CONTENTS

GSM TYPES RADIO FREQUENCY GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900 GSM OPERATORS IN PAKISTAN PHYSICAL CHANNEL NETWORK OVERVIEW

Dec 3, 2005

Author : Kashif Riaz

GSM TYPES
On the basis of frequency GSM Network has three types: GSM 900 GSM 1800 [Digital Communication System] GSM 1900 [Primary Communication System] Mono-band GSM networks are those which operate on one of the three GSM frequency bands. Dual-band networks are those which operate on any two of the three GSM Frequency bands. Currently, in Pakistan Four dual band networks [GSM 900 + GSM 1800] are in operation.
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 2

RADIO SPECTRUM
AM
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4

Marine

Short Wave - International Broadcast - Amateur

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

CB
26 28 30 MHz

VHF LOW Band

30 40 50 60 70 80

FM
90 100 120

VHF

VHF TV 7-13
180 200 240 300 MHz

140 160

Cellular UHF
0.3 0.4 0.5

GSM1800, GSM1900 GPS

UHF TV 14-69
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.4

3.0 GHz

10

12

14

16

18 20

24

30 GHz

Broadcasting Dec 3, 2005 Land-Mobile

Aeronautical Author : Kashif Riaz Mobile Telephony

Terrestrial Microwave Satellite 3

RADIO FREQUENCY
RF Portion of Electromagnetic Spectrum in which electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current [AC] fed to antenna.

GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 transmission takes place in UHF Band.
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 4

Medium
Medium is defined as the means by which information is sent or received between two devices to make communication possible. Guided Medium Physical wire like Twisted Pair Cable (Shielded / Unshielded] Coaxial Cable for broadband communication like Cable TV Fiber Optic Un-Guided Medium Wireless Communication like GSM, AMPS Broadcast Radio Microwave Unidirectional transmission
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 5

GSM 900
European Telecom authorities primarily reserved two frequency bands of 25MHZ bandwidth for GSM 900 transmission all over the world. 890MHZ --- 915MHZ [25MHZ] MS to Base Station Transmission 935MHZ --- 960MHZ [25MHZ] Base Station to MS Transmission For Up/Reverse Link For Down/Forward Link

The Extended GSM 900 band or E-GSM = P-GSM + 2 x [10MHZ] The Railway GSM 900 band for Railway Companies is R-GSM = E-GSM + 2 x [4MHZ] Duplex Channel Spacing of 45MHZ between Uplink and Downlink Channels.
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 6

GSM 1800
In 1990 a newly allocated band of twice 75MHZ bandwidth was formed for the Digital Communication System which is a version of GSM suited to the 1800MHZ frequency band and was initiated in United Kingdom. 1710MHZ --- 1785MHZ [75MHZ] MS to Base Station Transmission 1805MHZ --- 1880MHZ [75MHZ] Base Station to MS Transmission For Up/Reverse Link

For Down/Forward Link

Duplex Channel Spacing of 95MHZ between uplink and downlink channels.

Dec 3, 2005

Author : Kashif Riaz

GSM 1900
A newly allocated band of twice 60MHZ bandwidth was formed for the transmission of GSM1900. 1850MHZ --- 1910MHZ [60MHZ] MS to Base Station Transmission 1930MHZ --- 1990MHZ [60MHZ] Base Station to MS Transmission For Up/Reverse Link

For Down/Forward Link

Duplex Channel Spacing of 80MHZ between uplink and downlink channels.

