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PLANT TISSUES
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Cell divides and forms two cells, which repeatedly divide and many cells are
produced. This is essential for the development and growth. The cell produced by cell
division are alike (same) in the beginning, but to perform different functions, they vary
structurally afterwards. Thus, there exists various groups of cells to perform particular
function. These aggregated groups of cells are called tissues. Tissues are present in higher
plants and multicellular animals.
In unicellular organisms the original single cell performs all the vital function itself.
But in multicellular organisms, different life functions are carried out by different groups of
cell. There is distribution of the functions and this is called division of labour
A group of cells, more or less alike in form, having same origin and performing a
particular function is called a TISSUE.
Plant Tissue
Meristematic Tissue
Permanent Tissue
(Meristems)
They are situated at the tips of the actively growing regions of the plants such as shoot
apex and root apex. The cells of this tissue continuously divide and add new cells in the
plants.
Characteristics
The cells are structurally alike(same)
They are spherical, oval or polygonal
There are no intercellular spaces
They possess abundant cytoplasm and prominent nuclei
The vacuoles are absent or if there they are small
They continuously divide and produce new cells
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Types of Meristematic Tissues
Meristematic Tissues
Apical Meristem Present at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases
the length of stem and root
Permanent Tissues
The new cells formed by the Meristems gradually enlarge, become fully differentiated
and mature and lose their capacity of cell division and form permanent tissues to perform
various functions.
Permanent Tissues
Simple Complex
Parenchyma Xylem
Collenchyma Phloem
Sclerenchyma
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Simple Permanent Tissue
Parenchyma
Characteristics
Functions
Collenchyma
Characteristics
Functions
Sclerenchyma
Characteristics
Cells are long and fiber like and are called fiber cells. The cells are narrow and
tapering at both the ends.
Cell wall is having the deposition of lignin.
Cells are dead and devoid of protoplasm (living substance of the cell)
Cells don’t have intercellular spaces among them
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Some special types of Sclerenchyma present in the hard seed coats and
soft pulp of fruits are called stone cells or sclereids.
Functions
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one types of cells and work as a
single unit.
Xylem
The complex permanent tissue that conducts water and dissolved mineral salts
upwards from root to leaves is called a Xylem.
Characteristics
Functions
Xylem conducts water and dissolved mineral salts upwards from toot to leaves and
Phloem
The components of phloem are sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
parenchyma and phloem sclerenchyma. Sieve tube is an important component of phloem and
they are tubular cells with perforated walls.
Characteristics
Functions