AIM: To study the impact of gratitude on cheerfulness, stress, happiness and health in males and females.

INTRODUCTION: GRATITUDE stems from the Latin Gratia, meaning grateful and pertaining to kindness and the beauty of giving and receiving, gratitude is the most common discrete positive affect, experienced by more than 90% of adults (Chipperfield, Perry & Weiner, 2003). Gratitude is cognitive and emotional reaction arising from noticing and appreciating the benefits that one has received. The sources of the perceived benefits that lead to gratitude are diverse and include (a) Direct help, (b) Tangible possessions, (c) Positive relationships, (d) Being positive in a given moment, and (e) Doing well compared to others (Wood, Maltby, Stewart, & Joseph, 2008). State gratitude appears to have three functions (McCullough, Kilpatrick, Emmons, & Larson, 2001). First, gratitude acts as a moral barometer occurring after aid is received (Wood, Maltby, Stewart, Linley, & Joseph, 2008). Second, gratitude acts as a moral motivator, encouraging the repayment of aid (Tsang, 2006). Third, gratitude acts as a moral reinforcer, motivating people who have been thanked to give more aid in the future (Rind & Bordia, 1995). Taken together, the research suggests that gratitude has an important function in regulating fairness behaviors associated with giving and receiving with help, suggesting a possible evolutionary function of the emotion. Cheerfulness is way of conceptualizing sense of humor, which focuses on the emotional component and the playful, and non-serious character of humor (Howard Leventhal and Martin Safer, 1977) Trait cheerfulness is an affective trait or temperament involving a prevalence of cheerful mood. Recently Willibad Ruch and his colleagues have adopted this perspective in their investigation of trait cheerfulness, which they view as the temperamental basis sense of humor. In this view, individual differences in sense of humor are based on presumably innate, habitual differences in cheerfulness, seriousness and bad mood. Individuals who would typically be viewed as having a sense of humour would be those who are low on seriousness trait. Ruch and his colleagues constructed the trait form of the State-Trait Cheerfulnes Inventory (STCI-T) to assess individual differences in habitual cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood (Ruch, Kohler and Van Thriel, 1996). Different styles of humor may have to do with different combinations of the three traits. For example, an acerbic, caustic sense of humor might involve low seriousness, moderate cheerfulness, and high bad mood. On the other hand, people who are easily amused at others humor but not very witty themselves might be high on cheerfulness, low on bad mood, and relatively high on seriousness.

Since trait cheerfulness has been shown to be the predictor of robustness of positive mood in experimental studies, this construct also seems to be a potentially useful way of conceptualizing sense of humor as a trait that contributes to coping with stress and enhancing psychological health. As Ruch and Kohler suggested individuals who are high on trait cheerfulness may have a better psychological immune system, protecting them against the negative impact of annoyances and mishaps they meet in everyday life and enabling them to mishaps they meet in everyday life and enabling them to maintain good humor under adversity. This measure would therefore likely be useful in research on physical and mental health benefits of humor, particularly in the context of humor as resilience to psychosocial stress. Happiness is: both positive feelings (such as ecstasy and comfort) and positive activities that have no feeling component at all (such as absorption and engagement). In his happy life formula, Dr. Seligman defines a happy life as a life filled with positive feelings and activities. he says the degree to which you experience these feelings most of the time is your level of enduring happiness. Watkins, Grimm and Kolts (2004) suggested the hallmark of grateful persons is the appreciation of the simple things in life. Numerous studies have shown that personal gratitude contributes to subjective happiness (Emmons & Crumpler, 2000; McCullough et al., 2002; Peterson & Seligman, 2004). This was evidenced in a study that showed subjective happiness was increased simply by counting ones acts of kindness during the past week (Otake, Shimai, Tanaka-Matsumi, Otsui & Fredrickson, 2006). As an expression of gratitude, acts of kindness have been show to increase happiness over a 10-week period simply by engaging in kind acts such as holding the door for strangers or doing a roommates dishes (Tkach, 2005). Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and Schkade (2005) found that acts of kindness over time, as opposed to doing them all in one day, improved happiness levels. Such finding suggests that happiness can be boosted through sustained and intentional gratitudeoriented activities. Stress a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome, first described in 1936 by Hans Selye in the journal Nature. Gratitude research is beginning to suggest that feelings of thankfulness have tremendous positive value in helping people cope with daily problems, especially stress,"(Emmons, 2000) Recently, a concerted and broad-based effort was made to examine the impact of a full spectrum of character strengths regarding health and well-being (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). The endeavor revealed that gratitude is among the most beneficial character strengths due to its strong impact on well-being (Park, Peterson & Seligm Gratitude is typically comprised of appreciation, thankfulness, and a sense of wonder (Emmons & Shelton, 2002). It indicates that people can extract the most satisfaction and enjoyment from life events and facilitates positive experiences (Sheldon & Lyubomirsky, 2006). Positive emotions such as gratitude contribute to more favorable cognitive judgments of life-satisfaction and overall well-being (Diener & Larsen, 1993; Buss, 2000; Diener, 2000; Stack, Argyle & Schwarts, 1991; Suh, Diener, Oishi & Triandis, 1998) and experiencing or expressing those emotions have been shown to

