OS at C-DIT

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
The
purpose of organizational study is to familiarize with the setup and functioning of
various departments of an organization. This study provides an opportunity to expose the students to an industry / organization and its operational conditions. This study helped the students to create practical awareness. The organizational study undertaken as a part of the curriculum was done at Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT), Kayamkulam. Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) is an organization established in 1988 by the government of Kerala for advancement of research, development and training in imaging technology with an implied role in socially relevant science and development communication. This report consists of a detailed study of the history of the company, product profile, organizational hierarchy, various departments and their functioning etc. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To get an organizational exposure. To study the vision, mission and corporate objectives. To familiarize with the organizational structure and functions of various departments. To understand how the theoretical aspects are put into practice in the organization. To analyze the strength and weakness of the company. To conduct Environmental analysis. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY Research methodology is a science. It is a method that can be used to solve the research problem .Research methodology has many dimensions and research method is only a part of it. So the scope of research methodology is wider than that of research methods. Research methodology deals with the objective of a research study, the method of defining the research problem, the type of hypothesis formulated the type data collected, methods used to collecting and analyzing the data etc. This report was prepared on the basis of primary and secondary data collection.
Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor
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Data collection Primary data - Primary data for the study was collected from informal interview and discussions with team leaders, department heads, other managerial staff and workers etc. Secondary data - Secondary data was collected from supplements, annual reports, websites, departmental guidelines etc.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY The intention of the study was to gain firsthand experience of the structure and functioning of the organization. It enables one to understand the practical constraints faced while putting the theory into practice. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY It has chances of biased opinion from the employees. The busy schedule of the team leaders, department heads etc, restricted collection of detailed information. The company is not ready to give all the details because some data are confidential. Due to paucity of time, a detailed study could not be done.
CHAPTERISATION Chapter I: Introduction Introduction Objectives Methodology Scope of study Limitation Chapterisation
Chapter II: Industry profile Chapter III: Company profile History Page 2
Organization chart Strategic Intend Products
Chapter IV: Departmental profile C-DIT has 14 teams working under four divisions; Information systems division; 1) Web services team (WST) 2) Open source technology team (OST) 3) Software engineering team (SET) Technical extension and image processing division 4) Optical image processing team (OIP) 5) Technology extension team (TET) 6) Communication training team (CTT) E-Governance and Research development division; 7) E-Governance Team 8) Research and Development Team (R&D) 9) Computational Linguistic Team (CLT) Visual Communication Division; 10) Advertisement Film Team (AFT) 11) Video Documentary Team (VDT) 12) Sutharykeralam and News Services (SK&NS) 13) Educational Informatics and New Media Team (EI&NM) 14) CyberSri
In addition to the above divisions, C-DIT has; Purchase and Store Department Administration Department Finance and Accounts Department Legal Department
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Chapter V: Environmental analysis SWOT analysis PESTEL analysis
Chapter VI: PORTERS 5 FORCE MODEL Chapter VII: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS Findings Suggestions Conclusion
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CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

