Annexure 8.

6
GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF PLAIN JOINTED RIGID
PAVEMENTS FOR HIGHWAYS
Inputs
Design Period
CBR Value of subgrade
Thickness of DLC
Trial Thickness
Posson's Ratio of Concrete
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete

Calculations
Modulus of subgrade reaction (kg/cm3)
(from Table 2)
Effective k over 150 m DLC
Wheel Load
Single Axle
Tandem Axle
Radius of relative stiffness

h
U

30
10
150
32
0.15
300000

Years
%
mm
cm
kg/cm2

5.5 kg/cm3
41.7 kg/cm3

21 tonne
40 tonne
111.10 cm

Annexure 8.6

Analysis of Axle Load Survey for Rigid Pavement Design

Single Axles
Axle Load
(tonnes)
0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-22
22-24
24-26
26-28
28-30
30-32
32-34
34-36
36-38
38-40

LGV

Number of Axles
3-Axle
Multiaxle Bus
0
1
0
35
9
4.5
140.5
29
11.5
590.5
40
13.5
170.5
36
7.5
443
19
5
59.5
4
2.5
66.5
1
4.5
58.5
0
107.5
48.5
0
0.5
65
0
0
28
0
0
2.5
0
0

2-Axle
7
79.5
49.5
61.5
12
7.5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

Total
0.5
5
12
16.5
4
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Total

8
133
242.5
721.5
229.5
482.5
67
71.5
166
49
65
28
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2266

Dual Axles
Axle Load
(tonnes)
0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-22
22-24
24-26
26-28
28-30
30-32
32-34
34-36
36-38
38-40
42-44
44-46
46-48
48-50
50-52
52-54
54-56
56-58
58-60

Number of Axles Total

% Total
3-Axle
Multiaxle
0
0
0
0.00
4
1
5
1.78
4
1
5
1.78
8
3
11
3.91
7
4
11
3.91
2
3
5
1.78
4
3
7
2.49
5
4
9
3.20
110
7.5
117.5 41.81
8
2
10
3.56
10.5
0.5
11
3.91
6.5
0
6.5
2.31
15
1.5
16.5
5.87
6.5
0.5
7
2.49
8.5
1
9.5
3.38
6.5
0
6.5
2.31
5
0.5
5.5
1.96
8
0
8
2.85
11
0
11
3.91
12
0
12
4.27
5.5
0
5.5
1.96
1
0
1
0.36
0
0.5
0.5
0.18
0
0
0.00
0
0
0.00
0
0
0.00
0
0
0.00
0
0
0.00
0
0
0.00
Total
281

Cumulative Cumulative
Total
Total %
0.00
5.00
10.00
21.00
32.00
37.00
44.00
53.00
170.50
180.50
191.50
198.00
214.50
221.50
231.00
237.50
243.00
251.00
262.00
274.00
279.50
280.50
281.00
281.00
281.00
281.00
281.00
281.00
281.00

0.00
1.78
3.56
7.47
11.39
13.17
15.66
18.86
60.68
64.23
68.15
70.46
76.33
78.83
82.21
84.52
86.48
89.32
93.24
97.51
99.47
99.82
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00

% Total
0.35
5.87
10.70
31.84
10.13
21.29
2.96
3.16
7.33
2.16
2.87
1.24
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Cumulative Cumulative
Total
Total %
8.00
0.35
141.00
6.22
383.50
16.92
1105.00
48.76
1334.50
58.89
1817.00
80.19
1884.00
83.14
1955.50
86.30
2121.50
93.62
2170.50
95.79
2235.50
98.65
2263.50
99.89
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00
2266.00
100.00

Annexure 8.6

Cumulative Frequency %
Single Axle
Axle load
in tonnes

Average axle
load (tonnes)

0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-22
22-24
24-26
26-28
28-30
30-32
32-34
Total

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33

Total No. Average Axle

of Axles (N)
load X N
8
133
242.5
721.5
229.5
482.5
67
71.5
166
49
65
28
2.5
0
0
0
0
2266

8
399
1212.5
5050.5
2065.5
5307.5
871
1072.5
2822
931
1365
644
62.5
0
0
0
0
21811

Euivalency
factor

Damage
%
factor Frequency

0.00022
0.01809
0.13959
0.53626
1.46540
3.27007
6.37911
11.30712
18.65445
29.10725
43.43741
62.50261
87.24626
118.69757
157.97151
206.26881
264.87596

0.001787
2.406154
33.85155
386.9147
336.3098
1577.811
427.4005
808.4587
3096.639
1426.255
2823.432
1750.073
218.1157
0
0
0
0
12887.67

Euivalency
factor

Damage
%
factor Frequency

0.00022
0.01809
0.13959
0.53626
1.46540
3.27007
6.37911
11.30712
18.65445
29.10725
43.43741
62.50261
87.24626
118.69757
157.97151
206.26881
264.87596
335.16523
418.59466
516.70803
631.13492
763.59066
915.87634
1089.87883
1287.57076
1511.01053
1762.34229
2043.79599
2357.68732

