-1-

vk/kkj ikb~;Øe lewg

iz'u i= & fgunh hkk"kk 75 vad

f}rh; iz'ui= & vaxzsth hkk"kk 75 vad

izfke iz'u i= & fgunh hkk"kk

¼ch-,-] ch-,l-lh-] ch-,l-lh-] x`g fokku] ch-dke] ch-,-
esustesav ch-lh-,- izfke o"kz dk iqujhf{kr ikb~;Øe½
[k.m &1 fu/kkzfjr iqlrd dh ikb~; lkexzh
bdkbz 1 ls 5 rda izr;sd bdkbz gsrq 5 vad
25 vad dqy
[k.m&2 fgunh hkk"kk leizs"k.k dks'ky 30 vad

bdkbz&1 d- ekud fgunh hkk"kk

1-ekud fgunh ds y{k.k vksj mnkgj.k
2-vekud fgunh dk lo:i
3-ekud fgunh ds izdkj
[k- 4- v'kqf);ksa ds mnkgj.k
4-v'kqf);ksa ds izdkj
¼mppkj.k xr] orzuh xr] 'kcn vksj vfkz xr]
o;kdj.kxr½ 10 vad

bdkbz&1 d- fgunh dk 'kcn hk.mkj

1-'kcnksa ds izdkj
2-'kcnksa dh jpuk
3-u;s iz;ksx
[k- fgunh dh okd; jpuk
4-okd;ksa ds izdkj
5-okd; fou;kl
6-okd; xr lkeku; v'kqf);ka
7-fojke fpug

bdkbz&3 i=ys[ku] lkj ys[ku] iyyou

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1-i=ksa ds mnkgj.k
2-i=ksa ds izdkj
3-i= ys[ku dh fo'ks"krk,a
¼i= ys[ku] lacks/ku] var] fnukad vkfn
mkyuk½
4-lkj ys[ku
5-iyyou 10 vad
bdkbz&3 hkkjrh; lald`fr ¼20 vad ½
bdkbz&4 hkkjr ns'k vksj mlds fuoklh
1-hkkjrh; lekt dh lajpuk
2-lkekftd xfr'khyrk&v|ru
3-dez vksj n'kzu
bdkbz&5 1- hkkjrh; lald`fr dk fo'o ij izhkko
2- e/;izns'k dk lkald`frd oshko
iqlrd dh ikb~; lkexzh ,d ls ikap] izr;sd bdkbz ds fy,
5&5 vad fu/kkzfjr gsa bl izdkj ¼5 x 5½ dqy 25 vad
gksaxsa
[k.m nks % izr;sd bdkbz ds fy, 10&10 vad fu/kkzfjr
gsa bl izdkj ¼10 x 2½ dqy 20 vad gksaxsa
dqy iz'ui= 75 vadks dk fohkktu mijksdrkuqlkj gksxka
fu/kkzfjr ikb~; iqlrdsa%
1- hkkjrh;rk ds vej loj &izdk'kd e/;izns'k fgunh xzafk
vdkneh] hkksiky

foundation course
paper-ii: english language
a. scheme of examination for ba./bsc./ b.h.sc. (home science,) i b.com/
b.c.a / ba management

fc 2. english language 75 marks

minimum pass marks 50 marks

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details: course for ba./bsc. / b.h.sc. (home science,) i b.com/ b.c.a / ba management
the question paper for fc paper 2 english language will contain five units, which
. are as under:

unit-i short answers question: 15 marks

unit-ii reading comprehension and vocabulary: 15 marks (10+05)

unit-iii paragraph writing : 15 marks

unit-iv letter writing (both formet and informate) : 15 marks

unit-v grammar (20 items form the prescribed text book to be asked and 15 to be
attempted) : 15 marks

structural items :

(i) simple, compound and complex sentences

(ii) co-ordinate clauses (with, but a or either-or,
neither-nor, otherwise, or else)
(iii) subordinate clauses - noun clauses - as subject
object and complement: relative clauses
(restrictive and non-restrictive clauses). adverb
clauses (open and hypothetical conditional, with
because, though, here, so that, as long as, as
soon as)
(iv) comparative clauses (as+=adjective/adverb + as -
no so nor that)

tenses :

i) simple present, progressive and present perfect.

ii) simple part, progressive and past perfect.
iii) indication of futurity.
the passive (simple present and past, present and past perfect and to
infinitive structure.

reported speech
i) declarative sentences
ii) imperatives
iii) interrogatives - wh-questions, yes/no questions
iv) exclamatory sentences.

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modals (will, shall, should, would, ought to have to have get to, can could,
my-might and need)

(f) verb structures (infinitives and gerundials)

(g) linking devices

note: the above language items will be interance to express the following communicative
functions

(a) seeking and imparting information.

(b) expressing attitudes-intellectual and
emotional.
(c) persuasion and dissuasion etc.

note:- questions on all the units shall be asked from the prescribed text, which will
comprise specimens of popular creative writing and the following items:

(a) indian art

meaning of art, features of, indian art. elementary knowledge of paintings, music,
dancing, sculpture archaeology, iconography & other social arts.

(b) indian literature

ancient indian literature

elementary knowledge of vedic literature, mahabharata, ramayan & other main. granthas.

(c) indian freedom struggle

freedom struggle of 1857, national consciousness non-cooperation novement. civil
disobedient movement, quit india movement, contribution of revolutionaries in
freedom struggle.

(d) indian constitution

introduction, main features of constitution, fundamental rights, fundamental duties.

prescribed book

1 english language and published by :

indian culture. m.p. hindi granth academy
bhopal.

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english literature
paper-i literature in english 1550-1750

m.m.75

i) unit i of annotations is compulsory, 6, passages to be set

from units i to vi, atleast one from each unit, 3 to be attempted. 3x5 = 15

ii) multiple choice/objective type questions to be set from unit vii, 10x1 = 10
15 to be set, 10 to be attempted.

iii) from units ii to vi-8 questions to be set, atleast one 10x5=50

from each unit, 5 to be attempted

word limit for each answer 300 to 400 words.

unit-i annotations.

unit-ii poetry

a) shakespeare - sonnet no 1 "from fairest creatures" sonnet no.154 "

the little love god".
b) (b) milton - how soon hath time the subtle thief of youth.....
c) john donne- sweetest love i don't go; this is my play's last scene.

unit-iii poetry
a) john dryden-portrait of shadwell

b) alexander pope- form 'an essay on criticism' (true case in

writing ) and the world's victor stood subdned by sound'.

unit-iv prose
a) bacon - of studies; of regimen of health; of expense.
b) addison - sir roger at home
c) steele - of the club.

unit-v drama
shakespeare - the merchant of venice

unit-vi fiction

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swift - the battle of the books

unit-vii historical and literary topics

 the renaissance
 humanism
 reformation
 the civil war and protectorate
 the restoration
 the rise of colonialism
 earlier drama
 petrarchism and the sdnnet cycle;
 the influence of seneca and classical dramatic theory
 the elizabethan' and jacobean stage
 english renaissance drama
 restoration drama
 the rise of periodical essay.

books recommended for unit vii in papers i & ii

1. edward albert - a history of english literature.
2. ifor evans - a short history of english literature.
3. hudson - an outline history of english literature
both the papers of b.a. part i are included in the anthologies prescribed in the previous
syllabus for b.a. part i and ba part ii.

paper- ii literature in english from 1750-1900

m.m. 75
note: (i) unit i of annotations is compulsory, 6, passages to be set from units i to vi,
atleast one from each unit, 3 to be attempted.

