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Q#1: A survey was conducted and the details of CAs in the industry were collected : Total: 2600. Percentage wise distribution of different Queries are: Name Age Address Experience Phone Email 100% 80% 50% 40% 50% 90% For example, of the total number of CAs of only 50% viz, 1300 people gave their experiences. 1: For at most how many CAs exactly five of six features are available: (1)1300 (2)1950 (3)2000 (4)1820 (5)None of the above. Solution: Number of CAs with atleast 1 query + Number of CAs with atleast 2 query + Number of CAs with atleast 3 query + Number of CAs with atleast 4 query + Number of CAs with atleast 5 query + Number of CAs with atleast 6 query = 100% + 80% + 50% + 40% + 50% + 90% = 410% = If we want to maximize the number of CAs with exactly five query, then number of CAs with exactly six query should be minimized to zero if possible. Also note that number of CAs with atleast one, two, three or four query cannot be less than those with atleast five queries. (410 - 100 - 90 - 80)/2 = 70% So Maximum of 70% i.e. 1820 out of 2600 CAs have answered to exactly 5 queries. Modus Operandi:
If we want to maximise exactly five then atleast six will be minimum(zero if possible) and atleast one, two, three and four equal to or almost equal to atleast five as these values can't go lower than atleast five. Now in this case: If I am making exactly six to be zero then I need to divide 41% in five categories and for maximum value of exactly five I will distribute 410 equally i.e. 410/5 = 82% each. But least value for 'atleast one' is 100%. So removing that one figure, using same logic as earlier, I will divide remaining 310% (410% - 100%) equally in four categories i.e. 310/4 = 77.5% each. But again least value for 'atleast two' is 90%. So going by same reasoning, remaining 220% (410% - 100% - 90%) should be divided equally in remaing three categories i.e. 220/3 = 73.3% each. Oh No! Once more the least value for 'atleast three' is 80%. Now removing this one, I need to divide the remaining 140% (410% - 100% - 90% - 80%) equally in remaining two categories i.e. 140/2 = 70% each. Therefore the maximum number for exactly 5 is 70% of 2600 = 1820 Note:
This would be true, If the greatest value > 50% & If the sum of the two greatest value > 100% Otherwise, you have to workout the minimum value on atleast 2 and atleast 3.
Q#2: The following table gives the number of students who secured more than 90% marks in each of the five subjects from class 6th to 10th at a school in year 2006 class/subject english physics chemistry maths biology 6th 7th 8th 9th 12 15 7 10 16 22 18 19 15 22 16 15 22 21 23 22 18 15 17 18
10th
15
25
21
29
16
The number of students in the different classes in the year were as below Class 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th No. of students 30 35 28 36 40
Q1- In the class 7th the number of students who scored more than 90% in at least two of the five subjects is at least a)12 these b)15 c)18 d)20 e)none of
For class 7th, number of students scoring more than 90% in atleast (one + two + three + four + five) subjects = 15 + 22 + 22 + 21 + 15 = 95. As I want to minimize the figure for atleast two, atleast one must be maximized i.e. 35 and the remaining 60 (95 - 35) must be divided equally in remaining four categories that means 60/4 = 15 each. Hence option (b) is correct. Q2-The number of students in class 10th who scored more than 90% in exactly three subjects is at most a)32 these b)34 c)35 d)38 e)none of
For class 10th, number of students scoring more than 90% in atleast (one + two + three + four + five) subjects = 15 + 25 + 21 + 29 + 16 = 106. As I want to maximize exactly three, I will try to minimize the figures for atleast 4 and 5. So distributing equal and maximum values atleastone , two and three i.e. [106/3] = 35 each. Now I am left with 1 which can be assigned
to atleast 1 so getting the value for exactly three as35 . Hence option (c) is correct. Q3-The no. of students who scored more than 90% in exactly four subjects in all the four classes together is at most a)28 b)61 c)96 d)101 e)none of these
Atleast(1+2+3+4) in 6th,7th,8th,9th&10th follows in order, 22+21+21+20 24+24+24+23 23+20+19+19 22+21+21+20 29+26+26+25 Therefore, total = 20+23+19+20+25 = 107 Q4- The number of students in class 6th who scored more than 90% in at most two subjects is at mosta)19 Ans: 22 b)21 c)22 d)26 e)30