0
0.090457
0.69797
5.898908
16.11942
16.35037
44.65378
101.764
2191.898
291.0725
477.8116
406.2669
1439.563
830.883
1500.729
1340.747
1456.818
2681.322
4604.541
6200.496
3471.242
763.5907
457.9382
0
0
0
0
0
0
28300.5

0.35
5.87
10.70
31.84
10.13
21.29
2.96
3.16
7.33
2.16
2.87
1.24
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Cumulative
%
Frequency
0.35
6.22
16.92
48.76
58.89
80.19
83.14
86.30
93.62
95.79
98.65
99.89
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00

Dual Axle
Axle load
in tonnes

Average axle
load (tonnes)

0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-22
22-24
24-26
26-28
28-30
30-32
32-34
34-36
36-38
38-40
42-44
44-46
46-48
48-50
50-52
52-54
54-56
56-58
58-60
Total

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57

Total No. Average Axle

of Axles (N)
load X N
0
5
5
11
11
5
7
9
117.5
10
11
6.5
16.5
7
9.5
6.5
5.5
8
11
12
5.5
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
281

0
15
25
77
99
55
91
135
1997.5
190
231
149.5
412.5
189
275.5
201.5
181.5
280
407
468
225.5
43
22.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5771

0.00
1.78
1.78
3.91
3.91
1.78
2.49
3.20
41.81
3.56
3.91
2.31
5.87
2.49
3.38
2.31
1.96
2.85
3.91
4.27
1.96
0.36
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Cumulative
%
Frequency
0.00
1.78
3.56
7.47
11.39
13.17
15.66
18.86
60.68
64.23
68.15
70.46
76.33
78.83
82.21
84.52
86.48
89.32
93.24
97.51
99.47
99.82
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00

Annexure 8.6

Design Wheel Load - Single Axle

100.00
98th percentile

95.00
90.00
85.00
80.00
75.00
Cumulative Frequency %

70.00
65.00
60.00

55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
21 t

5.00
0.00
1

11

13

15

17

19

Average Wheel Load tonne

21

23

25

27

29

31

Annexure 8.6

Cumulative Frequency %

Design Wheel Load - Tandem Axle

100.00
95.00
90.00
85.00
80.00
75.00
70.00
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00

40 t

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

Average Wheel Load, tonne

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

51

53

55

Annexure 8.6

Check for Temerature Stresses

L
B
L/l
4
5
1
0.1

450 cm
350 cm
4.1
0.44
0.72
0.28
0.014078

Edge Warping Stress

0.454

(C*E*ALPH*t)/2

14.30 kg/cm2

Heighst Axle Load Stress

15.00 kg/cm2

Total Temerature Warping Stress

Safe

29.30 kg/cm2
< 45 kg/cm2

Expected repetitions
Vehicle Type

Check for fatigue life of pavement

2-Axle
29721187

3-Axle
6848943

Multiaxle
959022
S.No.

Vehicle Type
Single Axle
0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-22
22-24
24-26
26-28
28-30
30-32
32-34
34-36
36-38
Tandem Axles
0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
16-18
18-20
20-22
22-24
24-26
26-28
28-30
30-32
32-34
34-36
36-38
38-40
42-44
44-46
46-48

0.35
5.87
10.70
31.84
10.13
21.29
2.96
3.16
7.33
2.16
2.87
1.24
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
1.78
1.78
3.91
3.91
1.78
2.49
3.20
41.81
3.56
3.91
2.31
5.87
2.49
3.38
2.31
1.96
2.85
3.91
4.27
1.96
0.36
0.18

10492917
174444742
318066541
946329935
301015551
632854045
87878178
93780444
217728024
64269115
85254949
36725209
3279037
0
0
0
0
0
0

2417985
40199003
73295174
218072032
69365948
145834727
20250625
21610742
50173191
14810159
19646129
8462948
755620
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
12186731
12186731
26810808
26810808
12186731
17061423
21936116
286388179
24373462
26810808
15842750
40216212
17061423
23154789
15842750
13405404
19498770
26810808
29248154
13405404
2437346
1218673

338578
5628857
10263141
30535489
9712952
20420476
2835589
3026039
7025490
2073789
2750945
1185022
105806
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1706444
1706444
3754178
3754178
1706444
2389022
3071600
40101443
3412889
3754178
2218378
5631266
2389022
3242244
2218378
1877089
2730311
3754178
4095466
1877089
341289
170644

Total Repetitions Single Axle

13249480
1
220272601
2
401624855
3
1194937456
4
380094451
5
799109248
6
110964393
7
118417225
8
274926705
9
81153064
10
107652023
11
46373179
12
4140462
13
0
14
0
15
0
16
0
17
0
18
0
19

