetic laminar mixed convective boundary layer flow of a viscous,
incompressible, electrically conducting and chemically reacting fluid in an optically thin environment, past a semi-
infinite vertical permeable moving plate embedded in a uniform porous medium, in the presence of thermal radiation
is considered. The x' - axis is taken in the upward direction along the plate and y' - axis normal to it. A uniform
magnetic field is applied in the direction perpendicular to the plate. The transverse applied magnetic field and
magnetic Reynolds number are assumed to be very small, so that the induced magnetic field is negligible. Also, it is
assumed that the there is no applied voltage, so that the electric field is absent. The concentration of the diffusing
species in the binary mixture is assumed to be very small in comparison with the other chemical species which are
present, and hence the Soret and Dufour effects are negligible. Further due to the semi-infinite plane surface
assumption, the flow variables are functions of normal distance y' and t' only.
Under the usual Boussinesqs approximation, the governing boundary layer equations are

0 =
' c
' c
y
v
(1)
o
v | | v
u B
K
u
C C g T T g
y
u
x
p
y
u
v
t
u '
'
'
' ' + ' ' +
' c
' c
+
' c
' c
=
' c
' c
' +
' c
' c

2
0 *
2
2
) ( ) (
1
(2)
2
2
2
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
' c
' c
+
(
' c
' c
' c
' c
=
' c
' c
' +
' c
' c
y
u
c y
q
k y
T
y
T
v
t
T
p
v
o (3)
0 16 3
3
1
* 2
1
2
2
=
' c
' c
' '
' c
' c
y
T
T q
y
q
o o o (4)
( )
' ' '

' c
' c
=
' c
' c
' +
' c
' c
C C K
y
C
D
y
C
v
t
C
r
2
2
(5)

The boundary conditions for the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are
t n
w p
e T T T T u u
' '

' ' + ' = ' ' = ' ) ( , c 0 ) ( = ' ' ' + ' = '
' '

y at e C C C C
t n
w
c (6)
' '
' ' + = ' = ' T T e U U u

t n
, ) 1 (
0
c , ' ' '

y as C C

Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

The suction velocity normal to the plate is assumed in the form
) 1 (
0
t n
e A V v
' '
+ = ' c
(7)
Where A is a real positive constant, and c is small such that c << 1, c A << 1, and V
0
is a non-zero positive constant,
the negative sign indicates that the suction is towards the plate.

In order to write the governing equations and the boundary conditions in dimensionless form, the following non-
dimensional quantities are introduced.
0
0
0 0
, , ,
U
U
U
v
y V
y
V
v
v
U
u
u

'
=
'
=
'
=
'
= , , ,
2
0
0
v
V t
t
U
u
U
p
p
'
=
'
=
' '
' '
=
T T
T T
w
u ,
2
2
0
2
0
, ,
v
V K
K
V
v n
n
C C
C C
C
w
'
=
'
=
' '
' '
=
,
, Pr
o
v
v
= =
k
C
p
(8)

,
D
Sc
v
=
2
0
2
0
V
B
M
v o
=
2
0 0
*
2
0 0
) (
,
) (
V U
C C g
Gm
V U
T T g
Gr
w w
' '
=
' '
=
v| | v
,
) (
2
0
' '
=
T T c
U
Ec
w p
,
2
0
2
1 2
) (
kU c
T T
R
p
w
o

' '
= ,
2
0
V
K
K
r
r
v '
=

The governing equations (2) to (5) can be rewritten in the non-dimensional form as follows
) ( ) 1 (
2
2
u U N C Gm Gr
y
u
t d
U d
y
u
e A
t
u
nt
+ + +
c
c
+ =
c
c
+
c
c
u c (9)
y
e A
t
nt
c
c
+
c
c u
c
u
) 1 ( =
2
2
2
2
Pr
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
(
c
c
y
u
Ec R
y
u
(10)
C K
y
C
Sc y
C
e A
t
C
r
nt
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
2
2
1
) 1 ( c (11)
where ) / 1 ( K M N + = and Gr, Gm, Pr, R, Ec
,
Sc and
r
K are the thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof
Number, Prandtl Number, radiation parameter, Eckert number, Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter
respectively.
The corresponding dimensionless boundary conditions are
0 1 , 1 , = + = + = = y at e C e U u
nt nt
p
c c u
+ =

y as C e U U
nt
0 , 0 , 1 u c (12)

