World Coal Reserve

IEA
STATISTICS
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International
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Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market
trends in the world coal sector. This reference document brings together essential
statistics on coal. It therefore provides a strong foundation for policy and market
analysis, which in turn can better inform the policy decision process toward selecting
policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international objectives.
An Introduction, notes, definitions and auxiliary information are provided in Part I.
Part II of the publication provides a review of the world coal market in 2009, while
Part III provides a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal
production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard
coal trade and hard coal prices. Part IV provides, in tabular and graphic form,
a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current
coal developments in OECD member countries, by region and individually.
Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal
supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide.
Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented
on 16 major non-OECD coal-producing and -consuming countries.
Coal Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications
on major energy sources; other reports are Electricity Information,
Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Renewables Information.
(61 2010 08 1 P1) 165

ISBN 978-92-64-08420-9
-:HSTCQE=U]YWU^:
&2$/
,1)250$7,21
2010
with 2009 data
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in
November 1974. Its mandate is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member
countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member
countries on sound energy policy.
The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 28 advanced
economies, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports.
The Agency aims to:
n Secure member countries access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular,
through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions.
n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection
in a global context particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute
to climate change.
n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of
energy data.
n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies
and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy
efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies.
n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement
and dialogue with non-member countries, industry,
international organisations and other stakeholders.
OECD/IEA, 2010
International Energy Agency
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75739 Paris Cedex 15, France
IEA member countries:

Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
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Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Please note that this publication

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The European Commission

also participates in
the work of the IEA.
COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... I.9
2. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... I.11
Energy sources and flows ................................................................................................................................. I.11

Units and conversions ....................................................................................................................................... I.15
Factors related to specific fuels ........................................................................................................................ I.16
3. Sources and notes .................................................................................................................................. I.17
General notes .................................................................................................................................................... I.17

Price data .......................................................................................................................................................... I.18
Quarterly energy statistics ................................................................................................................................ I.19
Data sources ...................................................................................................................................................... I.19
4. Country notes.......................................................................................................................................... I.21
5. Geographical coverage .......................................................................................................................... I.27
6. Abbreviations, conversion factors and calorific values ..................................................................... I.29
PART II: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

1. Summary .................................................................................................................................................... II.3
2. Production ................................................................................................................................................. II.5
3. Consumption ............................................................................................................................................. II.9
4. Trade ........................................................................................................................................................ II.13
5. Prices ....................................................................................................................................................... II.19
6. CO2 emissions (2007)............................................................................................................................. II.25
7. Coal Upgrading: (An extract from an IEA Clean Coal Centre Report) ............................................... II.29
PART III: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

1. Production
Table 1.1:
Table 1.2:
Table 1.3:
Table 1.4:
Table 1.5:
World hard coal production ......................................................................................................... III.5

World coking coal production ...................................................................................................... III.7
World steam coal production........................................................................................................ III.8
World brown coal production..................................................................................................... III.10
OECD production of coke oven coke ......................................................................................... III.12
2. Consumption
Table 2.1:
Table 2.2:
Table 2.3:
Table 2.4:
Table 2.5:
World hard coal consumption .................................................................................................... III.15

World coking coal consumption ................................................................................................. III.18
World steam coal consumption .................................................................................................. III.20
World brown coal consumption ................................................................................................. III.23
OECD consumption of coke oven coke ..................................................................................... III.25
I.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I
3. Trade
Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade ................................................................................................... III.29

Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade ......................................................................................................... III.29
Table 3.3: World steam coal trade ............................................................................................................... III.30
Table 3.4: World coking coal trade ............................................................................................................. III.30
Table 3.5: World hard coal imports - regional aggregates .......................................................................... III.31
Table 3.6: World brown coal imports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.31
Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries ............................................................................. III.32
Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.32
Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.33
Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates ........................................................................ III.33
Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries ......................................................................... III.34
Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries ........................................................................... III.34
Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports ................................................................................................. III.35
Table 3.14: World hard coal exports - regional aggregates .......................................................................... III.36
Table 3.15: World brown coal exports - regional aggregates ........................................................................ III.36
Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries.............................................................................. III.37
Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.37
Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.38
Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates ......................................................................... III.38
Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.39
Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries ........................................................................... III.39
Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports .................................................................................................. III.40
4. Prices
Table 4.1:
Table 4.2:
Table 4.3:
Table 4.4:
Table 4.5:
Table 4.6:
Table 4.7:
Table 4.8:
Table 4.9:
Japan coking coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.43

EU coking coal import costs from selected countries ................................................................ III.43
Japan steam coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.44
EU steam coal import costs from selected countries .................................................................. III.44
Steam coal export costs .............................................................................................................. III.45
Coking coal export costs ............................................................................................................ III.45
Coking coal prices for industry .................................................................................................. III.46
Steam coal prices for industry .................................................................................................... III.47
Steam coal prices for electricity generation ............................................................................... III.48
5. Coal for other uses
Table 5.1:
Table 5.2:
Table 5.3:
Table 5.4:
OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity ......................................................... III.51

OECD coal use for electricity production and heat sold ............................................................ III.52
OECD coal use in coke ovens .................................................................................................... III.53
World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals ..................................................... III.53
6. Figures
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Figure 9:
Figure 10:
Figure 11:
Figure 12:
Figure 13:
Figure 14:
World steam and coking coal production ................................................................................... III.57

World steam and coking coal trade ............................................................................................ III.57
Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ............................................. III.58
Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ............................................... III.58
Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t)................................................................... III.59
Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (mt) ...................................... III.59
OECD total primary energy supply ............................................................................................ III.60
OECD coal consumption and indicators .................................................................................... III.60
Japan steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ..................................................... III.61
EU member states steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ................................. III.61
Hard coal production by region .................................................................................................. III.62
Hard coal consumption by region............................................................................................... III.62
Hard coal imports by region ....................................................................................................... III.63
Hard coal exports by region ....................................................................................................... III.63
PART IV: DETAILED OECD COAL DATA

Directory of part IV figures and tables ............. IV.3
OECD Total .......................................................... IV.5
OECD North America ......................................... IV.15
OECD/IEA Pacific .............................................. IV.24
OECD Europe ..................................................... IV.33
IEA Total ............................................................ IV.43
IEA North America ............................................. IV.52
IEA Europe ......................................................... IV.61
Australia .............................................................. IV.70
Austria ................................................................. IV.79
Belgium ............................................................... IV.87
Canada................................................................. IV.96
Czech Republic ................................................. IV.105
Denmark ............................................................ IV.114
Finland .............................................................. IV.123
France ................................................................ IV.131
Germany............................................................ IV.140
Greece ............................................................... IV.150
Hungary............................................................. IV.158
Iceland ............................................................... IV.165

Ireland ................................................................ IV.172
Italy.................................................................... IV.180
Japan .................................................................. IV.188
Korea ................................................................. IV.196
Luxembourg ...................................................... IV.204
Mexico ............................................................... IV.211
Netherlands........................................................ IV.218
New Zealand...................................................... IV.228
Norway .............................................................. IV.235
Poland ................................................................ IV.243
Portugal ............................................................. IV.252
Slovak Republic ................................................ IV.260
Spain .................................................................. IV.267
Sweden .............................................................. IV.275
Switzerland ........................................................ IV.283
Turkey ............................................................... IV.290
United Kingdom ................................................ IV.297
United States...................................................... IV.306
PART V: NON-OECD COAL DATA

General notes ......................................................... V.3
World coal supply and end-use statistics 1980,
1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005 to 2008 ............... V.5
National coal balances and trade statistics:
Brazil ..................................................................... V.14
Bulgaria ................................................................. V.16
China, Peoples Republic of.................................. V.18
Chinese Taipei....................................................... V.22
Colombia ............................................................... V.24
Hong Kong, China ................................................ V.27

India ...................................................................... V.29
Indonesia .............................................................. V.31
Israel ..................................................................... V.34
Kazakhstan ........................................................... V.36
Romania................................................................ V.40
Russian Federation ............................................... V.42
South Africa ......................................................... V.45
Ukraine ................................................................. V.48
Venezuela ............................................................. V.52
Vietnam ................................................................ V.54
PART I
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
IEA Coal Information 2010 is the latest edition of an
annual publication intended to provide sound market
information on coal to policy and market analysts, and
those employed in all sectors of the coal industry.
by region and individually. In addition, calorific values used for preparing national energy balances, and
exchange rates used for the reporting of prices in US
dollars are presented.
This monitoring and reporting of historical trends and

current energy market situation provides a strong
foundation for policy and market analysis, to better
inform the policy decision process toward selecting
policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and/or international objectives.
Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries

summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use
statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for
selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD
coal producing and consuming countries.
IEA Coal Information 2010 brings together in one

volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on
coal supply, consumption, trade and prices. It also
includes information on coal by-products.
Part I provides important documentation that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication, and to understand the details of statistical
methodology and collection practices related to the
coal data.
Part II of the publication provides a review of world
coal market developments in 2009. It covers world
coal production and coal reserves, coal consumption
by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and
hard coal prices.
This edition of the Coal Information publication will
also acquaint the reader with work at the IEA Clean
Coal Centre - a group set up under the IEAs Technology Implementing Agreement Framework, and in
particular a report on coal upgrading.
Part III provides the reference tables to the Part II review on coal production, consumption, trade and
prices.
Part IV provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more
detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of coal
developments in 30 of the 311 OECD member countries,
1. Chile became an OECD member on the 7th of May 2010, so is not
included in any OECD data for the 2010 Edition.
OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of

Energy Statistics that are based on annual and quarterly submissions from OECD Member countries to
the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the
IEA Secretariat works closely with national administration to secure consistency in all time series, with
particular regard for IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. This effort is supplemented by
surveys of energy industry publications, national statistics reports and other material. The finalized data
provide the basis for IEA/OECD Energy Balances of
OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD
Countries.
The non-OECD data are based upon information
collected by the IEA Secretariat, official national
submissions to the United Nations in Geneva and
New York, and national energy publications. The
resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of
Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries. Users of this publication are
directed to the Methodology Section of those
publications for more detail on individual nonMember countries covered in the publication.
Price data in Parts II, III and IV are derived from the
quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Readers should consult this IEA/OECD publication for
detailed information on methodology, data coverage
and data sources.
OECD coal balances and statistics, including itemized

import and export data are available on CD-ROM,
along with world supply data. Information on ordering
CD-ROM and other energy statistics publications is
available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at http://www.iea.org.
In addition, a data service is available on the internet,
which provides unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data on
a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at
http://data.iea.org.
Further information on reporting methodologies is
also available on the IEA Web site.
Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by
Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD coal statistics in the
ESD were the responsibility of Mr. Julian Smith.
Ms. Wendy Chen contributed to Part II, Part III and
Part V. Mr. Robert Schnapp had overall responsibility
for this publication.
Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the

non-OECD Member countries section headed by
Ms. Roberta Quadrelli, and to the OECD Balances
section headed by Ms. Karen Tranton.
The Secretariat would also like to thank the IEA
Clean Coal Centre, and in particular Dr. Stia Nunes
and Dr. John Topper for providing the feature article
excerpt.
Editorial and desktop publishing support from Ms. Sharon
Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged.
Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome
and should be addressed to:
Robert Schnapp or Julian Smith
Energy Statistics Division,
9, rue de la Fdration
Telephone: (33) (1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 65 41
Telefax:
(33) (1) 40 57 66 49
E-mail:
coalaq@iea.org
The IEA is currently working with a group of 24 international organisations that collect or use energy statistics.
The purpose of this group, called InterEnerStat, is to improve the quality of energy data by harmonising definitions for energy sources and flows. As a result of this work, the IEA has made some small changes in the terminology that do not affect the definitions. A few examples include:
transformation sector becomes transformation processes
energy sector becomes energy industry own use
2. DEFINITIONS
Energy sources
Coal
Coal is a family name for a variety of solid organic
fuels and refers to a whole range of combustible
sedimentary rock materials spanning a continuous
quality scale. For convenience, this continuous series
is often divided into four categories:
!
!
!
!
Anthracite
Bituminous coal
Sub-bituminous coal
Lignite/brown coal
In cases where data are presented in Mtoe or Mtce in

this book and sourced to OECD/IEA Energy Balances, the term Coal includes all primary coal types
(including hard coal and brown coal), peat and coal
products (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas
coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas,
and oxygen steel furnace gas).
Classification of different types of coal into practical
categories for use at an international level is difficult
for two reasons:
Divisions between coal categories vary between classification systems, both national and international,
based on calorific value, volatile matter content, fixed
carbon content, caking and coking properties, or some
combination of two or more of these criteria.
Although the relative value of the coals within a particular category depends on the degree of dilution by
moisture and ash and contamination by sulphur, chlorine, phosphorous and certain trace elements, these
factors do not affect the divisions between categories.
Coal quality can vary and it is not always possible to
ensure that available descriptive and analytical information is truly representative of the body of coal to
which it refers.
The International Coal Classification of the Economic

Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) recognises two
broad categories of coal:
i) Hard coal - Coal of gross calorific value greater
than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash-free but
moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of
vitrinite of at least 0.6.
ii) Brown coal - Non-agglomerating coal with a gross
calorific value less than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t)
containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on
a dry mineral matter free basis.
The IEA has adopted these definitions of hard coal
and brown coal in this book and in other publications
for presenting statistics relating to coal production,
trade and consumption.
It should be stressed that this classification system is
based on the inherent qualities of the coal in question
and not on the final use of the coal. In this way the
classification system attempts to be objective and
simple to apply.
Primary coal used in pulverised (or granular) coal
injection in blast furnaces is commonly abbreviated to
PCI (or GCI) coal. (In this book PCI includes GCI).
The IEA does not have a separate category for PCI as
the term defines a particular end-use for coal. In IEA
statistics, PCI is included in steam coal (except for
Japan where it is included with coking coal).
Data presented in this book may be different from that
presented in the national publications of individual
countries because the countries may have adopted a
different coal classification and reporting system that
better suits their particular national needs. As far as
possible, national coal statistics reported by the IEA in
this book and in other publications have been adjusted
to be consistent with the IEA definitions noted above.
Furthermore, in order to improve the information base

for coal market analysis and projections, these two
categories of coal have been further sub-divided in
IEA/OECD Coal Statistics from 1978 as follows:
Hard coal
Hard coal is calculated as the sum of coking coal and
steam coal.
! Coking coal: hard coal with a quality that allows
the production of coke suitable to support a blast
furnace charge.
! Steam coal: all other hard coal not classified as
coking coal. Also included are recovered slurries,
middlings and other low-grade coal products not
further classified by type. Coal of this quality is
also commonly known as thermal coal.
Note that for the countries listed below, steam
coal also includes sub-bituminous coal - Australia,
Belgium, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea,
Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United States.
Except for these 11 countries, steam coal for all other
countries in the world is equivalent to the sum of anthracite and other bituminous coal.
Brown coal/lignite
Brown coal is calculated as the sum of subbituminous coal and lignite. Oil Shale mined and
combusted directly is also reported as lignite. (Shale
Oil is reported as Other Hydrocarbons)
! Sub-bituminous coal: non-agglomerating coals
with a gross calorific value between 4 165 kcal/kg
(17.4 GJ/t) and 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an
ash-free but moist basis.
! Lignite: non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t) on
an ash-free but moist basis.
Coal products
Derived solid fuels are products resulting from the
transformation or manufacturing of hard coal, brown
coal or other primary solid fuels, sometimes with the
addition of other materials.
Patent fuel
Patent fuel is a composition fuel manufactured from
coal fines by shaping with the addition of a binding
agent such as pitch.
Coke oven coke

Coke oven coke is the solid product obtained from the
carbonisation of coal, principally coking coal, at high
temperature. Semi-coke, the solid product obtained
from the carbonisation of coal at low temperature is
also included along with coke and semi-coke made
from lignite.
Gas coke
Gas coke is a by-product of hard coal used for production of town gas in gas works. Gas coke is used for
heating purposes.
Coal tar
Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the destructive
distillation of bituminous coal to make coke in the
coke oven process. Coal tar can also be the result of
low-temperature carbonisation of brown coal. Coal tar
can be further distilled into different organic products
(e.g. benzene, toluene, naphthalene), which normally
would be reported as a feedstock to the petrochemical
industry.
Brown coal briquettes (BKB)
Note that for 11 countries (listed above), subbituminous coal is included in steam coal and not
brown coal.
BKB are composition fuels manufactured from brown

coal. The brown coal is crushed, dried and moulded
under high pressure into an even shaped briquette
without the addition of binders. Peat briquettes, dried
brown coke, fines and dust and brown coal breeze are
also included.
Peat
Coke oven gas
Peat is a combustible soft, porous or compressed fossil sedimentary deposit of plant origin with high water
content (up to 90 per cent in the raw state), easily cut,
of light to dark brown colour.
Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of solid

fuel carbonisation and gasification operations carried
out by coke producers and iron and steel plants not
connected with gas works and municipal gas plants.
Blast furnace gas

Blast furnace gas is obtained as a by-product in operating blast furnaces; recovered on leaving the furnace
and used partly within the plant and partly in other
steel industry processes or used in power stations
equipped to burn it.
Oxygen steel furnace gas

Oxygen steel furnace gas is obtained as a by-product
of the production of steel in an oxygen furnace; it is
recovered on leaving the furnace. The gas is also
known as converter gas, LD gas or BOS gas.
Heat and electricity

Data collection has been expanded to obtain more
disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of combined heat and power and on district heating. Data
on heat became available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated country data should
be used with caution. Total electricity production includes production from both main activity producers
(formerly known as public) and autoproducers. Generally, the split of total electricity production between
main activity producers and autoproducers is available
only after 1973. However, for the United States no
data are available for autoproducers prior to 1989. For
Australia, Japan and New Zealand electricity data
refer to fiscal years.
Flows: energy balance
and associated products, inputs from other fuel types

(such as pitch for patent fuels, or oil, gas and renewable inputs to blast furnaces) will not be recorded, nor
will electricity generated, both of which differ from a
full energy balance.
The energy balance flows detailed below have the
following functions, and may appear in other tables:
Supply
Production
Production is the production of primary energy,
i.e. hard coal, lignite/brown coal, peat, shale oil, etc.
Production is calculated after the removal of impurities. It is important to note that derived products such
as coke oven coke and patent fuel, while included in
the balances, do not appear in production.
Imports and exports

Imports and exports comprise amounts having
crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place.
Coal in transit is not included.
Stock changes
Stock changes reflects the difference between opening
stock levels on the first day of the year and closing
levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national
territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock
build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw
as a positive number.
Coal balances are presented in detail in Parts IV and

V. In Part IV, Table 5 presents uses in the rows and
selected years in the columns. Data is presented in
millions of tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). One
tonne of coal equivalent is 7 million kilocalories.
Total primary energy supply
Each table is divided into three main parts: the first

shows supply elements, the second shows the transformation processes and energy industries, and the
third shows final consumption broken down into various end-use sectors.
Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels, as
they appear in the basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences that arise because of
the variety of conversion factors in the coal and oil
columns. See the introduction to Energy Statistics of
OECD Countries for further details.
Both primary fuels such as coal and peat, and derived

fuels such as coke oven coke and blast furnace gas are
included in the calculations. However, derived products manifest themselves as positive outputs in the
relevant transformation process used to create them,
and generally they should be less than the inputs,
which results in a net negative entry in the transformation flow. Given that this balance is restricted to coal
Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of

production + imports - exports stock changes.
Statistical differences
Transformation processes
Transformation processes record the transformation of
one kind of fuel or energy into another with both inputs and outputs being measured. This may bridge
several transformation processes, for instance:
! Coking coal used to manufacture coke oven coke

would be reported as a negative input to the coke
oven transformation process.
! The resulting coke oven coke, coal tar and coke
oven gas would be reported as a positive output to
the coke oven transformation process flow.
! Energy inputs from other sources, including electricity will not be reported in this particular instance, so numbers may not be indicative of true
efficiencies, but rather map the flow of coal.
! The coke oven coke will largely be used to produce pig-iron in a blast furnace, so will be reported
where used and mainly as an input to the blast furnace transformation process.
! The by-product blast furnace gas will appear as an
output in the blast furnace transformation flow.
However, a significant amount of energy is consumed in the process of making the pig-iron, so the
net negative value in the blast furnace transformation flow will tend to be approximately 60% of the
total energy inputs.
! The blast furnace gas (and coal tar and coke oven
gas) will likewise be reported where used. Some of
this will appear in the relevant consumption flows,
other parts might be used to generate electricity
and appear in electricity transformation.
autoproducer2 plants are included here. Electricity

plants are plants which are designed to produce electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP
unit (and the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis) then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant.
Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs
to electricity production are taken into account, while
only the part of fuel inputs to heat sold is shown. Fuel
inputs for the production of heat consumed within the
autoproducer's establishment are not included here but
are included with figures for the final consumption
of fuels in the appropriate consuming sector.
Heat plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) are designed to produce heat only, which is sold
to a third party under the provisions of a contract.
Heat pumps that are operated within the residential
sector where the heat is not sold are not considered a
transformation process and are not included here the
electricity consumption appears as residential use.
Other transformation
Other transformation covers non-specified transformation and transformations not shown elsewhere such
as coal liquefaction.
Energy industry own use
! In a complete energy balance, the electricity generated would be converted to the appropriate energy unit and reported as a positive output in the
applicable electricity transformation flow. This is
not the case in the coal balance, so the number
displayed in the electricity transformation flow is
the fuel input, not the process efficiency loss.
Energy industry own use contains the primary and

secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC3 05, 06, 19 and 35, Group 091 and
Classes 0892 and 0721]. These quantities are shown
as negative figures. Included here is, for example,
own use of energy in coal mines.
The main transformation processes reported either

make a derived coal product or by-product and have
been described earlier in the Energy sources section or
are mentioned below.
Losses
Electricity and heat generation
Consumption
Electricity and heat generation can refer to electricity

plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP),
or heat plants. Both main activity producer1 and
1. Main activity producer generate electricity and/or heat for sale to

third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public
grid.
Losses includes losses in gas distribution, flaring or

venting of manufactured gases, electricity transmission and coal transport.
Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors.
2. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly

or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary
activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.
3. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic
Activities, Series M, No. 4 / Rev. 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.
Industry consumption is specified in the following

sub-sectors (energy used for transport by industry is
not included here but is reported under transport):
Iron and steel
ISIC Group 241 and

Class 2431
Chemical and
petrochemical industry
ISIC Divisions 20 and 21]

excluding petrochemical
feedstocks
Non-ferrous metals
ISIC Group 242 and Class

2432
Non-metallic minerals
such as glass, ceramic,

cement, etc. ISIC Division 23
Transport equipment
ISIC Divisions 29 and 30
Machinery
comprises fabricated metal

products, machinery and
equipment other than
transport equipment ISIC
Divisions 25 to 28
Mining (excluding fuels)

and quarrying
ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and

Group 099
Food and tobacco
ISIC Divisions 10 to 12
Paper, pulp and printing
ISIC Divisions 17 and 18
Wood and wood products
(other than pulp and paper)

ISIC Division 16
Construction
Textile and leather
Non-specified
any manufacturing industry

not included above) ISIC
Divisions 22, 31 and 32
Note: Most countries have
difficulties supplying an
industrial breakdown for all
fuels. In these cases, the
non-specified industry row
has been used. Regional
aggregates of industrial
consumption should therefore
be used with caution.
Transport includes all fuels used for the transport

[ISIC Divisions 49 to 51] of goods or persons between
points of departure and destination within the national
territory irrespective of the economic sector within
which the activity occurs.
Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56,
58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 8588, 90-96 and 99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecified consumption.
Units and conversions

Conversion (to toe and tce)
Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a
common energy unit, the ton of oil equivalent (toe). A
ton of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ),
a convenient measure because it is approximately the
net heat content of one ton of average crude oil. This
unit is used by the IEA/OECD in its energy balances.
Note also that totals may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding.
The change from using the original unit to tonne of oil
equivalent implies choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy.
This problem can be approached in many different
ways. For example, one could adopt a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all
countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard
coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil, etc.
The main objection to this method is that it results in
distortions since there is a wide spread in calorific
values between types of coal and individual coal
products, and between calorific values of these fuels
in different countries.
The Secretariat has therefore obtained specific calorific factors supplied by the national administrations
for the main categories of each quality of coal and for
each flow or use (i.e. production, imports, exports,
electricity generation, coke ovens, blast furnaces and
industry). The set of particular national calorific values that allow for the conversion of energy sources
from original (physical) units to Joules are presented
in the table on page 31 in Part I.
The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific
value. The difference between net and gross being the
latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net calorific value is usually around 5 per cent less than gross
and for most forms of natural and manufactured gas
the difference is 9-10 per cent. The use of net calorific
value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical
Offices of the European Communities and the United
Nations.
In this report some data are reported in terms of tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) because this unit is more
widely used in the international coal industry. A tonne

of coal equivalent is defined as 7 million kilocalories.
The relation between tonne of oil equivalent (toe) and
tonne of coal equivalent (tce) is therefore:
1 tce = 0.7 toe
Note that billion refers to thousand million (109).
Also, in many cases totals shown in the tables may not
be the sum of their components due to independent
rounding.
Factors related to specific

fuels
Coal
Separate net calorific values for coal production, imports, exports, inputs to power plants, coal used in
coke ovens, coal used in blast furnaces, coal used in
industry and coal other uses are submitted annually by
national administrations to the Secretariat. Conversion
factors for average net calorific value for each OECD
member country for 2008 are shown in the table on
page 31 in Part I.
Gas
In the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of
OECD Countries all data on gases are expressed in
terajoules, on the basis of their gross calorific value.
1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe.

