Alcohol Ethoxylate Product Guide

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Contents
Alcohol Ethoxylates

Introduction Chemical Structure and Nomenclature CAS Numbers Physical and Chemical Properties HLB and Typical Applications Draves Wetting Times Foaming Properties Solution Properties Gel Characteristics Viscosity as a Function of Temperature Surface Tensions and Critical Micelle Concentration Typical End Uses Human Safety Chemical Registries

2 3-4 4 5-6 7-8 9 10-11 12 13-15 16-17 18 19 20 20

Alcohol Ethoxylates
Introduction

Stepans line of alcohol ethoxylates is sold under the BIO-SOFT registered trademark and is comprised of linear primary alcohol ethoxylates that are classified as nonionic surfactants. Stepan offers a number of alcohol ethoxylates with differing alcohol chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation. Stepans line of alcohol ethoxylates allows for use in a wide range of finished products, because of their ability to show excellent wetting, emulsification and detergency with moderate foam production. BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are rapidly biodegradable and perform well in most detergent formulations. They are also mild to the skin and are easily colored and fragranced. Stepans BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates ranges from clear liquids to pasty solids with relatively low melting points. Stepans alkoxylation network includes locations in Ontario, Canada, Joliet, Illinois and Winder, Georgia. These locations allow Stepan to efficiently supply your alkoxylate needs. Stepan has a number of other alkoxylated products, including ethoxylated lauryl alcohols, sold under the following trademarks: MAKON, TOXIMUL, NINEX, NEUTRONYX and STEPANTEX. Stepan also offers sulfated alcohol ethoxylates for use in laundry and cleaning products, as well as personal care and other applications. Stepan is capable of blending alcohol ethoxylates with different properties in order to meet your needs. Contact your sales representative or Stepan customer service for availability.

Structure & Nomenclature

Chemical Structure and Nomenclature

As seen in the table below, the BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are named according to the chain length of the alcohol and the number of moles of ethoxylation present. For instance, BIO-SOFT N91-6 has a carbon chain length of 9-11. BIOSOFT N1-7 is made using a pure carbon chain length of 11. Following the chain length of the primary alcohol is the average number of moles ethoxylation added to the alcohol. For instance, BIO-SOFT N23-3 has a carbon chain length of 12-13 and 3 moles of ethylene oxide.

RO - (CH2CH2O)n - H
n = average moles of ethylene oxide R = Alkyl portion of the molecule

Table 1: Stepans Alcohol Ethoxylates and Structure

Stepans Alcohol Ethoxylates
BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-3 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-3 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-3 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12

Alcohol Chain Length

C9, C10, C11 C9, C10, C11 C9, C10, C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C12, C13 C12, C13 C12, C13, C14, C15 C12, C13, C14, C15 C12, C13, C14, C15 C12, C13, C14, C15

Average Moles of Ethoxylation

2.5 6 8 3 5 7 9 3 6.5 3 7 9 12

Nomenclature and CAS Numbers for BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

In order to supply uniform nomenclature for labeling cosmetic products, the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA) has adopted the names listed in Table 2. Also included in the table below are the CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) numbers, which are numerical identifiers of a given chemical substance. These CAS numbers allow the worldwide indexing of literature for chemical substances. These CAS numbers are also assigned by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act to materials not specifically identified by Chemical Abstracts.

Table 2: Cosmetic Ingredients Nomenclature for Stepans Alcohol Ethoxylates

Stepans Alcohol Ethoxylates
BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-3 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-3 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-3 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12

Adopted Name
C9-11 Pareth-3 C9-11 Pareth-6 C9-11 Pareth-8 Undeceth-3 Undeceth-5 Undeceth-7 Undeceth-9 C12-13 Pareth-3 C12-13 Pareth-7 C12-15 Pareth-3 C12-15 Pareth-7 C12-15 Pareth-9 C12-15 Pareth-12