3. Solution Methodology

When the amplitude of oscillations (<<1) is very small. We can assume the solutions of flow velocity u,
temperature and concentration C in the neighbourhood of the plate is:
... ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , (
2
1 0
+ + + = c c o y u e y u t y u
nt

... ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , (
2
1 0
+ + + = c u c u u o y e y t y
nt
(13)
... ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , (
2
1 0
+ + + = c c o y C e y C t y C
nt

Substituting (13) in Equations (9) - (11) and equating the harmonic and non- harmonic terms, and neglecting the
higher-order terms of o(c
2
), we obtain
0 0 0 0 0
C Gm Gr N Nu u u = ' + ' ' u (14)
1 1 0 1 1 1
) ( ) ( C Gm Gr u A n N u n N u u ' + = + ' + ' ' u (15)
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

( )
2
0 0 0 0
Pr Pr u Ec R ' = ' + ' ' u u u (16)
1 0 0 1 1 1
Pr 2 Pr Pr) ( Pr u u Ec A n R ' ' ' = + ' + ' ' u u u u (17)
0
0 0 0
= ' + ' ' C Sc K C Sc C
r
(18)
( )
0 1 1 1
C Sc A C Sc n K C Sc C
r
' = + ' + ' ' (19)
Where prime denotes ordinary differentiation with respect to y
The corresponding boundary conditions can be written as
0 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0 ,
1 0 1 0 1 0
= = = = = = = y at C C u U u
p
u u (20)
= = y as C C u u 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 , 1
1 0 1 0 1 0
u u
The Equations (14) - (19) are still coupled and non-linear, whose exact solutions are not possible. So we expand
1 0 1 0 1 0
, , , , , C C u u u u

in terms of Ec in the following form, as the Eckert number is very small for incompressible
flows.
) ( ) ( ) (
02 01 0
y Ecu y u y u + =
) ( ) ( ) (
12 11 1
y u Ec y u y u + =
) ( ) ( ) (
02 01 0
y Ec y y u u u + = (21)
) ( ) ( ) (
12 11 1
y Ec y y u u u + =
) ( ) ( ) (
02 01 0
y C Ec y C y C + =
) ( ) ( ) (
12 11 1
y C Ec y C y C + =
Substituting (21) in Equations (14) - (19), equating the coefficients of Ec to zero and neglecting the terms in Ec
2

and higher order, we get the following equations.

The zeroth order equations are
01 01 01 01 01
C Gm Gr N Nu u u = ' + ' ' u (22)
02 02 02 02 02
C Gm Gr u N u u = ' + ' ' u (23)
0 Pr
01
2
01 01
= ' + ' ' u u u R (24)
Pr Pr
02
2
02 02
= ' + ' ' u u u R
2
01
u' (25)
0
01 01 01
= ' + ' ' C K C Sc C
r
(26)
0
02 02 02
= ' + ' ' C K C Sc C
r
(27)
and the respective boundary conditions are
0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 ,
02 01 02 01 02 01
= = = = = = C C u U u
p
u u at 0 = y
(28)

0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1
02 01 02 01 02 01
C C u u u u as y

The first order equations are
01 11 11 11 11 1
) ( ) ( u A C Gm Gr n N u n N u u ' + = + ' + ' ' u (29)
02 12 12 12 12 12
) ( u A C Gm Gr u n N u u ' = + ' + ' ' u (30)
01 11 11 11
Pr Pr u u u u ' = ' + ' ' A pr n (31)
11 01 02 12 1 12 12
Pr 2 Pr Pr u u A N ' ' ' = ' + ' ' u u u u (32)
( )
01 11 11 11
C ASc C Sc n K C Sc C
r
' = + ' + ' ' (33)
( )
02 12 12 12
C ASc C Sc n K C Sc C
r
' = + ' + ' ' (34)
Where N1

= R
2
+ nPr

Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

and the respective boundary conditions are
0 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 0 , 0
12 11 12 11 12 11
= = = = = = C C u u u u at 0 = y
(35)

0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 1
12 11 12 11 12 11
C C u u u u as y

