DILCMA IN MANAGLMLN1 (nLAL1n SLkVICLS)

BUSINESS PLAN

FIT AND FAB HEALTH SHOP AND
DISTRIBUTOR





VISICN
A company LhaL never sLops Lrylng Lo do beLLer 1o be Lhe forefronL of Lhe lndusLry ln
knowledge lnnovaLlon Lechnology and ln ploneerlng new producLs and servlces llL and lab
wlll beyond Lhe LradlLlonal pharmaceuLlcal role of admlnlsLerlng pharmacy beneflLs 1hrough
lnnovaLlon and personallzaLlon were advanclng Lhe pracLlce of pharmacy ?ou can counL on us
Lo conLlnue belng a caLalysL for poslLlve change because we never sLop Lrylng Lo do lL beLLer
MISSICN
1o provlde superlor pharmaceuLlcal servlces ln Lerms of naLural remedles LhaL aLlenLs
recommend Lo famllles and frlends physlclans prefer for Lhelr paLlenLs purchasers selecL for
Lhelr cllenLs employees are proud of and lnvesLors seek for longLerm resulLs
C8ILC1IVLS
O 8educe Lhe overall budgeL cosLs for Lhe followlng year by 23
O lncrease Lhe revenue of Lhe company by means of lncrease producLlon of goods and servlces
by 30
O lncrease Lhe cusLomer saLlsfacLlon by havlng 20 lncrease ln cllenLele
nSICAL kLSCUkCLS
1 8UILDING
O Cff|ce space
8oom for sLaff LhaL are responslble for paperworks audlLlng flnances and
conLrolllng sLocks Lo be manufacLured and dellvered
O Conference room
space for meeLlng and organlzlng evenLs and bralnsLormlng for new ldeas LhaL wlll
help sell Lhe producL Lo Lhe markeL
O Storage room
manufacLured producLs wlll be kepL here
O Manufactur|ng room
8uslesL parL of Lhe bulldlng because producLs are belng made lnLo pleces and
packed ln Lhls room
O ormu|a room
raw maLerlals are kepL ln Lhls room and belng calculaLed aL Lhe same Lo geL Lhe
exacL amounL needed Lo creaLe Lhe speclflc producL
O Shop
8oom where cusLomers can purchase Lhelr goods

MACnINLk
O Manufactur|ng mach|ne
llve dlfferenL manufacLurlng machlnes for maklng pllls LableLs creams gel and
syrup
O ack|ng mach|ne
llve heavy duLy machlnes use for packlng end producLs
O M|xer
llve heavy duLy mlxers use for mlxlng raw maLerlals
O r|dge
1emperaLure should be regulaLed Lo ensure LhaL Lhe raw maLerlals and end
producLs were properly preserved
3 CICL LUIMLN1
O Computers
O r|nters
O Lftpost mach|ne
4 CLINIC LUIMLN1
O 1reatment bed
O Ch|ropract|c bed
O Doctor's tab|e
O Je|gh|ng sca|e
1ASk ANALSIS
1 MAkkL1ING MANAGLk

O know the compet|tors
Check Lhe number of compeLlLors ln Lhe area
Check whaL Lhe oLher compeLlLors offer
Pave an ldea of Lhe compeLlLor's cllenLs
Check Lhe sLablllLy of oLher compeLlLors
know Lhelr Lleup companles
SLudy Lhelr sLrengLhs and weaknesses

O Coord|nate
8ralnsLorm for sLraLeglc adverLlsemenLs
ueslgn webslLes and ln charge wlLh medla
ueslgn blllboards and where Lo puL Lhem
CreaLe Lelevlslon adverLlsemenLs
choose Lhe approprlaLe people / personallLles Lo endorse Lhe producL
provlde prlnLs / coples of adverLlsemenLs LhaL wlll be hand over Lo Lhe publlc


