12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

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Activity 4. (a)

Activity 12.1 (p. 37)

1. (a)

(b) (–2, 4), (0, 2), (1, 1), (2, 0) (or any other reasonable
answers)
(c) x + y = 2
(b) (–2, 2), (0, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2) (or any other reasonable
answers)
Activity 12.2 (p. 46)

(c) 0x + y = 2 (i.e. y = 2) y −5
1. (a)
x −3
2. (a)
y −5
(b) ∵ =2
x −3
∴ y = 2x – 1

y − y1
2. (a)
x − x1

y − y1
(b) ∵ =m
x − x1
∴ y – y1 = m(x – x1)

(b) (–3, –4), (–3, –1), (–3, 1), (–3, 4) (or any other Activity 12.3 (p. 56)
reasonable answers)
1. (a) Ax + By + C = 0
(c) x + 0y = –3 (i.e. x = –3) By = –Ax – C
A C
3. (a) y =− x−
B B

A C
(b) Slope = − , y-intercept = −
B B

2. By substituting (p, 0) into the equation Ax + By + C = 0,

we have:
A(p) + B(0) + C = 0
C
p=−
A
C
∴ x-intercept = −
(b) (–2, –2), (0, 0), (1, 1), (4, 4) (or any other reasonable A
answers) 1
3. Slope = 2, y-intercept = 1, x-intercept = −
(c) y = x 2

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Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

Activity 12.4 (p. 70) 1

3. The equation of L5 is y = x.
2
1. ( x − 0) 2 + ( y − 0) 2 = 3 The equation of L6 is y = –x.
∴ x2 + y2 = 32
∴ The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 = 9. 2
4. The equation of L7 is y = x.
3
2. ( x − 1) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 3 5
The equation of L8 is y = − x.
4
∴ (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 32
∴ The equation of the circle is (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9.
p. 49
1. The equation of the straight line L is
3. ( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = r
1
∴ (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 y – 3 = (x – 2)
2
∴ The equation of the circle is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2. 1
∴ y= x+2
2
Activity 12.5 (p. 82)
1. The straight line L1 cuts the y-axis at (0, c). 2. The equation of the straight line L is
By the point-slope form, y – (–5) = –3[x – (–1)]
y – c = m(x – 0) ∴ y = –3x – 8
∴ y = mx + c
3. The equation of the straight line L is
y 2 − y1 y = 2x + 3
2. Slope of L2 =
x 2 − x1
4. The equation of the straight line L is
By the point-slope form, 2
y 2 − y1 y=− x+3
y – y1 = (x – x1) 3
x 2 − x1
y − y1 y − y1 5. The equation of the straight line is
∴ = 2
x − x1 x 2 − x1 3
y – 3 = − [x – (–2)]
2
3. The straight line L3 cuts the x-axis at (a, 0), and the y-axis 3
∴ y=− x
at (0, b). 2
b−0
Slope of L3 = 6. (a) The equation of the straight line is
0−a
y = 2x + 7
b
=−
a (b) The equation of the straight line is
By the point-slope form, 1
b y = x + (– 3)
y – 0 = − (x – a) 2
a 1
bx + ay = ab ∴ y= x–3
2
x y
∴ + =1
a b p. 53
1. Let m be the slope of the straight line L.
Follow-up Exercise 7 −3
m=
p. 43 5 −1
=1
1. The equation of L1 is y = 7. The equation of the straight line L is
The equation of L2 is y = –4. y – 3 = 1(x – 1)
∴ y=x+2
2. The equation of L3 is x = 4.
The equation of L4 is x = –3.

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 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

2. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. 5

∴ y=− x–5
4−3 8
m=
− 3 −1
1 p. 58
=−
4 1. (a) 3y = –2x – 6
The equation of the straight line L is ∴ 2x + 3y + 6 = 0
1
y – 3 = − (x – 1)
4 (b) 2(y – 3) = 4x
1 13 2y – 6 = 4x
∴ y =− x+
4 4 4x – 2y + 6 = 0
∴ 2x – y + 3 = 0
3. Let m be the slope of the straight line L.
0−5 (c) y – 1 = 3(x + 2)
m= y – 1 = 3x + 6
3−0
5 ∴ 3x – y + 7 = 0
=−
3
y+2 2
The equation of the straight line L is (d) =−
5 x+3 3
y – 5 = − (x – 0) 3y + 6 = –2x – 6
3
∴ 2x + 3y + 12 = 0
5
∴ y=− x+5
3 2. (a) From the equation 2x + y = 0, we have A = 2, B = 1
and C = 0.
4. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. A
0 − (−2) ∴ Slope = −
m= B
4−0 2
1 =−
= 1
2 = −2
The equation of the straight line L is
C
1
y – (–2) = (x – 0) x-intercept = −
A
2
1 0
∴ y= x–2 =−
2 2
=0
5. Let m be the slope of the straight line. C
8−6 y-intercept = −
m= B
5 − ( −3) 0
1 =−
= 1
4 =0
The equation of the straight line is
1 Alternative Solution
y – 8 = (x – 5)
4 Put y = 0 into 2x + y = 0, we have:
1 27 x=0
∴ y= x+
4 4 ∴ x-intercept = 0
If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:
6. Let m be the slope of the straight line. y = –2x
−5 − 0 ∴ Slope = −2
m=
0 − (−8)
y-intercept = 0
5
=−
8 (b) From the equation 4x – 5y + 15 = 0, we have A = 4,
The equation of the straight line is B = –5 and C = 15.
5 A
y – (–5) = − (x – 0) ∴ Slope = −
8 B

9
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

 4  3 x + 5(0) + 5 = 0
= − 
 −5 3x = −5
4 5
= x=−
5 3
C 5
x-intercept = − ∴ x-intercept = −
A 3
15 If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:
=− 3
4 y=− x–1
5
C
y-intercept = − 3
B ∴ Slope = −
5
 15 
= −  y-intercept = −1
 −5
=3
(d) From the equation 6x – 2y – 7 = 0, we have A = 6, B
= –2 and C = –7.
Alternative Solution A
Put y = 0 into 4x – 5y + 15 = 0, we have: ∴ Slope = −
4 x − 5(0) + 15 = 0 B
4 x = −15  6 
= − 
15 −2
x=− =3
4
15 C
∴ x-intercept = − x-intercept = −
4 A
 −7 
= − 
If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:  6 
4 7
y= x+3 =
5 6
4
∴ Slope = C
5 y-intercept = −
B
y-intercept = 3 −7
= − 
 − 2
(c) From the equation 3x + 5y + 5 = 0, we have A = 3, 7
B = 5 and C = 5. =−
2
A
∴ Slope = −
B
Alternative Solution
3 Put y = 0 into 6x – 2y – 7 = 0, we have:
=−
5 6 x − 2(0) − 7 = 0
C 6x = 7
x-intercept = −
A 7
x=
5 6
=−
3 7
∴ x-intercept =
C 6
y-intercept = −
B If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:
5 7
=− y = 3x –
5 2
= −1 ∴ Slope = 3
7
Alternative Solution y-intercept = −
2
Put y = 0 into 3x + 5y + 5 = 0, we have:

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 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

p. 62 5
(ii) Put y = 0 into y = x + 3, we have:
1. From the equation of L: 3x – 4y + 10 = 0, we have: 2
3 3 5
0= x+3
Slope of L = − = 2
(−4) 4
6
x=−
(a) ∵ L1 // L 5
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L 6
3 ∴ x-intercept = −
= 5
4
∴ The equation of L1 is p. 67
3
y – 3 = (x – 1) 1. (a) L1: 3x + 5y – 1 = 0 ……(1)
4
L2: 2x – 5y + 1 = 0 ……(2)
3 9 (1) + (2),
y = x+
4 4 (3x + 5y – 1) + (2x – 5y + 1) = 0
5x = 0
(b) ∵ L2 ⊥ L x=0
∴ Slope of L2 × slope of L = –1 By substituting x = 0 into (1), we have:
3 3(0) + 5y – 1 = 0
Slope of L2 × = –1 1
4 y=
4 5
Slope of L2 = − 1
3 ∴ The coordinates of A = (0, )
∴ The equation of L2 is 5
4
y – 3 = − (x – 0)
3 1
1−
4 (b) Slope of L = 5 =4
y=− x+3 1− 0 5
3
∴ The equation of L is
2. From the equation of L: 2x + 5y – 7 = 0, we have: 4
y – 1 = (x – 1)
2 5
Slope of L = −
5 4 1
y = x+
5 5
(a) ∵ L1 // L
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L
2. (a) L1: 2x + y – 4 = 0 ……(1)
2 L2: 3x + y – 7 = 0 ……(2)
=−
5 (2) – (1),
∴ The equation of L1 is (3x + y – 7) – (2x + y – 4) = 0
2 x–3=0
y – 0 = − [x – (–2)] x=3
5
By substituting x = 3 into (1), we have:
2 4 2(3) + y – 4 = 0
y =− x−
5 5 y = –2
∴ The coordinates of A = (3, − 2)
(b) (i) ∵ L2 ⊥ L
∴ Slope of L2 × slope of L = –1
1 − ( −2) 3
 2 (b) Slope of L = =−
Slope of L2 ×  −  = –1 1− 3 2
 5 ∴ The equation of L is
5
Slope of L2 = 3
2 y – 1 = − (x – 1)
2
∴ The equation of L2 is
3 5
5 y =− x+
y – 3 = (x – 0) 2 2
2
5 3. (a) L1: 2x – 3y – 4 = 0 ……(1)
y= x+3
2 L2: 3x + y + 5 = 0 ……(2)

11
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

(1) + (2) × 3, 4 3
2x – 3y – 4 + 3(3x + y + 5) = 0 (e) centre: (0, 0), radius =
3
2x – 3y – 4 + 9x + 3y + 15 = 0
11x = –11 (f) centre: (–4, 0), radius = 3 2
x = –1
By substituting x = –1 into (1), we have: 3. For (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 9, centre: (1, 1), radius = 3
2(–1) – 3y – 4 = 0
y = –2 9 3
For (x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = , centre: (–1, –2), radius =
4 2
∴ The coordinates of A = ( −1, − 2)
For (x – 2)2 + (y – 2)2 = 4, centre: (2, 2), radius = 2
1 − ( −2) 3 ∴ Matching is as follows:
(b) Slope of L = =
1 − ( −1) 2
∴ The equation of L is
3
y – 1 = (x – 1)
2
p. 75
3 1
y = x−
2 2 1. (x + 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 16
x + 2x + 1 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 16
2

4. (a) L1: y = 3x + 1 ……(1) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 14 = 0

L2: y = 5 – x ……(2)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have: 2. (x – 7)2 + (y + 2)2 = 23
5 – x = 3x + 1 x – 14x + 49 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 23
2

4x = 4 x2 + y2 – 14x + 4y + 30 = 0
x=1
By substituting x = 1 into (1), we have: 3. (x + 2)2 + y2 = 7
y = 3(1) + 1 x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 = 7
=4 x2 + y2 + 4x – 3 = 0
∴ The coordinates of A = (1, 4)
( x + 2 ) 2 + ( y + 3 ) 2 = 17
4.
(b) ∵ Notice that the x-coordinates of the points on x 2 + 2 2 x + 2 + y 2 + 2 3 y + 3 = 17
L stay the same for different y-coordinates.
x 2 + y 2 + 2 2 x + 2 3 y − 12 = 0
∴ L is parallel to the y-axis.
∴ The equation of L is x = 1.
5. (a) (x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = 62
x2 + y2 – 36 = 0
p. 72
1. (a) x2 + y2 = 7 (b) (x – 0)2 + [y – (–4)]2 = 52
x2 + y2 + 8y – 9 = 0
(b) (x – 4)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4
(c) (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 32
2 2
(c) x + (y + 3) = 16 x + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0
2

(d) (x + 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 8 (d) [x – (–4)]2 + [y – (–5)]2 = 12

x2 + y2 + 8x + 10y + 40 = 0
9
(e) (x + 4)2 + (y + 5)2 = (e) (x – 3)2 + (y – 0)2 = 22
4
x2 + y2 – 6x + 5 = 0

2. (a) centre: (0, 0), radius = 2 2  (−4) 6 

= − ,− 
6. (a) Centre  2 2
(b) centre: (2, 3), radius = 6
= ( 2,−3)
(c) centre: (0, 1), radius = 5 2 2
 −4  6
Radius =  2  +  2  − (−12)
(d) centre: (–1, –5), radius = 10
=5

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 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

 8 0 ∴ The equation of the circle is

=  − ,− 
(b) Centre  2 2 (x – 3)2 + [y – (–5)]2 = ( 5 ) 2
= ( −4,0) x2 + y2 – 6x + 10y + 29 = 0
2 2
8 0 2. (a) Let the equation of the circle be:
Radius =  2  +  2  − (−3) x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
By substituting (1, 2) into (1), we have:
= 19 12 + 22 + D(1) + E(2) + F = 0
i.e. D + 2E + F = –5 ……(2)
By substituting (–2, 3) into (1), we have:
 0 ( −12) 
=  − ,−  (–2)2 + 32 + D(–2) + E(3) + F = 0
(c) Centre  2 2  i.e. –2D + 3E + F = –13 ……(3)
= (0,6) By substituting (0, –4) into (1), we have:
02 + (–4)2 + D(0) + E(–4) + F = 0
2 2
 0   − 12  i.e. –4E + F = –16 ……(4)
Radius =  2  +  2  − 20 (2) – (3), 3D – E = 8 ……(5)
   
