INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT S AND MODELS IDC Taxonomy Document:

Natalya Yezhkova Amita Potnis Dave Pearson Daniel Bizo Marina Kostova Rajnish Arora Ayuchi Takamatsu Lidice Fernandez Maura Lydon

Disk Storage Systems Tracker

www.idc.com

Liz Conner Benjamin Woo Waldemar Schuster Pavel Roland Mark Lee Masaaki Moriyama Toshihiko Tsutsui Hoang Nguyen

IDC OPINION
This taxonomy provides a comprehensive overview and definitions for the enterprise storage systems market. The definitions provided in this document represent the scope of IDC's enterprise storage systems research. In more detail: This taxonomy outlines market segmentations and measurement methodologies for the enterprise storage industry including classification by technology, vendor, geography, and revenue metrics. The taxonomy is used by IDC analysts around the world to generate IDC market sizing, forecasts, and market models. IDC's enterprise storage research framework and corresponding deliverables are detailed in the Methodology section.

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Filing Information: October 2011, IDC #undefined, Volume: 1 Worldwide Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker: Industry Developments and Models

TABLE OF CONTENTS
P In This Study 1

Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 1 S i t u a t i o n O ve r v i e w S t o r a g e S ys t e m s T a x o n o m y 2 2

Enterprise Storage Systems Definition ..................................................................................................... 2 Technology Segmentations ...................................................................................................................... 2 Storage Location ............................................................................................................................... 2 Data Redundancy .............................................................................................................................. 2 Operating System .............................................................................................................................. 3 Protocol ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Installation ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Topology ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Multi-Protocol vs Dedicated Systems ................................................................................................ 5 Enterprise Storage System Suppliers ....................................................................................................... 6 Storage Class/Price Band......................................................................................................................... 7 Storage Class .................................................................................................................................... 7 Price Band ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Geographic Segmentation ........................................................................................................................ 8 Enterprise Storage Market Metrics ........................................................................................................... 9 Revenue ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Shipments.......................................................................................................................................... 10 Average Selling Value and Price ....................................................................................................... 11 Exchange Rates ................................................................................................................................ 11 Future Outlook Essential Guidance Learn More 12 12 12

Related Research ..................................................................................................................................... 12

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LIST OF TABLES
P 1 2 IDC's Storage Connectivity Segmentation ................................................................................... 5 Regions and Countries ................................................................................................................. 9

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IN THIS STUDY
This taxonomy document provides an overview of the disk storage system hardware market and market definitions. The taxonomy is used by IDC analysts around the world to size the market and estimate market position of individual vendors.

Methodology
In segmenting the enterprise storage hardware infrastructure industry into its constituent markets, IDC analysts follow a methodology using demand-side and supply-side analysis of key trends and events over a given period. This methodology is predicated on the use of standard market structures, methods, and definitions. IDC's global market structure, methodology, and definitions are based on input from local IDC analysts in over 70 countries as well as dedicated regional analysts from IDC's regional centers in Europe, Asia/Pacific, Middle East Africa, Latin America, and the North America. Characteristics and variances are collected at the local level and aggregated at the regional level, then synthesized at the worldwide level to create global market measurements. The Worldwide Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker and Worldwide Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Forecast are generated from a proprietary IDC database and analytical tools. IDC analysts around the globe use various sources of information about performance of specific vendors and product families in different geographies. These sources include but are not limited to interviews with vendors, their channel partners, and major customers as well as primary research of end users. This Taxonomy is the foundation for the following: IDC Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker - IDC's Worldwide Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker provides broad coverage of key enterprise storage market information, enabling companies to compare new developments in the storage hardware market from a global perspective. At its core is a comprehensive database detailing changes and trends within the enterprise storage market. IDC Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Forecaster - IDC's Worldwide Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Forecast is IDC's outlook for the Enterprise Storage Systems market. Clients are provided with a foundation of market and technology assumptions to understand the factors that drive the marketplace expectations. IDC Research Documents - IDC research reports include market forecasts, competitive analysis, vendor profiles, and information on customer requirements and buying patterns. IDC Multi-Client Studies and Market Models - These are highly specialized custom research projects that give in-depth analysis on a specific topic.

