ARTS & Crafts.

Time period: (1830 1895)

Definition of movement:
A movement aimed towards reviving the use of local handcrafts and materials local materials. The movement was initiated in large part by thinkers and designers as an idea of social reform, in opposition to the rising technological/ machine driven methods of production to return to human based production and design systems. The main push of the Arts and Crafts movement was one toward locally made, high quality, often unique products, of natural materials. From this push the recognisable' Arts and Crafts style emerged. '

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thorsen_House_Window.JPG Thorsen House

Designed by Henry and Charles Greene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merrill_Hall_Asilomar_edit1.jpg Asilomar Conference Grounds Designed by Julia Morgan

http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/pasadena-gamble-house-los-angelesca626.jpg Gamble House, Pasadena, California, Greene and Greene, 1909

Blackwood house, Melbourne, Butler and Ussher Architects, 1891

Stylistic features: '

Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, houses have many of these features: Wood, stone, or stucco siding Low-pitched roof Wide eaves with triangular brackets Exposed roof rafters Porch with thick square or round columns Stone porch supports

Exterior chimney made with stone Open floor plans; few hallways Numerous windows Some windows with stained or leaded glass Beamed ceilings Dark wood wainscoting and moldings Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating from site:
http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/ig/House-Styles/arts-crafts007.--2w.htm

Influences:
Rejection of Classical architecture, and the revival of the Gothic style. Also reacting against the intricate and overly adorned style of Victrian architecture, Arts and Crafts designers had a preferance for simple and unadorned forms. Rebellion against industrialisation and mass production by machines of the industrial revolution Leading figures believed in a socialist or utopian society, striving for good quality of life for all, including art for the people, by the people. Nostalgia for the medieval age seen as the golden age of creativity and freedom. Artists and craftsman were viewed as equals; art was no longer a separate or superior activity. The revival of craftsmanship, honesty in construction and truth to materials.

International Architects
Charles Robert Ashbee Herbert Tudor Bucklnd T.J. Cobden-Sanderson Walter Crane Nelson Dawson Christopher Dresser Dirk Van Erp Ernest Gimson Greene & Greene Elbert Hubbard

Australian Architects
George Ingham Butler and Ussher

Yep, ive always liked Arts and Crafts with the use of natural light an timbers, interiors seem warm, homely and comfortable.