further improve well-being and happiness (Fredrickson & Joiner, 2002). an, 2004). HYPOTHESES: a.) It is expected that there will be significant gender differences in cheerfulness, stress, happiness, health. b.) It is expected that there will be significant relationship between gratitude and cheerfulness, gratitude and stress, gratitude and happiness, gratitude and health. c.) It is expected in male subjects that there will be significant relationship between gratitude and cheerfulness, gratitude and stress, gratitude and happiness, gratitude and health, gratitude and cheerfulness. d.) It is expected in female subjects that there will be significant relationship between gratitude and stress, gratitude and happiness, gratitude and health. METHODOLOGY: The current study is designed to study the impact of gratitude in relation to gender differences on cheerfulness,stress,happiness,health. For this purpose, the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang, 2002) and the State-TraitCheerfulness Inventory for youth (Ruch, Kohler, and van Threil, 1996) and the Rating Scale (Fordyce et al 1999) and stress symptoms scale (Heilbrun $ Pepe 1985) is administered to the sample. The sample for the current investigation consists of 100 participants (where 50 are males and 50 are females) in the age group of 18-25 years. After the data for the 100 participants is collected, mean, standard deviation, t-test, correlation is used for statistical analysis of the results in order to determine the effect of gratitude in relation to gender differences on cheerfulness,stress,happiness,health. It is expected that there will be significant differences in cheerfulness, stress, happiness, health as influenced by gratitude, gender differences, and gratitude and gender differences combined. The results are depicted in a tabular manner and are discussed further. RESULTS: TABLE 1 showing MEAN values of males and females of all psycho-social variables of current study

MEAN Gratitude Cheerfulness Stress Happiness Health

FEMALES 30.92 23.68 32.64 7.9 7.6

MALES 29.4 23.14 30.28 9 6.8

TABLE 2: showing SD values of males and females of all psycho-social variables of current study

SD Gratitude Cheerfulness Stress Happiness Health

FEMALES 6.04 5.50 18.65 1.60 1.59

MALES 5.85 4.85 15.73 13.16 2.15

TABLE 3: showing t-values of all psycho-social variables of current study

t-test Gratitude Cheerfulness Stress Happiness Health 0.204 0.604 0.495 0.558 0.0373

TABLE 4: showing correlation in females and males of all psycho-social variables of current study

Correlation Gratitude and Cheerfulness Gratitude and Stress Gratitude and Happiness Gratitude and Health

FEMALES 0.328 - 0.209 0.266 0.304

MALES 0.334 - 0.150 0.472 0.201

TABLE 5: showing correlation of all subjects for all psycho-social variables of current study Co-relation Gratitude and Cheerfulness Gratitude and Stress Gratitude and Happiness Gratitude and Health Females and Males Combined 0.334 - 0.171 0.39 0.26