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SITUATION OVERVIEW
The sections below detail IDC's enterprise storage systems definitions.

STORAGE SYSTEMS TAXONOMY

Enterprise Storage Systems Definition
Terms Disk Storage Systems and Enterprise Storage Systems are interchangeable. Historically, IDC tracked and sized the Disk Storage Systems market, but with the introduction of solid state drives (SSDs), IDC started moving toward using the term Enterprise Storage Systems for the same market to acknowledge the adoption of SSDs in storage systems. IDC defines an enterprise storage system as a set of storage elements, including controllers, cables, and (in some instances) a host bus adapter associated with three or more mass storage devices (hard disk drives [HDDs] or solid state drives [SSDs]). A system is used to support the processing, management, and storage of digital data. It may be located outside of or within an application server. Thus, nearly all storage within large, medium-sized, and small servers is considered by IDC to be storage systems.

Technology Segmentations
The Worldwide Quarterly Enterprise Storage Systems Tracker provides historical quarterly data (starting from 4Q 2001) for the worldwide disk storage systems market in a variety of technological and geographical segments.

Storage Location
External storage. External storage encompasses all enterprise storage systems outside of the server enclosure. Internal storage. Internal storage includes the value of storage enclosed within application servers that contain three or more mass storage devices (HDD or SSD). It does not include the entire value of the server; rather, it includes the value of the mass storage devices, storage controllers, and other associated storage components

Data Redundancy
Just a bunch of disks (JBOD). JBOD is a storage system that does not contain any data redundancy levels. Redundant array of independent/inexpensive disks (RAID). RAID encompasses all storage systems shipped with RAID capability. IDC categorizes RAID as either internal (HDDs/SSDs and RAID controller are contained within a

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server) or external (HDDs/SSDs and RAID controller are located within an external storage enclosure): External RAID. This is external storage with RAID protection provided by a controller located within the (external) enterprise storage system. If RAID functionality is provided to an external storage system by a server-based controller, server-based RAID on motherboard, or server-based software, the storage system is classified as JBOD. Internal RAID. This is storage located within the server enclosure that affords RAID functionality via either software or RAID controllers.

The RAID category also includes storage systems with built-in data writing algorithms that provide protection against multiple drive or node failures (e.g., by breaking data into pieces, writing them across multiple disks or nodes, and automatically recovering/redistributing the data across active drives/nodes in case of a failure).

Operating System
Under the operating system segmentation, IDC estimates in what server operating environments enterprise storage systems are deployed. Currently, the Worldwide Quarterly Enterprise Storage Systems Tracker and Forecast contain data on the following major OS environments: i5/OS. This includes all variations running on IBM i5/OS hardware platforms. Linux. This includes all variations of Linux (e.g., mainstream and other versions such as Red Hat and SuSE). Network operating system (Netware). This includes all variations of Novell NetWare and other LAN operating systems, but not Windows servers or Unix NFS servers. Windows. This includes all variations of the Microsoft operating system. Unix. This includes all variations of Unix (e.g., Solaris and AIX). z/OS. This includes all operating systems designed to run on IBM mainframe systems. Other OS. This comprises all other multiuser operating systems, including proprietary operating systems and storage sold in the military and communications markets.

Protocol
Directly Attached Storage (DAS) refers to storage systems directly attached to servers. All internal storage is considered directly attached. Specific DAS protocols (e.g. SAS, SCSI) are not segmented separately. ESCON/FICON SAN refers to the ESCON and FICON director-based storage, based on mainframe attachment. FICON is an IBM mainframe-specific version of Fibre Channel.

