AS BUILT

2 12.Mar.2007 18 Apr 2005 27th Aug 2003

Date
th

K.WATANABE

AS BUILT
Released for Construction as per Approval of OE DRCS No. C-MMH/MTH/0047 dated 23rd Sep 2003. status 1

K.WATANABE K.WATANABE T.FUJISAWA

Chkd

M.FUKUI M.FUKUI T.FUJISAWA

Appd

1 0
Rev

H.ISHIZUKA H.ISHIZUKA
Drawn

First Issue (For Review)

Description

Certifies that it has examined the present document and it complies with the requirem ents of the EPC Contract Client PO Box 45810 Sas Al Nakhl Island Abu Dhabi UAE

Project

UMM AL NAR INDEPENDENT WATER AND POWER PROJECT

Consultant Victory House Trafalgar Place Brighton BN1 4FY United Kingdom Tel+44(0) 1273 365000 Fax+44(0) 1273 365100 Web www.mottmac.com

Contractor

Sub-Contractor

MITSUI & CO,. (MIDDLE EAST)E.C

Sub-Contractor/Contractor Dwg No.

ACXUN1851
Title

CALCULATION FOR EARTHING SYSTEM

Job Number Size Scale Rev

M222001
document No

A4

N.A.
Sheet

2 1 of 12

000-1400-BZB01-GV002-0001

The information in this material is confidential and contains Toshibas intellectual property including know-how. It shall not be disclosed to any third party, copied, reproduced, used for unauthorized purposes nor modified without prior written consent of Toshiba. Toshiba Corporation

Document number (Owner) Document number (TOSHIBA)

: 000-1400-BZB01-GV002-0001 : ACXUN1851

CALCULATION OF EARTHING SYSTEM

APPROVED BY SCAL UNIT FUJISAWA AUG.27.2003 DESIGNED BY H.ISHIZUKA

CHECKED BY H.ISHIZUKA AUG.27.2003 DRAWN BY

DRAWING NO.

REV.

ACXUN1851

REGISTER

CONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. INTRODUCTION 3 REFERENCE 4 EXPLANATION OF EARTHING SYSTEM 4 SOIL RESISTIVITY 4 EARTHING SYSTEM CALCULATION (FOR POWER BLOCK) 5.1 ELECTRICAL PARAMETER 5 5.2 EARTHING CHARACTERISTICS 5 5.3 SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF NETWORK DESIGN ANNEX-A ANNEX-B CALCULATION OF EARTHING MESH 7 SOIL RESISTIVITY DATA 12

REFERENCE DOCCUMENTS 000-4000-BZB01-GV001-001 (WCXUN1101) 000-4000-BZB01-GV001-002 (WCXUN1102) EARTHING GRID LAYOUT (POWER BLOCK AREA) EARTHING GRID LAYOUT (OVERALL)

1. INTRODUCTION Earthing mesh in the Plant area will be provided to protect the human being from the step and touch potentials and provide free path for earth fault current for equipment protection. Each mesh design, sizing of the conductor required for forming the earth mesh are done in accordance with IEEE Std.80. The results of this study will be used for forming the earthing mesh, depth of burial, driving depth of the electrode and total number of electrodes required. 2. REFERENCE IEEE Std.80-2000 : Guide for safety in AC Substation Grounding 3. EXPLANATION OF EARTHING SYSTEM 3.1 Composition of Earthing system 3.1.1 The earthing system shall be composed of a earthing distribution grid system (meshed network) constructed by sub-grade earthing conductors and earthing electrodes. 3.1.2 The main earthing distribution grid system consisting of bare copper conductor with a cross-section of 300 mm 2 is to be provided. 3.1.3 The earthing system being of an inter-connected mesh system with a maximum distance between two meshes not exceeding 30m. 3.1.4 All connections are carried out by means of exothermic welding process. 3.1.5 Adjacent to the transformer neutral grounding, earthing electrodes are to be driven into the soil and connected to earthing mesh. 3.1.6 In order to achieve an overall earth resistance of 1 ohm, earth electrodes are to be driven at certain points into the soil and connected to earthing mesh. 3.1.7 Earthing electrodes are 3 meter length with a diameter of 17.5 mm. 3.1.6 Earthing resistance is required less than 1 ohm. 4. SOIL RESISTIVITY Resistance (R ) of the soil was measured using Wenners method. Summary DATA are shown on Annex-B. Soil resistivity was computed by using the formula: = 2 aR separation.) (a is electrode From the value measured in the Plant area, the average value of top layer resistivity is

less than 12.33 -m and lower layer is less than 11.85 -m. However, top layer resistivity is considered as 15 -m and bottom layer resistivity as 15 -m for calculation.