CAS Number
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5

Properties
Physical and Chemical Properties
BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates range from liquids to low melting solids of pasty consistency. They are excellent wetting agents, emulsifiers and detergents, as well as producers of moderate foam. The information in Table 3 shows typical physical and chemical properties of BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates offered by Stepan. The BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants that consist of a variety of products varying in both alcohol and ethylene oxide chain lengths, providing a wide range of physical and surfactant properties. In order to choose a new nonionic surfactant from Stepans alcohol ethoxylate line, one may want to consider multiple factors including pour point, cloud point and HLB (hydrophile/lipophile balance). The pour point helps assess the ease of handling and whether heated storage is necessary. The cloud point helps estimate the approximate maximum temperature range for the surfactant application. The HLB numbers are discussed in further detail later in this guide. A formulator may create surfactant systems with intermediate properties by blending higher and lower EO-containing BIO-SOFT ethoxylates.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Table 3: Typical Properties of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
N91-2.5 N23-6.5 N25-12
12 729 100 71.8 20 to 35 0-50 1.002 8.336 53 <0.001 76 14.4 223 78 26 6.0-7.5 0.1 6

N91-6

N91-8

N23-3

N25-3

N25-7
7 524 100 61.8 12 to 17 0-50 0.965 8.028 29 <0.001 107 12.2 186 51 19 6.0-7.0 0.3

Property
Average Moles EO Molecular Weight % Active EO Content, %Weight Melting Range, C Color, APHA Specific gravity @ 25C Density, lbs/gallon @ 25C Viscosity, cps @ 38C Acid Value, Eq/100g Hydroxyl Number, mg KOH/g HLB Flash Point, C Cloud Point, C Pour Point, C pH, 1% Aqueous Water, %Weight

2.5 281 100 40.6 -25 to -15 0-50 0.940 7.824 13 <0.00 1 200 8.5 124 2a -13 6.07.5 0.1

6 425 100 62.7 -5 to 13 0-50 0.991 8.248 22 <0.001 129 12.4 143 55 6 6.07.5 0.3

8 524 100 69.5 7 to 21 0-50 1.020 8.486 29 <0.001 107 13.9 159 79 15 6.07.5 0.3

3 305 100 43.3 -15 to 4 0-50 0.936 7.792 11 <0.001 184 8.7 142 8.5 a -7 6.07.5 0.1

5 392 100 56.0 -4 to 17 0-50 0.968 8.053 19 <0.001 143 11.2 165 --6 6.07.5 0.1

7 479 100 64.0 1 to 20 0-50 0.993 8.264 23 <0.001 117 12.9 165 58 13 6.07.5 0.1

9 569 100 69.6 14 to 26 0-50 1.013 8.428 31 <0.001 100 13.9 176 74 18 6.07.5 0.1

3 322 100 40.6 -4 to 6 0-50 0.926 7.702 14 <0.001 173 8.1 152 0.6 a 4 6.0-7.5 0.1

6.5 484 100 59.0 11 to 25 0-50 0.985 8.195 22 <0.001 120 11.9 168 43 14 6.0-7.5 0.1

3 330 100 40.6 2 to 13 0-50 0.920 7.654 17 <0.001 170 8 157 -1 a 8 6.0-7.5 0.1

65.9 14 to 30 0-50 0.982 8.170 31 <0.001 94 13.3 188 73 24 6.0-7.5 0.1

(a) Partially insoluble; mL H2O titrated

N25-9
9 597 100

N1-3

N1-5

N1-7

N1-9

HLB and Typical Applications of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

In order to determine the appropriate application of a surfactant as an emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent or solubilizer, the HLB (hydrophile/lipophile balance) is of main importance. The HLB expresses the emulsifying efficiency of a surfactant associated with the polarity of the molecule. Alcohol ethoxylates with a HLB greater than 10 tend to be water-soluble and are best for oil in water emulsions. In contrast, alcohol ethoxylates that have a HLB less than 10 tend to be oil-soluble and are best for water in oil emulsions. Water solubility relates directly to the ethylene oxide chain length of an alcohol ethoxylate. As the ethylene oxide content increases, water solubility also increases by increasing the number of sites along the ethylene oxide chain that can be associated with water. Alcohol ethoxylates having greater than 50% by weight ethylene oxide are typically water-soluble. Those alcohol ethoxylates having less than 50% ethylene oxide tend to be oil-soluble.