To calculate the net heat content of a gas from its
gross heat content, multiply the gross heat content by
the appropriate following factor:
Natural gas
Gas works gas
Coke oven gas
Blast furnace gas
Oxygen steel furnace gas
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
Electricity
Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of
the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe.
Hydro-electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal
means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.), are accounted
for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. However,
the primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is
calculated from the gross generation by assuming a
33% efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 0.33) Mtoe. In
the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat
the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an
efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 0.1) Mtoe,
unless the actual value is known.
Heat
Information on heat is supplied to the Secretariat in
terajoules.
3. SOURCES AND NOTES

General notes
Energy data for OECD countries in IEA Secretariat
databases begin in 1960 with the following
exceptions for coal: for Hungary data begin in 1965;
for the Czech Republic, Korea, Mexico and the
Slovak Republic, data are available from 1971.
Chile became a member country of the OECD with
effect from 7 May 2010. Since the preparation of the
annual statistics publications was well on its way at
that stage, data for Chile have not been included in
OECD totals for the 2010 edition and will continue to
be included in Latin America with the OECD nonmember countries. The IEA Secretariat is working
closely with the Chilean Administration, for incorporating Chile into OECD totals in the 2011 edition.
Prior to 1970, German statistics refer to the former
Federal Republic of Germany. Data from 1970 include the new federal states of Germany.
The fuels listed as Solar, wind, tide include wave
and ocean, unless otherwise noted.
Energy flows data reported for 2009 (shown as 2009e)
are preliminary estimates based on the submissions
received in early 2010 and on quarterly submissions
to the IEA from member countries.
Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this
publication are based on available data at the time of
publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD
data to be published in Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries.
Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy
Balances of OECD Countries 2010 Edition and
Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2010 Edition.
Preliminary 2009 data - 2009e

Data reported for the year 2009 in this publication are
preliminary and presented as 2009e. Final 2009 data
on solid fuels and manufactured gases will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in
annual questionnaires in late 2010. As a result, final
data for 2009 and preliminary 2010 data will be published in the 2011 edition of Coal Information in July
2011.
Selected coal data for 2009 for some non-OECD
countries have been estimated by the Secretariat.
Qualifiers
Data marked as e are estimates of the IEA secretariat. Data marked as c mean that the data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data
marked as .. mean that data are not available (either
not collected or not submitted by national government). Data marked as x mean that they are not applicable or there is no meaningful explanation of a
value there (for example, the price cannot be shown if
there was no trade or if the consumption in the country is forbidden).
Treatment of blast furnace coke and PCI

data
Data on coke used and pulverised coal injected in the
blast furnace (PCI) are harmonized for all OECD
countries in order to ensure that steam and coking coal
consumption data are consistently presented and that
comparisons between countries for consumption are
meaningful. The main effect of these revisions has
been to revise the reported consumption of coal in the
iron and steel industry.
It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal trade
and consumption, PCI is not separately specified;
rather it is included with steam coal for all countries
(except Japan). This classification is based on the fact

that most PCI coal is of a steam coal quality and not
coking coal quality. For Japan, PCI consumption is
reported in this book as a coking coal in order to be
consistent with the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal.
Price data
Energy prices are published quarterly in the
IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. IEA data on
coal prices are managed in two sub-systems: They
vary not only in content but also with respect to the
data collection methods.
! Import and export unit values
! End-user prices
Import and export unit values

Import and export unit values are calculated quarterly
(March, June, September and December) from national customs statistics import and export volumes
and values. The basic data are collected from monthly
national trade sources (Japan, United States, Australia
and Canada) or provided monthly to the IEA by the
Statistical Office of the European Communities
(Eurostat).
Values recorded at the import stage are the sum of
cost, insurance and freight (CIF) but exclude import
duties. Values recorded at the export stage (FOB),
exclude seaborne or international transport, but include inland transport costs of the exporting country.
As far as possible the concept of general imports and
exports is used. This includes coal imports for reexport with or without processing but excludes transit
trade.
The definitions of coal categories and the volume and
value units used in each of the above source systems
vary considerably. A certain amount of regrouping
and unit conversions is necessary once the basic data
are compiled.
The rules for regrouping coal categories are consistent
with the definitions used in the annual IEA/OECD
coal statistics. Prices are compiled for steam coal and
for coking coal. Definitions and the correspondence to
national and European classifications are discussed in
detail in the quarterly IEA publication Energy Prices
and Taxes. Comments in Energy Prices and Taxes on
certain data items as well as general background information are developed systematically. Data comments
relate mainly to calorific values of specific coal trade

flows, and to national coal definitions. Background
information covers duties and trade regulations.
End-user prices
End-user prices are collected quarterly from national
administrations and other relevant bodies and supplemented with data extracted from national publications.
Although a standard approach to reporting the data
has been developed, differences in definitions between countries are explained in the notes published
in Energy Prices and Taxes.
The standard approach to reporting end-use prices can
be summarised as follows:
! include transport costs to the consumer;
! show prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; and
! include taxes which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the transaction and which are not
refundable. This excludes value added tax paid in
many European countries by industry (including
electric power stations) for all goods and services
(including energy). In these cases value added tax
is refunded to the customer, usually in the form of
a tax credit. Therefore it is not shown as part of
prices.
A standard coal quality for international comparisons
of end-use prices is not possible given the wide variety of coal qualities in domestic and international coal
trade. As a result, only average prices covering different qualities are collected, along with the calorific
value of these average qualities. If average prices are
not available, prices of a selected coal may be chosen.
Accordingly, international comparisons of coal enduse prices may be misleading. Detailed notes concerning these price series are published in Energy Prices
and Taxes. Also please refer to Energy Prices and
Taxes for the detailed description of price mechanisms
in each country and country specific notes.
Derived price data

The information collected on prices is converted by
the IEA Secretariat into a variety of secondary data in
order to facilitate its analysis. Inter-fuel price comparisons for one country are usually made on the basis
of prices per heat unit such as a tonne of coal equivalent. (In the end-user price tables, the conversion factor used for converting gross calories to net calories
for natural gas is 0.9).
Inter-country price comparisons are made on the basis
of a standard currency unit, e.g., US dollars. Prices for
regional totals are calculated as weighted average of

available price data in the region and therefore prices
shown should be considered only indicative.
Data sources
Historical data (1960-2008)
Quarterly energy statistics

Readers who are interested in very recent data should
consult the OECD/IEA publication Oil, Gas Coal and
Electricity Quarterly Statistics which is published in
January, March, June and September each year.
The annual historical data in Part III of this report are

taken from the IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics which are based on annual submissions from all
OECD Member countries.
i) IEA/OECD coal statistics
The information contained in this publication consists of:
This database of annual statistics for OECD countries

covers all primary solid fuels, derived fuels and related manufactured gases. It contains detailed supply/
demand balances for each fuel, as well as information
on coal trade by origin and destination. The main data
from this system are published annually in the
IEA/OECD publication Coal Information.
Oil
ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics
Production of crude oil and NGL for the major

producers in the world.
Refinery balances for crude oil, NGL, refinery

feedstocks, and total (including inputs of origin
other than crude oil and NGL);
Complete product balances of production, trade,

refinery intake and output, final consumption,
stock levels and changes;

covers generating capacity and electricity production
from main activity producers and autoproducers
plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for
electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data
from this system are published annually in the
IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.
Crude, NGL and feedstock imports from 47 origins and exports to 24 destinations; and
Trade data for main product groups, LPG and

naphtha; imports from 44 origins and exports to 30
destinations.
This book provides rapid, accurate and detailed statistics on quarterly production, supply and demand and
trade of the major energy forms mainly in, but not
limited to, the OECD area.
Natural gas
iii) IEA/OECD oil and gas statistics

covers crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks and natural
gas, as well as derived oil products. It includes detailed supply/demand balances, trade by origin and
destination and stock levels and changes.
Balances of supply and consumption of OECD

member Countries; and
The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Oil Information
and Natural Gas Information.
Imports from 28 origins and exports to 20 destinations.
iv) IEA/OECD renewables statistics
Coal
-
World hard coal and brown coal production;
World steam coal and coking coal trade; and
Coking coal and steam coal imports and exports

for major OECD countries.
Electricity
-
Electricity production, (separately from combustible fuel, nuclear, hydro and other sources) imports,
exports and (apparent) consumption in 30 OECD
member countries.

covers hydro, solid biomass, geothermal, renewable
municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, solar
photovoltaics, solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean, nonrenewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It
includes detailed supply/demand balances.
The main data from this system are published annually
in the IEA/OECD publication Renewables Information.
v) IEA/OECD energy statistics

This annual database integrates data from the four
IEA/OECD statistical database systems listed above to
provide a summary of energy supply and demand for

each OECD country. It includes detailed statistics on production, trade and consumption for each source of energy,
expressed in original units (e.g. metric tons, TJ, GWh).
The main data from this data system are published
annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in this publication.
vi) IEA/OECD energy balances

Overall energy balances are constructed annually for
all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics
described above. The overall energy balance data are
expressed in a common energy unit of tons of oil
equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix
format. The balances are published annually in the
IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD
Countries in which detailed country notes referring to
historical data can be found.
vii) IEA/OECD energy prices and taxes

The statistics are discussed separately below. The
prices and taxes are published quarterly in IEA/OECD
Energy Prices and Taxes.
viii) Energy statistics of non-OECD countries

The annual historical data for non-OECD countries
presented in Part IV of this report are taken from
IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics of nonOECD countries. These databases are compiled from
data submitted annually to the IEA Secretariat in
questionnaires from non-OECD Member countries of
the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UN ECE), from data provided by other international
organisations (the United Nations in New York, the
Organizacin Latinoamericana de Energa (OLADE)
in Quito, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) in Tokyo and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome,
etc), from direct communications with national administrations, industry contacts and from published
sources.
The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics
of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to
historical data can be found in these publications.
4. COUNTRY NOTES
In many cases data submitted by Member countries to
the Secretariat do not conform to the standard reporting methodology or have other particular characteristics. Information set out below will assist readers to
interpret data for particular countries and aid in the
comparison of data among countries.
Australia
All data refer to the fiscal year, (e.g. July 2007 to June
2008 for 2008). For the 2002 data, the Australian
Administration has started to use a new survey methodology which has caused shifts in the structure of
industry consumption. The Australian Administration
is planning to revise the historical series.
Data on blast furnace gas for electricity production by
autoproducers begins in 1986. Consumption in wood
and wood products is included in paper, pulp and print
from 2001 onwards. The drop in BKB production in
2004 was due to a fire in the main production plant.
Domestic production and consumption of anthracite is
reported as bituminous coal.
Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.
Austria
Historical revisions by the Austrian Administration
have resulted in some breaks in series between 1989
and 1990.
Other bituminous coal includes hard coal briquettes:
Trockenkohle is included with BKB because of its
high calorific value. Since 1994, gas works gas is reported
with natural gas because it is distributed in the same
network. The amount of gas works gas is negligible
and it is mostly consumed by households. The last

lignite mine closed in the second quarter of 2004 and
lignite usage for power generation ceased in 2006.
Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.
Belgium
Sub-bituminous coal data refer to recovered coal
products. Production of other bituminous coal ceased
on 31 August 1992. Production includes the recuperation of coal from coal dumps. The use of coke oven
gas in the chemical and petrochemical industry ceased
in 1996. The decrease of bituminous coal and coke
oven coke in the iron and steel industry in 2002 is due
to the closure of several plants.
Canada
Due to the unavailability of data, non-energy use of
coke oven coke and hard coal is included with final
consumption sectors prior to 1978 and 1980 respectively. Before 1978, lignite inputs to main activity
producer heat plants are included in final consumption. Starting in 1979, these inputs are included in
main activity producer electricity plants. Due to a
Canadian confidentiality law, it is not possible for the
Canadian Administration to submit disaggregated series for all of the coal types. Between 2002 and 2006,
the IEA Secretariat has estimated some of the missing
series. The data for 2007 onwards are given directly
as reported. The Canadian Administration is planning
to further refine its reporting.
Czech Republic
Data are available starting in 1971.
End-use consumption data were submitted by the
Czech Administration starting with 1996 data. Due to
economic restructuring in the end-use consumption
sectors in the late 1990s (large state enterprises subdividing and/or privatising and the utilisation of new
technologies by businesses), there may be breaks in
the time series in these sectors. Prior to 1993, consumption was estimated by the Secretariat. Data for
1990 to 1995 were estimated based on the Czech publication Energy Economy Year Book. In 1995, town
gas production ceased. Beginning in 1996, the Czech
Administration reported gas works gas in autoproducer CHP. In 1997, coke oven gas consumption in
chemical and petrochemical stopped. Also in 1997,
other bituminous coal started being extracted at a
deeper level, which increased the calorific value of
this coal. Revisions by the Czech Administration have
resulted in some breaks in the series between 2001
and 2002. Production from other sources of other bituminous coal in 2004 are coal slurries.
Sub-bituminous coal is included in other bituminous
coal. What was previously classified as subbituminous coal until the 2008 edition is reported under lignite for all years.
Denmark
In the 2004 edition, major revisions were made by the
Danish Administration for the 1990 to 2001 data,
which may cause breaks in the time series between
1989 and 1990.
A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a drought in Scandinavia. Thermal power
plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was
exported to other countries in the region.
Finland
A new survey system and a reclassification of the data
lead to breaks in the time series between 1999 and
2000 for most products and sectors. The new survey
system is more detailed and has improved product

coverage especially in electricity, CHP and heat production, as well as in industry.
A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a drought in Scandinavia. Thermal power
plants were operated more intensively to replace
hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the
country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity
was exported to other countries in the region. Likewise, peat production is highly dependant upon favourable weather conditions and pricing of other fuels. The decrease in peat and other bituminous coal
usage in main activity electricity plants was due to
record electricity generation from hydro plants.
The first coking plant started operation in 1987, hence
imports of coking coal and production of coke oven
coke and coke oven gas started in that year. The increase of other bituminous coal inputs into main activity producer electricity plants from 1993 to 1994 was
due to coal replacing imported electricity and hydro
power. Production of gas works gas ceased in April
1994.
France
Prior to 1985, consumption of colliery gas is included
with the use of coke oven gas by autoproducers. Final
consumption in industry is estimated by the Secretariat from 1986 to 2001 for some products. For 1989
to 1998, the Secretariat has estimated industry consumption based on Consommations dEnergie dans
lIndustrie, SESSI. BKB data for 1994 are Secretariat
estimates.
Germany
German data include the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards.
Figures for quantities used for non-energy purposes
became available from 1970. Prior to this, non-energy
uses are included with consumption in the respective
final consumption sectors. Due to the reclassification
of several sectors by the German Administration,
breaks in the series may occur between 1990 and
1992; this particularly affects BKB, lignite and coke
oven coke. BKB inputs to gas works plants stopped in
1997. Breaks in the series may occur between 1998

and 1999 for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Up
until 2003, other bituminous coal includes anthracite.
Breaks in the series for coke oven gas from 2007 are
due to a change in statistical source. Consumption of
non-renewable municipal waste and other solid biomass as a reductant occurs in German blast furnaces,
but is not currently quantified. Likewise, coal tar is a
by-product of coke ovens, but not currently reported.
Greece
Electricity production using hard coal ceased in 1989.
A new main activity electricity plant using imported
bituminous coal was brought on-line in 1991. Production of gas works gas ceased in 1997. Lignite has been
used in main activity producer CHP plants since 1997.
Hungary
Data are available from 1965.
Due to the sale of an autoproducer power plant,
breaks in the series occur for coke oven gas and blast
furnace gas between 1997 and 1998. From 1999, the
production of sub-bituminous coal has been included
with lignite/brown coal due to the low quality of the
coal. The use of this domestic coal in main activity
producer electricity and CHP plants has also been
reclassified to lignite/brown coal. The time series for
coke oven coke transformed into blast furnace gas and
consumed for energy purposes in the iron and steel
industry have been adjusted by the IEA using standard
modelling.
Iceland
Prior to 1970, final consumption includes inputs and
outputs to heat production. The industrial classifications used by the Icelandic Administration were
changed in 1987. Final consumption increased in
2000 due to a new iron and steel plant coming on-line.
Icelandic data for 2008 and 2009e were estimated by
the Secretariat in the 2010 edition.
Ireland
Production data for peat briquettes (reported as BKB)
are available from 1975. Low production of peat in
1985 was due to a poor harvest. The production of
gas works gas ceased in 1987 due to fuel switching to
natural gas. Other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants increased from 1986
due to three new generating units at Moneypoint coming on-line. A reclassification causes a break in the
series for own use of peat from 1989 to 1990. Patent
fuel data from 2007 is confidential.
Italy
From 2000 onwards, the Italian Administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as
including generation from producers consuming more
than 70% of their own production. However, for the
2000 to 2002 period, all electricity production from
autoproducers is reported with main activity producers.
From 1986 onwards, figures from lignite are given
using the same methodology as in the Bilancio Energetico Nazionale. In 1991, all industrial activities
were reclassified on the basis of ISTAT/NACE 91.
This has implied some transfers of activities which
may result in some anomalies between 1991 and earlier years. Due to a change in the survey system,
breaks in the series may occur between 1997 and 1998
for final consumption. From 2000 onwards, the Italian
Administration defines electricity production from
autoproducers as including generation from producers
consuming more than 70% of their own production.
Some oxygen steel furnace gas is reported under blast
furnace gas for 2007 and 2008.
Japan
For four consecutive years, the IEA received revisions
from the Japanese Administration. The first set of revisions received in 2004 increased the 1990 supply by
5% for coal, 2% for natural gas and 0.7% for oil compared to the previous data. This led to an increase of
2.5% in 1990 CO2 emissions calculated using the reference approach while the sectoral approach remained
fairly constant. For the 2006 edition, the IEA received
revisions to the coal and oil data which have had a

significant impact on both the energy data and the
CO2 emissions. The most significant revisions occurred for coke oven coke, naphtha, blast furnace gas
and petroleum coke. These revisions affected consumption rather than supply in the years concerned.
As a result, the sectoral approach CO2 emissions have
increased for all the years, however at different rates.
For example, the sectoral approach CO2 emissions for
1990 were 4.6% higher than those calculated for the
2005 edition while the 2003 emissions were 1.1%
higher than those of the previous edition.
Due to the impact these successive revisions have had
on the final energy balance as well as on CO2 emissions, the IEA was in close contact with the Japanese
Administration to better understand the reasons behind these changes. These changes were mainly due to
the Government of Japan's efforts to improve the inputoutput balances in the production of oil products and
coal products in response to inquiries from the
UNFCCC Secretariat. To address this issue, the
Japanese Administration established a working group
in March 2004. The working group completed its work
in April 2006. Many of its conclusions were incorporated in the 2006 edition, but some further revisions to
the time series (especially in the industry and other
sectors) were submitted for the 2007 edition.
Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year
basis (e.g. April 2008 to March 2009 for 2008).
From 1982, residential use of coke oven coke is included in commercial/public services. Oxygen steel
furnace gas data are available from 1982. From 1998,
inputs of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen
steel furnace gas into autoproducer electricity plants
include the amount used to produce electricity with
TRT technology (top pressure recovery turbines)
which was previously included in industry. Starting in
1990, the inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces as
well as the final consumption of coke oven coke in the
iron and steel industry have been estimated by the
IEA Secretariat.
differences in hard coal since 2004 are primarily due

to deliberate stock build by final consumers.
Korea
Data are available from 1971.
Data for 2002 have been reported on a different basis,
causing breaks in the series between 2001 and 2002,
especially for inputs and outputs to electricity generation and consumption in the iron and steel industry.
The Korean Administration is planning to revise the
historical series as time and resources permit.
Data for coal and coal products from 1971 to 2001 are
based on information provided by the Korean Administration, as well as information from the Yearbook of Energy Statistics 2002, the Yearbook of Coal
Statistics 2001 (both from the Ministry of Commerce,
Industry and Energy), and Statistics of Electric Power
in Korea 2001 (from the Korea Electric Power Corporation). Patent fuel series have been estimated by the
Secretariat up to 2001. Data on sub-bituminous coal
were estimated by the Secretariat based on statistics of
the exporting countries. Coal tar production exists
prior to 2007, however, the data have not been finalised. Consumption of imported coke oven coke is reported under non-specified industry. Coke oven gas
and blast furnace gas used for energy purposes in coke
ovens prior to 2002 and in blast furnaces prior to 2007
are reported in the iron and steel industry.
Luxembourg
Steel production from blast furnaces ceased at the end
of 1997 and as a consequence, Luxembourg no longer
uses coke oven coke and blast furnace gas. Some import data is unavoidably attributed to the penultimate
country of transit rather than the country of origin.
Coal injected in blast furnaces (PCI) is classified as

coking coal in order to be consistent with Japanese
trade statistics. With the 2008 edition, Japan has reclassified part of the coal inputs to coke ovens as inputs to blast furnaces.
In the 2010 edition, the net calorific values for coal

have been recalculated by the IEA secretariat based
upon gross values submitted by Japan and conversion
factors used by the IEA. Asymmetric statistical
Data are available starting in 1971 and are partly estimated based on the publication Balance Nacional Energa. The Mexican Administration submitted data
directly by questionnaire for the first time with 1992
Mexico
data. As a result, some breaks in series may occur