Solving Equations (22) - (27) under the boundary conditions (28), and Equations (29)-(34) under the boundary
conditions (35), and using Equations (13) and (21), we obtain the velocity, temperature and concentration
distributions in the boundary layer as
) , ( t y u =
3
B
y m
e
4
+
1
B
y m
e
3
+
2
B
y m
e
1
+1+ Ec {
10
J
y m
e
4
+
1
J
y m
e
3
+
2
J
y m
e
4
2

+J
3
y m
e
3
2
+
4
J
y m
e
1
2
+
5
J +
6
J
( )y m m
e
1 3
+
+
7
J
( )y m m
e
1 4
+
}
+
nt
e c [{
10
G
( ) y m
e
6
+
1
G
y m
e
4
+
2
G
y m
e
3
+ G
3
y m
e
1
+
4
G
y m
e
1
+
5
G
y m
e
4
+1}
+ Ec {
20
Z
y m
e
6
+Z
1
y m
e
4
+
2
Z
y m
e
4
2
+
3
Z
y m
e
3
2
+ Z
4
y m
e
2
2
+
5
Z
y m
e
1
2

+
6
Z
( )y m m
e
4 3
+
+Z
7
( )y m m
e
1 3
+
+
8
Z
( )y m m
e
1 6
+
+
9
Z
( )y m m
e
3 5
+

+
10
Z
( )y m m
e
4 3
+
+
11
Z
( )y m m
e
1 5
+
+
12
Z
( )y m m
e
1 3
+
+ Z
13
( )y m m
e
1 6
+

+ Z
14
( )y m m
e
)
4 5
+
+
15
Z
( )y m m
e
2 4
+
+
16
Z
( )y m m
e
3 4
+
+
17
Z
y m
e
4
}] (36)
) , ( t y u =
y m
e
2
+ Ec {
10
S
y m
e
3
+
1
S
y m
e
4
2
+S
2
y m
e
3
2
+S
3
y m
e
1
2
+ S
4
( )y m m
e
3 4
+

+S
5
( )y m m
e
1 3
+
+
6
S
( )y m m
e
1 4
+
} +
nt
e c [{
2
D
y m
e
5
+
1
D
y m
e
3
} + Ec {R
1
y m
e
3

+R
2
y m
e
4
2
+R
3
y m
e
1
2
+
4
R
( )y m m
e
3 4
+
+
5
R
( )y m m
e
1 3
+
+R
6
( )y m m
e
1 4
+
+R
7
y m
e
3
2

+R
8
( )y m m
e
5 3
+
+
9
R
( )y m m
e
1 2
+
+
10
R
( )y m m
e
3 6
+
+
11
R
( )y m m
e
1 5
+
+
12
R
( )y m m
e
1 12
+

+
13
R
( )y m m
e
1 6
+
+
14
R
( )y m m
e
2 4
+
+
15
R
( )y m m
e
2 4
+
+
16
R
( )y m m
e
6 4
+

+
20
R
y m
e
4
}] (37)
) , ( t y C =
y m
e
1
+
nt
e c [(1+
n
Am
1
)
y m
e
2
y m
e
n
Am
1
1
] (38)

4. Skin Friction And Heat And Mass Flux

The skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are important physical parameters for this type of
boundary layer flow. Knowing the velocity field, the skin-friction at the plate can be obtained, which in non-
dimensional form is given by
f
C

=
0 0
V U
w
t '
=
0 =
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
y
y
u
=
0
1 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
y
nt
y
u
e
y
u
c
=
1 4 3 3 4 2 3 1 4 10 1 2 3 1 4 3
2 2 2 { m J m J m J m J m J Ec m B m B m B +

1 3 3 2 4 1 6 10 1 4 7 1 3 6 4 3 5
[ )} ( ) ( ) ( m G m G m G m G e m m J m m J m m J
nt
+ + + + c
) ( 2 2 2 { }
4 3 6 1 5 3 4 4 3 4 1 6 20 5 5 2 4
m m Z m Z m Z m Z m Z m Z Ec m G m G + +
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
1 5 11 4 3 10 3 5 9 1 6 8 1 3 7
m m Z m m Z m m Z m m Z m m Z + + + + +
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
3 4 16 2 4 15 5 4 14 1 6 13 1 3 12
m m Z m m Z m m Z m m Z m m Z + + + + +
}]
4 17
m Z
( )y m m
e
4 3
+
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