DISCUSSION: The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of gratitude on cheerfulness, stress, happiness and health in males and females. Table 1 shows MEAN values of males and females of all psychosocial variables of current study. Table 2 shows SD values of males and females of all psychosocial variables of current study. Table 3 shows t-values of all psycho-social variables of current study such as for Gratitude t-value is 0.204 which is insignificant, for cheerfulness t-value is 0.604 which again came out to be insignificant, for stress t-value is 0.495 which is insignificant, for happiness t-value is 0.204 which is insignificant, for health t-value is 0.0373 which is insignificant. But studies support hypothesis as Stan Pichinevskiy, Lamborghini Baily, (Dr. Philip Watkins) Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004 found that Gratitude to be strongly associated with happiness, and experimental studies have shown promising results suggesting that gratitude actually enhances well-being. Men tend to be more individualistic and independent than women; consequently there is reason to suspect that women may be more grateful than men. Women may be more receptive and hence grateful for others contributions to their lives, while men may believe that they have provided for themselves without the help of others. Table 4 show correlation values of all psychosocial variables of current study such as correlation value for gratitude and cheerfulness for females is 0.328 and for males is 0.334 which are significant shows that as gratitude increases cheerfulness also increases, correlation value for gratitude and stress for females is -0.209 and for males is -0.150 which are insignificant, correlation value for gratitude and happiness for females is 0.266 which is insignificant and for males is 0.472 which are significant shows that as gratitude increases happiness also increases, correlation value for gratitude and health for females is 0.304 and for males is 0.201 which is insignificant. The insignificant results are may be due to small sample but studies support hypothesis.

Table 5 shows correlation values of all psychosocial variables of current study such as correlation value for gratitude and cheerfulness for females and males is 0.334 which are significant shows that as gratitude increases cheerfulness also increases, correlation value for gratitude and stress for females and males is -0.171 which are insignificant, correlation value for gratitude and happiness for females and males is 0.392 which are significant shows that as gratitude increases happiness also increases, correlation value for gratitude and health for females and males is 0.262 which are significant shows that people who pay gratitude are more healthy. In a study, students were again assigned to either a grateful condition or a hassles condition, but a downward comparison condition was substituted for the events condition. For downward comparison, participants were asked to think of ways in which they were better off than others. In this second study, students recorded their responses daily, over a 2 -week period. Compared to students in the hassles and events condition, students in the grateful condition appeared to reap a number of well-being benefits. They reported being more grateful, said they felt better about life in general; experienced more positive emotions; reported fewer negative emotions, and were optimistic about the future. In the 10-week study, students also reported fewer health problems and increases in both the amount and quality of sleep experienced. Perhaps because of the short duration, health benefits were not found in the 2-week daily diary study (Emmons and McCullough, 2003). In another study, adult participants with neuromuscular diseases were recruited through a university neuromuscular disease clinic. Participants kept daily diaries for 21 days and were associated to either a grateful condition or a no-manipulation condition in which only the well-being measures were completed. Reports from spouses or significant others were also gathered to help validate the self-reports of participants. Results showed that, compared to the no-manipulation group, participants assigned to the grateful condition reported higher overall subjective wellbeing, more optimistic views of the future, more frequent positive emotions, a reduction in negative emotions, more sleep, sleep of improved quality, and a stronger sense of connection to others. These changes were corroborated by the reports of others who saw improved well-being among participants in the grateful condition, as compared to participants in the no-manipulation condition (Emmons and McCullough, 2003). This assumption is supported by Wood, Joseph and Linley (2007) as well as Peterson and Seligman (2004) who believe that grateful people view the world as a nicer and more pleasant place. Consequently, people who are grateful may experience less inhibition, suspicion and resistance to their environments and more active and constructive problem solving which may act as a buffer against the development of different types of psychopathology. Moreover, Walkins, Woodward, Stone and Kolts (2003) found a link between gratitude and negative affect: the higher the gratitude that people experienced the less sadness and hopelessness they reported. This finding constitutes a further support of the underlying assumption of the study that character strengths, in this case gratitude, are able to act as a protective mechanism against psychological difficulties and disorders. However, a question of the chicken and egg still remains and it seems