INDUSTRY PROFILE + given that it has become an essential element of the infrastructure underpinning competitive economies. Encouraging signs of recovery have appeared in early 2010 in many countries across the world, spearheaded by emerging markets such as China and India, which achieved healthy GDP growth rates in 2009. The US information technology (IT) industry includes about 120,000 establishments (single-location companies and branches of multi-location companies) with combined annual revenue of about $250 billion. Major companies include Computer Science Corporation (CSC), Unisys, and the technology consulting arms of IBM and Hewlett-Packard. The computer facilities management segment of the industry is highly concentrated: the 50 largest companies hold more than 80 percent of the market. Competitive landscape Demand for IT services is driven by rapid technological advances, but spending for these expensive products depends on the health of the US economy .the profitability of the companies depends on offering technical expertise, innovative services and effective marketing. Large companies have advantages in broad service offerings and global reach, which them the ability to provide outsourcing services to big corporate customers. Small companies can compete effectively by specializing in market niches or by partnering with larger companies that want to broaden their mix of services. Information technology in India There are three known categorical definitions for the term Information Technology.(I.T). As it pertains to technology Information Technology is the Technology used for the study understanding planning design construction testing distribution support and operations of software computers and computer related systems that exist for the purpose of Data Information & knowledge processing.
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As it pertains to industry Information technology is the industry that has evolved to include the study science and solution sets for all aspects of data information and knowledge management and or processing, technology As it pertains to organizations or organizational structures Information technology is the organization in an enterprise or business that is held responsible and accountable for the technology used for planning design construction testing distribution support and operations of software computers and computer related systems that exist for the purpose of data information and knowledge management and or processing. The Indian information technology industry accounts for a 5.9% of the countrys GDP and export earnings as of 2009, while providing employment to a significant number of its tertiary sector workforce. More than 2.3 million people are employed in the sector either directly or indirectly, making it one of the biggest job creators in India and a mainstay of the national economy. In March 2009, annual revenues from outsourcing operations in India amounted to US $ 60 billion and this is expected to increase to US $225 billion by 2020. The most prominent IT hub is IT capital Bangalore. The other emerging destinations are Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune NCR, Jaipur and Kolkata. Technically proficient immigrants from India sought jobs in the western world from the 1950s onwards as Indias education system produced more engineers than its industry could absorb. However, there are severe skill shortage among engineers, specially who lack in soft skills and technical skills, as a result engineering graduates remain unemployed after being pass out from college or university. Indias growing stature in the information age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States of America and the European Union. Indias IT services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs. The first software export zone SEEPZ was set up here way back in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT Park. More than 80 percent of the countrys software exports happened out of SEEPZ in 80s. Formative years (till 1991) The Indian government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy Services-established in SEEPZ, Mumbai by the Tata Group-were the countrys largest software producers
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during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal Nehru (office: 15 August 1947 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was able to build a large scientific workforce, second in numbers only to that of the United States of America and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West Bengal. Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the chairmanship of N.R.Sarkar.
Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were estimated to have settled in the US. Kanpur (2006). The reason for this immigration was rooted in India producing more engineers through its education system-expanded during the 1950s-than its industry was able to absorb. By the 1980s a number of engineers from India were seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages to retain their experienced staff.
The United States technological lead was driven in no small part by the brain power of brilliant immigrants, many of whom came from India. The inestimable contributions of thousands of highly trained Indians migrants in every area of America scientific and technological achievement culminated with the information technology revolution most associated with Californias Silicon Valley in the 1980s and 1990s.
The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of the Computer Maintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. Between 1977-1980 the countrys Information Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer Systems, and Wipro, had become visible. The microchip revolution of the 1980s had convinced both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhi that electronics and telecommunications were vital to Indias growth and development. MTNL underwent technological improvements. Between 1986-1987, the Indian government embarked upon the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network for Indias National Informatics Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network (ERNET).
Regulated VSAT links become visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991: Page 7
In 1991 the department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients office.
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991, the 64kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centres NICNET.
The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen between 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by significant the internet usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayee-which placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities-formed the Indian National Task Force on Information technology and Software Development.
Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force in Information Technology and Software development: Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The task force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central governments agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of International bodies like the World Trade Organizations (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.
The New Telecommunication policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize Indias telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures for electronics transactions and e-commerce.
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Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States. The number of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted largely of highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States, Indians fared well in Science, engineering and management. Graduates from the Indian Institute of technology (IIT) become known for their technical skills. The success of Information Technology in India not only had economic repercussions but also had farreaching political consequences. Indias reputation both as a source and a destination for skilled workforce helped it improve its relations with a number of world economics. The relationship between economy and technology-valued in the western world-facilitated the growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indian, which further helped aid in promoting technology-driven growth.
2001 Indian is now one of the biggest IT capitals in the modern world. The economic effect of the technologically inclined services sector in India-accounting for 40% of the countrys GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce. The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from I percent in 1990 to 18 percent in 2001. IT-enabled services such as back office operations, remote maintenance, accounting, public call centers, medical transcriptions, insurance claims, and other bulk processing are rapidly expanding. Indian companies such as TCS, Wipro and Infosys may yet become household names around the world. Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and contributes 33% of Indian IT exports. Indias second and third largest software companies are head-quartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 companies. And Mumbai too has its share of IT companies once that are established as well as start-ups, and these IT and dot com companies are ruling the roost of Mumbais relatively high octane industry of Information Technology. Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing; it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soon have more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel in India. On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November, 2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status at CERN while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due at Bangalore. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 9
Features of I.T Industry at a Glance Economies of scale for the information technology industry are high. The marginal cost of each unit of additional software or hardware is insignificant compared to the value addition that results from it. Unlike other common industries , the IT industry is knowledge-based Efficient utilization of skilled labour forces in the IT sector can help an economy achieve a rapid pace of economic growth. The IT industry helps many other sectors in the growth process of the economy including the services and manufacturing sectors. Information, technology and the hardware and software associated with the IT industry, are an integral part of nearly major global industry. The information technology (IT) industry has become of the most robust industry in the world. IT more than any other industry or economic facet, has an increased productivity, particularly in the developed world, and therefore is a key driver of global economic growth. Economies of scale and insatiable demand from both consumers and enterprises characterize this rapidly growing sector.
Table No: 2.1 Global IT Players 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Microsoft Dell Larsen and Toubro Compare Infobase Accenture i-Flex Solutions Cognizant Sapient Mphasis
Source: Secondary Data
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Recent Trends in the I.T Industry In 2010, technologies can provide companies with a competitive advantage in what is expected to be a very tough on the bottom line of IT budgets, IT management and IT vendor. However , even in an economic downturn those companies that invest, develop and capitalize on technologies that save money while improving the efficiency and effectiveness of business have an opportunity to grab significant market and mind share with new and existing customers. Running a business and overseeing IT is a tough task in the best of times. But in todays environment with customers and business spending shrinking , budgets declining ,the stock market sinking , and the pressure to adopt new tools and technologies growing - many organizations are finding themselves stretched to the limit. As 2010 unfolds, its clear that enterprises with a forward-thinking approach and a solid grasp of technology trends will have a distinct competitive advantage. Government initiative in India's domestic IT Market The Indian government has established a National Taskforce on IT with an aim of formatting a durable National IT Policy for India. Endorsement of the IT Act, which offers an authorized structure to assist electronic trade and electronic operations. India is now one of the biggest I.T capitals in the modern world. The economic effect of the technologically inclines services sector in India accounting for 40 % of the countrys GDP and 30 % of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25 % of its work force as summarized by Sharma( 2006). The share of I.T (Mainly Software) in total exports increased from 1 % in 1990 to 18 % in 2001.
Top 8 I.T Hubs in India Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 11
Bangalore
: Popularly known as the Silicon Valley of India is currently the leading
location for Information Technology Industry in India. Chennai Software. Hyderabad : This I.T hub has got good infrastructure and very good government support, : Yet another leading I.T hub in India and is the second largest exporter of
It has become an excellent base for technology and related developments in India.
Pune
: Pune, a major industrial town, hosts numerous multinational and national
software giants along with BPO and KPO firms. World Class SEZs like Hinjawadi IT Park, & Magarpatta City give Pune a distinct advantage. The city is a major educational hub and churns out thousands of technocrats every year. Kolkatta : Kolkatta is slowly becoming a major I.T hub in near future. Some of the well
known technological corporations are situated here. NCR : The National Capital Region of India comprising New Delhi, Gurgaon,
Faridabad, Noida and Ghaziabad are having ambitious projects and are trying to do every possible thing for I.T developments. Mumbai : Popularly known as the commercial entertainment financial capital of India,
this is the one city that has seen tremendous growth in I.T and BPO industry. Trivandrum : This geographical location which is less than 1.5 % of the countrys total area is being recognised now as an attractive location for I.T and service industry where incredible developments are taking place. Within a short span Kerala has come a long way in the I.T sector starting its development from way side internet cafes to small multimedia companies to large giants successfully functioning in Technopark, Trivandrum, Infopark, Cochin and Cyberpark at Kozhikode. The I.T initiatives in Kerala is a window providing a world of opportunity for professionals , investors, developers, SMEs and service providers. Thus Kerala is growing fast and is an Emerging I.T Hotspot.
Department of I.T Government of India Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 12
Information Technology has made possible information access at gigabit speeds. It has created a level playing field among nations and has made positive impact on the lives of millions who are poor, marginalized and living in rural and far flung topographies. Internet has made revolutionary changes with possibilities of e filing Income Tax returns or applying for passports online or railway e-ticketing etc. Today a countrys I.T potential is paramount for its march towards global competitiveness, healthy GDP, improving defense capabilities and meeting up the energy and environmental changes. The Indian Information Technology Information Technology Enabled Services ( IT-ITES) industry has continued to perform its role as the most consistent growth driver for the economy. Service, Software exports and BPO remain the mainstay of the sector. Over the last five years, IT & ITES industry has grown at a remarkable pace. The IT/ITES exports have grown to a staggering US $ 46.3 billion in 2008-2009 employing 2.2 million professionals directly and another 8 million people indirectly and account for over 5% of GDP. A majority of the FORTUNE 500 and GLOBAL 2000 Corporations are sourcing IT/ITES from India and it is the premier destination for the global sourcing of IT/ITES accounting for 55 % of the global market in Offshore IT services and garnering 35 % of the ITES/BPO sector. The Indian IT - BPO sector including the domestic and exports segments continue to grow from strength to strength, witnessing high levels of activity both onshore as well as off shore. The companies continue to move up the value chain to offer higher end research and analytics services to their clients. Indias leadership position in the global IT and BPO industries are based primarily on the following advantages. India accounts for 28% of I.T & BPO talent among 28 low cost countries. It has a rapidly growing urban infrastructure fostering several IT centres in the country. Offshore service centers are spawning in the country due to operational excellence with low delivery cost, quality leadership and a conducive business environment. Favourable policy interventions, enabling infrastructure and augmenting a wide skill base from the government has further enhanced Indias brand image.
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The department of I.T is coordinating the strategic activities, promoting skill development programmes, enhancing infrastructure capabilities and supporting R&D for Indias leadership position in IT & IT- Enabled Services.
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CHAPTER 3
COMPANY PROFILE
COMPANY PROFILE
Centre for Development of Imaging Technology Center for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) is an organization established in 1988 by the Government of Kerala for advancement of research, development and training in imaging technology with an implied role in socially relevant science and development communication. Shri P. Govinda Pillai was the founder director of the centre. C-DIT is currently housed in a 3acre campus in the picturesque Chithranjali hills, beside the Kerala State Film Development Corporation campus, 7 kms from Thiruvananthapuram City and three regional centresKayamkulam, Kannur and Ernakulam. One of the uniqueness of C-DIT is its rare combination of human resources, a talented pool of creative personnel co-existing with technological work force. Over the past 15 years of its existence, C-DIT has taken up many prestigious projects of the Government of Kerala and completed them successfully. Vision and Mission Government of Kerala in the year 1988 established Centre for development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) with a vision to ensure advancement of research, development and training in imaging technology with an implied role in socially relevant science and development communication. C-DIT is situated near the picturesque campus of Chitranjali Hills, besides the Kerala State Film Development Corporation Campus. Over the years C-DIT has evolved into a centre of convergence. Currently the organization is in a position to offer a plethora of services covering a wide range of information appliances and deploying all conceivable media formats.
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The Mission of C-DIT The mission of C-DIT is clearly stated in its mission statement. The mission statement is very clearly on why C-DIT exists and what for it stands. The organization has successfully lived the mission that it put down for itself. The successful history of C-DIT is the best testimonial for it. Though hard to live up to such a mission, the organization through it commitment and hard work has shown that this is attainable. The Mission Statement To become the leading service provider and product innovator in new media information technology systems, tools, application and content development with thrust on deployment of sustainable and appropriate imaging and imaging technology for science and development communication. The mission statement of C-DIT has been a guiding light in the successful history of the organization. The organization has always stood by the guidelines that the mission statement provides. It always has gathered strength from the motivation the statement offered.
QUALITY POLICY Quality in services and products offered by C-DIT is achieved and sustained when each concerned employee: scientifically approaches, continuously strive to achieve customer satisfaction and establish a C-DIT brand image. THEMES The focus of C-DIT is based on certain themes in line with the changes in the realms of science, technology and the society at large. Cultural customization Ensuring visual, audio and linguistic localization of information technology systems. Malayalam as administrative language. To evolve technology support for ensuring use of Malayalam as administrative language. Digital heritage archiving. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 16
To develop and popularize tools and processes for archiving heritage information. IT for the disabled. To evolve strategies to ensure that the disabled are not left out of the benefits of cyber revolution. Freedom in software. To promote the technical, ethical and economical advantages of free software. Media convergence. To promote the seamless integration of different media formats, technologies and their delivery. Edutainment. To realize convergence of library, laboratory and playground through possibilities of the new media. Techno creativity. To explore creative avenues in technological advancement.
MANAGING TEAM C-DIT is currently under the chairmanship of Shri. Ommen Chandy, Honble Chief Minister of Kerala. Dr. Rathan U Khelkar IAS is the director and Shri Pranabjyothi Nath, IAS is the registrar. C-DIT has an executive committee with representatives from Government Department along with a Governing Body. GOVERNING BODY
1. Hon.Chief Minister of Kerala 2. Principal Secretary to Government 3. Secretary to Government, Finance department 4. Secretary, Information Technology Department 5. Director, Information & Public Relations Department 5. Director , C-DIT 6. Registrar, C DIT Chairman Vice-Chairman Member Member Member Member Member
LINKAGES/CLIENTELE Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 17
C-DIT commands linkages and networks with several institutions and bodies of repute including Prasar Bharathi Corporation, New Delhi National Council for Science and Technology Corporation, New Delhi University of Kerala Kerala Agricultural University Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala Calicut University, Kerala Kannur University, Kerala Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu Kerala State IT Mission SCERT, Kerala IT @ School, Kerala SC/ST Department, Government of Kerala Kerala Bhasha Institute, Kerala
Major Projects C-DIT Job Portal www.careerskerala.gov.in FRIENDS counter at all the 14 district head quarters Hologram secured certificates for universities Hologram for Kerala State Beverages Corporation Computerisation of various organization/ Departments under government of Kerala, Universities etc Web portal development and maintenance for government departments Malayalam font development and linguistic computing consultancy Interactive educational CDs for IT at school project R&D work for state and Central Governments Interactive e-learning content delivery to AKSHAYA project, Government of Kerala Sastra Kauthukam & Padanan Kauthukam educational video series Digital Heritage Archiving Centre for University of Kerala Music rich website on Swathi Thirunal E-adharam project for the Registration Department, Government of Kerala Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 18
Projects for the National Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Bangalore LIAS (Library Digitalisation and Archiving Software) for the library digitalisation of Kerala University Library
CLiCK- The first major initiative of the computational linguistics team, the CLiCK project
(Centre for Linguistic Computing, Keralam) is funded and catalyzed by the State IT mission. The project aims to consolidate and coordinate the efforts at integrating Malayalam with IT. Standardization of keyboard, production of Unicode supported Malayalam fonts, evolving a corpora of Malayalam are the major projects. Training and workshops on Malayalam computing are also a part of the project.
FRIENDS- A project that has brought laurels to the Team, FRIENDS has completed four
years of successful operations. The fact that FRIENDS has been lapped up by the using public is demonstrated by its growing acceptance as a single window facility for multiple payments and also in replication in all the districts if the state. C-DIT has been providing software and hardware support for the project without the involvement of any external agency. The front-end computerization mechanism of FRIENDS took shape long before the conception of the idea of back end computerization. The dynamic nature of software used, responsive adoption of changes and realization of the fallibility of technology are the highlights if this project run by the Kerala State IT Mission. In view of its importance in collecting revenue for the government and acceptance received from the public, the government has declared the FRIENDS software as protected system and only C-DIT is authorized to access and modify the software.
www.entemalayalam.org- Designed and maintained for NoRKA, Government of Kerala,
this website provides a comprehensive facility for online Malayalam learning. Users have the opportunity to use and test their language skills.
www.clickkeralam.org- The website www.clickkeralam.org recounts the information and
tools related to CLiCK, a joint project of Kerala IT Mission, C-DIT and Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala aims at cultural customization of IT and the promotion of the vernacular language using IT etc.
Others
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Security Holograms- Security holograms to establish product identify and to prevent duplication and counterfeiting with customizable graphics and option for delivery on barcoded security label. Certificate- Hologram affixed secure secure documents, useful for universities and similar agencies, with not only high security hologram features but also hundred other fixed and variable security features for enhanced for enhanced security.
Hologram hobby kit- This all-inclusive kit, developed in-house, all the requisites to enable
first-time users and non-exports to record holograms, etc. Purchasable FINISHED PRODUCTS (CD-ROM) IT resources CD for 8th standard (for Malayalam medium, all subjects) Chitraramayanam (Ramayana pictures on palm leaves) Chitrakkukukka (CD Vol. 1,2&3 (Ethnic CD on Kerala, rich collection of high resolution images & sounds) Akshaya IT Literacy CDs (for Kerala IT Mission) 75 years of Malayalam Cinema (Kerala Chalachitra Academy) Green Citadel (interactive CD on Bio-Diversity of Kerala) Saraswathi Kanthabharna (e-book on sanskrit Grammer) Nammude Malayalam Interactive CD (based on the syllabus of 8th, 9th & 10th standard) Aksharamala fonts CD (25 Malayalam fonts) Padana Kauthukam (e-books)
OTHERS PRODUCTS High security Holograms Video footages Holographic hobby and educational kits Virtual Electrical Engineering Laboratory Software- Targeted at engineering college students, Virtual Electrical Engineering Lab Vol.1 delivers with a stunning punch simulated laboratory conditions for out experiments in electrical machinery with audio effects (Rs.19,500/-)
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Aksharamaala- Aksharamala, incorporating 25 Malayalam fonts including 5 web fonts, is the first joint venture of C-DIT and C-DAC. A Malayalam Editors using this is under development. (Rs.2500/-) Green Citadel- A visual treat, the Green Citadel CD produced for the Department of Forest, Government of Kerala has splendidly captured the diverse and rich forest wealth of Kerala employing interactive multimedia tools. (Rs.1500/-) IT resource CD for 8th standard- Product for IT at school project, this multimedia CD has become the benchmark of e-learning for school education, splashing video, animations, games, songs and much more to make learning joyous. (Rs 300/-) Chitrakkudukka- Showcasing ethnicity, the first volume of chithrakkudukka CD has over 2500 images with audio visual effects leaving behind a lingering feel of Kerala at its natural best. (Rs 250/- for individuals, special price for schools, government organizations etc.) (3 volumes available) 75 years of Malayalam cinema- Produced for Kerala Chalachithra Academy to
commemorate 75 years of malayalam cinema,this CD is a complete fact file including details of its history, landmark moments and profiles of cast and crew. (Rs 500/-) Chitrakkudukka Linux Version(Ethnic Clip art CD on kerala)- Features : 1) 2500 High Resolution Images in JPEG format 2) 55 sound clips in OGG format 3) Designed for use in Kairali Linux 1.0 / Redhat Linux 9 / Fedora Core 9 / Fedora Core 2. (Rs 150/-) To obtain CD-ROMs by post/courier and a demand draft worth Rs 130/- in favour of registrar C-DIT payable at Thiruvananthapuram. Swathantryam thane Amritham (Video)- Lecture on Free Software by Dr. Achuthsankar S. Nair. The CD covers the benefits of free software in simple and lucid Malayalam. (Price Rs 50/-) PATANA KAUTUKAM- Multimedia CD based on science subjects for school students. Video production, Non-linear editing, digital audio processing, 2D and 3D animation for ads. Technical support and consultancy in Hologram, Turnkey project support in hologram, Holographic NDT, Advanced security imaging and Automation. Total IT solution provider- System study, Software development, free software consultancy, heritage, archiving, training and project management. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 21
Linguistic computing solutions, font development Web designing & hosting, etc.
Getting Ready for a Quantum Leap As the preparations for celebrations of its 20th birthday are on, C-DIT is getting ready for a quantum leap- not only in terms of business and turnover, but also in terms of diversification and quality up-gradation. C-DIT had revitalized and Research and Development wing with all infrastructure facilities. It will function as a backbone of all the activities of C-DIT- from inventions and innovations to development and diversification. Activities of visual communication was restructured with additional terms such as video documentary, advertisement film production, Sutharya Keralam, New clippings and New Media animation. All the teams in C-DIT are all geared to meet the challenging target of forty core turnover in the current financial year. C-DIT has taken wide variety if projects ranging from finishing school to security printing. This include imaging technology, e-governance, information technology, hologram production computational linguistics, educational informatics, software development, open and free software propagation, digitalization of print, new communication technology courses etc. C-DIT is the authorized content provider to Government of India portal. C-DIT has been assigned the responsibility of designing and maintaining websites for all the ministers of Kerala.
New Projects in C-DIT

