Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MAY 2004
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI - 600 025
CONTENTS
Page No.
2. GETTING STARTED
3. DETAILS OF INPUT
III Interactive queries and user response for Y-Z BUS A-4
SOLUTION
1.1 Introduction
Bus admittance matrix Y and bus impedance matrix Z are two important network
matrices which find applications in many power system planning and operational
planning studies. Y matrix finds application in load flow and optimal load flow analysis
as well as stability analysis. Z matrix finds application in short circuit analysis. There
are two sub-modules under the module ‘Formation of Network Matrices’. They are
Both the modules require parameters of transmission lines, transformers and shunt
elements as input data. The first module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION can carry out the
following computations:
i. Formation of Y matrix
ii. Modification of Y matrix for removal of a
(a) transmission line
(b) transformer
(c) shunt element
iv. Factorising Y matrix and carrying out network solution to obtain bus voltages,
given the bus current injection vector.
The second module Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM directly forms the Z matrix
using the ‘Building Algorithm’.
Module Z - BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM uses the Building Algorithm (refer lab
Manual) for formation of Z matrix which scans the list of lines / transformers / shunt
elements, one element at-a-time, and updates the partial Z matrix to take into account the
contribution due to branch or link.
1-1
1.3.2 Computational details
Y matrix for large power systems is highly sparse and can be built, stored and
manipulated as a single dimensional array using sparsity – oriented techniques. In the
module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION, sparsity is not exploited and the Y matrix is stored and
manipulated as a two dimensional array.
1-2
CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED
2.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the procedure for accessing the specific program modules Y-Z
BUS SOLUTION and Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM in the AU Powerlab Software
Package. Both these modules have features for creating new data file, editing already
stored sample system data, running the program and viewing the results. The details of
the procedure to use the features are given in the following sections.
1. Click the AU Powerlab icon on the desktop, then a window carrying Anna
University frontage will appear on the screen and will disappear within few seconds.
Then the Student Log-on Window will appear (Fig 2.1)
2. Enter the student information in the respective boxes. After entering all
information, click Enter button. Then the Opening Window for AU Powerlab will
appear (Fig 2.2)
3. Click the button ‘Formation of Network Matrices’ in the Opening Window. Then
another window containing the title of the sub-modules in ‘Formation of Network
Matrics will appear (Fig 2.3)
2-1
Fig 2.2 Opening Window for AU Powerlab
2-2
4. Click the button ‘Y-Z Bus Solution’ or the button ‘Z -Bus Building Algorithm’
depending upon the module you require. Then the Menu Screen for this module
will appear (Fig 2.4). The following are the operations that can be performed
under this module:
The operations Run and View Output will be enabled only after the operation ‘ Select
File For Running’ is carried out.
2-3
2.3.1 Creation of a new data file
1. Click the ‘Create New File’ button. Then the window for entering the file name will
appear (Fig. 2.5). Enter the file name (maximum 8 alphameric characters) and then
click ok. The text editor (wordpad) window will appear ( Fig 2.6)
3. After entering all the input data, save the file, close the text editor window and
control will return to Menu Screen.
4. If the complete data could not be entered in one sitting, then the file created with
partial data can be saved. The remaining data can be entered in the next sitting by
accessing the saved file using the procedure explained in the next section.
1. Click ‘Modify Existing File’ button in the Menu Screen, Then the File-Open
Dialogue Window will appear (Fig 2.7).
2. Select the desired file and then click open. The desired data file appears on the
wordpad. (Fig 2.8). The necessary modifications are carried out and the modified
file is saved either in the original name or in a new file name. Then close the text
editor window.
2-5
Fig 2.8 The Desired Data File
Click ‘Select File for Running ’ button. Then th e File - Open Dialogue Window will
appear (Fig 2.7). Select the required file and click open button. Then the control will
return to Menu Screen. Now the run and View Output buttons will be enabled.
Click, View Output button. The output file will appear in a text editor. A print of this
result can be taken if desired. When this window is closed, the control will return to
Menu Screen.
