D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

17 Electromagnetism

Practice 17.1 (p. 118) 8

1 C
2 C
3 B
4
attractive force 9

S normal reaction
by the balance 10 (a)

weight

5 (a) This statement is correct.

(b) This statement is incorrect.
(c) This statement is correct. (b)
6

(c)

7 (a) It could be a bar magnet or an iron bar.

(b) Flip one of the magnets so that two like
poles are facing the object. If the object
(d)
keeps aligned with the magnets, it is an
iron bar; otherwise, it is a bar magnet.
(Or other reasonable answers.)

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

11 (a) X is the south pole and Y is the north pole. 6 (a)

(b) The compass needle points to the left.

(b)
Practice 17.2 (p. 132)
1 A
2

(c)

7 (a) (b)
S
N S

(c) (d)

S N N
5

(e) (f)

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

(b) (i) The direction of magnetic force

S N reverses (downwards).
(ii) The direction of magnetic force
reverses (downwards).

8 (a) The magnetic field increases.

(b) The magnetic field increases.
(c) The magnetic field increases.
(d) The magnetic field remains unchanged.
9 There is no magnetic field at points P and S.
The direction of the magnetic field at point Q
is into the paper, and that at point R is out of
the paper.
10 (a) Component A should be made of soft-iron.
(b) X is the south pole and Y is the north pole.
(c) If component A is made of flexible
material, it may deform because of the
attraction between its two ends X and Y,
which are unlike poles. Hence, it is unwise
to make it from a flexible material.
11 The current flows from B to A.

Practice 17.3 (p. 143)

1 D
2 C
3 D
4 A
5 C
6 A
7 B
8 (a)

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

(iii) The direction of magnetic force (b) (i)

remains unchanged.
In these cases, the magnitude of the
magnetic force is unchanged.
9 (a)

(ii)

(b)

(c) Any three of the following:

Increase the current flowing in the coil.
Increase the number of turns in the coil.
Increase the area of the coil (within the
(c) magnetic field).
Wind the coil on a soft-iron core.
Use a stronger magnet.
12 Yes, the magnetic force does work on the rider.
It is because the rider moves along the force
direction.
13 (a) Since the commutator in this motor is a
(d) full-ring, the coil is short-circuited and
hence the motor does not work.
(b) Change the full-ring commutator to a split-
ring commutator and the motor can work
properly.
14 Any three of the following:
10 There is no resultant force acting on T.
Increase the current.
11 (a)
Increase the number of turns in the coil.
Increase the area of the coil (within the
magnetic field).
Increase the strength of the magnetic field.
15 The advantage of using an electromagnet in a
motor is that it can run on alternating current.

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

16 The differences in structure between a simple Section B

motor and a practical motor are as follows. 6 D
The coil in a practical motor has a large 7 D
number of turns wound on a soft-iron 8 D
armature. 9 (HKCEE 2004 Paper II Q34)
The armature of a practical motor has several 10 (HKCEE 2005 Paper II Q22)
coils set at different angles.
The pole pieces of the magnet are made Conventional (p. 150)
curved. Section A
2
17 (a) On increasing the current, by P = I R, the 1 The balance reading decreases. (1A)
power loss by the resistance of the coil
increases and the heat generated may
damage the wiring of the motor.
(b) If the number of turns in the coil increases,
the weight of the coil increases and this
may reduce the turning effect.
(Or since the resistance of the coil
increases with the number of turns, the
current flowing through the coil decreases
and this may reduce the turning effect on
the coil.) Consider the coils P and Q in the above figure.
(c) On increasing the area of the coil inside The current flows in the same direction along
the magnetic field, more wire could be these coils.
used and this could increase the weight of On side T, the magnetic field acting on Y due
the coil and reduce the turning effect on to the current flowing along Q is towards the
the coil. right. (1A)
By the Fleming's left-hand rule, there is a
Revision exercise 17 force pulling P towards Q. (1A)
Multiple-choice (p. 148) Similarly, there is a force pulling Q towards P.
Section A The case is the same on side S. (1A)
1 B If a large current flows along the spring, the
2 B attractive force would be large enough to pull
3 D the coils upwards. (1A)
4 A Hence, the spring is less stretched and the
5 D reading decreases.