(3) – (4), –2D + 7E = 3 ……(6)
=4
(5) × 7 + (6), 19D = 59
59
(d) 2x2 + 2y2 – 4x – 7 = 0 D=
19
7
x2 + y2 – 2x – = 0 59
2 By substituting D = into (5), we have:
− 19
 ( 2 ) 0
= − ,−   59 
Centre  2 2 3  – E = 8
= (1,0)  19 
25
2 2 E=
−2 0  7 19
=   +   − − 
Radius  2  2  2 25
By substituting E = into (4), we have:
19
3 2
=  25 
2 –4   + F = –16
 19 
(e) 4x2 + 4y2 + 12x – 20y + 8 = 0 204
F=−
x2 + y2 + 3x – 5y + 2 = 0 19
 3 ( −5)  ∴ The equation of the circle is
=  − ,−  59 25 204
Centre  2 2  x2 + y2 + x+ y− = 0.
19 19 19
 3 5
= − , 
 2 2 (b) Let the equation of the circle be:
2 2 x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
 3   −5 By substituting (1, 0) into (1), we have:
=   +  −2
Radius 2  2  12 + 02 + D(1) + E(0) + F = 0
i.e. D + F = –1 ……(2)
26
= By substituting (6, 0) into (1), we have:
2 62 + 02 + D(6) + E(0) + F = 0
i.e. 6D + F = –36 ……(3)
p. 79 By substituting (0, 3) into (1), we have:
 1 + 5 −4 + (−6)  02 + 32 + D(0) + E(3) + F = 0
C = ,  i.e. 3E + F = –9 ……(4)
1. (a) The coordinates of  2 2 
(2) – (3), – 5D = 35
= (3,−5) D = –7
(3) – (4), 6D – 3E = –27
2D – E = –9 ……(5)
(b) Radius = (1 − 3) + [ −4 − ( −5)]
2 2
By substituting D = –7 into (5), we have:
= 5 2(–7) – E = –9
E = –5

13
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

By substituting D = –7 into (2), we have: 0−3

–7 + F = –1 Slope of AB =
3 − (−1)
F=6
3
∴ The equation of the circle is =−
x2 + y2 – 7x – 5y + 6 = 0. 4
Let θ be the inclination of AB.
p. 85 ∵ Slope of AB = tan θ
1. (a) The equation of the straight line is 3
− = tan θ
y = 2x – 1 ∴ 4
2x – y – 1 = 0 θ = 180° − 36.87°
= 143.1° (cor. to 1 d.p.)
(b) The equation of the straight line is
2 ∴ The inclination of AB is 143.1°.
y=− x+4
3
2x + 3y – 12 = 0 PQ = ( −2 − 4) 2 + ( −1 − 2) 2
(b)
2. (a) The equation of the straight line is = ( −6) 2 + (−3) 2
y − ( −3) −4 − (−3) =3 5
=
x−2 −1 − 2
−1 − 2
y + 3 −1 Slope of PQ =
= −2−4
x −2 −3
1
3y + 9 = x − 2 =
2
x − 3 y − 11 = 0
Let θ be the inclination of PQ.
(b) The equation of the straight line is ∵ Slope of PQ = tan θ
y − ( −5) −6 − (−5) 1
= ∴ = tan θ
x − ( −4) − 3 − ( −4) 2
θ = 26.6° (cor. to 1 d.p.)
y + 5 −1
= ∴ The inclination of PQ is 26.6°.
x+4 1
y + 5 = −x − 4
x+ y+9 = 0 MN = [−3 − ( −1)]2 + [2 − ( −4)]2
(c)
= ( −2) 2 + 6 2
3. (a) The equation of the straight line is
x y = 2 10
+ =1
3 −1 2 − (−4)
x − 3y − 3 = 0 Slope of MN =
− 3 − ( −1)
= −3
(b) The equation of the straight line is
x y Let θ be the inclination of MN.
+ =1 ∵ Slope of MN = tan θ
−2 1
  −3 = tan θ
2 ∴
x − 4y + 2 = 0 θ = 180° − 71.57°
= 108.4° (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ The inclination of MN is 108.4°.
Exercise
2. Perimeter of ABC
Exercise 12A (p. 34) = AB + BC + CA
Level 1 = ( 26 − 1) 2 + (1 − 1) 2 + (10 − 26) 2 + (13 − 1) 2 +

AB = [3 − ( −1)]2 + (0 − 3) 2 (1 − 10) 2 + (1 − 13) 2

1. (a) = 25 + 20 + 15
= 4 2 + (−3) 2
= 60
=5

14
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

3. Let (x, 0) be the coordinates of B. 7. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of M.

∵ AB = 5 ∵ M is the mid-point of AB.
0+4 1+ 7
∴ ( x − 5) 2 + (0 − 4) 2 = 5 ∴ x= and y=
2 2
(x – 5)2 = 9
x=2 and y=4
x=8 or x = 2
(8, 0 ) ∴ The coordinates of M = ( 2, 4)
∴ The coordinates of B = or ( 2, 0)
(b) Let (0, c) be the coordinates of C.
4. ∵ P, Q and R are collinear.
∵ CM ⊥ AB
∴ Slope of PQ = slope of QR
∴ Slope of CM × slope of AB = –1
−1 − 4 −8 − (−1)
= c − 4 7 −1
3−2 x −3 × = −1
0−2 4−0
5 x − 15 = 7
4
22 c−4=
x= 3
5 16
c=
3
5. (a) ∵ AB // CD 16
∴ Slope of AB = slope of CD ∴ The coordinates of C = (0, )
3
7 − 2 y − (−1)
=
4−0 7−2 8. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of B.
25 = 4 y + 4 ∵ M is the mid-point of AB.
21 2+ x 4+ y
y= ∴ =5 and =2
4 2 2
x=8 and y=0
(b) ∵ AC ⊥ BD (8, 0 )
∴ The coordinates of B =
∴ Slope of AC × slope of BD = –1
−1 − 2 y − 7 4−0
× = −1 (b) (i) Slope of OA =
2−0 7−4 2−0
y −7 = 2 =2
y=9 ∵ CM // OA
∴ Slope of CM = slope of OA
6. (a) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of C. =2
∵ A, B and C are collinear.
∴ Slope of AC = slope of AB (ii) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of C.
y −6 3−6 ∵ Slope of CM = 2
=
0 − (−2) − 3 − (−2) 2− y
∴ =2
y −6 5−0
=3
2 y = −8
y = 12
∴ The coordinates of C = (0, − 8)
∴ The coordinates of C = (0, 12)
9. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P.
(b) Let θ be the inclination of AC. By the section formula for internal division, we have:
∵ Slope of AC = 3 (from (a)) 1(4) + 2(7)
x=
∴ tan θ = 3 2 +1
θ = 71.6° (cor. to the nearest 0.1°) =6
∴ The inclination of AC is 71.6°. 1(6) + 2(9)
y=
2 +1
=8
∴ The coordinates of P = (6, 8)

15
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

(b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P. ∴ The possible coordinates of A, B, C and D are
By the section formula for internal division, we have: (3, 5), (0, 4), (–1, –1) and (2, 0) or (4, 4), (–1, 3),
4( −5) + 3(2) (–2, 0) and (3, 1) respectively (or any other reasonable
x=
3+ 4 answers).
= −2
4(6) + 3( −2)
Level 2
y=
3+ 4 13. (a) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of C.
18 ∵ CB // OA
=
7 ∴ Slope of CB = slope of OA
18 10 − y 6 − 0
=
∴ The coordinates of P = (−2, ) 5−0 8−0
7
40 − 4 y = 15
(c) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P. 4 y = 25
By the section formula for internal division, we have: 25
y=
3( −13) + 7(7) 4
x=
7 + 13 25
=1 ∴ The coordinates of C = (0, )
4
3(0) + 7(10)
y=
7+3 (b) Slope of AB × slope of OA
=7 10 − 6 6
= ×
∴ The coordinates of P = (1, 7) 5 −8 8
4 3
= ×
10. (a) Let AP : PB = r : s. −3 4
By the section formula for internal division, we have: = −1
s ( −1) + r (−6) ∴ AB ⊥ OA
−4=
r+s
− 4r − 4 s = − s − 6 r
(c) OA = (8 − 0) + (6 − 0)
2 2

2r = 3s = 10
r 3
= AB = (5 − 8) 2 + (10 − 6) 2
s 2
=5
∴ AP : PB = 3 : 2
2
 25 
CB = (5 − 0) 2 + 10 − 
(b) By the section formula for internal division, we have:  4
2( −2) + 3(7)
y= 25
3+ 2 =
4
17
= Area of trapezium OABC
5
1
= × (CB + OA) × AB
2
11. PA = ( 2 − a ) 2 + (3 − b) 2 1  25 
= ×  + 10  × 5
∵ PA is an integer. 2  4 
∴ Point P is (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 3) or (4, 3) (or any other = 40.625
reasonable answers).
14. (a) (i) ∵ AB ⊥ BC
12. Let (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) and (x4, y4) be the coordinates of
∴ Slope of AB × slope of BC = –1
A, B, C and D respectively.
5−4 c −5
∵ ABCD is a parallelogram. × = −1
∴ K is the mid-point of AC and BD. 3 − (−1) 5 − 3
x +x y + y3 x + x4 y + y4 c − 5 = −8
∴ 1= 1 3 , 2 = 1 and 1 = 2 ,2= 2
2 2 2 2 c = −3
x1 + x3 = 2, y1 + y3 = 4 and x2 + x4 = 2, y2 + y4 = 4

16
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

(ii) Area of ABC  −2 + (−3) 6 + 3 

1 P= , 
= × AB × BC 16. (a) The coordinates of  2 2 
2
 5 9
1 = − , 
= × [3 − (−1)]2 + (5 − 4) 2 × (5 − 3) 2 + ( −3 − 5) 2  2 2
2
1
= × 17 × 2 17
2  −3 + 4 3 + 0 
Q= , 
= 17  2 2 
The coordinates of
1 3
(b) Let (x, 0) be the coordinates of D. = , 
2 2
∵ BD ⊥ AC
∴ Slope of BD × slope of AC = –1  4 +1 0 + 7 
5 − 0 4 − (−3) The coordinates of R =  , 
× = −1  2 2 
3 − x −1− 5
5 7
5 6 = , 
= 2 2
3− x 7
35 = 18 − 6 x  1 + (−2 ) 7 + 6 
S = , 
17  2 2 
x=− The coordinates of
6  1 13 
17 = − , 
∴ The coordinates of D = (− , 0)  2 2
6

2 2
15. (a) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of A.  1  5   13 9 
∵ AB = AC (b) (i) PS = − −  −  +  − 
 2  2   2 2 
y − ( −4) = (8 − 0) + (0 − y )
2 2
= 22 + 22 = 2 2
y + 8 y + 16 = 64 + y 2
2
2 2

8 y = 48  5 1 7 3 
QR =  −  +  − 
y=6  2 2  2 2 

∴ The coordinates of A = (0, 6) = 22 + 22 = 2 2

2 2
 1  5   3 9 
PQ =  −  −  +  − 
 0 + 8 −4 + 0   2  2   2 2 
(b) The coordinates of M =  2 , 2 
= 32 + (−3) 2
= (4,−2)
=3 2
Slope of AM × slope of BC
2 2
−2 − 6 0 − (−4)  5  1   7 13 
= × SR =  −  −  +  − 
4−0 8−0  2  2   2 2 
−8 4
= × = 32 + ( −3) 2
4 8
= −1 =3 2
∴ AM ⊥ BC ∴ PS = QR and PQ = SR

(ii) Slope of PS × slope of PQ

(c) Area of ABC 13 9 3 9
1 − −
= × BC × AM = 2 2 × 2 2
2 1  5 1  5
1 − −−  −− 
= × (8 − 0) 2 + [0 − ( −4)]2 × ( 4 − 0) 2 + (−2 − 6) 2 2  2 2  2 
2 2 −3
1 = ×
= × 80 × 80 2 3
2 = −1
= 40 ∴ PS ⊥ PQ

17
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

Slope of QR × slope of SR 14
y−
7 3
−
7 13
−
∴ 5 =2
= 2 2 × 2 2 x−0 5
5 1 5  1 2x – 5y + 14 = 0 ……(2)
− − − 
2 2 2  2 22
By solving (1) and (2), we have x = 4, y = .
2 −3 5
= ×
2 3 22
∴ The coordinates of E = ( 4, )
= −1 5
∴ QR ⊥ SR
18. (a) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of H.
17. (a) (i) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of D. By the section formula for internal division, we have:
∵ D lies on AB. 1( −3) + 4(7)
x=
∴ Slope of AD = slope of AB 4 +1
y − 6 −2 − 6 =5
=
0− 2 −3−2 1( −2) + 4(3)
16 y=
y−6 = − 4 +1
5 =2
14
y= ∴ The coordinates of H = (5, 2)
5
14
∴ The coordinates of D = (0, ) (b) ∵ PH ⊥ QR
5 ∴ Slope of PH × slope of QR = –1
2 − 7 3 − (−2)
(ii) Let AD : DB = r : s. × = −1
5 − a 7 − (−3)
By the section formula for internal division, we
have: 5 = 10 − 2a
s ( 2) + r (−3) 5
0= a=
r+s 2
2 s = 3r 2
 5
r 2 PH =  5 −  + (2 − 7) 2
=  2
s 3
∴ AD : DB = 2 : 3 5 5
=
2
2−6 4
(b) (i) Slope of AC = =−
7−2 5 (c) Area of PQR
1
∵ DE // BC = × QR × PH
∴ Slope of DE = slope of BC 2
2 − (−2) 1 5 5
= = × [7 − (−3)]2 + [3 − (−2)]2 ×
7 − (−3) 2 2
2 1 5 5
= = ×5 5 ×
5 2 2
125
=
(ii) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of E. 4
∵ Slope of AE = slope of AC
y −6 4 Exercise 12B (p. 44)
∴ =−
x−2 5
Level 1
5y – 30 = –4x + 8
4x + 5y – 38 = 0 ……(1) 1. ∵ L is parallel to the x-axis.
2 ∴ The equation of L is y = 3.
∵ Slope of DE =
5
2. ∵ L is parallel to the x-axis.
∴ The equation of L is y = –5.