Table 4: HLB and Typical Applications of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

Application Product
BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-3 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-3 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-3 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12

HLB
8.5 12.4 13.9 8.7 11.2 12.9 13.9 8.1 11.9 8.0 12.2 13.3 14.4

Wetting Agent
l l l l l l l l l

Oil/Water Emulsifier
l l l l l l l l l

Detergent
l l l l l l l l l

Solubilizer
l l

Water/Oil Emulsifier
l

l l l l l l l l l l

HLB and Typical Applications of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

The BIO-SOFT N91 and N1 series ethoxylates are faster wetting agents and have improved handling properties due to their shorter hydrophobic chains. The BIO-SOFT N1 series shows exceptional cleaning ability, especially on oily soils in both household and industrial applications. The BIO-SOFT N25 series alcohol ethoxylates are recommended for general purpose high-performance applications. The BIO-SOFT N23 series is useful in a wide range of products, especially in Industrial and Institutional formulations.

Table 5: Alcohol Ethoxylate HLB Ranges and Typical Applications

HLB Numbers
4-6 7-15 8-18 10-15 10-18

Range of EO Content, % Weight

20-30 35-75 40-90 50-75 50-90

Applications
Water in Oil Emulsifier Wetting Agent Oil in Water Emulsifier Detergent Solubilizer

Table 6: HLB and Dispersion Characteristics

Dispersion in Water
No dispersion Poor dispersion Milky dispersion after vigorous agitation Stable milky dispersion Translucent to clear dispersion Clear solution

Typical HLB Range

1-4 3-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 13+

Performance
Draves Wetting Test
The Draves Wetting Test allows for the ability to distinguish surfactants and surfactant systems based on their ability to wet. The data in the tables and graphs below show the wetting times of selected BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates. The BIO-SOFT N1 series and the BIO-SOFT N91 series tend to show the best wetting, mainly due to their shorter chain lengths. The Draves Wetting Test was run as stated in ASTM D 2281, using a 5 gram cotton skein and a 3 gram hook in a 0.1% active dilution in deionized water.

Figure 1: Draves Wetting Times of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

Average Wetting Times of BIO-SOFT N-Series Alcohol Ethoxylates
BIO-SOFT N25-12

37 20 12 9 7 5 4 14 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylate

BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N91-6

Wetting Time, seconds

Foaming Properties of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

Ross-Miles Foam Test
The Ross-Miles Foam Test allows for the determination of flash foam production when using a diluted surfactant concentration.

Table 7: Ross-Miles Foam* Heights of Some BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

Stepan Alcohol Ethoxylate BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 Average Initial Foam Height, cm 10.5 10.5 10.3 10.6 8.3 6.8 8.5 8.3 Average Foam Height after 5 minutes, cm 9.8 8.8 9.5 9.9 7.8 6.3 7.8 7.6

Figure 2: Ross-Miles Foam Test Heights Ross-Miles Foam

BIO-SOFT N25-9 7.6 8.3 7.8 8.5 6.3 6.8 7.8 8.3 9.9 10.6 9.5 10.3 8.8 10.5 9.8 10.5 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 Foam Height, centimeters 8.0 10.0 12.0

BIO-SOFT N25-7

BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 Alcohol Ethoxylate

BIO-SOFT N1-9

BIO-SOFT N1-7

BIO-SOFT N1-5

BIO-SOFT N91-8

BIO-SOFT N91-6

Initial Foam

After 5 Minutes

*Test was run using a modified version of ASTM Method D1173. Dilutions of the alcohol ethoxylates were done at a concentration of 0.1% active in 150 ppm hard water.

10

Foaming Properties of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

Shake Foam Test
The Shake Foam Test measures the height of flash foam produced upon inversion in the presence and absence of an oily soil. The test method used is available from Stepan upon request.

Figure 3: Average Shake Foam Height Without Oil

0.2% Active in 140 ppm Water
BIO-SOFT N25-12 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N91-6

Stepan Alcohol Ethoxylate

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Foam Height, milliliters

After 15 seconds After 5 minutes

Average Shake Foam Foam Height Figure 4: Average ShakeHeight With Oil With Oil (0.2% Active in 140ppm Water)

0.2% Active in 140 ppm Water

Stepan Alcohol Ethoxylate

BIO-SOFT N25-12 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N91-6 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

