Multi-RAT Small Cells:

An Efficient Solution for 3G/LTE Deployment

Huan-yu Su, Ph.D. Vice President Technical Marketing & B/D Mindspeed Technologies, Inc.

 (Agenda)
Mindspeed (Company Overview) (Current Situation of
Wireless Networks and Future Challenges)

Mindspeed (Mindspeed
Recommendation: Multi-RAT Small Cells)

(Multi-RAT Small Cell

Characteristics and New Network Topology)

(Conclusions)

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

A History of Innovation in Southern California

Nasdaq: MSPD

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The Rockwell Legacy

Nasdaq: MSPD

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Mindspeed: A History of Market Leadership A Legacy of Innovation

Semiconductor Systems

Skyworks
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Mindspeed Technologies, Inc.

NASDAQ: MSPD

Leading communications IC company; public since 2003

History of innovation and technology leadership in new infrastructure markets Over 550 employees worldwide; more than 360 engineers
The Industry Leader in Carrier VoIP Solutions

Nasdaq: MSPD

Proven SoC Leadership

Mindspeeds approach has been proven over 12 years across 1000s of designs. We bring our proven expertise from multi-core wireline service provider infrastructure to mobile networks. SoCs are application-specific, and we have delivered SoCs for demanding core telecom network applications in VoIP, in fiber CPE and now in mobile.
Nasdaq: MSPD
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Systems-in-a-Chip (circa 1995)

Nasdaq: MSPD

SoC Platforms The Rise of Multi-Core Computing

Flexible Interfaces:
TDM
1

Embedded Cores:
6x VLIW / 64bit DSP 2x 32bit ARM CPU EMAC

UTOPIA Ethernet
2

MII/GMII/RGMII PCI DDR

4 5 6

Multi Mb SRAM
UART USB Host IPSEC

USB

3rd generation Mindspeed VoIP SoC (circa 2005) over 300M transistors in 90nm
Nasdaq: MSPD 9

Mindspeed Achievement In VoIP

Media Processing Technology Leadership
With more than 100 issued US patents
100M Comcerto VoIP Ports Shipped

Multi-core Architecture Leadership

300

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Mindspeed Achievement In VoIP

Media Processing Technology Leadership
With more than 100 issued US patents
100M Comcerto VoIP Ports Shipped

8 DSP cores + 8 Co-processors 640-channel VoIP

Multi-core Architecture Leadership

300

1 DSP core 4-channel VoIP

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Mindspeed Achievement In VoIP

Media Processing Technology Leadership
With more than 100 issued US patents
100M Comcerto VoIP Ports Shipped

Benefits to OEMs: TTM, Architecture Leadership Multi-core Design reuse, Lower SW maintenance cost and less chance for bugs Benefits to Operators: Same quality, easy SW upgrade across different generations of equipment, unified enhancement services across entire network, etc. More flexibility with enhanced path to maturity, yet a significantly reduced total cost of ownership

Same binary code across more than 20 devices

300

M-D-YYYY

Block Diagram for VoIP and Data Routing Software Stack

Asterisk Open Source PBX
Packet Signaling (eg SIP, H.323) POTS Signaling TDM Signaling PBX Switching

Open Source Router Code (e.g.Linksys) Networking and Routing Stacks (IP,TCP,UDP, PPP, HTTP,ICMP,IPSec etc)

Comcerto Channel Module Comcerto Device Driver

Host Kernel (Linux) including packet filtering, crypto API Hardware Crypto Modules Virtual Ethernet driver (control, data)
Shared Memory Interface driver Caller ID Gen & Det Voice Packet classifier & switching/bridging Eth, PPP Framing, IP, UDP Framing
T.38 FOIP
V.27, V.29, V.17

Dual Port Serial Driver

USB Driver

DTMF Gen & Det

SPI Driver

RTP/RTCP or CPS G.711,729a/b/e G.726,723a G.168 Echo Cancel

MPoA AAL5 ATM Driver (WAN Utopia)

MPoFR FRF.12

TDM Driver MSPD Supplied Software

HDLC Driver (WAN HSSI)

Enet Driver LAN

Enet Driver WAN

CSP Supplied Software

CSP Customer Software

Carrier Class SoC: Over 2 million lines of software code! We are not only a SoC chip vendor, but also a system solution vendor
Nasdaq: MSPD 13

PCI Driver

 (The Old Design Paradigm)

(Design
Engineers)

10 2

(Verification
Engineers)

1
4

(Testing Engineers)

(SW
Developers)

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 (The New Design Paradigm)

10 20

10 200

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Where Do We Go Next? Mindspeed is applying its SoC design expertise to challenge established wireless component leaders in the 4G/LTE base station market.