between 1991 and 1992.
from the kilns and melters. Import origins and export

destinations are derived from partner reports.
Data for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas are reported for the first time in 1999.
Netherlands
In the national statistical system of the Netherlands,
use of fuel in manufacturing industries for CHP production is considered to be consumption in transformation processes. However, in IEA statistics, this own
use for heat production (autoproduced heat) is reported
under the relevant industry sub-sector, based on estimates provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1984 to 1986, production from other sources of
other bituminous coal represents a stock of "smalls"
washed for re-use. Prior to 1989, non-energy use is
included with industry consumption. Paper, pulp and
print includes furniture. The breakdown of anthracite,
coking coal and other bituminous coal has been provided on a preliminary basis and data will be revised.
Coal exports consist of re-exported volumes.
New Zealand
Where data refer to the fiscal year, April 2008 to
March 2009 is shown as 2008.
A reorganisation of government departments during
1987 led to the cessation of certain data series, resulting in several breaks in series between 1987 and 1988.
Production of gas works gas ceased in 1988. Peat,
although produced in New Zealand, is not used as a
fuel. It is used for agricultural purposes only. In final
consumption, some industry data are reported in nonspecified industry for confidentiality reasons; mining
and quarrying is included in agriculture and construction is included with commercial/public services. Until 2001, sub-bituminous coal inputs into autoproducer
CHP refers to coal that is merged with ironsands and
limestone to form the inputs for the multi-hearthfurnaces, kilns and melters to produce direct reduced
iron (Glenbrook Steel Site). Off-gases then drive the
CHP plants. From 2002, these data are reported as
coke oven gas as a by-product of pyrolysis in the
multi-hearth-furnace, and as blast furnace gas obtained
Norway
Production of coking coal, coke oven coke and coke
oven gas ceased in the late 1980s. Other bituminous
coal includes lignite. The decrease of bituminous coal
production in 2005 is due to a fire in one of the coal
mines.
Poland
Portugal
Since 1998, sub-bituminous coal is not used. As of
2000, gas works gas in the commercial/public services
and residential sectors is gradually being replaced by
natural gas. The iron and steel industry closed in the
first quarter of 2001, leading to decreases in supply
and consumption of coking coal, coke oven coke,
coke oven gas and blast furnace gas.
Slovak Republic
Data are available starting in 1971.
There are some breaks in series between 1992 and
1993. A new survey system in 2001 leads to major
breaks in series for most products. Data in Commercial and Public Services includes national statistical
differences.
Spain
Other bituminous coal use in the iron and steel industry ceased in 1991 and started again in 1996. Consumption of BKB also ended in 1991. Consumption of
blast furnace gas in the chemical industry stopped in
1993 while chemical industry use of coke oven gas
ceased between 1993 and 2000. Natural gas inputs

into gas works gas stopped in 1999. Lignite mining
was halted indefinitely in 2008.
Sweden
Other bituminous coal production is coal recovered
during the quarrying of clay. Autoproducer inputs to
waste heat production that is sold are reported in the
respective end-use sectors and not in transformation
processes.
Switzerland
From 1999, data on consumption result from a new
survey and are not comparable with data of previous
years.
The breakdown of industry for 2000 was estimated by
the Secretariat for gas, oil, electricity and heat. From
1985, industrial consumption of gas works gas is reported in non-specified industry to prevent the disclosure of commercially confidential data. Data between
1990 and 2007 were revised for coke oven coke and
other bituminous coal in the 2010 Edition. The breaks
in consumption time series since 2006 are due to an
improved consumer survey.
Turkey
Production of gas works gas declined in 1989 due to
plant closures; the last plant closed in 1994. Use of
gas coke and gas works gas ceased in 1994. Due to
government regulations in industry and residential
sectors in particular, there has been a shift from the
use of domestically produced coal to imported coal
and natural gas. Privatisation of state owned coke ovens in recent years resulted in incomplete information
on coke oven gas distribution. The 2008 data are provided from an improved questionnaire. Significant
changes occur in consumption patterns within the iron

and steel industry and coal mining. This also occurs
across industry, residential and commercial and public
services for other bituminous coal. Some coal used in
cement kilns is reported under construction instead of
non-metallic minerals in 2008. Historical data may be
revised to fit new understanding in future issues.
United Kingdom
Consumption shown for commercial/public services
includes consumption of some non-specified data.
Prior to 1994, the consumption of substitute natural
gas is included with natural gas while its production is
included with gas works gas.
United States
United States includes the 50 states and the District of
Columbia. Imports and exports also include all U.S.
territories (i.e. Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands
and the Hawaiian Trade Zone).
Due to problems in reporting, there are numerous

breaks in series for the U.S. data, particularly in
1992, 1999, 2001 and 2002. Care should be taken
when evaluating consumption by sector since inputs of fuel to autoproducers are included in final
consumption for some years.
Gas works gas production and consumption is included with natural gas starting in 1974. For the period 2002 to 2007, the United States reported "synfuel" production as patent fuel. Prior to 2002, the consumption of this fuel was reported with other bituminous coal. Since the Energy Information Administration and the US Department of Commerce do not collect separate data on patent fuel exports by country,
total exports of patent fuel are included in the exports
of other bituminous coal. This practice ceased in 2007
for economic reasons. Coal tar as a by-product of
coke ovens is not currently reported.
5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
Australia excludes the overseas territories.
Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland.
France includes Monaco but excludes the French
overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane,
Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia
and French Polynesia.
Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican.
Japan includes Okinawa.
The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the
Netherlands Antilles.
Portugal includes the Aores and Madeira.
Spain includes the Canary Islands.
Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein.
United States includes 50 States and the District of
Columbia.
OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands,
New
Zealand,
Norway,
Poland,
Portugal,
Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States,
but currently excludes Chile which became an OECD
member on the 7th of May, 2010.
With the exception of Chile, Iceland and Mexico, all 31
OECD member countries are also member countries of
the IEA. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and therefore exclude non-IEA Members shown in italics below.
The following countries are included in the regional
aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates.
OECD North America comprises Canada, Mexico
and the United States.
OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium,

Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece,
Hungary,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey
and the United Kingdom.
OECD Pacific comprises Australia, Japan, Korea and
New Zealand.
Please note that all OECD Pacific countries are also
members of IEA and therefore we refer to it as
OECD/IEA Pacific.
The European Union - 27 (EU-27) includes Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the
United Kingdom. Please note that in the interest of
having comparable data, all these countries are
included since 1990 despite different entry dates into
the European Union.
Non-OECD Europe includes Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus1, Gibraltar,
1. Note by Turkey:
With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as
stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report
under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island.
There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is
found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its
position concerning the Cyprus issue.
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and
the European Commission:
The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United
Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report
relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the
Republic of Cyprus.
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM),

Malta, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia2 and Slovenia.
Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana (from
1981), Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of
Congo, Cte dIvoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia (from 1991), Nigeria, Senegal,
South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania,
Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa.
Other Africa includes Botswana (until 1980),
Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial
Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho,
Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Namibia (until 1990), Niger, Reunion,
Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Uganda and Western
Sahara (from 1990).
Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile3, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago,
Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America.
Other Latin America includes Antigua and Barbuda,
Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda,
British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica,
Falkland Islands, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico4 (for
natural gas and electricity), St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until
1999.
3. Chile joined the OECD on the 7th of May 2010, however is included under Latin America for the purposes of the 2010 edition.
4. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics for Puerto Rico are
included under the United States.
Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam,

Cambodia (from 1995), Chinese Taipei, India,
Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia (from
1985), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other
Asia.
Other Asia includes Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia
(until 1994), Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, French
Polynesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Maldives, Mongolia
(until 1984), New Caledonia, Palau (from 1994),
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga
and Vanuatu.
China includes the Peoples Republic of China and
Hong Kong (China).
Former Soviet Union5 includes Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran,
Iraq, Israel6, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Please note that the following countries have not been
considered due to lack of data:
! Non-OECD Europe: Liechtenstein7 (except for
oil data), Montenegro8 (after 2004);
! Africa: Saint Helena;
! America: Anguilla;
! Asia and Oceania: Christmas Island, Nauru and
Niue.
5. Data is shown only under Former Soviet Union until 1989. After
1990, data is shown by country only.
6. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the
OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East
Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of
international law.
7. Oil data for Liechtenstein are included under Switzerland.
8. Data for Montenegro are included under Serbia until 2004.
6. ABBREVIATIONS, CONVERSION FACTORS

AND CALORIFIC VALUES
Units and technical abbreviations
t
kt
Mt
toe
Mtoe
tce
Mtce
kcal
MBtu
GWh
USD
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
metric ton = tonne = 1000 kg

thousand tonnes
million tonnes
tonne of oil equivalent
million tonnes of oil equivalent
tonne of coal equivalent (= 0.7 toe)
million tonnes of coal equivalent
kilocalories (103 calories)
million British thermal units
million kilowatt hours
US dollars
CIF
FAS
FOB
GDP
GCV
PCI
TPES
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
cost, insurance and freight

free alongside ship
free on board
Gross Domestic Product
gross calorific value
coals for pulverised injection
Total primary energy supply
EU
FSU
OECD
UN
:
:
:
:
European Union
Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Soviet Union
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
United Nations
0 or 0.0 : negligible
c
e
..
x
:
:
:
:
:
confidential
estimated
not available
nil
not applicable
General conversion factors for energy

TJ
To:
Gcal
Mtoe
MBtu
GWh
multiply by:
From:
1
238.8
2.388 x 10-5
947.8
0.2778
Gcal
4.1868 x 10-3
10-7
3.968
1.163 x 10-3
Mtoe
4.1868 x 104
107
3.968 x 107
11630
MBtu
1.0551 x 10
-3
2.931 x 10-4
GWh
3.6
3412
st
lb
TJ
-8
0.252
2.52 x 10
860
8.6 x 10-5
Conversion factors for mass

kg
To:
lt
From:
multiply by:
1
0.001
9.84 x 10-4
1.102 x 10-3
2.2046
tonne (t)
1000
0.984
1.1023
2204.6
long ton (lt)
1016
1.016
1.120
2240.0
short ton (st)
907.2
0.9072
kilogramme (kg)
pound (lb)
0.454
4.54 x 10
0.893
-4
4.46 x 10
-4
2000.0
-4
5.0 x 10
Conversion factors for volume

gal U.S.
To:
gal U.K.
bbl
From:
ft3
m3
multiply by:
U.S. gallon (gal)
0.8327
0.02381
0.1337
3.785
0.0038
U.K. gallon (gal)
1.201
0.02859
0.1605
4.546
0.0045
Barrel (bbl)
42.0
34.97
5.615
159.0
0.159
7.48
6.229
0.1781
28.3
0.0283
0.2642
0.220
0.0063
0.0353
0.001
264.2
220.0
6.289
35.3147
1000.0
Cubic foot (ft )

Litre (l)
3
Cubic metre (m )
Decimal prefixes
101
deca (da)
10-1
deci (d)
102
hecto (h)
10-2
centi (c)
10
-3
milli (m)
10
-6
micro ()
10
-9
nano (n)
10
-12
pico (p)
-15
femto (f)
-18
atto (a)
10
10
10
10
12
10
15
10
18
kilo (k)
mega (M)
giga (G)
tera (T)
peta (P)
exa (E)
10
10
2008 Country specific average net calorific values [kJ/kg]
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Anthracite
Coking
coal
32 432
25 184
27 700
30 000
29 054
27 842
25 619
23 483
29 300
29 300
27 654
27 131
19 322
28 100
27 861
29 134
29 073
29 308
27 049
29 290
29 300
30 500
29 000
31 430
28 050
30 984
27 714
28 261
23 483
28 671
29 467
27 930
30 020
30 000
29 523
28 813
29 107
SubOther
bituminous bituminous
coal
coal
25 700
27 935
25 781
25 514
24 487
25 200
26 000
25 630
25 743
25 717
28 050
27 838
26 587
24 476
24 911
29 300
23 483
24 736
27 590
28 100
22 589
25 451
25 146
23 280
27 400
28 100
24 189
24 965
26 536
18 478
22 200
17 799
24 880
16 578
20 934
19 405
20 980
11 756
18 000
19 433
Lignite
Peat
10 470
8 978
8 370
14 464
12 834
17 000
9 022
6 545
7 534
19 820
10 468
14 100
20 000
14 280
8 684
11 560
6 780
20 100
7 765
14 195
8 800
10 200
9 714
12 500
-
Patent Coke oven Coal tar

fuels
coke
31 003
29 308
32 000
31 400
20 049
28 000
30 875
27 348
25 650
29 000
27 696
27 389
27 800
29 300
29 300
28 000
28 650
29 507
29 485
26 670
29 000
27 930
27 214
26 521
28 500
28 500
28 752
28 050
28 740
30 290
28 080
28 100
29 302
28 310
27 469
41 800
37 236
37 000
38 000
35 482
37 000
41 900
36 604
-
BKB
20 995
19 303
20 097
23 431
21 324
14 201
20 000
18 548
20 100
17 471
23 000
18 736
-
Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics
Coal classification
The IEA collects statistics on coal production, trade and consumption according to a technically precise classification
based on the quality of coal as follows:
!
Coking coal is coal with a quality that allows the production of coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge;
Other bituminous coal and anthracite are non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value greater than
23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) on an ash-free but moist basis;
Sub-bituminous coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value between 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg)
and 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) containing more than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis;
Lignite/brown coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg)
and greater than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis. Oil shale combusted directly is reported in
this category.
However, when publishing these data, the IEA adopts a simplified classification of hard coal and brown coal. The
correspondence is as follows:
!
Hard coal: this is the sum of coking coal and steam coal;
Coking coal is reported in the category coking coal;
Other bituminous coal and anthracite are reported in the category steam coal;
Sub-bituminous coal is reported in the category Brown Coal except for: Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Iceland,
Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, South Korea (Republic of Korea) and the United States where it is included
in steam coal (because of its relatively high calorific value);
Lignite is reported in the category brown coal.
The term Total Coal refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of
coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question (the conversion
factors are submitted by national administrations to the IEA Secretariat each year) by the total volume of hard and brown
coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. One tce has an energy content of 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7 000 kcal
and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).
Defining coal consumption

Energy statistics are compiled and presented to take account of the complexity in the way fuels are used and to avoid
double counting. Misunderstandings can arise when statistics on coal consumption are used because of the particular
terminology used by energy statisticians.
Coal is used in four possible ways:
!
As a primary input to produce electricity or a secondary/tertiary fuel that is used elsewhere or sold - this is referred to
as use in transformation processes;
e.g. coking coal used to produce coke in a coke oven, steam coal used to produce electricity
As a fuel used to support (but not used in) a transformation process - this is referred to as energy industry own use;
e.g. coke oven gas used to heat the coke oven, steam coal used to operate the power plant
As a fuel consumed in manufacturing industry, mining and construction, in transport, in agriculture, in commercial
and public services and in households - this is referred to as use in the final consumption sectors;
e.g. steam coal used to produce heat in cement kilns, steam coal used to produce industrial process steam
As a raw material - this is referred to as non-energy use.

e.g. coal used to produce carbon electrodes for the aluminium industry
In the wider community, the term consumption is commonly understood to include all four of the above end-uses.
However, in this book the term consumption refers only to use in the final consumption sectors (i.e. in the third dot
point above).
COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II - II.1
PART II
WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW
1. SUMMARY
OECD coal production dropped by 6.0% in 2009. This is
the lowest level of OECD coal production since 2003. On
the consumption side, OECD coal consumption fell by
9.6% in 2009 to 1 449.3 Mtce. This level has not been seen
in the OECD countries since 1995 and it was the largest
year-over-year decline experienced by the OECD countries
since OECD data began in 1960. The largest decline prior
to this was 2.6% in 1992.
Though other factors may have contributed, the drop in coal
consumption can to a large extent be explained by the
global recession and slowdown in economic activity. However, the decline in coal consumption was greater than the
OECD 4.2% decline in gross electricity generation and the
4.6% decline in TPES, as the iron and steel industry was
especially hard hit, with coking coal consumption in the
OECD region declining by 19.4%.
In addition, the United States, which was responsible for
40.6% of the electricity produced in the OECD in 2009,
increased generation fuelled by natural gas by 4.2%, while
generation using coal decreased by 10.9% and overall generation fell by 4.2%.
In 2009, total global coal production increased by

2.1% to 6 902.9 Mt, continuing the growth of the last
10 years where 2009 production was 54% higher than
1999 levels. This was driven almost entirely by
growth in hard coal production which was 66% higher
than in 1999.
However, the divergence of coal consumption patterns
between OECD and non-OECD economies in recent
years became particularly pronounced with the recent
financial crisis which commenced in the 4th quarter of
2008. This manifested with amongst other things, a
pronounced decrease in total primary energy supply
(TPES) for OECD countries of 1.2% in 2008, followed by a record 4.6% decrease in 2009. This was
paired with a 2.4% decrease in gross domestic product
(GDP).
Gross electricity production in 2009 in the OECD (including generation from pumped storage plants) was
10 295 TWh, a decrease of 4.2% from 2008 making

2009 production levels the lowest since 2004. Coal
and peat used to generate electricity in OECD countries decreased by 3.1% or 41.5 Mtce to 1 291.8 Mtce.
In addition, the United States experienced an abundance of unconventional natural gas extracted from oil
shale reserves, so while total U.S. gross electricity
production decreased by the OECD average, production from natural gas increased by 4.2%, while production from coal decreased by 10.9%. Consequently,
the proportion of electricity generated from coal in the
United States decreased from 48.8% in 2008 to 45.4%
in 2009.
The downturn in the construction and automobile industries dramatically reduced demand for iron and
steel in the OECD countries. As a consequence, coking coal consumption decreased dramatically in the
OECD region by 37.8 Mt or 19.4% to 157.1 Mt.
(Part III Table 2.2)
This contrasts sharply with the Peoples Republic of
China whose:
! hard coal consumption grew by 15.0% or
402.4 Mt;
! hard coal production grew by 8.7% or 237.0 Mt;
! steel production increased by approximately
68 Mt, which was higher than the entire production for any other country, except for Japan; and
! pig iron production grew by over 15%.
This ensured that globally, hard coal production increased by 3.4% (or 195.7 Mt) when compared to
2008. Brown coal production, however, decreased by
5.4% (or 51.5 Mt) to 913.3 Mt, a little above its 2002
level.
The analysis of proved coal reserve data (Table II.3)
indicates that at the current level of production, there
is approximately 144 years of coal available for supply.
II.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART II
Total global coal consumption increased by 3.3% or

156.1 Mtce in 2009, (Table II.4) which follows a sixyear trend of annual increases averaging 5.8%. The
OECD region consumption share has slipped to
29.6% of the world total in 2009, down from 33.8%
in 2008. This is mainly due to the rapid expansion
and development in non-OECD countries, exacerbated by a 9.6% decrease in OECD coal consumption.
OECD total coal consumption fell by 153.3 Mtce to
1 449.3 Mtce in 2009. The last time the OECD had
lower annual consumption was 1995 and the 2009
level is 4.9% lower than the 1990 level of
1 523.6 Mtce.
Global consumption above appeared to grow faster
(3.3%) than the global production mentioned in the
first paragraph (2.1%). This is because there was increased usage in higher value coals, combined with a
decrease in usage of lower value brown coals. In addition, washing and upgrading of coals is increasing.
Several techniques are discussed in the Coal Upgrading feature article on page II.29.
Amongst the broad classifications of coal, world hard
coal consumption increased by 4.6%, (Part III Table 2.1) steam coal consumption was up 243.6 Mt
(5.0%), (Part III Table 2.3) and world coking coal
consumption was up 19.6 Mt (2.6%) despite the
downturn in OECD countries mentioned earlier.
World brown coal consumption decreased by 5.7%
(Part III Table 2.4) to 909.2 Mt
Global hard coal exports grew by 0.4 Mt in 2009 (Table II.7). Steam coal exports increased by 26.8 Mt or
3.9% in 2009 (Table II.10), while coking coal exports
decreased by 10.2% to 232.3 Mt (Table II.14).
Because of differences in coal classification by trading partners, difficulties in assigning trade to specific
destinations, and because trade is not instantaneous,
import volumes do not exactly match export volumes.
Total hard coal imports volume rose from 907.2 Mt to
926.5 Mt an increase of 2.1% (Table II.8). Steam
coal imports increased 4.0% or 28.1 Mt (Table II.12),

while coking coal imports decreased by 4.2% to
199.1 Mt (Table II.15).
The commodities boom in the early part of 2008 had a
massive effect on coal prices with average CIF import
steam coal prices increasing by 77% in Japan and
68% in the European Union. CIF import coking coal
prices increased by 108% in Japan and 57% in the
EU. Some of the numerous factors influencing price
included: tight supply during a period of record annual consumption, flooding of mines in Australia,
electricity shortages in South Africa and a temporary
halt to Chinese exports to ensure domestic needs.
Commodities tied up the worlds bulk carrier fleet and
shipping costs rose to a historic high in May 2008
only to collapse to around 5% of this value when the
global downturn started to impact.
The subsequent downturn in transport and commodity
pricing was cushioned by unprecedented demand for
imports by the Peoples Republic of China, and prices
returned to around their 2007 levels, which were still
noticeably higher than prices five years earlier.
Regarding CO2 emissions in 2007, coal remains the
largest source of world CO2 emissions, 1.33 Gt
greater than those from oil and over twice those of
natural gas (Figure II.6). Once more, coal-related
emissions increased more rapidly in the non-OECD
countries, and were again led by high growth in the
Peoples Republic of China whose coal consumption
reached 40.7% of global coal consumption in 2007
compared to 26.7% in 2001.
In the OECD, coal-related emissions were still following long-term trends and increasingly used for power
generation as opposed to other industries and sectors
whose shares have declined sharply in the 36 years
since the inception of the IEA. In 2008, the share of
primary coal directly combusted for electricity generation (in tonnage terms) had reached 83.1% in the
OECD, compared to 60.8% in non-OECD countries.
2. PRODUCTION
Developments in world coal
supply in 2008 and 2009
World coal production and use is broadly grouped by
the two main coal types hard coal and brown coal.
Hard coal with a higher thermal value (varying from
coal to coal and depending on the degree of preparation) is economically suited to international trade,
with characteristics making some coals suitable for
metallurgical (coking) uses. Brown coal (lignite and
some sub-bituminous coals) has a much lower thermal
value (the amount depending on the coal type and its
water content) and is suitable largely for power generation locally or to a lesser extent for briquette
manufacturing.
The global economic downturn began to impact in the
4th quarter of 2008. However, it was not immediately
obvious in 2008 data due to the commodities boom in
the earlier parts of the year. In 2009, world hard coal
production increased by 3.4% (compared to 6.5% in
2008) and followed a period encompassing seven
years of record growth, driven predominantly by the
Peoples Republic of China, which still displayed
growth of 8.7% for production in 2009. Total world
hard coal production (including recovered slurries)
reached 5 989.6 Mt, (Table II.1) an increase of
195.7 Mt over the 2008 level. It continued to be
driven by growth in production from the non-OECD
countries with 6.9% (or 294.3 Mt) growth in 2009.
Among the major producing non-OECD countries,
production increased in the Peoples Republic of
China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation,
Vietnam and Korea DPR, but declined in South
Africa, Kazakhstan, Colombia and Ukraine.
The steady increase between 2004 and 2008 for the
OECD hard coal production (reaching a new production
peak in 2008 of 1 532.1 Mt) was dramatically reversed
in 2009 with a decline of 98.7 Mt or 6.4%. Australia

and the United Kingdom were the only two OECD
countries to report increases in hard coal production in
2009. Hard coal production fell in every other OECD
producer including Poland and Germany both for
the sixth year in sucession.
Brown coal production declined by 5.3% (or 51.5 Mt) in
2009 (Table II.2), which returns it to levels last seen in
2004. OECD brown coal production decreased from
616.0 Mt to 586.6 Mt (or 4.8%), while non-OECD
production fell 22.2 Mt to 326.6 Mt. Of note,
Germanys brown coal production decreased by 3.1%
or 5.4 Mt to the lowest since the year 2000, while the
Russian Federations brown coal production decreased to 68.2 Mt, dropping its brown coal production to below that of Turkey.
Overall, world total coal production (hard and brown
coal) increased by 2.1% (or 144.1 Mt) in 2009 to
6 902.9 Mt, following six years of strong growth that
averaged 6.0% per annum. Growth for the years 2003
to 2008, inclusive, was 1 979.3 Mt, or a 41.4% increase over 2002 levels.
World production for hard and brown coal are summarised in Tables II.1 and II.2 later in this narrative, and
provided in more detail in Tables 1.1 and 1.4 in Part III.
Hard coal production