Dec 3, 2005

Author : Kashif Riaz

GSM RADIO SPECTRUM

Uplink
915 915 876 880 890 915 P-GSM E-GSM R-GSM 921 925 935 960 960 960 1805 1880 1930 1990 GSM 1800 GSM 1900 1710 1785 1850 1910

Downlink
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz

MHz
9

GSM OPERATORS
In Pakistan Currently there are five GSM Operators. MOBILINK GSM UFONE GSM PAKTEL- GSM TELENOR WARID TELECOM [GSM 900,1800] [GSM 900,1800] [E-GSM] [GSM 900,1800] [GSM 900,1800]

Dec 3, 2005

Author : Kashif Riaz

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GSM OPERATORS
GSM operators in Pakistan are allocated portion of frequency from GSM 900 and GSM 1800 frequency bands for their Network Operation.
GSM Operator
MOBILINK UFONE PAKTEL TELENOR AL-WARID

GSM 900 [Uplink / Downlink] MHZ

907.5-915 / 952.5-960 894.9-902.5 / 939.9-947.5 880-890 / 925-935 [E-GSM] 902.6-907.4 / 947.6-952.4 890-894.8 / 935-939.8

Channels [U/D]
37 / 37 37 / 37 50 / 50 24 / 24 24 / 24

GSM Operator
MOBILINK UFONE PAKTEL TELENOR Dec 3, 2005 AL-WARID

GSM 1800 [Uplink / Downlink] MHZ

1733.9-1739.9 / 1828.9-1834.9 1718.9-1724.9 / 1813.9-1819.9 Non Dual Band Operator 1725-1733.8 / 1820-1828.8 Author : / 1805-1813.8 1710-1718.8 Kashif Riaz

Channels[U/D]
30 / 30 30 / 30 Not Used 48 / 48 48 / 48 11

PHYSICAL CHANNEL
GSM Physical Channel bandwidth is 200KHZ. A Physical Channel is a combination of ARFCN [Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number] and TS [Time Slot] and is used to carry information on Air /Um/Radio Interface between Mobile and Base Station.. GSM 900 consists of two 25MHZ frequency bands one each for uplink and downlink transmission resulting in 124 Duplex Channels to carry traffic and signaling information between Mobile and Base Station. GSM 1800 consists of two 75MHZ frequency bands one each for uplink and downlink transmission resulting in 374 Duplex Channels to carry traffic and signaling information between Mobile and Base Station. GSM 1900 consists of two 60MHZ frequency bands one each for uplink and downlink transmission resulting in 299 Duplex Channels to carry traffic and signaling information between Mobile and Base Station.
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 12

GSM BAND ALLOCATION

GSM systems Uplink Downlink Band Duplex Spacing 45 45 45 95 80 Duplex channels 124 174 194 374 299

GSM 900 E-GSM (900) R-GSM (900) GSM 1800 GSM 1900

890-915 880-915 876-915 1710-1785 1850-1910

935-960 925-960 921-960 1805-1880 1930-1990

2x25 2x35 2x39 2x75 2x60

Frequencies are in MHz

Carrier frequency = ARFCN = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 13

NETWORK OVERVIEW
A GSM system is designed as a combination of three major subsystems: BSS [Base Station Subsystem] NSS [Network Switching Subsystem] OSS [Operation Support Subsystem] BSS consists of equipment and functions that are related to the management of connection on radio path. BSS consists of following functional units: BTS [Base Transceiver Station] BSC [Base Station Controller] TCU [Trans Coder Unit] [Optional] NSS is built on the switch called MSC [Mobile Switching Center] and includes equipment related to end-to-end calls, mobility and interfaces with PSTN. OSS mainly contains OMC-S [Operation and Maintenance Center-Switch] and OMC-R [Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio]. It is connected to all the equipment in switching system and to the BSC.
Dec 3, 2005 Author : Kashif Riaz 14

NETWORK OVERVIEW
BTS

BSS
BSC

NSS
MSC

PSTN

MS

Dec 3, 2005

OMC-R : Kashif Riaz OMC-S Author

OSS

15

TRAFFIC / SIGNALLING
GSM Network carries two types of information:
Traffic Signaling [It concerns all user-to-user information, it can be voice or Data] [Information required by Network for its own working]

Dec 3, 2005

Author : Kashif Riaz

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THANK YOU!

Dec 3, 2005

Author : Kashif Riaz

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