impossible to know if life satisfaction is developing out of peoples gratitude and appreciation of things or vice versa. This is further supported by a study of American and Japanese young adults (Shimai, Otake, Park, Peterson & Seligman, 2006) where gratitude among other character strengths was found to be associated with happiness. Coping style was found to be a better mediator in the relationship between gratitude and stress than it was between gratitude and life satisfaction (Wood, Joseph & Linley, 2007). It seems that the positive coping style of grateful people explains more of the reduced negative affect such as stress than it does of the positive affect such as increased happiness. This finding is in opposition to the previous findings of Peterson and Seligman. However, it is possible that there are different mechanisms which operate to both enhance the well being of grateful people as well as reduce their negative emotions. Although coping style is not the primary mechanism that directly relates gratitude to life satisfaction, it certainly pulls in the right direction by indirectly buffering potential psychopathology. Most of the work with gratitude journals to date has involved adults, Froh, Sefick, and Emmons (2008) recently conducted the first study examining the positive effects of counting blessings in middle level students and found similarly positive results. Specifically, they found that counting blessings was associated with enhanced selfreported gratitude, optimism, and life satisfaction as well as decreased negative emotions among students who kept gratitude journals in comparison to students who did not. Recent research has demonstrated that numerous benefits can be gained by experiencing and expressing gratitude. For example, those who frequently feel and express gratitude appear to enjoy their work more, to be more optimistic and energetic, to make progress toward personal goals, and to be more likely to help or support others than individuals who do not experience gratitude (Emmons & McCullough, 2004). Children who are grateful have more positive attitudes toward their families and school (Froh, Sefick, & Emmons, 2008). The practice of gratitude may also be useful for decreasing materialism, particularly effortful one that requires a certain level of inner reflection and introspection (Miller, 2006). As shown by the second F value of .316, the impact of gender is not significant on cheerfulness, and hence, the second hypothesis is not accepted. Previous studies also show that there are no significant gender differences in cheerfulness (Ruch, Koehler, and van Threil, 1996) though women are encouraged to express cheerfulness related behaviour such as smiling and warmth (Berryman, Ockleford, and Howells, 2006). The third F value is 5.172, which is significant at the 0.05 level. Thus, the third hypothesis is accepted which shows that gratitude and gender, when combined, have a significant impact on cheerfulness. REFERENCES: Emmons, R. A. (2007). Thanks! How the new science of gratitude can make you happier. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin. Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An

empirical investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377-389. Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2004). The psychology of gratitude. New York: Oxford University Press. Emmons, R.A. & Crumpler, C.A. (2000). Gratitude as Human Strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 56-69. Retrieved on 8 March, 2009, from Psychology and behavioral sciences collection database. Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 145-166). New York: Oxford University Press. McComb, D., Watkins, P., & Kolts, R. (2004, May). Personality predictors of happiness: The importance of gratitude. Presentation to the 84th Annual Convention of the Western Psychological Association, Phoenix, AZ. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 167-192). New York: Oxford University Press. Ruch, W. & Khler, G. (1998). A temperament approach to humor. In: W. Ruch (Ed.), The Sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 203-230. Ruch, W. & Khler, G. (1999). The measurement of state and trait cheerfulness. In: I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt and F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, 7, 67-83.Tilburg University Press, Ruch, W., Khler, G. & van Thriel (1996). Assessing the "humorous temperament": Construction of the facet and standard trait forms of the State-Trait-CheerfulnessInventory STCI. In W. Ruch (Ed.), Measurement of the sense of humor [special issue]. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 9, 303-339. Watkins, P. C. (2004). Gratitude and subjective well-being. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. Watkins, P. C., Martin, B. D., Faulkner, G. (2003, May). Are grateful people happy people? Informant judgments of grateful acquaintances. Presentation to the 83rd Annual Convention of the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Watkins, P.C., Woodward, K., Stone T., & Kolts, R.L., (2003). Gratitude and Happiness: Development of a Measure of Gratitude, and Relationships with Subjective Well-being. Social Behavior and Personality, 31(5), 431-452. Retrieved on 15 March, 2009, from Psychology and behavioral sciences collection database.

FEMALES
GRATITUDE 31 28 42 29 34 33 35 30 28 28 30 35 39 28 14 20 26 21 36 31 31 41 29 30 28 33 36 35 24 27 38 27 31 31 33 22 39 22 32 37 39 38 27 28 33 38 19 30 31 39 CHEERFULNESS 15 22 18 23 20 26 23 32 27 29 22 23 32 14 20 18 24 20 32 19 27 26 15 23 27 30 28 24 26 27 42 28 27 22 24 25 28 24 23 19 25 22 16 15 17 22 13 27 24 29 STRESS 30 53 5 63 46 63 19 7 14 29 26 41 44 69 59 50 55 46 20 8 48 43 97 33 19 20 16 17 10 16 29 20 27 61 24 25 17 30 15 42 31 39 24 24 26 33 37 19 19 24 HAPPINESS 10 7 9 8 7 8 9 10 8 9 6 9 8 9 9 8 5 7 8 7 6 8 8 3 9 10 8 8 9 6 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 8 8 8 9 1 9 8 7 HEALTH 9 6 8 7 8 8 8 10 8 9 8 7 8 9 8 5 5 5 8 8 2 9 9 5 8 9 7 8 9 5 7 8 9 7 8 7 9 4 9 8 9 7 9 9 9 8 6 9 8 7

