Marcus garvey

Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr., (17 August 1887 10 June 1940)[1] was a Jamaican publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL).[2] He founded the Black Star Line, part of the Back-to-Africa movement, which promoted the return of the African Diaspora to their ancestral lands. Prior to the twentieth century, leaders such as Prince Hall, Martin Delany, Edward Wilmot Blyden, and Henry Highland Garnet advocated the involvement of the African diaspora in African affairs. Garvey was unique in advancing a Pan-African philosophy to inspire a global mass movement and economic empowerment focusing on Africa known as Garveyism.[2] Promoted by the UNIA as a movement of African Redemption, Garveyism would eventually inspire others, ranging from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement (which proclaims Garvey as a prophet). The intent of the movement was for those of African ancestry to "redeem" Africa and for the European colonial powers to leave it. His essential ideas about Africa were stated in an editorial in the Negro World titled African Fundamentalism where he wrote:

Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica to Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Sr., a mason, and Sarah Jane Richards, a domestic worker. Of eleven siblings, only Marcus and his sister Indiana survived until maturity.[4] Garvey's father was known to have a large library, and it was from his father that Marcus gained his love for reading.[2][5] Sometime in 1900, Garvey entered into an apprenticeship with his uncle, Alfred Burrowes, who also had an extensive library, of which young Marcus made good use.[6][7] In 1910 Garvey left Jamaica and began traveling throughout the Central American region. He lived in Costa Rica for several months, where he worked as a time-keeper on a banana plantation. He began work as editor for a daily newspaper titled La Nacionale in 1911. Later that year, he moved to Coln, Panama, where he edited a biweekly newspaper before returning to Jamaica in 1912. After years of working on the Caribbean, Garvey left Jamaica to live in London from 1912 to 1914, where he attended Birkbeck College taking classes in Law and Philosophy, worked for the African Times and Orient Review, published by Dus Mohamed Ali, and sometimes spoke at Hyde Park's Speakers' Corner. Garvey's philosophy was influenced by Booker T. Washington, Martin Delany, and Henry McNeal Turner.[8] It is said that Dus Mohamed Ali influence shaped Garvey's speeches, and led him to organize the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Jamaica in 1914 (Vincent, 1971). It has been suggested that the UNIA motto, "One God, One Aim, One Destiny", originated from Dus Ali's Islamic influence on Garvey (Rashid, 2002).[9][10] Garvey named the organization the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities (Imperial) League.[11] At the National Conference of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1921, a Los Angeles delegate named Noah Thompson spoke on the floor complaining on the lack of transparency in the group's financial accounts. When accounts were prepared Thompson highlighted several sections with what he felt were irregularities.[citation needed]

After corresponding with Booker T. Washington, Garvey arrived in the U.S. on 23 March 1916 aboard the S.S. Tallac to give a lecture tour and to raise funds to establish a school in Jamaica modeled after Washington's Tuskegee Institute. Garvey visited Tuskegee, and afterward, visited with a number of black leaders. After moving to New York, he found work as a printer by day. He was influenced by Hubert Harrison. At night he would speak on street corners, much like he did in London's Hyde Park. It was then that Garvey perceived a leadership vacuum among people of African ancestry. On 9 May 1916, he held his first public lecture in New York City at St Mark's Church in-the-Bowery and undertook a 38-state speaking tour. In May 1917, Garvey and thirteen others formed the first UNIA division outside Jamaica and began advancing ideas to promote social, political, and economic freedom for blacks. On 2 July, the East St. Louis riots broke out. On 8 July, Garvey delivered an address, titled "The Conspiracy of the East St. Louis Riots", at Lafayette Hall in Harlem. During the speech, he declared the riot was "one of the bloodiest outrages against mankind". By October, rancor within the UNIA had begun to set in. A split occurred in the Harlem division, with Garvey enlisted to become its leader; although he technically held the same position in Jamaica.[citation
needed]

Garvey next set about the business of developing a program to improve the conditions of those of African ancestry "at home and abroad" under UNIA auspices. On 17 August 1918, publication of the widely distributed Negro World newspaper began. Garvey worked as an editor without pay until November 1920. By June 1919 the membership of the organization had grown to over two million. On 27 June 1919, the Black Star Line of Delaware was incorporated by the members of the UNIA, with Garvey as President. By September, it obtained its first ship. Much fanfare surrounded the inspection of the S.S. Yarmouth and its rechristening as the S.S. Frederick Douglass on 14 September 1919. Such a rapid accomplishment garnered attention from many.

