ANSI/AISC 341-02 An American National Standard

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings

May 21, 2002

Supersedes the Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings dated April 15, 1997 including Supplements No. 1 and 2 and all previous versions
Approved by the AISC Committee on Specications and issued by the AISC Board of Directors

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC. One East Wacker Drive, Suite 3100 Chicago, Illinois 60601-2000

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Copyright by

2002

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. The AISC logo is a registered trademark of AISC and is used under license. The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specic application without competent professional examination and verication of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed engineer, architect or other professional. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modied or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition. The American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition.

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DEDICATION

Professor Egor Popov

This edition of the AISC Seismic Provisions is dedicated to the memory of Professor Egor Popov. Professor Popov was a Professor for over 50 years at the University of California at Berkeley, and a long time member of the AISC Committee on Specications. Professor Popov focused a major portion of his career improving the understanding and seismic performance of steel structures. He was instrumental in the development of seismic design provisions for steel structures for over thirty years, and initiated the activity of AISC in this regard in the late 1980s. As Chair of TC113 (the predecessor of TC9), he led the publication of the rst two editions of the AISC Seismic Provisions. Until the time of his death at the age of 88 early in 2001, Professor Popov remained a very active member of TC9 in the role of Vice Chair. His contributions to the development of these provisions and understanding of the seismic performance of steel buildings is unequaled, and will long be remembered and appreciated by AISC, the steel industry and the structural engineering profession. It is entirely tting that these provisions be dedicated to the memory of Professor Egor Popov.

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Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, May 21, 2002 American Institute of Steel Construction

PREFACE

(This Preface is not a part of ANSI/AISC 34102, Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, but is included for information purposes only.) The AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specication for Structural Steel Buildings is intended to cover the common design criteria in routine ofce practice. Accordingly, it is not feasible for it to also cover the many special and unique problems encountered within the full range of structural design practice. This document, the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (hereafter referred to as Seismic Provisions) is a separate consensus document that addresses one such topic: the design and construction of structural steel and composite structural steel/reinforced concrete building systems for seismic demands. These Provisions are presented in three parts: Part I is intended for the design and construction of structural steel buildings, using LRFD; Part II is intended for the design and construction of composite structural steel/reinforced concrete buildings; Part III is an allowable stress design alternative to the LRFD provisions for structural steel buildings in Part I. In addition, three appendices, a list of Symbols, a Glossary, and a nonmandatory Commentary with background information are provided. The rst letter(s) of words or terms that appear in the glossary are generally capitalized throughout these Provisions. The previous edition of the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, published on April 15, 1997, incorporated many of the early advances achieved as part of the FEMA/SAC program and other investigations and developments related to the seismic design of steel buildings. Recognizing that rapid and signicant changes in the knowledge base were occurring for the seismic design of steel buildings, especially Moment Frames, the AISC Specications Committee committed to generating frequent supplements to the Seismic Provisions. This commitment was intended to keep the provisions as current as possible. The rst such supplement was completed and published on February 15, 1999, Supplement No. 1 to the 1997 AISC Seismic Provisions. Supplement Number 2 to the 1997 AISC Seismic Provisions was published on November 10, 2000. This edition of the AISC Seismic Provisions incorporates Supplements No. 1 (February 15, 1999) and No. 2 (November 10, 2000) to the 1997 Seismic Provisions. This version also includes Errata to Sections 8.4 and 9.9. Additional revisions resulted from considering new information generated by the FEMA/SAC project, which culminated late in 2000, and other sources. These provisions were also modied to be consistent with the ASCE 7-02 document, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. This allows these provisions to be incorporated by reference into both the 2003 IBC and 2002 NFPA 5000 building codes that use ASCE 7-02 as their basis for design loadings. Because the scope of changes that have been made to these provisions since 1997 is so large, they are being republished in their entirety. A major update to the commentary to these provisions is also provided. Specic changes to these provisions include the