OECD hard coal production declined by 98.7 Mt in
2009 from 1 532.1 Mt in 2008, a 6.4% decrease from
what had been a record level in 2008.
In 1973, the OECD accounted for about 50% of the
world hard coal production. However, since then its
share has continuously declined as more non-OECD
countries have increased their hard coal production.
While OECD production increased throughout the
70s and 80s, its share of world production declined

to about 40% by 1990 and by 2009 it had reduced to
24%. This was largely due to the prodigious expansion of the Chinese market since 2002.
The largest OECD coal-producing region is OECDNorth America, with 67% of the OECD production
(down from 69% in 2008). Nearly 24% of the OECD
production is in the Pacific region (up from 22% in
2008) and the remaining 9% is in the OECD-Europe
region.
Table II.1: Major hard coal producers* [Mt]
PR of China
United States
India
Australia
Indonesia
South Africa
Russian Federation
Kazakhstan
Poland
Colombia
Ukraine
Vietnam
DPR of Korea
Canada
United Kingdom
Other
2007
2 466.4
981.7
454.4
324.6
223.8
247.7
217.9
93.5
88.3
69.9
58.7
42.5
23.9
32.8
17.0
98.4
2008
2 734.4
1 007.2
488.6
325.4
235.1
252.3
222.4
106.2
84.3
73.5
59.5
38.8
25.1
32.8
18.1
90.3
2009e
2 971.4
918.7
526.1
335.2
263.3
247.3
228.6
96.2
78.0
72.9
54.8
42.1
28.6
28.0
18.4
80.0
Total
5441.5
5794.0
5989.6
* Production includes recovered slurries.
Hard coal production in the non-OECD countries increased by 6.9% from 4 261.9 Mt in 2008 to
4 556.2 Mt in 2009. Over 99% of the non-OECD coal
production is accounted for by 10 producing countries.
The Peoples Republic of China1 now accounts for
49.6% of world hard coal production and 65.2% of
non-OECD production. In 2009, its production
reached 2 971.4 Mt, an increase of 237.0 Mt (8.7%)
above its 2008 level. In 2009, growth in hard coal
production was 41.4 Mt higher than the rest of the
world combined. Bearing in mind that the downturn
was more pronounced in the OECD economies, it is
still worth noting that the non-OECD countries excluding the Peoples Republic of China only grew by
57.3 Mt. It should also be noted that the IEA Secretariat
currently incorporates lignite and sub-bituminous coals
in hard coal figures for the Peoples Republic of China
while it is in the process of determining accurate
1. For more information on coal in the Peoples Republic of China, see

pages V.18 to V.21 in this publication and also the IEA Cleaner Coal
in China publication released in April 2009.
figures with Chinese counterparts. When finalised, the

amounts could be noticeable in terms of brown coal
figures, but not so much for the drop in hard coal figures as their entire brown coal production would be
only a minor proportion of their annual growth in coal
production.
Hard coal production in the Peoples Republic of
China has experienced a remarkable recovery since
the late 1990s when the government instituted a series
of company consolidations and mine closures. Their
production has more than doubled since 2000, which
allows the country to meet the fast growing demand
for coal to generate electricity and make steel. However, as a major coal exporter, the Peoples Republic
of China moved from the second largest hard coal
exporter in 2001 to the sixth in 2008 and ninth in
2009. When also taking into account that the Peoples
Republic of China was the sixth largest hard coal importer in 2008, but became the second largest in 2009,
their trade balance moved from net exports of 5.0 Mt
in 2008, to net imports of 114.2 Mt in 2009. Imports
grew dramatically from 40.3 Mt to 137.0 Mt (Table II.8), while exports decreased from 45.3 Mt to
22.8 Mt (Table II.7).
India is the second largest non-OECD hard coal producer and third in the world. India hard coal production increased by 7.7% to 526.1 Mt and follows a
7.5% increase in 2008. Although it dominates South
Asian production, it contains a very high ash quotient
and is almost exclusively consumed domestically.
Indonesia2 produces well over 80% of the hard coal
mined in South-East Asia annually (with another 15%
coming from Vietnam) and it was the fifth largest
hard coal producer in 2009 with coal production
reaching 263.3 Mt, up 12.0% from its 2008 level. Indonesia is also the second largest coal exporter
worldwide behind Australia and the largest exporter
of steam coal since 2005, surpassing Australia.
Brown coal production

Based upon the most recent study from the German
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), the total global economic reserves of
brown coal are about 268.8 billion tons, revised
downwards from estimates in the prior year. Qualities
2. For more information on coal in Indonesia, see pages V.31 to V.33 in

this publication and also the IEAs Energy Policy Review of Indonesia
publication released in November 2008.
and thermal values can vary considerably between

different deposits. Nevertheless, brown coal (lignite)
is an important source of energy supply.
Almost all lignite is mined by opencast operations,
and almost all is used for electricity production in local plants, although smaller amounts are used in some
countries for industry and to produce briquettes for
home heating. In several countries, brown coal is used
to generate over half the countrys electricity production (Estonia (using oil shale), some former Yugoslav
countries, the Czech Republic and Greece) and in others (Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Germany,
Australia and Hungary) significant shares of electricity production are fuelled by lignite.
The production of brown coal decreased in 2009,
down 5.4% from 964.8 Mt to 913.3 Mt (Table II.2).
OECD brown coal production decreased 4.8% to
586.6 Mt, while the non-OECDs production decreased 6.4% to 326.6 Mt. Of note, all three of the
largest brown coal producing countries in the world,
(Germany, Turkey and the Russian Federation) produced less brown coal than in 2008.
Table II.2: Major brown coal producers [Mt]
Germany
Turkey
Russian Federation
United States
Greece
Australia
Poland
Czech Republic
Serbia
Indonesia
Canada
India
Romania
Bulgaria
Thailand
Other
2007
180.4
72.9
71.1
71.3
66.3
65.6
57.5
49.7
37.1
36.7
36.6
34.0
35.8
28.4
18.2
92.0
2008
175.3
76.8
82.5
68.7
65.7
72.4
59.7
47.5
38.7
38.5
34.9
32.4
35.9
29.0
18.0
88.8
2009e
169.9
70.5
68.2
65.8
64.7
64.0
57.1
45.4
38.3
38.2
35.0
34.7
30.6
27.2
17.7
86.0
Total
953.6
964.8
913.3
Following its 1989 peak, brown coal production declined steadily until 1999, largely as a result of contractions of demand and supply in central and Eastern
Europe. Production stabilised from 2000 onwards,
mainly as a result of an increased use for electricity
generation in countries such as Germany, Greece,
Serbia and Montenegro, Romania, India and Canada.
However, the drop in 2009 brown coal production,
down to levels last seen in 2002, was a result of decreased electricity demand due to the global economic
downturn.
Coal resources, reserves

and production
Definitions
Quantification of mineable coal is based on a consideration of geological, mining and economic criteria.
The amount of coal in place and in some cases the
amount of mineable coal is influenced by national
resource measurement criteria. The basis for computation of these resources varies from country to country,
and it must be borne in mind that for this reason, direct comparisons are sometimes not possible. During
the 1990s, there was a considerable discussion on the
adoption of internationally recognised standards for
reporting reserves. This largely stems from the requirements of capital markets for improved transparency in reserve estimation where project financing is
being sought. However, to date there has not been any
adoption of international standards. There are, however, some generally recognised definitions that can
be applied. For example:
! Resources refer to the amount of coal that may be
present in a deposit or a coalfield. This does not
take into account the feasibility of mining the coal
economically. Not all resources are recoverable using current technology. Reserves constitute those
resources that are recoverable.
! Reserves may be defined further in terms of
proved (or measured) reserves, and probable (or
indicated) reserves, based on exploration results
and the degree of confidence in those results.
Probable reserves have been estimated with a
lower degree of confidence than proved reserves.
Estimates take account of coalfields geological
characteristics, in particular the regularity, thickness and quality of seams, the spacing of exploration boreholes and other exposures, and geological
discontinuities such as faults or folding, all of which
affect the practical recoverability of the coal.
! Proved reserves are those reserves that are not only
confidently considered to be recoverable, but also
can also be recovered economically, under current
market conditions. In other words they take into
account what current mining technology can
achieve as well as the economics of recovery (mining, transportation and other relevant recovery
costs such as government royalties, and coal
prices). Proved reserves will therefore fluctuate
according to economic conditions, especially price.
Table II.3: Proved recoverable reserves in 2008 and 2009 production [Mt]
Region
OECD Europe
OECD North America
OECD Pacific
Proved recoverable reserves 2008

Hard coal
Soft brown coal
Total
18 447
237 607
41 111
52 340
33 336
44 050
OECD Total
296 983
Transition Economies
of which: Russian Fed.
123 691
69 946
Peoples Republic of China

Asia
of which: India
Latin America
of which: Colombia
Africa and Middle East
World
Hard coal
70 787
270 943
85 161
134.1
957.2
342.1
129 726
426 709
93 943
91 607
217 634
161 553
180 600
11 000
191 600
90 076
76 372
14 187
4 342
104 263
80 714
9 032
5 298
5 073
-
14 105
5 298
Production 2009
Brown coal
Total
421.6
100.7
64.3
555.8
1 058.0
406.3
1 433.4
586.6
2 020.0
380.2
228.6
207.5
68.2
587.9
296.8
2 971.4
0.0
2 971.4
871.6
526.1
112.6
34.7
984.2
560.8
77.9
72.9
6.0
0.4
83.9
73.3
33 123
33 132
255.0
0.5
255.5
728 436
268 759
997 195
5 989.6
913.3
6 902.9
Sources: Reserves - Bundesanstalt fr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) www.bgr.bund.de

Production - International Energy Agency, Coal Information 2010
Coal reserve estimates

In its most recent study, the German Federal Institute
for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimates the current proved recoverable global coal reserves at 997.2 billion tonnes which was an increase
of 7.3 billion tons from 2008 (Table II.3). The 2008
proved recoverable reserves represent over 144 years
of production at current levels.
An estimate published by the World Energy Council
(WEC) in 1978 set proved coal reserves at 636.4 billion
tonnes. Thus, world proved coal reserves are 57%
larger, or 360.8 billion tonnes higher, than they were
31 years before. This is even though production from
1978 to 2009 is estimated to be 152.1 billion tonnes. It
is also important to note that world hard coal total
resources are estimated to be 15.65 trillion tonnes or
over 15 times proved reserves.
Another estimate published by the WEC on reserves
at the end of 2002 set proved coal reserves at 909.1
billion tonnes. Even though it is difficult to compare
the estimates from two different sources, the increase
observed between the end-2002 coal reserves and the

2008 coal reserves suggests that, as the prices increased, a part of the resources was reallocated to reserves as they became economically recoverable. Also,
2008 saw considerable changes to 2007 proved reserves, particularly for hard coal reserves which increased by 17.8 billion tonnes, mainly due to increases
in the Peoples Republic of China, Asia, and Africa.
Geographic location of proved coal reserves

Although coal resources are widely distributed around
the world3, proved coal reserves tend to be concentrated in the countries which rely on coal for domestic
energy or export revenue. OECD-North America and
the Transition Economy countries controlled 27.2%
and 21.8% of the proved coal reserves, respectively.
About 19.2% of proved reserves are in the Peoples
Republic of China and 10.5% in Asia (excluding the
Peoples Republic of China). Thus, almost 80% of
proved coal reserves are concentrated in just four regions. Looking at hard coal reserves, OECD-North
America contains 32.6% of world reserves and the
same four regions contain 86.8% of reserves.
3. The range of definitions of coal resources and reserves, an overview

of the national classification systems is provided in an Appendix to
Major Coalfields of the World, IEA Coal Research, London, June 2000.
3. CONSUMPTION
This section reviews consumption of total1, hard,
steam and coking coal in 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Table II.4 shows total coal consumption for selected
countries expressed in Mtce.
Total coal consumption

Although competitive cost coal resources are relatively abundant world-wide (contributing to coals use
in many countries, principally for electricity generation), 76.3% of world consumption of coal is accounted for by just five countries: the Peoples Republic of China, the United States, India, the Russian
Federation and Japan. This is an increase from 74.0%
in 2008 (Table II.4). If a second set of five countries is
added to this list South Africa, Germany, Korea,
Australia and Poland, then 86.2% of the world coal
consumption is accounted for.
OECD consumption
OECD coal consumption for 2009 is estimated to be
1 449.3 Mtce, a decrease of 9.6% from the 2008 level
of 1 602.6 Mtce. In 2008, OECD coal consumption
had increased by 5.2% over 1990 levels and
accounted for 33.8% of global consumption. The
dramatic downturn in 2009 brought OECD coal consumption 4.9% under 1990 levels, accounting for
29.6% of global coal consumption.
In the United States, coal consumption is estimated at
695.1 Mtce in 2009, 10.7% less than the level in 2008.
In OECD-Europe, coal consumption is estimated to be
394.3 Mtce in 2009, a 10.8% decrease from the level
of consumption in 2008, following a 6.7% decrease
1. Total coal, discussed in this section, refers to the sum of hard coal
and brown coal, converted to a common energy unit in this case
million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).
when compared to 2007. The largest decline in consumption was 11.2 Mtce in Germany or 10.0%, followed by 7.6 Mtce in the United Kingdom, 6.9 Mtce
in Poland and 5.7 Mtce in Italy.
Total coal consumption in the OECD-Pacific was
319.1 Mtce, a decrease of 5.3% from 2008. This was
driven by Japans consumption drop of 17.1 Mtce
or 10.5%, while consumption in Australia and
New Zealand declined by 3.9% and 4.2%, respectively.
Non-OECD consumption
Total coal consumption in the non-OECD countries
continued its strong growth, increasing by 9.9% from
3 139.8 Mtce to 3 449.3 Mtce. This was mainly due to
the Peoples Republic of China, which strengthened its
position as the largest coal-consuming country in
2009. Consumption was up in China (including Hong
Kong) by 15.2% from 2 040.0 Mtce to 2 350.9 Mtce
or 47.9% of total world coal consumption.
Consumption also increased in other major coal consuming countries including India (9.0%), Chinese
Taipei (6.1%) and Kazakhstan (15.2%), while consumption declined in the Russian Federation (10.6%),
and Ukraine (18.6%).
Hard coal consumption

Hard coal consumption covers coking coal and steam
coal greater than 18 600 kJ/kg. (Countries for which
sub-bituminous coal is included in hard coal are listed
in the box on page 32 in Part I). Because of special
coking qualities and their higher calorific value, and
lower moisture and ash levels, which minimise the
transportation costs of the energy contained in these
products, these coals comprise the vast majority of
coal that moves in international trade. Brown coal is
used almost exclusively domestically.
Table II.4: Total coal consumption [Mtce]

(Selected countries)
2007
2008
2009e
791.6
165.2
119.9
79.6
79.9
86.0
54.6
41.5
37.2
30.2
23.7
29.4
19.2
12.6
11.9
12.0
6.6
5.8
6.3
28.1
778.3
162.7
112.4
89.0
82.8
84.8
50.6
42.0
36.1
28.2
23.5
19.8
18.0
11.9
9.4
11.3
5.7
5.7
4.4
26.0
695.1
145.6
101.2
91.6
79.6
77.9
43.0
40.5
29.6
26.6
17.8
15.9
13.6
11.5
11.2
10.5
5.6
5.3
5.1
22.1
Non-OECD countries
PR of China
India
Russian Federation
South Africa
Chinese Taipei
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Ukraine
DPR of Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Vietnam
Malaysia
Hong Kong (China)
Israel
Serbia
Bulgaria
Romania
Philippines
Other non-OECD
1 855.3
342.4
161.2
138.7
59.2
48.6
43.4
56.8
21.7
20.2
18.0
14.0
12.6
10.8
11.5
10.4
10.9
13.1
9.0
59.9
2 030.0
372.9
169.8
136.9
57.0
53.1
42.7
58.0
24.3
21.9
18.1
16.7
13.6
10.0
11.1
10.7
10.6
12.4
9.5
60.5
2 340.0
406.3
151.8
135.8
60.5
52.8
49.2
47.2
27.9
20.6
17.8
14.6
12.1
10.9
10.9
10.5
9.1
9.1
7.7
54.5
European Union
Total IEA
Total OECD
Total non-OECD
463.2
1 629.3
1 641.3
2 917.7
429.5
1 593.1
1 602.6
3 139.8
378.3
1 438.0
1 449.3
3 449.3
World
4 559.0
4 742.4
4 898.5
OECD countries
United States
Japan
Germany
Korea
Australia
Poland
United Kingdom
Turkey
Canada
Czech Republic
Italy
Spain
France
Greece
Mexico
Netherlands
Denmark
Slovak Republic
Finland
Other OECD
Note: The term total coal refers to the sum of hard coal and brown
coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal
equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific
value of the coal in question by the total volume of hard coal and
brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. The
energy content of one tonne of coal equivalent is 29.3 Gigajoules
(GJ) or 7000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).
Consumption refers to total primary energy supply. (TPES)
The world hard coal consumption rose an estimated 4.6%

in 2009 to 5 924.3 Mt. Consumption in OECD countries decreased by 9.4% to 1 536.0 Mt, while the nonOECD hard coal consumption increased by 10.6% to
4 388.4 Mt.
Steam coal consumption

Steam coal has three main end-uses:
! by far, most steam coal is an input in the power
sector to produce electricity and heat (which is
then sold to third parties, mostly as district heat);
! as a fuel in the final consumption sectors for the
production of heat and/or steam (i.e. in industry,
residential, commercial and public services, agriculture and transport);
! small amounts are being used as PCI coal (pulverised coal injection) in blast furnaces and as well as
for blending with coking coal.
World steam coal consumption was up 5.0% in 2009,
to 5 163.0 Mt. Steam coal consumption in the OECD
countries decreased by 8.1% in 2009, to 1 378.9 Mt.
Viewed on a regional basis, steam coal consumption
decreased by 9.5% in OECD-North America, 9.1% in
OECD-Europe, and 2.0% in OECD-Pacific. A 9.0%
increase by Korea and 2.8% by Australia offset decreases in Japan and New Zealand.
Non-OECD steam coal consumption increased by
10.7% to 3 784.1 Mt. Steam coal consumption
decreased in several of the major consumer countries
including the United States, Japan, the Russian
Federation and South Africa. It increased 15.0% in the
Peoples Republic of China from 2 295.7 Mt to
2 639.9 Mt. It also increased by 7.5% (or 37.4 Mt) in
India to 536.3 Mt.
Coking coal consumption

Coking coal has three main end-uses:
! by far, most coking coal is used as an input for the
production of coke oven coke in coke ovens;
! some coking coal is used as an input in the power
sector to produce electricity and (which is then sold
to third parties, mostly as district heat). In 2009,
this occurred in Germany, Poland and Turkey;
! small amounts are used as a fuel in the final consumption sectors for the production of heat and/or
steam (i.e. in industry, residential, commercial and
public services, agriculture and transport).
Coking coal is defined as a hard coal with a quality
that allows the production of coke oven coke suitable
to support a blast furnace charge. Traditionally, coking coals command a price premium over steam coals
reflecting a higher carbon content. Almost all coking
coal is transformed into coke oven coke in a coke
oven and used in blast furnaces for the production of
pig-iron. Pig-iron is subsequently converted to steel in
an oxygen steel furnace. Hence, consumption of coking coal and coke oven coke, is derived from the consumption of pig-iron and less directly from the consumption of steel.
Coke oven coke production and consumption

Coke oven coke is produced in coke ovens from coking coal that may be sourced from a single coal mine
or produced from a blend of coking coals sourced
from different coal mines. In some cases, non-coking
coals (referred to as soft or semi-soft coking coals)
can be included in the blend to make coking coal, and
hence a coke, of a particular quality.
Most coke ovens are located at iron and steel plants;
other coke oven plants are at coal mines or at town
gas plants. Although coke oven coke is mainly consumed in the iron and steel industry in blast furnaces
for the production of pig-iron, it can also be used in
foundries as coke breeze in sinter production, as well
as in coke ovens themselves to support coke oven
coke production.
New technologies for the production of steel that bypass the blast furnace involving the direct reduction of
iron ore are expected to further weaken the relationship between steel and coking coal consumption, as
will usage of alternative carbon sources in blast furnaces, such as charcoal, plastic pellets, natural gas,
coke oven gas, animal meal and PCI.
In 2009, in the OECD countries, it is estimated that

103.0 Mt of coke oven coke was produced and
106.3 Mt of coke oven coke was consumed.
(Tables 1.5 and 2.5, Part III). Production decreased
dramatically by 24.1 Mt or 19.0% from 127.1 Mt in
2008, as consumption similarly decreased by 19.7%
from 132.4 Mt in 2008.
Coking coal consumption in the OECD (Table 2.2,