(ii) multiple choice/objective type questions to be set from unit vii, 15 to be

set, '10 to be attempted.
(iii) from units ii to vi-8 questions to be set, atleast one from each unit, 5 to be
attempted
word limit for each answer 300 to 400 words.

unit-i annotations.

unit-ii poetry
a) blake - tiger, burning bright

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b) wordsworth - tintern abbey
c) coleridge - frost at midnight

unit-iii poetry
a) shelley - ode to a skylark
b) keats - ode to autumn
c) tennyson - crossing the bar
d) browning -prospice

unit-iv prose
(a) lamb - valentine's day
(b) hazlitt - on actors and acting

unit-v fiction
jane austen - pride and prejudice

unit-vi fiction
charles dickens - a tale of two cities.

unit -vii historical and literary topics.

 the french revaluation
 the american war of independence
 the reform acts
 the impact of industrialization
 colonialism and imperialism
 marx and engels
 scientific thought & discoveries
 faith and doubt,
 classical and romantic concepts of imagination
 varieties of romantic and victorian poetry
 the victorian novel
 realism and the novel
 victorian prose
 aestheticism

lald`r

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ch-,- izfke o"kz lald`r esa nks iz'u i= gksaxs izr;sd iz'u i= 75
vad dk gksxka izfke iz'ui= esa 60 vad dh fyf[kr ijh{kk gksxh
rfkk 15 vad dh lald`r okxo;ogkj dh eksf[kd ijh{kk] gksxh] tks
nks ijh{kdksa ¼,d vkarfjd rfkk nwljs ckg~;½ ls laiuu gksxha

izfke iz'u i= % lald`r hkk"kk usiq.;

¼iz'u izr;sd bdkbz@[k.m ls rs;kj fd;s tk;saxs½

uksv% bl iz'u esa fyf[kr ijh{kk ,d ls pkj bdkb;ksa ij

vk/kkfjr dsoy 60 vadksa dh gksxha

bdkbz&,d& o;kdj.k
'kcn :i 15 vad
jke] dfo] hkkuq] fir`] yrk] efr] unh] o/kw ekr`] qy]
okfj] vkreu~] okp]
loz rn~] ,rn~] ;r~ bne~] vlen~ rfkk ;q"en
/kkrq :i
ib]~ hkw] d`] vl~] :/k] Øh] pqj] rfkk lso]
¼dsoy ikap ydkj&yv~] yksv~] fof/kfym+~ ym~]
y`v½
bdkbz&nks y?k&dkseqnh
15 vad
izr;kgkjk ,oa lakk] 5 vad
laf/k 5 vad
fohkdr;fkz 5 vad
bdkbz&rhu lkfgr; 15

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vad
fgrksins'k ¼fe=ykhk½ 7 vad
loiuokloneÙke~ 8 vad
bdkbz&pkj vuqokn ,oa
fuca/k 15
fgunh ls lald`r
lald`r ls fgunh
fuca/k ¼lald`r esa½
bdkbz&ikap lald`r
okxo;kogkj] eksf[kd ijh{kk 75 vad
f}rh; iz'u i=% ¼lald`r½
iz'u izr;sd bdkbz@[k.m ls rs;kj fd;s tk;saxs½
dqy vad % 75
bdkbz&,d osn ,oa n'kzu
15 vad
¼d½ _xosn ¼1]1½ rfkk vfkzozosn ¼1]2½ 7 vad
¼[k½ rdzlm+g ij iz'u 7 vad
bdkbz&nks dko;&j?kqoa'k
izfkelxz 15 vad
o;k[;k 10 vad
vkykspukred iz'u 5 vad
bdkbz&rhu dko;k'kkl=
15 vad
lkfgr; niz.k izfke ifjpnsn 15 vad

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bdkbz&pkj okyehfd jkek;.k
ckydk.m ¼izfkelxz½ 15 vad
o;k[;k 10 vad
vkykspukred iz'u 5 vad
bdkbz&ikap egkhkkjr
'kkfurioz ¼v/;k; 192½ 15 vad
o;k[;k 10 vad
vkykspukred iz'u 5 vad

fgunh lkfgr;
izfke iz'u i=&1 izkphu fgunh dko;
izlrkouk%&
izkphu ls rkri;z gs vk/kqfud dky ls iwoz ds dkya lgh vfkz esa
fgunh hkk"kk vksj lkfgr; dk fodkl vkfndky ls 'kq: gksrk gsa
blesa /kkfezd rfkk ,sfgd nks izdkj dk lkfgr; feyrk gs tks
izca/k] eqdrd] jklks] qkxq] pfjr] lqhkkf"kr vkfn fofo/k
dko;:iksa esa vfhko;aftr gsa e/;dkfyu lkfgr; dh i`"bhkwfe ds :i
esa bls izfrf"br fd;k tkrk gsa
e/;dkyhu dko; eas hkfdrdko; tgk¡ yksdtkxj.k dks loj
nsus okyk gs] ogha jhfrdky vius yksfdd&ja`xkfjd ifjn`'; es
arrdkyhu lkekftd] lkald`frd] jktuhfrd flfkfr;ksa dks csyksl
vfhko;aftr djrk gsa vr% hkk"kk] lald`fr] fopkj] ekuork]
dko;ro] dko;:irk] yksfddrk] ikjyksfddrk vkfn n`f"v;ksa ls bldk
v/;;u vr;ko';d gsa