0
13893175
13893175
30564986
30564986
13893175
19450446
25007716
326489622
27786351
30564986
18061128
45847479
19450446
26397033
18061128
15282493
22229081
30564986
33343621
15282493
2778635
1389318

48-50
50-52
52-54
54-56
56-58
58-60

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

Check for fatigue life of pavement

Axle
load(tonnes)

Axle load x
Edge load Stress
Load safety
Percentage
stress kg/cm2 ratio
factor

Expected
Fatigue life or
repetitions(n)
Allowable
=x percentage repetitions(N)

Single Axle
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
39.6
42
44.4

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39

1.2
3.6
6
8.4
10.8
13.2
15.6
18
20.4
22.8
25.2
27.6
30
32.4
34.8
37.2
39.6
42
44.4
46.8

7
12
13
17
18
21
25
27
25
29

0
0
0
0
0
9
10
11
12
13
14.5
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
24

0.000
0.000
0.156
0.267
0.289
0.378
0.400
0.467
0.556
0.600
0.556
0.644

0.35
5.87
10.70
31.84
10.13
21.29
2.96
3.16
7.33
2.16
2.87
1.24
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

13249480
220272601
401624855
1194937456
380094451
799109248
110964393
118417225
274926705
81153064
107652023
46373179
4140462
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.33
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.53
0.00

0.00
1.78
1.78
3.91
3.91
1.78
2.49
3.20
41.81
3.56
3.91
2.31
5.87
2.49
3.38
2.31
1.96
2.85
3.91
4.27

0
13893175
13893175
30564986
30564986
13893175
19450446
25007716
326489622
27786351
30564986
18061128
45847479
19450446
26397033
18061128
15282493
22229081
30564986
33343621

14335000
94100
94100
94100
94100

5200000
1287000
229000

The design is safe since the cumulative fatigue life consumed is less than 1.0

Fatigue life
consumed
(n/N)

8.26
2921.64
862.41
1144.02
492.81

2.9389
17.2720
133.4716

5582.824946

Annexure 8.6

Check for Corner Stress

Tyre Pressure
98 percentile axle load
Wheel Load
C/c distance between two tyres
Radius of area contact of wheel
a

8
40
20
31

=(0.8521*P/(q*Pi)+S/Pi(P/0.5227*q)0.5)0.5
36.87794729 cm

Corner Stress
The corner stress is less than the flexural strength of the concrete
It is safe

kg/cm2
t
t
cm

27.38799747

Annexure 8.7C

DESIGN TRAFFIC & MILLION STANDARD AXLE

Khalghat to MP/MH Border (NH-3)
Sendhawa (Km 153.0)
2005
0.5
The Cumulative number if standard axles in msa
0.75
n
N = 365 * [(1+r) -1] * A * D * F
in each direction
Bus
r
LGV
N*LD
in each lane in each direction
2-Axle
3-Axle
M-Axle
Vehicle Type
Bus
LGV
2-axle
3-axle
M-axle
Base Traffic (Both Direction)
137
143
3502
807
113

Project Road
Location
Base Year
Directional Distribution (D)
Lane Distribution
VDF Values (F)

Design Life
Design Period

Bus
137
147
157
168
180
192
205
219
234
250
267
284
301
320
340
361
379
399
420
442
465
485
507
529
552
576
602
628
656
685
715
746
779
813

LGV
143
153
163
174
185
198
210
223
238
253
268
283
298
314
331
349
366
384
403
423
444
465
487
510
535
561
588
616
645
676
709
743
778
816

2-axle
3502
3737
3987
4254
4539
4843
5148
5473
5818
6184
6574
6929
7303
7697
8113
8551
8970
9409
9870
10354
10861
11383
11929
12502
13102
13731
14390
15080
15804
16563
17358
18191
19064
19979

3-axle
807
861
919
980
1046
1116
1186
1261
1341
1425
1515
1597
1683
1774
1869
1970
2067
2168
2275
2386
2503
2623
2749
2881
3019
3164
3316
3475
3642
3817
4000
4192
4393
4604

M-axle
113
121
129
137
146
156
166
177
188
200
212
224
236
248
262
276
289
304
318
334
350
367
385
403
423
443
464
487
510
534
560
587
615
645

8 years
9 years
10 years
15 years
20 years
25 years
30 years

1831
2132
2452
4350
6777
9792
12884

1858
2156
2471
4305
6633
9578
12658

45507
52810
60507
105420
162449
234556
309986

10487
12170
13943
24293
37435
54051
71433

1468
1704
1952
3402
5242
7568
10002

Design Traffic (MSA) per lane in each direction

8 years
9 years
10 years
15 years
20 years
25 years
30 years

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Construction Period
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Vehicle Type
Base (2005)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038

Cumulative Traffic

Total
0 msa
0 msa
0 msa
0 msa
0 msa
0 msa
0 msa

Annexure 8.7C