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WINDTECH Consultants Pty Ltd: 19 Willis St, Wolli Creek NSW 2205 Australia ABN 72 050 574 037 T: (61.2) 9567 0722 F: (61.2) 9567 0733 E: reception@windtech.com.au
www.windtech.com.au
Table of Contents
Page 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Model Description 3.0 Test Procedure 4.0Environmental Wind Speed Criteria 5.0 Results of Study 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Northern Ground Level Areas Eastern Ground Level Areas Southern Ground Level Areas Western Ground Level Areas Upper Ground Level Outdoor Areas 3 4 8 10 17 17 18 18 19 20 25 26
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1.0 Introduction
This report presents the results of a detailed investigation into the wind environment impact in relation to the development known as Opus at Business Bay, Dubai. Wind speed measurements were carried out using a 1:400 scale model of the development. Surround models incorporating the existing neighbouring buildings and local land topography were placed around the model of the site. The surrounds model extends to a radius of approximately 500m from the site. Testing was performed using Windtechs blockage tolerant boundary layer wind tunnel facility, which has a 2.6m wide work section and has a fetch length of 14m. Peak gust wind speeds were measured as well as the mean wind speed. Wind speed measurements from each wind direction are related to reference velocities at a height of 200m and upstream of the proximity model. Wind speed velocity coefficients, representing the local wind speeds are derived from the wind tunnel and are combined with the meteorological data to provide the equivalent fullscale wind speeds. These wind speed measurements are compared with criteria for long and short duration stationary activities and for pedestrian comfort. The results of this study indicate that wind conditions on the eastern side of Ground Level pedestrian access areas and some of the Upper Ground Level outdoor areas exceed the relevant wind comfort criterion. Treatments to these areas have been tested in this report. These include the following: Strategic tree planting around the south-eastern corner of the site on Ground Level Canopy over the Upper Ground Level terrace.
With these treatments in place, wind conditions to all of the trafficable outdoor areas within the site are expected to be acceptable for their intended uses.
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Table 1: The Upstream Terrain Categories Assumed in the Determination of the Reference Wind Speeds Terrain Category (AS/NZS 1170.2:2002)
Wind Direction*
112.5o to 180o
202.5 to 247.5
Suburban Terrain (Terrain Category 3.0) Semi-Urban Terrain (Terrain Category 3.5)
Note: Wind direction is in degrees bearing, i.e., 0o is north, 90o is east, etc
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Figure 1a: Photograph of the Model in the Wind Tunnel (South-Western Aspect)
Figure 1b: Photograph of the Model in the Wind Tunnel (North-Eastern Aspect)
WINDTECH Consultants Pty Ltd -5WA198-01F03(rev0)-WE Report
Figure 1c: Photograph of the Model in the Wind Tunnel (View from the East)
Figure 1d: Photograph of the Model in the Wind Tunnel (View from the North)
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The figure above shows the section of terrain used in the determination of the terrain category type for the 16 wind directions tested. The smaller circle represents the extent of the physical surrounds model tested in the wind tunnel, which for this study had a radius of 500m. The larger circle, which is 2km away from the edge of the smaller circle, defines the extent of the fetch length of the development. The terrain category defines the wind tunnel setup that was used to replicate the upstream wind flow (velocity profile and turbulence intensity) approaching the model for each direction tested.
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data from this observation station. The station has a height of 10m in a flat terrain (the nearest houses to the observation tower are located about 500m away).
240
120
210
150
180
Annual Maximum Mean Wind Speed (m/s) Directional Frequency for all wind (%) Directional Frequency for wind > 10m/s 95 percentile Mean Wind Speed (m/s)
Figure 3: Reference Wind Speeds and Frequencies for Dubai (corrected for Suburban Terrain at a reference height of 200m)
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The acceptability of wind in any area is dependent upon its use. For example, people walking or window-shopping will tolerate higher wind speeds than those seated at an outdoor restaurant. The following table, developed by Penwarden (1975), is a modified version of the Beaufort Scale, and describes the effects of various wind intensities on people. Note that the applicability column related to wind conditions occurring frequently (approximately once per week on average). Higher ranges of wind speeds can be tolerated for rarer events.