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

2 (a) (i) Since the electromagnet is connected (b) Any one of the following: (1A)
to a battery, a current always flows Increase the number of turns of the coil of
through the coil of the electromagnet. the electromagnet.
(1A) Use more cells.
Hence, the electromagnet always It is because the above method can
attracts the iron at the door and the increase the magnetic field of the
door is always locked. (1A) electromagnet. A stronger attractive force
(ii) Add a resistor in series with the results. (1A)
battery. 3 (a) The rod moves towards A. (1A)
(b) The rod moves towards B. (1A)
(c) The rod moves towards A. (1A)
(d) The rod moves towards A, but the motion
is slower. (1A)
(e) The rod moves towards A, but the motion
is faster. (1A)
4 (a) Commutator is to reverse the current
through the coil. (1A)
(b) The direction of the coil’s rotation is
And the resistance of R2 << R1 << R3 anticlockwise. (1A)
< the coil of electromagnet. (1A) (c) Reverse the polarities of the battery (1A)
When the switch is not pressed, the so that the direction of current through the
contact is open and current flows coil is reversed. (1A)
through R1, R3 and the electromagnet. Reverse the poles of the magnet (1A)
The attraction between the so that the direction of the magnetic field
electromagnet and the iron at the is reversed. (1A)
door keeps the door closed. (1A) The two ways above must be carried out
When the switch is pressed, the separately, or the effect will be cancelled
contact is closed and the equivalent out by each other.
resistance of R2, R3 and 5 (a) (i) Core: iron core (1A)
electromagnet is much smaller than Wire: thick wire of 0.4 m long (1A)
that of R1. Hence, little current flows Cell: 9 V (1A)
through the electromagnet. The
attraction is much reduced and the
door can be opened. (1A)

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

(ii) 6 (a) When a current flows through the coil, the

coil attracts the soft-iron block and the coil
moves to the right. (1A)
The larger the current through the coil, the
more the coil moves. (1A)
The pointer attached on the coil can show
(Solenoid wound on a core and the size of the current after calibration.
connected to a cell.) (1A) (1A)
(Correct labels.) (1A) (b) (i) The ammeter does not work
(iii) The magnetic field of a solenoid anymore.
increases with the current in the (1A)
solenoid. To obtain the largest It is because the copper block is not
current, by V = IR, the voltage of the attracted by a current-carrying coil.
cell should be the largest and the (1A)
resistance of the wire should be the (ii) The ammeter does not work well /
smallest. (1A) The ammeter does not work
Hence, a 9-V cell should be used. anymore. (1A)
Since the resistance of the wire The steel block does not demagnetize
decreases with increasing diameter, easily. This makes the ammeter
(1A) inaccurate. (1A)
a thick wire (0.4-m thick wire) (c) Increase the number of turns of the coil.
should be used. (1A)
A soft-iron core is used because soft- Insert a soft-iron core inside the coil.(1A)
iron can enhance the magnetic field (d) Replace the soft-iron block with a magnet.
of a solenoid and its magnetism can (1A)
be switched on and off easily. (1A) One of the poles of the magnet should
(For effective communication.) (1C) point to the left and the other to the right.
(b) (i) The device is a switch. (1A) (1A)
(ii) Yes, we can turn on and off the When the current through the coil flows in
electromagnet without a switch.(1A) one direction, the coil is attracted to the
When both ends of the wire touch the left; when the current reverses, the coil is
terminals of the cell, the repelled right. (1A)
electromagnet is on. When one end of
the wire does not touch the cell
terminal, the electromagnet is off.
(1A)

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D Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 17 Electromagnetism

7 (a) (Soft) iron (1A) (b)

(b) Soft-iron can be easily magnetized (1A)
and it loses magnetism easily. (1A)
8 (a) (i)

(1A)
(ii) Earth wire is not needed in the flex of
the food mixer. (1A) As shown in the above figure, the split-
(b) ring S touches carbon brush R and split-
brush rotating coil ring U touches carbon brush T. Split-rings
S and U are moving in clockwise
direction. (1A)
field coil/
commutator magnet When the coil is vertical, the carbon
brushes do not touch the split-rings and the
(4 × 1A) coil continues to move due to its inertia.
(1A)
Section B Then the split-ring U touches carbon brush
9 (a) When the coil is vertical, the ends of the R and split-ring S touches carbon brush T,
coil do not touch the wires connecting the as shown in the following figure. The
battery. (1A) current flowing in the coil changes
Hence, no current flows along the coil and direction. By Fleming's left-hand rule, the
the coil does not rotate. (1A) coil continues to rotate in clockwise
To set the coil to rotate, a push should be direction. (1A)
given to the coil. (1A)
(Or the coil should be set in horizontal
position initially. 1A)

