Two brothers

November 2011 5th Donghyun Koo Block D

Problems for the brothers.

Civil war quotes

"A rich man's war and a poor man's fight..." Southern opposition slogan, in The Civil War by Shelby Foote
2

"A chicken could not live on that field when we open on it." Porter Alexander, commander of Longstreet's artillery battalion, at Fredericksburg, Virginia, December, 1862
3 Continued on Page 5

TABLE OF CONTENT

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ORDER OF CONTENT

ORDER
Section 1 - Readying for War -Brief summery of the resources and preparation that the Union and Confederate side went through before the actual war occurred. Section 2 - Commanders and Conflict Generals, Robert E.Lee, Albert S. Johnston, Lewis A. Armistead Battles of Gettysburg, Shiloh, and 1st Battle of Bull Run Section 3 - Americans During the Civil War Conditions in which the Soldiers had to endure during the war Women, Africans during the War Section 4 - The Aftermath of the Civil War Effects of the War Total cost of the War Reconstruction and its failure Section 5 - Biblography

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NORTH VS SOUTH
On paper, superior in the union was every single

confederates. There were approximately 21 million people living in the North, while only 9 million, including 3.5 million slaves, in the South. However despite, this setback the confederates had an equal or sometimes greater sized army in the first years of the war. This was because both sides of the army, were widely comprised of volunteers from the states. It was during the civil war, that the old lottery method of electing and forming an army proved ineffective because many of the rich people elected to fight the war, just paid poor people to avoid fighting.
UnionConfederatesTotal

SECTION 1: READYING FOR WAR

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Exploration of the preparation and resources of Confederates

Population221000009100000Free Population2170000005600000Sold iers21000001064000Railroad length35064km14223kmIndustrial production90%10%Firearm production97%3%Shoe, Cloth production90-94%6-10%Luckily for the confederates though, they were not completely scarce of resources. Although they were no match to the Union in any single aspect, the South were selfsufficient in their agriculture. They were also starting to build up factories, and mills to set the foundation for their own industrial productions. Apart from that the South possessed many experienced generals and military leaders that have already gone through other wars and led them, for example the Mexican War. Such generals including, Robert. E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, already possessed rOBERT E.of experience before the plenty lee Robert war Lee, was On confederate civil E. occurred. a the other military officerUnionwas debatablynot hand the that army did the most qualified generals of the entire possess a noteworthy general or war. Born in Stratford Hall, Virginia, commander. The Union generals Lee graduated from a military college. including General Sheridan, Grant, Before the American Civilwere all War, he Sherman and Hooker took part in the the theme of war. relatively new to Mexican-American War and the Harpers Ferry Raid. Perhaps the greatest During these wars and battles, he was advantage that the South

leadership the South was fighting to fact that capabilities led him to snatch victories that were deemed to defend their own territory while bethe North had to conquer new impossible. Upon the outbreak of fighting for land. The South were the civil war, Lee was hired to command Virginias their independence while the force, but as fighting to become a North was the Confederate army formed, he was named one a more5 union. It was obviously of the PAGE generals to lead the nation intoand difficult task to win, conquer the battle. the country than to simply unite During the Civil War, Lee defend your own territory. led and participated in many battles including the Battle of Gettysburg, Seven Days Battles, Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of the Wilderness, Battle of antietam and the Second Battle of Bull Run.
ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON

SECTION 2: COMMANDERS AND CONFLICTS 4

COMPOSITION OF CONFEDERATE ARMY

Albert Sidney Johnston, was a confederate officer that was most influential to the confederate army before the emergence of Robert.E Lee. Born in Washington, Kentucky, Johnston spent most of his life in Texas, where he considered to be home. He was also a West Point graduate that participated in the Black Hawk War, Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War and the Utah War before the Civil War. With his charismatic looks, he quickly moved up the rank of the army after joining the Texas Army as a private in 1834. Upon the outbreak of the civil war, Johnston resigned as the commander of the U.S army in California to join and aid Texas. Unlike Robert. E Lee, Johnston was not able to participate in many battles and help the confederates win because he was killed in one of the earliest battles that he led during the Civil War, the Battle of Shiloh. Confederate President Jefferson Davis described his loss, as the turning point of the war, as they soon found themselves engaged in a prolonged war that would better suit the Northern Union.
LEWIS ADDISON ARMISTEAD

Lewis Addison Armistead was a confederate officer during the civil war that was instrumental in capturing a number of victories over

Carolina, Armistead attended the United States Military Academy but soon left as a result of conflicts with BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG other students and academic The Battle of Gettysburg, is difficulties. probably the Civil War, Armistead the most Before remembered battle during the participated in many wars and American Civil War. the battles, including MexicanResult : Union victory American War and the Mohave War. Statistics Upon the outbreak of the civil war, unIONCONFEDERATESCom he left his town army to join the manderGeorge G. confederate army. During this War, he MeadeRobert. E participated and led many battles including the Battle of Seven Pines, LeeStrength93,92171,699Killed Seven Days Battles, Battle of 31554708Wounded145311269 Fredericksburg and Battle of 3Missing53695830Total Gettysburg where he was fatally Casulties2305523231Informati wounded and eventually killed. on
TitleEXPLANATIONCause of battleAfter victory at Chancellorsville, the confederate army had high spirits and expectations and therefore thought that they could finish off the war by invading the North.