Knowing the temperature field, the rate of heat transfer coefficient can be obtained, which in the non-dimensional
form, in terms of the Nusselt number, is given by

Nu
=
= '
' '
|
.
|
\
|
' c
c
T T
y
T
x
w
y 0

0
1
Re
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=
y
x
y
Nu
u
=
0
1 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
y
nt
y
e
y
u
c
u

= ) ( ) ( 2 2 2 { (
1 3 5 3 4 4 1 3 3 2 4 1 3 10 2
m m S m m S m S m S m S m S Ec m + + +

1 3 4 2 3 1 3 1 5 2 1 4 6
2 2 { } [{ )} ( m R m R m R Ec m D m D e m m S
nt
+ + + c
) ( 2 ) ( ) ( ) (
5 3 8 3 7 1 4 6 1 3 5 3 4 4
m m R m R m m R m m R m m R + + + +
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
1 6 13 1 2 12 1 5 11 3 6 10 3 2 9
m m R m m R m m R m m R m m R + + + + +
}] ) ( ) ( ) (
4 20 6 4 16 2 4 15 5 4 14
m R m m R m m R m m R + + +
Where Re
x
=
v
x V
0
is the local Reynolds number.

The Sherwood number, is given by
Sh
=
= '
' '
|
.
|
\
|
' c
' c
C C
y
C
x
w
y 0

0
1
Re
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=
y
x
y
C
Sh =
0
1 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
y
nt
y
C
e
y
C
c
= }] ) 1 ( { [
2
1
1
2 1
Am
n
Am
m e m
nt
+ + + c

5. Results And Discussion
The formulation of the problem that accounts for the effects of radiation and viscous dissipation on the flow
of an incompressible viscous chemically reacting fluid along a semi-infinite, vertical moving porous plate embedded
in a porous medium in the presence of transverse magnetic field was accomplished in the preceding sections.
Following Cogley et al. [20] approximation for the radiative heat flux in the optically thin environment, the
governing equations of the flow field were solved analytically, using a perturbation method, and the expressions for
the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number were obtained. In
order to get a physical insight of the problem, the above physical quantities are computed numerically for different
values of the governing parameters viz., thermal Grashof number Gr, the solutal Grashof number Gm, Prandtl
number Pr, Schmidt number Sc, the plate velocity U
p
, the radiation parameter R and the Eckert number Ec.
In order to assess the accuracy of this method, we have compared our results with accepted data for the
velocity and temperature profiles for a stationary vertical porous plate corresponding to the case computed by
Helmy [7] and to the case of moving vertical porous plate as computed by Kim [16]. The results of these
comparisons are found to be in very good agreement.
Fig.1 presents the typical velocity profiles in the boundary layer for various values of the thermal Grashof
number. It is observed that an increase in Gr, leads to a rise in the values of velocity due to enhancement in buoyancy
force. Here, the positive values of Gr correspond to cooling of the plate. In addition, it is observed that the velocity
increases rapidly near the wall of the porous plate as Grashof number increases and then decays to the free stream
velocity.
For the case of different values of the solutal Grashof number, the velocity profiles in the boundary layer are
shown in Fig.2.The velocity distribution attains a distinctive maximum value in the vicinity of the plate and then
decreases properly to approach a free stream value. As expected, the fluid velocity increases and the peak value
becomes more distinctive due to increase in the buoyancy force represented by Gm.
For different values of the radiation parameter R, the velocity and temperature profiles are plotted in Figs.3
(a) and 3 (b). It is noticed that an increase in the radiation parameter results a decrease in the velocity and temperature
within the boundary layer, as well as decreased the thickness of the velocity and temperature boundary layers.
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