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Table 3: Summary of Wind Effects on People (after Penwarden, 1975) Type of Winds Calm, light air Light breeze Gentle breeze Moderate breeze Fresh breeze Beaufort Number 1 2 3 4 5 Wind Speed (m/s) 0 - 1.5 1.6 - 3.3 3.4 - 5.4 5.5 - 7.9 8.0 10.7 Effects Calm, no noticeable wind Wind felt on face Hair is disturbed, Clothing flaps Raises dust, dry soil and loose paper - Hair disarranged Force of wind felt on body Umbrellas used with difficulty, Hair blown straight, Difficult to walk steadily, Wind noise on ears unpleasant. Inconvenience felt when walking. Generally impedes progress, Great difficulty with balance. People blown over by gusts.
Strong breeze
10.8 13.8
7 8 9
Lawson (1973) quotes that Beaufort 4 wind speeds (6 to 8m/s means) would be acceptable if it is not exceeded for more than 4% of the time; and a Beaufort 6 (11 to 14m/s means) as being unacceptable if it is exceeded more than 2% of the time. Davenport (1972) had also provided a set of criteria in terms of the Beaufort Scale and for various return periods. The values presented in Table 4, below, are based on a frequency of exceedance of once per week (a probability of exceedance of 5%).
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Table 4: Criteria by Davenport (1972) Classification Human Activities Acceptable for walking, main public accessways Slow walking, etc. Generally acceptable for walking & short duration stationary activities such as windowshopping, standing or sitting in plazas. Generally acceptable for long duration stationary activities such as in outdoor restaurants & theatres and in parks. 95 Percentile Maximum Mean (once per week) 7.5 m/s>u>10 m/s 5.5 m/s>u> 7.5 m/s
3.5 m/s>u
Later, Lawson (1975) came up with a set of criteria very similar to those of Davenports. These are presented in Tables 5a and 5b, below.
Table 5a: Comfort Criteria by Lawson (1975) Classification Business Walking Pedestrian Walking Short Exposure Activities Long Exposure Activities Human Activities Objective Walking from A to B Slow walking, etc. Pedestrian Standing or sitting for a short time Pedestrian sitting for a long duration 95 Percentile Maximum Mean (once per week) 8 m/s>u>10 m/s 6 m/s>u> 8 m/s 4 m/s>u> 6 m/s 4 m/s>u
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Table 5b: Safety Criteria by Lawson (1975) Classification Safety all weather areas Safety fair weather areas Human Activities Accessible by the general public Private outdoor areas such as balconies, terraces etc Annual Maximum Mean 15 m/s 20 m/s
Melbourne (1978) introduced a set of criteria for the assessment of environmental wind conditions. These criteria were developed for temperatures in the range from 10oC to 30oC and for people suitably dressed for outside temperature conditions. These criteria are based on peak gust wind speeds. Melbournes criteria are outlined in Table 6 below. This set of criteria tends to be more conservative than criteria suggested by other researchers such as those indicated in Figure 4.