18
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

4.5
3. ∵ L is parallel to the y-axis. y= x
− 1.5
∴ The equation of L is x = 6. i.e. y = –3x
(d) The equation of the straight line is
4. ∵ L is parallel to the y-axis. −9
∴ The equation of L is x = –2. y= x
12
3
5. The equation of L is i.e. y = − x
4
6
y= x
2 Level 2
i.e.
y = 3x
12. By substituting (1, a) into the equation y = 2, we have:
6. The equation of L is a=2
2 By substituting (3, b) into the equation y = 2, we have:
y= x b=2
−4
1 By substituting (–4, c) into the equation y = 2, we have:
y=− x
i.e. 2 c=2

13. ∵ L passes through A and B.

7. ∵ Slope = 2
∴ The equation of L is y = 2x. 3
By substituting (a, 6) into the equation y = − x , we
4
1 have:
8. ∵ Slope = − 3
3 6=− a
4
1
∴ The equation of L is y = − x. ∴ a = −8
3
3
By substituting (6, b) into the equation y = − x , we
9. (a) The equation of the straight line is y = 6. 4
have:
(b) The equation of the straight line is y = 0. 3
b = − (6)
4
(c) The equation of the straight line is y = –3. 9
∴ b=−
(d) The equation of the straight line is y = 7. 2

10. (a) The equation of the straight line is x = 4. 14. (a)

(b) The equation of the straight line is x = –2.

(c) The equation of the straight line is x = –5.

(d) The equation of the straight line is x = 0.

11. (a) The equation of the straight line is

8
y= x
2
i.e. y = 4x

(b) The equation of the straight line is

−5 (b) (i) By joining the points in (a), we can see that L
y= x passes through the origin.
−4
y − coordinates
5 ∴ is a constant.
i.e. y = x x − coordinates
4
y 3
∴ =
(c) The equation of the straight line is x 2
y : x = 3: 2

19
 Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

Level 1
y 3
(ii) From (b) (i), we have = 1. The equation of the straight line L is
x 2 y – 4 = 3(x – 0)
3 ∴ y = 3x + 4
y= x
2 2. The equation of the straight line L is
3 y – 3 = –1[x – (–2)]
∴ The equation of L is y = x .
2 ∴ y = –x + 1

15. (a) Let (0, y), (h, k) and (x, 0) be the coordinates of A, 3. The equation of the straight line L is
B 1
y – 4 = [x – (–2)]
and C respectively. 2
By substituting the points (0, y) and (h, k) into the 1
equation y = 3, we have y = k = 3. ∴ y= x+5
2
∵ OABC is a square.
∴ OC = k = 3 4. The equation of the straight line L is
∵ C is on the negative x-axis. y = 2x + 2
∴ x = –3
CB = OC = 3 5. The equation of the straight line L is
∵ B is in Quad. II. y = –5x + 7
∴ h = –3
∴ The coordinates of A, B and C are (0, 3), (–3, 3) 6. The equation of the straight line L is
and (–3, 0) respectively. 1
y = − x + (–3)
2
(b) The equation of OB is 1
3 ∴ y=− x–3
y= x, 2
−3
y = −x 7. The equation of the straight line is
i.e. y – 2 = 4(x – 3)
∴ y = 4x – 10
16. (a) The equation of L1 is
−2 8. The equation of the straight line is
y= x,
−3 y – 3 = –2[x – (–2)]
i.e. 2 ∴ y = –2x – 1
y= x
3
The equation of L2 is 9. The equation of the straight line is
−3 4
y= x, y – 5 = − [x – (–2)]
1 5
i.e.
y = −3 x 4 17
∴ y =− x+
5 5
(b) Let θ1 and θ2 be the inclinations of L1 and L2
respectively. 10. The equation of the straight line is
tan θ1 = slope of L1   1 
y – 3 = 0 x −  − 
2   3 
=
3 ∴ y=3
θ1 = 33.7°
tan θ 2 = slope of L2 11. The equation of the straight line is
y = 3x + 4
= −3
θ 2 = 180° − 71.6° 12. The equation of the straight line is
= 108.4° 2
y=− x+1
θ2 – θ1 = 108.4° – 33.7° 5
= 75° (cor. to the nearest degree)
∴ The acute angle between L1 and L2 is 75°. 13. The equation of the straight line is
4 4
Exercise 12C (p. 50) y = x+
7 7

20
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

y-intercept = 3
14. The equation of the straight line is
y = 0x + (–4)
∴ y = –4
15. Let the slope of the straight line be m. (b) ∵ Slope of L2 = 4 × slope of L1
The equation of the straight line L is
y – 3 = m[x – (–2)]  1
= 4×− 
y = mx + (2m + 3)  2
Let m = –1. = –2
y = (–1)x + [2(–1) + 3] = –x + 1 ∴ The equation of L2 is
Let m = –2. y – (–1) = –2[x – (–2)]
y = (–2)x + [2(–2) + 3] = –2x – 1 y = –2x – 5
∴ The possible equation of a straight line L is
y = –x + 1 or y = –2x – 1 (or any other reasonable 1
answers). (c) ∵ Slope of L3 =
slope of L1
1
16. Let the slope and y-intercept of the straight line L be m and =  1
c respectively. − 
 2
The equation of the straight line L is = –2
y = mx + c ∴ The equation of L3 is
Let m = 1 and c = –1. y = –2x + (–4)
y = (1)x + (–1) = x – 1 y = –2x – 4
Let m = 2 and c = –5.
y = (2)x + (–5) = 2x – 5 20. (a) (i) The equation of the straight line L1 is
∴ The possible equation of a straight line L is y = x – 1 y – 10 = 2(x – 3)
or y = 2x – 5 (or any other reasonable answers). ∴ y = 2x + 4

Level 2 (ii) From the equation of L1: y = 2x + 4,

17. (a) The equation of the straight line L is y-intercept c = 4
y – 2 = 1[x – (–2)]
∴ y=x+4 3
(b) By substituting B(2, –6) into the equation y = x + 4, (b) (i) Slope of L2 = × slope of L1
4
we have: 3
L.H.S. = –6 = ×2
R.H.S. = 2 + 4 = 6 ≠ –6 4
∴ B does not lie on L. 3
=
By substituting C(3, 7) into the equation y = x + 4, we 2
have: y-intercept = c + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6
L.H.S. = 7 3
∴ The equation of L2 is y = x + 6.
R.H.S. = 3 + 4 = 7 = L.H.S. 2
∴ C lies on L.
(ii) By substituting (2a, a) into the equation
18. (a) The equation of the straight line L is y = mx + 5. 3
y = x + 6 , we have:
2
(b) By substituting (3, –1) into the equation y = mx + 5, 3
we have: a = (2a) + 6
–1 = m(3) + 5 2
a= 3−
m = −2

19. (a) (i) The equation of the straight line L1 is Exercise 12D (p. 53)
1 Level 1
y – 4 = − [x – (–2)]
2
1 1. Let m be the slope of the straight line L.
∴ y=− x+3 1− 3
2 m=
2 −1
1 = −2
(ii) From the equation of L1: y = − x+3 , The equation of the straight line L is
2

21
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

y – 1 = –2(x – 2) 0 − (−3)
∴ y = –2x + 5 m=
−5−0
3
=−
5
2. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. The equation of the straight line L is
3
1 − (−1) y – (–3) = − (x – 0)
m= 5
3 − ( −2)
3
2 ∴ y=− x–3
= 5
5
The equation of the straight line L is
7. Let m be the slope of the straight line.
2
y – 1 = (x – 3) 0 − ( −2)
5 m=
3 − (−1)
2 1
∴ y = x− 1
5 5 =
2
3. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. The equation of the straight line is
1
−7 − ( −8) y – 0 = (x – 3)
m= 2
6 − ( −7)
1 3
1 ∴ y = x−
= 2 2
13
The equation of the straight line L is 8. Let m be the slope of the straight line.
1 −1 − ( −3)
y – (–7) = (x – 6) m=
13 2 −1
1 97 =2
∴ y = x−
13 13 The equation of the straight line is
y – (–1) = 2(x – 2)
4. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. ∴ y = 2x – 5
0−3
m= 9. Let m be the slope of the straight line.
6−0
1 −6 − (−5)
=− m=
2 − 3 − (−4)
The equation of the straight line L is = −1
1 The equation of the straight line is
y – 3 = − (x – 0) y – (–6) = –1[x – (–3)]
2
1 ∴ y = –x – 9
∴ y=− x+3
2
10. Let m be the slope of the straight line.
5. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. 1 − ( −7)
m=
2−0 1 − (−5)
m=
0 − (−5) 4
=
2 3
= The equation of the straight line is
5
The equation of the straight line L is 4
y – 1 = (x – 1)
2 3
y – 2 = (x – 0) 4 1
5 ∴ y = x−
2 3 3
∴ y= x+2
5
11. Let m be the slope of the straight line.
6. Let m be the slope of the straight line L. 1− 0
m=
0−3
1
=−
3

22
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

The equation of the straight line is

1 4
y – 1 = − (x – 0) (b) From the equation of L: y = − x + 2,
3 5
1 y-intercept = 2
∴ y=− x+1
3

12. Let m be the slope of the straight line. 16. (a) Let m be the slope of the straight line L.
5 −2 − 0
−0 m=
m= 2 0−a
0−5 2
1 =
=− a
2 The equation of the straight line L is
The equation of the straight line is 2
5 1 y = x + (–2)
y – = − (x – 0) a
2 2 2
1 5 ∴ y= x–2
∴ y =− x+ a
2 2
1
13. Let m be the slope of the straight line. (b) ∵ Slope of L =
3
5−0
m= 2 1
0 − (−4) ∴ =
a 3
5
= a =6
4
The equation of the straight line is
5 17. (a) The equation of the straight line L1 is
y − 5 = ( x − 0) 4
4 y – (–3) = [x – (–2)]
5 3
∴ y = x+5 4 1
4 y = x−
3 3
14. Let m be the slope of the straight line. The equation of the straight line L2 is
−4 − 0 4
m= y – 2 = (x – 4)
0 − ( −3) 3
4 4 10
=− ∴ y = x−
3 3 3
The equation of the straight line is
4 (b) (i) Let m be the slope of the straight line.
y – (–4) = − (x – 0) 2 − ( −3)
3 m=
4 4 − ( −2)
∴ y=− x–4 5
3 =
6
Level 2 The equation of the required straight line is
5
15. (a) Let m be the slope of the straight line L. y – 2 = (x – 4)
6
6 − ( −2)
m= 5 4
−5−5 ∴ y = x−
6 3
4
=−
5 (ii) From the equation of the required straight line:
The equation of the straight line L is 5 4
4 y = x− ,
y – (–2) = − (x – 5) 6 3
5
4
4 y-intercept = −
∴ y=− x+2 3
5