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 Fibre Channel (FC) SAN. This is networked storage that supplies data to one or more server/systems by connecting them through a hub or switch. In this document, FC SAN revenue includes the value of the disk storage arrays and host bus adapters when the latter are sold at the initial point of sale. The value of hubs and switches within the SAN fabric is not included. SAN management software is also excluded from the valuation. Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) SAN is based on TCP/IP or Ethernet switches and interconnects. This refers to any storage system that supports the standard iSCSI protocol, which is based on the transfer of blocklevel storage over the IP. Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) uses FC protocol to transmit data over Ethernet. Special FCoE switches and/or network adapters are required to implement this transmission, but their value is not included in the estimates. InfiniBand (IB) is based on the InfiniBand architecture delivering high data transfer rates. Deployment of IB is limited primarily to the high-performance computing (HPC) segment. Switched SAS (SAS SAN) leverages a common SAS interconnect for disk drives and servers to enable more scalable and flexible storage in a relatively small IT environment. SAS SAN utilizes switched architecture, but unlike FC SAN, it is limited in distance to local deployments and number of servers it can support. Network-attached Storage (NAS). NAS is an external disk storage attaches to a LAN, communicates at a file level, and contains operating system optimized for file-level storage. NAS gateways, or well as specific NAS protocols (e.g. CIFS, NFS, SMB) are not separately in the tracker and the forecast. system that an internal "heads", as segmented

The value of hubs, switches, and network adapters is not covered in the Disk Storage Systems Tracker or Forecasters. There is a separate IDC research that covers storage networking infrastructure.

Installation
DAS refers to storage systems directly attached to server. In the tracker and forecast, DAS installation is an equivalent of the DAS protocol. ESCON/FICON refers to storage systems deployed via ESCON/FICON SAN protocol. Storage Area Network (SAN). A storage environment in which one for more storage arrays supply data to multiple open server/systems though a switch. SANs process volume and block-level information and can use Fibre Channel, Ethernet, InfiniBand, or Switched SAS as the network connection. In the tracker and the forecast SAN installation combines FC, iSCSI, FCoE, InfiniBand, and Switched SAS protocols.

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 NAS. NAS installation is the equivalent of NAS protocol.

Topology
Direct. This refers to all disk storage systems directly attached to a server. Mainframe Networked. This refers to all disk storage systems that are not directly attached to a server and deployed in the mainframe operating system environments. Open Networked. This refers to all disk storage systems that are not directly attached to a server and deployed in the open operating system environments (this excludes mainframe operating environments). In the tracker and the forecast Open Network topology represents a combination of SAN and NAS installations. Table 1 illustrates the relationships between topology, installation, and protocol segmentations.

TABLE 1
IDC's Storage Connectivity Segmentation
Topology Direct Mainframe networked Open Networked Open Networked Open Networked Open Networked Open Networked Open Networked
Source: IDC, 2010

Installation DAS ESCON/FICON NAS SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN

Protocol DAS (all DAS protocols) ESCON/FICON NAS (all NAS protocols) Fibre Channel Fibre Channel over Ethernet InfiniBand iSCSI Switched SAS (SAS SAN)

Multi-Protocol vs Dedicated Systems

In the recent years, a whole new range of storage systems got an attention from the vendor and end user communities. These systems are designed to support block and file host protocols, which makes them capable to serve a broad range of storage needs of organizations, in which they are deployed. IDC believes that this multiprotocol design will remain highly demanded by end users. To enable efficient tracking and forecasting of these systems, IDC introduced a new category to the disk storage systems tracker: multi-protocol storage (MPS) systems.

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IDC defines a Multi Protocol Storage (MPS) System as a general purpose external disk storage system that has the capability to provide block and either file and/or object access simultaneously to storage capacity on a singular hardware platform or an integrated architecture with a common management interface. The common management interface must provide common configuration, provisioning, and data management services across block and file (or object) protocols. IDC excludes from the definition systems designed for specific data use cases, such as purpose-built backup appliances (PBBAs), which compete in niche markets, and focus on systems that can support a broad range of data and applications. It is also pointed out that a system is defined as an MPS system based on its technical capabilities. It is up to an end user whether to use a system for both block and file support or for either block or file. In any case, end user has a flexibility of allocating storage resources and adjust system configuration as needed. Systems that are not qualified to be included in the MPS category are grouped into the Dedicated Storage Systems group.

