Curs 03

Read the text below and complete the following the tasks. The cavity of the mouth is placed at the commencement of the digestive tube; it is a nearly oval-shaped cavity which consists of two parts: 1. . The Vestibule (vestibulum oris) is a slit-like space, bounded externally by the lips and cheeks; internally by the gums and teeth. It communicates with the surface of the body by the rima or orifice of the mouth. Above and below, it is limited by the reflection of the mucous membrane from the lips and cheeks 2. . It receives the secretion from the parotid salivary glands, and communicates, when the jaws are closed, with the mouth cavity proper by an aperture on either side behind the wisdom teeth, and by narrow clefts between opposing teeth. The Mouth Cavity Proper (cavum oris proprium) is bounded laterally and in front by the alveolar arches with their contained teeth; behind, it communicates with the pharynx by a constricted aperture termed the isthmus faucium. It is roofed in by the hard and soft palates, while the greater part of the floor is formed by the tongue, 3. . It receives the secretion from the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands. The mucous membrane lining the mouth is continuous with the integument at the free margin of the lips, and with the mucous lining of the pharynx behind; it is of a rosepink tinge during life, and very thick where it overlies the hard parts bounding the cavity. It is covered by stratified squamous epithelium. The Lips (labia oris), the two fleshy folds which surround the rima or orifice of the mouth, are formed externally of integument and internally of mucous membrane, 4. . The inner surface of each lip is connected in the middle line to the corresponding gum by a fold of mucous membrane, the frenulumthe upper being the larger. 1. Four sentences have been removed from the text. Select the appropriate sentence for each gap in the text. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. 4 points A). the remainder by the reflection of the mucous membrane from the sides and under surface of the tongue to the gum lining the inner aspect of the mandible. B). to the gum covering the upper and lower alveolar arch respectively. C). an outer, smaller portion, the vestibule, and an inner, larger part, the mouth cavity proper. D). between which are found the Orbicularis oris muscle, the labial vessels, some nerves, areolar tissue, and fat, and numerous small labial glands. E). the enamel, which covers the exposed part of the crown. 2. Give the synonyms or explain the underlined words. 6 points 3. Sum up the text in about 50 words. 10 points 4. For the following questions, choose the answer (A, B, C) which fits according to the text. 6 points 1. The mouth is bounded externally by: A. teeth and gums B. cheeks and lips C. a mucous membrane 2. The mouth cavity is bounded laterally by: A. the parotid salivary glands B. the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands C. by the alveolar arches with their contained teeth 3. The inner surface of each lip is connected to the gums by: A. by an aperture B. the frenulum

C. the isthmus faucium

5. QUESTIONS: (Choose the best response for each one) 1. I think my filling __________________________. A. fell out; B. fell off; C. fell away 2. I'll have to take an __________________________. A. radiograph; B. ex-shot; C. x-ray 3. That isn't the tooth that's causing the __________. It's the one next to it. A. hurt; B. painful; C. pain 4. A root __________________________ involves removing the nerve from a specific tooth. A. canal; B. hole; C. cave 5. Does this __________________________? = Does this cause you pain? A. pain; B. negative; C. hurt 6. When was your last __________________? = When was the last time you had your teeth checked? A. search; B. check-up; C. look-through 7. Your gums are _________________________. You might have an infection. A. swollen; B. big; C. blown-up 8. My gums are really _______________________. A. sensory; B. sensitive; C. sensible 9. I'll ____________________ you for an appointment next Monday. A. make; B. schedule; C. give 10. ______________________, please. = Wash your mouth with water, please. A. drink; B. take; C. rinse 11. I _______________________ my tooth. = Part of my tooth broke off. A. shopped; B. chipped; C. shaped 12. If I give you local _______________, you won't feel any pain. A. painless; B. medicine; C. anaesthesia