Nasdaq: MSPD

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 (Current Situation of Wireless

Networks)
2G (GSM, CDMA TDMA) (BTS) +TDM
- (800MHz, 900MHz)

(1900MHz, 1800MHz)
-

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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 (Current Situation of Wireless

Networks)
Without exception, early 2G (GSM, CDMA or TDMA) deployment were all based on Macro BTS + TDM configurations
- Thanks to the low frequency bands (e.g., North America: 800MHz, China and Europe: 900MHz), large cell radius and good in-building penetration helped to grow the wireless industry with low deployment/maintenance cost

The needs for additional bandwidth pushed the industry to use higher frequency bands (e.g., North America: 1900MHz, China and Europe: 1800MHz):
- Higher frequency bands mean smaller cell coverage area
Increase the antenna emission power to increase coverage area Power and cost increase Increase the number of BTS? Challenges of cell site acquisition and CAPEX

- High frequency bands also mean reduced in-building penetration

Move the antennas in-side the building Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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- (Current Situation of Wireless

Networks Cont.)
3G(2.1GHz)

- (~10Kbps)GPRS128KbpsEDGE384Kbps W-CDMA~10MbpsLTE~100Mbps - - , ( )

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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- (Current Situation of Wireless

Networks Cont.)
The introduction of 3G at 2.1GHz undoubtedly enhanced the challenges wireless industry is facing Further development of wireless data services and the rapid adoption of smartphones increase the demand on wireless access capacity:
- UE capability is continuously increasing: from early voice only (~10Kbps), to GPRS (128Kbps) and EDGE (384Kbps), then to the current W-CDMA (~10Mbps) and future LTE (~100Mbps) - Current pricing plans used by operators are all based on total monthly cumulative throughput, i.e. limit on volume but not throughput rate - Therefore, a future single UE can perfectly consume the entire throughput capacity of a cell sector: a major challenge. Use of smaller cell size is an efficient and unavoidable approach
Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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- (Current Situation of Wireless

Networks Cont.)

- W-CDMA

() (CPRI)
- MIMO64-QAM(BBU) (RRH)
20MHz LTE 2x2150MbpsCPRI 2GbpsI/Q13

LTE2.6GHz
- 3G2.1GHz 4dB - 2G/3G
Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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- (Current Situation of Wireless

Networks Cont.) Operators have already started to deploy Femtocells
- Softbank and AT&T are deploying large volumes of W-CDMA Femtocells, to improve in-door coverage as well as off-loading traffic from Macrocells

Due to cost and maintenance --- and benefiting from mature core technologies (e.g., CPRI) --- centralized BBU with RRH became possible
- However, with the introduction of MIMO and 64QAM, the traffic between BBU and RRU is dramatically increasing
For example, while the throughput for a 20MHz 2x2 MIMO LTE is only 150Mb/s, the I/Q samples that need to be carried over CPRI are more than 2Gb/s

The frequency bands for LTE are likely to be at 2.6GHz in China

- There is an additional 4dB coverage reduction compared with 2.1GHz 3G - Using the current cell-sites and antenna emission power, there will be a large number of coverage blind spots
Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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LTE (Major
Problems For LTE Deployment Using Current Network Topology)

-

- -

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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LTE (Major
Problems For LTE Deployment Using Current Network Topology)
Adding cell sites or increasing the antenna emission power are no longer viable solutions
- Efficiently providing coverage and reducing traffic demand between the BBU and RRU are challenges the industry has to overcome

Throughput density increases can only be achieved by cellsize reduction. This can not be effectively addressed using Macrocell site increases.
- Cost and power are all issues

Although DAS can effectively improve indoor coverage, it does not address the demands of throughput density
- The cost is very high, since Macrocell equipment is used - Radio frequency analog signal attenuation rapidly overall power is very high
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Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

 (Multi-RAT
Small Cells: An Ideal Solution)

(Coverage blind spot due to high frequency bands)

(Throughput density improvement via miniaturization of cell sector)

CPRI (Major
transport issue between RRU and BBU)

(Indoor coverage and throughput density improvement)

(Multi-RAT Small Cell)

(MultiRAT/Hetnet support and operation)

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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 (Typical Multi-RAT
Small Cell Characteristics)
(small size): (easy to deploy) (Low power): (PoE) (Support PoE, reducing deployment challenges and CAPEX/OPEX) (Low (small coverage area,
emission power): therefore higher throughput density)