Personal life Marcus Garvey was married twice: to Jamaican Pan-African activist Amy Ashwood (married 1919, divorced 1922), who worked with him in the early years of UNIA; then to the Jamaican journalist and publisher Amy Jacques (married 1922). The latter was mother to his two sons, Marcus III (born 17 September 1930) and Julius.

Influence

The UNIA flag uses three colors: red, black and green. Schools, colleges, highways, and buildings in Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and the United States have been named in his honor. The UNIA red, black, and green flag has been adopted as the Black Liberation Flag. Since 1980, Garvey's bust has been housed in the Organization of American States' Hall of Heroes in Washington, D.C.

Death
On 10 June 1940, Garvey died after two strokes, putatively after reading a mistaken, and negative, obituary of himself in the Chicago Defender which stated, in part, that Garvey died "broke, alone and unpopular".[38] Because of travel restrictions during World War II, he was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

Rumors claimed that Garvey was in fact poisoned on a boat on which he was travelling and that was where and how he actually died. In 1964, his remains were exhumed and taken to Jamaica. On 15 November 1964, the government of Jamaica, having proclaimed him Jamaica's first national hero, re-interred him at a shrine in National Heroes Park.

Samuel Sharpe

Samuel Sharpe was born in the parish of St. James. Samuel Sharpe was a slave throughout his life, he was allowed to become well-educated, because of his education he was respected by other slaves and he was a well-known preacher and leader. Sharpe was a Deacon at the Burchell Baptist Church in Montego Bay, whose pastor was Rev Thomas Burchell. Sam Sharpe spent most of his time travelling to different parishes in Jamaica educating the slaves about Christianity and freedom Baptist War

In the mistaken belief that emancipation had already been granted by the British Parliament,Sharpe organized a peaceful General strike

across many estates in western Jamaica at a critical time for the plantation owners: harvest of the sugar cane. The Christmas Rebellion (Baptist War) began on December 25, 1832 at the Kensington Estate. Reprisals by the plantation owners led to the rebels burning the crops. His peaceful protest turned into Jamaica's largest slave rebellion, killing hundreds, including 14 whites. The rebellion was put down by the Jamaican military within two weeks and many of the ringleaders, including Sharpe, were hung in 1832. Just before he was hanged for his role in the rebellion, Sharpe said "I would rather die in yonder gallows, than live for a minute more in slavery. The rebellion caused two detailed Parliamentary Inquiries which arguably contributed to the 1833 Abolition of Slavery across the British Empire.

Legacy In 1975, the government of independent Jamaica proclaimed Sharpe a National Hero with the posthumous title of Rt. Excellent Samuel Sharpe. Also in 1975, Sam Sharpe Teachers' College in Granville, a suburb of Montego Bay, was founded and named in his honour. He is also on the modern Jamaican $50 dollar SMUELS SHARPS DEATH On this date in 1832, Jamaican national hero Samuel Sharpe died upon the gallows for instigating the slave revolt that would (help to) end slavery. I would rather die upon yonder gallows than live in slavery. This is the most well none words of Samuel sharp.

Alexander Bustamante

He was born as William Alexander Clarke to an Irish Roman Catholic planter, Robert Constantine Clarke, and wife Mary ne Wilson, who was of mixed race. He claimed that he took the name Bustamante to honour an Iberian sea captain who befriended him in his youth. After travelling the world, including working as a policeman in Cuba and as a dietician in a New York City hospital, he returned to Jamaica in 1932 and became a leader of the struggle against colonial rule. He first

brought himself to public attention as a writer of letters to the Daily Gleaner newspaper; in 1937 he became treasurer of the Jamaica Workers' Union which had been founded by labour activist Allan G.S. Coombs. During the 1938 labour rebellion he quickly became identified as the spokesman for striking workers.The JWU became the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU) after the revolt, and Bustamante became known as "The Chief".[ He was imprisoned for subversive activities in 1940. However, the anticolonial effort resulted in the granting of universal suffrage to Jamaica. He was released from prison in 1943 and founded the Jamaica Labour Party the same year, having previously been a member of the party founded by his cousin, Norman Manley, the People's National Party (founded 1938). Bustamante's party won 22 of 32 seats in the first House of Representatives elected by universal suffrage, making Bustamante the unofficial government leader (as Minister for Communications) until the position of Chief Minister was created in 1953. He held this position until the JLP was defeated in 1955. In 1947 and 1948 he also served as mayor of Kingston.