Hence the motor can rotate continuously

with split-rings and brushes.
(For effective communication) (1C)

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D Electricity and Magnetism
(c) Any one of the following: (1A)
A practical motor has coils consisting of a
large number of turns.
The coils of a practical motor are wound
on a soft-iron core.
Practical motor has coil sets at different
directions.
The poles of the magnet of a practical
motor are curved.
(d) Replace the permanent magnet with an
electromagnet. (1A)
In addition, the current flowing in the
electromagnet and the coil should come
from the same source. (1A)
It is because when the current changes
direction, the poles of the electromagnet
and the direction of the current in the coil
reverse at the same time. The coil can then
rotate smoothly. (1A)
10 (a) The coil initially rotates in a clockwise
direction. (1A)
It then stops in the vertical position. (1A)
(b) Force acts on a current-carrying wire in a
magnetic field. (1A)
The coil turns and shoots through the
vertical position by inertia. (1A)
The turning force reverses direction when
turning through the vertical position.(1A)
The coil finally stops in a position where
the turning force is zero. (1A)
(For effective communication.) (1C)
New Physics at Work (Second Edition)
Chapter 17 Electromagnetism
(c) (i) The coil rotates in a clockwise
direction. (1A)
(ii) The coil rotates in an anticlockwise
direction. (1A)
(iii) The coil rotates in a clockwise
direction. (1A)
(d) Commutator can be added to make the
rotation continuous. (1A)
11 (a) At normal situation, the current through
the electromagnet is small. The magnetic
force produced is not large enough to
attract the iron strip. (1A)
When the current exceeds the safety limit
(a fault develops), the magnetic force
produced by the electromagnet is large
enough to attract the iron strip. (1A)
As a result, the circuit becomes open and
no current passes through the circuit.(1A)
(For effective communication.) (1C)
(b) Statement 1 is correct. (1A)
Copper is not a magnetic material, so it
cannot be attracted by a magnet. (1A)
Statement 2 is incorrect. (1A)
Reversing the polarity in the
electromagnet (due to the a.c.) does not
affect the attraction to the iron strip. (1A)
12 (a) When the bell push is closed, a current
flows through the circuit. (1A)
The electromagnet becomes magnetized
and pulls the hammer across to hit the
gong. (1A)
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D Electricity and Magnetism
The circuit is thus open and no current
flows through the electromagnet. Its
magnetic force disappears and the hammer
springs back to the original position. (1A)
The process is repeated while the switch is
pressed. (1A)
(For effective communication.) (1C)
(b) The statement is incorrect. (1A)
The frequency of the sound produced
depends on the properties of the gong and
the hammer, not the frequency of the
power supply. (1A)
13 (a) (i) The magnetic field produced by the
current in wire (1A)
and the magnetic field due to the
permanent magnet, (1A)
interfere to produce a force, as stated
in Fleming’s left-hand rule. (1A)
(ii) The electrical energy in the coil(1A)
changes to kinetic energy of the
diaphragm (then to sound energy).
(1A)
(b) By the vibrations of diaphragm, it
compresses and expands surrounding air.
(1A)
This produces a longitudinal wave. (1A)
(c) (i) Given the same force, (1A)
larger mass leads to less acceleration,
by F = ma. (1A)
(ii) The sound produced is distorted and
the amplitude is smaller (lower
pitch). (1A)
14 (HKCEE 2005 Paper I Q10b)
New Physics at Work (Second Edition)
Chapter 17 Electromagnetism
Physics in articles (p. 154)
(a) ‘Powerful electromagnets’ are devices that can
generate a large magnetic field from a current.
(1A)
(b) For a normal coil, voltage has to be applied
across the coil to produce a magnetic field and
this consumes energy (P = I2R). (1A)
Since a current can continue to flow inside a
superconductor without applying voltage,
energy can be saved if superconducting wire is
used in an electromagnet. (1A)
(c) Any one of the following: (1A)
Superconductivity of metals appears only at an
extremely low temperature and practical
electromagnets are usually used in places
where such a low temperature is hard to
maintain.
Wires connecting the electromagnet give out
heat when current flows through them. This
affects the temperature of the electromagnet.
Thus it is difficult to use superconducting
wires in practical electromagnets.
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