Kannur University Computerization
Kannur University Computerization is significant project implemented by the Open Source Technology Team (OST) of Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) on FOSS platform. The project encompasses the development of softwares of Examination Section of professional and post-graduate courses of Kannur University. It involves the following tasks: Student Examination Registration, Hall Ticket Generation, Preparation of Tabulation Register, Mark List Generation along with various Reports associated with each task. The software is developed based upon the Scanner procured by the University. The Scanner scans the Examination Application Form and feed the data to the database of the software. The Examination Software Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 22
takes these data and performs various processes. The use of scanner for examination purpose has ignited self-assertive changes to the entire examination pattern. These include the use of a common examination application form irrespective of course, college and semester/year. The Scanner based upon the ICR technique would be fed with the examination application form and the scanner would decipher the data on the application form and export them to a temporary database. Since the scanner is based upon the ICR technique, for reducing errors and to simplify the validation procedures, a set of codes were developed to be used with the examination software in conjunction with the scanner and the common application form. Once the scanned data reaches the temporary database, these data would be exported to the database used by the software. The accuracy of the software therefore relies to an extent on the accuracy of the data entered to the database. The development of codes to be used in the application form was by far the most cumbersome process during the initial stages of the software development. The project team along with the University officials discussed and finalized a set of codes that would be applied to classify and identify various courses, colleges, papers and students. This was then approved from the University; along with this codes a new application form was to be designed which can be used for all university examination. Since the university does not collect student information from the college prior to the examination, the examination application was therefore designed to serve.
ORUMA - Free software based billing application of KSEB

Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) becomes a model for the whole country C-DIT develops a novel billing solution using Free Software - 'Oruma', instead of monopoly software. It came as the culmination of the vision to liberate Government organizations like K.S.E.B from the clutches of Digital Rights Management (DRM) - enabled products. This is also a turning point at application level in the information technology sector in the State. The Board will have an initial saving of Rs. 4 crores by switching over to the new programme. The recurring expenses of several cores can be saved besides. However, the greatest achievement will be that KSEB will not be forced to stand at the behest of Microsoft. The
Oruma Software will increase efficiency in the functioning of the State Electricity Board. This programme will help to prepare bills, register service connections, keep accounts and maintain all relevant data about consumers, etc. The programme also has space for developing facilities Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 23
for payment of electricity charges through internet, registering complaints, etc in the near future. In short what K.S.E.B has achieved through Oruma programme is a silent revolution in the administration of KSEB.
Growth of C-DIT
Figure No: 3.1 Growth of C-DIT
20 18 16
Rs in crore
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
C-DIT targeted to implement projects to around 26 crores in the financial year 2007-08 and achieved 88% of the same. The total receipt was Rs. 19.00 crores. In addition to the large number of ongoing schemes, C-DIT implemented a number of innovative projects for various clients in Kerala. Some of them are: installation of Digital imaging printing system in all the 308 Sub-registrar offices in Kerala, re-introducing the CMs interaction programme Sutharya Keralam with new perspective and vision, redesigning and content enrichment of the website of Chief Minister, new website for 50th anniversary of First elected government in Kerala, e-gazette, producing 41 crores o hologram labels for KSBC, security certificates for vC:\WINDOWS\hinhem.scrarious Universities in Kerala, Akshaya e-pay scheme for eight districts, extending computer education through 208 CEP centres, implementing various media courses, Cybersri IT finishing school for SC/ST Digitalization of Kirthads and Sahithya Academy library and regional language (Malayalam) promotional products.
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The success in the financial year 2007-08 acted as morale booster in fixing an ambitious target of Rs. 40 crores in2008-09. Out of this, nearly 22 crores of project works are already sanctioned by the end of September 2008. Some of the ongoing and proposed programmes are: Finishing school in free and open software, starting new media courses like PG Diploma course in television and new media journalism, e-learning, certificate courses in Television Anchoring and News Presentation, Video Camera, Photo Journalism and Radio Production; computer training for M.Ed and B.Ed SC/ST, starting a placement a cell, e-commerce project, Biometric solution for identifying the beneficiaries for Kudumba sree programmes, Kerala University Library Digitalisation, new version of Ente Malayalam site for NORKA, Developing inscript keyboard of Malayalam Unicode fonts, implementation of high end technical training programmes through continuing education cell of polytechnic colleges.
Organizational Structure
Organization structure is the systematic arrangement of the people working for the organization to achieve predefined goals. The structure has two dimensions horizontal and vertical. The horizontal dimension indicates the departments and vertical dimension indicate hierarchy. An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment. An organization can be structured in many different ways, depending on their objectives. The structure of an organization will determine the modes in which it operates and performs. Organizational structure allows the expressed allocation of responsibilities for different functions and processes to different entities such as
the branch, department, workgroup and individual.
Organizational structure affects organizational action in two big ways. First, it provides
the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest. Second, it determines which individuals get to participate in which decision-making processes, and thus to what extent their views shape the organizations actions. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 25
Figure No: 3.2 Organization Structure
Source: Secondary data
CHAPTER 4
DEPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS
Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 26
DEPARTMENTAL PROFILE
A department is a work group committed together for performing certain functions of similar nature. The process of division of the enterprise into different parts is broadly called Departmentation or departmentalization. The various parts or divisions go by the name of departments. Departmentation leads to grouping of both functions and personnel who are assigned to carry out allocated functions. The impact of Departmentisation is a delineation of executive responsibilities and a grouping operating activities. Every level in the hierarchy below the apex is departmentalized and each succeeding lower level involves further departmental differentiation. The chief executive groups activities into major divisions such as production, marketing, finance etc. Senior executives who report directly to the chief executive administer these divisions. The senior executive further assigns duties to their juniors. C-DIT has 14 teams working under four divisions
I.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION;
1) Web Services Team Over the years, the Web Services Team (WST) had leveraged as the best technology expertise to implement almost all web-solution applications with web designing, hosting, domain registration and web-development. Its origin dates back to 1997 with a team of highly qualified professionals who could combine their extensive technology with sufficient knowledge, creativity and technical expertise. Vision of this team is to combine inspired design with powerful applications and excellent online content and/thereby fulfilling the task of e-governance using web services. The User Centered approaches to design and human reliability in administration facilities the team to mark its significant presence in the seemingly infinite cyber space. Over the decades, the team has designed and hosted more than 316 web sites for Government of India, Government of
Kerala, autonomous bodies and other institutions including the official web portal of Government of Kerala. With its stupendous social commitment of high standards the team earned the cover title Total Web Solution Provider for designing and maintaining web sites Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 27
under Government of Kerala. Moreover, the team has been chosen as the Content Service Provider (CSP) to the National Web Portal of India. Recently the team stepped into the most popular Open Source Content Management Framework for building websites that has a plethora of features. The noteworthy achievements of this team is that it has touched the nooks and corners of information dissemination by designing and maintaining more than 316 websites on manifold topics with regular updation. Accomplishment of WST include-first total web solution provider under Government of Kerala, Earmarked the beginning of an interface between Government to Citizen (G2C) through e-governance projects, official web portal of Government of Kerala incorporating over 20,000 web pages, Designed and maintained websites for all ministers of Kerala, etc. Services include complete solution provider for website Development, Domain Name Registration & Renewal, Web Designing, Web Programming etc.
Figure No: 4.1 Structure of Web Services Team Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 28
Team Leader
Programmer
Web Developer
Web Designer
Server Administrator
Trainer
2) Open Source Technology Team
Open Source Technology Team (OST) @ Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (CDIT) has been the forerunner in the propagation of Free and Open Source Technology in the State. It is the only dedicated state government Department, which promotes the use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) technology solutions since 2002. The team imparts an open source culture in decision-making, allowing concurrent inputs of different agendas, approaches and priorities and thus forms on inevitable
entity in software development concerns of the state thereby the overall development of the region. Exploiting the complete advantage of FOSS, the team gives industry standard training, software development and networking solutions in Linux. The major products of the team Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 29
includes software Linux Version of Webdarshini, Kairali Linux, Linux Version of Akshaya CD and Malayalam book on Free Software. The sufficient projects implemented by the team on FOSS platform over the years are- Kannur University Computerisation, Sutharya Keralam, etc. the various training programmes organized by the team are;
Awareness general program on Linux Desktop: The one-day workshop of migrating from Windows to Linux was a great success with more than 1000 participants throughout Kerala. In addition special batches were arranged for Government Employees and Students.
Advanced training on system administration and Networking in Linux: An one week course aimed to give advanced hands on training in Linux. Five batches comprising 50 participants each had successfully completed this programme.
Training to officials of Government Department: The team had given awareness training in FOSS to the officials of various Government Department such as Scheduled Tribe Development Department, Directorate of Technical education of Government of Kerala.
Figure No:4.2
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Structure of Open Source Technology Team
Team Leader
Project Coordinator
Programmer
Developer
Server Administrator
3) Software Engineering Team Software Engineering Team plays a vital role in C-DITs capacity role as a Total Solution Provider to the Government of Kerala. SET is well known for its e-governance and digitalization related projects and initiatives. Most of its projects have helped the state Government and public in simplifying many public facilities. SET has served a major role in state wide promotion and implementation o various IT schemes for the Government of Kerala. The major functional areas of SET include complete office automation, web enabled office applications, digitalisation of documents, digital heritage archiving, It enabled services and corporate training. The team has a bunch of highly skilled programmers/developers with interface to work on vibrant areas of software development using Java, C++, VB, VC, asp.net, Java Script, PHP, etc.
Figure No: 4.3 Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 31
Structure of Software Engineering Team
Team Leader
Project Leaders
Programmers
Employees
II.
TECHNICAL EXTENSION AND IMAGE PROCESSING DIVISION;
4) Optical Image Processing Team C-DIT is the only one public sector security hologram production center in the country, having a total in-house R&D production capability with international standards. Optical techniques are being increasingly applied in advanced information technology due to its inherent speed and potential for high-density information storage. Optical fibers, photonic chips, flat panel displays, and optical fiber based active components, optical variable devices etc. are a few examples in this regard. New development in areas such as optical computing, optical storage and integrated optics are going to redefine the present standards of data processing and storage. Hologram plays an important part in most of these areas. OIP division at present has several ongoing commercial projects. Some of them are Development and Supply of Hologram integrates high security certificates for the Universities in Kerala, National University for Advanced Legal studies,
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Directorate of Medical Education (Paramedical Council) and Technical Education, etc. Asianet, BSNL, NCPT, IBNU, NTTF, PBOA, BSS, national Hospitals, Western Hospitals, Koyas Hospitals, Calicut Hospital and Nursing Home, etc are a few from private sector who enjoys the teams service. Products include High Security Holograms, Bar-Coded/Security printed
Holographic Labels, Hologram Origination Systems, Core Security Documents, e-cards, coated optics, Holographic Hobby and Educational kits, Display Holograms, Holographic High Security Number Plates, etc. Services include technical support & consultancy in Holography and Security Document, product research and development, Biometric Based e-Security Networking, etc. Figure No: 4.4 Structure of Optical Image Processing Team
Director
Registrar
Team Leader
Employees
5) Technology Extension Team (TET) - C-DIT understands the necessity of extending technology to tap the vast human resource of the state and help them translate their potential to bring about larger benefits for the state. The Technology Extension Team provides avenues to meet his requirement of the young populance in the state. Offering a rich amount of courses through the
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C-DIT Educational Partners (CEPs) spread across all the districts of one o the major functional areas of this team. With the CEPs numbering about 300, C-DIT holds the record of having the largest number of educational partners under any similar Government Institution in the state. Apart from conducting and administering as many as 18 IT courses, the Team prepares quality course material required thereof. Industrial Automation and Net Work Engineering courses are the new areas, which offered through the Resolute Education Campus equipped with state of the art facilities. The TET is also entrusted with the corporate training ventures for the specific target groups with the financial assistance of Government of India and other State Government Departments. The job portal under TET facilitate for the easy access of the job opportunities in the IT Sector.
Figure No: 4.5 Structure of Technology Extension Team
Course Coordinator
Chief Coordinator
Program Coordinator
Employees
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6) Communication Training Team(CTT) Training talents in professionals production environment and a curriculum benchmarked with the district standards of the industry are the hallmark of the various academic programmes directly conducted by Communication Training Team (CTT) of C-DIT. The academic programmes are facilitated by working professionals in the industry and enriched by a practice oriented course work. The CTT came into being in 1996 with the launch of a one year Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Science and Development Communication (DSDC). Major activities include training talents in professional production environment and a curriculum benchmarked with the current standards of the industry are the hallmark of the various academic programmes directly conducted by Communication Training Team (CTT) of C-DIT. Services include offering postgraduate Diploma Courses, diploma courses and certificate courses and off-campus centers.
Figure No: 4.6 Structure of Communication Training Team
Course Coordinator
Chief Coordinator
Program Coordinator
Employees
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III.
E-GOVERNANCE AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DIVISION;
7) E-Governance Team The E-governance team under the Information Systems Division was set up in 2000, aiming to provide support for any initiative by the government to simplify and expedite the process of governance by infusing Information/Communication Technology. The activities of this team include Software Design and Development, Computerization of Government Departments, IT related services, system administration, etc. Major projects include FRIENDS project (TSP), Akshaya e-pay project (TSP), Video Conferencing-AMC project (maintenance and management of VC equipments and sessions Kerala, Motor Transport Workers Welfare Fund Board Computerization, Social Security Mission Computerization, etc.) Figure No: 4.7 Structure of E-Governance
Director
Registrar
Team Leader
Coordinator
Employees
8) Research and Development Team Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 36
Research and Development team Co-ordinates all research activities undertaken in various teams of C-DIT and document all R&D projects. Thereby it comes in tune with the stated objectives of the institution. It also aims to advance knowledge in the socially relevant areas and technology uses through research and dissemination. With full-fledged team of scholars engaged in research, training and dissemination of knowledge the team identifies research areas and funding agencies to undertake research studies of its own. R&D team equipped with advanced research labs in Photo-Electronics/optical imaging, Software Engineering, Digital Imaging and Sound Recording. As C-DIT was recognized as a Centre for Research by University of Kerala and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, this team facilitates guidance for research scholars registered for Ph.D to carry out research on the subject approved by the University. It also provides assistance to Engineering and Management students for their academic projects. Key research Areas-Optoelectronics. Computer Engineering, Electronics and Instrumentation, Electronics and Communication, Biomedical Engineering, Digital Image & Signal Processing, etc. Research is an ongoing process. For the development of any organization, research is a prime factor. So in any reputed organization, there is a special wing for research and development. CDIT also has a well-equipped and efficient R & D team concerned with quality control and Technical services, Research and pilot plant respectively. The team was concerned with the research or study of new processes or techniques for the company. By the findings of these teams, the company was able to find long-term solution to certain problems of process and quality.
Figure No: 4.8 Structure of Research and Development Team Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 37
Director
Registrar
Team Leader
Employees
The main objectives of research and development team are