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fueukafdr dfo;ksa esa ls ikap dfo;ksa dk p;u fd;k
x;ka ftu ij o;k[;kred rfk vkykspukred iz'u iwns tk,axsa
1- dchj 50 lkf[k;ka
2- lwj 25 in
3- rqylh 25 nan
4- fcgkjh 50 nan
5- /kukuan 25 nan
fueufyf[kr dfo;ksa ij y?kqrrjh iz'u iwns tk,axsa
1- vehj [kqljks
2- jl[kku
3- in~ekdj
vad fohkktu%&
3 o;k[;k,a % 30 izfr'kr vad
2 vkykspukred iz'u % 30 izfr'kr vad
5 y?kqmrrjh iz'u % 20 izfr'kr vad
20 olrqfu"b@vfr y?kqmrrjh iz'u % 20 izfr'kr vad

iz'ui=& 2 fgunh dfkk lkfgr;

izlrkouk%&
x| dh izeq[k fo/kkvksa dk bruk nzqr fodkl budh
yksdfiz;rk dk izek.k izlrqr djrk gsa buesa vk/kqfud thou viuh
fofo/k nfo;ksa ds lkfk ;fkkfkz :i esa vfhko;aftr gqvk gsa thou
dh vuqhkwfr;ksa] laosnukvksa rfkk fofo/k ifjflfkfr;ksa ds
lk{kkrdkj ds fy, budk v/;;u lozfkk visf{kr gsa

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o;k[;k ,oa vkykspukred iz'uksa ds fy, miu;klksa esa
ls fdlh ,d miu;kl dk fu/kkzj.k fd;k x;k gsa
miu;kl
izsepan % xcu
vfkok
o`ankouyky oekz% >kalh dh jkuh ¼laf{kir laldj.k½
dgkuhdkj dgkuh
1- t;'kadj iqldkj
2- izsepan dq+u
3- ;'kiky ijnk
4- deys'oj jktk fujcafl;k
5- q.kh'ojukfk js.kq rhljh dle mqz ekjs x;s xqyqke
6- hkh"e lkguh phq dh nkor
7- eksgu jkds'k eycs dk ekfyd
8- vejdkar nksgij dk hkkstu
fueufyf[kr dfkkdkjksa esa ls y?kqmrrjh; iz'u iwns tk,saxs&
1- lqn'kzu
2- ekdz.ms;
3- jkth lsb

vad fohkktu%&
3 o;k[;k % 30 izfr'kr vad
2 vkykspukred iz'u % 30 izfr'kr vad
5 y?kqmrrjh; iz'u % 20 izfr'kr vad

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20 oklrqfu"b@vfr y?kqmrrjh; iz'u% 20 izfr'kr vad

history
paper-i : history of india up to c.a.d. 1200

max marks. 100

lectures 50
unit-i (a) history its concept, nature, scope and significance.
(b) survey of sources, land environment and people, pre-historic hunters,
gatherers. palaeolithic culture and sequence and geographical
distribution.
(c) mesolithic culture: distribution, cultural developments with special
reference to rock art.
(d) harappan civilization: origin, extent urban planning, nature of political
and economic organization urban decline. late harappan culture and
economic patterns in non-harappan india.

unit-ii (a) society, ---polity, economy, culture and religion as reflected in vedic
literature. ironage culture in india megaliths in deccan far south and
north.
(b) social developments: varna, jati, occupational categories, marriage
property relation, 16 sanskaras and 4 purusharthas.

(c) rise of territorial states. rise of new religious movements in north india.
doctrines and social dimension of early buddhism and jainism.

unit-iii (a) the mauryan empire, state administration and economy. mauryan
empire: ashoka's dhamma its nature and propagation. mauryan art and
architecture.

(b) post mauryan period: sungas, western kshatrapas, sathavanas,

kushanas.

(c) post mauryan, social cultural developments with reference to the

kushanas and sathavanas. mathura and gandharva art and
architecture.

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unit-iv (a) important powers in the south: cheras, cholas and pandayas in the far
south, urban growth, craft production trade and coinage. sangam age:
literature, society and culture.
(b) post graduate period up to 750 ad pallavas, chalukyas and vardhanas.
polity and economy (750 to 1200 ad)
(c) (i) north india: gurjars, partiharas, palas and senas.
(ii) deccan: rastrakutas and their contemporaries.
(iii) cholas and their contemporaries.
relation with south east asia and sri lanka.

[topic (i), (ii) and (iii) must be related to political institutions, economy, land
grants, agrarian expansions, inter regional and maritime guilds.]

uni-v (a) gupta empire and its contemporaries, administration, agrarian and
revenue system, changing patterns of urban settlement and state.
(b) development in the gupta and post gupta times (upto 1200 ad.)
(i) north: society, art, literature, philosophy, science and technology.
(ii) south: temples, bhakti movement, art and architecture.
(iii) status of women, marriage, property rights, sati, purdah and
devdasi system.
(iv) shifts invarna. proliferation of jatis, slavery and forced labour.

(c) nvasion of arabs - gaznavis and ghoris and their impacts.

books recommended:
1 . altekar
2. kosambi, d.d.
3. jha, d.n.
4. mookeijee, rk.
5. majumdar, roychaudhary and dutt:
6. roy choudhary, h.c.
7. shastri, k.a. nilkanth
: state and government in ancient india (hind
version also).
: an introduction to the study of indian history
(also in hindi).
: ancient india.
: ancient india.
an advance history of india.
: political history of ancient india.
: history of south india.

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8. sharma, rs. : aspects of political indian and institution in
ancient india.
9. thapar, romilla : history of india.
10. ashraf, k.k. : life and conditions of the people of
hindustan.
11. basham, a.l. : the wonder that was india
12. majumdar, r.c. (ed.) : the vedic age: the age of imperial unity; the
classical age, the age of imperial kanauj,
the struggle for empire.
13. mkw- foosdnrr >k ,ao mkw- lqflerk ikams;%
jktuhfrd bfrgkl rfkk
lalfkk,sa ¼3169 ls 1200 bz-
½
14- etwenkj] jk;pks/kjh ,oa nrr % hkkjr dk o`gr bfrgkl
[k.m&1
15- mkw- jkeukfk fej % izkphu hkkjrh; lekt vfkz
o;olfkk ,oa /kez ¼osfnd dky
ls 1300bz-½
16- ik.ms;] jktcyh % izpkuh hkkjr
17- jk;pks/kjh ,p-lh- % hkkjr dk jktusfrd bfrgkl
18- 'kkl=h ds-,- uhydab % nf{k.k hkkjr dk bfrgkl
19- mik/;k; oklqnso % xqir lkezkt; dk bfrgkl [k.m&1
20- mik/;k;] ch-,l- % izkphu hkkjr dk bfrgkl
21- nqcs] lq[knso % xqir dkyhu jktoa'k
22- 'kekz] n'kjfk % pksgku] lezkv i`fohjkt vksj
mudk ;qxa
23- 'kez] lhrkjke vksj t;ukjk;.kq % 19oha 'krkcnh esa