Part III) decreased significantly by 19.4% to 157.1 Mt
in 2009 as demand for steel plummeted. Outside of
the economic downturn, despite some recent growth
in 2004, 2006 and 2007, coking coal consumption has
generally been declining in the OECD since the mid1980s. Several factors have combined to weaken coking coal consumption. First, to some extent, this is due
to the growing use of pulverised coal injection (PCI),
and to a lesser extent, heavy fuel oil injection into
blast furnaces. Coal used for PCI is generally of steam
coal quality, so steam coal is displacing coking coal.
Second, the steel industries in the OECD countries are
experiencing technological evolution where traditional
integrated steel production, which relies on coke oven
coke, is losing ground to electric arc furnace technology which does not require coke. Third, there has
been a general migration of integrated steel manufacturing from the OECD to the non-OECD countries.
Coals for pulverised coal injection (PCI)
World consumption of coking coal in 2009 is estimated to have increased by about 2.6% to 761.3 Mt.
In 2009, the Peoples Republic of China accounted for
58.5% of global coking coal consumption up from
52.2% in 2008. The next five major coking coal consumers are: India, Japan, the Russian Federation,
Ukraine and Korea. Together they accounted for another 25.6% of world annual coking coal consumption.
The steel industry is a major consumer of coal for use

in the production of pig-iron in blast furnaces. The
choice of coals for use in steel-making has been a
prime concern of the industry, particularly in Japan
with the expansion of the steel industry in the 1960s
and following the oil price shocks which led to the
significant substitution of heavy fuel oil by coal in
some blast furnaces.
Improvements were made world-wide in coal blending technology, coking technology and coke application technology for blast furnaces, and in the late
1970s, semi-soft coking coal and non-coking coal
were partly used for the first time.
In the second half of the 1980s, pulverised coal injectiona technology for injecting coal directly into the
blast furnace to provide the chemical reaction agents
necessary to convert iron ore to pig-ironbecame
more prevalent. Coal used in this way, as PCI, provides important economic benefits to the steel-maker
in addition to the immediate benefit of a lower fuel
price. It also lowers the quantity of coke required to
produce pig-iron. One tonne of PCI coal replaces
about 1.4 tonnes of coking coal and thereby prolongs
the life of coke ovens by reducing the amount of coke
required to be produced. This is important because
many coke ovens are reaching the end of their useful

life and significant investment is required to replace or
to maintain them, which often involves additional
costs to meet stringent environmental standards.
Table II.5: PCI used in blast furnaces
(major consumers in thousand tonnes)
Japan
Korea
Russian Federation
Germany
France
India
United States
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Italy
Australia
Spain
Sweden
Belgium
Turkey
Slovak Republic
Colombia
2007
11 594
6 284
3 500
3 115
3 110
2 377
1 959
1 593
1 242
1 030
808
769
532
450
293
468
198
2008
9 705
6 997
3 996
3 071
2 636
2 493
2 482
1 353
1 170
1 102
825
661
515
478
444
406
255
Total
39 322
38 589
See Table 5.4 in Part III for other countries and historical data.
World totals are Secretariat estimates. Includes granular coal
injection for some countries. Data for some non-OECD countries
(PR of China in particular) are not available.
The performance of PCI technology depends on the

quality and consistency of the pulverised coal used in
the blast furnace. In terms of volatility, a wide range
of coalsfrom anthracite to high volatileare utilised. Indicative qualities for PCI coal (air dried) are as
follows: below 7% ash; below 10% total moisture,
low alkalis and low phosphorus.
It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal consumption, PCI is classified by the IEA Secretariat as a
steam coal (as most PCI coal is generally of a steam
coal quality and not coking coal quality) for most
countries. (For Japan, PCI consumption is reported in
this book as a coking coal in order to be consistent with

the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal
with coking coal). This approach to coal classification
for statistical reporting purposes recognises that PCI
and other similar coals can also be blended with coking
coal to form a coal that is still suitable for coke making.
However, it should be noted that member countries
are not consistent in reporting steam and coking coal
import and export statistics to the IEA Secretariat because PCI coals are included in coking coal data by
some countries and in steam coal by others. For this
reason it is difficult to compare steam and coking coal
supply in some large users of PCI or to match import
data with export data for the same partner countries
for steam and coking.
As imports and exports data for PCI coal are not
available separately, the IEA Secretariat is not able to
correct trade data reported by member countries to
ensure that the series of steam and coking coal trade
and supply are consistent.
PCI coal is classified as steam coal in the statistics of
the following countries: France, Luxembourg and
Turkey, whereas PCI coal is classified as a coking
coal by the following countries: Australia, Belgium,
Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and the
United States. PCI consumption statistics suggest that
PCI consumption worldwide is increasing as steel
industries in the Non-OECD countries refine their
steel making technology and add new processes such
as carbon injection.
Total PCI consumption declined in 2008 by 1.9%
from 2007 (Table II.5). The four top consumers
(Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation and Germany)
accounted for 61.6% of all PCI consumption. However, their consumption declined by 3.0%, with
Japans consumption dropping by 16.3% due to the
economic downturn.
4. TRADE
Hard coal trade
World hard coal trade grew by 0.3% or 3.0 Mt in
2009. Trade is now estimated to be 940.8 Mt in 2009
compared to 937.8 Mt in 2008 (Table II.6).
Table II.6: World hard coal trade [Mt]
World
Asia - Pacific
Europe
Africa + Middle East
North America
Latin America
Balancing Item
2008
2009e
937.8
484.4
297.4
24.9
46.2
27.3
57.6
940.8
574.0
254.4
18.8
34.6
23.0
36.1
Growth (%)
0.3%
18.5%
-14.5%
-24.6%
-25.1%
-15.8%
NA
Note: There is some uncertainty in the regional breakdown of

trade because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.2 has not
been allocated to the regions. The convention adopted in this
book is that world trade in coal is considered equal to the sum of
the exports of all countries. Because total world imports do not
equal total world exports for the same period (as trade is not
instantaneous) a balancing item has been introduced in Part III,
Tables 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4. As a consequence, the sum of imports of
coal by region may not coincide with world trade.
Detailed statistics on imports and exports by origin

and destination for the OECD countries are presented
in Part IV. Detailed coal trade statistics for the main
non-OECD countries are presented in Part V of this
book.
Exports
Australia remains the world's leading coal exporter
with total hard coal exports reaching 261.7 Mt in
2009, up 3.8% after an increase of 3.5% in 2008
(Table II.7).
Indonesia continues to show export growth with an
increase of 13.4% or 27.1 Mt to reach 229.7 Mt in
2009 and remains the second largest hard coal exporter in the world as demand in the Asia-Pacific region grew by 18.5%.
The Russian Federations exports of hard coal increased by 19.2% to 116.2 Mt in 2009, due to large
increases in demand in the Peoples Republic of
China, and remained the worlds third largest hard
coal exporter.
Colombian coal exports increased by 2.5%, reaching
69.5 Mt in 2009, and Colombia remained the fourthlargest coal exporter.
South African exports grew by 11.5% or 6.9 Mt to
66.9 Mt in 2009, recovering slightly from 2008 levels,
which were the lowest level since 1998.
Exports from the United States in 2009 returned to 2007
values of 53.4 Mt after a spike to 73.7 Mt in 2008, due
to exports to Europe during the commodities boom.
Table II.7: Major hard coal exporters [Mt]
Australia
Indonesia
Russian Federation
Colombia
South Africa
United States
Canada
Vietnam
PR of China
Kazakhstan
Other
Total(1)
2007
243.6
197.0
98.1
64.6
65.9
53.4
30.4
31.9
53.1
29.5
58.1
925.6
2008
252.2
202.6
97.5
67.8
60.0
73.7
31.5
19.4
45.3
42.7
50.5
943.2
2009e
261.7
229.7
116.2
69.5
66.9
53.4
28.3
25.6
22.8
22.7
46.8
943.6
(1) Rounding, differences between coal types (coking and steam)

and assignment of source and destination non-specified coal
results in some discrepancies between Table 3.2, and Tables 3.14
and 3.16 in Part III. Statistics for hard coal exports and imports
presented in these tables are shown for selected countries with
historic data in Part III, Tables 3.5, 3.7, 3.14 and 3.16.
Canadian hard coal exports decreased by 10.2% to

28.3 Mt. However, Canada rose to become the seventh largest coal exporter as exports from the Peoples
Republic of China decreased for the sixth consecutive
year, this time almost halving. Exports decreased by
22.5 Mt to 22.8 Mt, dropping the Peoples Republic of
China to ninth behind Vietnam, who had a 6.2 Mt increase
in exports, of which most became Chinese imports.
Imports
Although final data for coal imports does not allow
for allocation of all reported coal exports to countries
world-wide, preliminary estimates indicate that total
world hard coal imports which can be allocated were
about 926.5 Mt in 2009, a 2.1% increase over 2008
imports (Table II.8).
The top five ranking coal importing countries in 2009
are, in order: Japan, the Peoples Republic of China,
Korea, India and Chinese Taipei. The Peoples Republic of Chinas imports grew 240.0% from 40.3 Mt
and as a consequence, the Peoples Republic of China
moved from sixth on the import rankings to second.
Indias imports grew by 14.7% to pass Chinese
Taipei. Of the top 20 importers, 13 decreased from
2008 by a combined 15.1% or 73.3 Mt.
Table II.8: Major hard coal importers [Mt]
Japan
PR of China
Korea
India
Chinese Taipei
Germany
United Kingdom
Russian Federation
Turkey
United States
Netherlands
Italy
Spain
Brazil
Thailand
Other
2007
187.0
51.0
88.3
49.8
59.3
46.3
43.4
23.4
22.9
32.9
26.0
25.0
24.4
14.9
14.1
194.6
2008
184.2
40.3
99.6
59.0
58.0
45.4
43.9
31.0
19.5
30.9
21.2
25.1
21.0
15.3
15.9
196.9
2009e
164.8
137.0
103.0
67.7
60.3
38.5
38.2
23.5
20.4
20.4
19.9
19.4
17.0
14.9
14.7
166.8
Total(1)
903.3
907.2
926.5

and 3.16 in Part III. Statistics for hard coal exports and imports
presented in these tables are shown for selected countries with
historic data in Part III, Tables 3.5, 3.7, 3.14 and 3.16.
Seaborne coal trade

The methodology used to estimate seaborne trade is
described in the accompanying box.
World seaborne coal trade was 858.8 Mt in 2009, of
which 641.9 Mt was steam coal and 217.0 Mt was
coking coal (Table II.9). Seaborne trade was slightly
higher compared to 2008. This marks the 11th consecutive year of growth for seaborne hard coal trade.
The annual volume of world and seaborne trade since
1986 are shown in Part III, Table 3.1.
Seaborne hard coal trade between 1987 and 2007 has
increased at an average rate of 7.2% for steam coal,
Methodology for estimating seaborne coal trade

Seaborne coal trade is estimated as exports from all countries with the following exceptions. Hard coal, steam and
coking coal are calculated similarly:
Europe:
- Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece,
Netherlands, Slovak Republic excludes continental
Europe main rail and inland waterways shipping routes.
- Poland excludes one third of all exports to Germany and
all exports to Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,
Hungary, Romania, the Slovak Republic, former Soviet
Union and former Yugoslavia
- Former Yugoslavia excludes intra-former Yugoslavia trade
Former Soviet Union Republics excludes all exports to
Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the
Slovak Republic and exclude intra-Soviet Union trade
North / South America:
- Canada
excludes to the United States
- Colombia
excludes to Venezuela
- United States excludes to Canada, Mexico
- Venezuela
excludes to Colombia
Asia:
- PR of China
- DRP Korea
- India
- Myanmar
- Vietnam
excludes to DRP Korea

excludes to Peoples Republic of China
excludes neighbouring countries except
the Peoples Republic of China
excludes to Thailand
excludes to Cambodia
Africa:
- South Africa
- Zimbabwe
excludes neighbouring countries

excludes neighbouring countries
2.8% for coking coal and 5.5% combined. This trend

was not matched in 2008 when steam coal trade declined 0.2% and coking coal trade grew by 7.5%.
However, in 2009, trade in steam coal rose 6.0% and
coking coal trade fell by 10.6%.
Table II.9: World seaborne hard coal trade [Mt]
Steam Coal
Coking Coal
Total
2008
605.6
242.6
848.2
2009e
641.9
217.0
858.8
Growth (%)
6.0%
-10.6%
1.2%
The breakdown between coking and steam coal statistics in world coal trade is affected by the practice of
some countries, e.g. Australia includes some steam
coal (soft or semi-soft coking coal, used for blending
or as PCI) in their coking coal statistics. Some countries, e.g. Japan (See Box on Japanese coal trade classification), also report such coals as coking coal imports but other countries include this trade in their
steam coal import statistics. This results in a discrepancy between reported world imports and exports of
coking and steam coal.
and the United States experienced declines in their

steam coal exports.
Table II.10: Major steam coal exporters [Mt]
A note on Japanese coal trade classification

In the official Japanese trade statistics collected by the Ministry of Finance (MOF), imported coal is initially classified
according to its inherent properties, then allocated to either
the category steam or coking coal.
Bituminous coal with not more than 8% ash (on an air-dried
basis) is always classified as a coking coal. Sub-bituminous
coal, irrespective of its ash content, is classified as a steam
coal. Bituminous coal with more than 8% ash can be classified as either a steam or coking coal, according to the
judgement at the discharge port.
In practice, this means for example, that Kaltim Prima coal
(classified as a steam coal in Indonesian export statistics) is
always classified as a coking coal by MOF, despite its possible use as a power station fuel.
On the other hand METI (the Japanese Agency that submits
trade data to the IEA) collects import data from coal users
and classifies coal on the basis of its free swelling index
(FSI) and percent Volatile content as follows:
FSI
greater than 1
greater than 1
others
Volatile content, %
Less than or equal to 14
Less than or equal to 23
Others
Classification
coking coal
coking coal
Steam coal
Overland coal trade

Coal traded overland internationally in 2009 was
82.0 Mt, down from 88.6 Mt (Table 3.1, Part III). This
represented 8.7% of total international coal trade. This
contrasts with 1985 where overland internationally
traded coal was 182.4 Mt or 39.7% of international
trade.
Also of note, while overland trade is only 8.7% of international trade, in 2009 international exports were
only 13.6% of global production. This means in 2009,
seaborne trade, although dominating international coal
trade, was only a factor in the transportation of 12.4%
of all coal production.
Steam coal trade

Total world steam coal exports increased by 26.8 Mt or
3.9% in 2009 (Table II.10). In terms of tonnage, exports
from Indonesia, Australia, the Russian Federation,
Colombia, South Africa and Vietnam rose in 2009,
whereas the Peoples Republic of China, Kazakhstan,
Indonesia
Australia
Russian Federation
Colombia
South Africa
Vietnam
Kazakhstan
PR of China
United States
Canada
Other
2008
173.0
115.3
83.9
67.8
59.4
19.4
42.3
41.8
35.1
4.9
41.6
2009e
200.2
136.5
105.0
69.4
66.3
25.6
22.2
21.3
19.6
6.9
38.3
Total(1)
684.5
711.3
Note: Uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade exists because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.3, is not allocated to
the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in
this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part III, Tables 3.19 and 3.21.
In 2009, Indonesia further increased their world steam

coal market share from 25.3% to 28.1%. Australia, the
Russian Federation and Colombia followed with respective shares of 19.2% (up 2.3 percentage points),
14.8% (up 2.5 percentage points) and 9.8% (down 0.1
percentage points) as Australia and Indonesia both
produced record exports.
In 2009, steam coal imports in the Asia-Pacific market
increased by 22.4%, or 81.2 Mt, to reach 443.4 Mt
(Table II.11). Asia-Pacific imports represented 62.6%
of total world steam coal trade in 2009, up from
53.6% in 2008. Consumption growth in the AsiaPacific market has supported international steam coal
trade in the recent past and this trend has been particularly pronounced since the economic downturn.
Table II.11: World steam coal trade [Mt]
World
Asia - Pacific
Europe
North America
Latin America
Balancing Item
2008
676.0
362.3
226.0
41.4
20.3
13.7
2009e
708.5
443.4
208.9
31.5
16.1
9.8
12.4
-1.3
Growth %
4.8%
22.4%
-7.5%
-23.9%
-20.3%
-28.4%
NA
Note: Uncertainty in the regional breakdown of trade exists because the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.3, is not allocated to
the regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in
this table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part III, Tables 3.19 and 3.21.
Japan remained the world's largest single market for

seaborne steam coal, receiving 112.5 Mt in 2009,
down 14.3 Mt from 2008 (Table II.12). The Peoples
Republic of Chinas steam coal imports grew from
33.5 Mt in 2008 to 102.2 Mt in 2009. Other major
recipients in the region were Korea (82.4 Mt up
6.9 Mt), and Chinese Taipei (56.9 Mt up 3.6 Mt).
In 2009, 9.8 Mt of steam coal were imported to

Latin American countries, (over 60% of which went
to Brazil). The largest suppliers to Latin America
are Colombia, Indonesia, South Africa, and the
United States.
Coking coal trade
In 2009, the major steam coal suppliers to this AsiaPacific market were Indonesia, Australia, the Peoples
Republic of China, the Russian Federation and
Vietnam.
Total world coking coal trade decreased by 11.3% to

232.3 Mt in 2009 (Table II.13).
Table II.12: Major steam coal importers [Mt]
Table II.13: World coking coal trade [Mt]
Japan
PR of China
Korea
Chinese Taipei
India
United Kingdom
Germany
Russian Federation
United States
Netherlands
Italy
Turkey
Spain
Thailand
Malaysia
Other
2008
126.8
33.5
75.5
53.3
37.9
37.5
36.2
29.5
29.3
16.9
19.0
13.4
17.6
15.9
18.1
138.9
2009e
112.5
102.2
82.4
56.9
44.3
33.1
32.0
22.1
19.5
16.9
16.3
15.7
15.0
14.7
14.5
129.3
Total(1)
699.3
727.4

results in some discrepancies between Table 3.3 and Tables 3.19
and 3.21 in Part III. Statistics for steam coal imports presented in
this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in
Part III, Tables 3.10, 3.12, 3.19 and 3.21.
Steam coal exports to the European market were

208.9 Mt in 2009, 7.5% lower than in 2008. This
market represents 29.5% of total world steam coal
trade - down from 33.4% in 2008.
Within the region, the major European importers were
the United Kingdom (33.1 Mt), Germany (32.0 Mt),
the Netherlands (16.9 Mt), Italy (16.3 Mt), Turkey
(15.7 Mt), Spain (15.0 Mt), and France (10.9 Mt).
The 2009 main steam coal suppliers to this market
were the Russian Federation, South Africa, Colombia,
Indonesia, the United States, Poland and Australia.
In North America, steam coal shipments decreased by
23.9% to 31.5 Mt in 2009. Total North American
steam coal imports were down by 9.9 Mt a similar
decrease to the 10.1 Mt in 2008. The largest supplier
to the North American market is Colombia, followed
by trade between Canada and the United States.
World
Asia - Pacific
Europe
Latin America
North America
Balancing Item
2008
2009e
Growth %
261.8
122.1
71.5
13.6
4.9
4.7
232.3
130.5
45.5
13.2
3.1
2.7
-11.3%
6.9%
-36.3%
-3.1%
-35.5%
-43.0%
45.2
37.3
NA
Note: Uncertainty exists in the regional trade breakdown because

the balancing item in Part III, Table 3.4 is not allocated to the
regions. Due to the practice of some OECD countries classifying
steam quality coal as coking coal imports, export statistics in this
table have been adjusted to reflect this practice and are inconsistent with data in Part III, Tables 3.18 and 3.20.
Australia remained by far the largest exporter of coking coal at 125.2 Mt, although exports decreased by
11.7 Mt compared to the previous year (Table II.14).
The United States has become the second-ranking
coking coal exporter with volume of 33.8 Mt, down
from 38.6 Mt. The third-ranked Indonesia remained relatively stable with 29.5 Mt of exports. It should be noted
that Indonesian exports are not true coking coals.
Table II.14: Major coking coal exporters [Mt]
Australia
United States
Indonesia
Canada
Russian Federation
Czech Republic
New Zealand
Poland
PR of China
Belgium
Other
2008
136.9
38.6
29.6
26.6
13.6
4.1
2.6
1.7
3.5
1.4
2009e
125.2
33.8
29.5
21.4
11.2
3.2
2.0
1.7
1.5
0.9
1.9
Total(1)
258.6
232.3

and 3.20 in Part III. Statistics for coking coal imports presented in
Tables 3.9, 3.11, 3.18 and 3.20.
Coking coal exports to Asia-Pacific are estimated to

have increased 6.9% to 130.5 Mt in 2009. Within the
region, Japan accounted for 47.0% of the market in
2008, and remains the worlds largest single market in
2009 for seaborne coking coal despite exports to Japan falling to 52.2 Mt (Table II.15). In 2009, the Peoples Republic of Chinas coking coal imports rose
from 6.9 Mt to 34.7 Mt. As a consequence, Japans
share of this coking coal import market fell to 40.0%
Table II.15: Major coking coal importers [Mt]
Japan
PR of China
India
Korea
Brazil
Germany
United Kingdom
Turkey
France
Chinese Taipei
Ukraine
Italy
Netherlands
Belgium
Slovak Republic
Other
2008
57.4
6.9
21.1
24.1
10.4
9.3
6.3
6.1
7.2
4.8
7.2
6.1
4.3
3.0
2.6
31.1
2009e
52.2
34.7
23.5
20.6
8.9
6.4
5.2
4.7
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.4
2.4
21.8
Total(1)
207.9
199.1

and 3.20 in Part III. Statistics for coking coal imports presented in
Tables 3.9, 3.11, 3.18 and 3.20.
Other major importers in the region were India

(23.5 Mt), Korea (20.6 Mt) and Chinese Taipei
(3.4 Mt). The major coking coal supplier to this regional market in 2009 was Australia, with nearly
63.7% of supply, followed by Indonesia, Canada, and
the Russian Federation.
Coking coal trade to the European market was
71.5 Mt in 2008, which dropped dramatically to
45.5 Mt in one year. This market fell from 27.3% of
the world coking coal exports to 19.6%.
Within the region, the major importers are Germany
(6.4 Mt), the United Kingdom (5.2 Mt), Turkey (4.7 Mt),
France (3.6 Mt), the Ukraine (3.2 Mt), Italy (3.1 Mt),
and the Netherlands (3.0 Mt).
The main coking coal suppliers to this market in 2009
were the United States, Australia, the Czech Republic,
Poland and the Russian Federation. These five countries accounted for 84.4% of the market.
Within North America, coking coal trade is primarily
between Canada and the United States. About 3.1 Mt
of coking coal was traded in the region in 2009, down
from 4.9 Mt in 2009.
In 2009, Latin America had imports of 13.2 Mt of
coking coal, 8.9 Mt of which went to Brazil. The main
suppliers to this regional market are the United States,
Australia and Canada.
Coke oven coke trade

The OECD countries imports of coke oven coke more
than halved between 2008 and 2009 as imports dropped
from 18.9 Mt in 2008 (Table 3.13, Part III) to 9.1 Mt.
Germany alone accounted for 34.8% of the OECD
coke imports in 2009. Imports in the United States
dropped by 90.4% from 3 269 kt to 315 kt.
Coke exports from the OECD countries fell from
12.8 Mt in 2008 to 9.2 Mt in 2009, a decrease of
27.9% from the 2008 level (Table 3.22, Part III).
Poland, the United States, Japan and the Czech Republic
were the top exporters in 2009 accounting for 80.8%
of OECD coke exports.
Coke statistics for the non-OECD countries are not
available for 2009. Although coke imports and exports both decreased slightly in 2008, the non-OECD
countries, as a region, remained a net exporter with
imports of 10.6 Mt and exports of 19.2 Mt in 2008.
Within the non-OECD countries, the Peoples Republic of China (12.2 Mt) and the Russian Federation
(3.0 Mt) were the main exporters, while India
(1.9 Mt), Brazil (1.9 Mt) and the Ukraine (1.2 Mt)
were the main importers. On its own, the Peoples Republic of China accounted for 38.1% of world coke
exports.
5. PRICES
This section provides analyses of customs unit values and
end-user prices reported by OECD Member countries:
! Customs unit values are average values derived
from customs administrations total volume and
total value data. These data indicate broad price
movements as they are averages of all qualities of
coal without regard to the end-use of the coal or to
the contract terms and conditions under which the
trade occurs.
! End-user prices are those paid by end-users in the
power sector and in industry; and are reported by
Member countries in a quarterly reporting system
which the IEAs Standing Group on Long Term
Co-operation initiated in 1981. Data received are
published in the IEA quarterly publication Energy
Prices and Taxes.
Unless otherwise stated, prices are reported in US
dollars in the year specified (i.e. current US dollars).
In addition to the official price statistics presented,
coal price statistics published in the industry press are
used to summarise short-term spot steam coal price
trends. Although not official in that they are not
provided by member countries, there is a high correlation between prices published by the industry press
and national coal price statistics.
International steam coal

prices
Customs unit values
Steam coal import unit values
The estimated cost of steam coal imported by the
OECD countries surged on the energy commodity
price spike experienced, in particular by oil, to an
average of USD 120.59/t in 2008, which showed an
unprecedented increase of 65.6% from the level of

USD 72.84/t in 2007 (Table II.16). However, prices
diminished by 19.3% in 2009 to USD 97.32/t, which
despite the economic downturn and reduced demand,
were still 33.6% higher than in 2007.
The average cost of steam coal imported into Japan was
USD 112.39/t, a decrease of 10.4% in 2009 from the
average price level of USD 125.42/t in 2008, although
this was a two-year increase of 58.5%.
The cost of steam coal imported into the European
Union averaged USD 99.74/t in 2009, 27.6% less than
the average price of USD 137.79/t in 2008. This was
after an increase of 67.6% in 2008 from the 2007 level
of USD 82.21/t.
Also of note, the rapidity of the rise and fall in prices
in 2008 ensured yearly averages were well below intra
year price highs experienced across spot markets.
Table II.16: Steam coal: Import unit values CIF
[USD/t]
2007
2008
2009
OECD
72.84
120.59
97.32
Japan
70.92
125.42
112.39
EU
82.21
137.79
99.74
Change 2007 to 2008