Render in process, stage wise testing and trouble-shooting service acting as a necessary adjunct to production. Undertake development projects both for process and product improvement and diversification to help General Manager and advice management on new process, products and projects.
Identifying the changing needs of customers through regular interactions. Maintaining quality at incoming in process and final product stages. Implementing and maintaining a quality management system.
Functions of Research and development team

Studying the variance. Finding the process parameters like electricity revelation per minute (rpm).
To improve the quality as well as quantity of products. Monitoring the plant performance. Page 38
Monitoring the pollution. Maintaining quality at all stages of products. Providing service to customers. Taking samples at various stages starting from raw material till the product. Analyzing the samples, finding the variance in production.
9) Computational Linguistic Team
The Computational Linguistic Team was constituted in C-DIT with the aim to the function as the Malayalam computing solutions provider to the government of Kerala and various other agencies in Kerala. The main objective of the team is to integrate Malayalam with information and communication technologies. The central motto of the team is to globalizing Malayalam
through language technology for the benefit of the local users. At the product level, the idea is to produce linguistical and cultural customized software. The main areas of operations of the team are research. Development, production publication, training, consultancy and service in Malayalam language computing. Major projects are Aksharamaala CD, Bharanamalayalam, Nila official Malayalam software, Kaveri free Malayalam software, Arogyasree Malayalam type writing software, Periyar Malayalam community software (ongoing). Service include development of websites like www.clickkerala.org, www.entemalayalam.org, etc. other activities include taking classes for Government employees on Malayalam software & Linguistic computing and Institute for Management in Government, participation in campaign program for promotion of Malayalam computing among the populace, etc.
Figure No: 4.9 Structure of Computational Linguistic Team Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 39
Team Leader
Programmers
Linguists
Consultants
IV.
10)
VISUAL COMMUNICATION DIVISION
Advertisement Film Team
Advertisement film team is a newly constituted team of C-DIT engaged in advertisement activities of various Government and Non-Government organizations. This teams work in areas of advertisement films and video campaigns.
The major clients of these teams are
1) Kerala state financial enterprises 2) Kerala state lotteries department 3) National rural health mission 4) Animal husbandry department 5) Ground water department
6) NORKA 7) Suchithwa Mission Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 40
Figure No: 4.10 Structure of Advertisement Film Team Team Leader
Team Coordinator/Editor
Cameraman
Asst. Cameraman
Production Assistant
Accountant
11)
Video Documentary Team
The Video Documentary Team is entrusted to produce various video documentary and other agencies to encapsulate various social and development issues of the society. The video
produced at C-DIT in the genre of documentary have consistency reflected the changes in the society sphere in Kerala and this videos have also being the vanguard in the journey of C-DIT Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 41
for the last 20 years. Since 1989, when the video production facilitate was commissioned, C-DIT was produced more than 750 videos in documentary format in the areas of science, development, education and environment. The documentary produced by the C-DIT have been a strength of support to many development endeavors of Kerala viz, the people plan Campaign the initial of DPP in schools of Kerala. The modernizing Government program etc. These documentaries have been acclaimed by critiques as well as the general audience and have been acclaimed in National as well as the International festivals. Some of the major projects completed by the team are the Weeping Rice Bowl, the declining birth rate, seeds of Malabar, etc.
Figure No: 4.11 Structure of Video Documentary Team
Team Leader
Content Writer
Web Developer
Cameraman
12) Sutharykeralam and news services team Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 42
Sutharykeralam, one of the prestigious program of the government is aimed at Home Chief Minister Public Grievance Redressal, there are two components to the programme, one is the software enabled grievances redressal process at the second major part is the home chief minister interactive programme through the broadcast made. Grievances submitted at the Home Chief Minister cell are selected based on the importance and urgency of the grievance by the information and the public relations department. The grievances are presented before the home Chief Minister in the weekly section through video or audio conferencing. Home Chief Minister responds to the grievances by giving directions to the concerned officer for prompt action. In the subsequent episodes, the action taken on redressing the grievances aired. The Government to citizen initiative of the LDF Government has been successful. Besides this, the programme also carries stories about the achievement of the government and important policies directions. The programme is telecast through Doordarshan on all Sundays between 7:15pm to 8pm, repeat telecast on Monday 8pm. The radio programme is telecast throughout Kerala in air on all Sundays at 8:30am. Information and public relations Department of Kerala as entrusted the CDIT to cover the important events/functions/meetings of the government and also cover the press meetings organized by the important government functionaries and releasing the same to various TV channels. Two new projects are- Navakeralam and Current Affairs Programme.
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Figure No: 4.12 Structure of SutharyaKeralam and News Services Team Team Leader
Cameraman
Asst. Cameraman
Editor
System Administrator
13)
Educational Informatics and New Media Team
This team focuses in the art and sciences of comprehensive application if IT to all facets of education aiming at providing new educational experience through multimedia and active content. The team has succeeded in bringing out e-Learning software, e-books and other innovative products in a short span of time. The e-Learning software is noted for their new multimedia leaning experiences. The team has ventured into digitalization of documents for various Government departments. Team has already produced a number of highly acclaimed interactive CD-ROMs such as the companion CD for 8th standard students and e-learning software packages for Akshaya. It has also produced dozens of short animation films and a full length animation film on fish and tales. The team has also developed its capability in interactive 3D gaming programming.Various other projects and products are IT Resources CD for 8th standard (used in
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2500schools), e-Books for Kerala University (Saraswathi Kantabharna, Chithra Ramayanam etc), Chithrakudukka- ethnic Kerala Clip Art CD.
Figure No: 4.13 Structure of Educational Informatics and New Media Team
Team Leader
Coordinator
Programmer
Graphic Designer
14)
Cybersri
Cybersri is a project set up by Department of SC/ST Development, Government of Kerala for providing advanced IT training and industry incubation centre for SC/ST students in Kerala. The centre was set up in C-DIT premises and started functioning since 2003. The centre has successfully completed 2 batches of advanced IT training for B.Tech/MCA/M.Sc Computer Science, candidates among SC/ST categories. The centre also ensures placements for these trained technical persons. In addition to this the centre initiated the training programme such as 3D animation , digital still, photography, advanced computer training for M.ed/B.ed degree holders, software training for B.Tech, M.Sc computer science, MCA Degree holders. The students are selected for entrance examination and interview. This team not only provides
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training but also give those students a certain amount of stipend. Cybersri is now planning to introduce two new training programs-MATLAB and embedded system for B.Tech students.
Figure No: 4.14 Structure of Cybersri
Executive Officer
Project Manager
Coordinators
Employees
In addition to the above divisions, C-DIT has; PURCHASE & STORE DEPARTMENT
This department is headed by the asst. purchase manager. This department purchases the necessary items required by all departments. For acquiring small items, the department will have to specify the required items in the purchase requisition form, and for acquiring large items the departments will have to make an internal note. The purchase will have to Rs 500,000 require the approval or Registrar, whereas purchases which have an amount greater than Rs 500,000 will require the approval of Director. Purchases of necessary items are done through inviting tenders. The mode of purchase is classified into three;
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1. Limited tender This includes inviting tenders for purchase upto Rs. 100,000. This involves collecting tenders and purchase of items from known suppliers.
2. Public tender Purchases which will result in an amount greater than Rs 100,000 are done through public tender. Tenders are usually invited through advertisements in newspapers.
3. Single Tender This type of tender is usually done for purchase of proprietary items. The consumable items are purchased through local purchase; purchase order is issued only after making proper enquiry and discussions in the technical committee. Major suppliers are ETL Trivandrum, Hykon India Pvt Ltd Trivandrum, etc. The functions of the staff in the stores includes; preparing the payment advice note, verifying the stock register of all the teas, printing almost all the forms that are required for the office purpose etc.
The store section has a receipt wing where the main items arrive at first and it is from here that they are allocated to the sub stores and then to the various places according to the respective requirements. A material transfer note is prepared according to the invoice and based on the note the procured materials are dispersed to the centres all. This is done on the basis of orders placed by them.
PROCEDURE OF PLACING PURCHASE ORDER The company invites quotation received from different suppliers. Based on these an appropriate supplier is selected and places orders with them. To ensure the quality of the product, the company checks the quality of the product. The received goods are kept in the stores. The supervisor in charge of production is the person to supply the materials on the basis of demand to the production department.
Figure No: 4.15 Structure of Purchase and Store Department Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 47
Director
Registrar
Asst. Purchase Manager
Staff in the Store
OBJECTIVES OF PURCHASE AND STORE DEPARTMENT To make continuous availability of materials so that there may be uninterrupted flow of materials for production. To make purchase competitively and wisely at the most economical prices To make purchase in reasonable quantities to keep investment in materials at minimum. To purchase proper quality of materials to have minimum possible wastage of material & loss in production. To develop good supplier relationship which will ensure the best terms of supply of materials. FUNCTIONS OF PURCHASE AND STORE DEPARTMENT 1. What to purchase? 2. When to purchase? 3. Where to purchase? 4. How much to purchase? 5. At what price to purchase? Page 48
To perform these functions effectively, purchase department follows the following procedure Exploring the sources of supply and choosing the supplier Preparation and execution of purchase order Receiving and inspecting material Checking and passing of bills for payment
ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
Headed by the Administrative Officer, this division lends support to all Teams in matters such as project monitoring, purchase, accounting, manpower recruitment, project proposal preparation, human resource welfare and employee amenity activities. Civil, Electrical and Computer maintenance works are being monitored by this division.
The functions of administrative department includes;1) General as well as personnel administration. 2) Administrative functions, includes attendance monitoring, recording and controlling absenteeism etc. 3) Other functions like providing canteen services, ESI, Provident fund, accident benefits. 4) Keeping and maintaining confidential report of each employee for the purposes like promotion, fringe benefits, training etc. 5) Maintaining the relationship with workers and organization.
6) To provide sufficient and adequate training to employees when any technological changes are introduced.
Employee profile
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Table-4.1 Employee profile
Category
Number of employees
Permanent employees
328
Deputation
Contract
75
Temporary and casual
25
Source: Secondary Source
Employee profile graph