Enterprise Storage System Suppliers

IDC constantly monitors the competitive landscape of the market to assure coverage of the largest and most influential global and regional suppliers of enterprise storage systems as well as to reflect properly merger and acquisition activity on the market. As of 3Q 2011, the following suppliers are covered in the tracker: "Named" Suppliers: Dell, EMC, Fujitsu, Hitachi, HP, Huawei-Symantec, IBM, NEC, NetApp and Oracle/Sun. "Other" Suppliers. This is a broad-based category that captures revenue other than that assigned to named suppliers. Major examples include relatively small and start-up companies specializing in NAS or FC SAN storage systems, often designed for specific vertical markets (e.g. HPC or video surveillance) or certain data usage (e.g. data backup or archive). When one storage system supplier acquires or merges with another storage system supplier, these two companies are tracked as a combined entity starting with the quarter, in which the acquisition or merger was completed and as separate entities prior to this quarter. There were several cases when the merger and acquisition activity impacted two vendors named in the tracker: HP acquired Compaq in 2Q 2002. As a result, HP and Compaq are tracked as a combined entity starting in 2Q 2002 and separately prior to this quarter. HP acquired 3Com in 2Q 2010. As a result, HP and Huawei-3Com are tracked as a combined entity starting in 2Q 2010 and separately prior to this quarter. HP acquired 3PAR at the end of 3Q 2010. Because the acquisition was completed in the last week of the calendar quarter, HP and 3PAR will be tracked as a combined entity starting in 4Q 2010 and separately prior to this quarter.

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 Fujitsu bought out the stake Siemens had in the Fujitsu-Siemens partnership in 1Q 2009. As a result, Fujitsu and Fujitsu-Siemens are tracked as a combined entity starting in 2Q 2009 and separately prior to this quarter. EMC acquired Isilon at the end of 4Q 2010. Because the acquisition was completed in the last week of the calendar quarter, EMC and Isilon are tracked as a combined entity starting in 1Q 2011 and separately prior to that quarter. Dell completed acquisition of Compellent in 1Q 2011. As a result, Dell and Compellent are tracked as a combined entity starting in 1Q 2011 and separately prior to that quarter.
Branded Market View

The tracker provides the "branded" view of the market, i.e. a vendor that OEMs a system from another vendor and sells it to end users or channel partners under its own brand, is recognized in the tracker as a supplier of this system. For example, in the relationship between NetApp and IBM, revenues from sales of the N-series product family, which IBM OEMs from NetApp, are attributable to IBM, and are excluded from NetApp's revenues.

Storage Class/Price Band

Storage Class
IDC's storage class taxonomy segments the enterprise storage market into three storage classes: Entry. Enterprise storage systems consist of all systems with an average selling value below $25,000. Midrange. Midrange enterprise storage markets consist of all systems with an average selling value of $25,000249,999. High-end. High-end enterprise storage markets consist of all systems with an average selling value $250,000 and above.

Price Band
Enterprise storage system price bands are used to segment the market based on the average selling price (ASP) of the storage system as defined by IDC. Products may be sold across a range of price bands. IDC's method of analysis allows for the appearance of single products or product families within multiple price bands, matching the range of configurations and selling prices found for the product. Along with the price band segmentation, IDC also defines market segmentation by storage class. Each of three storage classes (entry, midrange, and high-end) group certain price bands into one category of storage. A price band is a range of system values with an upper and lower bound. It is based on the end-user price of a system. Typically, the lower bound will be the round

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number and the upper bound will end with a 9. Price bands included in the three storage classes are as follows: Entry: Price band 1: $04,999 ASV Price band 2: $5,0009,999 ASV Price band 3: $10,00014,999 ASV Price band 4: $15,00024,999 ASV

Midrange: Price band 5: $25,00049,999 ASV Price band 6: $50,00099,999 ASV Price band 7: $100,000149,999 ASV Price band 8: $150,000249,999 ASV

High-end: Price band 9: $250,000499,999 ASV Price band 21: $500,000+ ASV

Geographic Segmentation
IDC segments the worldwide enterprise storage markets by the following geographic regions: United States Canada Latin America Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe Middle East and Africa Asia / Pacific (ex Japan) Japan Table 2 shows IDC's enterprise storage market segmentation by geography.

