Fans - Efficiency and Power Consumption

Power consumption and typical efficiencies of fans

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Fan Power Consumption

The ideal power consumption of a fan (without losses) can be expressed as Pi = dp q (1) where Pi = ideal power consumption (W) dp = total pressure increase in the fan (Pa) q = air volume flow delivered by the fan (m3/s) The ideal power consumptions for fans at different air volumes and pressure increases are expressed in the chart below:
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Note! For detailed engineering the manufacturing specifications of each fan must be used.

Fan Efficiency
The fan efficiency is the ratio between power transferred to the airflow and the power used by the fan. The fan efficiency is in general independent of the air density and can be expressed as:

f = dp q / P (2) where f = fan efficiency (values between 0 - 1) dp = total pressure (Pa) q = air volume delivered by the fan (m3/s) P = power used by the fan (W, Nm/s) The power used by the fan can be expressed as: P = dp q / f (3) The power used by the fan can also be expressed as: P = dp q / (f b m) (4) where b = belt efficiency m = motor efficiency Typical motor and belt efficiencies:

Motor 1kW - 0.4 Motor 10 kW - 0.87 Motor 100 kW - 0.92 Belt 1 kW - 0.78 Belt 10 kW - 0.88 Belt 100 kW - 0.93

Power Consumptions - Imperial Units

Fan energy use can also be expressed as Pcfm = 0.1175 qcfm dpin / (f b m) (4b) where Pcfm = power consumption (W) qcfm = volume flow (cfm) dpin = pressure increase (in. WG)

Fan and Installation Loss (System Loss)

The installation of a fan will influence on the overall system efficiency dpsy = xsy pd (5) where dpsy = installation loss (Pa) xsy = installation loss coefficient pd = dynamic pressure in the nominal intake and outlet of the fan (Pa)

Fan and Temperature Increase

Near all of the energy lost in a fan will heat up the air flow and the temperature increase can be expressed like dt = dp / 1000 (6) where dt = temperature increase (K) dp = increased pressure head (Pa)
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