Proceedings of UGC sponsored National seminar on Recent trends in Fuzzy set theory, Rough set

theory and Soft set theory at Uluberia College on 23rd and 24th September, 2011. ISBN 978-81-
922305-5-9, pp. 3 - 8.
A Note on Fuzzy Banach Algebra
Bivas Dinda, T.K. Samanta
Abstract. In this paper, fuzzy Banach algebra is introduced. The
properties of invertible elements and its relation with open set, closed set
are studied. Topological divisors of zero is dened and its relation with
closed set are studied.
Keywords: Fuzzy normed algebra, fuzzy Banach algebra, invertible elements, topological
divisors of zero.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classication: 46J99, 03E72.
1. Introduction
In 1965, Zadeh [8] initiated the novel concept of fuzzy set theory to describe the situation
in which data are imprecise or vague or uncertain. Fuzzy set theory handle such situation
by attributing a degree to which a certain object belongs to a set. In 1984, Kastaras [1] rst
introduce the notion of fuzzy norm in studding fuzzy topological vector space. Then various
denition of fuzzy norm were introduced by dierent authors (see [2, 3, 4]). Following the
denition of fuzzy norm of T. Bag and S.K. Samanta [4], we have introduce fuzzy Banach
algebra.
In this paper, we introduce fuzzy Banach algebra and study a few of its properties. In
section 4, we study some important properties of invertible elements and its relation with
open set and closed set. We also dene topological divisor of zero and study its relation
with closed set.
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we give some preliminary denitions about fuzzy norm, most of them
found in [4, 5, 6, 7]. We make some small modication to some of them in order to make
theoretical study detail.
Denition 2.1. A binary operation : [ 0 , 1 ] [ 0 , 1 ] [ 0 , 1 ] is continuous
t-norm if satises the following conditions :
(i) is commutative and associative ,
(ii) is continuous ,
(iii) a 1 = a a [ 0 , 1 ] ,
(iv) a b c d whenever a c , b d and a , b , c , d [ 0 , 1 ].
Example 2.2. A few examples of continuous t-norm are a b = ab, a b = min{a, b}, a
b = max{a + b 1, 0}.
B. Dinda, T.K.Samanta / A Note on Fuzzy Banach Algebra
Denition 2.3. Let V be linear space over the eld F (= R or C). A fuzzy subset
of V R is called a fuzzy norm on V with respect to a t-norm if and only if for all
x, y V
(i) t R with t 0 , ( x, t ) = 0 ;
(ii) t R with t > 0 , ( x, t ) = 1 if and only if x = ;
(iii) t R with t > 0 , ( cx, t ) = ( x,
t
|c|
) if | c | = 0 , c F;
(iv) s, t R with ( x + y , s + t ) ( x, s ) ( y , t ) ;
(v) lim
t
( x, t ) = 1.
Denition 2.4. A sequence {x
n
}
n
in a fuzzy normed linear space (V , ) is said to con-
verge to x V if for given 0 < r < 1, t > 0, there exists a positive integer n
0
such
that
( x
n
x, t ) > 1 r , n n
0
.
Denition 2.5. A mapping f from a fuzzy normed linear space (U,
1
) to a fuzzy normed
linear space (V,
2
) is said to be strongly fuzzy continuous at x
0
U, if for any given > 0
there exists > 0 such that for all x U,