Change 2008 to 2009
65.6%
-19.3%
76.8%
-10.4%
67.6%
-27.6%
Export unit values

Export unit values reflect the price of coal at the point
of exiting a producing country. Thus, the price includes the transportation cost of moving the coal from
the producing mine to the point of exit. However, it
excludes the international transportation cost. Export
unit values summarised in the table below, and
detailed in Table 4.5 in Part III and are free on
board (FOB) for Australia, Colombia, Indonesia and
South Africa; and free at shipside (FAS) for the

United States. The value in FOB countries includes
the cost of loading at the port of exit, while it is excluded in the data for the United States.
Table II.17: Steam Coal: Export unit values
(FOB/FAS) [USD/t]
2007
2008
2009
Average to all markets

Australia Indonesia Colombia South Africa
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
51.11
60.91
57.76
51.06
92.23 115.48
120.27
88.19
80.03
55.29
58.26
60.99
Change
07 to 08
08 to 09
80.4%
-13.2%
89.6%
-52.1%
108.2%
-59.9%
72.7%
-30.8%
US
FAS
52.61
62.76
81.33
19.3%
29.6%
Average FOB export unit value (in US dollars) for

Indonesia, Colombia and South Africa decreased
dramatically in 2009 as the resource boom of 2008
ended (Table II.17). Demand for Australian coals,
particularly semi-soft coking coals and coals suitable
for PCI ensured Australian prices were slightly more
robust, in conjunction with the majority of their exports entering the more robust Pacific market. The US
FAS prices have increased in both 2008 and 2009,
although higher prices in 2009 were combined with a
decline in export quantities.
Comparison to oil import values

In some OECD Member countries, steam coal competes directly with heavy fuel oil in the power generation sector, and increasingly natural gas. It is therefore
appropriate to compare imported steam coal and other
selected import energy commodity prices on a raw
calorific basis (Figure II.1). It should be noted however, that natural gas plants in particular tend to have
higher efficiencies (more saleable power generated
per unit of input energy).
In 2009, the average import cost of steam coal remained steady for the last three quarters of the year
after a decrease from 2008 prices in the 1st quarter of
2009 and the last quarter of 2008. Until then, 2008
prices had increased by two thirds on a quarter by
quarter comparison with 2007. In comparison, the
average import cost of crude oil increased by 45.5%
with a third quarter 2008 average cost of
USD 592/tce. The Rotterdam average spot price of
heavy fuel oil (3.5% sulphur) was 44% higher across
2008 at USD 329/tce compared to USD 234/tce average in 2007.
Comparison of import and export unit values

Figure II.2 summarises long term trends for Japanese
and European Union import unit values and Australian, Colombian, and South African export unit values. The intent is to show the average difference between export and import values for three major coal
exporters and two major coal importing entities. The
difference theoretically relates to average international
transport costs.
The chart illustrates that import values and export
values tend to fluctuate in tandemsuggesting that,
over the long run, international transportation rates
remain relatively constant, with the exception noticed
at the very end of 2008, where differences were
roughly double what they were only two years earlier
in 2006.
It also shows the sharp increase in FOB unit values
from major exporters, along with corresponding rises
in CIF import values in the key Japanese and EU
markets, beginning in the late summer of 2003. Regional variations of import values are influenced by
seaborne transportation rates as well as differences in
underlying coal qualities and costs.
Spot steam coal prices

Figure II.3 and Figure II.4 summarise movements in
average monthly spot coal prices in two coalconsuming regions and two coal-producing countries.
Price statistics are estimated by The McCloskey
Group and published in McCloskeys Coal Report on
a weekly basis. The estimates are based upon surveys
of actual spot transactions in the importing and exporting regions. Though there are not official IEA statistics,
these prices are shown here to illustrate short-term and
more recent steam coal price movements.
The trend illustrated by Figure II.3 indicates a surge in
CIF (imported) steam coal prices, beginning in late
2003 and culminating in July 2004. After that date,
prices gradually declined to reach 2003 years end
levels by the end of 2005. Since then, they dramatically increased to reach a new record peak in July
2008, when CIF prices for Northwset Europe and Asia
were 172% and 128% higher compared to their respective values a year earlier, and 304% and 241%
higher than values in January 2006.
Also apparent from Figure II.3 is the divergence of
the Atlantic and Pacific pricing since early 2009 as
emerging and established economies reacted differently
and according to their needs in the financial crisis.
This is the first time that the Asian index has been
higher than the Northwest Europe marker either for a
significant period or by a significant margin. The
lower price periods between 2002 and the present follow a fairly straight line, during which time they have
increased by USD 40 to USD 50 per tonne. These
three periods from 2002 to 2004, then 2006 to 2008,
and finally 2009, if viewed as a baseline, show two
distinct peaks in 2004 to 2006, and then 2008, and
interestingly suggests that prices in 2010 are once
again rallying. This trend, while matching prices from
other fuels (as shown in Figure II.1) may also indicate
psychological thresholds for pricing. Whether the recent prices in 2010 are still subject to this pattern of
behaviour depends largely upon the economies and
rising consumption needs of the Peoples Republic of
China and India, and the ability of Australia and Indonesia in particular to meet burgeoning demand.
International coking coal

prices
Customs unit values
In Japan, average customs unit values for coking coal
import prices increased by 7.8% in 2009 despite the
financial crisis, and followed on from the massive
108.2% increase where average coking coal prices
more than doubled in 2008 (Table II.18).
Table II.18: Coking coal: Import unit values

(CIF) [USD/t]
2007
2008
2009
Change 2007 to 2008
Change 2008 to 2009
Japan
88.43
184.13
198.40
EU
125.73
197.84
187.29
108.2%
7.8%
57.4%
-5.3%
In the EU, the average customs unit values decreased

slightly in 2008 by 5.3%, from USD 197.84/t to
USD 187.29/t after a 57.4% increase from 2007 prices.
In 2009, coking coal export unit values decreased
from record highs for Australia and the United States
by 26.2% and 12.5%, respectively (Table II.19).
Prices in Australia remained 71.0% higher than in
2007 at USD 143.83/t and in the United States,
USD 129.77/t was 32.3% higher than 2007 prices.
Table II.19: Coking coal: Export unit values
(FOB/FAS) [USD/t]
2007
2008
2009
Change 2007 to 2008
Change 2008 to 2009
Australia
84.16
194.87
143.83
US
98.10
148.39
129.77
131.6%
-26.2%
51.3%
-12.5%
Coking coal CIF prices incorporate fluctuations in

shipping rates.
Figure II.1: OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil
(USD/tce)
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Crude oil (IEA CIF import cost)
Steam coal (OECD CIF import cost)
Natural gas (pipeline)
Liquified natural gas (LNG)
Heavy fuel oil (Spot Rotterdam)
Notes: Spot prices for heavy fuel oil are not directly comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. They are, however, closely correlated with
average CIF crude oil prices, which are, by definition comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. As a consequence, it is not unreasonable to compare customs unit values for steam coal with spot prices of heavy fuel oil. Steam coal and crude oil are IEA average and CIF import
values. Steam coal excludes intra-EU trade. Heavy fuel oil is Rotterdam spot market value, 3.5% sulphur.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.
Figure II.2: Steam coal import and export value comparison

(USD/t)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Japan CIF
EU Member States CIF
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.
Australia FOB
South Africa FOB
Colombia FOB
Figure II.3: Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia (USD/t CIF)
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
McCloskey Northwest Europe CIF
McCloskey Asian CIF
Source: The McCloskey Group, McCloskeys Coal Report
Figure II.4: FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia (USD/t FOB)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
South Africa (Richards Bay)
Australia (Newcastle)
Source: The McCloskey Group, McCloskeys Coal Report
6. CO2 EMISSIONS (2007)

World CO2 emissions from fossil fuels increased by
105.5% between 1971 and 2007, going from 14.1 Gt
in 1971 to 21.0 Gt in 1990 and 29.0 Gt in 2007. Over
the same period, coal-related emissions increased by
135.1% from 5.2 Gt in 1971 to 8.3 Gt in 1990 and
12.2 Gt in 2007 - by then accounting for 42.2% of
CO2 emissions from fossil fuels (Figure II.5). Coal,
since 2004, is the leading source of world CO2 emissions ahead of oil and natural gas. Since 2002, CO2
emissions from coal have grown by 6.1% per year (or
630 Mt/y), over 75% of which has come from rapid
growth in the Peoples Republic of China.
Figure II.5: World CO2 emissions by fuel
of the formerly centrally-planned economies of Central

and Eastern Europe, which led to a rapid decline in
output from inefficient industrial sectors and restructuring of these economies. Other important factors include
the use of more efficient technologies, fuel switching
and renewable energy sources. Rapid expansion of
non-OECD economies since 2000 ensured emissions
increased on average by 5.5% between 2000 and
2007, with coal emissions increasing by 6.1% per annum over this period. Also of note, analysis of this
period precedes the commodities boom, and the subsequent global economic downturn, during which coal
use continued to grow.
Figure II.6. Global change in CO2 emissions
(2006-2007)
15
800
10
Gt CO2
700
600
Mt CO2
500
400
300
200
100
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion
In 2007, the growth in global coal emissions was larger than the combined growth in natural gas and oil
combined. Coal emissions increased by 534.7 Mt,
while gas emissions grew by 261.6 Mt and those from
oil grew by 135.5 Mt globally (Figure II.6). OECD
countries contributed 14.5% of global growth in 2007,
with the remaining 85.5% of growth in emissions
coming from non-OECD sources.
The annual growth in the emissions from fossil fuels
averaged 2.1% between 1971 and 1990 while it averaged 1.0% between 1990 and 1999. This lower pace
of growth after 1990 is in part related to the collapse
0
-100
Coal
Oil
OECD
Gas
Other
Total
Non-OECD
Coal-related emissions in the non-OECD countries

became responsible for the majority of coal-related
emissions from 1992 onward. The non-OECD countries more than tripled their coal-related emissions
from 2.1 Gt in 1971 to 7.8 Gt in 2007, whereas the
increase in the OECD was 42.6% from 3.1 Gt in 1971
to 4.5 Gt in 2007.
OECD emissions from fossil fuels increased from
9.3 Gt in 1971 to 11.1 Gt in 1990 and 13.0 Gt in 2007,
which represents an average annual growth rate of

0.9% between 1971 and 2007. As a result, the share
for the OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions
declined from 66% in 1971 to 53% in 1990 and 45%
in 2007 (Figure II.7). This occurred as the share of the
non-OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions rose
from 30% in 1971 to 44% in 1990 and 52% in 2007.
Figure II.7: World CO2 emissions by region
30
52%
14
10
30%
4%
66%
3%
3%
53%
Other
Annex I
45%
Other
Annex I
NonAnnex I
Other
NonAnnex I
India
NonAnnex I
Other
NonAnnex I
Gt CO2
44%
15
Annex I
Annex I
12
Brazil
South Africa
India
China
Brazil
South Africa
Russian China
Bunkers
Fed.
Bunkers
Russian
Fed.
1990
2007
0
1971
OECD
1990
Bunkers
2007
Non OECD
One of the most important recent developments in

the world economy is the increasing economic integration of large OECD non-member countries, in
particular Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, the
Peoples Republic of China and South Africa, the socalled BRICS countries. Already, the BRICS represent over one-fourth of world GDP, up from 18% in
1990. In 2007, these five countries represented 30%
of global energy use and 33% of CO2 emissions from
fuel combustion (Figure II.8). These shares are likely
to rise further in coming years if the ongoing strong
economic performance currently enjoyed by most of
these countries continues, as many commentators
expect. In fact, the Peoples Republic of China, the
Russian Federation and India are already three of the
four countries that emit the most CO2 emissions in
absolute terms.
CO2 emissions have been clearly linked to economic
growth as shown in the example of China, where
strongly increasing electricity production is the main
driver for record high CO2 emissions. Coal consumption for electricity generation more than doubled in
China between 2001 and 2007. The impact of this is
visible in Figure II.9 where OECD coal-related CO2
emissions increase from 4.1 Gt in 1990 to 4.5 Gt in
2007, however the relative share decreases from 49%
to 37% as non-OECD coal-related emissions increase
from 4.2 Gt to 7.8 Gt in the same period.
Annex I countries are: OECD nations (with the exception of Chile,

Mexico and Korea), the European Union (with the exception of Cyprus
and Malta), Belarus, Croatia, Leichtenstein, Monaco, the Russian
Federation and the Ukraine.
Figure II.9: Coal-related CO2 emissions by region

12
10
63%
Gt CO2
Gt CO2
20
16
25
10
Figure II.8. The growing importance

of the BRICS countries
51%
6
4
2
40%
60%
49%
37%
1990
2007
0
1971
OECD
Non OECD
World CO2 emissions have also been influenced by

changes in international energy prices. Oil had been
the largest contributor to world emissions until 2003,
even though the upward trend was interrupted by the
oil shocks of 1974 and 1979. Even after the decline in
oil prices after 1985, growth in emissions was mitigated because consuming countries adopted more energy-efficient technologies and behaviour, and some
fuel switching. Oil, as the main contributor to OECD
emissions, generated 42.3% of the CO2 emissions in
2007 down from 43.3% in 2006, as natural gas
consumption continued to increase (Figure II.10). As

the OECD countries started diversifying their energy
consumption after the two oil shocks, the share of oil
in the CO2 emissions gradually declined and fell below
the 50% line in 1980.
Figure II.10: OECD CO2 emissions by fuel
60%
50%
40%
30%
to manufacturing industries and construction increased by 75%, from 1.6 Gt in 1971 to 2.8 Gt in
2007. Emissions due to the other sectors (including
transport) were almost cut by half between 1971 and
2007, falling from 1.2 Gt in 1971 to 0.7 Gt in 2007.
As a result, the electricity and heat generation share of
world coal-related CO2 emissions increased from 46%
in 1971 to 71% in 2007. On the other hand, the share
of CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and
construction fell from 31% in 1971 to 23% in 2007
despite the 75% increase in emissions. The decline in
the share of other emissions was stronger, falling from
23% to 6% over the period.
20%
Figure II.11: World coal-related

CO2 emissions by sector
10%
14
0%
Oil
Natural gas
Other
Within the OECD, coal is the second largest source of

CO2 emissions. Between 1971 and 1985, coal was
used as the main substitute for oil and its share of
emissions increased, especially between 1978 and
1985, from its lowest point (31%) to its highest point
(39%). After 1985, the share of emissions from coal
declined regularly and by 1994 essentially returned to
its 1971 level (34%).
World coal-related CO2 emissions due to electricity
and heat generation more than tripled between 1971
and 2007, from 2.4 Gt in 1971 to 8.7 Gt in 2007
(Figure II.11). During the same period, emissions due
Gt CO2
Coal
12
6%
10
23%
14%
27%
4
2
23%
31%
71%
59%
46%
0
1971
1990
2007
Electricity and heat production

Manuf acturing industries and construction
Other*
* Other includes residential, transport, commercial/public services,

agriculture, other energy industries and non-specified other sectors.
7. COAL UPGRADING
Selected condensed excerpts from a report by
Dr Stianeth Nunes of the IEA Clean Coal Centre.
! reduction in the amounts of various trace elements

present in most cases; and
CCC#156, October 2009. ISBN 978-92-9029-476-4
! more consistent coal quality.
Copyright IEA Clean Coal Centre
Of note is the fact that forms of quality control are

already in use in international markets, and their application could be broadened and applied to national
markets.
The IEA Clean Coal Centre is based in London and is

a non-profit organisation operating under the IEA
Framework for International Energy Technology Cooperation. The full report is available at:
http://bookshop.iea-coal.org/reports/ccc-156/82234
Introduction
Coal upgrading technologies cover a wide range of
processes that can be applied to improve the quality of
coal to meet market requirements. These can include
raw coal pre-treatment, crushing and sizing, and
cleaning or beneficiation. Coal upgrading is used to
produce a saleable product and add economic value to
run-of-mine (rom) coal. More recently, it has been
recognised that coal upgrading can also bring considerable environmental benefits. These include reduced
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and particulates, through the supply of cleaner
coal of consistent quality to downstream coal utilisation processes.
Upgrading coals
The overall benefits of upgrading coal include:
! lower ash and/or moisture content in the coal;
! raised heating values;
! reduced transport volumes (and hence cost);
! reduced sulphur content (in many cases);
Coal washing
As much as 60% of rom output from a modern mine
may be reject material. Pyrites may need to be removed to reduce the sulphur content in order to comply with air pollution requirements. Furthermore, contractual agreements may require a maximum level of
ash content to reduce inert or adversely reactive material in the feedstock. Most preliminary treatment facilities are constructed near the coal production sites
as waste removed from the rom coal is more readily
disposed of at the site of the mine. The site of use may
also be located close to populated areas.
Bituminous coals and anthracite, which account for
two-thirds of the worlds coal production can be upgraded. Of this, a third is currently washed. Among
the largest producing countries, most coals from the
USA, Australia and South Africa are already washed
and cleaned close to the economic limit. There is potential in the Peoples Republic of China, India, the
Russian Federation and some other countries that
process smaller amounts to increase the use of coal
treatments.
The use of clean coal reduces environmental pollution, with reduced emissions of CO2, sulphur and particulates. Cleaning the feed coal reduces the costs of
investing in flue gas cleaning facilities. For example,
a study in Germany found that the investment required for cleaning coal to reduce SOx emissions was
one tenth that of installing flue gas desulphurisation
(Jung and others, 2002). In the case of washed coal
technologies, it is necessary to consider the processing
of recovered solids. This is essential in order to meet
strict environmental standards.
Thermal efficiency is increased by using coal that has
been beneficiated. Older coal-fired power stations in
the Peoples Republic of China and India have thermal efficiencies in the range of 2729%. By contrast,
new power plants using clean coal can achieve a
thermal efficiency as high as 45%.
Lower capital and operating costs are a significant
benefit of using cleaner coal for power plants. The
actual kilowatt-hours generated can be 10% higher
and operating costs 2% lower when using cleaned
coal over rom coal. Additionally, it has been claimed
that there is a proportional decrease of up to 8% in
overall operating costs for every 10% decrease in the
ash of the feed coal. For a newly built 1000 MW coalfired power station, the saving achieved by using
clean coal could be USD 120 million.
Drying low rank coals

The key aim in upgrading coal through drying is to
increase efficiency, which is expected to be accompanied by lower emissions. The drying methods can be
placed into different categories, although there are
others that have not been considered in detail here due
to their lack of commercial development. Prototype
technology, using waste heat to remove moisture from
coal has the potential to increase plant performance
and reduce air emissions.
Drycol
The Drycol process uses electromagnetic radiation of
microwave wavelengths. The process uses 100 kW
magnetrons generators that have been in use for some
time for the drying of woodchips, food and textiles.
Thus the Drycol process uses existing technology
which is already used in other industries and is aimed
at drying the fine coal fraction.
The fine coal is conveyed through a drying chamber
in which microwaves heat and dry the coal. The microwaves heat the coal uniformly to not more than
90C, rapidly evaporating the moisture from the coal.
This process does not alter the coking qualities of the
coal, and also avoids oxidation and combustion. The

fine coal is subsequently mixed with larger grade coal.
In order to produce a final aggregate with defined
moisture content, the water content of the fine coal is
carefully controlled.
There are a range of benefits to the Drycol process.
For example, it does not use water, which makes it a
suitable alternative in locations where the supply of
water is an issue. A range of impurities can be lessened, with benefits for steel producers. Sulphur content is reduced, so that SOx emissions are in turn lowered. Alkali content, namely potassium, is lower so
coke usage by steel makers may be reduced. Phosphorous content is reduced; reducing downstream removal. This reduces costs and introduces the potential
to use raw materials with higher phosphorous content
including cheaper coke blends and use of higher
phosphorous iron ores. The drying of coal can be performed during off-peak hours, minimising electricity
costs.
Fluidised bed drying with internal waste

heat utilisation
Internal waste heat utilisation or WTA (Wirbelschicht-Trocknung mit interner Abwrmenutzung)
technology has been developed by RWE Rheinbraun
in Germany. Two variants have been investigated: the
closed cycle and the open cycle concepts.
An efficiency increase of more than 4 percentage
points is promised, depending on the moisture of the
raw lignite. It is encouraging that investment costs are
not expected to increase compared with conventional
lignite-fired power plant (Stamatelopoulos, 2007).
The open cycle concept was chosen to be implemented in the first WTA prototype and has been integrated in the Niederaussem power plant in Germany.
The lignite-fired, conventional boiler technology of
1000 MWe Neideraussem Unit K power plant (owned
by RWE Power), is an ultra-supercritical PCC installation with an efficiency of more than 43% (LHV).
The unit was commissioned in 2002. There are two
further units, based on the same technology, under
construction at Neurath, consisting of 1100 MWe
capacity. These are due to be in commercial operation
in 2010 (Elsen and Fleischmann, 2008).
The National Technical University of Athens has carried out a study on the effects of drying Greek lignites. The study investigated the influence of the predrying (WTA) technology on the performance of a
power plant fired with low quality lignite at ultrasupercritical steam parameters (Kakaras and others,
2006). The analysis shows that the expected efficiency of a 700C power plant burning low rank coal,
such as Greek lignite, is up to 42% when using a conventional lignite drying system, and up to 50% in the
case of using a pre-drying system based on the WTA
technology. In comparison to the current, state-of-theart efficiency value of 36% for a Greek power plant,
the calculated feasible increase of 614 percentage
points indicates the potential of the ultra-supercritical
plant, with the WTA pre-drying.
Mechanical-thermal dewatering process

Mechanical-thermal dewatering (German abbreviation: MTE, Mechanisch-Thermische Entwsserung,)
was developed at the University of Dortmund as an
energy efficient process to reduce the water content of
lignite prior to combustion. The MTE is a combination of thermal and mechanical moisture extraction.
The raw coal is slightly pre-pressurised by a press
stamp and then hot water is distributed evenly on its
surface by sprinklers. Saturated steam is introduced
into the chamber and the hot water flows through the
coal releasing nearly all its heat content. The coal
temperature rises to 150180C. Water pressed from
the coal leaves the chamber at around ambient temperature. The process is repeated, using pressures up
to 6 MPa.
Integrated drying gasification combined

cycle
The Integrated Drying Gasification Combined Cycle
(IDGCC) uses the hot gas from an air-blown fluid bed
gasifier to pre-dry the coal under pressure and hence
cool the gas, before filtering out entrained particles
and burning the gas in the gas turbine cycle. Increased
generation is achieved in the gas turbine by the additional mass flow of the evaporated moisture passing
through the turbine. Substantial capital cost savings
result from the integrated high pressure drying. The
advantages of IDGCC include:
! particularly suited to reactive, wet coals which are
generally low value;
! substantially lower and stable fuel costs brown
coal is only used minemouth unlike black coal
which is tradeable and has fluctuating prices;
! significant reduction in CO2 of around 30% compared to the current best Latrobe Valley boiler
plant;
! efficiency at around 40% higher heating value

(HHV) (from gas turbine/steam turbine) compared
with 33% for supercritical boiler plant;
! savings on water IDGCC uses only 50% of usual
cooling water levels of boiler plant; and
! suitable for pre-combustion CO2 capture for near
zero emissions in future.
Lignite fuel enhancement system