Figure No: 4.16 Graph of Employee profile
permanent eployees Deputation Contract Temporary and casual
Employee Compensation Structure 1) Basic salary. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 50
2) Dearness allowances. 3) Home rent allowances. 4) City compensation allowances. 5) Special allowances. Recruitment, selection, placement, Induction, Training, Promotion, Retirement time, Leave, Security, Safety, Wage, Salary and Administration etc All comes under Administrative department. This departments function is to handle organization, master planning, financial review, land acquisition, site accessibility/use, easement standards and outreach and other public concerns. It promote a work environment that is characterized by fair treatment of staff and volunteers, open communication, personal accountability, trust and mutual respect.
Figure No: 4.17 Structure of Administration Department Chairman
Director
Registrar
Administrative officer
Asst. Manager Administration
The major functions are: Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 51
Recruitment
Recruitment is the process of searching from prospective employees and stimulating and also encouraging them to applying for the jobs in an organization. C-DIT recruits right person in the right jobs at the right time. Recruitment is done through Employment Exchange under direct recruitment for contract and daily wages jobs and through Public Service Commission for permanent employees.
Selection
It is the process of selecting from among the candidate from within the organization or from the outside the most suitable person for the current position or for the future position. This is done by accelerating the qualifications of the candidate with the job recruitment. The employment comprise of the following categories: Permanent employees Labours Contract employees Apprentices
Employees are recruited through: The Kerala state public service commissions Deputation from other departments Direct recruitment by the board On contract basis
The main sources of recruitment and selection of the employees in the organization is Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC). The present employees strength is 434 (including both permanent and casual workers). At present C-DIT have 328 permanent workers, 6 deputations and 75 on contract labour.
Placement
Placement is assigned to give the appropriate job to the candidate in the organization. After joining the candidates must fill a Bio-Data from in his or her own handwriting. The time
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keeper will collect the required data relating to the person on the data of joining and keep it on the service record of the person.
Induction Induction is the technique by which a new employee is rehabitated in to the changed surroundings and introduced to the Practices Policy and the purpose of the organization. Induction programme is made to introduce the working conditions, the rules, regulations, standing order and the procedure in the organization.
Training The existence and success of any organization depends on the human resources in the organization. The main objective of the administrative department is to put the Right person at the Right job. This will be achieved through proper training and development. Training functions are performed by the personnel department. The workers are given effective training in the organization.
Promotion Promotion is based on Merit-cum performance, that is seniority in the designated category of services and the performance should be determined on the basis of the service level and accuracy of performance.
Retirement The retirement age of C-DIT staff is 48 yrs for contract employees and 55 for permanent employees.
Time office Time office comes under administrative department. Time office is considered as the soul of administrative department. The head time keeper is the head of the time office. The function of the time office is to maintain the record relating to the attendance of the workers. Their wage, leave matters etc. all the administrative details are maintained in the time office right from the Recruitment to Recruitment of the employment of the employee. That mean all personnel registers and the services register are maintained in the time office.
Securities Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 53
The security section comes under the personnel department. Security inspector is the head of the security department. Under the security inspector there are security guards. Security is responsible for the safety federation, its properties, raw materials and finished goods. They also look after the transport of the materials both Inward and Outward. The visitors must enter their names in to the register in order to keep by the security.
The main registers keeping in the security department are: Visiting vehicle booking in an out register. Inward gate register Outward gate register Visitors booking In/Out register Movement of the staff and officers register. Key register. Transfer A staff member who has put more than 3 years of service at a particular post may only be considered for the transfer to any other department on a post on the same grade in the Normal Circumstances.
Wage and salary administration The salary of the office staff is calculated for the 26 days in a month. The structures of the employees compensation structure are: Basic salary House rent allowance at 52% of the basis pay Conveying allowance Special allowance Dearness allowances Washing allowances Lunch allowances Working hours of C-DIT The working hour in C-DIT is from 9.30 am to 5 pm with an interval of half an hour interval from 1pm to 1.30pm.
Welfare Measures Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 54
The workers of C-DIT gets leave on the first day of the week. Canteen facilities are arranged by C-DIT for the welfare of the workers and staff.
Suspension Suspension may be imposed on the workmen as a punishment for Misconduct, pending enquiry for Misconduct, or when the criminal proceeding are pursued by a Court of Law, If the management deems it necessary.
Secrecy No employees shall be writing to any person or by any means of Communication News paper, Journals etc. Or any document, relating to the company expect with the prior approval in writing to the management.
FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
FINANCE A Concept
Money is an arm or leg you either use it or lose it. This statement Of Hentry ford, through apparently simple, is quite meaningful. It brings home the significance of money or finance. In business the role of money has broadly altered. Kenneth Medley and Ronald burns state financing is the process of organizing the flow of funds so that a business can carry out its objectives in the most efficient manner and meet its obligation as they fall due. Finance is the study of management it may deal with ways in which businessman, investors, governments, financial institutions and individuals handle their money. It is true that financial activity is largely confined to money management. Even so to confine it to money management is underestimate its role in economic transactions. In the context of finance, money management will have to be accepted with a perspective. Finance is regarded as the life blood of every business enterprises. This is because in the modern money oriented economy. Finance is one of the basic foundations of all kind of economic activities. It is the master key which provides access to the entire source for being employed in manufacturing and merchandising activities. It has rightly been said that business
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needs money to make more money. However it is also true that money be gets more money, only when it is properly managed. Hence efficient management of every business enterprise is closely linked with efficient management of its finance. A firm perform finance function simultaneously and continuously in the normal course of the business. They do not necessarily occur in a sequence. Finance function call for skillful planning, control and execution of firms activities while performing the finance function, possible the needed cooperation between many units of activity.
Finance and Significance of Finance

