KEYWORDS Evolution (Find definitions and examples, then learn them)

Term What does adapted to mean and give many examples Explain the theory of evolution (give examples) Jean Baptiste Lamarcks theory Explain why Darwin found 14 different Finch species in the Galapagos Islands. What Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin first explained Page No Explanation They possess structural, functional and behaviour characteristics to aid their survival inherited from their ancestors. Give many examples (cacti store water well and spikes protect this storage) How a number of species have evolved from a common ancestor and now have different behavioural, structural or functional characteristics Things evolve during their life in order to survive and these are then passed genetically to next generation (this is incorrect) All have different characteristics due to their specific circumstances. That natural selection (in order to survive you must evolve) occurs in most animal and plant species. As an environment changes frequently, species must evolve in order to survive and breed these characteristics onto next generation frequently. Those that dont adapt or breed often may die out. Trees become black with soot due to pollution in industrial revolution. The light ones become easy to see and were killed. Those dark ones survived and these bred producing basically all dark moths. Now in industrial areas you find dark moths, in all other areas they are white. One animal or plant is then put into many different environments where it evolves into different forms with characteristics specific to their environment (they diverge from one original form) When animals not related at all or genetically similar share similar characteristics because of having to survive in the similar environments (they converge towards a similar form) Similar characteristics despite not being related or genetically similar (Convergent evolution)

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Natural selection

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Peppered moths (why did they turn from light to dark and then back)

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Divergent evolution

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Convergent evolution

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Analogous structures

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Explanation When animals are genetically similar and evolve in the same ways despite not living in the same area (they are close to the same despite living somewhere else) Sedimentary rocks Similar characteristics passed genetically from an old ancestor. Forward facing eyes Pentadactyl digits (Five fingers or toes on each limb) Four upper and 4 lower incisor teeth Opposable thumbs Nails (not claws) on fingers and toes. Large brains for their body size. Flexible skeleton and arms can reach behind body. Dryopithecus. From 2 to 3 to 1

Parallel evolution What rocks do fossilisation occur in Homologous structures

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Features of primates

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Oldest fossil that gives first ancestor of apes

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Show the evolution of the human skull

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Anatomical changes from apes to homosapians (humans)

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Walk more upright Smaller teeth Reduced eyebrow ridges Shorter arms Flatter feet Non-opposable big toes Flatter faces Larger Brains Chimpanzee Things that a species are born with (genetically) Bacteria that has a natural resistance to antibiotics will survive and therefore these higher developed forms will breed and develop this resistance. Similar to Hitlers policy where he wanted to select those with the good characteristics in his eyes. Sand blocks estuary Earthquakes. Continental drift. They may then evolve differently due to the different conditions they are now forced to live in.

Closest animal to humans genetically Give examples of Inherited characteristics What does selected for mean (give bacteria example)

How can a population of a species become isolated or separated from each other.