SECTION 2 CONTINUATION

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THE ENGAGEMENTS

WhereAdams PennsylvaniaDateJuly,

County, 1863.

What Happened? The Battle of Gettysburg was a 3 day battle that produced the highest number of casualties during the civil war. At first, the South seemed to be winning as the North retreated, but with the greater numbers, the North held their defense, despite countless amounts of casualties. On the last day of the Battle, there was a dramatic infantry assault by the confederates where 12500 men engaged in the Picketts Charge where they practically sprinted to the union army. This caused many deaths and the South was eventually forced to retreat back to Virginia. Effects: After this battle, the Southerners were exhausted in the amount of resources they could use for the rest of the war. In a sense, this was the turning point of the war, as the

VS

the rapid army replacement of the North.

SECTION 2 CONTINUATION
BATTLE OF SHILOH Numbers

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ENGAGEMENTS
UnionConfederatesStrength

6681244699Killed17541728Wo unded84088012Missing288595 9Total Casulties1304710699Facts

UnionconfederatesCommander

Ulysses S. Grant Don Carlos BuellAlbert Sidney Johnston 6, P.G.T BeauregardDateApril 1862April 7, County,

1862ResultUnion VictoryLocationHardin TennesseeCause : The Battle of Shiloh was caused because after continued losses at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, both sides of the war needed to reorganize their troops. So using this timing, Grant launched a surprise attack up the Tennessee River.

What Happened? The Battle of Shiloh, was a 2 day battle that initially brought some success to the Confederates who attacked, but eventually the Union army were able to hold their defense and successfully achieve a victory. In this battle influential Confederate commander and general Albert Sidney Johnston died.

Visualization of the battle

Effects: As a result of this victory, the Union army was able to secure their position on the fronts of the Western boarder, which in return gave them an advantage for the rest of the war, thus allowing them to win the war.

SECTION 2 CONTINUATION

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ENGAGEMENTS

1ST BATTLE OF BULLRUN Numbers

uNIONCONFEDERATESStren

gth28000-350003200034000Killed460387Wounded11 241582Missing131213Facts
UnionConfederatesCommander

Irvin McdowellJoseph E. Johnston P.G.T BeauregardResultConfederate VictoryLocationFairfax Prince William county, county, Effects: Because of the fact that it was one of the first battles fought in the war, this war reflected to both sides how bloody this war was going to be. This battle showed the North that the war was not going to be an easy war that they could sleep their way through.

VirginiaDateJuly 21, 1861

Cause: The First Battle of Bull Run was caused when the union army became offensive and tried to attack the confederates. AFRICAN AMERICANS They were out-massed and eventually they lost.

The African Americans took

respective nation into victory and losses. Despite racism and prejudices that existed, African Americans in most cases, in the union, were promised an opportunity for freedom if they participated in the war. In the confederate states however, they were often just forced to fight because of the numerical disadvantage that they had. They often did the most dangerous or unpleasant jobs "Once let the black man get upon his because of racism and person the brass letters, U.S., men get prejudice that the white let him an eagle on hisbut nevertheless, on possessed, button, and a musket his shoulder andvital in in his pockets, their role was bullets providing and great isbulkpowerthe earth which can a there no to on nations deny that he has earned the right to force.

SECTION 2 CONTINUATION

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Minority Groups

citizenship in the United States." - Frederick Douglass

WOMEN Although it may not seem like it women played a vital role during the civil war. Some women secretly disguised their gender and enlisted themselves in the army to fight for their country. Apart from that an estimated 3000 women held positions as nurses. At first, men were reluctant to have women nursing. One famous women during the civil war was Clara Barton. She later on became the founder of the Red-Cross organization. During the war however, she nursed wounded soldiers and assisted soldiers medical operations on the battlefield. In addition to that, because many men were forced to leave their workplace and fight the war, women began to fill in those kinds of positions and became a dominant force in society. Although it was mostly upper class educated men that

showed that women were becoming more and more dominant as a result of the war.

SECTION 3: AMERICANS DURING THE CIVIL WAR PAGE9 In conclusion, it was

becoming more and more clear that America as a whole was becoming more and more wAR CONDITIONS tolerant to their the confederate minorities. The camp life for Immigrants, slaves, a result of and army was horrible. As women were beginning toand the poor transportation show that they are capable of communication system installed being just like white-men. soldiers by the government, many had to endure days without any food or water. Even when they were victorious, they did not receive any benefits from the government. Consequently their Maecenas pulvinar sagittis enim. survival rate was very low. At the end of the war, it is estimated that 20% of the Southern White men died as a direct result of the Civil War. Boredom arose as a direct result of prolonged hours of nothingness and starvation. They began to gamble, drink and visit prostitutes to alleviate their stress. In addition to that most men became homesick after years on the battlefield. Especially for the confederate army that lacked man power, many men were forced to stay until their death or the end of the war. Soldiers spent the majority of their time writing letters and waiting to receive a reply.

