1 Beat Tiansfei Laboiatoiy

DINESH SCIENTIFIC
Forced Convection Apparatus
Object:
To determine the Forced Convection heat transfer coefficient for flow through
the given horizontal tube.

Introduction:
Convection is a process of energy transfer by the combined action of heat
conduction, energy storage and mixing motion. When the mixing motion in
induced by some external agency such as pump or a blower the process is
called forced convection. The intensity of the mixing motion is generally high in
forced convection and consequently the heat transfer coefficient is higher than
free convection. The heat transfer coefficient h can be obtained from Newton
Rockmens law of convection i:e
q = h A T

Experimental Setup:
The experimental setup consists of a blower unit fitted with test pipe. The test
section is surrounded by Nichrome wire band heater.



















Temperature Indicator
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Heater On/Off
Dimmerstat
Manometer
Supply On/Off
Orificemeter (k = 0.82)
Air Blower for
Creating Forced
Convection Effect
Housing of Test Pipe
2 Beat Tiansfei Laboiatoiy

DINESH SCIENTIFIC

Experimental Procedure:
1. Switch on the supply and select the range of heater using dimmerstat.
2. Now adjust the flow of air using the control rotor on the air blower unit
to some value.
3. Wait till the steady state is reached.
4. Note the ammeter, voltmeter and thermocouple temperatures, from T1 to
T
5.

5. Now change the manometer difference to next value and repeat the
experiment.
6. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient using newton formula.
7. Also calculate the h using the relation

Nu = C (Re)
m
(Pr)
n
Pr = Prandtl Number = Cp / kair = 0.708 (from Data Book)

Or, Heat Transfer coefficient
h = (Nu k
air
) / L
c


Specifications:
1. Pipe outer diameter = 38 mm
2. Pipe inner diameter = 34 mm
3. Length of Test Section = 300mm
4. Orificemeter diameter = 11.2 mm

Observation Table:
S.No
Heater Input
Manometer
Reading
H = h1 + h2
x 10
-3
m
Thermocouple reading

V I T
1
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
5

1
2
3
4
5

3 Beat Tiansfei Laboiatoiy

DINESH SCIENTIFIC
Calculations:
Experimental Method
1. Rate of Heat transfer coefficient Q = V x I
2. Heat Transfer Coefficient, h = Q/A(T
s
T
a
)

Q= V I = W, watts
A = Surface area of Brass tube = dL
d= Inner diameter of pipe = 34mm
L= 30mm
T
s
=
T2+ T3+ T4
3

= . K
Ta =
T1+ T5
2
= . K

Theoretical Method
1. The standard value of air at Ta =
T1+ T5
2
= 300 K
a = 1.1774 kg/m
3

= 1.983 x 1
-5
kg/ms
Cp = 1.0059 kJ/kg K
kair = 0.02624 kW/mK
w = 1000 kg/m
3


2. Heat of air H
a
=
w
h
w
/

a



a
= 1.1774 kg/m
3

w = 1000 kg/m
3

h
w
= Heat of water in (m)
3. Discharge of air, q = C
d
x x d
o
2
/4 2gEo
d
o
=

Orificemeter diameter = 11.2 mm
Cd = Co-efficient of discharge = 0.82
Velocity V= Discharge / Area of tube = q/A (m/s)

A= x di
2
/4, di = inner diameter of tube through
which air flows

Reynolds number, R
e
= . V. L /
Nu = C (Re)
m
(Pr)
n

From data book for flow through data book
N
u
= 0.023 (R
e
)
0.8
(Pr)
0.33