IC8 DLSCkI1ICN
8esponslble for developlng and malnLalnlng markeLlng sLraLegles Lo meeL organlzaLlonal
ob[ecLlves LvaluaLes cusLomer research markeL condlLlons compeLlLor daLa and lmplemenLs markeLlng
plan changes as needed Cversees all markeLlng adverLlslng and promoLlonal sLaff and acLlvlLles
kespons|b|||t|es
Market|ng
O 8esponslble for Lhe markeLlng of professlonal onllne recrulLlng servlces Lallored excluslvely Lo
Lhe sales and markeLlng lndusLry
O uemonsLraLes Lechnlcal markeLlng skllls and producL knowledge of llL and lab's Sales 8ecrulLlng
SysLem
O 1o manage Lhe MarkeLlng ueparLmenL 8udgeL uellvery of all markeLlng acLlvlLy wlLhln agreed
budgeL ulrecLlon of markeLlng sLaff where budgeLs are devolved
O 1he achlevemenL of frequenL Llmely and poslLlve medla coverage for llL and lab and lL's
programs across all avallable medla
Manag|ng
O Managlng Lhe enLlre producL llne llfe cycle from sLraLeglc plannlng Lo LacLlcal acLlvlLles
O Speclfylng markeL requlremenLs for currenL and fuLure producLs by conducLlng markeL research
supporLed by ongolng vlslLs Lo cusLomers and noncusLomers
O urlvlng a soluLlon seL across developmenL Leams (prlmarlly uevelopmenL/Lnglneerlng and
MarkeLlng CommunlcaLlons) Lhrough markeL requlremenLs producL conLracL and poslLlonlng
O ueveloplng and lmplemenLlng a companywlde goLomarkeL plan worklng wlLh all deparLmenLs
Lo execuLe
O Analyzlng poLenLlal parLner relaLlonshlps for llL and lab producL llnes
ke|at|onsh|ps and ko|es
O uemonsLraLe ablllLy Lo lnLeracL and cooperaLe wlLh all company employees
O 8ulld LrusL value oLhers communlcaLe effecLlvely drlve execuLlon fosLer lnnovaLlon focus on
Lhe cusLomer collaboraLe wlLh oLhers solve problems creaLlvely and demonsLraLe hlgh
lnLegrlLy
O roacLlvely esLabllsh and malnLaln effecLlve worklng Leam relaLlonshlps wlLh all supporL
deparLmenLs MosL llkely handles creaLlve Lechnlcal and research deparLmenL
IC8 SLCIICA1ICNS
O 46 years of sales experlence ln Lhe markeLlng lndusLry
O Lxperlence wlLh enLerprlse sofLware soluLlons and large complex organlzaLlons
O LxLenslve experlence ln all aspecLs of developlng and malnLalnlng markeLlng sLraLegles Lo meeL
organlzaLlonal ob[ecLlves
O SLrong undersLandlng of cusLomer and markeL dynamlcs and requlremenLs
O Wllllngness Lo Lravel and work ln a global Leam of professlonals
O roven ablllLy Lo overseas all markeLlng adverLlslng and promoLlonal sLaff and acLlvlLles

CICL MANAGLk

O MAIN1AIN CICL SLkVICLS

ueslgn and lmplemenL offlce pollcles
LsLabllsh sLandards and procedures
Crganlze offlce operaLlons and procedures
Supervlse offlce sLaff
MonlLor and record long dlsLance phone calls
repare Llme sheeLs
ConLrol correspondences
8evlew and approve supply requlslLlons
Llalse wlLh oLher agencles organlzaLlons and groups
updaLe organlzaLlonal membershlps
MalnLaln offlce equlpmenL
Supervlse offlce sLaff

O SULkVISLS CICL S1A

Asslgn and monlLor clerlcal and secreLarlal funcLlons
8ecrulL and selecL offlce sLaff
CrlenL and Lraln employees
rovlde on Lhe [ob and oLher Lralnlng opporLunlLles
Supervlse sLaff
LvaluaLe sLaff performance
Coachlng and dlsclpllnlng sLaff
IC8 DLSCkI1ICN
8esponslble for Lhe organlzaLlon and coordlnaLlon of offlce operaLlons procedures and resources Lo
faclllLaLe organlzaLlonal effecLlveness and efflclency
Ma|n Iob 1asks and kespons|b|||t|es
Manag|ng Staff
asslgn and monlLor clerlcal admlnlsLraLlve and secreLarlal responslblllLles and Lasks among
offlce sLaff
allocaLlon of resources Lo enable Lask performance
coordlnaLe offlce sLaff acLlvlLles Lo ensure maxlmum efflclency
evaluaLe and manage sLaff performance