23
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

18. Let the x-intercept be 2a, then the y-intercept is a. 8 x + 3(0) + 24 = 0

Let m be the slope of the straight line. 8 x = −24
a −0
m= x = −3
0 − 2a
∴ x-intercept = −3
1
=− If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:
2
8
y=− x–8
The equation of the straight line is 3
1 8
y – 2 = − (x – 1) ∴ Slope = −
2 3
1 5 y-intercept = −8
∴ y =− x+
2 2
6. From the equation 7x + 2y – 14 = 0, we have A = 7, B = 2
Exercise 12E (p. 59) and C = –14.
Level 1 A
=−
∴ Slope B
1. 4y = –3x + 2 7
∴ 3x + 4y – 2 = 0 =−
2
2. 4(y – 1) = 2x +1 C
x-intercept = −
4y – 4 = 2x +1 A
∴ 2x – 4y + 5 = 0  − 14 
= − 
C 7 
3. y – 3 = –2(x +1) =−
y – 3 = –2x – 2 =2 B
y-intercept  − 14 
∴ 2x + y – 1 = 0 = − 
 2 
y−4 1 =7
4. =−
x−2 2
2y – 8 = –x + 2 Alternative Solution
∴ x + 2y – 10 = 0 If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:
7
5. From the equation 8x + 3y + 24 = 0, we have A = 8, B= y=− x+7
2
3 and C = 24.
7
=−
A ∴ Slope = −
2
∴ Slope B
8 y-intercept = 7
=−
3 Put y = 0 into 7x + 2y – 14 = 0, we have:
7 x + 2(0) − 14 = 0
C
=− 7 x = 14
A
x-intercept 24 x=2
=−
8 ∴ x-intercept = 2
= −3
7. From the equation 2x – 3y + 9 = 0, we have A = 2,
C
=− B = –3 and C = 9.
B A
y-intercept 24 =−
=− B
3
∴ Slope = − 2 
= −8
 −3
2
Alternative Solution =
3
Put y = 0 into 8x + 3y + 24 = 0, we have:

24
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

C 3
=− ∴ Slope = −
x-intercept A 7
9 2
=−
2 y-intercept =
7
C Put y = 0 into 3x + 7y – 2 = 0, we have:
=−
B 3 x + 7(0) − 2 = 0
y-intercept  9 
= −  3x = 2
 −3 2
x=
=3 3
2
Alternative Solution ∴ x-intercept =
3
If we make y the subject of the equation, we have:
2 A
y= x+3 9. ∵ Slope = −
3 3
2
∴ Slope = 3 A
3 − =−
4 3
y-intercept = 3 ∴ 9 = 4A
Put y = 0 into 2x – 3y + 9 = 0, we have: 9
2 x − 3(0) + 9 = 0 A=
4
2 x = −9
9 (−6)
x=− 10. ∵ y-intercept = −
2 B
9 2 ( −6)
∴ x-intercept = − =−
2 ∴ 3 B
2 B = 18
8. From the equation 3x + 7y – 2 = 0, we have A = 3, B = 7 B=9
and C = –2.
A
=− C
∴ Slope B 11. ∵ x-intercept = −
2
3
=− C
7 ∴ −4= −
2
C C =8
=−
A
x-intercept = − − 2 
 Level 2
 3 
12. 2(y + 3) = 3(x – 2)
2 2y + 6 = 3x – 6
=
3 3x – 2y – 12 = 0
C A
=− =−
B B
y-intercept = − − 2  ∴ Slope = − 3 
 7   −2
2 3
= =
7 2
C
=−
Alternative Solution A
If we make y the subject of the equation, we have: x-intercept  − 12 
3 2 = − 
y =− x+  3 
7 7 =4

25
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

C A
=− =−
B B
y-intercept ∴ Slope
 − 12  =−
3
= − 
 −2  3
= −6 = −1

y x C
13. + =1 =−
2 3 A
3y + 2x = 6 x-intercept = − − 2 

2x + 3y – 6 = 0  3 
A 2
=− =
∴ Slope B 3
2
=− C
3 =−
B
C
=− y-intercept = − − 2 

A
 3 
x-intercept  −6
= −  2
 2  =
3
=3
C 16. For the straight line L1: x + 3y + C = 0,
=−
B C
y-intercept = −
y-intercept  −6 3
= −  For the straight line L2: 3x – 2y + 2 = 0,
 3 
=2  2 
y-intercept = −  =1
 −2
14. 2(x – 3y) = x – 4y + 2 C
2x – 6y = x – 4y + 2 ∴ − 3 =1
x – 2y – 2 = 0 C = −3
A
=−
B 17. For the straight line L1: 2x + 5y + 6 = 0,
∴ Slope = − 1  2
slope = −
−2 5
1 For the straight line L2: x – 4y + 8 = 0,
=
2  8 
y-intercept = − =2
C −4
=−
A 2
∴ The equation of L is y = − x + 2.
x-intercept −2 5
= − 
 1 
18. For the straight line L1: kx + 2y + 6 = 0,
=2
k
slope = −
C 2
=−
B For the straight line L2: x + (k – 1)y + 3 = 0,
y-intercept  −2 1
= −  slope = −
 −2 k −1
= −1 k 1
∴ − =−
2 k −1
2y − 2 2 k(k – 1) = 2
15. =− k2 – k – 2 = 0
3x + 1 3 (k + 1)(k – 2) = 0
6y – 6 = –6x – 2
k = −1 or k = 2
6x + 6y – 4 = 0
3x + 3y – 2 = 0

26
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

19. For the straight line L: ax + by + 6 = 0, 1. From the equation of L: x + y = 0, we have:

a 1
slope = − Slope of L = − 1
b
6 = −1
y-intercept = − ∵ The required straight line // L.
b
∴ Slope of the required straight line = –1
a
∴ − =3 ∴ The equation of the required straight line is
b y – 4 = –1(x – 3)
a = –3b ……(1) y = –x + 7
6
and − = 4
b 2. From the equation of L: x – 2y = 0, we have:
3 1
b=− L=−
2 Slope of ( −2)
3 1
By substituting b = − into (1), we have: =
2 2
 3 ∵ The required straight line // L.
a = −3 −  1
 2 ∴ Slope of the required straight line =
9 2
= ∴ The equation of the required straight line is
2
1
y – (–3) = [x – (–2)]
20. (a) Let (0, a) and (b, 0) be the coordinates of A and B 2
respectively. 1
y= x–2
15 2
∵ x-intercept = −
3
3. From the equation of L: 2x – y + 3 = 0, we have:
∴ b = –5
2
∵ y-intercept = −
 15 
 Slope of L = − ( −1)
 −5
=2
∴ a=3
∵ The required straight line // L.
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (0, 3) and (–5, 0)
respectively. ∴ Slope of the required straight line = 2
∴ The equation of the required straight line is
(b) y-intercept of L2 = y-intercept of L1 = 3 y – 0 = 2(x – 1)
2 y = 2x – 2
∴ The equation of L2 is y = − x + 3.
3
4. From the equation of L: 2x + 3y – 4 = 0, we have:
2
2 Slope of L = −
(c) Put y = 0 into y = − x + 3, we have: 3
3
∵ The required straight line // L.
2
0=− x+3 2
3 ∴ Slope of the required straight line = −
3
9
x= ∴ The equation of the required straight line is
2
2
9 y – 0 = − [x – (–5)]
∴ The coordinates of C = ( , 0). 3
2
2 10
1 y=− x−
∴ Area of △ABC = × BC × OA 3 3
2
1 9  5. From the equation of L: x = –3, we have:
= ×  − (−5) × 3
2 2  L // y-axis
∵ The required straight line // L.
57
= ∴ The required straight line // y-axis
4
∴ The equation of the required straight line is x = 2.
Exercise 12F (p. 63)
6. Let m be the slope of the required straight line.
Level 1

27
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

From the equation of L: 2x + 3y = 0, we have: 5

m× = –1
2 4
Slope of L = −
3 4
m=−
∵ The required straight line ⊥ L. 5
∴ m × slope of L = –1 ∴ The equation of the required straight line is
 2 4
m ×  −  = −1 y – (–4) = − [x – (–2)]
 3 5
3 4 28
m= y =− x−
2 5 5
∴ The equation of the required straight line is
3 10. From the equation of L: y = 2, we have:
y – (–2) = (x – 1)
2 L // x-axis
3 7 ∵ The required straight line ⊥ L.
y= x− ∴ The required straight line ⊥ x-axis
2 2
i.e. The required straight line // y-axis
7. Let m be the slope of the required straight line. ∴ The equation of the required straight line is x = 2.
From the equation of L: x + y – 5 = 0, we have:
1 11. From the equation of L1: 2x – y – 3 = 0, we have:
Slope of L = − 1 2
Slope of L1 = − (−1) = 2
= −1
∵ The required straight line ⊥ L. ∵ L // L1
∴ m × slope of L = –1 ∴ Slope of L = 2
m × (–1) = –1 ∴ The equation of L is
m=1 y – 2 = 2(x – 0)
y = 2x + 2
∴ The equation of the required straight line is
y – 4 = 1(x – 0)
12. Let m be the slope of L.
y=x+4
From the equation of L1: 2x + 3y – 5 = 0, we have:
8. Let m be the slope of the required straight line. 2
Slope of L1 = −
From the equation of L: 2x – y – 7 = 0, we have: 3
2 ∵ L ⊥ L1
Slope of L = − (−1) ∴ m × slope of L1 = –1
=2  2
m ×  −  = −1
∵ The required straight line ⊥ L.  3
∴ m × slope of L = –1 3
m=
m × 2 = –1 2
1 ∴ The equation of L is
m=− 3
2 y – 0 = (x – 0)
∴ The equation of the required straight line is 2
1 3
y − 0 = − [ x − ( −2)] y= x
2 2
1
y = − x −1 13. Let m be the slope of L.
2
L1 passes through the points (–1, 0) and (2, 4).
4−0 4
9. Let m be the slope of the required straight line. Slope of L1 = =
From the equation of L: 5x – 4y – 6 = 0, we have: 2 − (−1) 3
5 ∵ L ⊥ L1
L=−
Slope of ( −4) ∴ m × slope of L1 = –1
5 4
= m × = –1
4 3
∵ The required straight line ⊥ L. 3
m=−
∴ m × slope of L = –1 4
∴ The equation of L is

28
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

3 1
y–4=− (x – 2) ∴ The possible equation of BC is y = − x + 10 or
4 2
3 11 1
y =− x+ y=− x + 12 (or any other reasonable
4 2 2
14. ∵ L1 // L2 answers).
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 (b) ∵ CD // AB
a a+2 ∴ Slope of CD = slope of AB = 2
− =−
3 ( −2) ∴ The possible equation of CD is y = 2 x − 2 or
2a = −3a − 6 y = 2 x + 2 (or any other reasonable answers).
6
a=− (c) ∵ AD // BC
5
1
∴ Slope of AD = slope of BC = −
2
15. ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∵ AD cuts the x-axis at A.
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
∴ x-intercept of AD = x-intercept of AB = 4
a  4
− ×  −  = −1 ∴ The equation of AD is
( − 2)  5  1
5 y – 0 = − (x – 4)
a= 2
2 1
y=− x+2
2
16. Let y = mx + c and y = nx + d be the equations of
L1 and L2 respectively. Level 2
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
18. For L1: 2x + y + 3 = 0,
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
2
m × n = –1 Slope = − = –2
1
1
n=− 3
m x-intercept = −
2
∵ L1 intersects L2 at the y-axis.
3
∴ L1 and L2 have the same y-intercept. ∴ x-intercept of L2 = −
2
∴ c=d
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
1
∴ L1 : y = mx + c and L2 : y = − x + c ∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
m
–2 × slope of L2 = –1
∵ L1 has a positive x-intercept and L2 has a negative x-
1
intercept. slope of L2 =
Put y = 0 into the equations of L1 and L2, we have: 2
c ∴ The equation of L2 is
− > 0 and cm < 0 1
m  3 
y − 0 =  x −  − 
∴ The possible equations of L1 and L2 are y = x − 4 and 2  2 
1 1 3
y = − x − 4 or y = 2 x − 6 and y = − x − 6 y= x+
2 2 4
respectively (or any other reasonable answers).
19. For L1: 3x + y – 5 = 0,
17. For AB: y = 2x – 8, slope = 2 3
Slope = − = –3
Put y = 0 into y = 2x – 8, we have: 1
0 = 2x – 8 For L2: x + ay – 6 = 0,
x=4 1
∴ x-intercept = 4 Slope = −
a
(a) ∵ BC ⊥ AB For L3: bx + 3y – 28 = 0,
∴ Slope of BC × slope of AB = –1 b
Slope of BC × 2 = –1 Slope = −
3
1
Slope of BC = − ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
2 ∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1

