INTRODUCTION

With an advanced microarchitecture and core frequency of 2.0 GHz and 2.5 GHz,
the Intel Celeron processor is ideal for scalable Intel performance embedded
computing, including communications, transaction terminal and industrial
automation applications. While incorporating new features and improvements, it
remains software compatible with previous members of the Intel microprocessor
family.

Intel® Celeron® M processors on 90nm process technology are available in both

standard and ultra-low-voltage versions, providing a range of performance, value
and power options for a variety of thermally sensitive embedded and
communications applications.

These processors offer ideal solutions for small-to-medium business and

enterprise communications applications, storage appliances, and embedded
devices like point-of-sale kiosks and ATMs. In addition, they are software-
compatible with previous members of the Intel® microprocessor family.

The new Intel® Celeron® processor delivers a balanced level of proven

technology and exceptional value for desktop PCs. Based on a new energy-
efficient microarchitecture, this Celeron processor enables smaller, quieter, and
more capable desktop PCs. .

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 A BRIEF CELERON HISTORY

The original Celerons were economy versions of the Intel Pentium II processor.
Intel figured that by taking a Pentium II and deleting the separate L2 cache chips
mounted inside the processor cartridge (and also deleting the cosmetic cover), it
could create a "new" processor that was basically just a slower version of the
Pentium II. As such, the first 266MHz and 300MHz Celeron models didn't include
any L2 cache. Unfortunately, this proved to have far too great a crippling effect
on performance, so starting with the 300A versions, the Celeron received 128KB
of on-die full-speed L2 cache, which was actually faster and more advanced than
the 512KB of half-speed cache used in the Pentium II it was based on! In fact,
the Celeron was the first PC processor to receive on-die L2 cache. It wasn't until
the Coppermine version of the Pentium III appeared that on-die L2 cache
migrated to Intel's main processors.

The earliest Celerons from 266MHz up through 400MHz were produced in a

SEPP design that physically looked like a circuit board and that was designed to
fit into Slot 1. This is the same slot the Pentium II used, meaning the Celeron
SEPP plugged into any Pentium II Slot-1 motherboard. As the Celeron continued
to develop, the form factor was changed to correspond with changes in the
Pentium II-, III-, and 4-class processors from which it was adapted. Starting with
the 300A processor (300MHz Celeron with 128KB of on-die Level 2 cache),
Celerons were produced in a PPGA package using the Socket 370 interface.
This socket, with differences in voltage, was later used for most versions of the
Pentium III. Celerons using Socket 370 range in speed from 300MHz all the way
up to 1.4GHz. Along the way, the packaging changed from PPGA to FC-PGA
and FC-PGA2. The latter added a metal heat spreader on top of the die offering
better protection for the fragile die.

Celeron processors based on the Pentium 4 are produced in one of two package
designs. Some use the FC-PGA2 package that fits into the same Socket 478
used by most Pentium 4 processors. However, the Celeron D is available in both
the Socket 478 package and Socket T (LGA775) package used by the Prescott
core version of the Pentium 4. The Celeron was never produced in the short-lived
Socket 423 form factor the original Pentium 4 processors used.

As this very brief history shows, the name Celeron has never meant anything
more specific than a reduced-performance version of Intel's current mainstream
processor. Before you can decide whether a particular Celeron processor is a
suitable choice, you need to know what its features are and especially on which
processor it is based. At least eight discrete variations of the Celeron processor
exist.

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 ABOUT CELERON

Highlights of the Celeron include the following:

 Available at 300MHz (300A) and higher core frequencies with 128KB on-
die L2 cache; 300MHz and 266MHz core frequencies without L2 cache

 L2 cache supports up to 4GB RAM address range and ECC

 Uses same P6 core processor as the Pentium II (266MHz through

533MHz), the Pentium III (533A MHz and higher), and the Pentium 4
(1.7GHz and higher)

 Dynamic execution microarchitecture

 Operates on a 66MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, or 533MHz CPU bus

depending on the version

 Specifically designed for lower-cost value PC systems

 Includes MMX technology; Celeron 533A and higher include SSE; Celeron
1.7GHz and higher include SSE2; Celeron D models include SSE3

 More cost-effective packaging technology, including SEP, PPGA, and FC-

PGA or FC-PGA2 packages

 Integrated L1 and L2 cache on most models, with amount and type

depending on the version; typically, the Celeron has half the L2 cache of
the processor core it is patterned after

 Integrated thermal diode for temperature monitoring

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 INTEL CELERON PROCESSOR FAMILY

Intel Celeron family is a line of budget x86 processors based on Pentium designs.
Originally based on Intel Pentium II architecture, the Celeron processors
migrated over time to Pentium III and Pentium 4 architectures. Priced lower than
their Pentium
(like dual processing or multiprocessing). The Celerons are also slower than
similar-clocked Pentiums due to smaller L2 cache size and sometimes slower
bus speed. Celeron CPUs are usually packaged the same way as Pentium II/III/4
processors and can be used in motherboards designed for Pentium II/III/4
processors.

