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Free Vortex

Aim
To observe the surface profile in a free vortex flow.

Apparatus
Cylindrical tank with orifice at the centre of the bottom Pointer to measure the coordinates of the profile Pump to circulate the water Control valve to control the flow rate of fluid

Theory
Free vortex flow is an example of rotational flow where no external torque is required to rotate the fluid mass. Some examples of free vortex flow are Flow of liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of the container and a whirlpool in a river. Streamlines for such a flow will be concentric circles and the total energy is constant along a streamline. However the energy varies from streamline to streamline. The main characteristic of the forced vortex flow is that angular momentum (mr2) remains constant throughout the flow as no external torque is being provided. We know that, = 2 = Where, and = acceleration in radial and z direction = acceleration due to gravity = angular velocity r = radius However , Equation 1. 2 = As no external torque is present.

Also, Equation 2. = = =

= 3

Integrating above Equation 2. gives

ME-313, IIT Gandhinagar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

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Equation 3. Where,

= 2 2

= height from the top surface of the Free vortex Equation 2. explains why the slope is steeper a radius decrease. Whereas in Forced vortex slope was zero at radius=0.

Equation 3.
Where, N = RPM of the motor Equation 4. Where, H = Total Head

2 60

2 2

Procedure
Close the drain valves provided. Fill cylindrical tank with water Open Flow Control Valve given on the discharge line. Now switch on the Main Power Supply (220 V AC, 50 Hz) and switch on the Pump. Regulate the flow with control valve in order to maintain the constant height in the cylindrical tank. Now open the orifice at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical tank to allow discharge of water at steady state. When conditions become steady, take the surface profile readings with the help of a pointer . The surface elevation at r=0 is taken as the datum for all these readings.

Observation
Sr. No. Radius(cm) Height(cm) 1 0.36 16.51 2 0.69 18.84 3 0.90 19.37 4 1.46 21.41 5 1.88 22.12 6 2.67 22.53 7 3.61 22.80 8 5.79 23.39

ME-313, IIT Gandhinagar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

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Profile
25

20

15 surface profile 10

0 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

Precaution
Always keep apparatus free from dust. Frequently Grease/Oil the rotating parts, once in three months. Always Use Clean Water. If the Apparatus is not in use for more than one month, drain the apparatus completely.

Error
Error may rise in a profile as the radius was not exact zero i.e. orifice at the bottom was not a perfect sink.

Conclusion
The profile of Free vortex motion was observed.

-Vrushiket Patil(09003044) Mechanical Btech 2009


ME-313, IIT Gandhinagar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Page 3

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