ROCKS FOR ENERGY

In India open pit mines contribute > 81% of the

total production.

COAL - Most Important & Abundant Fossil

Fuel in India
Provides 55% of the country's energy need
The country's industrial heritage was built
upon indigenous coal.
Underground mining
 Coal Resources of India
Total Coal Resources - 2,45,692.42 million tonne ( coal seams > 0.9m thickness &
upto 1200m depth from surface) as on 1.1.2004
Gondwana coalfields contribute 2,44,785.47 million tonne
Tertiary coalfields account 906.95 million tonne
Type-wise and Category-wise coal resources of India as on 1.1.2004 (in Million Tonnes)

Proved Indicated Inferred Total

Type of Coal
(A) Coking :-
-Prime Coking 4614 699 - 5313

-Medium Coking 11391 11774 1889 25054

-Semi-Coking 482 1003 222 1707

Sub-Total Coking 16487 13476 2111 32074

(B) Non-Coking*:- 75144 102698 35777 213619

Total (Coking &

91631 116174 37888 245693
Non-Coking)

* Including coals of North Eastern Region.

 STATES NO OF COLLIERIES
OC UG MIXED TOTAL
COAL:
ANDHRA 12 55 67
ASSAM 2 4 6
CHHATTISGARH 12 44 2 58
J&K 1 3 4
JHARKHAND 60 85 24 169
MADHYA PRADESH 18 53 4 75
MAHARASHTRA 28 21 1 50
MEGHALAYA 1 1
ORISSA 14 9 23
WEST BENGAL 14 84 2 100
UP 3 3
TOTAL COAL 164 359 33 556
LIGNITE:
GUJARAT 3 3
TAMIL NADU 2 2
RAJASTHAN 1 1
Oil Exploration

Vibroseis Truck
In order to determine
the structure of
underground rock
layers this large truck
thumps the ground
with a large base
plate between its
wheels. The thumps
send out seismic
vibrations, or shear-
waves, at a known
frequency. A network
of seismometers
called geophones
records the arrival
time of the shear-
waves.
Drilling for Oil & oil bearing structures
Baku and Oil. The Period of Industrial Oil
Extraction
The documentary proof of drilling
the first oil well in Bibi-Heibat in the
world was included in Count
Vorontsov’s report of July 14, 1848
to the Russian tsar. This is
considered the starting point of
industrial oil extraction in Azerbaijan
and in the whole world. Beginning
from 1871 the oil wells were drilled
everywhere and a new method of oil
extraction completely replaced the
old method of well-sinking. Close to
the end of the 19th century the Baku
oil industry, following the path of
capitalist development, reached
50% of the volume of extraction
from the world level of oil extraction
of that time in less than two decades
(by 1901).
Oil Pipeline

Super tankers that measure more than 450 m (1500 ft) long and carry over 200,000
metric tons (220,000 short tons) of oil
The Oil Industry
Like coal, oil and natural gas,
uranium is an energy
resource which must be
processed through a series of
steps to produce an efficient
fuel for use in generating
electricity.

Uranium is usually
mined by either surface
(open cut) or
underground mining Nuclear Fuel Cycle
techniques, depending
on the depth at which
the ore body is found
Uranium Corporation of India Ltd.,
Jaduguda : Mines Uranium Ore and
produces Uranium Concentrate used
as fuel in Nuclear Power Programme.
The corporation operates uranium
mines at Jaduguda and Narwapahar
in the state of Bihar. It processes the
ore to produce Uranium concentrate
at its mill in Jaduguda.
About 200 tonnes uranium oxide (U308) concentrate is required to
keep a large (1000 MWe) nuclear power reactor generating
electricity for one year.