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PREFACE

following:

r r r r r r r r r r r r r

A clarication to the glossary to verify that chord and collector/drag elements in oor diaphragms are considered to be part of the Seismic Load Resisting System. Additional requirements for the toughness of ller metals to be used in completejoint-penetration groove welds in intermediate and Special Moment Frame systems. A revision to clarify member slenderness ratio requirements and better coordinate with the LRFD provisions. Increasing the Moment Frame column splice requirements to reect the FEMA/ SAC recommendations. Requiring that splices of columns that are not part of the Moment Frames develop a minimum shear force. Clarifying Column Base design demands for various systems. Adding a section on the use of H-pile members. Clarifying lateral bracing requirements of Moment Frame beams, including the provision of a required stiffness to be consistent with Section 3 of LRFD. Increasing SMF web Connection design requirements to be consistent with the FEMA/SAC recommendations. Adding a new appendix (Appendix P) that denes procedures to be used in the pre-qualication of moment Connections. Incorporating FEMA/SAC recommendations for weld access holes in OMF systems. Incorporating FEMA/SAC recommendations for the removal of weld backing and run-off tabs in OMF systems, including grinding surfaces to adequate smoothness. Dual units format. Values and equations are given in both U.S. customary and metric units. The metric conversions (given in parentheses following the U.S. units) are based on IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System. The equations are non-dimensionalized where possible by factoring out material constants, such as E.

The AISC Committee on Specications, Task Committee 9Seismic Provisions is responsible for the ongoing development of these Provisions. The AISC Committee on Specications gives nal approval of the document through an ANSI accredited balloting process, and has enhanced these Provisions through careful scrutiny, discussion, and suggestions for improvement. AISC further acknowledges the signicant contributions of several groups to the completion of this document: the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC), the SAC Joint Venture, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC).

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The reader is cautioned that professional judgment must be exercised when data or recommendations in these provisions are applied, as described more fully in the disclaimer notice preceding the Preface. By, the members of AISC Committee on Specications, Task Committee 9 Seismic Design: James O. Malley, Chair Mark Saunders, Vice-Chairman Roy Becker Gregory G. Deierlein Richard M. Drake Michael D. Engelhardt Roger E. Ferch Timothy P. Fraser Subhash Goel John L. Gross James R. Harris Patrick M. Hassett Roberto T. Leon Robert Lyons Harry W. Martin Clarkson W. Pinkham Rafael Sabelli Thomas A. Sabol Kurt D. Swensson Nabih F. G. Youssef Cynthia J. Lanz, Secretary John L. Gross James R. Harris Tony C. Hazel Mark V. Holland Lawrence A. Kloiber Roberto T. Leon James O. Malley Richard W. Marshall Harry W. Martin David L. McKenzie Duane K. Miller Thomas M. Murray R. Shankar Nair Jack E. Petersen Douglas A. Rees-Evans Donald R. Sherman W. Lee Shoemaker William A. Thornton Raymond H. R. Tide Joseph A. Yura Cynthia J. Lanz, Secretary

Approved by the AISC Committee on Specications, Stanley D. Lindsey, Chairman Roger E. Ferch, Vice-Chairman Hansraj G. Ashar William F. Baker John M. Barsom Willam D. Bast Reidar Bjorhovde Roger L. Brockenbrough Wai-Fah Chen Gregory G. Deierlein Duane S. Ellifritt Bruce R. Ellingwood Shu-Jin Fang Steven J. Fenves James M. Fisher John W. Fisher Timothy P. Fraser Theodore V. Galambos Louis F. Geschwindner Lawrence G. Grifs

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SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix PART I STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2. 3. 4. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS . . . . 5 GENERAL SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS . . . 7 4.1. Loads and Load Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2. Nominal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 STORY DRIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1. Material Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2. Material Properties for Determination of Required Strength 6.3. Notch-Toughness Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FASTENERS 7.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2. Bolted Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3. Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4. Other Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEMBERS . . . . . . 8.1. Scope . . . . . . 8.2. Local Buckling . 8.3. Column Strength 8.4. Column Splices . 8.5. Column Bases . 8.6. H-Piles . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. 6.

7 7 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 18

7.

8.

9.

SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (SMF) . . . . . 9.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2. Beam-to-Column Joints and Connections . . 9.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections 9.4. Beam and Column Limitations . . . . . . . . 9.5. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio . . . . . . . . . 9.7. Beam-to-Column Connection Restraint . . . 9.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9. Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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10.

INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (IMF) 10.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2. Beam-to-Column Joints and Connections . . 10.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections 10.4. Beam and Column Limitations . . . . . . . . 10.5. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio . . . . . . . . . 10.7. Beam-to-Column Connection Restraint . . . 10.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9. Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (OMF) . . . 11.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2. Beam-to-Column Joints and Connections . . 11.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections 11.4. Beam and Column Limitations . . . . . . . . 11.5. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio . . . . . . . . . 11.7. Beam-to-Column Connection Restraint . . . 11.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9. Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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18 18 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 27 27

11.

12.

SPECIAL TRUSS MOMENT FRAMES (STMF) . . . . 12.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2. Special Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3. Nominal Strength of Special Segment Members . . . 12.4. Nominal Strength of Non-Special Segment Members 12.5. Compactness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6. Lateral Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.

SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (SCBF) 13.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2. Bracing Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3. Bracing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4. Special Bracing Conguration Requirements . . . . . . . . . 13.5. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.

ORDINARY CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (OCBF) . . . . . 28 14.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 14.2. Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (EBF) 15.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2. Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3. Link Stiffeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4. Link-to-Column Connections . . . . . . . . . 15.5. Lateral Bracing of Link . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6. Diagonal Brace and Beam Outside of Link . 15.7. Beam-to-Column Connections . . . . . . . . 15.8. Required Column Strength . . . . . . . . . .
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15.

28 28 28 29 30 31 31 32 32

16.

QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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APPENDIX P. PREQUALIFICATION OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS P1. P2. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 P2.1. Basis for Prequalication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 P2.2. Authority for Prequalication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 TESTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 PREQUALIFICATION VARIABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 DESIGN PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 PREQUALIFICATION RECORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

P3. P4. P5. P6.

APPENDIX S. QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS S1. S2. S3. S4. S5. SCOPE AND PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 TEST SUBASSEMBLAGE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ESSENTIAL TEST VARIABLES S5.1. Sources of Inelastic Rotation . S5.2. Size of Members . . . . . . . . S5.3. Connection Details . . . . . . . S5.4. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . S5.5. Material Strength . . . . . . . . S5.6. Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S5.7. Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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38 38 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 41 41

S6.

LOADING HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6.1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6.2. Loading Sequence for Beam-to-Column Moment Connections S6.3. Loading Sequence for Link-to-Column Connections . . . . . .

S7. S8.

INSTRUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 MATERIALS TESTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 S8.1. Tension Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 S8.2. Methods of Tension Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 TEST REPORTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

S9.

S10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 APPENDIX X. WELD METAL/WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION TOUGHNESS VERIFICATION TEST X1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 X2. TEST CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
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X3. TEST SPECIMENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 X4. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 PART II COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS . . . . 49 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS . . . 49 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.1. Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.2. Concrete and Steel Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 COMPOSITE MEMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2. Composite Floor and Roof Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3. Composite Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4. Reinforced-Concrete-Encased Composite Columns 6.5. Concrete-Filled Composite Columns . . . . . . . . . COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS . . . 7.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2. General Requirements . . . . . . . 7.3. Nominal Strength of Connections
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6.

50 50 50 51 51 55 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 59

7.

8.

COMPOSITE PARTIALLY RESTRAINED (PR) MOMENT FRAMES (C-PRMF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3. Composite Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4. Partially Restrained (PR) Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (C-SMF) 9.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4. Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5. Column-Beam Moment Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.

10.

COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (C-IMF) . 10.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4. Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.

COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (C-OMF) . . . . . . . . 60 11.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 11.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

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11.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 11.4. Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 12. COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBF) 12.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4. Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5. Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60 60 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62 62 62 62

13.

COMPOSITE CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-CBF) 13.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4. Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5. Bracing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF) 14.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3. Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4. Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5. Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .

14.

15.

ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-ORCW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2. Boundary Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3. Coupling Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-SRCW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2. Boundary Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3. Coupling Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-SPW) 17.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2. Wall Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3. Boundary Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63 63 63 63

16.

64 64 64 64 65 65 65 65

17.