Lignite Fuel Enhancement System (LFES), is being
tested as a prototype dryer technology. The coal dryer
operates continuously and uses waste heat to remove
moisture from coal. Typically, about 45% of the fuel
heat generated by a conventional pulverised coal fired
power plant is lost in the condenser, another 20% exits the stack. The LFES exploits this heat, which otherwise has little use because of its low quality.
Dry separation technologies

Dry coal processing has a number of advantages over
wet coal processing. As no water is used, no moisture
is introduced into the product stream by the process.
Furthermore, dry beneficiation does not involve the
expense of buying water, especially important in regions where water is scarce. However, dry processing
is relevant when only limited improvement of coal is
required. It can also be used as an adjunct to wet
processing to improve the efficiency of the latter.
The dry separation of coal can be achieved by a number of means. Methods include separation by the use
of friction, magnetic properties, electrostatic separation, microwave separation, pneumatic oscillating
tables, air jigging, air dense medium fluidisation and
bed beneficiation. The factors that affect the choice of
method include the density, size, and shape of the
feedstock coal. In addition, the magnetic conductivity,
electrical conductivity, radioactivity and coefficient
frictional properties need to be considered. Two processes that have been commercialised are pneumatic
beneficiation (oscillating table and air jig) and air dense
medium fluidised bed (ADMFB) beneficiation.
Losses from discarding top and bottom cleanings,
which can total more than 10%, can be reduced by
using air jigs to recover the lost coal, increasing the
turnover and extending the effective life of the mine.
Modern air jigs expand the envelope of dry coal processing and improvements to the technology have been
made over the last 10 years. This means that it is now
economic to process what would have previously been

discarded coal. Furthermore, the removal of sulphur
and ash prior to burning has a number of other advantages. The heat value of the coal is increased, reducing
coal consumption and any requirement for costly
sulphur-scrubbing technology is reduced.
Ultra-clean coal processes

A number of developments have occurred in the field
of clean coal technology. This section describes three
processes that are at, or near commercial realisation to
allow the direct combustion of coal in a gas turbine
for power generation. These fuels increase the power
output, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Most of
the mineral matter (ash) in coal must be removed before it is injected into the gas turbine for this type of
system to run successfully, which means that it is unnecessary to treat combustion gases. Likewise, erosion of the gas turbine blades is reduced if the mineral
matter is removed prior to combustion.
CENfuel process
CENfuel is a pure coal produced by acid treatment,
which removes ash and heavy metals. The separated
impurities can be marketed. The product can be used
as a clean fuel for boilers and to reduce mercury emissions from conventional power plants. CENfuel is
also an excellent fuel source for direct firing and in
carbon-based fuel cells.
Twenty-five years of laboratory and pilot testing have
been performed with more than 100 000 t of CENfuel produced in Europe, Asia and the USA. A
demonstration plant is in operation in West Virginia,
USA, which was built on a reclaimed surface mine.
This plant has reduced ash content from 25.38% to
0.59%. The energy yield is also increased from
25 MJ/kg for the raw coal to 35 MJ/kg for CENfuel
on an HHV basis (Freeman, 2003).
The emissions are comparable to those of natural gas,
with CO2 SOx, fluorine and NOx emissions all low.
Other pollutants that are not yet covered by legislation
are also reduced, providing a degree of protection for
the future.
The process involves milling the raw coal down to a
size of 2 mm or less. Inorganic impurities, such as
silica, aluminium and heavy metals are removed with
fluorine-based acids. The acids are recycled reducing
operating costs. The acid treatment is carried out at
low temperature and pressure, which allows for the

use of low cost plastics. This also reduces the risk
associated with scaling up the process for larger operations. The high grade silica obtained can be used in
glass making and ceramics. Carbon obtained can be
used as activated carbon and graphite, which may be
utilised in aluminium processing. In addition, processing removes abrasive impurities allowing the particle
size to be reduced further with relative ease in order to
suit any required application. For example, the CENfuel product can be micronized to micron-sized
particles. Raw coal with up to 40% ash can be converted into pure carbonaceous material, with as little
as 0.10.7% ash (Freeman, 2003).
Hypercoal process
Hypercoal has reduced ash and alkali contents. The
raw coal is treated with organic solvent, which is
flashed-off and recycled. Insoluble minerals and undissolved coal form a high ash by-product coal, which
can be used in conventional pulverised fuel plants.
The by-product coal typically contains about 30% ash.
The yield achieved is approximately 80% of the feedstock on a dry ash basis. Most alkalis are removed,
which is important for gas turbine usage. The Hypercoal process can utilise most types of bituminous and
sub-bituminous coals, although the latter have lower
yields.
UCC process
Ultra-clean coals (UCC) are coals with a low ash content. UCC can be produced by a chemical leaching
process. This works as a series of steps that converts
the minerals to soluble forms and then removes them,
to a point where the total ash content is less than
0.2%. The dissolved minerals are then precipitated
predominantly as calcium sulphate and calcium aluminium silicates for safe disposal or utilisation in
other industries, such as building materials and ceramics (UCC Energy, 2008).
UCC, although based on coal, is not a substitute for
conventional coal in conventional power generation.
Its major application is in areas where conventional
coal cannot be used. It is an alternative for heavy fuel
oil and natural gas. UCC is cost competitive with
these fuels on an equal energy basis. The UCC process is suited to most hard coals and is therefore of
strategic importance to developing countries with indigenous coal supplies, but limited in other energy
resources. Additionally, the process will be of interest
to other major coal producing countries.
Although the major application of the UCC product is

as a fuel, it can also be used as a clean carbon source
for metallurgical processes for instance, in carbon
anodes for aluminium production. Mineral byproducts from the process may also have industrial
application, although little work has been done in this
area to date (ACA, 2008b). The advantages of UCC
include:
! reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 2030%
from the generator when compared to a modern
conventional PC fired power plant and 1020% on
a complete lifecycle basis;
! provision of a coal-based generating system that
achieves high efficiency power generation from
smaller gas turbine combined cycle units which
can be located remotely or used in a distributed
energy configuration; and
! a system where the UCC fuel can be produced in
large plants close to the mines, where the fuel can
be stockpiled so that any disruptions to fuel production do not disrupt the generator (unlike IGCC
where the gasifier and turbine are closely linked)
and where the cost of the fuel is based on the relatively low and stable price of coal.
As UCC is a high purity chemically-cleaned coal with
low ash content, it can be fired directly into gas turbines for high efficiency power generation in combined cycle plants. UCC can achieve 5055% efficiency, while most coal-fired power plants in, for example, Australia have 3335% efficiency and the
newest stations may operate with 40% efficiency.
Since gas turbines can be located close to the site of
electricity use, efficiency is further increased (UCC
Energy, 2008).
White Mining Ltd has a pilot programme with CSIRO
Energy Technology that has been designed to achieve
UCC production rates of up to 350 kg/h, running in
the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. This
pilot has produced UCC for assessment for turbines in
Japan. The process uses alkali/acid digestion, with
moderate temperature and pressure to dissolve the
minerals out of the coal without the loss of coal
properties.
The University of Nottingham in the UK is conducting research funded by the Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council. Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
has been found to be effective. Stoichiometric quantities of HF can be used, because it can be regenerated,
thus reducing costs. The processing can be performed
in a water and ethanol mix (Steel, 2007).
Briquetting and pelletising

Both industrial and domestic briquetting and pelletising are useful forms of coal upgrading. They provide
fuel that can be varied in size for domestic use, for
small boilers and for industrial purposes. Briquetting
has also been used for providing fuel to moving bed
gasifiers.
Briquetting and pelletising have a number of key advantages, including decreased emissions when burned
and suitability for transport if required. Weaker briquettes may be produced if used on-site. Furthermore,
coal can be upgraded, either using low rank coal or
coal fines as a cost effective feedstock. Briquetting
may be performed without a binder if the feedstock
allows agglomeration in the absence of a binder. Alternatively, a binder can be used, but this increases the
cost significantly as binders are one of the more expensive components of briquetting.
Research and development

of low rank coal
Low rank coal (LRC) covers lignites and subbituminous coals. They constitute over half of global
coal reserves. They are often cheaper to mine, as
many deposits are found in thick seams with relatively
shallow overburden cover. However, LRCs lack a
market position due to their low energy density and
high moisture content and their difficulty in handling
because of their self-heating propensity. In the past
this has constrained their utilisation to localised areas
requiring only short-haul transportation. However, the
expansion of coal markets, notably in Asia, is expected to stimulate mining of LRC, particularly those
with relatively low sulphur and ash contents.
The quality of LRC varies according to the ash and
moisture content which determine the net specific
energy of the coal (Figure II.12). Indonesian LRC, for
example, has a comparatively low moisture content,
of 2528%, and a relatively low ash content, usually
below 7%. The specific energy range is 1020 MJ/kg.
LRCs are highly reactive in combustion, gasification,
liquefaction and other chemical processes. The upgrading of LRCs would reduce the water content and
reactivity, facilitating their transport and storage.
Figure II.12 Comparison of quality of LRCs

(Allardice, 2000)
utilising low pressures and low temperatures, generally resulting in lower costs. However, there are several issues with group B technologies. High energy
consumption due to the latent heat of evaporation and
phase transitions require high energy inputs, and large
heat exchange equipment. Furthermore, the greater
likelihood of spontaneous combustion under storage
conditions requires additional safety measures. The
upgraded brown coal (UBC) process of group B is
thought to overcome many of these problems.
Processes in Indonesia
Indonesia has an abundance of LRCs, but their moisture content make them difficult to utilise. A number
of projects have been undertaken and some of these
are heading towards commercial-scale production.
These developments include:
Kobe Steel Ltd has been developing UBC since
1993. The approach taken is to use slurry dewatering
as used in coal liquefaction. This is a five-step process
using light oil to remove water from brown coal:
The technologies for upgrading LRC are presented in

a classification scheme based on whether the technology is reactive or evaporative. A detailed examination
of these categories may be achieved by considering
pressure (kPa) and temperature (C) (Figure II.13).
The pressure boundary line represents the saturated
vapour pressure of water and thus separates evaporative and non-evaporative processes. The temperature
boundary at 200C divides reactive and non-reactive
processes. Virtually all LRC undergo pyrolysis at
200C and above.
Figure II.13 Process condition map of LRC upgrading
(Sugita and others, 2005)
Of the four categories of upgrading technologies in

Figure II.13 (A-D), group B subsumes processes
! pulverisation of the LRC raw material;

! the pulverised coal is mixed with recycled oil,
typically petroleum light oil and heavy oil to produce a slurry;
! the slurry is heated in an evaporator;
! oil is recovered by decanting; and
! the upgraded coal is briquetted for transport.
Typically LRC have highly porous structures which
carry high water contents. In slurry dewatering, the
water is removed from the pores and is replaced by
heavy oil. This increases the heating value of the coal
product and has the added benefit of providing hydrophobic behaviour.
Meanwhile White Energy is constructing a 1 Mt/y
plant in Tabang, in eastern Kalimantan (Indonesia) as
part of a joint venture with P T Bayan International
Pte Ltd. The process to be used involves crushing the
coal, drying and then briquetting. The reduction in
moisture content with this process is significant, from
2555% down to 68% resulting in a stable product
that has increased energy density. Gross calorific values increased from 1720 MJ/kg to 2425 MJ/kg. The
low sulphur and ash content of the original raw material is maintained and represents an economic and
environmental asset. The brown coal briquetting process claims a number of key benefits:
! higher energy content, which increases heat and
the useable energy content, by 30200%, creating
valuable power generation efficiencies;
! mechanical process, which is designed to work at

the coal mine site, in place of a complex chemical
process;
! significantly reduced levels of dust compared to
unprocessed sub-bituminous coal;
! low upgrading costs provide favourable conversion economics so that the product is competitive
with bituminous coals;
! lower spontaneous combustion risks due to the
increased physical and chemical stability of the
upgraded coal, allows easier handling, storage and
transport;
! lower transport costs due to the removal of moisture, resulting in up to a 30% decrease in load
weight; and
! reduced emissions, as more efficient burning results in lower CO2, SOx, NOx and Hg emissions.
Evergreen Energy and the Sumitomo Corporation
have investigated the viability of a 1.5 Mt/y K-fuel
refinery in Kalimantan. The process uses high temperature and pressure, making the lignite raw material
pliable (Jacobsen, 2008). This leads to the pores
within the coal particle collapsing, forcing out the

water, thus reducing the moisture content by up to
64%. The process increases the heating value by up to
52%, from 15 MJ/kg to 23 MJ/kg. The mercury content is reduced by up to 56%. Other emissions are also
reduced. During the process some of the tar is forced
to the surface which it coats and prevents the reabsorption of water. Furthermore, the K-fuel process
is cheaper than the installation cost of postcombustion pollution control measures or other alternatives for the control of pollution to a similar degree.
However, K-fuel burns at a higher temperature and as
a result increased NOx emissions are a potential
downside, which may require low NOx burners to be
utilised (NEC, 2007).
South Korea and Indonesia Energy signed a deal in
2007 which has a value of USD 8.5 billion, covering
coal, LNG and oil supply. Investment is also being
made in a coal liquefaction scheme in eastern
Kalimantan. The four companies involved are PT
Nuansa Cipta Coal Investment of Indonesia and
Posco Engineering, Kenertec and Samsung Securities, from South Korea.
Figure II.14 Flow diagram for an improved brown coal liquefaction process (Silalahi and others, 2005)
The scheme will eventually produce 100 000 barrels

per day (bbl/d) of liquefied coal, equivalent to a tenth
of Indonesian oil production in 2007 (BP, 2008). The
scheme will be implemented in two phases. The initial
aim is for 30 000 bbl/d production by 2010 from an
investment of USD 2 billion. The second stage will
involve 70 000 bbl/d of production, requiring an additional investment of USD 3.5 billion. This scheme
will be supported by a USD 2 billion rail infrastructure project in eastern Kalimantan.
By exposing coal to a hydrogen-rich environment at
high temperature and pressure, coal can be converted
into synthetic fuels. The principle aim is the production of a synthetic oil substitute which can be used for
transport, power generation and in the chemical industry. Currently, coal liquefaction is an expensive process, but may become more competitive, depending on
oil production volume and costs.
The brown coal liquefaction (BCL) process, shown in
Figure II.14, is a single stage process but consists of
four operations. The first stage is an effective and efficient slurry dewatering process, where the recovered
steam is used to preheat the slurry. Secondly, high oil
yield is achieved by using a dispersed limonite catalyst in the hydro-liquefaction unit. Thirdly, a high
quality of product oil is achieved, having low sulphur
and nitrogen content, by using an inline hydrotreatment unit installed downstream of the hydroliquefaction unit. Finally, the oil yield is increased by
recycling the de-ashed oil into the liquefaction reactor,
facilitating further decomposition of the heavy fraction. The BCL process is thought to be one of the best
direct liquefaction processes developed in Indonesia
for low rank coals (Silalahi and others, 2005).
coal. Moisture content is reduced to 1% from an initial 2555%, which provides a concomitant increase
in heating value up to 28 MJ/kg, an improvement
from 1221 MJ/kg of the feedstock. Additionally, the
sulphur content is decreased to 0.3% from an initial
0.51.5% (Sheldon, 2006).
The two main issues with Syncoal are the levels of
dust produced and the tendency of the product to undergo spontaneous combustion which indicates that
on-site use may be preferred.
Convert Coal Inc (CCI) have developed a novel
coal-to-liquid (CTL) pyrolytic process. This converts
LRC containing 3035% volatile matter into two
products: syncrude and a low emission coal-char-fuel.
In the case of the former product, the CTL process
produces coal tar oil (CTO) as an intermediate product, which in turn is hydrotreated to produce syncrude. The syncrude product can be used as the raw
material in petroleum refining. On the other hand, the
low emission coal-char-fuel can be used in power
plants. The emissions associated with this stream are
sufficiently low to meet the requirements of the Clean
Air Interstate Regulations, which come into effect in
2010 in the USA (Skov, 2007).
Conventional unit operations and equipment are integrated within the process which is implemented as a
continuous flow design. In addition, the process has
been optimised to improve product yield, energy efficiency and operability, yet capital costs are also reduced. The design involves three main processes
which are: coal drying, pyrolysis and CTO recovery.
Downstream processes include the clean-up of water
and pyrolysis gas, CTO fractionation, hydrotreating to
produce syncrude, hydrogen production and cogeneration of steam and electricity. There are a number of
key benefits to the CCI CTL process:
South Korea is keen to invest in Indonesia, since there

have been delays in the supply of coal to South Korea
from the Peoples Republic of China and Australia.
South Korean firms will supply half of Indonesias
coal by 2016, which has important implications for
Indonesia since its own oil is diminishing. However,
the expertise and experience gained will be invaluable
for Indonesia which aims to increase the role of coal
liquefaction to 2% of primary energy consumption by
2050 (MEMR, 2008).
! heat rate improvement due to fuel heating value

increase;
Processes in the USA
! coal moisture recapture means less water is required;
Western Syncoal LLC, the advanced coal conversion

process demonstration (ACCPD) has been described
by Couch (2002). The Syncoal process upgrades LRC
by a combination of thermal processing and physical
cleaning. ACCPD produces high quality Syncoal from
low rank Western coal, such as Powder River Basin
! reduced emissions of SO2, NOx and Hg;
! reduced CO2 emissions due to heat-rate decrease;

! decreased auxiliary power due to lower combustion air flow, feed coal weight, etc;
! reduced water content results in a reduced stack

plume; and
! increased feed coal flexibility to use LRC as fuel.
Evergreen Energy (mentioned above), formerly KFx
Inc, have had a strategic alliance with Sasol-Lurgi of
Germany since 2003. In June 2004 KFx Inc announced the initial upgrade of a plant at the Powder
River Basin (PRB), near Gillette, Wyoming which
was completed in November 2005. This upgrade allowed for the production of 750,000 t/y of K-fuel utilising coal from nearby mines.
Meanwhile FMI Cowboy Coal are using a fluidised
bed reactor to upgrade LRC, mainly sub-bituminous
coal from the Powder River Basin. The upgraded
product has reduced moisture content and increased
heating value, improved from 19 MJ/kg to 27 MJ/kg
(HHV). The emissions from combustion are reduced,
both in terms of mercury content and the amount of
carbon dioxide produced (NEC, 2008c).
The process claims a number of key advantages. First,
it uses established technology. Second, it can be
scaled up in size. Third, it uses a portion of the feedstock, some 68%, as a source of heat (so no other
source of energy is required), which avoids the need
for a boiler.
Processes in the Peoples Republic of China

Coal water mixture (CWM) is a coal-based liquid
fuel, which is convenient for handling and transport.
The CWM consists of 6570% coal particles, 2934%
water and less than 1% chemical additive. In terms of
combustion costs, CWM costs are claimed to be lower
than crude oil and natural gas. The combustion efficiency of CWM can be up to 98%, which is similar to
oil. The combustion of CWM can potentially save
30% of the cost of fuel compared to direct coal combustion. However, this will be counteracted, at least in
part, by high preparation costs of the CWM and boiler
de-rating.
CWM can provide an alternative to liquid fuels, which
is important in the Peoples Republic of China because it reduces imports of these fuels which are expensive. CWM is largely used in the boilers of oilfired power plants, large industrial boilers and industrial kilns. There are ten CWM plants in the Peoples
Republic of China with a total capacity of 1% of coal
use. This is well above the level of demand, suggesting that switching from oil to CWM is not considered
acceptable (Minchester, 2004).
Due to overcapacity, alternative markets are being
sought, including its possible use in smaller industrial
boilers that currently use diesel oil, reducing expenditure on imported diesel. This could be significant in
Southern China where diesel is used in large quantities. The cost of de-rating and boiler maintenance will
have to be balanced against the cost saving of using
CWM rather than diesel or other liquid fuels.
Conclusions
Coal quality is central to good thermal efficiency,
which in turn gives rise to lower carbon dioxide emissions. With increasing global demand for coal, low
rank coals may be able to meet this demand with the
proper application of coal upgrading technologies and
processes. The only risk is that greenhouse gas emissions penalties are introduced which selectively target
existing brown coal plants.
A number of demonstration cleaning processes have
been described using a range of approaches. The ultraclean coal products do not compete with coal, but
rather with oil and natural gas.
New power generation and coal drying technologies,
such as integrated drying gasification combined cycle
(IDGCC), mechanical and thermal dewatering (MTE),
fluidised bed drying with internal waste heat utilisation (WTA), Drycol and lignite fuel enhancement system (LFES) offer major improvements in efficiency
and reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. These
technologies are planned to be ready for the next generation of power stations and have substantial prospects for implementation with low rank coals.
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COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III - III.1
PART III
WORLD COAL OVERVIEW
1. PRODUCTION
Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1)

(thousand tonnes)
Australia
(2)
Austria
Belgium(2)
Canada
Czech Republic
France(2)
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(2)
Korea(2)
Mexico(2)
Netherlands
New Zealand(2)
Norway
Poland
Portugal(2)
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States(2)
IEA Total
OECD Total
Algeria
Botswana
Dem. Rep. of Congo
Egypt
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
United Rep. of Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
55483
10362
12337
27780
26350
104407
1186
64
25090
13571
2578
1829
2325
415
156630
221
9991
12
4642
131985
530064
1114744
1117322
333
130
565
394
327
62352
940
2806
160
451
1015
1374
2834
33
50
71610
8018
20173
27721
20190
94492
883
60
18027
18625
3089
1930
288
193121
177
12838
18
3598
130097
710178
1332044
1335133
3
138
680
207
176
115120
1
570
2768
196
390
1748
1125
4164
41
42
122346
7666
34310
26401
17055
88849
592
57
16381
22543
5193
101
2279
507
191642
237
16091
13
3605
94111
735935
1380721
1385914
23
437
121
775
35
140
173500
15
511
3104
317
400
1661
1291
8766
127
40
158572
2357
37673
22415
11199
76553
169
25
58
7979
17217
6933
2424
303
147736
281
14612
11
2745
92762
853647
1448738
1455671
794
126
526
40
90
174800
4
377
5345
332
276
637
2183
21375
97
2189
191055
1
637
38621
17738
8495
58858
1
6317
5720
9320
3214
292
137166
13497
2248
53037
858627
1395524
1404844
898
93
650
38
20
206211
44
152
4693
344
305
240
1038
25651
51
4064
239429
375
33805
14855
3804
37376
2964
4150
11344
3643
632
103331
11317
2392
31198
893972
1383243
1394587
948
96
58
31
16
3
224200
79
194
4260
585
259
159
366
38242
17
7885
300190
109
29086
13254
617
28018
95
2832
10755
5021
1471
97904
8548
2170
20498
962440
1472253
1483008
967
120
25
12
3
8
244986
75
150
3621
678
25
528
544
59064
43
7195
299715
29
29900
13394
452
23762
21
2824
11487
5516
2395
95223
8353
2319
18517
991473
1493893
1505380
889
124
25
4
41
8
244774
80
64
3447
682
141
219
674
65596
107
7338
324571
32812
12894
422
24185
158
2886
12514
4574
3995
88312
7873
2462
17007
981690
1503841
1516355
810
128
25
24
8
247666
85
14
3237
707
110
228
243
69902
112
7647
325375
1
32840
12663
277
19068
117
2773
11478
4656
3282
84345
7314
2601
18054
1007222
1520588
1532066
858
132
25
38
8
252251
90
1
3039
748
110
355
667
73502
142
6174
335242
27961
11001
200
14971
72
2519
10548
4303
2641
78035
6953
1879
18374
918716
1422867
1433415
1036
116
24
24
8
247297
68
168
3748
968
164
350
622
72903
128
3680
III.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART III
Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
Bangladesh
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
PR of China
Bulgaria
Romania
Croatia
Serbia
Former Yugoslavia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Islam. Rep. of Iran
Non OECD Total
World
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
77
451
361
76588 111000 150468 211184 268280 311428 404461 428358 454358
149
304
1852
6814
35547
62784 143601 195789 223845
23198
34106
40000
35693
23700
22500
26864
27160
23860
100
121
346
802
1062
1075
480
595
1290
70
105
357
302
10
11
43
40
12
468
993
1019
1075
6
17
9
9
9
1143
1569
2238
2745
3638
3095
4871
3643
4124
39
325
1261
1226
1287
1351
2877
2353
3398
3327
2574
1858
472
235
83
5
2990
5200
5594
4638
8350
11609
32396
38910
42546
117
511
151
108
74
277
418
436
443
417000 620150 837272 1050734 1342859 1231074 2158908 2320207 2466428
351
267
223
143
194
118
9
27
215
7172
8060
8657
4446
359
281
x
x
x
156
75
x
x
x
137
55
88
576
388
400
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1103
34
7
5
9
14
x
x
x 128000
80754
74886
82788
92010
93538
x
x
x
1495
183
104
49
45
37
x
x
x 237514 162411 152538 209213 210418 217878
x
x
x
475
14
9
84
82
158
x
x
x 143483
74002
61601
60007
61439
58739
x
x
x
200
74
69
73
109
160
510600 553000 569000
x
x
x
x
x
x
903
925
1106
835
1084
1246
1330
1529
1634
2008
840
488550
235107
25098
1476
319
1124
9
3738
3609
38826
476
2734421
41
x
11
106200
55
222432
176
59465
198
x
1590
2009e
840
526145
263336
28552
1686
337
1173
12
3257
2356
42143
1786
2971413
199
x
78
96246
136
228602
84
54809
68
x
1560
1117927 1465759 1811866 2041527 2249135 2213447 3447984 3709635 3925143 4261901 4556122
2235249 2800892 3197780 3497198 3653979 3608034 4930992 5215015 5441498 5793967 5989537
(1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal.
(1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.
(2) Includes sub-bituminous coal.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries
Table 1.2: World coking coal production