Desktop Celeron (SEPP)

Intel Celeron 266

266 MHz
No L2 cache
Single Edge Processor package (slot 1)

Celeron 266 based on Covington core was the first processor from Celeron
series. While this processor had poor performance due to lack of L2 cache, it
was very popular because with its low price and very high overclockability the
CPU had very good price/performance ratio. Many Celerons 266 could be easily
overclocked to 400 MHz by changing bus frequency from 66 MHz to 100 MHz.
Even if the microprocessor wasn't running stable at 400 MHz, it was still possible
to run it at 333 MHz by changing bus frequency to 83 MHz.

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 Desktop Celeron (PPGA)

Intel Celeron 366 - FV80524RX366128 (FV524RX366 128)

All Intel Celeron processors in PPGA package were based on Mendocino core.
Mendocino was the first Intel x86 core that integrated level 2 cache with the core
(Pentium Pro had level 2 cache on a separate die, and Pentium II processors
used external cache chips).

The core had only 128 KB of level 2

cache, but smaller cache size was
partially compensated by faster cache
speed - it was running twice as fast as
the Pentium II level 2 cache. The
Mendocino core didn't require external
cache chips, therefore it could fit on
smaller and cheaper Plastic Pin Grid
Array (PPGA) package. To work with the
Celeron PPGA package Intel designed
new 370-pin socket - socket 370, or
PGA370.

Coppermine Desktop Celeron (370-pin FCPGA)

Intel Celeron 950 - RB80526RY950128 (BX80526F950128)

Second generation of socket 370-compatible Celeron processors was based on

Coppermine core. Like the Mendocino core, the Coppermine core had level 2
cache integrated on the die. The size of level 2 cache didn't change from older
PPGA Celerons - it was 128 KB, or half the size of L2 cache of Pentium III
Coppermine processors. The cache itself was improved - it featured 256-bit wide
path to the cache and had lower latency than the cache of PPGA processors.
Another enhancement in Coppermine Celerons was addition of SSE instructions,
which could significantly boost processor performance in SSE-enabled
applications. Core voltage of the Coppermine processors was reduced from 2.0
Volt to 1.5 - 1.75 Volt, which resulted in lower power consumption and cooler
running processors.

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New package type of these Celerons,
with processor die exposed on the top
of the chip, also allowed better
processor cooling. Coppermine
Celeron microprocessors required
revised socket 370 - this socket was
mechanically, but not electrically
compatible with PPGA Socket 370,
which made all Copermine CPUs
incompatible with many old Socket 370
motherboards.

Tualatin Desktop Celeron (370-pin FCPGA2)

Intel Celeron 1400 - RK80530RY017256 (BX80530F1400256)

The last generation of socket 370 Celeron processors featured Tualatin core with
256 KB level 2 cache, often called as Tualatin-256. Having twice as much cache
as Coppermine Celerons, these microprocessors performed as fast as Pentium
III Copermine processors running at the same Front Side Bus frequency (100
MHz). Besides larger level 2 cache, the Celerons also had lower core voltage
and power consumption.

The package of these processors

was modified. It still used Flip-Chip
packaging technology, where the
processor die was mounted upside
down on the top of the plastic
package, but on Tualatin Celerons
the die was covered by integrated
heatsink. Like the Pentium III
Tualatin CPUs, the Celerons used
new bus interface, and, though the
Celerons could fit into older socket
370 motherboards, the processors
couldn't work in them. It was still
possible to use special Tualatin
socket 370 adapters to run Tualatin
Celeron processors in old
motherboards.

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Desktop Celeron Willamette

Intel Celeron 1600 - RK80531RC025128

Intel Celeron Willamette processors were the first Celerons based on NetBurst
micro-architecture. Willamette Celeron CPUs featured 400 MHz Front-Side Bus,
long 20-stage pipeline, SSE2 instructions and enhanced branch prediction.

These Celeron processors were

produced using 0.18 micron technology
and had the same voltage as Pentium
4 Willamette processors. Level 2 cache
size on the Celeron microprocessors
was twice smaller than on Pentium 4,
which resulted in about 10% lower
performance of Celeron processors.
Smaller L2 cache was the only
difference of these CPUs from Pentium
4 processors with the same core.

Desktop Celeron Northwood

Intel Celeron 2100 - RK80532RC045128 (BX80532RC2100B)

The next generation of Celeron-branded microprocessors was based on Pentium

4 Northwood core. These Celerons were produced on 0.13 micron technology,
and had almost the same microarchitecture as Pentium 4 Northwood
microprocessors with a few exceptions. Even though the size of L2 cache was
doubled on Pentium 4 Northwood processors, Northwood Celerons had the
same 128 KB L2 cache as their predecessors - Willamette Celeron. Front Side
Bus frequency of Celeron processors was also unchanged. Celeron
microprocessors didn't include Hyper-Threading technology that was present on
all Pentium 4 Northwood CPUs with 800 MHz FSB. On a plus side, the
Northwood Celerons had lower core voltage than their Willamette processors, as
a result Northwood processors ran cooler. The Celeron CPUs were packaged in
478-pin FC-PGA2 package with integrated heatsink, and required socket 478
motherboards.

