ADVANCE MARINE DESIGN (MMK 2513)

ASSIGNMENT 1
TREND DESIGN SHIP REGISTERED

RISANDI DWIRAMA PUTRA MM111102

DEPARTMENT MARINE TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY OF MALAYSIA 2011

DESIGN TRENDS SHIP REGISTER IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD

Risandi Dwirama Putra University Technology Malaysia Introduction
In the world market, the development of a country is strongly influenced by economic factors and industry developments. Ship is not a basic industry or primary industries in the sense of agriculture, ship industry is also not a secondary industries like the steel industry or other mining industries. But the ship industry is providing a major influence in the economy. Any type of industry needed its consumer, industrial vessels provide transportation services for all types of production and industry can work well to consumers. Oil and gas industry, steel industry, the tourism industry, and all other types of industries that highly dependent with the ship industry. Each country requires a trade in maritime services. Ship industry is still an important need to distribute results of production to a variety of world industry. With its a lot ships are needed to raise and distribute industrial products to around the world. Developments in the world on ships, especially cargo is growing rapidly. Many of his demand for control every aspect of the world's logistics service, container ships are very a lot in need. Requirement in the delivery of maritime services on the large number of requests on container ship maritime services are not balanced. Industrial development in Asia, causing increased demand for container ships.

Why is researched ?
To know the development for existing ships around the world, there is need for research on classification soecities. with this analysis we can find out what's going trend of the various types of ships are registered and we can find out why this trend occurs, what causes it and we can find out what the next 10 years the ship will be there, what of the trend happened and demand design for next 10 years.

Ship registered in the past decade

Ship data which is used taken from the site e.ship.net. The data was taken from the years 2000-2009. The data is used from various Classification Soecities on the worldwide, existing data is grouped for each type of ship and will be made analysis of each development year. Ships in the analysis was totaled 26192 of ships. Which consists of various types of ships was based on ship classification.

CLASSIFICATION SOECITIES
ETC 14% NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI 15%

AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIIPING 15%

BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA 6% BUREAU VERITAS 14%

LLYLOD REGISTER 14%

GERMANISCHE R LYLOD 12%

DET NORSKE VERITAS 10%

Fig 1. Percentage of ship register in every Classification soecities in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net

Fig. 1 shows the percentage of registered ships in the worldwide. From the year 2000 - 2009, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai and the American Bureau of shipping still dominate the large number of ships registered in the agencies soecities classification that exists on the world, this indicates that economic development in the western and the eastern part have experienced a balanced economic development . The number of ships registered in some eastern parts of the ship registration, showing that the economy of the eastern areas began growing rapidly in the field of ship industry.

Trends Shiping registered in the past decade

Trends that occur on ships registered in the past decade in the world, can be seen from the development of the existing number of vessels each year. To identify the development trend of ship register, the ships are classified based on the type : Offshore Support Vessel Transportation Vessel Liquid Cargo Ship Dry Cargo Ship

For offshore support vessel, the trend can be seen from figure 2 below. 4.1 Offshore Support Vessel. TRENDS SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR OFFSHORE SUPPORT VESSEL
60 QUANTITY OF SHIPPING REGISTRY 50 40 30 20 10 0 1998

2000
DRILL SHIP

2002
FPSO

2004 YEARS

2006

2008

2010

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION

Fig 2. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for offshore support vessel

Trends ships for offshore support vessel have very significant growth, except for a trend in the FPSO, where in 2009 the number of FPSO which registered very few of ship. As for the drillship and offshre constuction has increased very high. This

shows that the future drillship and offshore construction will increasingly, where with the development of the trend drillship and offshore construction industry indicate that oil and gas will increasingly lead to deep water.

4.2 Transportation Vessel

DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR TRANSPORTATION VESSEL
70 QUANTITY OF SHIPPING REGISTRY 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1998

2000

2002

2004 YEARS

2006

2008

2010

PASSANGER SHIP PASSANGER/FERRY

PASSANGER/CARGO ACCOMODATION SHIP

Fig 3. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for Transportation vessel

Trend in the transportation vessel did not develop significantly. In general, for the transportation vessel for the last ten years from the year 2000-2009 did not experience an increase in quantity. Increasing the quantity only for the passenger / ferry in 2007 about 60 ships are registered in the passanger ship worldwide. another vessel for transportation in the past 10 years has decreased. The decrease of the transportation vessel This could result competition on the business of marine transportation industry. Many of its air transportation services causes an alternative of maritime transport industry was second in freight transportation services.