Figs. 4(a) and 4(b) display the effects of Schmidt number on the velocity and concentration respectively.
As the Schmidt number increases, the concentration decreases. This causes the concentration buoyancy effects to
decrease yielding a reduction in the fluid velocity. Reductions in the velocity and concentration distributions are
accompanied by simultaneous reductions in the velocity and concentration boundary layers.
The effects of the viscous dissipation parameter i.e., the Eckert number on the velocity and temperature are
shown in Figs. 5(a) and 5(b). Greater viscous dissipative heat causes a rise in the temperature as well as the velocity.
Figs.6 (a) and 6(b) illustrate the behaviour velocity and temperature for different values of Prandtl number.
The numerical results show that the effect of increasing values of Prandtl number results in a decreasing velocity.
From Fig.6 (b), it is observed that an increase in the Prandtl number results a decrease of the thermal boundary layer
thickness and in general lower average temperature within the boundary layer. The reason is that smaller values of Pr
are equivalent to increase in the thermal conductivity of the fluid and therefore heat is able to diffuse away from the
heated surface more rapidly for higher values of Pr. Hence in the case of smaller Prandtl numbers as the thermal
boundary layer is thicker and the rate of heat transfer is reduced.
The effects of the chemical reaction parameter Kr on the velocity and concentration are shown in Figs. 7(a)
and 7(b). It is noticed that an increase in the chemical reaction parameter results a decrease in the velocity and
concentration within the boundary layer.
For various values of the magnetic parameter M, the velocity profiles are plotted in Fig.8. It is obvious that
existence of the magnetic field decreases the velocity.
Fig.9 shows the velocity profiles for different values of the permeability parameter. Clearly, as K increases
the peak values of the velocity tends to increase.
Fig.10 presents the variation of the velocity distribution across the boundary layer for different values of the
plate velocity U
p
in the direction of the fluid flow. Although we have different initial plate velocities, the velocity
decreases to the constant value for given material parameters.
Tables 1-3 show the effects of the radiation parameter, Eckert number and chemical reaction parameter on
the skin-friction
f
C
, Nusselt number Nu , and Sherwood number. From Table 1, it can be seen that as the radiation
parameter increases, the skin-friction decreases and the Nusselt number increases. However, from Table 2, it is
noticed that, an increase in the chemical reaction parameter reduces the skin-friction and increases the Sherwood
number. Finally, from Table 3, it is observed that as Eckert number increases the skin-friction the skin-friction
increases, and the Nusselt number decreases.

0 1 2 3 4 5
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
y
u
Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71 Sc=0.6
M=1.0 K=0.5 n=0.1
Up=0.5 t=1.0 R=0.5
A=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Fig.1 Effect of Gr on velocity.
Gr=0.0,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
y
u
Gm=0.0,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
Gr=2.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
M=1.0 K=0.5 A=0.5
Up=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Fig.2 Effect of Gm on velocity.
0 1 2 3 4 5
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
y
u
Gr=2.0 Gm=2.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
M=1.0 K=0.5 A=0.5
Up=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Fig.3(a) Effect of radiation on velocty.
R=0.0,0.5,1.0,2.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
y
u
R=0.0,0.5,1.0,2.0
Fig.3(b) Effects of radiation on temperature.
Gr=2.0 Gm=2.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
M=1.0 K=0.5 A=0.5
Up=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
y
u
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
M=1.0 K=0.5 t=1.0
R=0.5 n=0.1 Up=0.5
A=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Fig.4(a) Effect of Sc on velocty.
Sc=0.3,0.6,0.78,0.94
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
y
C
Sc=0.3,0.6,0.78,0.94
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
A=0.5 t=1.0 M=1.0
K=0.5 Up=0.5 n=0.1
R=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

U
Fig.4(b) Effect of Sc on concentration.
0 1 2 3 4 5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
y
u
Ec=0.0,0.01,0.02,0.03
Fig.5(a) Effect of Ec on velocity.
Up=0.5 Gr=2.0 Gm=2.0
Sc=0.6 R=0.5 n=0.1
A=0.5 t=1.0 M=1.0
K=0.5 Pr=0.71 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
y
u
Ec=0.0,0.01,0.02,0.03
Fig.5(b) Effect of Ec on temperature.
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
M=1.0 K=0.5 A=0.5
Up=0.5 R=0.5 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

0 1 2 3 4 5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
u
y
Pr=0.71,1.0,1.25,1.50
Fig.6(a) Effect of Pr on velocity.
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Sc=0.6
M=1.0 K=0.5 A=0.5
n=0.1 t=1.0 Up=0.5
R=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