5. 3I0 tf f tc ts X/R Df

EARTHING SYSTEM CALCULATION (FOR POWER BLOCK) Symmetrical fault current in for conductor sizing Duration of fault current Frequency Duration fault current for sizing ground conductor Duration of shock for body current Ratio X/R Decrement factor for Ig 40 3 50 3 3 0.3 1.0 (kA) (s) (HZ) (s) (s) *2) *1)

5-1 ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

5-2 EARTHING CHARACTERISTICS A Lc Total area enclosed by grounding grid Length of grid system conductor Rectangular grids length (longer side) Rectangular grids width (shorter side) Nos of parallel conductor of longer side Nos of parallel conductor of shorter side s hs h Dm Tm TA r K r TCAP Ac S d1 Nr Lr Dr Soil resistivity Surface layer resistivity Surface layer thickness Dipth of grounding grid conductor Maximum distance between any two parallel conductor Maximum allowable temperature Ambient temperature Thermal coefficient of resistivity 1/ar at 0 deg C Resist. Ground cond. At refer temp. Tr Thermal capacity factor for table Minimum conductor section area Conductor section area Diameter of grid conductor Nunber of Rods Length of rods Rod diameter 54,400 4,120 340 160 6 13 15 3000 0.2 1.5 30 1083 46 0.00393 234 1.72 3.42 -300 20 0 3.0 17.2 (Ohm/cm3 ) (J/cm3 C) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) (pcs) (m) (mm) *3) *3) *3) (m2) (m) (m) (m) (pcs) (pcs) (ohm-m) (ohm-m) (m) (m) (m) (degC) (degC)

5-3 OUTPUT DATA Rg GPR Em Es Estep50 Etouch50 Notes: *1) Most conservative value is considered. *2) Assumed value *3) This calculation is applied for without electrode mesh system 5-4 SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF NETWORK DESIGN Sf Ig Current division factor Maximum grid current Max allowable value Etouch50 Estep50 Rg GPR 313 (V) 1,052 (V) less than 1.0 () Ground potential rise Computed Value 311 (V) 47 (V) 0.032 (ohm) 1,280 (V) 1.0 40,000 (A) Resistance of grounding system Ground potential rise Mesh voltage Step voltage Tolerable step voltage for human with 50 kG body weight Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50 kG body weight (Ohm) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V)

Safety condition Yes Yes Good --

GENERAL NOTE 1) The calculation is made considering an average mesh grid of 30x30m, but in some areas the mesh grid is more close. This means that the actual values shall be lower than the calculated ones.

ANNEX-A
Calculation of Earthing mesh
Step1:

(For Power Block)

Earthing Grid conductor sizing calculation

To determine the minimum cross sectional area of the main earthing conductor, followings are considered: Maximum fault current. Material for the earth conductor is annealed copper stranded wire. Following formula is used for to calculate the earthing conductor size, as per IEEE Std.80.

Section 11 (Eq-37), Table 1.

TCAP 10 -4 K 0 + Tm I = A ( ) ln( ) tc ar pr K 0 + Ta
This equation is can be arranged to give required conductor size as a function of conductor current.

A=I

t c a r r r 10 4 TCPA Tm - Ta In1 + Ko + Ta

(mm )

I Tc A

= rms current in KA = time of current flow in s = conductor cross section in min

2

Tm = max. allowable temperature in deg C Ta o = ambient temperature in deg C = thermal coefficient of resistivity at 0 dec C

r = thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference temperature T, r = the resistivity of the ground conductor at reference temperature T,in /cm
3

Ko = 1/0,or (1/r)-Tr TCAP = thermal capacity factor from Table 1,in j/cm3/deg C

1-1 For main mesh where: I Tm Ta r r Ko Tc = 40 = 1083 = 46 = 0.00393 = 1.72 = 234 = 3.0 kA deg C deg C Design requirement IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 Design requirement IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 Design requirement IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1

TCAP = 3.42

A = 40

3 0.00393 1.72 10 4 3.42 1083 - 46 In1 + 242 + 46

=248 (mm2) According to the above calculation, 300 mm2 main earthing conductor is acceptable. 1-2 For earthing ring I Tm Ta r r Ko Tc = 31.5 = 1083 = 46 = 0.00393 = 1.72 = 234 = 3.0 kA deg C deg C Design requirement IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 Design requirement IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1 Design requirement IEEE 80-2000 Section 11, Table1

where:

TCAP = 3.42

A = 31.5

3 0.00393 1.72 10 4 3.42 1083 - 46 In1 + 242 + 46

=196 (mm2) According to the above calculation, 240 mm2 earthing ring conductor is acceptable.