4.3 Liquid Cargo Ship

DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR LIQUID CARGO SHIP
600 QUANTITY OF SHIPPING REGISTRY 500 400 300 200 100 0 1998

2000

2002

2004 YEARS
LNG

2006
LPG

2008
TANKER

2010

CHEMICAL/OIL TANKER

Fig 4. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for Liquid Cargo Ship

The trend going for the ship registered on the type of liquid cargo ship showed improvement. Increased use of liquid cargo ship indicate that the increasing world consumption of oil and gas. Oil usage is still the main energy source which is still needed. Although oil expected to reach its limit, but the oil industry continue to increase until next 2025. As with the development of offshore construction and drillship is increasingly leading to a deep water causing Chemical/Oil tankers and tankers also experienced a significant increase, the future will demand more and more for the oil tankers and chemical tankers. Each year the design and capacity of tankers and chemical/oil tankers will increase. With the new design and larger capacity so chemical/oil tankers and tankers must use double hull system that functions for the prevent leakage of the tanker. The use of oil as a primary energy source on earth must be considered. Oil has led to deep water and the longer the oil contained in the earth's are running

low, and therefore began to consider other alternative energies. LPG and LNG began to be taken seriously. factors that lead to an increase in LNG and LPG are both on the supply side and demand is the continued increase in world gas consumption. The IEA estimates that gas would be one source of global energy is necessary in 2025, an increase in energy consumption of this gas stands at 28% of global energy use in 2025. High import demand also influence the gas industry, which forced the state to increase the amount of quantity of gas production. This advantage is forcing the gas-producing countries to take greater opportunities for exploiting gas, so the development of gas industry also increased.

4.4 Dry Cargo Ship

DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION SHIPPING REGISTRY IN THE PAST DECADE IN THE WORLD FOR DRY CARGO SHIP

600 QUANTITY SHIPPING REGISTRY 500 400 300 200 100 0 1998

2000

2002

2004 YEARS
CONTAINER RO-RO

2006

2008

2010

BULKER GENERAL CARGO SHIP

Fig 5. Trend shipping register in the world from 2000 2009 based on e.ship.net for Dry Cargo Ship

Based on the above data, for the last 10 years is looking dry cargo ship continued the positive trend. An increasing number of dry cargo to prove that there was an increase on the economy of some countries especially from some developing

countries. Industrial exports and imports is still a major factor in the improvement of the economy in a country. Container is one more proof of that the dry cargo showed an increasing trend from year 2000 - 2008, although in the year 2009 decreased. Decrease the amount of container in the year 2009 could be caused by several things, including the economic crisis that occurred in several countries. Despite the decline, the trend for dry cargo will further increase for the future. Economy in the Asian countries show the positive impact, the three lion growing strongly. Economic growth in countries asian gives the positive trend to dry cargo ship. if this condition have continued the possibility of future the three lion can play an important role in the import and export industry in the world. The increase economic competition also gives an influence on the trend of dry cargo ship. number of dry cargo ship is designed also getting bigger from year to year. For the container ship that significant design changes from the early 1980s until now. Early 1990's with a small TEU capacity of Converted cargo capacity of 500 TEU vessel that has a simple design, has now changed into New Panamax design that can carry weight with a capacity of 11,000 to 14,500 TEU with a complex design.

New Building And Design Demand

From this data e.ship.net we can predict the trend will happen for the next 10 years

offshore support vessel The development of offshore support vessels in the future will be dominated by the drillship. Where the number of drill ship will still grow until 2025. Added drill ship caused by the oil resources that the longer the leading deep water

Transportation vessel Development of the marine transport industry is not so good as with the development of container industry. But for the next 10 years. Transportation vessel still needed. Passanger / ferrry will continue to grow well for 10 years in the future. Growth passanger / ferry should be done with a new design with attention to aspects of design and speed of the ship, and security for passengers.