PART III ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN (ASD) ALTERNATIVE 1. 2. 4. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS . . . . 67 LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS . . . 67 4.2. Nominal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.3. Design Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FASTENERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 7.2. Bolted Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
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9.

SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 9.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 9.7. Beam-to-Column Connection Restraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 SPECIAL TRUSS MOMENT FRAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 12.4. Nominal Strength of Non-Special Segment Members . . . . . . . . . . 70 12.6. Lateral Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (SCBF) . . . . . . . 71 ORDINARY CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (OCBF) . . . . . 71 14.2. Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

12.

13. 14.

COMMENTARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 PART I STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS C1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 C2. REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS . . . . 76 C3. GENERAL SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 C4. LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTH . . . . 77 C5. STORY DRIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 C6. MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C6.1. Material Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C6.2. Material Properties for Determination of Required Strength C6.3. Notch-Toughness Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C7. CONNECTIONS, JOINTS, AND FASTENERS C7.2. Bolted Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C7.3. Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C7.4. Other Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C8. MEMBERS . . . . . . . C8.1. Scope . . . . . . C8.2. Local Buckling . C8.3. Column Strength C8.4. Column Splices . C8.5. Column Bases . C8.6. H-Piles . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82 82 82 83 85 85 86 87 87 87 88 88 89 91 94

C9. SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (SMF) . . . . . . C9.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C9.2. Beam-to-Column Joints and Connections . . C9.3. Panel Zone of Beam-to-Column Connections C9.4. Beam and Column Limitations . . . . . . . . C9.5. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C9.6. Column-Beam Moment Ratio . . . . . . . . . C9.7. Beam-to-Column Connection Restraint . . . C9.8. Lateral Bracing of Beams . . . . . . . . . . .

96 97 98 99 102 102 104 105 106

C10. INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (IMF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 C10.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 C10.2. Beam-to-Column Joints and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
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C11. ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (OMF) . . C11.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C11.2. Beam-to-Column Joints and Connections C11.5. Continuity Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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108 108 108 110 110 110 111 112 113 113 113 113 113 117 118 120 120

C12. SPECIAL TRUSS MOMENT FRAMES (STMF) . . . . . C12.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C12.2. Special Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C12.3. Nominal Strength of Special Segment Members . . . C12.4. Nominal Strength of Non-Special Segment Members C12.5. Compactness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C12.6. Lateral Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C13. SPECIAL CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (SCBF) C13.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C13.2. Bracing Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C13.3. Bracing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C13.4. Special Bracing Conguration Special Requirements . . . C13.5. Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C14. ORDINARY CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (OCBF) . . . . 121 C14.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 C14.2. Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 C15. ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (EBF) C15.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C15.2. Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C15.3. Link Stiffeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C15.4. Link-to-Column Connections . . . . . . . . C15.5. Lateral Bracing of the Link . . . . . . . . . C15.6. Diagonal Brace and Beam Outside of Links C15.7. Beam-to-Column Connections . . . . . . . C15.8. Required Column Strength . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123 123 125 127 128 129 129 132 132

C16. QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 APPENDIX P. PREQUALIFICATION OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS CP1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 CP2.1. Basis for Prequalication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 CP2.2. Authority for Prequalication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 CP3. TESTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 CP4. PREQUALIFICATION VARIABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 CP5. DESIGN PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 CP6. PREQUALIFICATION RECORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 APPENDIX S. QUALIFYING CYCLIC TESTS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN AND LINK-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS CS1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CS3. DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
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CS4. TEST SUBASSEMBLAGE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 CS5. ESSENTIAL TEST VARIABLES . CS5.1. Sources of Inelastic Rotation CS5.2. Size of Members . . . . . . . CS5.5. Material Strength . . . . . . . CS5.6. Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

142 142 143 144 145

CS6. LOADING HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 CS8. MATERIALS TESTING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 CS10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 APPENDIX X. WELD METAL/WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION TOUGHNESS VERIFICATION TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 PART II COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL STEEL AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS C1. C2. C3. C4. C5. C6. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS . . . 152 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 LOADS, LOAD COMBINATIONS, AND NOMINAL STRENGTHS . . 152 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 COMPOSITE MEMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C6.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C6.2. Composite Floor and Roof Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . C6.3. Composite Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C6.4. Reinforced-Concrete-Encased Composite Columns C6.5. Concrete-Filled Composite Columns . . . . . . . . . COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS . . . . C7.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C7.2. General Requirements . . . . . . . C7.3. Nominal Strength of Connections
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153 153 153 154 155 158 158 158 159 160

C7.