2-6
2.3.6 Manual
Click the Manual button. A drop-down menu with buttons, ‘Lab Manual’ and ‘User
Reference Manual’ will appear. Click either of the buttons to view the relevant part of
the respective Manual.
2.3.7 Exit
To quit from the operations performed under the Menu Screen click Exit button
2-7
CHAPTER 3 DETAILS OF INPUT
The data required for the module Y-Z BUS SOLUTION can be broadly classified into
the following two groups.
Before keying in the data file it is preferable to compile the following data from the
single-line diagram and data of the power system to be studied:
The user is urged to refer to chapter 4 on sample system study for illustration.
The details of queries that appear on the screen, and the sequence in which they appear
are given below along with the required explanation.
If the user wants extra computations such as Y bus modification or network solution or
ZBUS, then key in ‘n’
3-1
If YES, control goes to statement 18
If NO, control goes to statement 3
Statement 10: ‘DO YOU WANT LINE REMOVAL? (YES: y, NO: n)’
If YES control goes to statement 13
If NO control goes to statement 11
Statement 11: ‘DO YOU WANT TRANSFORMER REMOVAL? (YES: y, No: n)’
If YES control goes to statement 14
If NO control goes to statement 12
3-2
Statement 14: ‘TYPE ID NO OF TRANSFORMER TO BE REMOVED’
control goes to Statement 18
Statement 17: ‘YOU HAVE NOT UTILIZED ANY OF THE FACILITIES. MAKE UP
YOUR MIND AND RUN THE PROGRAM AGAIN’
Statement 18: (The program proceeds to compute YBUS and other relevant
computations)
Stop-Program Terminated.
By running the Y-Z Bus Solution Module once, any one of the following combination
of computations can be performed:
i. Y bus only
ii. Y bus and modification of Y bus for removal of a transmission line
iii. Y bus and modification of Y bus for removal of a transformer
iv. Y bus and modification of Y bus for removal of a shunt element
v. Y bus and network solution for V, given I using L-U factors of Y
bus.
vi. Y bus and certain specified columns of Z bus
vii. Y bus and full Z bus
The sub - group (i) consists of two lines of data, character string (upto 80 character per
line) bearing the title of the experiment
3-3
Each one of the sub - groups (ii) to (vi) consists of one line of data, character string
(upto 80 characters) bearing the respective information
1 2 3 4 5
INTEGER REAL
where
1: Number of buses
2: Number of transmission line
3: Number of transformers
4: Number of shunt elements (capacitor / reactor)
5: Base MVA of the system
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
INTEGER REAL
where
1: ID Number of the line
2: ID number of the sending end bus of the line
3: ID number of the receiving end bus of the line
4: Resistance of the line in per unit
5: Reactance of the line in per unit
6: Half-line charging susceptance in per unit
7: Rating of the line in MVA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
INTEGER REAL
3-4
Where
1: ID number of the line
2: ID number of the sending end bus of the line
3: ID number of the receiving end bus of the line
4: Resistance of the line in ohm per kilometre length
5: Reactance of the line in ohm per kilometre length
Either of the above sets of data can be used depending on the availability of data.
However, the user’s response to the interactive query ‘IS LINE DATA IN PER UNIT?’
should match the data set chosen.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
INTEGER REAL
where
1: ID number of the transformer
2: ID number of the tap side bus of the transformer
3: ID number of the non-tap side bus of the transformer
4: Resistance of the transformer in per unit
5: Reactance of the transformer in per unit
6: Off-nominal tap ratio
7:Rating of the transformer in MVA
This group consists of one line of data for each shunt element as shown below:
1 2 3
INTEGER REAL
where
1: ID number of the shunt element
2: ID number of the bus to which the element is connected
3: Rated capacity in MVA
(Positive for capacitor and negative for reactor)
3-5
Group 6: Bus current data
This group is required only for network solution. With the number of system buses
taken as NB, the dimension of the bus current vector is NB. Each element of this vector
is a complex variable. For example, the bus current vector for a 6 bus system is read
row-wise as shown below.