Today is the subject of financial management finance occupies an important place as an input of every economic activity. The majority of transactions in an economy are facilitated by financial instruments. In this case, economic units exchange real commodities fir intangible or financial goods for other the finance manager should strive to maximize market value of shares. Financial management is an appendage of the finance function. finance management is that part of management which concerned mainly with raising funds in the most economic and suitable manner, using these funds are profitably as possible, planning future operations and controlling current performance and future developments through financial accounting, cost accounting, budgeting statistics and other means financial management is important because it has an impact on all the activities of a firm. Financial management may be considered to be the management of the finance function. Finance offers a much wider scope its include money, banking credit of different type and class. It is required to generate finance, and for this purpose, it depends up on the coordination of the different business functions. It is in the sense that finance is often described as a part of nervous system of a business. In this connection, in its overall sense finance embraces may areas other than corporation finance, money, banking and credit of various type and classes considered as a whole, finance may be said to be the circulatory system of the economic body, making other financial relationship between financial goods. The field of finance is closely allied to the field of economics and accounting. Financial management is a form of applied economics, which draws heavily on economic theory. Financial management drawn data from accounting as well as from applied economics. Finance is closely related economics, for its
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seriously concerned with supply and demand in the financial management, including the stock exchange, the money market bullion exchange etc no person can even successfully dabble in finance unless he has a thorough knowledge of econ
FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF C-DIT
A well managed financial department is the strength of a good business enterprise. In C-DIT, finance department is headed by finance director responsible for all the financial transaction, procurement and allocation of funds are the major function of finance department. FINANACE is the life blood of any business operation. A well planned finance department is the strength of a good business enterprise. The finance department is responsible for managing the firms financial assets such as cash, stocks and other investment in order to maximize the return of those financial assets. It should be noted at the outset that in a modern enterprise the finance manager occupies a key position. The financial manager is also responsible for shaping the fortunes of the enterprise and is involved in the most vital decisions of the allocation of the capital
The functions of this department include providing fund for different teams and departments for meeting their expenses and collecting the project income from each team. It is the duty of the finance and accounts department to pay service tax, income tax, KVAT etc. The mode of auditing is classified into three-Internal auditing, Statutory auditing, and Account General (AG) auditing. Teams and departments in need of funds should state the required amount in the fund requisition form, for the purpose of acquiring them. This department deposited the collected project income in the main account. In certain cases, the government offers grants for certain projects, however almost all of the expenses are met through the collected project income.
The major functions of the finance department are; Accounting. Auditing. Internal Auditing. Statutory Auditing. Government Auditing.
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Releasing the payments and collecting receipts from contract with outsiders. Information management Budgeting Maintaining salary records, wages and investments. Custody and safeguarding of the assets, securities, and the valuable. Account management-profit and loss account, balance sheet, cash book, ledger etc. Getting the accounts audited every year . Maintain inflow and outflow of cash. Closing the accounts periodically. Careful management of the funds. The various sections working with the finance department are; Budgeting Commercial Accounts Bill Passing Establishment Cash Works
Figure No: 4.18 Structure of Finance and Accounts Department
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Director
Registrar
Asst. Manager Finance and Accounts
Asst. Accounts Officer
LEGAL DEPARTMENT
It is the duty of the legal department in C-DIT to handle the service related cases in Supreme Court, high court, district court and Lokayuktha. This includes cases regarding service matter, Intellectual Property Right (IPR), and those related to public. Before implementing the projects with Public and Private Companies, the legal department ensures that there must have a Memorandum of Understanding and agreement. Legal Department is responsible for making agreements between contract employees and C-DIT. In case of internal service issue, legal department provides legal opinion. Legal department is responsible for providing documents to standing council appointed in Supreme Court, High Court, District Court etc.
OBJECTIVES Prevention and settlement of industrial dispute. Represent the company in the Court of Law. File cases against external parties.
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FUNCTIONS OF LEGAL DEPARTMENT The Department is to render Legal opinion/advice on matters referred from various other Departments of the company on subjects varying from recruitment and service matters to contract and commercial transactions. I. Recruitment To the various categories of posts in Managerial Cadre and Subordinate Service, recruitments effected through PSC/Employment Exchange or by Direct notification, and under Dying-in-Harness scheme. With regard to direct recruitment Legal opinion is often called for as to qualifications/eligibility of the candidates or acceptability of applications. In appointments under Dying-in-Harness scheme, producing of various certificates evidencing Death of the employee, right of the claimant(s) for Death-cum-Retirement benefits and qualifications/eligibility of the applicant for the job, the post to which the candidate is to be appointed etc, may require legal vetting and verification.
II.
Service Matters Service matters ranging from eligibility of the candidates for promotion to a particular post, deciding the merit, upgradation (in lieu of promotion), increments/anomaly etc may call for legal advice/opinion.
III.
Conduct of Cases A dispute of difference between the parties in any of the above matters such as recruitment/service matters, contract may lead to litigation at various venues such as Industrial Tribunal/Labour Court, various Civil Courts, and High Courts of
Departmental authorities such as Sales Tax/Transport Commissioner/Tribunals (Central Excise Commission/Collector (Appeals), Central Excise & Gold Control Appellate Tribunal (CEGAT). In case of purchase/contract disputes are also referred to Arbitration.
In these cases, the Standing Counsels at Ernakulam and Trivandrum appear in Courts for the company. All the necessary information and documents required in the cases for filling/presenting in Court have to be obtained from the concerned Departments Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 60
and transmitted to the Standing Counsels. Where the Judgment/Award of the Court or Authority contains any direction to the Company the Department has to pursue action for compliance with such direction stipulated in the judicial pronouncements.
IV.
Disciplinary Proceedings Being an establishment employing above 1200 employees (Managerial and Subordinate Service), naturally questions of discipline may come up most often. Having got the certified Standing Order, and the misconducts well define therein, any act affecting discipline cannot but be taken cognizance of. Disciplinary proceedings start with issuance of chargesheet with details of the alleged misconduct and calling for the delinquents explanation which is not found satisfactory, domestic enquiry is ordered: this involves posting of the Enquiry officer and Presenting Officer, culminating in the Enquiry Report of the Enquiry officer and award of punishment, if found guilty, based on the Enquiry Report. At any of these stages legal opinion/advice may be sought so as to ensure that the Managements action is legally sound, as also to ensure that the delinquent is accorded reasonable opportunity to present/defend his case and natural justice meted out to him.
In addition to these duties with regard to disciplinary proceedings in general, officers in the Department are posted as Enquiry/Presenting Officer in which case they have to play the role of the judge or prosecutor respectively.
V.
Commercial Transactions In the course of business, the Company has to enter into agreements/contracts with various suppliers, customers and contractors for supply of material, servicing of
equipment supplied, executing of contract works etc throughout the country and even abroad at times.
Documents embodying these contracts have to be drafted/approved/vetted by this Department. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 61
In case of delay or default in supply or execution of work as per contract also, this department shall have to intervene at various stages by way of issue of show cause notice, termination of control, blacklisting of the party etc.
VI.
Financial Matters Mainly the financial matters referred for legal opinion relate to levy of charges such as Excise duty/MODVAT claims, Sales Tax etc., on material purchased/sold by the company. There being a bulk of statues in the country governing industry/labour in addition to the ordinary enactments on civil matters, a legal issue may spring up in anything related to the Company any time, warranting involvement of Legal Department.
Figure No: 4.19 Structure of Legal Department
Director
Registrar
Law Officer
CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

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SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT analysis is the process of analyzing the various strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats of an organization. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. Thus, SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business venture. The SWOT network was described in the late 1960s. SWOT analysis is a tool for audit an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. Strengths: By analyzing the strengths of any competitor, a business can adjust its own strategy to obtain a differential advantage. Strengths of a business may include a pricing advantage, better terms, free delivery, better service and better advertisement, among others. To be more competitive, a business may consider the associated factors and similarly provide the aforementioned pricing, service, etc,attributes of the person or company that is helpful to achieving the objective. Weaknesses: Weaknesses are any problems that limit the amount of business a company may accrue. In contrast to the strengths of a business, weaknesses may include poor customer service, poor delivery transit times and expensive pricing. These weaknesses are usually factors that require improvement. Competitors who notice these weaknesses can take differential advantage and target the customers of that business, attributes of the person or company that is harmful to achieving the objective Opportunities: After identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a competitor, a business may recognize possible opportunities that may exist. If there are new products a market requires, a business with all of the strengths and none of the weaknesses will easily steal the opportunity. Also, changes in an industry may open the door to new opportunities. Suppose a specific ingredient in shampoos is deemed hazardous to the health; all hair care manufacturers utilizing
this ingredient are now searching for a substitute. This is considered an opportunity for ingredient manufacturers, external conditions that is helpful to achieving the objective Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 63
Threats: The final factor involved in the SWOT acronym is threats. Threats may include weaknesses that will eventually affect the business more severely. If the aforementioned weaknesses are not improved upon, a company may lose sales to another competitor and face additional roadblocks. These threats may include losing shelf space, becoming obsolete or replaced by technology and eventually going out of business, external conditions which could do damage to the objective.
Figure No: 5.1 SWOT
USE OF SWOT ANALYSIS
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The uses of SWOT analysis are not limited to profit-seeking organizations. SWOT analysis may be used in any decision-making situation when a desired end-state (objective) has been defined. Example include: non-profit organizations governmental units, and individuals. SWOT analysis may also be used in pre-crisis planning and preventive crisis management. SWOT analysis may also be used in creating a recommendation during a viability study. Here are some examples of what a SWOT analysis can be used to asses: A company (its position in the market, commercial viability, etc) A method of sales distribution A product or brand A business idea A strategic option, such as entering a new market or launching a new product A opportunity to make an acquisition A potential partnership Changing a supplier Outsourcing a service, activity or resource An investment opportunity
SWOT @ CDIT Strengths C-DIT has a talented pool of creative personnel from diverse fields. Quality in services. Good brand image. Impressive list of clientele.
C-DIT is the one and only public sector undertaking owning security hologram production facility in the country.
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Financially sound. Major pillar of support to the Government of Kerala.
Weakness Political interference There is no human resource department to monitor the welfare of workers.
Opportunities Can venture in the newer areas like cyber security. Can develop anti-counterfeiting technologies for the protection of physical and digital documents and secure identification of products, processes and services. Threats Competition from total solution provides like NIC, Keltron, etc. Lack of possibility of technology upgradation of employees.
PESTEL ANALYSIS
WHAT IS PESTEL? PESTEL analysis stand for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal environment analysis and it describes a framework of macro-environment factors used in the environment scanning component of strategic management. This analysis gives an overview of the different macro environment factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation. POLITICAL FACTORS - Political factors include how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environment law, trade restrictions, tariffs and political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the
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government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bad). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education and infrastructure of a nation. As far as C-DIT is concerned the political support has helped the company to withstand during the time when they struggled to survive. Some assistance in funding money for new project is on the card. Even other helps like support in procuring raw material is also there. ECONOMIC FACTORS - Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows expands. Exchange rate affects the cost of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. In C-DIT, economic factors like changes in tax rate will affect our business as we are competing with global players. Government funds and loans will also help the organization to carry out its functions. Exchange rates will also affect ort export business. SOCIAL FACTORS- Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety, trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less willing work force (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Business is not much affected by sociological factors in C-DIT. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS - Technological factors include ecological and environment aspect such as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality and lead to innovation. In C-DIT, technological changes have effects in the business. Modifications in softwares and atomization of various processes are adding value but the new technological advancement by competitors is always creating mess for the company. Technological advancements in marketing like electronic media are also adding value to us. The investments in technological developments like research are comparatively low.
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LEGAL FACTORS - Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. In C-DIT, the following factors are found: a. Legislation in areas such as employment, competition, health and safety b. Changes in government policies will affect our business. c. Change in Government may affect our business. d. Restrictions provided by the government.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS - Environmental factors include weather, climate and climate change which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer it is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones.
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CHAPTER 6
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PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL

Figure 6.1 Porters Five Forces Model
POTENTIAL ENTRANTS
Entry Barriers
Threat of New Entrants
Bargaining
SUPPLIERS
RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING FIRMS
BUYERS
Bargaining power power
Bargaining
Constraints SUBSTITUTES
on Pricing
The competitive structure of industries is a very important in business environment .Identification of forces affecting the competitive dynamics of an industry will be very useful in formulating strategies
According to Michel porters well known model of structural analysis of industries, the state of competition in an industry depends on five basic competitive forces viz; Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 70
A. Rivalry among existing firms B. Threat of new entrants C. Threat of substitutes D. Bargaining power of suppliers E. Bargaining power of customers
A. Rivalry among Existing Firms Rivals are competitors within an industry. Rivalry in the industry can be weak, with few competitors that dont compete very aggressively. Or it can be intense, with many competitors fighting in a cut-throat environment.
1) Number of Firms- more firms will lead to increased competition 2) Fixed costs- with high fixed costs as a percentage of total cost, companies must sell more products to cover those costs, increasing market competition. 3) Product Differentiation- products that are relatively the same will compete based on price. Brand identification can reduce rivalry.
As far as C-DIT is concerned, other solution providers like NIC, Keltron, etc are there in the industry, but there is no rivalry between C-DIT and these companies.
B. Threat of New Entrants One of the defining characteristics of competitive advantage is the industry barrier to entry. Industry with high barriers to entry is usually too expensive for new firms to enter. Industries with low barriers to entry are relatively cheap for new firms to enter. The threat of new entrants rises as the barrier to entry is reduced in a marketplace. As more firms enter a market, rivalry increases, and profitability will fall (theoretically) to the point where there is no incentive for new firms to enter the industry.
Here are some common barriers to entry as C-DIT is concerned:
Patents- patented technology can be a huge barrier preventing other firms from joining the market. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 71
High cost of entry- the more it will cost to get started in an industry, the higher the barrier to entry. Brand Loyalty- when brand loyalty is strong within an industry, it can be difficult and expensive to enter the market with a new product.
C. Threat of substitutes This is probably the most overlooked, and therefore most damaging, element of strategic decision making. Its imperative that business owners not only look at what the companies direct competitors are doing, what other types of products people could but instead. When switching costs (the costs a customer incurs to switch to a new product) are low the threat of substitutes is high. As in the case when dealing with new entrants, companies may aggressively price their products to keep people from switching. When the threat of substitutes is high, profit margins will tend to be low. As C-DIT is mainly undertaking the projects of the Government, there will not be any threat from substitutes. The Government of Kerala entrusted C-DIT for completing these kinds of projects, so there will not be any substitutes.
D. Bargaining power of Suppliers When multiple suppliers are producing a commoditized product, the company will make its purchase decision based mainly on price, which tends to lower cost. On the other hand, if a single supplier is producing something the company has to have, the company will have a little leverage to negotiate a better price. Size plays a factor here as well. If the company is much larger than its suppliers, and purchase in large quantities, then the supplier will have very little power to negotiate. A few factors that determine supplier power include:
1) Supplier concentration- the fewer the number if suppliers for a given product, the more power they will have over the company. 2) Switching Costs- suppliers become more powerful as the cost to change to another supplier increases.
3) Uniqueness of product- suppliers that produce products specifically for a company will have more power than commodity suppliers. Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 72
Some of the suppliers to C-DIT are ETL Trivandrum, Hykon India Pvt Ltd, Trivandrum, etc CDIT negotiate with these suppliers to have a reasonable dealing with them.
E. Bargaining power of customers There are two types of buyer power. The first is related to the customers price sensitivity. If each brand of a product is similar to all the others, then the buyer will base the purchase decision on price. This will increase the competitive rivalry, resulting in lower prices, and lower productivity.
The other type of buyer power relates to negotiating lower prices. When there are many small buyers of a product, all other things remaining equal, the company supplying the product will have higher prices and higher margins. Conversely, if a company sells to a few large buyers, those buyers will have significant leverage to negotiate better pricing.
Some factors affecting buyer power are: Size of buyer- large buyers will have more power over suppliers. Number of buyers- when there are a small number of buyers, they will tend to have more power over suppliers. The Department of Defense is an example of a single buyer with a lot of power over suppliers. Purchase quantity- when a customer purchases a large quantity of a suppliers output, it will exercise more power over the supplier. C-DIT is directly undertaking the projects of the Government. So there will not exist any bargaining from the customers.
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CHAPTER 7 FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
FINDINGS
C-DIT has evolved as a centre of convergence over years, currently over years, currently offering a plethora of services. C-DIT implemented a number of innovative projects for various clients in Kerala such as installation of Digital imaging Printing System in all the 308 Sub-registrar offices in Kerala, re introducing the CMs interaction programme Sutharya Keralam with new perspective and vision, etc. The success in the financial year 2009-2010 acted as a morale booster in fixing large targets in the forthcoming years. C-DIT is the one and only public sector undertaking owning security hologram production facility in the country. C-DIT has successfully realized various prestigious projects on behalf of the Government of India and Government of Kerala. C-DIT has a talented pool of creative personnel from diverse fields. The competition from other solution providers doesnt affect the existence of CDIT. Political interference in matters like appointments, promotion and deployment of job etc. Lack of possibility of technology upgradation employees. There is absenteeism in the company that affects the flow of work. . There is no adequate number of employees for meeting the job needs. Research and development department is weak.
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CONCLUSION
As encouraging signs of recovery have appeared from one of the worst economic crisis, information technology is bound to play an increasingly prominent role as key enabler of renewed and sustainable growth, given that it has become an essential element of the infrastructure underpinning competitive economics. The study conducted at C-DIT helped to analyze the activities of various departments. C-DIT is getting ready for a quantum leap-not only in terms of business and turnover, but also in terms of diversification and quality up-gradation. All the teams in C-DIT are all geared to meet the challenging target of 40 core turnover in the current financial year. By appropriate planning, Coordination and control, C-DIT as able to attain its objectives.
The study gives light to the various departments in the organization, and helps to understand the organizational activities, organizational discipline, communication etc. C-DIT and its functions help to improve the IT services in Kerala. Its services and activities are well reached among the public, because all the functions are done through its marketing societies. C-DIT is now in a growing stage.
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SUGGESTIONS
In order to understand the problems and need of workers and to provide welfare measures to them, a human resource department should be constituted separately. It would be better to include all the teams now working outside the C-DIT main centre, in the main centre to reduce the employees to cope with the technological advancements. C-DIT can focus into new areas like cyber security, development of anticounterfeiting technologies. As far as possible, political interference should be avoided. Strict schedule of work should be maintained to avoid absenteeism. The federation should speed up their ongoing projects to capture the market and to produce diversified products. Recruit more skilled and unskilled employees to avoid workload and stress. The company must have to give more attention to research department for new diversified products. The organization must install and use more advanced technology.
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Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam

purpose of organizational study is to familiarize with the setup and functioning of

Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam

Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor

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Organization chart Strategic Intend Products

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Chapter V: Environmental analysis SWOT analysis PESTEL analysis

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CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

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Source: Secondary Data

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Top 8 I.T Hubs in India Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 11

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam

: Popularly known as the Silicon Valley of India is currently the leading

: Pune, a major industrial town, hosts numerous multinational and national

Department of I.T Government of India Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 12

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam

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LINKAGES/CLIENTELE Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Page 17

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Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam

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New Projects in C-DIT

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ORUMA - Free software based billing application of KSEB

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14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Source: Secondary Data

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the branch, department, workgroup and individual.

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Figure No: 3.2 Organization Structure

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION;

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Source: Secondary Data