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hkkjrh; /kkfezd rfkk lkekftd
tkxj.ka
24- mkw- vkj-,u- ik.ms; % izkphu hkkjr dk jktuhfrd
,oa lkald`frd
bfrgkl&bykgkckna
25- mfezyk izdk'k % izkphu dky
26- f'konrr kkuh % hkkjrh; lald`fr
27- fnus'k punz hkkj}kt % hkkjrh; lald`fr
28- d`".knrr cktis;h rfkk foeypunz ikams;% izkphu hkkjr
dk bfrgkl
29- mkw- hkxokuflag oekz vksj mkw- ,l-ds lqyysv%
izkphu hkkjr dk bfrgkl
30- fdj.k dqekj % fla/kq le;rk
31- jkeo`{k flag % izkphu hkkjr
32- th-ih- flagy % izkphu hkkjr
33- jk/ks'kj.k % hkkjr lkekftd ,oa vkffkzd
lajpuk vksj lald`fr ds ewy
rroa
34- >kj[k.m pkscs % bfrgkl n'kzu
35- xksfoanpunz ikams % bfrgkl dk lo:i ,ao fl)kar
36- fej] mkw- jesunz ukfk ,ao mkw- lqhkk"k nrr >k%
izkphu hkkjr
37- mkw- ,l-ds- ekfkqj % izkphu hkkjr
38- mkw- ,l ds feÙky % hkkjr dk bfrgkl

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39- lr;ukjk;.k nqcs % hkkjr dk bfrgkl

paper-ii: western world from mid 15th

centuryto 1871 ad
note - questions will be set from each unit.

unit-i decline for feudalism. the rise of the modern era-renaissance, reformation and
counter reformation. rise of the absolute state: spain, france and britain.

unit-ii economic origins of the modern western world - mercantilism; and

commercial revolution; beginnings of colonialism. scientific revolution,
agriculture revolution; industrial revolution and emergence of new social
classes.

unit-iii glorious revolution of 1688 ad.

american revolution (1776).
french revolution (1789), causes, progress and impact.
unit-iv age of napoleon - his rise and fall.
vienna congress (1815), age of metternich, concert of europe, holy
alliance. revolution of 1830 and 1848 ad.
eastern question up to crimean war. ad. napoleon iii.

unit-v age of conservatism european exploitation of asia and america. liberalism in

england - act of 1832 chartist movement, american civil war. unification of
italy, unification of germany.

suggested readings:
1. anderson, pery, lineages 'of the absolutist state (routlege,
1974)
2. barraclough, g. an introduction to contemporary history
(penguin, 1968).
3. bronowski, j. and bruce mazlish, the western intellectual
tradition (ayer co.publication, 1960)
4. bury, j.lt. france, 1840 (routledge chapman and hall, 1985)
5. henderson, o.p., the industrial revolution on the continent.
6. hill, christopher, from reformation to industrial revolution,
(penguin, 1970).
7. langer, wlo, diplomacy of imperialis.
8. langer w.l. european alliances and alignments (greenwood,
1977).

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9. lefebvre, georges, coming of the french revolution (princeton,
1989).
10. parks, h.b., the united states of america.
11. randal j. g. and david donald, the civil war and reconstruction
2nd rev. ed. (heath, 1969).
12. rolls, eric, history of economic thoutht.
13. rude, george, revolutionary europe (1984).
14. saboul, a., the french revolution.
15. stavrianos. los. , the world since 1500 (1928)
16. thompson, david, europe since napoleon (penguin, 1957,
1966)
17. grant and temperley. europe in the 19th and 20th century. (also
hindi version.)
18. hazon, c.d., modern j european history (also hindi version).
19. panitkar, k.m. : asian and wentorn dominace.
20. parks, h.b. : the unites states of america: a history.
21. prasad, ishwari : a history of modern europe (1453-1789).
22. soheville : a history of modern europe.
23. david, thompson: europe since 1815.
24. peter brooke: tradition and innovation in renaissance itlay.
25. dr. bhagwan singh verma: europe ka itihas (1789-1815).
26. holland b. rose: french revolution & the nepoleonic era (also in
hindi).

sociology
paper-i introduction to sociology

unit-i sociological perspective

the meaning of sociology; the sociological perspective, sociology and social
sciences, the scientific and humanistic orientations to sociological study.

unit-ii basic concepts

society, community, institution, association, group, social structure, status and
role.

unit-ii institutions, individual in/and society

family and kinship, religion, education, politics.

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society, culture and socialization, relation between individual and society.
social control: norms, values and sanctions.

unit-iii social stratification, mobility and social change

social stratification, mobility: meaning, forms and theories.

social change: meaning and type, evolution and revolution, progress and
development. factors of social change.

unit-iv the uses of sociology

introduction to applied sociology, sociology and social problems, sociology
and social change, sociology" and social policy and action, sociology and
development, sociology and professions.

paper -ii society in india

unit-i views about indian society

the classical views: varna, ashram, karma and dharma
field views: m.n. srinivas, s.c. dube and andre beteille
significance and interface of classical and field views.

unit-ii the structure and composition of indian society

structure: village, town, cities and rural - urban linkages. composition: tribes,
dalits, women and minorities.

unit-iii basic institutions of indian society.

cast system, kinship, family, marriage, classes changing dimensions.

unit-iv familiar problems

dowry, domestic violence, divorce, intra and intergenerational conflict,
problem of elderly.

unit-v societal problems

casteism, regionalism, communalism, corruption, white collar crim, suicide

economics
paper - i micro economics
m. m. 75

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unit-i evolution of definition of economics, nature and scope of economics, methods

of economic analysis, basic concepts: utility, demand, supply, commodity, free
goods, value and price, market, administrated vs flex price.

unit-ii utility: cardinal (marshall) and ordinal utility approaches to demand:

indifference curve: consumer equilibrium (hicks and slutsky), giffin goods,
compensated demand, elasticity of demand, price, income and cross,
consumer surplus.

unit-iii production function: iso quants, law of constant and variable proportions,
returns to scale, economics of scale, different concept of cost-marginal,
average, total fixed and variable, opportunity costs: equilibrium of the firm.

unit-iv forms and structure of market: perfect: monopolistic, oligopolistic,

monopoly, discriminating monopoly, determination of price in various market.

unit-v factor pricing: marginal productivity theory, adding up theorem, modern

theories of wages, interest, profit and rent.