MALES GRATITUDE 30 34 26 18 27 34 31 36 29 31 27 25 20 32 12 39 31 24 28 36 29 25 18 32 33 30 29 31 31 34 27 20 31 30 33 35 29 19 27 22 38 33 39 36 33 39 27 32 28 30

CHEERFULNESS 32 20 23 12 24 23 20 23 32 26 19 31 16 26 20 23 27 24 20 14 18 20 15 26 23 27 21 24 24 20 24 18 19 23 30 23 30 23 23 13 27 25 22 17 28 28 25 29 27 30

STRESS 7 19 17 55 30 10 46 30 25 15 9 22 49 10 2 28 33 35 36 53 56 57 32 40 28 44 54 19 39 17 59 50 8 33 20 41 63 20 41 37 16 25 39 26 17 16 33 20 16 17

HAPPINESS 10 9 8 1 7 9 4 8 8 8 9 9 4 7 2 8 9 7 5 8 9 9 7 9 10 8 6 8 8 8 7 8 7 3 10 6 6 1 6 8 9 8 8 8 4 6 8 8 8 9

HEALTH 9 8 8 3 5 8 6 9 7 7 5 9 4 6 1 4 8 8 9 0 8 9 9 5 9 5 8 8 9 5 5 8 5 9 7 7 6 5 9 7 9 9 7 6 6 9 4 7 9 7

FEMALES SR.N O NAME AG E EDUCATIONA L LEVEL What are three What are three main sources main sources for for happiness in stress for you? life? Working hard,positive results,making others happy. Desires fulfilled, meeting friends,talking. Irritating talks,lies,meeting people I dont like. Relationship, Future,job.

Ramandee p Kaur

23

Graduation

Ruby

24

Graduation

3 4 5

Harneet kaur Lavleen kaur Aayna

20 20 21

Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation

Being with my Exams,fight loved ones, parents,

with

Being close to When people lie to nature me, ill health,

Pursuing post- Mother, sister, Monetary graduation education, difficulties, university. inability to get mixed up with people, misunderstanding M.Sc My job, Fights in family, parents,friends Monetary difficulties Family, friends, When people lie to loved ones. me, ill health,take undue advantage of me. Being with Exams,illness, family, friends, misunderstanding job. My Pets, Feeling, parents,friends sickness. Helping others,family, friends. lonely,

Aarcy

25

Jamanna chawla

20

Pursuing graduation

Avni rekhi

18

B.Sc-1

9 10

Devanshi Supreet

20 20

Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation

Bad health,exams, things do not happen my way

11

Kriti bhardwaj

19

People that Restlessness,not makes me able to complete happy, talking my work,

helplessness. 12 Kritika garg 20 Pursuing graduation Happy people When my brother around me, irritateds me,not family, friends. able to complete my work,scolded from m mother. Close to nature, helping someone, success Incomplete work,bad health,hectic schedule

13

Akahi chawla

20

Pursuing graduation

14

Shreya

20

Pursuing graduation

Friends peace Emotional of mind, family. behaviour, misunderstanding, education. Being with Studies, small children, carreer. family ,friends. projects,

15

Shalini

22

Pursuing graduation

16

Usha sharma

21

Pursuing post Watching tv, Pressure of graduation films, surfing. projects,mothers health dental problem. Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Shopping, Exams,quarrels roaming with with friends,these friends,surfing kind of test. When free from Interference in all tensions and life,arguments, problems in misunderstandings life. When I am with Hostel, studies, my family, acquaintances. friends,surfing

17

Priyanka

20

18

Mandeep kaur

20

19

Ramandee 20 p kaur Rana Kadambri Praveen 22 21

Pursuing graduation

20 21

Pursuing post General things, Studies, too much graduation family friends sleeping,hostel Pursuing post Being with Workhood, graduation family,sleeping, boredom, surfing relationship. Pursuing graduation Smile on face of my dear ones, dineer with family friends, Misunderstanding, difficulties in life of dear ones, tears in ones eyes.

22

Ravleen kohli

22

sleeping. 23 Sukhneet 22 Pursuing post Satisfaction, Studies,unfulfilled graduation peace of mind, wishes, work family. stress. Pursuing post Peace of mind, Studies loneliness, graduation sleeping, boredom. shopping. Pursuing post When I get Exam stress, work graduation what I want, stress, life shopping, problems. surfing. Pursuing post Being with Health, time graduation friends, good management, food, enjoy surfing. upto the fullest. Pursuing post Music, friends, Tension, emotions, graduation family, books. hypocracy. Ph.D Success through hard music, food. Job adjustment, not my able to take work, decision,unplannin good g.