29
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

 1 ∵ DC // AB
− 3 ×  −  = −1
 a ∴ Slope of DC = slope of AB = –2
a = −3 ∴ The required equation is
y – (–2) = –2(x – 5)
∵ L1 // L3 y = –2x + 8
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L3
b 4 − (−2)
–3 = − (c) Slope of AC = = –1
3 −1 − 5
b =9 ∵ BD ⊥ AC (property of rhombus)
∴ Slope of BD × slope of AC = –1
20. For L1: 4x + 3y – 6 = 0, Slope of BD × (–1) = –1
4 Slope of BD = 1
Slope = −
3 ∴ The required equation is
For L2: 2x – 3y – 5 = 0, y – 0 = 1(x – 1)
 −5 5 y=x–1
y-intercept = − =−
 −3 3
∵ L // L1 23. (a) ∵ OR ⊥ OP
L = slope of L1 ∴ Slope of OR × slope of OP = –1
∴ Slope of 3m = –1
4
=− 1
3 m=−
3
5
y-intercept of L = −
3
(b) (i) ∵ PQ // OR
4 5
∴ The equation of L is y = − x− . ∴ Slope of PQ = slope of OR = 3
3 3
∴ The equation of PQ is
y – 2 = 3(x – 8)
21. For the straight line passing through B(–4, –1) and C(2, 3),
y = 3x – 22
3 − ( −1) 2
Slope = =
2 − (−4) 3 (ii) ∵ RQ // OP
∵ L is perpendicular to the above straight line. 1
2 ∴ Slope of RQ = slope of OP = −
∴ Slope of L × = –1 3
3 ∴ The equation of RQ is
3 1
Slope of L = − y − 2 = − ( x − 8)
2 3
∴ The equation of L is 1 14
3 y=− x+
y – 4 = − [x – (–2)] 3 3
2
3 3−0 3
y=− x+1 24. (a) Slope of OP = =−
2 −2−0 2
∵ OP ⊥ AB
−2 − 0 1 ∴ Slope of OP × slope of AB = –1
22. (a) Slope of BC = =−
5 −1 2 3
∵ AD // BC − × slope of AB = –1
2
1 2
∴ Slope of AD = slope of BC = − Slope of AB =
2 3
∴ The required equation is The equation of L is
1 2
y – 4 = − [x – (–1)] y – 3 = [x – (–2)]
2 3
1 7 2 13
y =− x+ y= x+
2 2 3 3

4−0 2 13
(b) Slope of AB = = –2 x+
−1−1 (b) Rewrite the equation L: y = into the general
3 3

30
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

form, we have 2x – 3y + 13 = 0. ( x − y − 1) + ( x + y − 3) = 0
13 2x − 4 = 0
x-intercept = −
2 x=2
1   13  39 By substituting x = 2 into (1), we have:
∴ Area of △OAP = × 0 −−  ×3 =
2   2  4 2–y–1=0
y=1
25. (a) For the equation L1: x + 2y – 8 = 0, ∴ The coordinates of A = (2,1)
(−8)
x-intercept = − =8 4. L1: 3x – 2y = 6 ……(1)
1 L2: y = –x ……(2)
(−8) By substituting (2) into (1), we have:
y-intercept = − =4
2 3x – 2(–x) = 6
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (8, 0) and (0, 4) 6
respectively. x=
5
6
8+0 0+ 4 By substituting x = into (2), we have:
(b) K =  ,  = (4, 2) 5
 2 2 
6
∵ L1 ⊥ L2 y=−
5
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
6 6
1
− × slope of L2 = –1 ∴ The coordinates of A =  5 ,− 5 
 
2
Slope of L2 = 2
The equation of L2 is 5. (a) L1: 2x – 5y + 1 = 0 ……(1)
y – 2 = 2(x – 4) L2: x – 7 = 0 ……(2)
y = 2x – 6 From (2), we have:
x=7
(c) Rewrite the equation L2: y = 2x – 6 into the general By substituting x = 7 into (1), we have:
form, we have 2x – y – 6 = 0. 2(7) – 5y + 1 = 0
(−6) y=3
x-intercept = − =3
2 ∴ The coordinates of A = (7, 3)
1
∴ Area of △AKC = × (8 – 3) × 2
2 3
(b) The equation of L is y = x.
=5 7

Exercise 12G (p. 67) 6. (a) L1: 3x + y – 3 = 0 ……(1)

L2: 4y + 3 = 0 ……(2)
Level 1 From (2), we have:
3
1. L1: x = –3 y=−
L2: y = 2 4
3
∴ The coordinates of A = (−3, 2) By substituting y = − into (1), we have:
4
2. L1: 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 ……(1)  3
3x +  −  – 3 = 0
L2: y = –3 ……(2)  4
By substituting (2) into (1), we have: 5
2x – 3(–3) – 6 = 0 x=
4
3
x=− 5 3
2 ∴ The coordinates of A =  4 , − 4 
 
 3 
∴ The coordinates of A =  − 2 , − 3 
  3
− −0 3
(b) Slope of L = 5
4
=−
3. L1: x – y – 1 = 0 ……(1) −0 5
4
L2: x + y – 3 = 0 ……(2) 3
(1) + (2), The equation of L is y = − x.
5

31
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

7. (a) L1: 2x + y = –1 ……(1) 3

L2: x – 2y = –8 ……(2) y = 2  – 3
4
(1) – (2) × 2,
(2x + y) – 2(x – 2y) = –1 – 2(–8) 3
=−
5y = 15 2
y=3 3 3
By substituting y = 3 into (1), we have: ∴ The coordinates of A =  4 ,− 2 
 
2x + 3 = –1
x = –2
4
∴ The coordinates of A = (−2, 3) 11. L1: y = x ……(1)
3
L2: y = –2x + 2 ……(2)
3
(b) The equation of L is y = − x. By substituting (1) into (2), we have:
2 4
x = –2x + 2
3
8. (a) L1: x – y = –1 ……(1)
L2: 3x – y = 1 ……(2) 3
x=
(2) – (1), 5
(3x – y) – (x – y) = 1 – (–1) 3
2x = 2 By substituting x = into (1), we have:
5
x=1
By substituting x = 1 into (1), we have: 4 3
y=  
1 − y = –1 3 5
y=2 4
=
∴ The coordinates of A = (1, 2) 5
3 4
(b) The equation of L is y = 2x. ∴ The coordinates of A =  5 , 5 
 

Level 2 0 − (−2) 2
12. Slope of L1 = =−
−3−0 3
9. L1: y = 2x – 2 ……(1)
2
L2: y = –x + 4 ……(2) L1: y – (–2) = − (x – 0)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have: 3
–x + 4 = 2x – 2 2
y = − x – 2 ……(1)
x=2 3
By substituting x = 2 into (1), we have: ∵ L2 ⊥ L1
y = 2(2) – 2
∴ Slope of L2 × slope of L1 = –1
=2
Slope of L2 ×  −= –1
2
∴ The coordinates of A = (2, 2) 
 3
3
0 − (−2) 2 Slope of L2 =
10. Slope of L1 = = 2
3−0 3 3
2 L2: y = x ……(2)
L1: y – (–2) = (x – 0) 2
3 By substituting (2) into (1), we have:
2
y = x – 2 ……(1) 2
3 3
x=− x–2
L2: y = 2x – 3 ……(2) 2 3
By substituting (2) into (1), we have: 12
2 x=−
2x – 3 = x – 2 13
3 12
3 By substituting x = − into (2), we have:
x= 13
4
3
By substituting x = into (2), we have:
4

32
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

3  12  3
y= −  y=− +3
2  13  2
18 3
=− =
13 2
 12 18   3 3
∴ The coordinates of A =  − ,−  ∴ The coordinates of P =  − 2 , 2 
 13 13   

13. (a) L1: 2x – y – 3 = 0 ……(1) 3

L2: x + y – 3 = 0 ……(2) −1 1
(b) Slope of L = − =−
2
3
(1) + (2), − −0 3
2
(2x – y – 3) + (x + y – 3) = 0
∴ The equation of L is
3x – 6 = 0
x=2 1
y – 1 = − (x – 0)
By substituting x = 2 into (2), we have: 3
2+y–3=0 1
y=1 y=− x+1
3
∴ The coordinates of P = ( 2,1)
16. L1: (a + 1)x – 2y – 4 = 0
(b) ∵ L is parallel to the x-axis. L2: 4x + (a + 3)y = 0
∴ The equation of L is y = 1. (a) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
14. (a) L1: 3x – y – 2 = 0 ……(1)  a + 1  4 
−  × − = −1
L2: x – y – 4 = 0 ……(2)
 ( − 2 )   a + 3 
(1) – (2),
(3x – y – 2) – (x – y – 4) = 0 2(a + 1) = a + 3
2x + 2 = 0 a =1
x = –1
By substituting x = –1 into (2), we have: (b) From (a), we have:
–1 – y – 4 = 0 L1: (1 + 1)x – 2y – 4 = 0
y = –5 x–y–2=0 ……(1)
∴ The coordinates of A = (−1, − 5) and L2: 4x + (1 + 3)y = 0
x+y=0 ……(2)
(1) + (2),
0 − (−5) 5
(b) Slope of L = = (x – y – 2) + (x + y) = 0
2 − (−1) 3 2x – 2 = 0
∴ The equation of L is x=1
5 By substituting x = 1 into (2), we have:
y – 0 = (x – 2) 1+y=0
3
y = –1
5 10
y = x− ∴ The coordinates of P = (1, − 1)
3 3

3− 0 (c) From L3: x – 2y = 0, we have:

15. (a) Slope of L1 = =1 1
0 − ( −3) L3 = −
Slope of ( −2)
The equation of L1 is
y – 3 = 1(x – 0) 1
=
y = x + 3 ……(1) 2
The equation of L2 is ∵ L ⊥ L3
y = –3x – 3 ……(2) ∴ Slope of L × slope of L3 = –1
By substituting (1) into (2), we have:
1
x + 3 = –3x – 3 Slope of L × = –1
3 2
x=− Slope of L = –2
2
∴ The equation of L is
3
By substituting x = − into (1), we have: y – (–1) = –2(x – 1)
2 y = –2x + 1

33
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

17. (a) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1 (b) The equation of the circle is
–2 × slope of L2 = –1 (x – 1)2 + [y – (–1)]2 = 32
∴ (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 9
1
Slope of L2 =
2 2. (a) x2 + y2 = 49
∴ The equation of L2 is (x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = 72
1
y – (–4) = (x – 0) ∴ Centre = (0,0) and radius = 7
2
1
y= x–4 (b) (x + 5)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9
2 [x – (–5)]2 + (y – 2)2 = 32
1
Put y = 0 into y = x – 4, we have: ∴ Centre = (−5,2) and radius = 3
2
1
0= x–4 (c) (3x – 1)2 + (3y + 2)2 = 54
2 (3x – 1)2 + [3y – (–2)]2 = 54
x=8 2 2
x-intercept of L2 = 8   1     2  
Notice that L1 and L2 have the same x-intercept. 3 x −  + 3 y −  −   = 54
  3     3  
∴ x-intercept of L1 = 8 2 2
∴ The equation of L1 is  1   2 
9 x −  + 9  y −  −  = 54
y – 0 = –2(x – 8)  3   3 
y = –2x + 16 2 2
∵ L3 // L2  1   2 
 x −  +  y −  −  = 6
∴ Slope of L3 = slope of L2  3   3 
1  1 
2
 2 
2
=  x −  +  y −  −  = ( 6 ) 2
2 3
    3 
1
∴ The equation of L3 is y = x. 1 2
2 ∴ Centre = ( ,− ) and radius = 6
3 3
(b) From (a), we have:
L1: y = –2x + 16 ……(1)  (−4) 10 
1 3. (a) Centre =  − 2 ,− 2 
and L3: y = x ……(2)
2
= (2,−5)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have:
1 2 2
x = –2x + 16 −4  10 
2 Radius =  2  +  2  − 28
32
x= =1
5
32
By substituting x = into (2), we have:
5  (−6) 9 
= − ,− 
1  32  (b) Centre  2 2
y=  
2 5   9
=  3,− 
16  2
=
5 2 2
 32 16  −6 9
=   +  −0
∴ The coordinates of Q =  5 , 5  Radius  2  2
 
3 13
=
Exercise 12H (p. 79) 2

Level 1
(c) 2x2 + 2y2 + 8y – 3 = 0
1. (a) The equation of the circle is 3
x2 + y2 + 4y – = 0
(x – 0)2 + (y – 2)2 = 42 2
∴ x2 + (y – 2)2 = 16

34
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

 0 4 The equation of the circle is

Centre =  − 2 ,− 2  (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = ( 2 2 ) 2
= (0,−2) x + y2 – 6x – 4y + 5 = 0
2

2 2 (b) By substituting y = 0 into x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 5 = 0, we

0 4  3
=   +   − −  have:
Radius 2 2  2 x2 + 02 – 6x – 4(0) + 5 = 0
22 x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
= (x – 1)(x – 5) = 0
2
x = 1 or x = 5
∴ The coordinates of the points where the circle
cuts the x-axis are (1, 0) and (5, 0).