Foam Height, milliliters

After 15 seconds After 5 minutes

11

Solution Characteristics
Solution Properties of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
One of the many characteristics that set each of the alcohol ethoxylates apart is their solubility in water. Typically, most nonionic surfactants form a gel with the addition of water at room temperature. When making up solutions containing BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates, the higher the HLB, and typically the higher the moles of ethylene oxide, the more soluble the alcohol ethoxylate. Alcohol ethoxylates containing lower moles of ethylene oxide, between one and five, and having a value of less than ten for their HLB are typically insoluble in water alone. Table 8 shows the solution properties of the water-soluble BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates. Alcohol ethoxylates can form gels at room temperature at concentrations of 40-80% by weight. In order to minimize gelling, the formulator may need to heat the solution above the gel curves shown in Figures 5-13. The viscosity of an alcohol ethoxylate allows for the approximate ease of pumping. Depending on the users equipment, the lower the viscosity, the easy the alcohol ethoxylate is to pump. Some alcohol ethoxylates may require heating to lower the viscosity to a level that may be pumped. Figures 14-17 show typical viscosity as a function of temperature curves for the BIO-SOFT N-Series alcohol ethoxylates.

Table 8: Viscosities of Aqueous BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates at 25C (Centipoise)

Concentration, %Weight Alcohol Ethoxylate BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12 10 5 4 39 5 5 58 8 5 4 20 12 8 64 15 8 340 75 10 10 30 62 24 93 103 30 468 1332 Gel 74 40 170 126 Gel Gel 262 568 Gel Gel Gel 50 166 Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel 60 120 Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel Gel 70 95 118 Gel Gel 195 Gel Gel Gel Gel 80 70 89 Gel 100 115 Gel Gel Gel Gel 90 53 71 58 72 84 77 109 124 ---

12

Gel Characteristics of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

When making concentrated solutions of alcohol ethoxylates in water, gels can often result. The gel characteristics of the BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are shown in the gel curves labeled Figures 5-13. In order to avoid gel formation, the formulator must add the alcohol ethoxylate to, or dilute neat ethoxylate with, water that has been heated sufficiently to keep the temperature of the mixture above the peak temperature shown on the gel curve for that alcohol ethoxylate.

25

20

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

15

10

Liquid
5

Liquid

Gel
-5

-10

-15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

45

% Weight BIO-SOFT N91-6 in Water

40

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

Figure 5: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N91-6

35

30

25

Liquid
20

Gel

Liquid

15

10

0 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N91-8 in Water

80

70

Figure 6: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N91-8

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

60

50 Liquid 40 Gel Liquid

30

20

10

0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N1-5 in Water

Figure 7: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N1-5

13

Gel Characteristics of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

50 45 40

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

35 30 25 20 15

Liquid
10 5 0 20 30 40 50

Gel

Liquid

60

70

80

90

100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N1-7 in Water

Figure 8: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N1-7

50 45

40

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

35 30 25

Liquid
20

Gel

Liquid

15 10 5 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N1-9 in Water

Figure 9: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N1-9

90

80

70

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

Liquid
60

Gel

Liquid

50

40

30

20

10

0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 in Water

Figure 10: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N23-6.5

14

Gel Characteristics of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

100 90 80

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

70

Liquid
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 30 40 50

Gel

Liquid

60

70

80

90

100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N25-7 in Water

Figure 11: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N25-7

60

Liquid
50

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

40

Liquid
30

Gel

Liquid

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% BIO-SOFT N25-9 in Water

Figure 12: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N25-9

80

70

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

60

50

Liquid
40

Gel

Liquid

30

20

10

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Weight BIO-SOFT N25-12 in Water

Figure 13: Gel Curve for BIO-SOFT N25-12

15

BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates Viscosity as a Function of Temperature

Figure 14: Viscosity as a Function of Temperature of BIO-SOFT N91 Series

250.00 BIO-SOFT N91-8

Viscosity, Centipose

200.00

150.00 BIO-SOFT N91-6 100.00

50.00 BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

Temperature, Celsius

Figure 15: Viscosity as a Function of Temperature of BIO-SOFT N1 Series

90.00 80.00 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-3 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00

Viscosity, Centipose

70.00 60.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

16

BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates Viscosity as a Function of Temperature

Figure 16: Viscosity as a Function of Temperature of BIO-SOFT N23 Series

100.00 90.00

Viscosity, Centipose

80.00 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 BIO-SOFT N23-3

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

Figure 17: Viscosity as a Function of Temperature of BIO-SOFT N25 Series

80.00 70.00 BIO-SOFT N25-12

Viscosity, Centipose

60.00 50.00

BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-7

40.00 30.00 BIO-SOFT N25-3 20.00 10.00 0.00 10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Temperature, Degrees Celsius