basic reading list

1. bach, g.l. (1977), economics; prentice hall of india, new delhi.
2. gould, j.p. and edward p.l. (1996), micro economic theory, richard. irwin, homewood.
3. henderson, j. and r.e. quandt (1980), micro economec theory: a mathematical
approach, me graw hill, new delhi.
4. healthfield and wi be (1987), an introduction cost and production functions,
macmillan london.
5. koutsoyiannis a. (1990), modern micro ecomics, macmillan.
6. lipsey, r.g. and k.a. chrystal (1999), principles of economics (9th edition), oxford
university press, oxford.
7. mansfield e. (1997) micro economics (9th edition), wow. norton and company, new
york.
8. ray, n.c. (1975), an introduction to microeconomics, macmillan company of india ltd.
delhi.
9. ryan wj.l. (1962), price theory, macmillan and co. limited, london
10. samuelson pa and wd. nordhaus (1998), economics, tata mcgraw hill, new delhi.
11. stonier, aw and d.c. hague (1972), a text book of economic theory, elbs & longman
group, london
12. varian, h.r. (2000), intermediate micro econocics : a modern approach (5th edition),
eas-west press, new delhi.
13. paul samuleson, eocnomics (10th edition).
14. r.g. lipsey, an introdution to'positive economics economy, a condensed course.
15. hics. j. r. the social framework: an introduction to economic.
16. brown, aj. introduction to world economy.
17. stonier & hague, text book of modern economics theory (english & hindi both)
18. chamberlin, monopolistic compitition
19. mehta & maheshchand, guide to moden economics
20. jain, k. p. arthashastra ke sidhanta

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21. dewett., kk modern economics theory (english & hindi)
22. bentham, economics (english & hindi)
23. shrivastava, o.s. micro economics. (hindi)
24. boulding, economics analysis
25. jhingan, m.l. economics theory (english & hindi)
26. hicks, j. r. capital & growth
27. hicks, j.r. crisis in keynesian economics (for flex & fix prices)
28. sharma, r.s. principle of economics (hindi)

paper-ii indian economy

m.m.75

unit-i structure of indian economy. basic features: natural recourses, land water and
forest resources, demographic features: population, size, sex, rural urban
classification, population distribution, composition of gross domestic product.

unit-ii agriculture: nature and importance. land use pattern. trends in agricultural
production and productivity, land reform, green revolution, rural credit,
agricultural marketing, mechanization, changes in sopping patterns of
madhya pradesh.

unit-iii industrial policy: 1956, 1993. role of public section in industrialization, post
reform changes in public and private sector. role and importance of small
scale industries and challenges posed by reform. problem of prospects of
industrialization in m.p.

unit-iv infrastructure for indian economy: power, transportation and communica-

tion, india's foreign trade: composition and direction, balance of payment, role
of foreign direct investment, and multinational corporations.

unit-v indian economy of the ever of independence. planning in india: objective,

strategy, achievements and failures, analysis of current five years. plan.
problems of poverty. unemployment at rising prices.

political science
paper-i: political theory

unit-i political science - definition, nature and scope. nature and significance of
political theory (traditional and modern). methods, relations with social
sciences sociology, history, economics, psychology and geography.

unit-ii power and authority - state: origin and development. state: dominant
perspectives - sovereignty, pluralists criticism.

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unit-iii citizenship rights - principles of rights, specific rights, rights and duties and
human rights, liberty, equality and justices.

unit-iv democracy - meaning, types and "theories. principles of representation.

development and welfare state. legislature, executive and judiciary. theory of
separation of power.

unit-v constitution - meaning and types. types of government - dictatorship.

parliamentary and presidential, unitary and federal. party system, pressure
groups-feminism.

readings:
1. sir e. barker, principles of social and political theory, calcutta, oxford university press,
1976.
2. n.p. barry, introduction to modern political theory, london, macmillan, 1995.
3. s. benhabib and d. cornell, feminism as critique, cambridge, polity press, 1987.
4. s.i. benn and r.s. peters, social principles and the democratic state, london, george &
allen, 1959.
5. a brecht, political theory: the foundations of twentieth century political thought,
bombay, the times of india press, 1965.
6. m. carnoy, the state and poltical theory, princeton nj, princeton university press,
1984.
7. g. catlin, study of the principles of politics, london and new york, oxford university
press, 1930.
8. d. coole, women in political theory: from ancient misogyny to contemporary
feminism, new york, harvester wheatsheaf, 1993.
9. b. crick in defence of politics, harmondsworth, pelican books, 1963.
10. r. dahl, modern political analysis, englewood cliffs, nj, prentics hall, 1963.
11. a. preface to democratic theory, the chicago, university of chicago press, 1965.
12. j. dunn, modern revolutions, london, the clarendon press 1989.
13. d. easton the political system: an inquiry into the state of political science, new york,
wiley 1953.
14. ___a systems analysis of political life, engelwood cliffs nj, prentice hall, 1965.
15. d. germino, beyond ideology: the revival of political theory, new york, harper and row,
1967.
16. b goodwin, using political idj!as, chicester, john wiley and sons, 1992.
17. n.j. hirschman, and c.d. stefano (eds.) revisioning the political feminist.
18. reconstructions of traditional concepts in western political theory, westview press,
harper collins, 1996.
19. d. hoator, citizenship: the civic ideal in world history, politics and education, london,
orient longman, 1990.

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20. d. held, models of democracy, cambridge, polity press, 1987.
21. ___, political theory and the modern state, cambridge, polity press, 1989.
22. ____, political theory, cambridge, polity press, 1991.

paper-ii : indian government and politics

unit-i brief history of indian national movement. theme making of india's constitution
and its sources. basic features of indian's constitution. preamble of indian
constitution.

unit-ii fundamental rights and duties. directive principles of state policy. the election
commission and electoral reforms.

unit-iii union government. president, parliament, cabinet and prime minister.

supreme court.

unit-iv the state government: governors, legislative council, council of ministers and
the chief minister. centre - state relations.

unit-v political parties: national and regional parties. major issues in indian politics
(a) caste
(b) religion
(c) languages
(d) region
d) poverty - alleviation

ba-part - i linguistics
paper-1

unit-i human brings as selectively communicating animals. the total human

transaction. human communication ekuotkfr lqfof'k"v
leizs"k.k'khy i'kq] lexz ekuo&o;ogkj] ekuo&leizs"k.ka

unit-ii processing for meaning. verbal language nonverbal language, logic and
reqsoning vfkz dk lalk/ku] okfpd hkk"kk] vokfpd hkk"kk]
rdz vksj ;qfdra

unit-iii improving self- communication and interpersonal communication, self

communication, dyadic communication small7grouop communication
vkrek&leizs"k.k vksj var% os;fdrd leizs"k.k esa lqlaldkj]