4. As the circle touches the y-axis, its radius is 5.

10. (a) Radius = (2 − 1) + [3 − ( −2)]
2 2
The equation of the circle is
[x – (–5)]2 + (y – 3)2 = 52 = 26
x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 – 6y + 9 = 25
The equation of the circle is
x2 + y2 + 10x – 6y + 9 = 0
(x – 1)2 + [y – (–2)]2 = ( 26 ) 2
5. As the circle touches the x-axis, its radius is 3. x + y2 – 2x + 4y – 21 = 0
2

The equation of the circle is

[x – (–1)]2 + [y – (–3)]2 = 32 (b) By substituting x = 0 into x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 21 = 0,
x + 2x + 1 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 9
2
we have:
x2 + y2 + 2x + 6y + 1 = 0 02 + y2 – 2(0) + 4y – 21 = 0
y2 + 4y – 21 = 0
(y – 3)(y + 7) = 0
(a) Radius = (3 − 0) + (4 − 0)
2 2
6. y=3 or y = –7
=5 ∴ The coordinates of the points where the circle
The equation of the circle is cuts the y-axis are (0, 3) and (0, –7).
x2 + y2 = 52
x2 + y2 – 25 = 0 11. (a) L: 3x – 2y + 6 = 0
By substituting y = 0 into the equation
(b) Radius = (5 − 1) + [6 − (−2)]
2 2
3 x − 2 y + 6 = 0 , we have:
=4 5 3x – 2(0) + 6 = 0
x = –2
The equation of the circle is By substituting x = 0 into the equation
(x – 1)2 + [y – (–2)]2 = ( 4 5 ) 2 3 x − 2 y + 6 = 0 , we have:
x + y2 – 2x + 4y – 75 = 0
2
3(0) – 2y + 6 = 0
y=3
7. For the circle C: x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y – 7 = 0, ∴ The coordinates of A and B are (–2, 0) and (0, 3)
− 4 8
2 2
respectively.
=   +   − ( −7 )
radius  2   2
(b) Let the equation of the circle be:
=3 3 x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
= π (3 3 ) 2 By substituting (–2, 0) into (1), we have:
Area of the circle (–2)2 + 02 + D(–2) + E(0) + F = 0
= 27π i.e. –2D + F = –4 ……(2)
By substituting (0, 3) into (1), we have:
8. ∵ The circle touches the positive x-axis and the positive 02 + 32 + D(0) + E(3) + F = 0
y-axis. i.e. 3E + F = –9 ……(3)
∴ Its centre is (3, 3). By substituting (0, 0) into (1), we have:
The equation of the circle is 02 + 02 + D(0) + E(0) + F = 0
(x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2 = 32 i.e. F=0
x + y2 – 6x – 6y + 9 = 0
2 By substituting F = 0 into (2), we have:
–2D + 0 = –4
D=2
(a) Radius = (1 − 3) + ( 4 − 2)
2 2
9. By substituting F = 0 into (3), we have:
=2 2 3E + 0 = –9

35
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

E = –3  (−2) 4 
∴ The equation of the circle is centre =  − ,−  = (1, –2)
 2 2
x2 + y2 + 2x – 3y = 0.
By substituting (1, –2) into the equation of
L: 2x + 3y + b = 0, we have:
Level 2 2(1) + 3(–2) + b = 0
12. For the circle C: x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 4 = 0, b=4
 (−6) 4 
centre =  − ,− 
 2 2 17. Let the equation of the circle be x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
= (3, − 2)  D E
Centre =  − ,− 
 2 2
∵ The centre lies on the x-axis.
E
−6 4
2 2
∴ − =0
=   +   − ( −4) 2
radius  2  2 E=0
= 17 ∴ The equation of the circle becomes
x2 + y2 + Dx + F = 0 ……(1)
Distance between the point (8, 5) and the centre
By substituting (4, 2) into (1), we have:
= (8 − 3) 2 + [5 − ( −2)]2 42 + 22 + D(4) + F = 0
i.e. 4D + F = –20 ……(2)
= 74
By substituting (–6, –2) into (1), we have:
> 17 (–6)2 + (–2)2 + D(–6) + F = 0
∴ The point (8, 5) lies outside the circle C. i.e. –6D + F = –40 ……(3)
(2) – (3),
13. By substituting (2, –5) into the equation of 10D = 20
C: (x + a)2 + (y + 3)2 = a + 8, we have: D=2
(2 + a)2 + (–5 + 3)2 = a + 8 By substituting D = 2 into (2), we have:
4 + 4a + a2 + 4 = a + 8 4(2) + F = –20
a2 + 3a = 0 F = –28
a(a + 3) = 0 ∴ The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 + 2x – 28 = 0.
a =0 or a = −3
18. Let the equation of the circle be x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
 D E
14. For the circle C: x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 8 = 0, Centre =  − ,− 
2 2 2 2  2 2
 D  E  −2  4
  +  −F =  +  −8 ∵ The centre lies on the y-axis.
 2 2  2   2 D
= −3 ∴ − =0
2
<0 D=0
∴ C: x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 8 = 0 represents an imaginary ∴ The equation of the circle becomes
circle. x2 + y2 + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
By substituting (–1, 1) into (1), we have:
15. For the circle C: x2 + y2 + 2x + 6y – 2k = 0, (–1)2 + 12 + E(1) + F = 0
2
 D  E
2 2
 2 6
2 i.e. E + F = –2 ……(2)
  +   − F =   +   − (−2k ) By substituting (−2, 0) into (1), we have:
 2 2  2  2 (–2)2 + 02 + E(0) + F = 0
= 10 + 2k i.e. F = –4
If C represents a real circle or a point circle, By substituting F = –4 into (2), we have:
2 2
 D  E E + (−4) = –2
  +  −F ≥0
 2 2 E=2
∴ 10 + 2k ≥ 0 ∴ The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 + 2y – 4 = 0.
2k ≥ –10
19. Let the equation of the circle be x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
k ≥ –5
 D E
∴ The range of values of k is k ≥ –5. Centre =  − ,− 
 2 2
16. For the circle C: x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 4 = 0, ∵ The centre lies on the straight line x + y = 0.

36
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

D  E 1
∴ − + −  = 0 y–1=− (x – 0)
2  2 3
D = –E 1
y=− x+1
∴ The equation of the circle becomes 3
x2 + y2 – Ex + Ey + F = 0 ……(1) x + 3y − 3 = 0
By substituting (1, 2) into (1), we have:
12 + 22 – E(1) + E(2) + F = 0 −5 − 3
i.e. F = –5 – E ……(2) 21. (a) Slope of AB =
6−2
By substituting (5, 0) into (1), we have:
52 + 02 – E(5) + E(0) + F = 0 = –2
i.e. –5E + F = –25 ……(3) −3 − (−5) 1
Slope of BC = =
By substituting (2) into (3), we have: 10 − 6 2
–5E + (–5 – E) = –25 1
10 Slope of AB × slope of BC = –2 ×
E= 2
3 = –1
∴ D = –E ∴ AB ⊥ BC
10 ∴ ∠ABC = 90°
=−
3
10 (b) AC is the diameter of the circumcircle of ABC.
By substituting E = into (2), we have: (converse of ∠ in semi-circle)
3
10  2 + 10 3 + (−3) 
F = –5 – Centre of the circle =  2 , 2


3
25 = ( 6,0 )
=−
3
Radius of the circle = (2 − 6) + (3 − 0)
2 2
∴ The equation of the circle is
10 10 25 =5
x2 + y2 − x + y − =0.
3 3 3
(c) The equation of the circle is
20. (a) By substituting x = 0 into the equation of C: (x – 6)2 + (y – 0)2 = 52
x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 9 = 0, we have: ∴ x2 + y2 – 12x + 11 = 0
02 + y2 + 6(0) – 10y + 9 = 0
y2 – 10y + 9 = 0 22. (a) By substituting y = 0 into the equation of
(y – 1)(y – 9) = 0 C: x2 + y2 + 10x – 8y + 16 = 0, we have:
y=1 or y = 9 x2 + 02 + 10x – 8(0) + 16 = 0
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (0, 9) and (0, 1) x2 + 10x + 16 = 0
respectively. (x + 2)(x + 8) = 0
By substituting y = 0 into the equation of x = –2 or x = –8
C: x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 9 = 0, we have: ∴ The coordinates of A and B are (–8, 0) and (–
x2 + 02 + 6x – 10(0) + 9 = 0 2, 0) respectively.
x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 By substituting x = 0 into the equation of
(x + 3)2 = 0 C: x2 + y2 + 10x – 8y + 16 = 0, we have:
x = –3 02 + y2 + 10(0) – 8y + 16 = 0
∴ The coordinates of P are (–3, 0). y2 – 8y + 16 = 0
(y – 4)2 = 0
0−9 y=4
= ∴ The coordinates of P are (0, 4).
(b) Slope of AP −3−0
=3
4−0
(b) Slope of BP = 0 − (−2)
(c) ∵ L ⊥ AP
=2
∴ Slope of L × slope of AP = –1
∵ AQ // BP
Slope of L × 3 = –1
∴ Slope of AQ = slope of BP
1
Slope of L = − =2
3 The equation of AQ is
The equation of L is y – 0 = 2[x – (–8)]

37
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

y = 2x + 16 ……(1) 2 − (−3)
2x – y + 16 = 0 =
Slope of BC 8 − ( −2)
By substituting x = 0 into (1), we have:
y = 2(0) + 16 1
=
= 16 2
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0, 16). ∵ Slope of MN = slope of BC
∴ MN // BC
(c) Area of trapezium ABPQ
= Area of AOQ – area of BOP 3. (a) K is the mid-point of A and C.
1 1
= [0 − ( −8)](16 − 0) − [0 − (−2)](4 − 0)  1 + 7 4 + 12 
2 2 ∴ The coordinates of K =  , 
 2 2 
= 60
= ( 4,8)
Revision Exercise 12 (p. 88) (b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of D.
Level 1 ∵ K is the mid-point of B and D.
x+5 y+6
5−0 ∴ = 4 and =8
= 2 2
1. (a) (i) Slope of AB 3 − ( −2)
∴ x = 3 and y = 10
=1
∴ The coordinates of D = (3,10)
9−5
=
Slope of BC 7−3 4. L : 2x − 3y + 5 = 0
=1 1 3 y = 2x + 5
2 5
(ii) Let θ1 and θ2 be the inclinations of AB and BC y = x+
3 3
respectively. 2
tanθ1 = 1 Slope of L1 =
3
θ1 = 45°
tanθ2 = 1 ∵ L // L1
θ2 = 45° ∴ Slope of L = slope of L1
∴ The inclinations of AB and BC are 45° and 2
=
45° respectively. 3
The equation of L is
(b) ∵ Slope of AB = slope of BC 2
y= x
∴ AB // BC 3
∵ AB and BC contain the common point B. 2x – 3y = 0
∴ ABC is a straight line.
5. For the straight line L: y = mx + 4, slope = m.
∴ A, B and C are collinear.
(a) For the straight line L1: (2m + 1)x + y = 0,
slope = –(2m + 1)
 3 + ( −2) 4 + ( −3)  ∵ L // L1
M = , 
2. (a) The coordinates of  2 2  ∴ Slope of L = slope of L1
1 1 m = –(2m + 1)
= ,  1
2 2 m= −
3
 3 + 8 4 + 2
N = , 
The coordinates of  2 2  (b) For the straight line L2: x + (3m + 1)y – 4 = 0,
 11  1
=  ,3  slope = −
2  3m + 1
∵ L ⊥ L2
1 ∴ Slope of L × slope of L2 = –1
3−
= 2
 1 
(b) Slope of MN
11
− 1 m×−  = −1
2 2  3m + 1
1 1
= m= −
2 2

38
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

(b) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of Q.

6. ∵ L ⊥ L1 ∵ B, P and Q are on the same straight line.
∴ Slope of L × slope of L1 = –1 ∴ Slope of BP = slope of PQ
 3 0 − (−4) y − 0
Slope of L ×  −= –1
 =
 5 1 − ( −3) 0 − 1
5 y = −1
Slope of L =
3 ∴ The coordinates of Q = (0,−1)
The equation of L is
5
y= x+3 10. 3a = 4b
3 b 3
5x – 3y + 9 = 0 =
a 4
7. By substituting y = 0 into the equation 2x – y + 8 = 0, we b−0 b 3
Slope of L = =− =−
have: 0−a a 4
2x – 0 + 8 = 0 The equation of L is
x = –4 3
∴ The coordinates of A = (–4, 0) y – 3 = − (x – 2)
4
∵ L ⊥ L1 3x + 4y – 18 = 0
∴ Slope of L × slope of L1 = –1
 2  11. Let a be the x-intercept and y-intercept of the straight line
Slope of L ×  − = –1 where a > 0.
 (−1) 
1 a−0
Slope of L = − Slope of the straight line =
2 0−a
The equation of L is = –1
1 The required equation is
y – 0 = − [x – (–4)] y − 4 = −1( x − 3)
2
x + 2y + 4 = 0 x+ y−7 = 0

8. (a) L1: x + y = 7 ……(1) 12.