0 1 2 3 4 5
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
y
u
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Sc=0.6
n=0.1 t=1.0 M=1.0
K=0.5 R=0.5 A=0.5
Up=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Fig.6(b) Effect of Pr on temperature.
Pr=0.71,1.0,1.25,1.50
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
y
u
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
M=1.0 K=0.5 t=1.0
R=0.5 n=0.1 Up=0.5
A=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Fig.7(a) Effect of Kr on velocty.
Kr=0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
y
C
Kr=0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0
Fig. 7(b) Effect of Kr on concentration
Gr=2.0 Gm=2.0 Pr=0.71
A=0.5 t=1.0 M=1.0
K=0.5 Up=0.5 n=0.1
R=0.5 Ec=0.001 Sc=0.6
c=0.001
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
y
u
Fig.8 Effect of magnetic parameter on velocity.
M=0.0,1.0,2.0,3.0
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
K=0.5 Up=0.5 Ec=0.001
A=0.5 R=0.5 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

Table 1
Effects of radiation on
f
C
and
1
Re
x
Nu . Reference values as in Fig.3 (a) and 3(b).

Table 2
Effects of Sc on
f
C
and
1
Re
x
Sh . Reference values as in Fig.4 (a) and 4(b).

kr
f
C

1
Re
x
Sh
0.20
0.50
0.80
1.0
2.5088
2.4123
2.3677
2.2340
0.3106
0.5010
0.6513
0.9416
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.5
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
y
u
K=0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0
Fig.9 Effect of permeability on velocity.
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
Up=0.5 A=0.5 M=1.0
Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5 c=0.001

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
5
10
15
20
y
u
Fig.10 Effect of Up on velocity.
Gr=2.0 Gm=1.0 Pr=0.71
Sc=0.6 n=0.1 t=1.0
M=1.0 K=0.5 R=0.5
A=0.5 Ec=0.001 Kr=0.5
c=0.001

Up=20
Up=15
Up=10
Up=5
Up=0
R
f
C

1
Re
x
Nu
0
0.5
1.0
2.0
2.5451
2.4122
2.3326
2.2426
0.5818
1.1234
1.2538
1.6581
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

Table 3
Effects of Ec on
f
C
and
1
Re
x
Nu . Reference values as in Fig.5 (a) and 5(b).

References

[1] A. Bejan and K.R. Khair, Heat and mass transfer by natural convection in a
porous medium, Int. J Heat Mass Transfer, Vol .28, pp.909-918, 1985,.
[2] F.C. Lai and F.A. Kulacki, Coupled heat and mass transfer from a sphere buried in an infinite porous
medium, Int.J Heat Mass transfer, Vol.33, pp.209-215, 1990.
[3] A. Raptis , G. Tzivanidis and N. Kafousias, Free convection and mass transfer flow through a porous
medium bounded by an infinite vertical limiting surface with constant suction, Lett. Heat and Mass
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[4] F.C. Lai and F.A. Kulacki, Coupled heat and mass transfer by natural convection from vertical surfaces in
a porous medium,Int J Heat Mass Transfer,Vol. 34 , pp.1189-1194, 1991.
[5] A. Raptis, A. Massalas and G. Tzivanidis, Hydromagnetic free convection flow through a porous medium
between two parallel plates, Phys Lett., Vol 90A, pp.288-289, 1982.
[6] R.J. Gribben, the magneto hydrodynamic boundary layer in the presence of a pressure gradient
Proc.Royal.Soc London, Vol .A 287, pp.123-141, 1965.
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270, 1998.
[8] V.M. Soundalgekar, S.K. Gupta and N.S. Birajdar, Effects of mass transfer and free convection effects on
MHD Stokes problem for a vertical plate, Nucl.Eng.Design, Vol .53, pp.309-346, 1979.
[9] G.A. Gregantopoulos, J. Koullias, C.L. Goudas, and C. Courogenis, Free convection and mass transfer
effects on the hydromagnetic oscillatory flow past an infinite vertical porous plate, Astrophysics and
space science, Vol .74, pp. 357-389, 1981.
[10] R. Dekha, U.N. Das and V.M. Soundalgekar, Effects on mass transfer on flow past an impulsively started
infinite vertical plate with constant heat flux and chemical reaction, Forschungim Ingenieurwesen, Vol.
60, pp. 284-209, 1994.
[11] A.J. Chamkha, MHD flow of a numerical of uniformly stretched vertical permeable surface in the presence
heat generation\ absorption and a chemical reaction, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 30, pp. 413-
422, 2003.
[12] R. Muthecumaraswamy, Effects of a chemical reaction on a moving isothermal surface with suction, Acta
Mechanica, Vol. 155, pp. 65-72, 2002.
[13] R. Muthucumaraswamy and S. Meenakshisundaram, Theoretical study of chemical reaction effects on
vertical oscillating plate with variable temperature, Theoret. Appl. Mech., Vol. 33(3), pp. 245-257, 2006.
[14] M.A. Hossain and H.S. Takhar Radiation effect on mixed convection along a vertical plate with uniform
surface temperature, Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 31, pp.243-248, 1996.
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Transport in porous media, Vol. 23, pp.357-361, 1996.
[16] Y.J. Kim and A.G. Fedorov, Transient mixed radiative convection flow of a micro polar fluid past a
moving, semi-infinite vertical porous plate, Int. J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 46, pp.1751-1758, 2003.
[17] A.R. Bestman and S.K. Adjepong, unsteady hydromagnetic free convection flow with radiative transfer in a
rotating fluid. Astrophysics. Space. Sci., Vol.143, pp73-80, 1998.
Ec
f
C