24

Sukhmaan

22

25

Chetna

22

26

Anu

22

27 28

Sweena Anuradha

22 25

29

Sugandha sood Komalpre et

22

Pursuing post Friends, Exam anxiety, graduation shopping, good eating habits, food. parental pressure. Pursuing graduation To produce Exams, eating something habits, creative, expectations. friends, family.

30

22

31 32

Rajwinder kaur Lakhveer

23 22

Pursuing post Money, study, Work load, health graduation parents. problems,exams. Pursuing post To be with my graduation loved ones,selftalk,listening music. Pursuing post When I achieve graduation my goal, traveling, shopping. When my loved ones are not happy,my laziness, lack of concentration. When some work not able to do,crying,someone says wrong things about me.

33

Richa Jain

22

34

Ranjana

25

Pursuing post I enjoy Academic, graduation everything in exam. life. Pursuing graduation.

work,

35

Neelam

22

When I spent Exam stress, work time with my stress, traffic friends,shoppin stress. g, music. Exams, lies. betrayal,

36 37

Nikita Astha

21 21

Pursuing post Shopping, graduation traveling, party. Pursuing post Shopping, graduation traveling, party. Pursuing graduation. Family,friends, achievement.

Lies,excessive work, lack enjoyment.

of

38

Tanvi pal

21

Emotional tension, fight despair, unhappy environment.

39 40

Pooja Mitika

22 21

Pursuing post Spending time Study, job, friends. graduation with children. Pursuing post Meditation, Time management, graduation seeing people busy schedule. contented. Senior secondary. M.Sc Family,friends, shopping. When I help someone, smile on face of others. Studies, friends. career,

41 42

Sonali Savita jain

19 22

When someone is unhappy because of me,when I dont finish my work, pressure of work.

43

Gunnet

23

Pursuing post Talking graduation someone, chating, surfing.

to Workload, friends, health of my mother.

44

Rekha

22

Pursuing post Money, study, Exam anxiety, graduation parents. eating habits, parental pressure Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Senior Money and love Exams exams. Being with Exams loved ones. My praise, Bad interpersonal exams

45 46 47

Sheena Jotika Antima

20 21 25

secondary

good attitude, relationship, my helpful someone crosses nature. his limits, someone loosing in life. Save happy Cheaters, movements. aggressive person, fighting. Some happy Bad interpersonal movements. relationship, someone criticizes in working area, someone loosing in life.

48

Dipika

24

G.N.M diploma

49

Pooja

24

G.N.M diploma

50

Raminder

23

Pursuing post Ability to make Physical ailment, graduation others happy. inability to achieve set goals, foul practice being practice d by people around.

MALES SR.N O 1 NAME AG E 24 EDUCATION AL LEVEL What are three What are three main sources for main sources for happiness in life? stress for you?

Ramandee p singh

Pursuing post When I spend my Future, exams, graduation time with my present clinical college friends and instructure job. family members. Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Friends, music family, Books, study, misunderstandin g. classes, exams,

Manikaran 22

3 4

Man singh Simarjit singh Vikas

22 23

My girlfriend, Exam, chating, classes money Books, classes.

Master in my engineering. girlfriend,family, friends. Pursuing graduation Achievements.

19

When I broke someone trust, when I waste time, when I do something which I dont want to do.

Vishal

19

Pursuing graduation

My family Studies, excess happiness, helping wondering others. unnecessarily,m y crush. Frients, parents, Studies,girls, enjoyment with money. family. When my mom is Studies,girls, happy. money Happiness of my Deviation from family. normal routine, trust is broken, hurting someone. Achievement,surfi ng, traveling. Studies, health, money.

Gunjan pal singh Harwinder singh Krishan kadyan

20

Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation

8 9

19 19

10 11

Sumit Manjinder singh

22 23

Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation

When my own Party work, party(pusu) wins, education,talkin

meeting people. 12 Abhi garg 18 Pursuing graduation

g to girl.