C8. C9.

COMPOSITE PARTIALLY RESTRAINED (PR) MOMENT FRAMES (C-PRMF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 COMPOSITE SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (C-SMF) C9.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C9.3. Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C9.4. Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

164 164 164 165

C10. COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (C-IMF) . . . . 167 C11. COMPOSITE ORDINARY MOMENT FRAMES (C-OMF) . . . . . . . 167 C12. COMPOSITE ORDINARY BRACED FRAMES (C-OBF) . . . . . . . . 167 C13. COMPOSITE CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-CBF) . . 167 C14. COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES (C-EBF) . . . 169
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C15. ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-ORCW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 C16. SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS COMPOSITE WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS (C-SRCW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 C17. COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS (C-SPW) . . . . . . . . . 174 PART III ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN (ASD) ALTERNATIVE C1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 C4.2. Nominal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

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SYMBOLS

Numbers in parentheses after the denition of a symbol refer to the Section in either Part I or II of these Provisions in which the symbol is rst used. Symbol Denition Af Flange area, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ag Gross area, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . As Cross-sectional area of structural steel elements in composite members, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ash Minimum area of tie reinforcement, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . Asp Horizontal area of the steel plate in composite shear wall, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ast Area of Link stiffener, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aw Link web area, in.2 (mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D Dead load due to the weight of the structural elements and permanent features on the building, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . Outside diameter of round HSS, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . E Effect of horizontal and vertical earthquake-induced loads . . Es Modulus of elasticity of steel, E s = 29,000 ksi (200 000 MPa) Es I Flexural elastic stiffness of the chord members of the special segment, kip-in.2 (N-mm2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fy Specied minimum yield stress of the type of steel to be used, ksi (MPa). As used in the LRFD Specication, yield stress denotes either the minimum specied yield point (for those steels that have a yield point) or the specied yield strength (for those steels that do not have a yield point). . . . . . . . . . Fyb Fy of a beam, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fyc Fy of a column, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fy f Fy of column ange, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fyh Specied minimum yield strength of transverse reinforcement, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fyw Fy of the Panel Zone steel, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fu Specied minimum tensile strength, ksi (MPa) . . . . . . . . . H Height of story, which may be taken as the distance between the centerline of oor framing at each of the levels above and below, or the distance between the top of oor slabs at each of the levels above and below, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K Effective length factor for prismatic member . . . . . . . . . . L Live load due to occupancy and moveable equipment, kips (kN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Span length of the truss, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section (I-8) (I-9) (II-6) (II-6) (II-17) (I-15) (I-15) (I-9) (Table I-8-1) (Glossary) (I-8, II-6) (I-12)

(I-6) (I-9) (I-9) (I-8) (II-6) (I-7)

(I-8) (I-13) (I-9) (I-12)

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, May 21, 2002 American Institute of Steel Construction

xx

SYMBOLS

Lp Ls Mn Mnc Mp M pa M pc Mv Mu Pn Pnc Pnt Po Pu Puc Py Qb Rn Ru Rv Ry S Vn Vns Vp V pa Vu Ycon Z Zb Zc a