1 2
………………
11 12
where
1: Real part of current injection at bus 1, in per unit
2: Imaginary part of current injection at bus 1, in per unit
…………………………………………………………
Data requirement for the Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM module is the same as that
for Y-Z BUS SOLUTION MODULE. The data file to be created for Z-BUS
BUILDING ALGORITHM Module is a subset of the data file given in section in 3.3.
The data groups 1 to 5 are included but group 6 is excluded.
The input data through console to be given for the Z-BUS BUILDING ALGORITHM
module is only statement 1 given in section 3.2
3-6
CHAPTER 4 SAMPLE SYSTEM STUDY
In the single-line diagram, the buses, lines, transformers and shunt elements are
numbered serially and these ID numbers are used in the preparation of data. The
transmission line data, transformer data, and shunt element data in Annexure I are used
for creating data file in the sequence given in section 3.3
The Z-Bus Building Algorithm module was run using the same input file in Annexure
II. The output file obtained is given in Annexure V. The ZBUS matrix obtained using
building algorithm (Annexure V) can be checked to be the same as that obtained using
Y-Z Bus Solution (Annexure IV)
4-1
ANNEXURE I 6-BUS, 7-LINE POWER SYSTEM
Single-Line Diagram
Slack S1
G
3 4
L1 L4
1
L5
L2 L3
T2 T1
5 6 2
a:1 S2 1:a
G
Transformer Data:
(*) Note: Tap side bus of the transformer should be taken as the sending end bus.
A-1
STUDENT INFORMATION
-------------------
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:
FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES AND SOLUTION OF NETWORKS
YZSOL MODULE - FOR USER REFERENCE MANUAL
CASE TITLE:
6-BUS 7-LINES SYSTEM BASE CASE
ROLL NUMBER:
200031124
SEMESTER:
VII
DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
20 APRIL 2004
SYSTEM DATA
-----------
TRANSFORMER DATA
1 4 .5000
2 6 .5000
A-5
RESULTS OF STUDY
----------------
ROW NUMBER: 1
( 11.4327, -35.1526)( .0000, .0000)( -10.0000, 30.0000)( .0000, .0000)
( -1.4327, 5.1576)( .0000, .0000)(
ROW NUMBER: 2
( .0000, .0000)( 4.1096, -26.9734)( .0000, .0000)( -4.1096, 10.9589)
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, 16.3399)(
ROW NUMBER: 3
( -10.0000, 30.0000)( .0000, .0000)( 23.9674, -57.7625)( -12.3077, 21.5385)
( -1.6598, 6.2241)( .0000, .0000)(
ROW NUMBER: 4
( .0000, .0000)( -4.1096, 10.9589)( -12.3077, 21.5385)( 16.4173, -31.9924)
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, .0000)(
ROW NUMBER: 5
( -1.4327, 5.1576)( .0000, .0000)( -1.6598, 6.2241)( .0000, .0000)
( 3.0924, -23.6304)( .0000, 12.3762)(
ROW NUMBER: 6
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, 16.3399)( .0000, .0000)( .0000, .0000)
( .0000, 12.3762)( .0000, -28.6667)(
ROW NUMBER: 1
( 11.4327, -35.1526)( .0000, .0000)( -10.0000, 30.0000)( .0000, .0000)
( -1.4327, 5.1576)( .0000, .0000)(
ROW NUMBER: 2