2
(f(x) f(x
0
) , )
1
(x x
0
, ).
Denition 2.6. Let 0 < r < 1 , t R
+
and x V . Then the set
B( x, r , t ) = { y V : ( x y , t ) > 1 r}.
is called an open ball in ( V , ) with x as its center and r as its radious with respect to
t .
3. Fuzzy Banach Algebra
In this section we dene fuzzy normed algebra and then fuzzy Banach algebra.
Denition 3.1. Let be a continuous t-norm and A be an algebra over the eld C .
A fuzzy normed algebra is an object of the form ( A, , ) , where is fuzzy subset of
V R, satisfying the following conditions for every x, y A and s, t R :
(i) (x, t) = 0 if t 0;
(ii) (x, t) = 1 if and only if x = , is null vector;
(iii) ( c x, t ) = ( x,
t
| c |
) c C and | c | = 0;
(iv) ( x, s ) ( y , t ) ( x + y , s + t ) ;
(v) max{(x, s), (y, t)} (xy, s + t);
(vi) lim
t
( x , t ) = 1 and lim
t 0
( x , t ) = 0.
Denition 3.2. A sequence {x
n
}
n
in a fuzzy normed algebra ( A, , ) is said to be cauchy
sequence if lim
n
(x
n+p
x
n
, t) = 1 , t R
+
, p = 1, 2, 3, ......
Denition 3.3. A fuzzy normed algebra ( A, , ) is said to be complete if every cauchy
sequence in A converges to an element of A.
Denition 3.4. A complete fuzzy normed algebra is called fuzzy Banach algebra.
Denition 3.5. A sequence {x
n
}
n
in a fuzzy Banach algebra ( A, , ) is said to converge
to x A if for given 0 < r < 1, t > 0, there exists a positive integer n
0
such that
( x
n
x, t ) > 1 r , n n
0
.
Theorem 3.6. In a fuzzy Banach algebra ( A, , ), a sequence { x
n
}
n
converges to x
A if and only if
lim
n
( x
n
x, t ) = 1, t R
+
.
4
B. Dinda, T.K.Samanta / A Note on Fuzzy Banach Algebra
Theorem 3.7. In a fuzzy Banach algebra (A, , ) two sequences {x
n
}
n
and {y
n
}
n
be
such that x
n
x and y
n
y then x
n
y
n
xy . i.e., multiplication is continuous
operation on A.
Proof. For any t > 0 , x
n
x and y
n
y implies
lim
n
( x
n
x , t ) = 1, and lim
n
( y
n
y , t ) = 1
Now,
lim
n
( x
n
y
n
xy , t ) lim
n

_
(x
n
x)y
n
,
t
2
_
lim
n

_
(y
n
y)x,
t
2
_
max
_
lim
n

_
x
n
x,
t
4
_
, lim
n

_
y
n
,
t
4
__
max
_
lim
n

_
y
n
y ,
t
4
_
, lim
n

_
x,
t
4
__
= max
_
1 , lim
n

_
y
n
,
t
4
__
max
_
1 , lim
n

_
x,
t
4
__
= 1 1 = 1 .
Hence the proof.
Corollary 3.8. In a fuzzy Banach algebra (A, , ) if x
n
x and y
n
y then x
n
y
xy and xy
n
xy . i.e, in particular multiplication is left continuous and right continuous.
4. Invertible elements and Topological devisor of zero
For a fuzzy Banach algebra (A, , ) we further assume that
() a a = a.
Theorem 4.1. Let (A, , ) be a fuzzy Banach algebra satisfying (). If x A be such
that x B(, r, t), 0 < r < 1 then (e x) is invertible and (e x)
1
= e +

(
n=1)
x
n
.
Proof. Since x B(, r, t) we have for any t R
+
, (x, t) > 1 r .
To prove the theorem we rst show that the series

(
n=1)
x
n
is convergent to some element
of A. Let s
n
=
n
(
k=1)
x
k
, then it is sucient to prove that there exists a positive integer
n
0
such that
(s
n+p
s
n
, t) > 1 r , n n
0
.
Now,
(s
n+p
s
n
, t) =
_
x
n+1
+ x
n+2
+ + x
n+p
, t
_
(x
n+1
, t
1
) (x
n+2
, t
2
) (x
n+p
, t
p
) , where t
1
+ t
2
+ + t
p
= t
max { (x, t
11
), (x, t
12
), (x, t
1n+1
) } max { (x, t
21
), (x, t
22
), (x, t
2n+2
) }
max { (x, t
p1
), (x, t
p2
), (x, t
pn+p
) } ,
where
n+i