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TABLE 2
Regions and Countries
Canada Canada USA USA Japan Japan Western Europe Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Asia Pacific Australia Hong Kong India Indonesia Korea Malaysia New Zealand Philippines China (PRC) Singapore Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Rest of Asia Pacific Central Eastern Europe Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Poland Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine Estonia Latvia Lithuania Rest of CEE Latin America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico Peru Venezuela Rest of LA Middle East Africa Algeria Bahrain Egypt Israel Kenya Kuwait Morocco Nigeria Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia South Africa Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates Rest of Africa Rest of Middle East

Source: IDC, 2010

Enterprise Storage Market Metrics

Revenue
IDC's storage research includes the amount recognized by the hardware vendor (the factory revenue items), and the channel margin (when a product is sold through a third-party sales organization. IDC presents data in factory revenue to determine market share position of individual vendors (supply side view). IDC also presents data in customer revenue, or end-user spending, to better represent the total amount of spending in the enterprise storage system market for forecasting purposes (demand side view). The formula for calculating revenue is as follows: Factory Revenue = revenue Customer Revenue (i.e. end-user spending) = factory revenue + channel revenue Factory revenue. Factory revenue represents the amount of money recognized by the vendor for the sale of its products. Factory revenue represents dollars

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recognized by storage vendors for new and upgrade units sold through direct and indirect channels. Currently, IDC doesn't split new system shipments and sales of upgrades of enterprise storage systems, but rather than that tracks the combined revenue from new and upgrade system sales, Factory revenue is used by IDC to calculate vendor market shares because it excludes channel margin that is not part of a vendor's own finances. This revenue numbers exclude optional software, any additional hardware added by channel partners, shipping, taxes, and service contracts not bundled in the price of the storage system. Customer revenue. Customer revenue represents the amount of money paid by end users for products. IDC uses customer revenue to estimate and forecast end user demand for enterprise storage systems. Many of IDC's clients and prospects find spending to be a more relevant metric than vendor revenue for market planning purposes. Additionally, customer revenue also includes all associated taxes, tariffs, freight, insurance, and other shipping and handling fees that are associated with the equipment sale. Customer, or end-user, revenue (spending) represents those dollars ultimately spent by the end customer for the following embedded enterprise storage components: Frame, cabinet, or enclosure/shelf and all cables Hard disk drives and/or solid state drives Storage controllers RAID controllers, and built-in HBAs System firmware or operating system software (for NAS storage systems) necessary for a system to function as a storage system Other bundled software such as firmware not possessing separate SKUs and price point and integrated in all system configurations.

To a large degree, most of the aforementioned components are sold today as a storage system bundle, with the possible exception of the OS software. IDC's revenue figures are based on street (i.e., realistic) pricing for the average model configuration as it is assembled when the user plugs it in.

Shipments
New system shipment. A new system shipment unit consists of HDDs/SSDs, controllers, HBAs, processors, memory, and any bundled operating system, software that would typically be configured when it leaves the OEM's factory floor. Guidance for these average configurations is normally received from storage system vendors. New system prices are net prices, meaning that IDC subtracts the value of a trade-in storage system from the price for a new system. The use of net pricing was necessitated by the data-reporting abilities of storage vendors. Much of the guidance that we receive does not account for trade-ins and discounting.