kecru|tement
recrulL and selecL offlce sLaff
organlze orlenLaLlon and Lralnlng of new sLaff members
kecord keep|ng
ensure flllng sysLems are malnLalned and currenL
monlLor record keeplng
ensure securlLy and confldenLlallLy of daLa
deslgn and lmplemenL offlce pollcles and procedures
prepare operaLlonal reporLs and schedules Lo ensure efflclency
monlLor and malnLaln offlce supplles lnvenLory
malnLaln a safe and secure worklng envlronmenL
handle cusLomer lnqulrles and complalnLs
IC8 SLCIICA1ICN
O Lxperlence of plannlng offlce meeLlng schedules by coordlnaLlng wlLh Lhe concerned
deparLmenLs Laklng care of Lelephonlc conferences and lnspecLlng updaLlng Lhe records for
Lhe same
O knowledge of preparlng Lhe annual offlce budgeL and puLLlng lL for approval [usLlfy Lhe
expenses Lo Lhe accounLs sLaff and coordlnaLlng wlLh Lhe admlnlsLraLlve deparLmenL for
execuLlng cerLaln records
O LffecLlve lnLerpersonal skllls Lo communlcaLe Lhe offlce sLaff all deparLmenLs and welcomlng Lhe
poLenLlal cllenLs Lo Lhe offlce premlses
O Cood leadershlp and moLlvaLlonal abilities to energize the staII Ior better perIormance.

LLGAL ISSULS
1 NA1UkL AND CnAkAC1LkIS1ICS

SCLL 1kADLk a slngle person buslness easlesL Lo seLup wlLh low sLarLup
cosLs and cheap Lo run Slmple Lax and no reglsLraLlon requlred buL wlLh llmlLed
resources and wlLh dlfflculLy ln accesslng caplLal and credlL Success also
depends on Lhe owner's managemenL and knowledge

Ak1NLkSnI Lhe buslness wlll Lrade under Lhe parLner's names neL proflL wlll
be spllL among Lhe parLners and boLh of Lhem wlll normally be [olnLly and
severally llable for Lhe debLs of Lhe parLnershlp buslness conLlnuance ls also
posslble lf one parLner becomes slck or unable Lo perform Lhelr duLles ln Lhe
buslness

LIMI1LD LIA8ILI1 Lhe buslness wlll operaLe under Lhe company's name Lhe
neL proflL of Lhe buslness ls Lhe company's proflL and lL wlll pay Lax on lL unless lL
ls dlsLrlbuLed as dlrecLor's fees/shareholder salarles ln whlch case Lhe
dlrecLors/shareholders wlll pay Lax on lL 1he company ls also llable for lLs debLs
alLhough offlce holders and shareholders can be held llable ln a cerLaln
clrcumsLances AparL from LhaL Lhere are also separaLe legal enLlLles wlLhln Lhe
company

Ak1NLkSnI
O ln Lhls Lype of buslness parLnershlp ls Lhe mosL sulLable Lype of sLrucLure
8eaplng formulaLlng and dlsLrlbuLlng naLural goods ls hard Lo be
shouldered by one person lf Lwo persons coexlsL one wlll be responslble
for Lhe manufacLurlng and manpower whlle Lhe oLher wlll Lake care of
sales and dlsLrlbuLlon of Lhe merchandlse

3 under Lhe Medlclnes AcL 1981 a Llcense Lo CperaLe harmacy auLhorlzes Lhe
esLabllshmenL of a pharmacy aL a speclfled slLe and Lo carry ouL pharmacy pracLlce aL
LhaL slLe 1hese llcenses are lssued by Lhe Llcenslng AuLhorlLy aL Lhe MlnlsLry of PealLh
no pharmacy may be open Lo Lhe publlc unless lL ls llcensed and under Lhe lmmedlaLe
supervlslon and conLrol of a pharmaclsL lf a pharmaclsL ls noL presenL and able Lo
exerclse dlrecL supervlslon and conLrol Lhe pharmacy musL close