Table 6: Criteria by Melbourne (1978) Classification Limit for safety Marginal Comfortable Walking Human Activities Completely unacceptable: people likely to get blown over. Unacceptable as main public accessways. Acceptable for walking, main public accessways Generally acceptable for walking & short duration stationary activities such as windowshopping, standing or sitting in plazas. Generally acceptable for long duration stationary activities such as in outdoor restaurants & theatres and in parks. Annual Maximum Gust U>23m/s 23 m/s>u>16 m/s 16 m/s>u>13 m/s
13 m/s>u>10 m/s
10 m/s>u
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The criteria mentioned in Table 6, as well as other criteria, are compared on a probabilistic basis as indicated in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Comparison of Various Mean and Gust Wind Environment Criteria, Assuming 15% Turbulence and a Gust Factor of 1.5 (after Melbourne, 1978)
However, a comparative study presented by Ratcliff and Peterka (1990) tends to indicate that the criteria suggested by Melbourne (1978) are considerably more conservative that that by other researchers. This study is based on measurements taken from a total of 246 locations in various urban situations. The results are indicated in Figure 5. This discrepancy stems from the assumption of 15% turbulence intensity, which is unusually low. The turbulence intensity is typically in excess of 25%. From our research, the adoption of 25% turbulence intensity would result in a much more comparable outcome in terms of other criteria as well as peoples perceptions.
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Figure 5: Distribution of Pedestrian Wind Comfort over Five Criteria for 246 locations examined in the Wind Tunnel (after Ratcliff & Peterka, 1990)
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CRITERIA USED FOR THIS STUDY For this study, the assessment of the local wind climate within and around the site has been based on two sets of criteria. These are as follows: All areas of the development are compared to the Melbourne (1978) Safety Limit criterion of 23m/s for an Annual Maximum peak wind speed (see Table 6). All Ground Level entries to the building and Upper Ground Level outdoor areas are compared against the Davenport (1972) short exposure criterion (see Table 4). This is because these areas will be commonly used by pedestrians for short duration stationary activities. All pedestrian access areas on the Ground Level and common areas located on the northern outdoor podium areas are compared against the Davenport (1972) comfortable walking criterion for GEM wind speeds (see Table 4).
Note that the gust wind speeds, for use with the Davenport criteria, have been converted to a Gust Equivalent Mean (GEM) wind speed. The GEM is defined as the maximum of the following: Mean wind speed Gust wind speed divided by a gust factor derived using the local turbulence intensity measurements Gust wind speed divided by a maximum Gust Factor equal to 2
In this study we have used the abovementioned Davenport criteria in conjunction with the GEM defined above as this has proven over time to be the most reliable indicator of pedestrian comfort based on input received when undertaking remedial wind environment studies.
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5.1
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5.2
5.3
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Results and Recommendations: Initial tests show that the wind conditions at the Ground Level entrances represented by Points 28, 29 and 30 generally satisfy GEM short exposure criterion. Hence the wind conditions at the ground level entrances will be suitable for their intended uses. The results of the initial test indicate that the wind conditions at all southern Ground Level areas satisfy GEM comfortable walking criterion except for Point 12. Point 12 was retested with the effect of 2m high porous screens along the north-western and south western edges on the Upper Ground Level western edge of terrace. The results of the retest show that the screen is effective in wind mitigation to bring the wind conditions to meet the GEM comfortable walking criterion. The 2.5m canopy option recommended for the Upper Ground Level Terrace will provide a similar level of protection for this area.
5.4
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5.5
The results of the retests show that both the 2m high porus and the 2m high impermeable screen options failed to provide wind mitigation to the area represented by Point 37. The both screen options were effective for Point 34, although the porous screen option was slightly more effective (maximum 25% porosity). Points 34 and 37 were retested with the effect of 2.5m high canopy that wraps around the terrace as indicated in Figure 7b. The results of the retests show that the canopy option is the most effective form of wind mitigation for the upper ground level terrace areas. With the canopy, the wind conditions at both Points 34 and 37 satisfy the GEM short exposure criterion. This canopy will provide wind mitigation to all areas on the Upper Ground Level outdoor areas.
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6.0 Conclusion
A wind tunnel study has been carried out to investigate the wind environment effects pertaining to the development known as the Opus I-Cube, Dubai Business Bay. The results of this study indicate that wind conditions on the eastern side of Ground Level pedestrian access areas and some of the Upper Ground Level outdoor areas exceed the relevant wind comfort criterion. Treatments to these areas have been tested in this report. These include the following: Strategic tree planting around the south-eastern corner of the site on Ground Level Canopy over the Upper Ground Level terrace.