Liquid Cargo ship

Oil is still placed as the main energy source in the world. development of the oil tankers will still take up to 10 years. Oil resources are increasingly leading to deep water will require liquid cargo to transport oil from the field. Tanker in the future should pay attention to design its cargo, any future double-hull tankers must have to prevent the tanker from leaking, thereby reducing environmental damage. Tanker capacity will also grow, due to increasing oil resources in the deep sea, tangker owners will try to raise the capacity of the vessel to reduce operational costs and increase profits. For 10 years oil will still survive, but the main energy source on earth is the longer it will decrease. its other energy alternatives are needed. Gas is an energy alternative sources of oil as an energy balance on Earth. In the future freighter LPG and LNG gas will be more numerous and capacity vessels will be even greater. but the LNG ship will increasingly dominate the future of the LPG. In 2005 the trend of LPG has been decreasing, while the LNG continues to rise. predictable future for the LNG ship visits will be more and more with greater power capacity.

Dry Cargo Ship Ten years would dominate the dry cargo ship of all the trends for existing ships. Container ship is one good trend have served until the next 10 years, economic growth in Asia make a container ship is needed. The new design and larger capacity container will be more greater for 10 years in the future. This trend is still valid if the lack of a global crisis that can caused breaking world economy. if the global economic crisis, the trend of container ships will actually experience a bad trend.

TRENDS IN THE CONTAINER SHIPPING

Risandi Dwirama Putra University Technology Malaysia Introduction
In the process of globalization, the delivery of goods using container ships make an important contribution to international trade. Delivery of goods using the container has been providing shippers with access to safe, easy and relatively cheap for the international market in any part of the world through the networks connecting the trade in each country, with a container ship service also contributed to the income of each country. Container trade growth is also accompanied by the globalization of markets, so competition between the container shipping services has forced the owners to increase productivity and more cost efficient. This makes the growth of the container ship industry makes a vessel owner to provide a better service. Larger vessels, and has a big quantity is used as the main services in the container ship industry.

Historical development
Shipping containers become a very important factor for the world economy. The container has been tremendous growth in the last few decades. A history of shipping containers can be divided into the following periods (Nedyalkov, 2011) Introduction (1958-1970) - is the first commercial container service began in the late 1950s until the design of the first cellular containerships in the 1960s, container is still not considered and acknowledged in the global shipping. Adoption (1970-1990) - became recognized as a product container transport and accelerated investment in intermodal facilities. Growth (1990-2008) - specifies the patterns of Containerization began to seriously impact global trade and production strategies, particularly with the entry of China into the global economy; 2008 is defined as the year of maturity of container traffic. This will be linked with the maturation of the global economy. This can be attributed to a

number of factors and various types of technical, economical and limits of the world recession began in 2008 with the impact on container traffic [1].

Fig 1. Historical development of container ship (Nedyalkov,2011)

From Fig. 1 between the years 1980 to 2004 container traffic has grown more than 80 million TEUs. Beginning in 1980, only around 18 million TEU capacity of container ships, up to 2004 grew by 105 million container TEUs, an increase is more than 100% from early 1980, it is also associated with an average annual growth of 9% growth coumpond . It is estimated that container traffic will further increase between the years 2004 to 2020 with an average 7.6 percent each year. And is expected in 2020 of container traffic reached 371 million TEU. From Figure 1, the historical development of container ships trend shows a steady increase. And is predicted if the trend is still ongoing, container traffic will increase until 2020. This increase requires a change in terms of design and container transport capacity. During the 1990s and in the early 2000s, world container trade growth accelerated to an average growth rate of 9.1 percent per year. This can be attributed to several reasons: international trade liberalization and globalization that has accompanied it, has accelerated the growth of international trade. At the same time, changes in the composition of international trade to shift from basic commodities

towards processed primary products and manufactured goods, also create profitable growth in container volumes. Containerization, the development of terms of trade, with advances in technology the delivery process is not only focused on primary industries, agriculture and steel industry and other mining industry. The development of container volume and growing amount of containers, caused evolving information and other technologies that expand into global trade and also provides stimulation to the volume of container ships. Asia has become a rival in the world container market. With the rapid economic growth in recent years, three tiger has become the new container markets. For example China has emerged as a new major container market which greatly contributes to its special container development trend in Asia. In the early 1990s, containerization was growing up in China. Great progress has been made, and China has grown greatly over the past decade provide competition in the world economy The global economic crisis is affecting the trend of container ship traffic. Because of the global economic crisis negatively impact the world economy which led to adverse impacts on container traffic. in the year 2008 / 2009 world economic crisis has an impact on the delivery and requirements container as a result its impact on global economic growth. If the global economic crisis, a trend that occurs may be different from a given scenario.