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 Units. IDC uses a supplier/market definition for a system unit. A system unit is generally the aggregation of the parts, which a supplier positions, markets, and sells to customers as a storage system product. If the unit is a RAID unit, IDC requires that the definition include one or more RAID controllers. Typically, storage capacity upgrade (through a purchase of additional drive enclosures or disk/solid state drives) for an already deployed storage system, does not count as a unit shipment. However, revenue and terabytes associated with the storage capacity upgrade are rolled up into revenue and terabyte numbers for the given storage system model. Shipments are counted once the system is sold into that company's channel or to an end user. Terabytes reflect raw terabytes as opposed to usable terabytes. For example, in a system that is fully mirrored, only one-half of this capacity is available for the storage of new data writes. IDC tracks combined terabyte shipments for initial system purchases and for capacity upgrades. Price-per-gigabyte ($/GB). The average $/GB reflects the price for the average hardware configuration in a given segment (product, vendor, technology and/or geography). The average $/GB is calculated based on factory revenue and terabytes. Gigabytes-per-unit (GB/Unit). The average GB/Unit reflects the average configuration of an enterprise storage system in a given segment (product, vendor, technology and/or geography). The average GB/Unit is calculated based on terabytes and unit shipments.

Average Selling Value and Price

Average selling value. ASV is the value of a storage system shipment unit configured as it is typically sold. The ASV will include the base configuration plus any add-ons or upgrades typically sold when the system is first delivered to a customer. The ASV reflects the average price, at which a supplier sells an enterprise storage system directly to a customer or to a channel partner. The ASV is calculated based on factory revenue and unit shipments. List price. This is the non discounted direct price for an enterprise storage system model. List prices are typically found in vendor pricing books. Average Selling Values, rather than List prices, are reflected in IDC Disk Storage Systems Tracker.

Exchange Rates
The time periods used in IDC trackers and forecasts are calendar time periods (quarters or years). Historical market values in the tracker for each quarter are based on current U.S. average dollar exchange rate for that quarter. Therefore, for regional markets outside the United States, these as-published values are based on the corresponding average exchange rate for that country each quarter. Please refer to IDCs regional and country research studies to find historical data for market size and growth in local currencies.

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Quarterly and annual forecasts are done at a constant exchange rate at the time the forecast is developed. IDC uses the average exchange rate of the quarter or year when the forecast is created. For example: for the Q1 deliverable (January March) the average exchange rate in Brazil is 2.3, then we assume the exchange rate will remain unchanged for the coming quarters. For that reason IDC will use 2.3 as the exchange rate for all forecasted periods. IDC uses customer revenue to develop its storage systems forecasts to estimate future end user demand for enterprise storage systems. Many of IDC clients find spending to be a more useful concept than vendor revenue in market plans. The forecast provides IDC's expectations on end user spending and terabytes only. IDC does not forecast factory revenues or unit shipments for the enterprise storage systems market.

FUTURE OUTLOOK
IDC's enterprise storage systems taxonomy is updated on a regular basis to reflect the changing nature of the storage marketplace. In addition other views of storage markets may be defined, sized, and forecast as required throughout the year.

ESSENTIAL GUIDANCE
This document, which presents IDCs current taxonomy for the enterprise storage systems market, should serve as a guide for the existing base of enterprise storage research and for the planned base of IDC hardware research. IDC expects that the definitions presented in this document will provide explanations for the categories of products that are shown within the data tables of the IDC's quantitative deliverables and research documents. Tracker deliverables are usually presented in a pivot-table format, and the categories are labeled as described in this taxonomy document.

LE ARN MORE
Related Research
Asia Pacific Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker Canadian Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker EMEA Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker Latin America Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker Worldwide Quarterly Disk Storage Systems Tracker

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Synopsis
This taxonomy provides a comprehensive overview and definitions for enterprise storage systems. The definitions provided in this document represent the scope of IDC's storage systems research. This taxonomy outlines market segmentations and measurement methodologies for the storage industry including classification by technology, vendor, geography, and revenue metrics.

Copyright Notice
This IDC research document was published as part of an IDC continuous intelligence service, providing written research, analyst interactions, telebriefings, and conferences. Visit www.idc.com to learn more about IDC subscription and consulting services. To view a list of IDC offices worldwide, visit www.idc.com/offices. Please contact the IDC Hotline at 800.343.4952, ext. 7988 (or +1.508.988.7988) or sales@idc.com for information on applying the price of this document toward the purchase of an IDC service or for information on additional copies or Web rights. Copyright 2011 IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved.

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