Though initially a supporter, he came to be an opponent of the Federation of the West Indies and agitated for Jamaica to become an independent state. It was Bustamante's decision that the JLP would not contest a by-election to the federal parliament that resulted in his rival and cousin, Premier Norman Manley, calling the referendum in 1961 that led to Jamaica's withdrawal and the break-up of the Federation. Jamaica was granted independence in 1962 and Bustamante served as the independent country's first Prime Minister until 1967. However, in 1965 he withdrew from active participation in public life, and real power was held by his deputy, Donald Sangster. In 1969, Bustamante was proclaimed a 'National Hero of Jamaica', along with Norman Manley, the black liberationist Marcus Garvey and two leaders of the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion, Paul Bogle and George William Gordon. Bustamante died in 1977

Norman Manley

Norman Washington Manley was born in Roxborough in Manchester, on July 4, 1893. His father, Thomas Albert Samuel Manley, who was the illegitimate son of an English trader from Yorkshire and a former slave, worked as an agricultural businessman and sold Jamaican spices and fruits to the United States Norman Manleys mother, Margaret Shearer, were the daughter of a pen-keeper of Irish descent and his Mulatto wife. As a young man, Manley was a brilliant scholar, soldier and athlete, studying law at Jesus College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He enlisted and fought in the First World War in the Royal Field Artillery, and later returned to Jamaica to serve as a barrister. He identified himself with the

cause of the workers at the time of the labour troubles of 1938 and donated time and advocacy to the cause. Manley and the PNP supported the trade union movement, then led by Alexander Bustamante, while leading the demand for universal adult suffrage. When Suffrage came, Manley had to wait ten years and two terms before his party was elected to office. He was a strong advocate of the of Jamaica Labour Party would take Jamaica federation of the West Indies, established in 1958, but when Sir Alexander Bustamante declared that opposition out of the Federation, Norman Manley, already renowned for his integrity and commitment to democracy, called a referendum, unprecedented in Jamaica, to let the people decide. The vote was decidedly against Jamaicas continued membership of the Federation. Norman Manley, after arranging Jamaicas orderly withdrawal from the union, set up a joint committee to decide on a constitution for separate independence for Jamaica. He himself chaired the committee with great distinction and then led the team that negotiated Jamaica's independence from Britain. Norman Manleys death Norman Manley died in September 2, 1969 as the head of PNP a wife and two children Edna Manley (March 1, 1900 February 2, 1987) he was also the founder of the Jamaican People's National Party. She is often considered the "mother of Jamaican art". She was the daughter of English cleric Harvey Swithenbank and a Jamaican woman by the name of Ellie Shearer. Her father died when Edna was nine, leaving her mother to raise nine children on her own. As the middle child, Edna Manley was highly independent and spirited. She once attended several art schools in a two-year period, although she sensed that these schools were incredibly limited in what they offered in their curriculum. Edna eventually married Manley (who was her Jamaican cousin) in

1921, and eventually moved with him from England to Jamaica in 1922. The couple had two children, Michael Manley (who was to become a union activist and the eventual prime minister, succeeding his father Norman) and Douglas Manley, a sociologist and minister in his brother's government.

Paul Bogle

Bogle was born before the abolition of slavery, probably between 1815 and

Bogle was born before the abolition of slavery, probably between 1815 and Bogle was born before the abolition of slavery, probably between 1815 and 1820 and he lived at Stony Gut in St. Thomas. Bogle grew up when slavery was ending. The plantation owners did not want the slaves to be free and they did not want them to get land. The people wanted to have land that would give them security and independence. They wanted to grow their own food but the British Government told them to work hard on the planters' sugar estates. Most people in St. Thomas were small farmers and labourers. Bogle owned about 500 acres of land. He could read and write. He could also vote. Only 106 people in St. Thomas could vote at this time, Bogle was better off than many people.