j=1
t
ij
= t
i
, i = 1, 2, , p
> (1r) (1r) (1r) = (1r)
Thus the series

n=1
x
n
is convergent. Since A is complete,

(
n=1)
x
n
converges to some
element of A.
Let s = e +

(
n=1)
x
n
.
Now (e x)(e + x + + x
n
) = (e + x + + x
n
)(e x) = e x
n+1
.
Also,
_
x
n+1
, t
_
max {(x, t
1
), (x, t
2
), , (x, t
n+1
) } > 1 r , where t
1
+ t
2
+
5
B. Dinda, T.K.Samanta / A Note on Fuzzy Banach Algebra
+ t
n+1
= t .
So, x
n+1
as n . Therefore letting n and remembering that multiplication
on A is continuous, we obtain (e x)s = s(e x) = e .
Hence s = (e x)
1
.
This complites the proof.
Corollary 4.2. Let x A be such that e x B(, r, t), 0 < r < 1 then x
1
exist and
x
1
= e +

(
n=1)
(e x)
n
.
Corollary 4.3. Let x A and (= 0) be a scaler such that
x

B(, r, t), 0 < r < 1.

Then (e x)
1
exists and (e x)
1
=

(
n=1)

n
x
n1
Proof. Since
x

B(, r, t) , for any t R

+
we have (
x

, t) > 1 r.
If y A be such that y
1
A and c(= 0) be a scaler then it is clear that (cy)
1
exist
and (cy)
1
= c
1
y
1
.
Now (ex) = (e
x

) and we show that (e

x

)
1
exists.
_
e (e
x

), t
_
= (
x

, t) >
1 r by hypothesis.
So, by corollary 4.2; (e
x

)
1
exists and so (e x)
1
exists.
( e x)
1
=
_
(e
x

)
_
=
1
_
e
1
x
_
1
=
1
_
_
e +

(
n=1)
[e (e
1
x)]
n
_
_
=
1
_
_
e +

(
n=1)

n
x
n
_
_
=

(
n=1)

n
x
n1
Hence the proof.
Theorem 4.4. The set of all invertible elements of a fuzzy Banach algebra (A, , ) is an
open subset of A.
Proof. Let G be the set of all invertible elements of A. Let x
0
G, we have to show
that there exists an open ball with centre at x
0
and radious r (0 < r < 1) contain in G.
Every point x of the open ball B(x
0
, r, t) satises the inequality
(4.1) (x x
0
, t) > 1 r.
Let us choose r such that r < 1 (x
1
0
, t), 0 < (x
1
0
, t) < 1.
Then (x x
0
, t) > 1 r > (x
1
0
, t) .
Let y = x
1
0
x and z = e y . Then
(z, t) = (e y, t) = (y e, t) = (x
1
0
x x
1
0
x
0
, t) =
_
x
1
0
(x x
0
), t
_
max {(x
1
0
,
t
2
), (xx
0
,
t
2
)} = (xx
0
,
t
2
) > 1r.
Thus z B(, r, t) and hence e z is invertible. That is, y is invertible. So, y G.
Now x
0
G and y G and by our earlier verication G is a group. So, x
0
y =
x
0
x
1
0
x = x. So, any point x satises (4.1) belongs to G; that is, B(x
0
, r, t) G. Hence,
G is an open subset of A.
Corollary 4.5. The set of all non-invertible elements of a fuzzy Banach algebra (A, , )
is a closed subset of A.
Theorem 4.6. Let G be the set of all invertible elements of (A, , ) . The mapping
x x
1
of G into G is strongly fuzzy continuous.
6
B. Dinda, T.K.Samanta / A Note on Fuzzy Banach Algebra
Proof. Let x
0
be an element of G. Let x G be such that x B(x
0
, r, t), where
r < 1 (x
1
0
, t) .
Therefore, (x x
0
, t) > 1 r > (x
1
0
, t) .
Since x
0
G is arbitrary x G, we have
(x x
0
, t) > (x
1
, t) .
Let x G then T(x) = x
1
. Now
(T(x) T(x
0
), ) = (x
1
x
0
1
, ) =
_
(x
1
x
0
e)x
0
1
,
_
max{(x
1
x
0
e,