17

Surface Tensions of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

When selecting a surfactant, the surface tension of the surfactant is an important physical property to consider. Aqueous solutions consisting of nonionic surfactants show significantly lower surface tensions and better wetting times than water alone. In dilute aqueous solutions, the surface tension decreases as the ethoxylate concentration increases. At a certain concentration, a surfactant will reach its critical micelle concentration (CMC). The CMC refers to the surfactant concentration at which micelles begin to form. As the micelles form, the air-water surface tension and soil-water interfacial tension attain their minimum levels. Micelles are necessary to solubilize soils. Therefore, it is fundamental that a surfactant concentration somewhere above the CMC is attained. Typically, a surfactant is much less effective at concentrations below the CMC value in applications for cleaning and emulsification. Table 9 shows the surface tension and CMC values for the watersoluble BIO-SOFT N-Series alcohol ethoxylates.

Table 9: Surface Tensions

Dynes/cm at 24C in distilled water Surfactant Concentration, % Weight BIO-SOFT N91-6 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 CMC, % Weight

62 63 57 60 60 53 51 54 59

53 54 43 50 50 33 32 35 39

33 37 26 30 34 28 30 31 34

29 30 25 28 31 28 30 30 34

0.025 0.027 0.012 0.010 0.015 0.0017 0.0009 0.0018 0.0018

BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12

18

Typical End Uses

Typical End Uses for BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
Table 10 gives some of the typical uses for alcohol ethoxylates. Stepan also offers some alcohol ethoxylates in the sulfated form. For a list of these products, please contact your Stepan representative.

Table 10: Typical End Uses for BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates

BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates N91-2.5 N23-6.5 N25-12
l l l l l l l l l l u u l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l 19

N91-6

N91-8

N23-3

N25-3

N25-7
l l l l l l l l l l l

Personal Care Products

All Purpose Cleaner Disinfectant Cleaners Dilutable Cleaners Spray Cleaners Window Cleaners Multifunctional Laundry Products Hand Dishwashing Liquid Laundry Pre-spotters Hand Laundry Liquids Laundry Liquids Laundry Powders (Blend) Laundry Powders (Spray Dried) Perfume Solubilizer Shampoo Bubble Bath Hard Surface Cleaners Car/Truck/Ship/Airplane Floor/Wall/Tile High Foam Car Wash Laundry Liquids Laundry Powders Metal Soak Cleaners Rug Cleaners Solvent Cleaners Foaming Control Leather Processing Metal Rolling Oils Mining Dedust Oil Field Chemicals Latex Paint Pesticide Adjuvant Textile Applications

Household Products

u l

l l l l l l l

l l l l l l

l l u l

l l l l l l l l l l

l l l l l l

l l l l l l u u l

l l l l l l l l l l

u u u u l

l l l l

Industrial & Institutional Cleaners

l l u l

l l u l l l

u l

Industrial Process & Formulation Aids

l l l l

u Hydrophobe used for making alkyl ether sulfates l Product used as a component in end formulation

N25-9
l l l l l l l l l

N1-3

N1-5

N1-7

N1-9

Regulatory Information
Human Safety of BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylates
Alcohol ethoxylates are used in many consumer and industrial products today. Even though the materials have low to moderate acute oral and dermal toxicity, precautions should be used when handling the products at full concentration. The BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are considered moderate to severe eye and skin irritants at full strength. However, at dilutions of 1-10%, the BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are generally classified as mild to moderate skin irritants. A detailed statement is available from Stepan upon request.

Chemical Registries
BIO-SOFT alcohol ethoxylates are approved for use by prior sanction under the United States FDA applications as indirect food additives and cosmetics under 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180. The BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates may also be used as inert ingredients in registered formulations. The BIO-SOFT line of ethoxylates is listed for use under EPA 40CFR 180.1001 (c) and (e). As listed in Table 11, the BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates is also listed for use around the world.