L2: x – y = 3 ……(2)
By substituting (a, b) into (1), we have:
a + b = 7 ……(3)
By substituting (b, a) into (2), we have:
b – a = 3 ……(4)
(3) + (4),
2b = 10
b=5
By substituting b = 5 into (3), we have:
a+5=7 Let the perpendicular bisector be L.
∵ L ⊥ AB
a= 2
∴ Slope of L × slope of AB = –1
12 − 4
2−5 Slope of L × = –1
(b) Slope of PQ = 7−3
5−2
= –1 Slope of L × 2 = –1
The required equation is 1
Slope of L = −
y – 5 = –1(x – 2) 2
x+y–7=0  3 + 7 4 + 12 
Mid-point of AB =  , 
 2 2 
9. (a) ∵ A, B and P are on the same straight line.
= (5, 8)
Slope of AP = slope of BP
∵ L bisects AB.
∴ p − 0 0 − ( −4) ∴ L passes through the mid-point of AB.
=
4 − 1 1 − (−3) The equation of L is
p=3 1
y – 8 = − (x – 5)
2
x + 2y – 21 = 0

39
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

2(2 y + 6) + y = 0
13. (a) L1: x + y – 2 = 0 ……(1) 5 y + 12 = 0
L2: 2x + y – 4 = 0 ……(2)
(2) – (1), 12
y=−
(2x + y – 4) – (x + y – 2) = 0 5
x–2=0 12
x=2 By substituting y = − into (2), we have:
5
By substituting x = 2 into (1), we have:
 12 
2+y–2=0 x = 2 −  + 6
y=0  5
∴ The coordinates of A = (2, 0) =
6
5
(b) ∵ L ⊥ L2  6 12 
∴ The coordinates of B =  5 , − 5 
∴ Slope of L × slope of L2 = –1  
 2 15. (a) The equation of the circle is
Slope of L ×  −  = –1
 1 x 2 + y 2 = 22
1 ∴ x2 + y2 − 4 = 0
Slope of L =
2
The equation of L is
1 = (3 − 0) 2 + (−2 − 1) 2
y – 0 = (x – 2) (b) Radius
2 =3 2
x – 2y – 2 = 0 The equation of the circle is
14. (a) (x – 0)2 + (y – 1)2 = (3 2 ) 2
∴ x2 + y2 – 2y – 17 = 0

 −2 + 2 3 + (−5) 
(c) Centre =  , 
 2 2 
= (0, –1)
1
Radius = × diameter
2
1
Let θ be the inclination of L. = × [ 2 − (−2)] 2 + ( −5 − 3) 2
2
Slope of L = tan θ
1 =2 5
− = tan θ The equation of the circle is
( −2)
θ = 26.57° (x – 0)2 + [y – (–1)]2 = ( 2 5 ) 2
∠OAB = θ (vert. opp. ∠s) ∴ x2 + y2 + 2y – 19 = 0
= 26.6° (cor. to the nearest 0.1°)
(d) ∵ The circle touches the y-axis.
(b) ∵ L ⊥ OB ∴ Radius = 0 – (–2) = 2
The equation of the circle is
∴ Slope of L × slope of OB = –1
[x – (–2)]2 + (y – 3)2 = 22
1
− × slope of OB = –1 ∴ x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 9 = 0
( −2)
Slope of OB = –2 16. (a) The centre (0, k) is at the same distance from (3, 5)
The required equation is and (5, –1).
y = –2x
2x + y = 0 ……(1) (0 − 3) 2 + (k − 5) 2 = (0 − 5) 2 + [k − ( −1)] 2
9 + k 2 − 10k + 25 = 25 + k 2 + 2k + 1
(c) L: x – 2y – 6 = 0 ∴
12k = 8
x = 2y + 6 ……(2)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have: 2
k=
3

40
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

2
2 
= (0 − 3) 2 +  − 5 
(b) Radius  3 
5
= 10
3
18. Let the equation of the circle be x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
The equation of the circle is
2 2  D E
 2 5  Centre =  − ,− 
( x − 0) 2 +  y −  =  10   2 2
 3 3 
∵ The centre lies on the line x + y = 0.
∴ 2 4 82
x + y − y−
2
=0 D  E
3 3 ∴ − + −  = 0
2  2
17. (a) Let the equation of the circle be: D = –E
x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 ……(1) ∴ The equation of the circle becomes
By substituting (1, 0) into (1), we have: x2 + y2 – Ex + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
12 + 02 + D(1) + E(0) + F = 0 By substituting (–3, 0) into (1), we have:
i.e. D + F = –1 ……(2) (–3)2 + 02 – E(–3) + E(0) + F = 0
By substituting (3, 2) into (1), we have: i.e. F = –9 – 3E ……(2)
32 + 22 + D(3) + E(2) + F = 0 By substituting (0, 5) into (1), we have:
i.e. 3D + 2E + F = –13 ……(3) 02 + 52 – E(0) + E(5) + F = 0
By substituting (5, −2) into (1), we have: i.e. 5E + F = –25 ……(3)
52 + (–2)2 + D(5) + E(–2) + F = 0 By substituting (2) into (3), we have:
i.e. 5D – 2E + F = –29 ……(4) 5E + (–9 – 3E) = –25
(3) + (4), E = –8
8D + 2F = –42 ∴ D = –E = 8
4D + F = –21 ……(5) By substituting E = –8 into (2), we have:
(5) – (2), F = –9 –3(–8)
3D = –20 = 15
20 ∴ The equation of the circle is
D=− x2 + y2 + 8x – 8y + 15 = 0.
3
20 19. (a) For the equation C1: x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 10 = 0,
By substituting D = − into (2), we have:
3  4 6
= − ,−
−
20
+ F = –1 centre  2 2 
3
= (−2,−3)
17
F=
3
(b) ∵ C1 and C2 are concentric.
20 17
By substituting D = − and F = into (3), we ∴ Centre of C2 = centre of C1
3 3
= (–2, –3)
have:
Radius of C = [5 − (−2)] + [ −3 − (−3)]
2 2
 20  17
3 −  + 2 E + = −13 2
 3  3 =7
2 ∴ The equation of the circle is
E= [x – (–2)]2 + [y – (–3)]2 = 72
3
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 36 = 0
∴ The equation of the circle is
20 2 17 20. Let (x, 0) and (0, y) be the coordinates of A and B
x2 + y2 − x+ y+ = 0.
3 3 3 respectively.
∵ AB = 10
 − 20 ( ) ()
2

=  − 3 ,− 3 
 ∴ ( x − 0) 2 + (0 − y ) 2 = 10
 2 2  x2 + y2 = 100
(b) Centre 
Put x = 6, then y = 8.
 10 1 
=  ,−  0−8
 3 3 =
Slope of L 6 − 0
2 2 4
 − 20   2  17 =−
Radius =  3  +  3  − 3
 2  2 3
5 2 41
=
3
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

∴ A possible equation of L is ∴ A possible equation of L is

4 1 1
y=− x+8 x − y + [4 − 3 ] = 0
3 3 3
4x + 3y – 24 = 0 x − 3y + 9 = 0
Put x = −8 , then y = 6 . 1
6−0 Let m = − .
Slope of L = 3
0 − ( −8) ∴ A possible equation of L is
3 1  1
= − x − y + [4 − 3 − ] = 0
4 3  3
∴ A possible equation of L is x + 3 y − 15 = 0
3 ∴ The two possible equations of straight line L are y = 4
y = x+6
4
, x − 2 y + 5 = 0 , x − 3 y + 9 = 0 or x + 3 y − 15 = 0 (or
3 x − 4 y + 24 = 0 any other reasonable answers).
∴ The possible equation of straight line L is Level 2
4 x + 3 y − 24 = 0 or 3 x − 4 y + 24 = 0 (or any other
22. (a) Slope of AB = 2
reasonable answers).
y−0
=2
21. AB: 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 ……(1) 6−5
AC: x + 2y – 11 = 0 ……(2) y=2
(2) × 2 – (1),
2(x + 2y – 11) – (2x – 3y + 6) = 0 (b) ∵ L ⊥ AB
y=4
∴ Slope of L × slope of AB = –1
By substituting y = 4 into (2), we have:
x + 2(4) – 11 = 0 Slope of L × 2 = –1
x=3 1
Slope of L = −
∴ The coordinates of A are (3, 4). 2
Let m be the slope of L. The equation of L is
The equation of L is 1
y – 2 = − (x – 6)
y – 4 = m(x – 3) 2
mx – y + (4 – 3m) = 0 x + 2y – 10 = 0 ……(1)
6
x-intercept of AB = − = –3
2 (c) ∵ L1 ⊥ L and L ⊥ AB
(−11) ∴ L1 // AB
x-intercept of AC = − = 11
1 ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of AB
∵ L lies in the shaded region. =2
∴ x-intercept of L is less than –3 or greater than 11. The equation of L1 is
4 − 3m 4 − 3m y = 2x ……(2)
∴ − < −3 or − > 11 By substituting (2) into (1), we have:
m m x + 2(2x) – 10 = 0
2 1 x=2
m< or m<−
3 2 By substituting x = 2 into (2), we have:
Let m = 0. y = 2(2)
∴ A possible equation of L is =4
0 x − y + [4 − 3(0)] = 0 ∴ The coordinates of intersection are (2, 4).
y=4
23. x + y = 2 ……(1)
1 x – y = –6……(2)
Let m = .
2 (1) + (2),
∴ A possible equation of L is 2x = –4
1 1 x = –2
x − y + [ 4 − 3 ] = 0 (1) – (2),
2 2 2y = 8
x − 2y + 5 = 0 y=4
1 ∴ The coordinates of intersection are (–2, 4).
Let m = .
3

42
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

4−0  −2 + 5 1 + 2 
= = , 
Slope of the required line −2−5
The coordinates of K  2 2 
4  3 3
=− = , 
7
 2 2
The required equation is
4
y – 0 = − (x – 5) 25. (a) L: 2x + y – 4 = 0
7
4x + 7y – 20 = 0 (−4)
x-intercept = − =2
2
5 −1 4 (−4)
24. (a) (i) Slope of AB = = y-intercept = − =4
1 − (−2) 3 1
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (2, 0) and (0, 4)
The required equation is
respectively.
4
y – 1 = [x – (–2)]
3 4−0
4x – 3y + 11 = 0 (b) Slope of L =
0−2
2−5 = –2
=
(ii) Slope of BC 5 − 1 ∵ L ⊥ L1
3 ∴ Slope of L × slope of L1 = –1
=−
4 –2 × slope of L1 = –1
The required equation is 1
3 Slope of L1 =
y – 5 = − (x – 1) 2
4 The equation of L1 is
3x + 4y – 23 = 0 1
y – 0 = (x – 2)
2
(iii) Slope of AD = slope of BC
x – 2y – 2 = 0 ……(1)
3
=−
4 (c) ∵ L2 // x-axis.
The required equation is ∴ The equation of L2 is:
3 y=4 ……(2)
y – 1 = − [x – (–2)]
4 By substituting (2) into (1), we have
3x + 4y + 2 = 0 ……(1) x – 2(4) – 2 = 0
x = 10
(iv) Slope of CD = slope of AB ∴ The coordinates of C = (10, 4)
4
=
3
1
The required equation is 26. (a) Slope of L2 = −
2
4
y – 2 = (x – 5) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
3
∴ Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = –1
4x – 3y – 14 = 0 ……(2)
 1
Slope of L1 ×  −= –1

(b) (1) × 3 + (2) × 4,  2
3(3x + 4y + 2) + 4(4x – 3y – 14) = 0 Slope of L1 = 2
9x + 12y + 6 + 16x – 12y – 56 = 0 The equation of L1 is
25x – 50 = 0 y – 5 = 2(x – 5)
x=2 2x – y – 5 = 0 ……(1)
By substituting x = 2 into (1), we have:
3(2) + 4y + 2 = 0 (b) x + 2y – 5 = 0
y = –2 x = 5 – 2y ……(2)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have:
∴ The coordinates of D = (2, − 2)
2(5 – 2y) – y – 5 = 0
y=1
(c) ∵ BD bisects AC. (property of square) By substituting y = 1 into (2), we have:
∴ K is the mid-point of AC. x = 5 – 2(1)
=3
∴ The coordinates of intersection are (3, 1).

43
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

y = ( 6 − 0) 2 + ( 2 − y ) 2
(c) The perpendicular distance from A to L2
= the distance between A and the point (3, 1) ∴ y 2 = 36 + 4 − 4 y + y 2
= (5 − 3) 2 + (5 − 1) 2 4 y = 40
y = 10
=2 5
∴ The coordinates of A = (0,10)

27. (a) ∵ A(6, 8) lies on the line y = mx – 4.