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vkre&leizs"k.k] ;qxe&leizs"k.k] y?kqlewg&leizs"k.ka

unit-iv improving public communication, planning the message, developing the

message, structuring the message, presenting the massage tuleizs"k.k
esa lqlaldkj lans'k dk fu;kstu] lans'k dk fodlu] lans'k dk
lajpu] lans'k dk izlrqrhdj.ka

unit-v types of messages, informative speaking , persuasive speaking, establishing

credibility, lans'k ds izdkj] lwpukred ckrphr] vkd"kzd
ckrphr] fo'oluh;rk dh laflf)a

reference books:-

1. fundamentals of human communication by robert g. king macmillan,

newyork.
2. communicating: a social and carrier process by berko, wolvin and wolvin,
houghton, boston.
3. communication: interaction through speech by aner, parish and
mortenson, merrill, obio.

paper-2

unit-i the nature of human language, what is language?

ekuo hkk"kk dk lo:i] hkk"kk d;k gs\

unit-ii grammatical aspects of language, phonology, morphology, syntax,

semantics writing. hkk"kk dk o;kdjfd.k i{k] louizfdz;k]
:iizfdz;k] okd;jpuk] vfkzfokku] ys[ku

unit-iii social aspects of language, language and society, language change.

hkk"kk dk lkekftd i{k] hkk"kk vksj lekt] hkk"kk;h
ifjorzua

unit-iv the biological aspect of language, child language acquistition, animal

languages, language and the brair. hkk"kk dk tsfod i{k] cppksa
dh hkk"kk] i'kqvksa dh hkk"kk] hkk"kk vksjk eflr"d

reference books:-
1. an introduction to language by fromkir and rodman, holt, newyork.
a course in modern linguistics by hockett, newyork.

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philosophy
paper-i moral philosophy
(indian and western)

unit-i nature of ethics, its contents. the notions of good, right, duty, virtue, non-
violence.

unit-ii gita : swadharma and sadha,rana dharma.

unit-iii buddhist ethics: the four noble truths and the eight-fold path.

unit-iv jain ethics: anuvritas and mahavrirtas

unit-v ethics of kant: maxims of kant, theories of punishment.

suggested readings:
1.i.c. sharma : ethical philosophy of india
2. s.k. mitra : the ethics of hindus.
3. surma dasgupta 4. w. lillie : development of moral philosophy in
india.
4. w. lillie : an introduction to ethics
5. j. hospers : human conduct.

6. mkw-y{eh ldlsuk % uhfr fokku ds ewy fl)kar

7- mkw- ân; ukjk;.k fej % uhfr 'kkl= dh hkwfedk
8- mkw- nk;k jk; % dkuv dk uhfr n'kzu
9- mkw- fnokdj ikbd % hkkjrh; uhfr'kkl=
10- mkw-ch-,y- v=s; % hkkjrh; uhfr'kkl=
11- mkw- osnizdk'k oekz % uhfr'kkl= ds ewy fl)kar

paper-ii epistemology and metaphysics

(indian and western)

unit-i prama

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unit-ii pramana : pratyaksa, anumana, upmana and sabda.

unit-iii padarthas (vaisheshik)

unit-iv Sources of knowledge, elementary introduction of rationalism, empiricism and

kant's theory of criticism

unit-v god: nature, proofs for existance.

suggested reakings :
1. s.c. chatterjee : the nyaya theory of knowledge
2. s.k. maitra : fundamental questions of indian metaphysios and
logic
3. m.hirriyanna : outlines of india philosophy
4. s.c. chatterjee & d.m. dutta : an introduction to indian philosophy
5. c.d. sharma : a critical survey of indian philosophy,
6. w.h. walsh : metaphysics
7. a.c. ewing : fundamental questions of philosophy
8. d.w. hamlyn : theory of knowledge
9. russel : history of philosophy voll i & ii
10. lqjunz oekz % hkkjrh; n'kzu% lkeiznk; ,oa lel;k,¡
11- ,e-fgfj;uuk % hkkjrh; n'kzu dh :ijs[kk
12- nrr ,oa pvthz % hkkjrh; n'kzu
13- punz/kj 'kekz % hkkjrh; n'kzu dk vuq'khyu
14- ts-ih- 'kqdyk laiknd % vk/kqfud ik'pkr; n'kzu
15- punz/kj 'kekz % ik'pkr; n'kzu

psychology
paper-i basic psychological processes

objectives:
the course will familiarize students with the basic psychological processes and the
studies relating to the factors which influence them. it will also focus on some important
application areas of psychology.

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unit-i 1. introduction
definition and goals of psychology; approaches: biological psychodynamic
behaviorist, cognitive, methods: experiment, observation interview,
questionnaire.

2. biological bases of behaviour

human evolution; genes and behaviour, hormones and glands; nervous
system, the neuron, central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

unit-ii 1 states of mind

nature of consciousness; changes in consciousness: day dreaming, sleep
and dreaming; extended states of consciousness: hypnosis, meditation, and
hallucinations.
2. sensory - perceptual processes
visual and auditory senses: structure and functions: attentional
processes: selective and sustained attention; perceptual orgarisation;
determinants of perception; form, space and depth perception.

unit-iii 1. learning
classical and operant conditioning; basic processes: extinction, spontaneous
recovery.
generalisation and discrimination; transfer of training; reinforcement
schedules; verbal learning; observational learning.
2. memories and forgetting
if encoding, storage and retrieval processes; sensory, short-term and long-
term memories, mnemonics; constructive memory; forgetting: decay,
interference, retrieval failure, motivated forgetting.

unit-iv 1. motivations and emotion.

biogenic and sociogenic motives; intrinsic-extrinsic framework; the need
hierarchy model: emotions: development, theorj_s of emotion; culture and
emotions; physiological correlates: polygraphic technique.

2. personality
trait and type approaches; biological and socio-cultural determinants;
techniques of assessment: psychometric and projective. .

un it-v 1. intelligence
psychometric theories and cognitive science approach: genetic and
environmental influences: intelligence tests; interpretation of test scores.

2. thinking and reasoning

thinking process; concepts, imagery and cognitive maps; inductive and
deductive reasoning; problem solving approaches; solution strategies and
mental sets.

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readings.:
baron, a.a. (1995). psychology: the essential science. new york: allyn & bacon. zimbardo,
p.g. & weber, a.l. (1997). psychology. new york: harper collins college
publishers.
lefton, la. (1985). psychology. boston: allyn & baron
v:.k dqekj flga ¼1985½ mpprj lkeku; euksfokku eksrhyky
cukjlhnkl] okjk.klh vkuun iqjksfgr&iz;ksxkred euksfokku
fieldman a.s. understanding psychology, tata mc graw hill new delhi.

paper-ii psychopathology

objectives

1. to impart knowledge about the normality and abnormality.