(In-door use): (Not only address coverage, but

also increase throughput density)

(Low cost): (much lower

cost/throughput density)

(Low IP(CPRI) (IP traffic instead of I/Q over CPRI)

backhaul cost):

(Easy SW (If appropriate HW/SW solutions are

upgrade): used)

(Multi-RAT): (More effectively

supports multi-RAT or HetNet applications)
Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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Transcede SoC Dramatically Reduces System BOM

NPUs FPGAs DSP Farm

App Hardware

Accelerator

App I/O

$$$$

$$

while significantly accelerating Time-to-Market

Nasdaq: MSPD 27

Increasing SoC Complexity

Software Software Defect Density

Systems

Labor Intensive Solution

Critical
Enabler

> 20 Million Lines Of Carrier Class Code

Hardware Defect Density

Hardware

Capital Intensive Solution

Nasdaq: MSPD 28

Increasing SoC Complexity

300x
300 million < 3 million

> 900 million

Silicon Complexity
number of transistors

2000x
2 million < 10,000

20 million

Software Complexity
lines of code

Dial-Up Modems
1995

VoIP
2005

Multi-RAT Baseband
2010
Nasdaq: MSPD 29

Mindspeed: (Small Cell

Solution With Local Radio)

Transcede SoC

Up to 102.4Gbps 2DDR: 56.2Gbps 4DDR: 102.4Gbps

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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Mindspeed:RRU (Smallcell
Solution Supporting RRU)

Remote RF

Transcede SoC

Up to 102.4Gbps 2DDR: 56.2Gbps 4DDR: 102.4Gbps

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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Enterprise/Home System LTE/3G + WiFi

Transcede SoC

Nasdaq: MSPD

HTC Smartphone Cabled RF

Mindspeed Small Cell Reference Unit

Ethernet Switch

USB

Client laptop
DL: PLAY Video UL: SEND Video

Server laptop
RadiSys EPC
DL: SEND Video UL: PLAY Video

Mindspeed (Advantages of
Mindspeed Solutions)
Mindspeed() (Transcede SoC are ideal for a family of SDR solutions capable to support multi-RAT):
- TranscedeFemto (Low end
Transcede can support Home or Small Enterprise Femtocell) 1x20MHz 2x2 FDD/TDD (or) 1x5MHz W-CDMA carrier 1x15MHz 2x2 FDD/TDD + 1x5MHz W-CDMA W-CDMALTE (SW upgrade to evolve from W-CDMA to LTE) - TranscedePico (Mid-range Transcede supports more capable Enterprise Pico/Femto) 1x20MHz 4x4 FDD/TDD (or) 2x20MHz 2x2 FDD/TDD (or) 2x5MHz W-CDMA 1x5MHz W-CDMA + 1x20MHz 2x2 FDD/TDD (Concurrent Multi-mode) LTE TDDFDD+LTE FDD (LTE Backhaul + LTE Access) W-CDMALTE(SW upgrade to evolve from W-CDMA to LTE)

- Transcede(High end Transcede can support even more capable applications)

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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 (Current Network
Topology: Macrocell+DAS)
DAS RRU L1/L2/L3

BBU
(100s Mb/s at air-interface) (Gb/s) I/Q

(100s Mb/s at air-interface)

RRU

L1/L2/L3

(100s Mb/s at air-interface)

RRU
Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD
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 (Better Network
Topology With Multi-RAT Small Cell)
In-door Femtocell IP/Ethernet (Reuse current fibers)

L1/L2/L3

FTTx
(Gb/s at air-interface) Out-door Pico Home Femto L1/L2/L3 (Gb/s)

(Gb/s at air-interface)

FTTx
RRU+ L1/L2/L3

(100s Mb/s at air-interface)

RRU+ L1/L2/L3
Company Confidential

RRU+ L1/L2/L3

Nasdaq: MSPD
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 (Conclusions)
LTE(Wireless Broadband applications will depend on LTE)
- (Support of Multi-RAT becomes necessary)

(Use of high frequency bands, together with ever increasing throughput demand from users, further cell-sectorization is inevitable) Mindspeed (Transcede based small cell solutions can efficiently resolve multiple problems)
- CAPEX/OPEX (coverage, throughput, cost, etc.)

(We welcome collaborations with industry pioneers and our customers to promote a healthy development of wireless broadband services)

Company Confidential

Nasdaq: MSPD

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Thank You!

Q&A