Limiting laterally unbraced length for full plastic exural strength, uniform moment case, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . Length of the special segment, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal exural strength, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal exural strength of the chord member of the special segment, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal plastic exural strength, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . Nominal plastic exural strength modied by axial load, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal plastic exural strength of the column, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional moment due to shear amplication from the location of the plastic hinge to the column centerline, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required exural strength of a member or Joint, kip-in. (N-mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal axial strength of a column, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . Nominal axial strength of a Composite Column, kips (N) . . . Nominal axial compressive strength of diagonal members of the special segment, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal axial tensile strength of diagonal members of the special segment, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal axial strength of a Composite Column at zero eccentricity, kips (N). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required axial strength of a column or a Link, kips (N) . . . . Required axial strength of a Composite Column, kips (N) . . . Required axial strength of a column in compression, kips (N) . Nominal axial yield strength of a member, which is equal to Fy A g , kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum unbalanced vertical load effect applied to a beam by the braces, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panel Zone nominal shear strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio of the Expected Yield Strength to the minimum specied yield strength Fy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Snow load, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal shear strength of a member, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . Nominal shear strength of the steel plate in composite plate shear walls, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal shear strength of an active Link, kips (N) . . . . . . . Nominal shear strength of an active Link modied by the axial load magnitude, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required shear strength of a member, kips (N) . . . . . . . . . Distance from top of steel beam to top of concrete slab or encasement, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastic section modulus of a member, in.3 (mm3 ) . . . . . . . . Plastic section modulus of the beam, in.3 (mm3 ) . . . . . . . . Plastic section modulus of the column, in.3 (mm3 ) . . . . . . . Angle that diagonal members make with the horizontal . . . .
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, May 21, 2002 American Institute of Steel Construction

(I-12) (I-12) (I-11) (I-12) (I-9) (I-15) (I-8) (I-9) (I-9) (I-8) (II-6) (I-12) (I-12) (II-6) (I-8) (II-9) (I-9) (I-9) (I-13) (I-9) (I-9) (I-6) (I-9) (I-15) (II-17) (I-15) (I-15) (I-9) (II-6) (I-9) (I-9) (I-9) (I-12)

SYMBOLS

xxi

b bc f bf bw d db dc dz e fc h cc l r ry s t tb f tc f tf tp tw wz zb M* pc

M* pb

Width of compression element as dened in LRFD Specication Section B5.1, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Width of column ange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flange width, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Width of the concrete cross-section minus the width of the structural shape measured perpendicular to the direction of shear, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal fastener diameter, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall beam depth, in. (mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall column depth, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall Panel Zone depth between Continuity Plates, in. (mm) EBF Link length, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specied compressive strength of concrete, ksi (MPa) . . . . . Cross-sectional dimension of the conned core region in Composite Columns measured center-to-center of the transverse reinforcement, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unbraced length between stitches of built-up bracing members, in. (mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unbraced length of compression or bracing member, in. (mm) Governing radius of gyration, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radius of gyration about y axis, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . Spacing of transverse reinforcement measured along the longitudinal axis of the structural composite member, in. (mm) Thickness of connected part, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness of element, in. (mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness of column web or doubler plate, in. (mm) . . . . . . Thickness of beam ange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness of column ange, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness of ange, in. (mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness of Panel Zone including doubler plates, in. (mm) . . Thickness of web, in. (mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Width of Panel Zone between column anges, in. (mm) . . . . Minimum plastic section modulus at the Reduced Beam Section, in.3 (mm3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moment at beam and column centerline determined by projecting the sum of the nominal column plastic moment strength, reduced by the axial stress Puc /A g , from the top and bottom of the beam moment connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moment at the intersection of the beam and column centerlines determined by projecting the beam maximum developed moments from the column face. Maximum developed moments shall be determined from test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horizontal seismic overstrength factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deformation quantity used to control loading of the Test Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Value of deformation quantity at rst signicant yield of Test Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio of required axial force Pu to required shear strength Vu of a Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slenderness parameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, May 21, 2002 American Institute of Steel Construction

(Table I-8-1) (I-9) (I-9) (II-6) (I-7) (I-9) (I-9) (I-9) (I-15) (II-6) (II-6) (I-13) (I-13) (I-9) (I-9) (II-6) (I-7) (Table I-8-1) (I-9) (I-9) (I-9) (I-9) (I-9) (Table I-8-1) (I-9) (I-9)

(I-9)

(I-9) (I-4) (S6) (S6) (I-15) (I-13)

xxii

SYMBOLS

ps c v

Limiting slenderness parameter for compact element. . . . . . Resistance Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resistance Factor for compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resistance Factor for shear strength of Panel Zone of beam-to-column connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resistance Factor for the shear strength of a Composite Column Link Rotation Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Table I-8-1) (I-8) (I-13) (I-9) (II-6) (S2)

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, May 21, 2002 American Institute of Steel Construction