2. to make students understand the nature and course of various abnormal conditions.
3. to impart knowledge and skills needed for psychological assessment of different abnormal
conditions.

unit-i 1. introduction to psychopathology: the concept of normality and

abnormality.
2. psychological models of psychopathology: psychodynamic,
behavioural, cognitive behavioural and existential.

unit-ii 1. some prominent symptoms of mental illness: delusions;

hallucinations, obsessions, compulsions etc.

2. psychological assessment of psychopathology: diagnostic tests,

rating scales, history taking interview, general information about
projective tests.

unit-iii 1. anxiety disorders: panic disorder and agoraphobia, specific phobias,

social phobia; obsessive compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety
disorder.

2. somatoform disorders: hypochondriasis and conversion reaction.

3. mood disorders: manic episode, depressive episode, bipolar affective
disorder.

unit-iv 1. schizophrenia: delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder.

2. disorders due to psychoactive substance use: alcohol and drug
dependence.

unit-v 1. personality disorders: paranoid, schizoid, dissociative, impulsive,

borderline, anxious avoidence, dependent personality.
2. stress disorders: stress due to normal calamities like earthquake,
storm etc., and life events

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readings:
1. lamm, a. (1997). introduction to psychopathology, n.y.: sage
2. buss a.h. (1999). psychopathology. n.y. : john wiley.
3. azimurrahaman, abnormal psychology, motilal banarasidas, varanasi (in hindi)
4. singh a.k., abnormal psychology, motilal banarasidas, varanasi
5. pestoneji, d.m. (1999) stress and coping: the indian experience, n. delhi, sage
6. misra g. (1999) psychologica1 perspective on stress and health, n. delhi, concept
7. lazaws r.s. & folkman s. (1984) stress appraisal and coping n.y. springer
8. udupa, k.n. (1985) stress and its management by yoga, delhi, motilal banarasidas
9. corson, butcher & codeman (1997) abnormal psychology and modern life, 8th ed.
sectt. froesman & co.

psychology practicals
50 marks
objectives:
1. to develop interest and excitement, towards psychological phenomena.
2. to develop an awareness of psychological tools and techniques.
3. to provide basic training in planning and conducting experiments.
4. to nurture the skills of observation.
5. to facilitate understanding of psychological constructs and their application to
problem solving.
6. to facilitate processes of self-understanding.
training in psychology practical at ba part i level should be linked with theory
papers taught in classes and emphasis should be given on phenomena of theoretical
course for which activities and assessment of activities shall on a continuous basis. the
activities should be interactive and participative. departments may choose the activities,
they want to focus on based on course offered. for experimental demonstration/application
of various psychological phenomena students need to be encouraged for observation and
application of laboratory work on the basis of content of paper taught in b.a. part i.

practicals

1. attention and factors influencing attention.

2. perception: form, space and depth perception and determinants, of perception.
3. learning: process, extinction, generalization, discrimination transfer of training,
effect of reinforcement on learning, effect of motivation and cognition on learning,
factors responsible for verbal learning.
4. memory and forgetting: encoding, storage and retrieval processes. retrieval in long
term memory and short term memory. factors responsible for forgetting.

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5. emotion and motivation: effect of conflict and frustration on motivation, recognition
of motivation, assessment of motivation and hierarchy of motivation. emotion:
development, expression and control, factors affecting, psychological basis of
emotion and effect of culture on emotional expression.
6. intelligence: study of la. through verbal and nonverbal intelligence tests.
7. personality: assessment of personality through personality inventory, types, anxiety
tests, frustration test adjustment, inventory projective techniques.
8. thinking and reasoning: study of concepts formation, problem solving and effect of
category set on problem solving.
note:- test of performance. with the help of psychological tools student will be able to
improve his understanding of himself and of others. student will be able to
acquaint himself with available good tests and their manuals which will
improve theoretical understanding.
development of observational skills: for development skills towards their immediate
environment development of sensitivity and psychological insight is necessary. for this they
should write observation report on different field like,
i) during course of observation of t.v. programmes they should observe
childhood, old age and women image and write down their ideas.
ii) during different life situations like, family relationships, religious beliefs and
adjustment pattern of person in different stressful conditions - accident, death
etc.
facilitating understanding of self and others:

i) the student should be asked to maintain diaries, describe their personal

experience.
ii) assignment on stress management emphasizing on relaxation technique.

exercise on communication skills:

to enhance competency in oral and written communication, presentation and listening
various exercises will be undertaken.

note: students are expected to perform four experiments, four tests and four activities total,
one from each area, during the session.

geography
frame work - u.g. level in
b.a. part one

max. marks: 50 each

paper-i : physical geography (lithosphere)

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paper-ii : introduction to geography and human geography
paper-iii : practical - cartography and surveying i

b.a. part two

max. marks: 50 each

paper-i physical geography ii (climatologic and oceanography)

paper-ii economic geography
paper-iii practical - cartography and surveying ii

b.a. part three

max. marks: 50 each

paper-i geography of india

paper-ii resources and environment

paper-iii practical - cartography and surveying iii

GEOGRAPHY
b.a./b.sc. (general)
part one
there will be two theoretical papers of 50 marks each in b.a. part i. the practical
paper shall have 50 marks.
paper-i : physical geography (lithosphere)
paper-ii : introduction to geography and human geography
paper-iii : practical geography

note:-1. each theory paper shall be of 3 hours duration.

2. each theory paper will be divided into 5 units and candidates will have internal
choice within the unit.
3. the time & division of marks in practical exam shall be as follows
1. lab work - 25 marks 3 hours
2. survey - 10 marks 2 hours

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3. practical record - 10 marks
4. viva voce - 05 marks

paper-i physical geography (lithosphere)

objectives:
the objective of this course is to introduce the latest concepts in physical geography,
essentially geomorphology; to the students of geography in a brief but adequate manner.

unit-i the nature and scope of physical geography; inter-relation of physical

geography with other braches of earth sciences; the origin of the earth:
important theories - nebular, tidal, planetesimal, supernova, ottoschmid; age
of earth; geological time scale.

unit-ii earth's interior, wegner's theory of continental drift; plate tectonics. earth
movements - organic and eperogenic. isostasy, earthquakes and volcanoes.

unit-iii rocks - types, origin and composition of rocks: weathering; formation of

regolith and soils; rocks and relief. geomorphic agents and processes:
erosion, transportion and deposition, mass wasting.

unit-iv evolution of landforms, concept of cycle of erosion, views of davis and penck,
interruptions of cycle of erosion. fluvial arid, glacial, karst and coastal
landforms.

unit- application of geomorphology to human activities: settlements, transport, land

use mining; resource evaluation; environmental hazards and assessment.

suggested reading:
1. dayal, p. a. text book of geomorphology. shukla book depot, patna,
1996.
2. dury, g.h. : the face of the earth, penguins, 1980.
3. ernst, wg. : earth systems - process and issues. cambridge
university press, 2000.
4. icssr : a survey of researrch in physical geography. concept, new
delhi, 1983.
5. kale v. and gupta, a : element of geomorphology, oxford university
press, calcutta, 2001.
6. monkhouse f.j. : principles of physical geography. hodder and
stoughton, london, 1960.
7. pitty, a. : introduction to geomorphology, methuen, london, 1974.