When the slaves were made free, most of the rulers tried to keep them down. They made the people pay a lot of taxes, and they punished them badly. They did not give them fair trials in court. They did not think freed slaves should get justice or opportunities. Bogle was a friend to the poor people. He wanted to share their problems, and help them so they respected him. Bogle's neighbour was George William Gordon, a big landowner, and a politician who cared about poor people. Bogle voted for him, and got other people to do so. Gordon was a Baptist, and so was Bogle. In 1864 Gordon made Bogle a deacon in the Baptist church so he became a religious and political leader of the people. Bogle led a group of people from Stony Gut to Spanish Town to tell the Governor about their problems but people in Stony Gut gave up hoping that the Government would help them. One day, in 1865, two men from Stony Gut were on trial in the Morant Bay Court House. Bogle and some of his people went to support them. A man called out in the trial and the police tried to arrest him, but Bogle and his men came between them. The man got away. The police went to Stony Gut to arrest Bogle. But the people did not let them. They fought the police and sent them back to Morant Bay. Then Bogle and his people marched to Morant Bay. They went to the Courthouse where a council meeting was going on. Armed policemen and soldiers were on guard. A fight broke out and the guards fired. About 20 of Bogle's people were killed or hurt. The others drove the guards back into the Courthouse and set fire to the building then killed people who tried to run away. Bogle and his people went back to Stony Gut. The Government sent troops into Portland and St. Thomas to stop people rebelling against the Government. The troops shot and whipped many people. They burnt 1,000 houses. Bogle's followers killed a few people and burnt some

estates but they could not really fight, because the soldiers were well trained and they had lots of weapons. The troops destroyed Stony Gut, and Bogle's chapel. Bogle was captured and taken to Morant Bay where he was put on trial. Then he was hanged at the Court House. Four hundred and thirty-eight other people were also executed. The Morant Bay Rebellion of 1865 made the Government listen to the people. It forced the Government to try to make life better for them by setting up fair courts, making better roads and providing better education and better medical services. So Bogle did not die for nothing. Bogle is a national hero because he did his best to help the people of the country. He died for what he believed was right.

1820 and he lived at Stony Gut in St. Thomas. Bogle grew up when slavery was ending. The plantation owners did not want the slaves to be free and they did not want them to get land. The people wanted to have land that would give them security and independence. They wanted to grow their own food but the British Government told them to work hard on the planters' sugar estates. Most people in St. Thomas were small farmers and labourers. Bogle owned about 500 acres of land. He could read and write. He could also vote. Only 106 people in St. Thomas could vote at this time, Bogle was better off than many people.

They made the people pay a lot of taxes, and they punished them badly. They did not give them fair trials in court. They did not think freed slaves should get justice or opportunities. Bogle was a friend to the poor people. He wanted to share their problems, and help them so they respected him.

neighbour was George William Gordon, a big landowner, and a politician who cared about poor people. Bogle voted for him, and got other people to do so. Gordon was a Baptist, and so was Bogle. In 1864 Gordon made Bogle a deacon in the Baptist church so he became a religious and political leader of the people. Bogle led a group of people from Stony Gut to Spanish Town to tell the Governor about their problems but people in Stony Gut gave up hoping that the Government would help them. One day, in 1865, two men from Stony Gut were on trial in the Bay Court House. Bogle and some of his people went to support them. A man called out in the trial and the police tried to arrest him, but Bogle and his men came between them. The man got away. The police went to Stony Gut to arrest Bogle. But the people did not let them. They fought the police and sent them back. Then Bogle and his people marched to. They went to the Courthouse where a council meeting was going on. Armed policemen and soldiers were on guard. A fight broke out and the guards fired. About 20 of people were killed or hurt. The others drove the guards back into the Courthouse and set fire to the building then killed people who tried to run away. Bogle and his people went back to Stony Gut. The Government sent troops into Portland and St. Thomas to stop people rebelling against the Government. The troops shot and whipped many people. They burnt 1,000 houses. soldiers were was captured and The to try to make life better for them by setting up fair courts, making better roads and providing better education and better medical services. So Bogle did not die for nothing. Bogle is a national hero because he did his best to help the people of the country. He died for what he believed was right

1820 and he lived at Stony Gut in St. Thomas. Bogle grew up when slavery was ending. The plantation owners did not want the slaves to be free and they did not want them to get land. The people wanted to have land that would give them security and independence. They wanted to grow their own food but the British Government told them to work hard on the planters' sugar estates. Most people in St. Thomas were small farmers and labourers. Bogle owned about 500 acres of land. He could read and write. He could also vote. Only 106 people in St. Thomas could vote at this time, Bogle was better off than many people.