MAkkL1ING LAN
Market|ng Cb[ect|ves
O lncrease repeaL cusLomers by 7 each quarLer
O lncrease cusLomer awareness of llL and lab PealLh SLore as evldenced by an lncrease ln producL
requesLs solely generaLed by knowledge of Lhe healLh sLore's name
1arget|ng Strategy
1he slngle ob[ecLlve of llL and lab PealLh SLore ls Lo esLabllsh ourselves as Lhe manufacLurer and
dlsLrlbuLor of naLural producLs servlng Auckland llL and lab wlll alm Lo achleve a 30 markeL
peneLraLlon wlLhln flve years 1he sLraLegy wlll seek Lo flrsL creaLe cusLomer awareness regardlng Lhe
producLs/servlces offered develop Lhe cusLomer base and work Loward bulldlng cusLomer loyalLy and
referrals
llL and lab wlll use adverLlsemenLs Lo communlcaLe Lhe message AdverLlsemenLs wlll be placed ln
dlfferenL venues dependlng on Lhe LargeL segmenL LhaL ls Lrylng Lo be reached 1o reach Lhe walkln
cusLomers adverLlsemenLs wlll be run ln newspapers and fllers

os|t|on|ng Strategy
llL and lab wlll poslLlon Lhemselves as Lhe premler cusLomerservlceorlenLaLed seller and dlsLrlbuLor of
naLural healLh producLs ln Auckland We wlll offer a good selecLlon greaL servlce and beLLer prlces Lhan
LradlLlonal healLh sLores 1he healLh sLore wlll leverage Lhelr compeLlLlve edge Lo achleve Lhls
poslLlonlng We are Lhe only healLh sLore LhaL manufacLure sell and dlsLrlbuLe our producL because we
wanL Lo ensure Lhe safeLy and effecLlveness of Lhe producLs
Cur buslness' compeLlLlve edge ls superlor prlclng Cenerally lL ls noL a susLalnable pracLlce Lo compeLe
on prlce 1hls ls Lhe case because lL ls based on Lhe assumpLlon LhaL Lhe compeLlLlon has Lhe same cosL
sLrucLure so ln order Lo compeLe on prlce you have Lo accepL smaller marglns whlch over Llme wlll
erode Lhe buslness model and proflLablllLy
llL and lab ls able Lo decrease operaLlng cosLs by noL offerlng all of Lhe Lyplcal servlces LradlLlonally
offered by pharmacles and LradlLlonal medlclne sLores 1he flrsL cosL measure ls only employlng a slngle
pharmaclsL ln compllance wlLh lederal regulaLlons and uslng pharmaceuLlcal Lechnlclans whenever
posslble As long as a pharmaclsL ls onslLe durlng Lhe hours of operaLlon 1he sLore can use Lhe
pharmaceuLlcal Lechs ln all oLher capaclLles LhaL mosL pharmacles use pharmaclsLs for
LasLly Lhe walkln cusLomers wlll be LargeLed Lhrough adverLlsemenLs ln Lhe local paper 1he
adverLlsemenLs wlll ralse vlslblllLy for llL and lab and our dlscounLed prlces As Lhe prlce of medlcaLlon
conLlnues Lo skyrockeL llL and lab wlll appeal Lo local people as a way Lo Lry Lo conLaln Lhese rlslng
cosLs
1he sLore was also supporLed by new Zealand SLore a leadlng adverLlslng company LhaL focuses on
dlfferenL healLh buslness