2
) , (x
0
1
,

2
)}
max{
_
x
1
(x
0
x),

2
_
, (x
0
1
,

2
)}
max
_
max{(x
1
,

4
), (x
0
x,

4
)} , (x
0
1
,

2
)
_
= max{(x x
0
,

4
), (x
0
1
,

2
)}
= (x x
0
,

4
) = (x x
0
, ) , =

4
.
Hence T is strongly intuitionistic fuzzy continuous at x
0
G. Since x
0
is arbitrary, T is
strongly intuitionistic fuzzy continuous on G.
Denition 4.7. Let (A, , ) be a fuzzy Banach algebra. An element z A is called
a topological divisor of zero if there exist a sequence {z
n
}
n
, z
n
A satises z
n

B(, r, t), 0 < r < 1 ( i.e., (z
n
, t) < 1 r ) be such that
either, lim
n
( z
n
z , t ) = 1 or, lim
n
( z z
n
, t ) = 1 .
Theorem 4.8. Let Z be the set of all topological divisors of zero in A. Then Z S ,
where S the set of non-invertible elements of A.
Proof. Let z Z then there exist a sequence {z
n
}
n
, z
n
A satises z
n
B(, r, t), 0 <
r < 1 ( i.e., (z
n
, t) < 1 r ) be such that
either, lim
n
( z
n
z , t ) = 1 or, lim
n
( z z
n
, t ) = 1
Suppose lim
n
( z z
n
, t ) = 1 .
Let G be the set of invertible elements of A. If possible let z G. Then z
1
exists. Now
since multiplicatin is a continuous operation, we should have
z
n
= (z
1
z)z
n
= z
1
(zz
n
) z
1
. = as n .
which contradicts the fact that z
n
B(, r, t), 0 < r < 1 ( i.e., (z
n
, t) < 1 r .
So, z S and hence the proof.
5. Conclusions
The present work is dealt with the properties of invertible elements on fuzzy Banach algebra.
It will be natural to continue the study of the spectral theory on fuzzy Banach algebra.
7
B. Dinda, T.K.Samanta / A Note on Fuzzy Banach Algebra
References
[1] A.K.Katsaras, Fuzzy topological vector space II, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 12( 1984 ) 143 - 154.
[2] S.C.Cheng, J.N.Mordeson, Fuzzy Linear Operators and Fuzzy Normed Linear Spaces, Bull. Cal. Math.
Soc. 86( 1994 ) 429 - 436.
[3] C.Felbin, Finite dimentional fuzzy normed linear spaces, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 48 ( 1992 ) 239 - 248.
[4] T. Bag, S.K. Samanta, Finite dimensional fuzzy normed linear space, The J. Fuzzy Mathematics 11(3)
( 2003 ) 687 - 705.
[5] T. Bag, S.K. Samanta, Fuzzy bounded linear operators , Fuzzy Sets and Systems 151 ( 2005 ) 513 - 547.
[6] B.Dinda, T.K. Samanta, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Continuity and Uniform Convergence , Int. J. Open Prob-
lems Compt.Math., 3(1)( 2010 )8-26.
[7] B.Schweizer, A.Sklar, Statistical metric space, Pacic Journal of Mathematics 10 ( 1960 ) 314-334.
[8] L.A.Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control 8 ( 1965 ) 338-353.
BIVAS DINDA, Department of Mathematics,Mahishamuri Ramkrishna Vidyapith, Howrah-
711401, West Bengal, India. E-mail: bvsdinda@gmail.com
T.K. SAMANTA, Department of Mathematics, Uluberia College, Howrah, India.
E-mail: mumpu

tapas5@yahoo.co.in
8