When the slaves were made free, most of the rulers tried to keep them down. They made the people pay a lot of taxes, and they punished them badly. They did not give them fair trials in court. They did not think freed slaves should get justice or opportunities. Boglnd to the poor people. He wanted to share their problems, and help them so they respected him. Bogle's neighbour was George William Gordon, a big landowner, and a politician who cared about poor people. Bogle voted for him, and got other people to do so. Gordon was a Baptist, and so was Bogle. In 1864 Gordon made Bogle a deacon in the Baptist church so he became a religious and political leader of the people. Bogle led a group of people from Stony Gut to Spanish Town to tell the Governor about their problems but people in Stony Gut gave up hoping that the Government would help them. One day, in 1865, two men from Stony Gut were on trial in the Morant Bay Court House. Bogle and some of his people went to support them. A man called out in the trial and the police tried to arrest him, but Bogle and his men came between them. The man got away. The police went to

Stony Gut to arrest Bogle. But the people did not let them. They fought the police and sent them back to Morant Bay. Then Bogle and his people marched to Morant Bay. They went to the Courthouse where a council meeting was going on. Armed policemen and soldiers were on guard. A fight broke out and the guards fired. About 20 of Bogle's people were killed or hurt. The others drove the guards back into the Courthouse and set fire to the building then killed people who tried to run away. Bogle and his people went back to Stony Gut. The Government sent troops into Portland and St. Thomas to stop people rebelling against the Government. The troops shot and whipped many people. They burnt 1,000 houses. Bogle's followers killed a few people and burnt some estates but they could not really fight, because the soldiers were well trained and they had lots of weapons. The troops destroyed Stony Gut, and Bogle's chapel. Bogle was captured and taken to Morant Bay where he was put on trial. Then he was hanged at the Court House. Four hundred and thirty-eight other people were also executed. The Morant Bay Rebellion of 1865 made the Government listen to the people. It forced the Government to try to make life better for them by setting up fair courts, making better roads and providing better education and better medical services. So Bogle did not die for nothing. Bogle is a national hero because he did his best to help the people of the country. He died for what he believed was right

Nanny OF The Maroons Nanny was born c. 1686 in Ghana, Western Africa, into the Ashanti tribe, and was brought to Jamaica as a slave. It is believed that some of her family members were involved in intertribal conflict and her village was captured. Nanny and several relatives were sold as slaves and sent to Jamaica. Upon arrival in Jamaica, Nanny was likely sold to a plantation in Saint Thomas Parish, just outside of the Port Royal area. Such plantations grew sugarcane as the main crop, and the slaves toiled under extremely harsh conditions. As a child, Nanny was influenced by other slave leaders and maroons. She and her brothers, Accompong, Cudjoe, Johnny and Quao ran away from their plantation and hid in the Blue Mountains area of northern Saint Thomas Parish. While in hiding, they split up to organize more Maroon communities across Jamaica: Cudjoe went to Saint James Parish and organized a village, which was later named Cudjoe Town; Accompong settled in Saint Elizabeth Parish, in a community known as

Accompong Town; Nanny and Quao founded communities in Portland . She was married to a Maroon named Adou, but had no children. Nanny and her brothers became folk heroes. The most famous of her brothers, Cudjoe, went on to lead several slave rebellions in Jamaica with the aid of her other brothers. By 1720, Nanny and Quao had settled and controlled an area in the Blue Mountains. It was given the name Nanny Town, and consisted of the 500 acres (2.4 km) of land granted to the runaway slaves. Nanny Town had a strategic location as it overlooked Stony River via a 900 foot (270 m) ridge making a surprise attack by the British practically impossible. The Maroons at Nanny Town also organized look-outs for such an attack as well as designated warriors who could be summoned by the sound of a horn called an Abeng. Maroons at Nanny Town and similar communities survived by sending traders to the nearby market towns to exchange food for weapons and cloth. The community raised animals, hunted, and grew crops, and was organized very much like a typical Ashanti tribe in Africa. The Maroons were also known for raiding plantations for weapons and food, burning the plantations, and leading slaves back to their communities. Nanny was very adept at organizing plans to free slaves. For over 30 years, Nanny freed more than 800 slaves, and helped them to resettle in the Maroon community. Many in her community attributed Nanny's leadership skills to her Obeah powers (Campbell). Obeah is an African derived religion that is still practiced in Suriname, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Barbados, Belize and other Caribbean countries. It is associated with both good and bad magic, charms, luck, and with mysticism in general. In some Caribbean nations, aspects of Obeah have survived through synthesis with Christian symbolism and practice introduced by European colonials and slave owners.