Market|ng M|x

roducts Consumer wants and needs
1he des|gn lL can be a declslve advanLage buL lL changes wlLh fads lL has Lhe Lree logo Lo deplcL Lhe
naLural lngredlenLs of our producL
1he packag|ng lL musL provlde a beLLer appearance and a convenlenL use Creen and blue are Lhe
maln colors of Lhe packaglng
1he safety lL does noL concern fun board buL lL maLLers very much for producLs used by klds and
elderly
1he green A frlendly producL Lo envlronmenL geLs an advanLage among some segmenLs
ln buslness Lo buslness and for expenslve lLems Lhe besL mean of dlfferenLlaLlon are warranLles reLurn
pollcy malnLenance servlce Llme paymenLs and flnanclal and lnsurance servlces llnked Lo Lhe producL
r|ce cost to sat|sfy
O locus on bundle prlclng sLraLegles for example monLhly reLalner annual reLalner all servlces
bundled for a seL raLe cerLaln servlces bundled LogeLher for beLLer prlclng
O rlces/bllllngs compared and analyzed annually agalnsL Lop Lhree compeLlLors
O CosLs analyzed monLhly cosL conLalnmenL and reducLlon a key sLraLegy for compeLlLlve prlclng
|ace Conven|ence to buy
O ulrecL sales Lo buslness cllenLs (Lhls ls also an advanLage you are close Lo your cusLomers and
wlll beLLer undersLand Lhelr changlng needs) keep ln regular conLacL (don'L walL for Lhem Lo
call you)
O Selllng vla ecommerce Lhrough Lhe company webslLe eg forms and counsellng eLc
O AnoLher advanLage of dlrecL sales ls LhaL you conLrol your prlclng alLhough Lhe markeL wlll
dlcLaLe whaL lL pays
O areas where hosplLal and cllnlcs are nearby
romot|on Commun|cat|on
O AdverLlslng programs local newspapers local radlo local magazlnes buslness Lrade [ournals
O ersonal selllng Sales and MarkeLlng sLaff faceLoface
O ulrecL markeLlng campalgns Lo LargeLed and exlsLlng cllenLs lncludlng permissionbosed emoi/
morketinq
O LducaLlonal programs Lo exlsLlng cllenLs and dellvered Lo new cllenLs
O WebslLe search englne opLlmlzed
O newsleLLer hoL Loplcs
O Local radlo weekly legal Lalk show (13 Lo 30 mlnuLes)

INANCIAL LAN
Cap|ta| and Cperat|ona| Cost
Nature of Cap|ta| 8udget|ng
O CaplLal expendlLure plans lnvolve a huge lnvesLmenL ln flxed asseLs
O CaplLal expendlLure once approved represenLs longLerm lnvesLmenL LhaL cannoL be reserved or
wlLhdrawn wlLhouL susLalnlng a loss
lL may be asserLed here LhaL declslon regardlng caplLal lnvesLmenL should be Laken very
carefully so LhaL Lhe fuLure plans of Lhe company are noL affecLed adversely
Cperat|ona| Cost
1 Cverhead cosLs for a buslness are Lhe cosL of resources used by an organlzaLlon [usL Lo malnLaln
lLs exlsLence Cverhead cosLs are usually measured ln moneLary Lerms buL nonmoneLary
overhead ls posslble ln Lhe form of Llme requlred Lo accompllsh Lasks
overhead cosLs lnclude
O paymenL of renL on Lhe offlce space a buslness occuples
O cosL of elecLrlclLy for Lhe offlce llghLs
O some offlce personnel wages
nonoverhead cosLs are lncremenLal cosLs such as Lhe cosL of raw maLerlals used ln Lhe goods a
buslness sells
CperaLlng CosL ls calculaLed by CosL of goods sold + CperaLlng Lxpenses CperaLlng Lxpenses conslsL of
AdmlnlsLraLlve and offlce expenses llke renL salarles Lo sLaff lnsurance dlrecLors fees eLc Selllng and
dlsLrlbuLlon expenses llke adverLlsemenL salarles of salesmen
2 LqulpmenL operaLlng cosLs may lnclude
O Salarles or Wages of personnel
O AdverLlslng
O 8aw maLerlals
O Llcense or equlvalenL fees (such as CorporaLlon yearly reglsLraLlon fees) lmposed by a
governmenL
O 8eal esLaLe expenses lncludlng
4 8enL or Lease paymenLs
4 Cfflce space renL
4 furnlLure and equlpmenL
4 Laxes such as fees assessed on LransporLaLlon carrlers for use of hlghways
O luel cosLs such as power for operaLlons fuel for producLlon
O ubllc uLlllLles such as Lelephone servlce lnLerneL connecLlvlLy eLc
O MalnLenance of equlpmenL
O Cfflce supplles and consumables
O lnsurance premlum
O uepreclaLlon of equlpmenL and evenLual replacemenL cosLs (unless Lhe faclllLy has no movlng
parLs lL probably wlll wear ouL evenLually)
O uamage due Lo unlnsured losses accldenL saboLage negllgence Lerrorlsm and rouLlne wear
and Lear
O 1axes on producLlon or operaLlon (such as subsldence fees lmposed on oll wells)
O lncome Laxes