Table 11: Registration Numbers for BIO-SOFT Alcohol Ethoxylate Active Ingredient
Stepans Alcohol Ethoxylate
BIO-SOFT N91-2.5 BIO-SOFT N91-6 BIO-SOFT N91-8 BIO-SOFT N1-3 BIO-SOFT N1-5 BIO-SOFT N1-7 BIO-SOFT N1-9 BIO-SOFT N23-3 BIO-SOFT N23-6.5 BIO-SOFT N25-3 BIO-SOFT N25-7 BIO-SOFT N25-9 BIO-SOFT N25-12

United States (TSCA)

68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5

Canada (DSL)
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5

Korea (ECL)
KE-13383 KE-13383 KE-13383 KE-28888 KE-28888 KE-28888 KE-28888 KE-13386 KE-13386 KE-13388 KE-13388 KE-13388 KE-13388

Europe (EINECS)
------NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-084-3 NLP 500-165-3 NLP 500-165-3 NLP 500-195-7 NLP 500-195-7 NLP 500-195-7 NLP 500-195-7

Australia (AICS)
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5

Philippines (PICCS)
68439-46-3 68439-46-3 68439-46-3 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 34398-01-1 66455-14-9 66455-14-9 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5 68131-39-5

China
Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3 Listed, Part 3

20

Contact Information
Corporate Headquarters
Stepan Company 22 West Frontage Road Northfield, Illinois 60093 Telephone: 847.446.7500 Fax: 847.501.2100 World Wide Web: www.stepan.com

Technical Assistance
If you are in need of assistance with formulations or samples of the BIO-SOFT line of alcohol ethoxylates, please contact Stepans Technical Service Department.

United States Telephone: 1.800.745.7837 Fax: 847.446.3925 E-mail: techserv@stepan.com France Telephone: +33.476.505.100 Fax: +33.476.567.165 Canada Telephone: +705.326.7329 Mexico Telephone: +52.555.533.1697

Colombia Telephone: +57.68.780.122 Philippines Telephone: +632.891.1708 Brazil Telephone: +55.11.573.0120 United Kingdom Telephone: +44.161.338.9009

Stepan Sales and Customer Service

United States
Stepan Company 22 West Frontage Road Northfield, Illinois 60093, U.S.A. Telephone: 847.446.7500 Fax: 847.501.2100 Customer Service Telephone: 800.457.7673 Fax: 847.501.2464

Philippines
Stepan Philippines, Inc. (J.V.) 7th Floor NOL Tower Commerce Avenue Madrigal Business Park Ayala Alabang Muntinlupa City, Philippines Telephone: +632.842.9751 Fax: +632.842.1236

Canada
Stepan Canada 2000 Argentia Road, Plaza 5, Suite 102 Mississauga, Ontario l5N 2R7 Telephone: +905.814.7231 Fax: +905.814.7233 Customer Service Telephone: 800.461.5000 Fax: 705.326.3458

Brazil
Stepan Quimica Ltda. Rua Pelotas, 499 Vila Mariana 04012-001 Sao Paulo Brazil Telephone: +55.11.573.0120 Fax: +55.11.539.4587

Colombia
Stepan Colombiana de Quimicos, Ltda. Calle 114A, No. 19-12 Santa Barbara Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia Telephone: +571.522.2523 Fax: +571.637.2790

Mexico
Stepan Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Reforma 403-1004 Mexico, D.F. 06500 Mexico Telephone: +52.555.533.1697 Fax: +52.555.514.5448

United Kingdom France

Stepan Europe Chemin Jongkind B.P. 127 38340 Voreppe (Grenoble), France Telephone: +33.476.505.100 Fax: +33.476.567.165 Stepan UK Limited Bridge Street Stalybridge, Cheshire SK15 1PH Telephone: +44.161.338.9009 Fax: +44.161.303.2991

Nothing contained herein grants or extends a license, expressed or implied, in connection with patents, issued or pending, of the manufacturer or others. The information contained herein is based on the manufacturers own study and the work of others. The manufacturer makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained herein. The manufacturer shall not be liable (regardless of fault) to the vendees employees, or anyone for any direct, special or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with the accuracy, completeness, adequacy or furnishing of such information. BIO-SOFT, MAKON, TOXIMUL, NINEX, STEPANTEX, NEUTRONYX, and Your formula for success are registered trademarks of the Stepan Company. Your Complete Surfactant Source is a trademark of the Stepan Company. Version 1 Revised 08/2002