16. She is my ______________. ( = helper) A. assailant; B. asylum; C. assistant 17. You have a ______________ in that tooth. A. cavity; B. cave; C. caveat 18. I suggest we put a porcelain ________________ on that tooth. A. crown; B. crane; C. corn 19. We won't be able to finish the ________________ today. A. treat; B. treatment; C. treating 20. How ____________________ do you brush your teeth? A. many; B. times; C. often 21. Is the pain recurrent? = Does the pain ___________? A. come and go; B. arrive and leave; C. in and out 22. I will prescribe some antibiotics as well as some ________________ for after your operation. A. painmurderers; B. pain-killers; C. antihistamines 23. We'll have to __________________ that tooth = We'll have to remove that tooth. A. extract; B. excel; C. accept 24. It would be best to remove all four of your _______ teeth. A. intelligent; B. wisdom; C. smart 25. Is your cheek still _______________? = Do you still have no feeling in your cheek? A. dumb; B. lame; C. numb 26. You should ____________ eating hot food for the next 2 hours. = You should not eat hot food for the next two hours. A. avert; B. evade; C. avoid 27. Could you bite down on this paper and __________ your teeth? (= rub your teeth together) A. grind; B. grow. C. greet 28. ___________ ( = keeping your mouth and teeth clean) is extremely important. A. mouth cleanliness; B. oral hygiene; C. orally clean 29. ____________ refers to an inflammation of the gums. A. ginger; B. genetics; C. gingivitis

13. This won't hurt at all. = You won't _____________. A. feel me; B. feel a thing; C. feel a bit 14. Most people hate the sound of a dentist's ________. A. drill; B. drawl; C. drip 15. I'm sorry, but your dental plan does not __________ ( = pay for) this type of treatment. A. cover; B. assist; C. make

30. The glossy, visible part of a tooth is called it's _______. A. enamel; B. animal; C. anomaly

6. Local anesthetics anesthetics common epinephrine Jaw mandible Dentist injection tongue anesthetized lidocaine nerve xylocaine body novocaine during molar combination The most commonly used local anesthetic is .. (also called .. or lignocaine), a modern replacement for .. and procaine. Its half-life in the body is about 1.52 hours. Other local .. in current use include septocaine, marcaine (a long-acting anesthetic), and mepivacaine. A .. of these may be used depending on the situation. Also, most agents come in two forms: with and without ... The most .. technique, effective for the lower teeth and .., is inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia. An .. blocks sensation in the inferior alveolar .., which runs from the hinge of the jaw down the back of the .., connecting to the lower teeth, lower lip, chin, and ... The inferior alveolar nerve probably is .. more often than any other nerve in the ... To anesthetize this nerve, the .. inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patients last ... Several nondental nerves are usually anesthetized .. an inferior alveolar block. numb diffuse enters Innervation produce Improperly directly lingual needle Mucosa side Blocked paralysis locally wears Point anesthesia The mental nerve, which supplies cutaneous .. to the anterior lip and chin, is a distal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. When the inferior alveolar nerve is .., the mental nerve is blocked also, resulting in a .. lip and chin. Nerves lying near the .. where the inferior alveolar nerve .. the mandible often are also anesthetized during inferior alveolar ... For example, the .. nerve can be anesthetized to .. a numb tongue. The facial nerve lies some distance from the inferior alveolar nerve, but in rare cases anesthetic can .. far enough posteriorly to anesthetize that nerve. The result is a temporary facial palsy (.. or paresis), with the injected .. of the face drooping because of flaccid muscles, which disappears when the anesthesia .. off. If the facial nerve is cut by an .. inserted needle, permanent facial palsy may occur. The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized .. because they are difficult to approach with a ... For this reason, the upper are usually anesthetized .. by inserting the needle beneath the oral .. surrounding the teeth.

7. Use the words in bald at the end of each sentence to form another word that fits in the space. 1. Im afraid he is the most unpleasant, most.... person I know. agree 2. They packed their...and left. belong

3. They were poor but their small house was always ...clean and tidy. 4. They sat down to dinner round a large... table. circle 5. The boy was so... that he broke almost everything he touched. care

surprise

8. Rewrite the following sentences beginnning as shown, so that the meaning stazs the same: 1. He met Rita when he went on holiday to Italy last year. If he. 2. Ive never met a more dependable person than Brenda. Brenda is 3. Someone opened the door just after she rang the bell. No sooner 4. People say that she has been all over the world. She is 5. People dont make so much noise. Id rather 9. Translate into English: 1. Avea maina de civa ani cnd s-a hotrt s o vnd. 2. oferul a spus c i s-a verificat maina nainte de plecare. 3. Ai avea mai muli prieteni acum dac mi-ai fi urmat sfatul. 4. El joac baschet de cteva luni fiindc i-ar dori s fie mai nalt. 5. Era sigur c va recunoate locul cnd va ajunge acolo, indiferent de ce schimbri s-ar fi putut produce. 10. Some people consider that there some professions from which women should be excluded.Write an opinion essay on the issue above. Support your viewpoint with relevant arguments and examples.