1
Re
x
Nu
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
2.4060
2.4563
2.5334
2.5860
1.1376
0.8652
0.5429
0.2546
Vol. 3, No.4, 2011

[18] B. Gebharat, Effects of viscous dissipation in natural convection, J. Fluid Mech, Vol. 14, pp.225-232, 1962.
[19] B. Gebharat J. Mollendorf, Viscous dissipation in external natural convection flows, J. Fluid. Mech.,
Vol.38, pp. 97-107, 1969.
[20] V.M. Soundalgekar, Viscous dissipation effects on unsteady free convective flow past an infinite, vertical
porous plate with constant suction, Int. J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 15, pp.1253-1261, 1972.
[21] C. Israel-Cookey, A. Ogulu and V.B. Omubo-Pepple, Influence of viscous dissipation on unsteady MHD
free-convection floe past an infinite heated vertical plate in porous medium with time-dependent suction,
Int. J. Heat Mass transfer, Vol.46, pp.2305-2311, 2003.
[22] K.S. Balamurugan , S.V.K. Varma, K. Rama Krishna Prasad and N. Ch. S.N Iyengar, Thermo-diffusion
and Chemical reaction effects on a three dimensional MHD mixed convective flow along an infinite
vertical porous plate with viscous and joules dissipation. International Journal of Advances in Science and
Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1 pp.73-84, 2011.

Authors Profile
Y. Sudarshan Reddy is a Principal at Sri Rajeswari College of Education, Kadapa, A.P. He
obtained M.Sc. & M.Phil., in Mathematics from S.V.University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
His research interests are Fluid Dynamics.

K. S. Balamurugan (M.Sc., M.Phil.) is a Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics &
Humanities in RVR & JC College of Engineering, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is having
teaching experience of 16 years including Professional colleges. His research interests are Ring
theory, Fluid Dynamics and Heat & Mass Transfer in fluid flows.

Dr. S.Vijaya Kumar Varma: M.Sc., Ph.D., is currently working as Professor in the Department
of Mathematics, S.V.University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. He has 24 years of experience
with various levels and 30 years of research experience. Fluid Dynamics, Heat & Mass Transfer in
fluid flows and Magneto-Hydro dynamics are the areas of research of his interest. He published 65
papers in National and International Journals. Under his guidance 8 students awarded PhDs and 20
students awarded M.Phil. He has attended several national and international conferences and
workshops.

Dr. N. Ch. S. N. Iyengar (M.Sc., M.E., Ph.D.) is a Senior Professor at the school of Computing
Science & Engineering at VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India. His research interests
include Agent based Distributed Computing, Data Mining, Privacy, Hiding, Security,
Cryptography, Intelligent Computational methods and Bioinformatics. He has authored several text
books and had nearly 115 research publications in International Journals. He chaired many
International Conferences and delivered invited/technical lectures/key note addresses besides being
International Programmer committee member.


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' ' '

' ' + = ' = ' T T e U U u

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