It is also likely that Nanny's leadership skills resulted from her tribe of origin, Ashanti, known for its strong resistance to Europeans in West Africa and the New World. As well, she was heavily influenced by her brothers and other Maroons in Jamaica. It is also known that Nanny possessed wide knowledge of herbs and other traditional healing methods, practiced by Africans and native islanders. This would have allowed her to serve as a physical and spiritual healer to her community, which in turn would elevate her status and esteem.

Death
In the Journal of the Assembly of Jamaica, 2930 March 1733, we find a citation for "resolution, bravery and fidelity" awarded to "loyal slaves . . . under the command of Captain Sambo", namely William Cuffee, who was rewarded for having fought the Maroons in the First Maroon War and who is called "a very good party Negro, having killed Nanny, the rebels old obeah woman" (Campbell 177). These hired soldiers were known as "Black Shots" (Campbell 37). It is likely that Cuffee was motivated by the reward, a common practice by plantations to discourage slaves escaping. Nanny's remains are buried at "Bump Grave" in Moore Town, one of the communities established by the Windward Maroons in Portland.

In 1739 the British governor in Jamaica signed a treaty with the Maroons, promising them 2500 acres (10 km) in two locations. They were to remain in their five main towns Accompong, Trelawny Town, Mountain Top, Scots Hall, and Nanny Town, living under their own chief with a British supervisor. In exchange, they agreed not to harbour new runaway slaves, but rather to help catch them. The Maroons were

also paid to return captured slaves and fight for the British in the case of an attack from the French or Spanish. Nanny is known as one of the earliest leaders of slave resistance in the Americas, and one of very few women. She is celebrated in Jamaica and abroad.

GEORGE WILLIAM GORDON

George William Gordon, National Hero of Jamaica (1820*-1865) was a Jamaican businessman and politician. On the centenary of his death, he was proclaimed a National Hero of Jamaica. Gordon was the 2nd of 7 children born to a white planter, Joseph Gordon (Abt. 1790-1867) and a mullato slave, Ann Rattray (Abt 1792-before 1865) in April 1815 although many accounts give his birth as 1820. Gordon became a businessman and a landowner in the parish of St Thomas-in-the-East. His other siblings are Mary Ann Gordon (abt 1813), Margaret Gordon (abt 1819), Janet Isabella Gordon (Abt 1824), John Gordon (Abt 1825),

Jane Gordon (Abt 1826) and Ann Gordon (Abt 1828) all born on the Cherry Gardens Estate. As a member of the Jamaica Assembly, Gordon acquired a reputation as a critic of the colonial government, in particular, of Governor Edward John Eyre in the mid-1860s. He maintained a correspondence with English evangelical critics of colonial policy. He also established his own Native Baptist church, of which Paul Bogle was a deacon. In October, 1865 following the Morant Bay Rebellion, Gordon was taken from Kingston, where martial law was not in force, to Morant Bay, where it had been imposed. He was tried by court martial, without due process of law, sentenced to death, and executed. Gordon's death and the brutality of Eyre's suppression of the revolt made the affair a cause celebrate in Britain. John Stuart Mill and other liberals sought unsuccessfully to have Eyre prosecuted. In the aftermath of the labour rebellion of 1938, Gordon came to be seen as a precursor of In the aftermath of the labour rebellion of 1938, Gordon came to be seen as a precursor of Jamaican nationalism. This was helped by the play George William Gordon by Roger Mais, which compared Gordon's death to the sacrifice of Jesus. In 1965, Gordon and Bogle were proclaimed National Heroes in a ceremony at Morant Bay. In 1969, when Jamaica decimalized its currency Gordon appeared on the ten dollar note (now a coin). The Parliament of Jamaica meets in the Gordon House, built in 1960 and named in his memory.
GEORGE WILLIAM GORDON,S DEATH

George William Gordon was hanged in the charges of aiding Paul Bogle in the Morant bay rebellion and was hanged in October 23 1865.