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 Desktop Celeron Conroe-L

Celeron 400 series family was the first family of low-cost desktop CPUs based on
Core micro-architecture. The 400 series processors include basic features of the
Core microarchitecture - 64-bit processing, Execute Disable bit, enhanced
branch prediction, support for SSE3 and Supplemental SSE3, quad-pumped
Front-side Bus, and others. As usual for all budget processors, these Celerons
do not include as many features, or have inferior features as compared to
desktop high-performance CPUs. The Celeron 400 series include only single
CPU core, small 512 KB level 2 cache, and they do not have Enhanced
SpeedStep technology.

Mobile Celeron Mendocino

Intel Mobile Celeron 433 - KC80524KX433128

Mobile Celeron microprocessors with Mendocino core share many features with
desktop Mendocino CPUs. All Mendocino Celerons are based on P6 micro-
architecture, have 32 KB level 1 cache, integrate 128 KB level 2 cache running at
the CPU speed, and, like almost all others P6 CPUs, support MMX instructions.

Mobile Celerons have much lower

power consumption than desktop
Mendocino processors partly due to
lower core voltage and partly due to two
new power-saving modes - Quick Start
and Deep Sleep. The Mobile
Mendocino CPUs are packaged into
615-pin micro-PGA or 615-ball BGA
packages - these packages are much
smaller than 370-pin PPGA package of
desktop microprocessors.

Mobile Celeron Module

Intel Mobile Celeron 400 MMC-1 -

PMH40001001ES

400 MHz
128 KB L2 cache
MMC-1 package

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Mobile Celeron Coppermine
Intel Mobile Celeron 750
KP80526NY750128
(BXM80526B750128)

750 MHz
128 KB L2 cache
495-pin micro-PGA2

Mobile Celeron Coppermine-T

Mobile Coppermine-T microprocessors combine features from two different

Celeron cores: Coppermine and Tutalatin. Like Coppermine processors, the
Coppermine-T CPUs are manufactured using 0.18 micron technology, have the
same size and of L1 and L2 caches, similar CPU features, and approximately the
same core voltage and power consumption. Unlike the Coppermine core, the
Coppermine-T core uses newer low-power AGTL system bus, and can work in
motherboards designed for Tualatin processors. Bus frequency of Coppermine-T
Celerons was increased from 100 MHz to 133 MHz, and two low-power modes -
Stop Grant and Sleep - were removed. The Coppermine-T processors were
packaged in 478-pin micro-FCPGA and 479-ball micro-FCBGA packages, that is
the same packages as mobile Tualation CPUs.

Mobile Celeron Northwood

Intel Mobile Celeron 2 GHz -
RH80532NC041256

2 GHz
400 MHz FSB
256 KB L2 cache
478-pin micro-FCPGA

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 LIST OF FUTURE INTEL CELERON MICROPROCESSORS

The Celeron is a family of microprocessors from Intel targeted at the low-end

consumer market. CPUs in the Celeron brand have used designs from sixth- to
eight-generation CPU microarchitectures.

Dual-Core Desktop processors

Celeron

"Allendale" (standard-voltage, 65 nm)

 Based on Intel Core microarchitecture

 All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64 (Intel's x86-
64 implementation), XD bit (an NX bit implementation)
 Stepping: M0
 Die size: 107 mm²

Dual-Core Mobile processors

Celeron

"Penryn" (low-voltage, 45 nm)

 Based on Intel Core microarchitecture

 All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64 (Intel's x86-
64 implementation), XD bit (an NX bit implementation)
 Package size: 22mm squared
 Stepping: M0
 Die size: TBA

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 CONCLUTION

The Celeron was introduced in response to Intel's loss of the low-end market, in
particular to Cyrix's 6x86, AMD's K6, and IDT Winchip. Intel's existing low-end
product, the Pentium MMX, was no longer performance competitive at 233 MHz.
Although a faster Pentium MMX would have been a lower-risk strategy, the
industry standard Socket 7 platform hosted a market of competitor CPUs which
could be drop-in replacements for the Pentium MMX. Instead, Intel pursued a
budget part that was pin-compatible with their high-end Pentium II product, using
the Pentium II's (Slot 1) interface. The Celeron was used in many low end
machines and, in some ways, became the standard for non gaming computers.

Systems based on the Celeron processor are ideal for day-to-day computing,
whether in the home, classroom, or office. The Execute Disable Bit¹, a built-in
security feature, helps protect your programs and files from viruses, worms, and
other malicious attacks. The Celeron processor also includes Intel® 64²
architecture, so you can access larger amounts of memory when used with
appropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software. A faster Front Side Bus
accelerates access between the processor core and your data for an enhanced
computing experience.

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3. Pabst, Thomas (1998-04-16). "CPU Performance from Socket 7 to Slot 1",

Tom's Hardware Guide. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.

4. Slater, Michael (1998-05-27). "Microprocessors have PCs humming", EE

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7. Joch, Alan (2001-04-30). "Buses: Front-side and backside", ITworld.com.

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set extensions", My-ESM. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.

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