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8. sharma, h.s. : tropical geomorphology, concept, new delhi, 1987.
9. singh, s. : geomorphology, longmans, london, 1960.
10. small, r.j : the study of landf9rms, mcgraw hill, new york, 1985.
11. sparks, b.w : geomorphology, longmans, london, 1960.
12. steers, j.a. : the unstable earth. some recent views in geography,
kalyani publishers, new delhi, 1964.
13. strahler, a.n. : environmental geo-science, hamilton publishing,
santa barbara, 1973.
14. strahler, a.n. and strahler, a.h. : modern physical geography: john
wiley & sons, revised edition 1992.
15. summerfield, ma : global geomorpholgy, longman, 1991.
16. thornbury wd. : principles of geomorphology wiley eastern, 1969.
17. wooldridge s.w and morgan, r.s. : the physical basis of geography -
an outline of geomorphology, longman green & co., london, 1959.
18. wooldrige, s.w : the geographer as scientist thomas nelson and
sons ltd., london, 1956.

paper-ii introduction to geography and

human geography

objective:
the first two units of the paper intend to acquaint the students with distinctiveness of
geography as field of learning in social science as well as in natural science. the philosophy
and methodology of the subject is discussed in such a way that students develop a keen
interest in the subject and pursue it for higher studies. last three units acquaint the students
with the nature of man environment relationship and human capability to adopt an modify
the environment under its varied conditions.

unit-i the nature of geography-definition, scope approach, objectives and relevance;

place of geography in the classification of sciences; geography and other
disciplines.

unit-ii geography as the study of environment, man-environment relationship;

ecology and ecosystem; environmental determinism, possibilism, neo-
determinism; dualism in geography - systematic/regional; physical/human;
complementarily.

unit-iii nature and scope of human geography. branches of human geography.

division of manking into racial groups - their characteristics and distribution.
human adaptation to the environment: (i) cold region - eskimo; (ii) hot region
bushman, beduin, (iii) plateau - gonds, masai, (iv) mountain - gujjars nqmads

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(v) regions of recurrent floods, droughts and other natural haz'ards; adapttion
in modern society - agricultural, urban and metropolitan

unit-iv distribution of population; world distribution pattern - physical, economic and

social factors influencing. spatial distribution; population growth; migration -
internal and international. population conflicts and conflict resolution in
development and developing world. settlements - rural and urban: patterns
and world distribution.

unit-v a brief historical over view of geography as a discipline; recent trends in

geography with special reference to india; imperatives for the future; career
opportunities for geographers. geopolitical condlicts. frontiers and boundaries,
indian ocean and world politics.

suggested readings: geographic thought

1. abler, ronald. f. et at geography's inner world: pervasive themes in contemporary
american geography; routlege new jersey, 1992.
2. dikshit rd. geographical thought - a contextual history of ideas. prentice hall of india
pvt. ltd. 2000.
3. dohrs. f. e. and sommers, l.w (eds). introduction to geography, thomas y. crowell co.,
new york, 1967.
4. hartshorne, richard: perspective on the nature of geography, rand mcnally and co.,
chicago, 1959.
5. harvey, david: explanation in geography, edward-arnold, london, 1972.
6. holt-jensen, a. : geography: its history and concepts, longmans, 1980.
7. husain, majid: evaluation of geographical thought, rawat publications, jaipur 1984.
8. james, p,e. : all possible worlds: a history of geographical ideas, sachin publications,
jaipur 1980.
9. johnston, r.j. and claval, p. (eds.) : geography since the second world war, croom
helm, london/bernes and noble, n.j., 1984.
10. jones, p.a. : fieldwork in. geography, longmans, 1968.
11. lownsburg, j.f. and aldricah. f.t. : introduction to geographical methods and
techniques, charrles marril, columbus, 1979.
12. minshull, r. : the changing nature of geography, hutchinson university library, london,
1970.
13. wooldridge, s.w. : the geographer as scientist, thomas nelson and sons ltd, london,
1956.

suggested reading: human geography

1. bergwan, edward e : human geography: culture, connections and landscape,
prentice hall, new jersey 1995.
2. carr, m: patterns, process and change in human geography, macmillan education,
london, 1987.
3. fellman, j.l. : human geography - landscapes of human activities. brow and
benchman pub. u.s.a. 1997.
4. de blij h.j. : human geography, culture, society and space, john wiley, new york,
1996.

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5. johnston, r.j. (editor). : dictionary, of human.

practical: cartography and surveying i

objectives:
geography is an amalgam of physical as well as social sciences and as such, it is
necessary for students to go through laboratory exercise, particularly the techniques of
drawing cartograms showing physical, climatic and socio-economic of a region. to achieve
this objective, the concept of scale is to be understood at the initial state.

unit-i the nature and scope of cartography. scale : scale by statement, linear scale :
plain, comparative and diagonal; representative fraction. enlargement and
reduction of map.
unit-ii diagrammatic representation of geographical data-types of diagramme, bar
and coloumn charts, line graph, circle diagramme, sector diagramme, pie
diagramme,

unit-iii drawing of climograph and hytherg'raph and their interpretation,

representation of temperature, pressure and rainfall data by line and bar
graphs.

unit-iv methods of showing relief: (hachures, shading, contours and layer tints);
representation of different landforms by contours. contours interpolation,
drawing of profiles: cross and long profiles and their relevance in landform
mapping and analysis.

unit-v surveying - basic principles of surveying, types of surveying, surveying by

chain and tape. "

suggested readings:
1. misra, rp. and ramesh, a. fundamentals of cartography, mcmillan co., new delhi,
1986
2. pal, s.k. statistics for geoscientists: techniques and applications, concept, new delhi
1998
3. robinson, ah. et al. : elements of cartography, john wiley & sons, u.s.a. 1995
4. sarkar, ak : practical geography: a systematic approach, oriental longman, calcutta,
1997

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