Refinery-wise production: In 2010-11, the refinery-wise production in terms of crude throughput was 196.524 MMT.

The production of Indian refineries excluding the fuel and loss was 191.714 MMT. The production trend of refineries in India is as follows:

RIL was the market leader in terms of production of petroleum products in 2010-11 with 34 percent market share followed by IOCL which had a market share of 32 percent. However, with capacity addition at Panipat and Haldia refinery and commissioning of Paradip refinery, IOCL is set to take over as market leader in terms of petroleum products' production. The market share of petroleum product production is as follows:

Crude, Product and LPG Pipelines

There are two types of oil pipelines: crude oil pipelines and product pipelines. While the former carry crude oil to refineries, the latter transport refined products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and heating oil from refineries to the market. Pipeline is safer, convenient, reliable and environment friendly than other mode of transport for bulk liquids. Several developments in the last fifty years such as the use of pigs to clean the interior of pipelines, use of batching to transport different petroleum products through the same pipeline, use of cathodic protection to reduce corrosion of pipelines, and use of computers and communication technologies to monitor and control pipeline operations have seen pipelines emerge as the preferred mode of transport. Advantages of Pipeline Transportation Loss in transit is less in pipeline transportation vis--vis other modes. Pipeline offers large-scale economies in transportation. Environmental impact during construction, operation and maintenance is negligible and reversible which is environment friendly. Unlike other modes, in which different containers may be required for different products, pipeline transportation can handle multiple products. Pipeline transportation is flexible, as the volume transported can be increased/decreased quickly and at negligible cost.

Market share of petroleum products sale: Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is the market leader with respect to sales of petroleum products with 46 percent market share. The market share of IOCL has increased from 40.8 percent in 2005-06 to 46 percent in 2009-10. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL) had the market share of 19.5 percent and 17.5 percent respectively. The details of market share in terms of sales of petroleum products is as follows: Unit Total Sales* IOCL BPCL HPCL Others Private MMT % % % % % 2005-06 113.21 40.8 18.1 16.2 5.9 19 2006-07 120.75 44.2 18.8 16.3 1.8 18.9 2007-08 2008-09* 2009-10* 128.95 44.95 19.28 17.11 1.76 16.91 133.4 46 19.7 17.8 1.6 14.9 138.2 46 19.5 17.5 1.4 15.5

Percentage Share

*Excluding refinery boiler fuel

The market share with respect to sale of petroleum products as in 2009-10 is as follows:

Conclusion: As reflected above, the sales of petroleum products in India has increased by almost 50 percent since 1998-99. While the sales of HSD, MS and LPG have shown a positive growth trend, the growth of SKO and LDO has been negative in the recent decade. IOCL is the market leader is terms of sales of petroleum products. The retail sales (of HSD and MS) market share of IOCL has decreased from 54 percent in 2009-10 to 53 percent in 2010-11.