Love, friends,my My girlfriend goal to be IAS mistakes,study, officer. traffic rules, terrorist attacks. sir jaave ta jaave Prayer to god, mera sikhi sidak na why clubs jave growing and gurudwaras shrinking, why it hard to pray but easy to swear. Getting good Studies,quarrel marks in exams. with friends, parties as what to wear. Happy School, exams, environment, homework. playstations video games. chating, Waiting,financia l troubles, troubled relationships. friends, Workload, others health problems,exam stress. poor Study, helping meaningful person, ignorance. Uncertainty, economic condition, education. Exams, work stress, waiting Exam,traffic, boredom Workload, poor school

13

Amitoj singh

19

Pursuing graduation

14

Baljeet singh

20

Pursuing graduation

15

Saksham

20

Pursuing graduation

16

Rohit

22

Pursuing post Praying, graduation friends.

17

Raman

23

Pursuing post Making graduation making happy. Pursuing post Helping graduation person, needy. MPhil

18

Raman gupta

20

19

Rahul

24

Meeting people.

20 21 22

Nakul Shikhar Ronik

22 23 26

Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Post graduate

Friends,family, music. Friends,chating, facebook. Childrens happiness

performance of my childhood. 23 Ravi 21 Graduate Peace of mind. Loneliness, work stress, unfulfilled wishes.

24 25

Ankit Sahil

20 23

Graduate Post graduate

Good company, Negativity, achievement. obstacles in life. Partying, music. Lack of concentration, laziness. Exams, uncertainty, financial conditions. Ignorance, fight with friends,negative response.

26

Ankush

21

Graduate

Photography, watching nature.

27

Inder

22

Post graduate

Helping others.

28

Rajinder

26

Pursuing doctrate

Meeting people, Lack of friends, making concentration, others happy. exams.

29

Aman

23

Pursuing post Family, friends, Tension,unhapp graduation achievement. y environment, fights Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Under graduation Smile on face of Misunderstandin dear ones. g, difficulties in life, studies. Friends, music. chating, Exams, girls. books,

30

Rakesh

21

31 32

Gaganpree 19 t singh Harshveer singh 19

My parents smile.

Someone cheats me, hate loyal person, hate the love.

33

Kulwant singh

25

Graduate

Eating lot with my Fatigue from friends. job, waking up early morning, maintenance of vehicle. Doing good in life. Fighting, wrong decisions,

34

Sukhwind er singh

25

post graduation

cheating me. 35 Sunny 23 Post graduation

with

I enjoy everything Exams, fight in life. with parents, relationships. Talking to Lies, excessive someone, chatting, work, lack of surfing. enjoyment.

36

Rajinder

20

Pursuing graduation

37

Nitin

22

Pursuing post Outing with Work stress, graduation friends, with future, projects family, making others happy. Pursuing graduation Pursuing graduation Love, girlfriend, Exams, books, partying. interference. Paying gratitude Health, time for things in life, management, reading spiritual surfing. books, meditation. Reading, eating. surfing, Exams, lies, relationships. Work stress, overload, to be patience.

38 39

Nitish Adytia

20 21

40 41

Avril Yogesh

24 25

Post graduate Pursuing doctorate Senior secondary Pursuing doctorate

Traveling, adventurous games.

42

Mohit

19

Going for dinner Failure in life, with family, terrorist attacks, girlfriend, friends. bad news. Driving different Work overload, cars, trying betrayal, lies. different food, playing games. Music, watching Project tv, new research. exams. works,

43

Gaurav

22

44 45

Manoj Sanjeev

24 20

Post graduate Pursuing doctorate

Desires fulfilled, Health meeting friends, problems, chatting. misunderstandin g, philosophical talks. My Pets, parents, Exams, traffic, friends doctors. Friends, peace of Relationship,

46 47

Manoj Sandeep

18 26

Senior secondary Post graduate

mind, family. 48 Ramnik 25 Post graduate

Future,job

Roaming around, Irritating talking to my dear talks,lies,meetin ones, facebook. g people I dont like.

49

Deepak

22

Pursuing post Having true friends Relationships, graduation easy going life, boredom, true relationships. loneliness. Pursuing post Love, graduation relationships, meeting people. Loneliness, work stress, unfulfilled wishes.

50

Ishan

23

THE

IMPACT

OF

GRATITUDE

ON

CHEERFULNESS, STRESS, HAPPINESS HEALTH IN MALES AND FEMALES.

AND

Submitted by: Yashu Bansal Submitted to: Dr. Meena Sehgal MA Semester 3 Department of psychology Punjab university, Chandigarh