IPv6

Parth Patel
@p4rth www.facebook.com/p4rth

Agenda
Introduction to Internet Protocol (IP)
IPv4 IPv6
Introduction
Expanded Addressing Support for Extensions and Options

Flow Labelling

Business Value Conclusion Q&A

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

Introduction to Internet Protocol

Set of rules governing how data is transmitted across networks, and internetworks Allows data to be split up into packets and sent across multiple routes from sender to receiver
Complex task with multiple solutions
Google.com 209.85.147.105

Brunel.ac.uk 134.83.129.133

Every machine (host) on network given an IP address unique identifier on that network
Technology underpinning the internet

Home-PC 192.168.1.1 Mobile 192.168.1.2

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

IPv4
Introduced in RFC 791, from 1981
Current dominant technology Protocol becoming aged, inefficient workarounds must be used:
Limited number of addresses available Network Address Translation
Addresses must be set manually Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Routing tables in Internet core routers becoming too large

Difficult to track mobile clients (laptops, phones on wifi networks etc) as they move around Triangular Routing
Security, Quality of Service not supported IPSec

IPv4 is unable to meet the needs of today

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

IPv6: Introduction
IP version 6 (IPv6) is a latest version of the Internet protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4
Changes from IPv4 to IPv6
Expanded Addressing capabilities
Address size increase from 32-bits to 128-bits

Header Format Simplification

Improved headers to reduce Processing and Bandwidth cost

Improved Support for Extensions and Options Flow Labelling Capability

Labelling of packets for special handling

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

IPv6: Expanded Addressing

IPv6 has address size of 128 bits, to support:
More levels of addressing hierarchy Vast number of addressable nodes Simpler auto-configuration of addresses

128-bit Addresses
2128 = ~340 billion billion billion billion unique addresses

Providing provision for permanent unique addresses to all the individuals and hardware connected
Eliminates need to use techniques such as Network Address Translation (NAT)

IPv6 Address: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

IPv6: Expanded Addressing

Stateless Address Auto-Configuration (SLAAC)
Allows machines to assign own addresses DHCP servers may not be required for some situations reduces overheads

Mobile IPv6
Describes network clients (e.g. laptops) which frequently move between segments of a network, but need to keep the same address IPv4 uses triangular routing very inefficient method IPv6 does not need to use triangular routing
As efficient as native IPv6

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

IPv6: Support for Extensions & Options

Main packet header simplified, converted to fixed-length
Simpler to process

Support added for extension headers

More options allowed, with more data
Flexibility for future expansion

Extension headers support authentication and secure payloads (IPSec)

Mandatory for IPv6 (optional for IPv4)
Allows easier secure communication over networks

Option for sending Jumbograms

Higher throughput (faster transmission) when sending large amounts of data
By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

IPv6: Flow Labelling

Flow Labelling enables classification of data packets belonging to a specific flow
Flow can be defined as sequence of related data packets sent from a source to destination
E.g. Video/Audio stream

Allows network administrators to analyse and optimise end-to-end communications

Can be utilised to implement QoS

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

IPv6: Business Value

Cost Reductions through increased efficiency
Network Administration Capital & Operating cost of NAT devices Multimedia collaborative systems Improved security

Investment Protection
IPv6 longer life span than expenditures on IPv4 systems

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

By Parth Patel (@p4rth)

Conclusion
IPv4
4,000,000,000 total addresses
Global pool fully allocated

IPv6 Simpler to deploy Simpler to maintain Higher network performance Allowances for future improvement Cost savings over equipment lifetime
3.4 x 1038 total addresses
5x1028 per person on Earth

Variable length headers Limited support for extensions

IPSec optional Cannot implement QoS

Simplified, fixed-length header

Support for extensions and options

Mandatory IPSec

No QoS, path optimisation support

Flow labelling for optimised routing, some QoS support Longer lifespan for IPv6 equipment

IPv6 is capable of meeting the needs of today and tomorrow!

Q&A