Rhoncus tempor placerat.

The pictures illustrated above shows that men were not present in most family gatherings or at home. Most jobs were done by the female head of the family.

at Home

As for the people left behind, mainly women, African-Americans and other immigrants, they were forced to work and supply the need for the battlefields. The confederate army recruited about 1250000 men, while the union army recruited around 2500000 men. Because this was such a vital

daughters, wives and slaves were forced to do work that they would not necessarily do. Many women took up jobs as factory workers, clerks and school teachers.

SECTION 4: THE AFTERMATH OF THE CIVIL WAR PAGE10

EFFECTS There were so many immediate and long-term consequences of the American Civil War, that it would practically be impossible to list out all of them. But here are some of the major ones. 1. Numbers
uNIONCONFEDERATESKilled(in

EFFECTS + RECONSTRUCTIONS

battle)14041472524Killed(disease, starvation,etc)365000260000Wounded 275200137000Emancipation Proclamation

Although the Emancipation Proclamation was declared prior to the end of the war, it was only after the war that the border states and those located in previous confederate territory Economy became free-states by (in million in 1860 law.dollars money)UnionconfederatesGovernmentto Despite efforts promote equality by the expenditures23021032Physical Northern states, the destruction-1487Loss of human Southern states still capital1064767Decline in resented the African consumption11496190Emancipation Americans, and openly effects1960Cotton blamed the entireprice civil war Cost them. They on effects1670Total of Civil PURPOSE & FAILURE passed laws such as the War58464515 The purpose of the black codes and Reconstruction Era after the organized clans to go American Civil War, was to against the blacks such unite the country and put down as the KKK. a solid foundation for the Nations economic and social well-being. Most, if not

Reconstruction efforts were towards the South, because the South did not have a very strong industrial or manufacturing foundation. Unfortunately, despite many hopes and beliefs, the Reconstruction Era for the Confederates was difficult and bitter and in return only caused more animosity and resentment towards the North. In addition to that the Radical Republicans of the North, wanted to punish the South more than aid them so, to sum up, the Reconstruction failed.

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RECONSTRUCTION

BETTER SOLUTION A perhaps better solution that would not have caused more hatred and animosity between the North and the South would have been to temporarily suggest to the Southerners to migrate to the North in search for factory or industrial jobs. This in return could have benefited the South because these people could learn and imitate it in the South.

CHRONOLOGICAL TIMELINE 1865 - 13th Amendment approved. Abolished slavery in country Mississippi enacts Black Codes 1866 - 14th Amendment to the constitution approved by congress 1867 - 1st, 2nd and 3rd Reconstruction Act passed over by Johnstons veto

becomes first Black Quotes of the Civil War. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://cwquotes.blogspot.com/>. representative to speak in the house "Strengths and Weaknesses: North vs. South [ushistory.org]." Ushistory.org. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < 1870 - 15th Amendment PAGE ratified. Gave vote to all male http://www.ushistory.org/us/33b.asp>. citizens regardless of color or previous servitude. Civil War History - Cost Of The American Civil War | What It Costs." Historical | What It Costs. 1865, April. "American 1871 - 2 black members in Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://historical.whatitcosts.com/facts-us-civil-war-pg2.htm>. House of Representative "Robert Edward Lee Biography." The American Civil War Home Page. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < http://www.civilwarhome.com/leebio.htm>. "General Lewis A. Armistead." Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://pw1.netcom.com/~buck1755/lewarm.htm>. "Albert S. Johnston Biography." The American Civil War Home Page. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < http://www.civilwarhome.com/ASJohnston.htm>. "Battle of Gettysburg." The History Place. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/battle.htm>. "Description of the Battle of Shiloh." The American Civil War Home Page. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < http://www.civilwarhome.com/shilohdescription.htm>. "The First Battle of Bull Run, 1861." EyeWitness to History - History through the Eyes of Those Who Lived It. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bullrun.htm>. "Black Soldiers in the Civil War." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/>. "Women of the American Civil War Era." American Civil War History Timelines Battle Map Pictures. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < http://americancivilwar.com/women/women.html>.

SECTION 5: BIBLIOGRAPHY

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SECTION 5: BIBLIOGRAPHY

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"U.S. Civil War Effects on People: Primary Sources." Kentucky Educational Television: Explore Kentucky. Explore the World. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://www.ket.org/civilwar/primary.html>. "Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)." National Museum of American History. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. < http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/timeline/pres_era/3_656.html>. "Civil War and Reconstruction." Mr. Burnett's Classroom. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://www.mrburnett.net/civilwar.html>. All Images were licensed for usage thus will not include in this section.

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