10 − 2
∴ 8 = m(6) – 4 =
(b) Slope of AP 0−6
m= 2
4
=−
(b) The straight line passing through A and B is 3
y = 2x – 4 ∵ AP ⊥ PB
2x – y – 4 = 0 ∴ Slope of AP × slope of PB = –1
(−4) 4
x-intercept = − =2 − × slope of PB = –1
2 3
x-intercept of line joining AB 3
= x-intercept of line joining BC Slope of PB =
4
=2
∴ 0 = k(2) + 6 The equation of the straight line passing through P
k = −3 and B is
3
y – 2 = (x – 6)
(c) ∵ AD // BC 4
∴ Slope of AD = slope of BC 3x – 4y – 10 = 0 ……(1)
= –3
The equation of straight line passing through A and D (c) In OAB and PAB,
is AB = AB common side
y – 8 = –3(x – 6) AO = AP given
3x + y – 26 = 0 ∠AOB = ∠APB = 90° given
∴ OAB ≅ PAB RHS
(d) From (b), x-intercept of y = kx + 6 is 2.
∴ The coordinates of B = (2, 0) (d) From the equation of straight line passing through P
From the equation of straight line passing through A and B: 3x – 4y – 10 = 0,
and D: 3x + y – 26 = 0, (−10) 10
x-intercept = − =
(−26) 3 3
=− 10
x-intercept 3 ∴ The coordinates of B = ( , 0).
26 3
= Area of quadrilateral OAPB
3
= 2 × area of OAB
 26 
∴ The coordinates of D =  3 , 0  1
  = 2 × × OB × OA
2
 1  10  
(e) Area of ABD = area of BCD = 2 ×  ×  − 0  × (10 − 0)
 2  3  
∴ Area of parallelogram ABCD
= 2 × area of ABD 100
=
 1  26 3
 
= 2×  × − 2  × 8
 2  3  
29. (a) By substituting (4, 3) into x2 + y2 + 2x + ky – 15 = 0,
160 we have:
=
3 42 + 32 + 2(4) + k(3) – 15 = 0
3k = –18
28. (a) Let (0, y) be the coordinates of A. k = −6
∵ AO = AP

44
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

 2 ( −6) 
(b) Centre =  − 2 ,− 2  (b) Let (x, y) be the coordinates of C.
∵ C lies on L.
= (−1, 3)
∴ y=x+4
2 2
2 −6 ∴ The coordinates of C = (x, x + 4).
Radius =  2  +  2  − (−15) ∵ CO = CB
   
=5 ∴ ( x − 0) 2 + [( x + 4) − 0] 2
The distance between B and the centre of circle C
= ( x − 8) 2 + [( x + 4) − 0] 2
= [−1 − (−6)]2 + (3 − 3) 2
x 2 + x 2 + 8 x + 16 = x 2 − 16 x + 64 + x 2 + 8 x + 16
=5
16 x = 64
= radius of circle C
∴ The point B lies on the circle. x=4
By substituting x = 4 into y = x + 4 , we have:
 4 + ( −6) 3 + 3  y = 4+4
(c) Mid-point of A and B =  , 
 2 2  =8
= (–1, 3) ∴ The coordinates of C = (4, 8)
= centre of circle C
Also, A and B lie on the circle.
(c) Let the equation of the circle be:
∴ AB is a diameter of the circle C. x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
By substituting (8, 0) into (1), we have:
 4 ( −6)  82 + 02 + D(8) + E(0) + F = 0
30. (a) Centre =  − 2 ,− 2  i.e. 8D + F = –64 ……(2)
= (−2, 3) By substituting (4, 8) into (1), we have:
42 + 82 + D(4) + E(8) + F = 0
2 2
4 −6 i.e. 4D + 8E + F = –80 ……(3)
Radius =  2  +  2  − ( −3) By substituting (0, 0) into (1), we have:
   
02 + 02 + D(0) + E(0) + F = 0
=4 i.e. F=0
The distance between M and the centre of circle C By substituting F = 0 into (2), we have:
= [1 − (−2)]2 + ( 4 − 3) 2 8D + 0 = –64
D = –8
= 10 By substituting D = –8 and F = 0 into (3), we have:
<4 4(–8) + 8E + 0 = –80
= radius of circle C E = –6
∴ M is a point inside the circle. ∴ The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y = 0.

(b) Let P be the centre of the circle C. 2 2

 −8  −6
=
4−3 (d) Radius =  2  +  2  − 0
   
Slope of PM 1 − (−2)
=5
1
= Area of the circle = π(52)
3 = 78.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∵ PM ⊥ AB (line joining centre to mid-pt.
of chord ⊥ chord)
32. (a) From the equation of L: 3x + 4y – 24 = 0,
∴ Slope of PM × slope of AB = –1
(−24)
1 x-intercept = − 3
× slope of AB = –1
3
=8
Slope of AB = –3
(−24)
The equation of the chord AMB is y-intercept = − 4
y – 4 = –3(x – 1)
3x + y – 7 = 0 =6
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (8, 0) and (0, 6)
31. (a) The equation of L is respectively.
y – 0 = 1[x – (–4)]
x–y+4=0 (b) Let the equation of the circle be:

45
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 ……(1)
By substituting (8, 0) into (1), we have: (b) By substituting x = 12 into (1), we have:
82 + 02 + D(8) + E(0) + F = 0 122 + y2 – 56y + 384 = 0
i.e. 8D + F = –64 ……(2) y2 – 56y + 528 = 0
By substituting (0, 6) into (1), we have: (y – 44)(y – 12) = 0
02 + 62 + D(0) + E(6) + F = 0 y = 44 or y = 12 (rejected)
i.e. 6E + F = –36 ……(3) ∴ The position of the person is (12, 44).
By substituting (0, 0) into (1), we have:
02 + 02 + D(0) + E(0) + F = 0 35. (a) The x-axis is tangent to the circle.
i.e. F=0 ∴ PC ⊥ x-axis
By substituting F = 0 into (2), we have: PC // y-axis
8D + 0 = –64 ∴ PC = 5
D = –8 PB = PC (radii)
By substituting F = 0 into (3), we have:
6E + 0 = –36 ( a − 0) 2 + (5 − 2) 2 = 5
E = –6 a2 + 9 = 25
∴ The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y = 0. a2 – 16 = 0
(a – 4)(a + 4) = 0
OA a=4 or a = –4 (rejected)
=
(c) tan ∠OBA OB
8 (b) The equation of the circle is
=
6 (x – 4)2 + (y – 5)2 = 52
∴ ∠OBA = 53.13° x2 + y2 – 8x – 10y + 16 = 0
∠OPA + ∠OBA = 180° (opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.) (c) By substituting x = 0 into
x2 + y2 – 8x – 10y + 16 = 0, we have:
∠OPA + 53.13° = 180°
02 + y2 – 8(0) – 10y + 16 = 0
∠OPA = 127° (cor. to the nearest degree) y2 – 10y + 16 = 0
(y – 2)(y – 8) = 0
33. Let the equation of the circles be (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2. y=2 or y = 8
Since the circles touch the x-axis and y-axis, h = k = r. ∴ The coordinates of A = (0, 8)
The equation of the circles become
(x – r)2 + (y – r)2 = r2
x2 + y2 – 2rx – 2ry + r2 = 0 ……(1) (d)
By substituting (4, 2) into (1), we have:
42 + 22 – 2r(4) – 2r(2) + r2 = 0
r2 – 12r + 20 = 0
(r – 2)(r – 10) = 0
r = 2 or r = 10
∴ The equation of the circle C1 is
x2 + y2 – 2(2)x – 2(2)y + 22 = 0
x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0.
Draw AP and BP.
The equation of the circle C2 is
With the notations in the figure,
x2 + y2 – 2(10)x – 2(10)y + 102 = 0  AB 
 
x2 + y2 – 20x – 20y + 100 = 0. =  2 

AP
34. sinθ 6
 
= 2

5
3
=
5
∴ θ = 36.87°
∠APB = 2θ
= 2 × 36.87°
= 73.74°
73.74°
(a) The equation of the circle is Area of sector PAKB = π × 52 ×
360°
(x – 0)2 + (y – 28)2 = 202 = 16.09
x2 + y2 – 56y + 384 = 0 ……(1)

46
 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

1 ∴ The coordinates of C are (6, 5).

Area of PAB = × AP × BP × sin 73.74°
2 1
∴ Area of ABC = × AB × AC
1 2
= × 5 × 5 × sin 73.74°
2 1
= × (5 – 2) × (6 – 0)
= 12.00 2
∴ Area of segment AKB =9
= area of sector PAKB – area of PAB
= 16.09 – 12.00 3. Answer: C
= 4.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) Let L be the line joining (–3, 2) and (4, –1).
−1 − 2
=
 ( −4) ( −2)  Slope of L 4 − (−3)
36. (a) Centre of C =  − 2 ,− 2  3
=−
1
= (2,1) 7
7
2 2 The required line should have slope .
−4 −2 3
Radius of C =  2  +  2  − 1
1
4. Answer: C
=2
Put x = 2 into 3x + 5y = 26, we have:
 ( −12) 4  3( 2) + 5 y = 26
Centre of C =  − 2 ,− 2  y=4
2
= (6,−2) ∴ The coordinates of A are (2, 4).
2 2
 − 12   4  Put y = 1 into 3x + 5y = 26, we have:
Radius of C =  2  +  2  − 31 3x + 5(1) = 26
2
x=7
=3
∴ The coordinates of C are (7, 1).
= (7 − 2) 2 + (1 − 4) 2
(b) Distance between the two centres ∴ AC
= 34
= ( 2 − 6) 2 + [1 − (−2)]2
=5 5. Answer: D
=2+3
= radius of C1 + radius of C2 4
Slope of L1 = − =2
∴ The two circles touch each other. ( −2)
1
Slope of L2 =
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 94) 2
1. Answer: D 4
Slope of L3 = − = –2 ≠ 2
∵ The two lines are parallel. 2
∴ They have the same slope. ∴ L1 is not parallel to L3.
2 1 ∴ B is false.
− =− 1
(−k ) 3 Slope of L1 × slope of L2 = 2 × = 1 ≠ –1
2
k = –6
∴ L1 is not perpendicular to L2.
2. Answer: B ∴ A is false.
Since the line y = 5 passes through A, the coordinates of A Slope of L1 × slope of L3 = 2 × –2 = –4 ≠ –1
are (0, 5). ∴ L1 is not perpendicular to L3.
Put x = 0 into x – 2y + 4 = 0, we have: ∴ C is false.
0 − 2y + 4 = 0 ( −5) 5
y=2 x-intercept of L1 = − =
4 4
∴ The coordinates of B are (0, 2). ( −5) 5
Put y = 5 into x – 2y + 4 = 0, we have: x-intercept of L3 = − =
4 4
x − 2(5) + 4 = 0 x-intercept of L1 = x-intercept of L3
x=6 5
∴ L1 and L3 intersect at the point ( , 0) which is on the
4

47
Certificate Mathematics in Action Full Solutions 5A

x-axis.  k (−8)   k 
Centre of C =  − 2 ,− 2  =  − 2 ,4 
   
6. Answer: D
Since L divides C into two equal parts, L passes through
c the centre of C.
x-intercept of L = − <0
a  k 
c By substituting  − 2 , 4  into the equation of L, we have:
 
y-intercept of L = − < 0
b  k
a 2  −  +3(4) – 5 = 0
Slope of L = − < 0  2
b k=7

7. Answer: B 11. Answer: D

x + 2y + 8 = 0 ……(1) B and C do not represent equations of circle since the
3x + ay – 11 = 0 ……(2) coefficients of x2 and y2 are not equal.
By substituting (b, –5) into (1), we have: 2 2
4 −6
b + 2(–5) + 8 = 0 For A, radius =   +   − 20 = − 7
b=2 2  2 
∴ The point of intersection are (2, –5). ∴ A represents an imaginary circle.
By substituting (2, –5) into (2), we have: 2
 − 2    2   1
2 1
3(2) + a(–5) – 11 = 0 =   + −
a = –1 For D, radius  2   2  2
3
= >0
4
8. Answer: A ∴ D represents a real circle.
12. Answer: C
Since the circle touches the x-axis, radius = 2.
The required equation is
(x – 3)2 + [y – (–2)]2 = 22
x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y + 9 = 0

13. Answer: C
Centre of C1 = centre of C2
 (−10) ( −4) 
= − ,− 
 2 2 
∵ Diagonals bisect each other.
= (5, 2)
∴ The mid-point P of A and C lies on BD.
∵ C1 passes through the origin.
 −4 + 6 10 + (−4) 
P = ,  = (1, 3) ∴ Radius = (5 − 0) 2 + ( 2 − 0) 2 = 29
 2 2 
3− 2 1 The equation of C1 is
Slope of BD = slope of BP = =
1 − ( −8) 9 (x – 5)2 + (y – 2)2 = ( 29 ) 2
Only equation of option A has the same slope. x2 + y2 – 10x – 4y = 0

9. Answer: C 14. Answer: C

From the figure, x-intercept of L < 0.  (−6) 10 
c Centre of C =  − ,− 
∴ − <0  2 2
1 = (3, –5)
c>0
∴ I is false.
y-intercept of L > 0
2 2
Radius =  − 6  +  10  − 9
c
∴ − >0
b  2   2
b<0 =5
∴ II is true.
10. Answer: A
The distance between (–1, –1) and the centre

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 12 Coordinate Treatment of Simple Locus Problems

= (−1 − 3 ) 2 + [ −1 − ( −5)]2
=4 2
>5
= radius of circle C
∴ (–1, –1) lies outside the circle.
∴ III is true.

15. Answer: D
By substituting (4, –1) into the equation of C, we have:
L.H.S. = 42 + (–1)2 – 6(4) + 4(–1) + 5 = –6 ≠ 0
∴ I is false.
 (−6) 4 
Centre of C =  − ,− 
 2 2
= (3, –2)
∴ II is true.
By substituting y = 0 into the equation of C, we have:
x2 + 02 – 6x + 4(0) + 5 = 0
x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
(x – 1)(x – 5) = 0
x = 1 or x = 5
∴ III is true.

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