Aspect Design which have changed most since 1980s

Aspect design have changed most since 1980s in container ship is ship size keep growing and capacity of container ship is bigger. This development causes changes in shape and size of container ships as well as design aspects of the ship itself. The charge is the greater need greater power, and draft the necessary are also getting bigger, the development of container can be seen from figure 2 below.

Latest Design Global Container and Construction of the Container in the last 5 years
The growth of container traffic led to the growth capacity of container ships. The ship owners prefer to use a larger container ships to reduce costs for transporting cargo. There is a picture of the early development of the container.

Fig 2. Latest design global container

Early development of container or container that is in the first period (1956 - 1970) with the "Converted cargo vessel" which has a length of 135 m and the size of the container only has a capacity of 500 TEUs. In the year (1970 - 1980) comes the second generation of container in the presence of "cellular container ship" with a capacity of 1000 - 2500 TEUs. In the third generation (1988-2000) to the

development of container ship cargo capacity and type. This type of third generation container vessels are Panamax class. This ship can carry cargo capacity of 30004000 TEU, which can reach 290 meters in length and has a draft of 11-12 meters. The continued development of the time, the greater the capacity of container ships. The fourth generation of post-Panamax container ship is, by reaching 305 meters long and capable of carrying capacity of 5000 TEUs. Post Panamax experiencing significant growth. Beginning in the 2000s. Post Panamax developed more into postPanamax Plus, which has a length of 335 meter long ship and has a capacity of 8000 TEUs reached. And continued development of the container ship served until the present. In the sixth generation container appears is "New Panamax" which was 397 m long and with a capacity of 11,000 to 14,500 TEUs. contructionPanamax-class the largest is the Emma Maersk of Denmark with a capacity of 12500-13000 TEU. Emma marsk whic has length 352,18 meter, draught 15 meter, breadth 42,8 meter and 63,5 air draft.

Fig 3 Germanisher Lylod

Asia Container Trend

The development of container shows a positive direction in ASIA countries. Its successful economic development in Asian countries make important changes in the network container ship in asia. Over the last decade, a wave of economic

development in Asia has brought a progressive structural change in the container shipping network in the inter-continental trade into and from Asia and intra-Asian trade. In the early 1970s, the Asian shipping network largely concentrated in Japan, Hong Kong, China, and Singapore. concentration of its container shipping network, causing areas in the region of Asia another less experienced decent growth rate. Lane shipping containers from Europe / Far East traffic that passes through the trans-Pacific and stopped in Japan region. On the other side of the American delivery service was also suspended in Hong Kong and Singapore region. Therefore, the beginning of the container industry in advance of the subcontinent Asian countries are still lagging behind. The growth of China's economy, adding to an increasing number of container lines. Where to asia region, China has started to provide service delivery to these locations to other Asian countries, originally in conjunction with the service to Japan and then with additional specialized services to various countries including Taiwan republic and other countries. Lately, Kaohsiung and Busan area developed as a regional hub. Significant volume of regional cargo sea routes began to emerge in the short path that connects the new centers to the main hub to Japan . With the rapid economic development in Southeast Asia during the 1980s, increasingly complex feeder services were introduced to connect to port a regional hub port keys from Hong Kong, Singapore and Kaohsiung. Shipping companies began experimenting with the addition of line routes in Southeast Asia, including the port of Port Klang and Bangkok. Local routes also developed linking Japan and Singapore, then to the another ports of Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, with the rapid growth of China's container trade, Chinese ports incorporated into new feeder shipping network, adding further complexity to the delivery systems of Asia. Intense network developed between the ports of the Pearl River delta ports and Hong Kong. Busan and Japanese ports increased feeder link with Shanghai and the central and northern regions of China. Cargo originating from China that led to the Japanese now have been combined with other cargo shipping services between ports A number of Southeast Asian and Chinese ports are also developed.

With further growth in Southeast Asia, a new strategy to serve the area in the East Coast of the United States was introduced, with a cargo ship from asia and asian southeast region continue a new route to America via the Suez Canal. This route has proven to be attractive to cargo from Taiwan Province of China and Hong Kong, China and from other Southeast Asia. With the rapid growth of container, increased port handling facilities in mainland China and Hong congestion at ports has been developed, the construction of new ports create greater traffic in the waters of Asia for the better future container ship

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