Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Analogue Electronics

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Tariro Benjamin Badza 4/4/2011

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Background Research.......................................................................................................................... 2 Operation ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Circuit Diagram ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Problem Page .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Equipment:...................................................................................................................................... 4 Assignment Brief Tasks ....................................................................................................................... 4 External Resources .................................................................................................................................. 5 Tasks........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Task 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Task 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Equations for operating point ......................................................................................................... 9 Task 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 10 References ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Web Pages used ................................................................................................................................ 11 Books Used........................................................................................................................................ 11

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Introduction
The aim of this exercise is to design and simulate a Common Source (CS) class-A audio amplifier based on N-channel Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET). The JFET to be used in this exercise is a 2N3819.

Background Research
In general Field Effect Transistors have an extremely high input impendence despite showing a low noise output, making them efficient for circuits with low input signals.

Operation The common source amplifier can provide both a voltage and current gain. With this in mind, the Voltage gain is high, so is both the input and output resistance. The output has 180 degrees out of phase from the input. The reason for the phase shift can be seen easily by observing the operation of the N-channel JFET. On the positive alternation of the input signal, the amount of reverse bias on the P-type gate material is reduced, thus increasing the effective cross-sectional area of the channel and decreasing source-to-drain resistance. When resistance decreases, current flow through the JFET increases. This increase causes the voltage drop across the collector resistor to increase, which in turn causes the drain voltage to decrease. On the negative alternation of the cycle, the amount of reverse bias on the gate of the JFET is increased and the action of the circuit is reversed. The result is an output signal, which is an amplified 180-degreeout-of-phase version of the input signal. [Reference 1]

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Circuit Diagram
The figure below shows an illustration of the studied common source amplifier employed in this exercise.

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Problem Page
The voltage gain can be approximated using AV = gmRD, where gm is the transconductance value. A review of the datasheet provides a quoted value for gm (this could appear as Yfs or gfs) this will show that these tend to be low for JFETs e.g. for a 2N3819, Yfs (min) is 2000 S. So if an amplifier has a drain resistor RD of 5 K the voltage gain would be:AV = (2000 x 10-6)(5000) = 10

Equipment: PSpice lab in MP053/54 with OrCAD-PSpice. Assignment Brief Tasks

1. Calculate the appropriate component values for the circuit shown in Figure 1.

2. Justify the selection of your components by applying appropriate equations. State any assumptions made.

3. Construct the circuit given in Figure 1 within the OrCAD-PSpice simulation software in order to set up the dc bias conditions of the amplifier and to assess its performance with an applied signal. 4. Apply appropriate tests to your PSpice model in order to demonstrate the circuits functionality by: Measuring the input and output response of the Time domain (ac transient) analysis. The test should include the variations of the input circuit parameters of voltage and frequency. Measuring the input and output response of the AC Sweep Analysis in order to obtain the bandwidth of the audio amplifier. Measuring the input impedance of the audio amplifier. Measuring the output impedance of the audio amplifier.

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

External Resources
For this assignment, the following JFET table for the JFET (2N3819) was used.

Fig 2: Operational Data Sheet for JFET

Pspice is a simulation software program that was used to mimic the circuit diagram. The simulation results were used to compare against the calculated values.

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Tasks
Task 1
Using the datasheet shown above in figure 2, the values of the devices in the circuitry were calculated and are shown below.

IDSS Max = 20mA= 0.02A Gm = 2000s = VP = 8V VDD = 10V RG = 1M

The Voltage at VD is half the supply voltage VDD.

VD = 5V
IDQ is the ideal operating value, whereby the output has the best chance to swing without hitting the power or the earth rails.

IDQ =10mA
VGSQ is the voltage at the gate when the transistor is operating at the ideal operating value.

Where VP is the Pinch off Voltage,

VGSQ =2V
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Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

RS = 200

RD = 500

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Task 2
In a JFET circuit, half the supply voltage is dropped at the resistor RD. Therefore VD = 5V. The gate bias VGS is the negative volt drop VS across RS, because they start at the ground and end at the JFET source connector. Due to this, there is a negative bias on the gate and a positive bias on the Drain connector. An earth cannot be directly connected to the gate as this would create a short circuit, which would stop the signal to be amplified. In spite of this, the same effect can be made by connecting a very large resistor from the gate and the ground, with a value of approximately 1M to be precise, hence RG. With this resistor in place, the only DC current through RG is the leakage current from the P-N gate to the source junction. This is called the junction leakage current, and is expressed by VG=0. The drain voltage is not important, provided there are enough volts to saturate the channels. The important values are the drain current ID and the gate voltage VGS. The maximum possible drain current id called the saturation current IDSS and is achieved when the gate voltage is zero; VGS = 0. Ideally the operation point value IDQ is worked out as half of IDSS so the output has the best chance to swing without hitting the power or earth rails. Halving the maximum drain current puts the gate voltage (VGS) a quarter (0.25) of the pinch off voltage value, therefore, .

Since: VS = ID RS And: VGS = -ID RS Therefore: The operating point is where the JFET characteristics cross the load line. When this occurs, the minority poles in the N-type channel are attracted to the relative negative bias on the gate. Figure 3 shows the operating point of the JFET.

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Figure 3: Operational characteristics of a JFET.

Equations for operating point

Therefore;

Hence:

Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

Task 3

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Benjamin Tariro Badza

Design of a Common Source Audio Amplifier

References
Web Pages used
Reference 1: http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14179/css/14179_157.htm 14/03/11 17.56 Figure 2: http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets_pdf/2/N/3/8/2N3819.shtml 14/03/11 19.18

Books Used

http://ampdesigns.tripod.com/FET_Amp_Designing.html

http://www.eng.mu.edu/jacobyf/eece142/JFET_SSA_Design.pdf

for bandbass (extra capacitor 2n)put VAC in at 50 mv, and when u run, add trace db(outputy/input)

imput impendance Vsin in again and run RMS(Vin/C1) take capacitor out out put impendance (capacitor is in) Load out an put Vsin in there and set it to 0 50mv and 1 KHZ and the original 0 0mV and 1 Khz, Rms(Vout/Rms (newVsin)

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