AC1CkS 1C CCNSIDLk AkCUND 1nL LS1A8LISnMLN1 (S1Ak1U) 8UDGL1
Cash Sa|es
Cash Sales means all lncome from your maln buslness acLlvlLy whlch ls recelved aL Lhe Llme of sale ?our
maln acLlvlLles wlll conslsL of Lhe dlspenslng of nPS prescrlpLlons Lhe provlslon of nPS servlces plus Lhe
sale of a range of healLhcare lLems LolleLrles and so on uependlng on Lhe locaLlon of Lhe pharmacy you
may recelve prescrlpLlon charges from some paLlenLs aL Lhe Llme LhaL you dlspense Lhelr prescrlpLlon
and Lhese amounLs should be enLered here as should paymenLs recelved from cusLomers maklng
purchases of lLems sold ln your shop uonL enLer here Lhe monLhly relmbursemenL for nPS work LhaL
you wlll recelve 1hls goes elsewhere ln Lhe cash flow
AlLhough many cusLomers may pay you ln cash remember LhaL cash sales also lnclude
O cheques
O deblL and credlL card paymenLs
1o prepare your cash flow you wlll need Lo esLlmaLe how much lncome you wlll recelve over Lhe nexL 12
monLhs 1o do Lhls esLlmaLe how much nPS work you wlll do and how much lncome you wlll recelve
from nonnPS reLalllng acLlvlLles lncludlng vA1
our bus|ness
O where wlll your premlses be lL ls very lmporLanL LhaL Lhe pharmacy ls easlly accesslble Lo a wlde
range of cusLomers ldeally lL should be locaLed ln a resldenLlal dlsLrlcL a busy shopplng parade
or near a Cs surgery or healLh cenLre
O by law Lhere musL be a pharmaclsL presenL when Lhe pharmacy ls open you wlll need Lo
conslder where you wlll geL locums from and whaL meLhods you wlll use Lo monlLor Lhelr
performance
O how blg wlll your premlses be 1hls wlll affecL Lhe amounL of nonnPS sLock such as LolleLrles
healLh care producLs cosmeLlcs and so on LhaL you can dlsplay ?ou wlll need Lo provlde a
consulLaLlon area for paLlenLs lf you wanL Lo offer Advanced servlces such as Medlclnes use
8evlews (Mu8)
O whaL wlll your openlng hours be ln order Lo obLaln a conLracL wlLh Lhe relevanL auLhorlLy
(rlmary Care 1rusL or PealLh 8oard) you musL provlde aL leasL 40 core conLracLual hours per
week
O whaL securlLy measures wlll you puL ln place Lo proLecL your sLock
our products and serv|ces
O aparL from dlspenslng nPS and prlvaLe prescrlpLlons whaL oLher servlces wlll you offer
O whaL producL ranges wlll you sLock
O wlll you offer dlglLal prlnLlng servlces for example by lnsLalllng an lnsLanL phoLo klosk
O wlll you sell by mall order or vla Lhe lnLerneL
O wlll you offer a prescrlpLlon collecLlon and dellvery servlce
r|c|ng
O whaL wlll be your prlclng pollcy for Lhe reLall slde of your buslness ?ou musL be able Lo cover
your cosLs overheads and drawlngs
O wlll you offer dlscounLs (for example Lo pensloners) or speclal offers
Staff
O any counLer sLaff you employ Lo serve medlclnes Lo cusLomers musL have recelved Lralnlng Lo
8oyal harmaceuLlcal SocleLy sLandards
O whaL wlll be your pollcy on sLaff dlscounLs
O how wlll you monlLor sLaff LhefL
uture deve|opments
1here are a number of developmenLs whlch may ln Lhe long Lerm lead Lo changes ln Lhe way
communlLy pharmacles operaLe 8esale rlce MalnLenance (8M) whlch prevenLed overLhecounLer
medlclnes from belng dlscounLed has been abollshed and prlce cuLLlng on Lhese llnes by ma[or
supermarkeLs and pharmacy chalns ls llkely Lo keep compeLlLlon keen for Lhe lndependenL pharmaclsL
Jhat makes up the Cap|ta 8udget?
CaplLal budgeL lncludes planned ouLlays for longllved asseLs LhaL are expecLed Lo generaLe lncome or
supporL buslness operaLlons over a number of years 1hese usually exceed cosL mlnlmums as dlcLaLed by
accounLlng and/or Lax rules and lnclude buL are noL llmlLed Lo
O Land
O 8ulldlngs
O Machlnery
O Cfflce LqulpmenL
O lurnlLure llxLures
O vehlcles
O lnvesLmenLs ln CLher Companles
Also accordlng Lo accounLlng and Lax rules and varylng by Lype of asseL Lhe expendlLures made on
caplLal lLems such as Lhose llsLed above normally are spread over a number of years for Lhe purposes of
compuLlng neL lncome