( .0000, .0000)( 4.1096, -26.9734)( .0000, .0000)( -4.1096, 10.9589)
( .0000, .0000)( .0000, 16.3399)(
ROW NUMBER: 3
( -.8555, -.0063)( .0000, .0000)( 15.2253, -32.1614)( -12.3077, 21.5385)
( -2.9176, 10.6272)( .0000, .0000)(
ROW NUMBER: 4
( .0000, .0000)( -.4198, -.0884)( -.6951, -.0536)( 4.0134, -13.4446)
( -2.5979, 7.2304)( -1.4445, 6.8587)(
ROW NUMBER: 5
( -.1447, .0063)( .0000, .0000)( -.3050, .0537)( -.5468, -.0300)
( .9607, -15.6018)( -.9957, 16.0829)(
ROW NUMBER: 6
( .0000, .0000)( -.5920, .0902)( .0000, .0000)( -.4979, .0412)
( -1.0309, -.0003)( .0052, 1.0601)(
A-6
BUS IMPEDANCE MATRIX - ROWWISE
ROW NUMBER: 1
( .0190, -.9360)( -.0019, -.9994)( .0118, -.9596)( -.0001, -.9840)
( .0043, -.9743)( .0008, -.9903)(
ROW NUMBER: 2
( -.0019, -.9994)( .0062, -.9649)( -.0025, -.9999)( -.0048, -1.0014)
( .0018, -.9951)( .0043, -.9796)(
ROW NUMBER: 3
( .0118, -.9596)( -.0025, -.9999)( .0135, -.9560)( .0007, -.9816)
( .0032, -.9801)( -.0001, -.9931)(
ROW NUMBER: 4
( -.0001, -.9840)( -.0048, -1.0014)( .0007, -.9816)( .0046, -.9754)
( -.0041, -.9972)( -.0045, -1.0013)(
ROW NUMBER: 5
( .0043, -.9743)( .0018, -.9951)( .0032, -.9801)( -.0041, -.9972)
( .0096, -.9385)( .0051, -.9724)(
ROW NUMBER: 6
( .0008, -.9903)( .0043, -.9796)( -.0001, -.9931)( -.0045, -1.0013)
( .0051, -.9724)( .0047, -.9433)(
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:
FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES AND SOLUTION OF NETWORKS
YZSOL MODULE - FOR USER REFERENCE MANUAL
CASE TITLE:
6-BUS 7-LINES SYSTEM BASE CASE
ROLL NUMBER:
200031124
SEMESTER:
VII
DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
20 APRIL 2004
SYSTEM DATA
-----------
TRANSFORMER DATA
1 4 .5000
2 6 .5000
A-8
LIST OF ORDERED ELEMENTS FOR BUILDING ZBUS
1 1 3 .0100 .0300
2 1 5 .0500 .1800
3 2 4 .0300 .0800
4 3 4 .0200 .0350
5 3 5 .0400 .1500
6 2 6 .0000 .0612
7 5 6 .0000 .0808
8 0 1 .0000 -200.0000
9 0 5 .0000 -200.0000
10 0 2 .0000 -200.0000
11 0 4 .0000 -200.0000
12 0 2 .0000 -3.1212
13 0 6 .0000 3.0600
14 0 5 .0000 -8.1608
15 0 6 .0000 8.0800
16 0 4 .0000 -2.0000
17 0 6 .0000 -2.0000
ROW NUMBER: 1
( .01899, -.93604)( -.00193, -.99939)( .01184, -.95957)( -.00011, -.98399)
( .00431, -.97427)( .00076, -.99027)(
ROW NUMBER: 2
( -.00193, -.99939)( .00620, -.96487)( -.00254, -.99993)( -.00484, -1.00140)
( .00176, -.99507)( .00430, -.97957)(
ROW NUMBER: 3
( .01184, -.95957)( -.00254, -.99993)( .01353, -.95602)( .00073, -.98165)
( .00317, -.98012)( -.00008, -.99311)(
ROW NUMBER: 4
( -.00011, -.98399)( -.00484, -1.00140)( .00073, -.98165)( .00460, -.97535)
( -.00409, -.99717)( -.00453, -1.00130)(
ROW NUMBER: 5
( .00431, -.97427)( .00176, -.99507)( .00317, -.98012)( -.00409, -.99717)
( .00955, -.93853)( .00513, -.97238)(
ROW NUMBER: 6
( .00076, -.99027)( .00430, -.97957)( -.00008, -.99311)( -.00453, -1.00130)
( .00513, -.97238)( .00466, -.94327)(
A-9