Testing Directional Relay Elements

Mike Childers, PE, Application Engineer mchilders@doble.com Scott Schnell, PE Application Engineer schnell@doble.com Doble Engineering Company PTUG 2010

Current Polarized Element

The current polarized element uses the internal calculated ground current and compares the phase angle to the neutral current from a Y connected Transformer. If both currents are less than +/- 90 degrees of each other and above minimum current level comparators the fault is forward. The two current level settings are 50GFP Forward Directional Ground Current Pickup and a0 Positive Sequence Current Restraint Factor

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Tests
The 50GFP setting / comparator can be checked by ramping the Residual (Ground) current until the 50GF word bit asserts. The 50GF word bit is mapped to the OUT104 relay contact. The a0 setting / comparator can be checked by starting with a balanced 3 phase current and increasing one of the phase currents until the 32IF word bit asserts. The 32IF word bit is mapped to the OUT104 relay contact. The F32I element will assert when the ground and neutral currents are within +/- 90 degrees. The F32I word bit is mapped to the OUT104 relay contact.
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Current Polarized Element Logic

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50GFP

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A0 Pickup

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MTA Test

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Zero-Sequence Voltage Polarized Element

The Zero-Sequence Voltage polarized element uses the ground current and the zero-sequence voltage. The relay calculates the Z0 impedance and compares the result to the forward threshold value. If the calculation is negative and less than the threshold the fault is forward. The threshold value is determined by the Z0F Setting. The operation of this element is supervised by the Loss of Potential Logic and two current level settings 50GFP Forward Directional Ground Current Pickup and a0 Positive Sequence Current Restraint Factor.
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Tests
The Loss of Potential logic needs to turned off during testing. The forward threshold can be measured by applying a phase to ground fault at the line angle and changing the V0 and I0 values until the F32V word bit asserts. Relay word bits 50GF and 32VE test need to asserted during the fault condition. The F32V relay word bit is mapped to the OUT104 relay contact. A maximum torque angle or reach test can plot the shape of the forward threshold curve.
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Zero-Sequence Voltage Polarized Element Logic

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Negative-Sequence Voltage Polarized Element

The Negative-Sequence Voltage polarized element uses the negative sequence voltage and current to calculate the negative sequence impedance. The relay calculates the Z2 impedance and compares the result to the threshold value settings, Z2FT and Z2RT. If the calculation is less than the Z2FT the fault is forward, greater than the Z2RT the fault is reverse. The operation of this element is supervised by the Loss of Potential Logic and two current level settings 50QFP and 50QRP Directional Ground Current Pickup and a2 Positive Sequence Current Restraint Factor.
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Tests
The Loss of Potential logic needs to turned off during testing. The R32Q relay word bit is mapped to the OUT107 relay contact, F32Q to OUT106. Relay word bits 50QF and 32QE test need to asserted during the fault condition. The reverse threshold can be measured by applying a phase to ground fault at 180 - line angle and increasing the I2 value until the R32Q word bit asserts. Increasing I2 beyond 3 times Z2R deasserts R32Q. I2 greater than Z2F asserts F32Q. A maximum torque angle or reach test can plot the shape of the forward threshold curve.
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Negative-Sequence Voltage Polarized Element Logic

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Questions

Thank You for Your Time

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