orecast|ng Cash f|ow
1he slmplesL meLhod ls Lo have a spreadsheeL LhaL shows cash comlng ln from all sources ouL Lo aL leasL
90 days and all cash golng ouL for Lhe same perlod 1hls requlres LhaL Lhe quanLlLy and Llmlngs of
recelpLs of cash from sales are reasonably accuraLe whlch ln Lurn requlres [udgemenL honed by
experlence of Lhe lndusLry concerned because lL ls rare for cash recelpLs Lo maLch sales forecasLs
exacLly and lL ls also rare for suppllers all Lo pay on Llme 1hese prlnclples remaln consLanL wheLher Lhe
cash flow forecasLlng ls done on a spreadsheeL or on paper or on some oLher l1 sysLem
A danger of uslng Loo much corporaLe flnance LheoreLlcal meLhods ln cash flow forecasLlng for managlng
a buslness ls LhaL Lhere can be non cash lLems ln Lhe cashflow as reporLed under flnanclal accounLlng
sLandards
1he polnL of maklng Lhe forecasL of lncomlng cash ls Lo manage Lhe ouLflow of cash so LhaL Lhe buslness
remalns solvenL
kevenue Statement Inc|us|ons
O llscal year
O CosL of goods
O CperaLlng expenses such as research and developmenL
O CperaLlng lncome such as earnlngs before lnLeresL and Laxes
O nonrecurrlng evenLs such as dlsconLlnued operaLlons
O neL lncome
8a|ance Sheet Inc|us|ons
O AsseLs
O LlablllLles
O Cwner's equlLy

CUL1UkAL AC1CkS
1he new Zealand healLh referral sysLem needs Lo be adequaLely assessed ln Lerms of culLural facLors
relaLed Lo uLlllzaLlon 1hls ls parLly because of Lhe Morl populaLlons soclal funcLlonlng as a collecLlve
culLure buL also because Morl soclal sLrucLures of whnau (famlly) hapu (subLrlbe) and lwl (clan) are
dlscernlbly dlfferenL from wesLern populaLlons 1he role of older adulLs wlLhln Lhese sLrucLures ls
parLlcularly sallenL as elders ofLen assume leadershlp roles wlLhln famlly and Lrlbal sLrucLures and ln
conservaLlve Morl soclal seLLlngs
We should also Lake a loL of conslderaLlon Lo Lhe LreaLy of WalLangl lor Lhls LreaLy ls Lhe mere
foundaLlon of Lhe culLure and prlnclples of new Zealand
1he Morl and Lhelr land were Lo be proLecLed from unscrupulous land sharks who were Laklng
advanLage of Lhe unconLrolled slLuaLlon and Lhe 2000 seLLlers already esLabllshed ln Lhe counLry were
Lo be secured
lL was Lherefore noL long afLer Lhe arrlval of Lhe new Zealand Company seLLlers aL orL nlcholson
(boLLom of Lhe norLh lsland) LhaL CapLaln Pobson obLalned Lhe flrsL slgnaLures from Morl chlefs for Lhe
envlsaged 1reaLy of WalLangl
Among Lhe Lerms of Lhe LreaLy lL was sLaLed LhaL
O Morl would reLaln possesslon of Lhelr lands and flshlng areas
O AL Lhe same Llme Morl would accepL Lhe new Colonlal governmenLs preempLlve rlghL Lo
purchase land All sale of land by elLher Morl or Luropean would be LransacLed vla Lhe
governmenL
O Morl would accepL Lhe soverelgnLy of Lhe Cueen
O Morl would be guaranLeed Lhe same rlghLs and prlvlleges as Lhose of all 8rlLlsh sub[ecLs
kLLkLNCLS
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