OBJECTIVE 1. To familiarize with concept of Impact Test methods, equipments. 2.

To determine the value of impact toughness for specific given materials. 3. To develop understanding of ductile and brittle materials properties and their behavior. APPARATUS Charpy Impact Testing Machine, Anvil, Centering Tongs, Samples. STANDARDS ASTM E23-02

INTRODUCTION Metal behaves quite differently when they are loaded suddenly than when they are load slowly in tensile test. Due to this fact impact test considered as basic mechanical test for materials. Brittle fracture is rapid propagation of crack without any plastic deformation under a load less than yield point. Under certain circumstances ductile material also behavies like brittle material. Yield stress increases as temperature decrease. At very low temp. metal fracture before yielding point. Impact test are used to calculate the absorbing energy at the time of sudden impact. And beside this we can also see the temperature transition of metal between ductile and brittle nature. Pendulum Impact test In this test the specimen is positioned across the lowest point in the path of a striker mounted at the end of a pendulum. The striker, having been initially lifted to a specific height h1, and then released, swings against the specimen and breaks it. The striker continues its swing to the other side of the specimen to a height h2. Clearly the difference between the two heights multiplied by the weight of the striker corresponds to the amount of energy that is absorbed in fracture. it has two type of it 1) Charpy Impact 2) Izod Impact

This is assembly of simple pendulum impact test. Charpy Impact Test The Charpys Impact Test was invented by Georges Augustine Albert Charpys (1865-1945). In this Test our specimen is a simply supported beam( in izod it is cantilever ). PROCEDURE:The procedure of the impact test contains following steps.

1. Checked the specimen dimensions and ascertained that it satisfied our standards. 2. Checked the impact test machine so that it was in working condition. 3. Before starting experiment we checked zero condition for test machine. For this we raised the pendulum up to latched position and release the pendulum. Machine should show zero reading value here but due to windage and friction losses there is always some value of impact energy. So for final result in the experiment we have to correct that error to get accurate answer. 4. For each specimen we put it on the specimen support against the anvils with the help of self centering tongs. 5. Raised the pendulum to its latched position and set energy indicator at maximum scale reading. Then released the pendulum and noted down readings from the indicator. 6. We have done both step 4 and 5 again for all specimen one by one. 7. If there is thermally conducting specimen also then we have to perform the experiment procedure in time of 5-10 sec. 8. To get correct readings for each specimen , initially pendulum must be at its latched position. Check the values at its stationary position that they are same as we checked in step1. 9. In the experiment procedure we have to ensure safety of us due to pendulum or any part of specimen during running experiment . 10. After completing experiment ensure about functionality of machine and shut it down completely. 2

SPECIMEN:- There are different types of specimen available for this impact test. Specimen always taken from a material which is suitable for application. Type of specimen also depend on largely material properties. There are different specimens for ferrous and nonferrous materials. Dimension:- dimension of specimen are standard. There are some fix designations for specimens. Dimensions of standard specimen are like this l. length- 55 mm 2. width- 10 mm 3. height- 10mm The dimensions also have their fix designations like below 1. L-Axis coincident with grain flow direction is called longitudinal axis. 2. S-Axis coincident with direction of main working force is called shorttransverse-direction. 3. T-Axis which is normal to these axis is called transverse direction.

There are different types of notches are also used in charpy impact test. 1. V-notched eg. Brass 2. Saw notched eg. Aluminum 3. Key-notched eg. Mild steel Designs of these are like below

In our experiment we used 6 specimen. Aluminium, brass, mild steel. 2 of each we used.

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:we observe these points for different types of specimen. 1. Absorbed energy 2. Impact strength First when we checked our zero condition of machine our reading are like below 1. Current angle of pendulum -148.5o 2. Absorbed energy-2.30 J 3. Impact strength-28.80 4. Pendulum energy150 As we performed experiment values of angle of pendulum and pendulum energy were constant in whole experiment. Rest two values changed according to specimen. From the experiment we got following values for differ specimen. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Specimen Al 1 Al 2 Brass 1 Brass 2 Mild steel 1 Mild steel 2 Notch Saw Saw V V Key key Absorbed E 3.92 3.67 0.67 0.52 8.9 8.9 Impact strength 49.02 45.90 8.35 6.48 111.20 111.20 Finally Unbreak Unbreak Break Break Break unbreak