Step2:

Calculation of earthing resistance

As per IEEE80-2000 section14 (eq52)

1 1 1 Rg = 1 + + 20 A 1 + h 20 / A LT
where Rg A LT h ground resistance soil resistivity area occupied by the ground grid total buried length of conductors depth of the grid : : : : : -15 54,400 4,120 1.5 (ohm) (ohm-m) (m2) (m) (m)

Rg=

0.032 (Ohm)

Step3: Maximum grid current IG

I G = D f If
= 1.0 x 40 = where Sf Ig If IG Df fault current division factor rms symmetrical grid current rms value of symmetrical ground fault current maximum grid current decrement factor for the entire duration of fault tf : : : : : 1.0 40 40 40 1.0 (kA) (kA) (kA) 40 (kA)

Step4: GPR

GPR = I G R g
GPR = 40000 x 0.032 = 1280 (V)

Step5: Mesh voltage 5-1 The geometrical factor (Km)

Km =

1 2p

D2 (D + 2h)2 - h + K ii ln 8 ln + 8 Dd1 4d 1 K h p (2n - 1) 16hD

where: Km Kii Kh ho h d1 D n Spacing factor for mesh voltage Corrective factor K ii = 1 :

2/n

--1.5811 1.0 1.5 0.02 30 8.53 (m) (m) (m) (m) (pcs)

(2 n)

: : : : : : :

K h = 1 + h / ho
1m (reference depth of grid)

Depth of burial Diameter of conductor(m) Distance of conductor(m) Effective number of parallel conductor in a given grid

n = n a nb nc n d
2 LC , nb = LP

na =
Ki

LP 4 A

nc = n d = 1
: 1.9066

Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n

Km =

1.1215

5-2

Km Ki I G Em = LM
= 311 (V)

Mesh Voltage (Em)

= 15 x 1.1215 x 1.9066 x 40000 / 4120

where LM LC LR The effective buried length , LM = LC + LR The total length of the conductor in the horizontal grid The total length of all ground rods : : : -4120 0 (m) (m) (m)

10

Step 6: Check of touch voltage 6-1 The maximum driving voltage for touch voltage is :

Etouch so = (1000 + 1.5C s r s )

0.116 tS

= (1000+1.5x 0.817 x 3000)x 0.116 / SQRT(3) = 313 (V) where:

r 0.09 1 r S CS = 1 2 hS + 0.09
6-2 Actual touch voltage

E touch = E m
= 311 (V) 6-3 Decision

Em E touch 50
Actual touch voltage is well below the tolerable touch voltage, so it is ACCEPTABLE.

Step7: Check of step voltage 7-1 Tolerable of step voltage The maximum driving voltage for step voltage is :

E step50 = (1000 + 6C S S )

0.116 tS

= (1000+6x0.817x3000)x 0.116/sqrt(3) = 1,052 (V) 7-2 Actual step voltage

E S = K S K i r I G / LS
= 0.127x 1.9066x 15x 40000/ 3090 = 47 (V)

where:

LS = 0.75 LC + 0.85 LR

7-3 Decision

E S E step50
Actual step voltage is well below the tolerable step voltage. So it is ACCEPTABLE

11

ANNEX-B
SOIL RESISTIVITY DATA Point Axis PPE1 Location a (meter) 1 1.5 2 3 4 A 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 1 1.5 2 3 4 B 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 at GT AREA X=2100.000 R () 0.1685 0.54 0.62 0.71 0.80 0.65 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.095 0.05 0.025 0.015 0.0055 1.15 1.101 0.98 0.86 0.58 0.49 0.445 0.38 0.21 0.195 0.15 0.105 0.082 0.04 0.0332 Y=1100.000 1 5 8 13 20 20 8 9 9 12 6 5 3 2 1 7 10 12 16 15 15 17 17 11 11 9 10 10 6 6 B A Axis Point PPE2 Location a (meter) 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 is is at ELECT BLDG X=1841.500 R () 2.09 1.9 3.28 0.98 0.66 0.437 0.342 0.655 0.236 0.132 0.1 0.088 0.065 0.05 0.0145 1.739 1.105 0.958 0.88 1.037 0.528 0.46 0.385 0.355 0.32 0.138 0.105 0.095 0.0625 0.022 12.3 11.9 ohm-m. ohm-m. Y=1045.000 13 18 41 18 17 14 13 29 12 7 6 8 8 8 3 11 10 12 17 26 17 17 17 18 18 9 10 12 10 4

Average of the top layer resistivity (1 to 2 meters depth) Average of the lower layer resistivity Please refer to Test report of soil investigation document. 12

Note) Measurement test of soil resistivity has be carried out in April 2003 and reported by TSB.