With these treatments in place, wind conditions to all of the trafficable outdoor areas within the site are expected to be acceptable for their intended uses.
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References
Aynsley, R.M., Melbourne, W., Vickery, Aerodynamics, Applied Science Publishers. B.J., 1977, Architectural
Davenport, A.G., 1972, An approach to human comfort criteria for environmental conditions, Colloquium on Building Climatology, Stockholm. Lawson, T.V., 1973, The wind environment of buildings: a logical approach to the establishment of criteria, Bristol University, Department of Aeronautical Engineering. Lawson, T.V., 1975, The determination of the wind environment of a building complex before construction, Bristol University, Department of Aeronautical Engineering. Melbourne, W.H., 1978, "Criteria for Environmental Wind Conditions", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol.3, pp.241249. Melbourne, W.H., 1978, "Wind Environment Studies in Australia", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol.3, pp.201-214. Penwarden, A.D., and Wise A.F.E., 1975, "Wind Environment Around Buildings", Building Research Establishment Report, London. Ratcliff, M.A. and Peterka, J.A., 1990, Comparison of Pedestrian Wind Acceptability Criteria", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol.36, pp.791-800.
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Appendix
Plots of Wind Tunnel Results
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NNE NE
NW
7 6 5
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
SSE
Retest 4 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (With additional 6m tall tree north east of the point, and 1.2m tall shrubs north east, and north west of the point) Retest 3 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
NE
Melbourne's Comfortable Walking Criterion (16m/s)
WNW
10 5
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (With additional 6m tall tree north east of the point, and 1.2m tall shrubs north east, and north west of the point) Retest 3 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
NE
Modified Davenport Comfortable Walking Criterion (7.5m/s)
WNW
4 2
ENE
Retest 1 (With 6m tall trees north and north west of the point)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (With additional 6m tall tree north east of the point, and 1.2m tall shrubs north, north east, and north west of the point) Retest 3 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
NE
Melbourne's Comfortable Walking Criterion (16m/s)
WNW
10
ENE
Retest 1 (With 6m tall trees north and north west of the point)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (With additional 6m tall tree north east of the point, and 1.2m tall shrubs north, north east, and north west of the point) Retest 3 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
NW
7 6 5
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
SSE
Retest 4 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
10 5
ENE
WSW
ESE
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
NW
7 6 5
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
SSE
Retest 4 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 1 (With 6m tall trees south west and north east of the point)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 1 (With 6m tall trees south west and north east of the point)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
NW
7 6 5
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
SSE
Retest 4 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
20
WNW
10
ENE
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 1 (With a 2m tall porous screen at the edge of the outdoor terrace) Retest 2 (With a canopy around the entire surrounding outdoor terrace) Retest 3 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE NE
20
WNW
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 1 (With a 2m tall porous screen at the edge of the outdoor terrace) Retest 2 (With a canopy around the entire surrounding outdoor terrace) Retest 3 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 1 (With a 2m tall porous screen at the edge of the outdoor terrace) Retest 2 (With a 2m tall impermeable screen at the edge of the outdoor terrace) Retest 3 (With a canopy around the entire surrounding outdoor terrace) Retest 4 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 1 (With a 2m tall porous screen at the edge of the outdoor terrace) Retest 2 (With a 2m tall impermeable screen at the edge of the outdoor terrace) Retest 3 (With a canopy around the entire surrounding outdoor terrace) Retest 4 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Modified Davenport Short Exposure Criterion (5.5m/s)
WNW
4 3 2 1
ENE
Modified Davenport Fast Walking Criterion (10m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)
NNE NE
Melbourne's Short Exposure Criterion (13m/s)
20
WNW
10
ENE
Melbourne's Limit of Safety Criterion (23m/s)
WSW
ESE
Retest 2 (Not Required)
SW SSW S SSE
SE
Retest 3 (Not Required)