(thousand tonnes)
1978
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Japan
Mexico
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
IEA Total
OECD Total
Algeria
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Malaysia
Mongolia
Chinese Taipei
PR of China
Bulgaria
Romania
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Ukraine
37668
40086
54835
64631
79375
3805
4036
3484
13780
14151
24371
27660
28624
18553
17403
16465
14383
10824
4664
4114
3388
1821
439
52239
56036
51401
44577
31686
861
883
592
169
8659
6943
3921
3085
3089
3713
2963
1645
11
173
319
578
1553
227
160
174
40845
31495
31143
28793
28714
1800
1333
907
279
2964
2435
2247
1824
929
15110
10050
2608
1600
599
92201 117716
89463
93259
77166
293387 307014 285318 279574 259909
296472 310103 289031 282537 261554
3
23
9718
10605
11142
9308
10165
1
1
946
991
269
612
621
1317
1545
1407
499
106
705
716
745
775
681
13938
18055
25847
36088
28803
103
286
1767
3415
3836
2500
2543
107
3
52604
68222
68370
85657 147846
2134
1828
3825
1482
349
x
x
x
574
x
x
x
29983
12756
x
x
x
85458
55645
x
x
x
7
x
x
x
62283
25783
103750
28164
8136
18862
2214
1644
17222
735
255
54287
233055
235269
3204
813
15
587
22088
4114
123748
13
10687
51035
27844
128310
26613
7136
15171
1792
2446
14071
648
274
46444
241113
242905
1640
690
210
514
23584
10702
280648
10981
55505
23166
123989
26000
7748
13113
1914
2766
14573
631
266
44599
233685
235599
1584
657
136
517
23747
24484
228
338972
12204
54027
23051
142646
28126
7674
13753
2058
1923
13636
684
266
47307
256015
258073
1608
617
144
522
25581
29264
154
379135
12407
57441
21534
140108
28344
7512
10554
1889
2362
12024
858
307
57367
259436
261325
1638
579
260
541
25318
29468
155
384962
14086
54402
19776
130600
22980
5900
9064
1793
1902
8540
619
246
46559
226410
228203
1606
714
260
579
55
32192
29481
12
155
412389
1
12766
55911
18228
Former Soviet Union

Islam. Rep. of Iran
139250 143534 134985

678
842
1006
x
910
x
930
x
1025
x
1039
x
1266
x
1242
Non OECD Total
224705 250177 250329 316312 285444 245058 408570 480632 529446 532451 565591
World
521177 560280 539360 598849 546998 480327 651475 716231 787519 793776 793794
x
760
x
914
Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1)

(thousand tonnes)
Australia
(2)
Austria
Belgium(2)
Canada
Czech Republic
France(2)
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(2)
Korea(2)
Mexico(2)
Netherlands
New Zealand(2)
Norway
Poland
Portugal(2)
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States(2)
IEA Total
OECD Total
Algeria
Botswana
Dem. Rep. of Congo
Egypt
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
55483
10362
12337
27780
26350
104407
1186
64
25090
13571
2578
1829
2325
415
156630
221
9991
12
4642
131985
530064
1114744
1117322
333
130
565
394
327
62352
940
2806
160
451
1015
1374
2834
33
50
31524
3982
6022
10318
16076
38456
60
11084
18625
1757
128
161626
177
11505
18
1163
120047
592462
1025030
1025030
138
680
207
176
104515
1
570
1777
196
390
203
1125
3448
41
42
67511
4182
9939
9936
13667
37448
57
12460
22543
1480
101
1960
333
160499
237
15184
13
1358
91503
646472
1095403
1096883
437
121
775
35
140
162358
15
511
2835
317
400
254
1291
8021
127
40
93941
2357
10013
8032
9378
31976
25
58
7979
17217
3970
1846
303
118943
281
14333
11
921
91162
760388
1169164
1173134
794
126
526
40
90
165492
3
377
4733
332
276
138
2183
20600
97
2189
111680
1
637
9997
6914
8056
27172
1
6317
5720
7675
1661
292
108452
13497
1319
52438
781461
1135615
1143290
898
93
650
38
20
196046
43
152
4072
344
305
134
1038
24970
51
4064
135679
375
5641
6719
3804
18514
2964
4150
9130
1999
632
86109
11317
1657
30943
839685
1150188
1159318
948
96
58
31
16
3
220996
79
194
3447
585
259
144
366
37655
17
7885
171880
109
2473
6118
617
12847
95
2832
8963
2575
1471
83833
8548
1522
20224
915996
1231140
1240103
967
120
25
12
3
8
243346
75
150
2931
678
25
318
544
58550
43
7195
175726
29
3900
5646
452
10649
21
2824
9573
2750
2395
80650
8353
1688
18251
946874
1260208
1269781
889
124
25
4
41
8
243190
80
64
2790
682
141
83
674
65079
107
7338
181925
4686
5220
422
10432
158
2886
10456
2651
3995
74676
7873
1778
16741
934383
1247826
1258282
810
128
25
24
8
246058
85
14
2620
707
110
84
243
69380
112
7647
185267
1
4496
5151
277
8514
117
2773
9589
2294
3282
72321
7314
1743
17747
949855
1261152
1270741
858
132
25
38
8
250613
90
1
2460
748
110
95
667
72961
142
6174
204642
4981
5101
200
5907
72
2519
8755
2401
2641
69495
6953
1260
18128
872157
1196457
1205212
1036
116
24
24
8
245691
68
168
3034
968
164
90
622
72324
128
3625
Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
Bangladesh
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
PR of China
Bulgaria
Romania
Croatia
Serbia
Former Yugoslavia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Islam. Rep. of Iran
Non OECD Total
World
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
76588
92945 124621 175096 239477 289340
149
304
1749
6528
33780
58670
23198
30270
37500
33150
23700
22500
100
121
346
480
595
1290
70
10
11
43
40
12
468
6
17
1143
1569
2238
2745
3638
3095
39
325
1261
1226
1287
1351
3327
2574
1751
469
235
83
5
2990
5200
5594
4638
8350
11609
117
511
151
108
74
277
417000 551928 768902 965077 1195013 1107326
351
267
223
143
194
118
7172
6232
4832
2964
10
268
x
x
x
156
75
x
x
x
137
55
88
576
388
400
x
x
x
x
x
x
529
34
7
x
x
x
98017
67998
64199
x
x
x
1495
183
104
x
x
x 152056 106766 101503
x
x
x
475
7
9
x
x
x
81200
48219
33757
x
x
x
200
74
69
510600 409466 434015
x
x
x
903
83
100
75
170
336
2005
77
380877
132899
26864
802
105
993
9
4871
2877
32396
418
1878260
9
x
5
71807
49
153708
84
36841
73
x
400
2006
451
404611
171305
27160
1062
129
1019
9
3643
2353
38910
436
1981235
27
x
9
79806
45
156391
82
38388
109
x
504
2007
361
428777
194581
23860
1075
148
1075
9
4124
3398
42546
443
2087293
215
x
14
81131
37
160437
158
37205
160
x
595
2008
840
463232
205639
25098
1476
164
1124
9
3738
3609
38826
476
2349459
41
x
11
92114
55
168030
176
39689
198
x
324
2009e
840
493953
233855
28552
1674
182
1173
12
3257
2356
42143
1786
2559024
198
x
78
83480
136
172691
84
36581
68
x
318
1117927 1215582 1561537 1725215 1963691 1968389 3039414 3229003 3395697 3729450 3990531
2235249 2240612 2658420 2898349 3106981 3127707 4279517 4498784 4653979 5000191 5195743
(1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal.
Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Australia
(2)
Austria
Canada
Czech Republic
France(2)
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan(2)
New Zealand(2)
Poland
Slovak Republic
Spain
Turkey
United States(2)
IEA Total
OECD Total
South Africa
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Mongolia
Myanmar
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
Albania
Bulgaria
Romania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
F.Y.R. of Macedonia
Serbia
Slovenia
Former Yugoslavia
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
24121
32894
38380
45990
50752
67293
67152
67737
65613
72400
64000
3328
2865
3081
2448
1297
1249
8135
16515
26543
30659
36360
35358
36259
36104
36552
34909
34975
75965
89086
94636
78983
57163
50307
48772
49518
49732
47537
45415
2764
2560
1839
2333
1401
296
366409 389726 434037 357468 192756 167691 177907 176321 180409 175313 169857
13301
23198
35888
51896
57662
63887
69398
64787
66308
65720
64722
25925
25142
23500
17332
14772
14033
9570
9952
9818
9404
8986
1190
1286
1892
956
172
14
100
27
143
208
247
161
231
213
246
251
260
254
260
39215
36866
57746
67584
63547
59484
61636
60844
57538
59668
57108
5804
5796
5731
4766
3759
3648
2511
2201
2111
2423
2573
3003
15454
23572
21070
14808
12154
10933
10094
9309
2873
2494
7754
15027
36392
44683
52825
60876
56170
61936
72902
76801
70491
12948
42783
65701
79914
78471
77619
76151
76429
71291
68659
65750
590105 699433 849185 806243 625976 614122 616705 616174 621843 615961 586631
590105 699433 849185 806243 625976 614122 616705 616174 621843 615961 586631
33
1324
3494
6051
3958
4959
6553
5727
5669
5737
6257
5668
61
40
35
368
3320
5110
8040
14074
22146
24247
30228
31285
33980
32421
34692
148
3672
5598
13820
27110
30735
36723
38488
38187
7000
10000
12000
10660
7600
7243
7746
7946
6478
7235
8956
6043
6562
3729
5115
7412
7945
9090
9908
10800
27
43
38
23
112
367
393
414
433
453
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
361
1525
5188
12421
18416
17708
20878
19001
18239
17982
17706
1802
951
1804
2206
3985
811
1420
2150
2071
80
30
64
64
64
85
116
26459
29946
30657
31532
30636
26314
24686
25651
28418
29009
27174
17679
27104
37924
33737
40762
29004
31106
34923
35780
35861
30606
x
x
x
19670
1640
7439
9119
10145
10609
11686
9540
x
x
x
18
7
x
x
x
6644
7249
7516
6881
6639
6509
7630
5040
x
x
x
45800
40540
37006
35100
36780
37148
38709
38281
x
x
x
5583
4884
4480
4540
4522
4535
4520
4430
31874
40913
68072
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Estonia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Lithuania
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Israel
x
x
x
22486
x
x
x
3443
x
x
x
2140
x
x
x
x
x
x 134385
x
x
x
450
x
x
x
9280
x
x
x
6200
157000 163000 157000
x
303
12433
3740
280
83317
27
2296
2980
x
470
11727
2558
321
87786
13
802
2500
x
390
14591
3798
286
73668
15
354
3003
x
429
14095
4221
276
74148
23
232
3126
x
452
16544
4291
358
71143
23
186
3282
x
429
16117
4872
437
82530
23
163
3092
x
427
15007
5278
474
47
68158
12
175
3200
x
444
Non OECD Total

World
248095 286564 333355 375130 293815 292687 307111 318274 331785 348836 326649
838200 985997 1182540 1181373 919791 906809 923816 934448 953628 964797 913280
(1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite. For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.
(2) Excludes sub-bituminous coal.
Table 1.5: OECD production of coke oven coke (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
4983
1719
7774
5370
9383
11881
41614
400
1082
7665
52300
318
2021
2655
20
282
16938
269
1500
4475
533
1251
17776
62803
4991
1729
6048
5250
8725
11120
35492
247
975
8264
47463
2965
2447
2455
13
349
19598
216
1598
3900
1188
1937
10060
41850
3603
1751
5964
4684
8328
8691
30171
607
7410
48621
5253
2924
2958
5
313
15828
275
1909
3440
1203
2711
9276
25992
4495
1725
5420
3708
7125
487
7197
21926
672
6356
51118
8800
2384
2736
13516
230
2340
3211
1084
3158
8350
25053
4617
1448
3696
3283
4963
920
5566
11102
1033
5185
44778
10593
2148
2888
11578
331
1861
2438
1149
3131
6274
21545
3739
1385
3104
3242
3411
910
5234
9115
937
4504
41220
12288
2100
2116
8972
371
1706
2470
1146
2925
6206
18876
3808
1388
2856
3305
3412
894
4445
8397
614
4574
42645
8935
2002
2238
420
8404
1846
2662
1411
2992
4364
15168
3634
1398
2895
3199
3428
870
4689
8372
921
4688
43733
9888
2048
2162
419
9613
1856
2839
1188
3213
4629
14881
3634
1424
2607
3098
3258
865
4465
8441
1017
4727
44437
9926
2058
2163
425
10168
1748
2742
1194
3335
4477
14697
3636
1410
2309
3040
3399
860
4488
8242
999
4485
41034
10857
2074
2086
406
9831
1582
2646
1176
3976
4359
14194
2727
1281
1235
2189
2295
738
2700
6176
746
2767
38086
9632
1763
1382
416
7095
1573
1963
987
3422
3693
10108
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD Pacific
127197 113901 100835

127197 113901 100835
68173
47100
30676
70194
49547
33600
57621
55432
57482
85533
85533
28761
31145
64413
63563
63563
24828
26976
59988
54512
54512
22118
24218
57247
50497
50497
18473
20475
55808
52761
52761
18080
20128
57674
52631
52631
17795
19853
58422
51848
51848
17234
19308
55933
38053
38053
12297
14060
50861
IEA Total
OECD Total
252991 216433 188993 178707 148379 133877 124778 128515 128848 125015 101211
255012 218880 191917 181091 150527 135977 126780 130563 130906 127089 102974
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry.
(1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
2. CONSUMPTION
Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Australia
(2)
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States(2)
27292
34422
39980
49299
51739
60830
67874
68169
70670
70834
71780
2856
2871
3178
4159
3392
3724
4054
4241
4188
3837
3171
17169
17004
15576
16153
12394
11046
7551
7183
6518
5887
4529
17556
21361
21522
18886
15900
22503
20451
21240
12812
12326
7847
27780
23937
22030
20060
14180
10717
9221
9890
9760
9428
7919
3146
9669
11935
9992
11003
6641
6293
9172
7908
6836
6778
3035
5692
5318
5648
6540
5193
4598
7612
7075
4986
5722
40289
48080
36507
28791
22611
21801
21142
19071
20512
19122
14595
105801
96385
93466
86965
74224
68963
63952
65538
70097
64067
53525
651
545
1750
1380
1480
1121
563
463
710
523
85
2137
1695
1043
971
1402
1280
1341
1851
1965
1907
1334
1
12
69
65
65
101
117
108
138
109
97
822
1066
1586
3198
2689
2944
2870
2588
2377
2236
1885
11603
17024
21894
21327
17446
18013
24240
24798
25118
24910
19117
81690
87699 109391 114960 133564 153190 176974 179098 187000 184189 164780
16329
27790
42505
44776
44634
66548
82272
84709
92044 102723 106101
305
346
199
197
217
171
111
153
109
99
26
2894
3973
5317
6881
10243
12290
17556
17459
17482
13677
16417
4794
5973
10276
14032
14281
12740
13009
12648
13445
12685
11872
2317
1768
1810
2002
1938
1779
3935
3909
2832
3197
3025
772
951
1118
749
1018
1035
795
637
678
695
538
122097 163778 156570 120231 107823
83371
80438
86130
85336
82668
75949
805
604
1050
4397
5708
6154
5476
5467
4742
4156
4678
5834
5373
5809
5879
5330
4656
4983
5148
5021
4651
4327
13260
16531
25198
26047
27488
32804
32948
29395
33090
23982
20047
1060
2138
4158
3709
3444
2861
3070
3235
3192
2774
1838
258
315
640
481
245
173
178
141
182
162
155
4595
4630
6189
8146
8548
15526
19421
22798
25350
22720
22246
133527 123610 105980 106722
75916
59839
61779
67341
62777
57935
49322
492567 608038 682608 736926 782788 892126 953585 941276 955157 951307 856248
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD/IEA Pacific
502596
502597
510123
513017
127628
Austria
Belgium(2)
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland(2)
France(2)
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland(2)
Ireland
Italy
Japan(2)
Korea(2)
Luxembourg
Mexico(2)
Netherlands
New Zealand(2)
Norway
Poland
Portugal(2)
IEA total
OECD total
548217
548229
629399
633372
151679
531470
531539
704130
709447
193686
489234
489299
755812
762693
211037
417379
417444
798688
808931
231875
370773
370874
914629
926919
282347
368033
368150
974036
991592
331055
385500
385608
962516
979975
335885
390150
390288
967969
985451
352546
356266
356375
963633
977310
360943
309658
309755
864095
880512
345686
1140347 1329295 1429286 1456083 1447942 1567749 1673124 1683901 1710665 1680842 1519439
1143242 1333280 1434672 1463029 1458250 1580140 1690797 1701468 1728285 1694628 1535953
Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Algeria
Botswana
Dem. Rep. of Congo
Egypt
Kenya
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Tunisia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Panama
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other Latin America
Bangladesh
Hong Kong (China)
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
PR of China
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
63
93
1226
1005
632
689
819
866
856
856
789
466
815
912
1041
969
922
887
862
1036
170
167
156
169
136
132
162
171
182
193
185
477
894
1192
1340
1540
1820
1777
1713
1708
1671
937
70
16
90
151
96
66
125
167
151
155
43
582
635
1110
1774
2665
4018
4938
4926
5019
4463
2690
587
288
106
58
56
9
10
23
16
3
20
64
77
413
143
289
151
94
55
20
3
8
8
8
8
8
152
167
215
215
200
60408
86961 125870 124900 147205 157135 175403 177880 183591 182026 180593
1
15
4
44
79
75
80
85
90
68
33
21
21
15
941
618
471
375
148
128
140
58
14
1
176
2758
2614
3026
5355
4494
4297
3698
3521
3306
3104
3788
222
278
379
454
444
702
751
903
1140
1207
3075
1072
1425
1247
1367
1439
1058
1383
1454
1573
1790
1363
2842
6354
9870
10650
12080
13457
14270
13764
15068
15300
15227
1711
1678
1792
3720
3391
4590
4571
5726
5721
7726
6654
2859
4135
4630
4825
5608
4231
4173
3815
3697
4351
3449
1
1
1
1
2
2
25
1
45
90
126
153
63
15
12
22
14
18
23
224
17
80
93
476
704
728
763
781
22
215
588
616
660
672
591
61
12
135
183
190
201
211
63
52
55
72
60
32
36
48
33
13
32
32
51
60
4
86
74
107
149
389
708
1075
850
1180
1073
883
32
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
53
42
42
355
7
181
52
52
62
50
53
235
243
235
98
563
642
660
742
946
897
1257
861
12
3
5523
8928
9109
6058
10824
11403
12261
11345
12369
73410 108622 154347 211533 278553 338729 430693 459871 500094 545360 591718
129
237
771
1943
4746
5600
15445
23717
27499
33772
33785
23580
34456
42200
37793
24340
22241
24235
24860
20267
22636
25637
13
76
517
1936
2303
3298
12728
13147
16519
17717
15858
480
595
1290
70
105
357
302
319
337
74
221
223
80
15
38
145
155
163
170
175
78
83
17
81
129
430
410
424
438
461
488
1270
1667
2954
4245
4723
4045
7714
7894
10111
8390
7528
40
303
2416
2570
2998
8597
9906
10070
11127
11794
9396
1
8
5
93
70
68
72
41
3572
5956
11085
17230
26167
42055
54711
56783
59358
56971
60278
1
94
212
250
2315
3684
8479
11104
14051
15863
14696
2770
4052
4990
3951
5917
7808
14510
16152
16623
20386
17331
220
657
345
303
221
564
782
617
681
732
1400
414180 626010 803907 1050895 1316745 1214798 2098830 2305093 2454333 2683179 3085576
Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Albania
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Malta
Romania
Croatia
F.Y.R. of Macedonia
Serbia
Slovenia
Former Yugoslavia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Estonia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Bahrain
Islam. Rep. of Iran
Israel
Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
89
160
220
302
6136
6999
8277
6046
3443
3379
4361
4259
4916
4637
3247
74
97
97
49
52
54
49
40
29
192
300
52
8490
12009
14705
9351
5065
2649
3041
2796
2950
2048
366
x
x
x
592
629
672
712
665
x
x
x
1150
143
623
1057
987
1081
1121
1096
x
x
x
129
142
67
3
57
18
14
78
x
x
x
137
55
218
67
62
93
151
35
x
x
x
32
20
11
49
46
66
63
28
2540
3790
5089
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
552
3
1
3
2
10
x
x
x
200
6
x
x
x
2389
1125
504
168
132
83
76
47
x
x
x
382
85
87
56
70
130
129
30
x
x
x
1323
44
27
18
16
48
119
87
x
x
x
85806
61195
47000
58561
65401
65302
63778
73795
x
x
x
4014
505
830
887
817
813
835
89
x
x
x
917
252
97
120
130
162
162
122
x
x
x
1303
372
130
284
396
379
324
220
x
x
x
4510
1315
181
167
194
131
198
15
x
x
x 240033 163266 142222 141438 145771 142034 148763 135913
x
x
x
1044
14
16
90
88
166
184
84
x
x
x
670
x
x
x 139440
86898
65887
63614
68237
68196
70382
57391
x
x
x
2740
81
69
73
109
160
198
68
490220 529110 543430
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
948
1783
1444
1061
1546
1879
1810
1939
1973
1754
1585
2927
3720
6568
10591
12124
12991
13294
12940
12642
1
1
180
200
200
200
200
200
109
1
1
-
Non OECD Total
1103331 1443087 1758798 2008356 2194261 2130320 3195067 3466720 3673926 3966533 4388339
World
2246573 2776367 3193470 3471385 3652511 3710460 4885864 5168188 5402211 5661161 5924292
(1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal.
Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption

(thousand tonnes)
1978
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
7216
2006
7524
6776
12567
12980
41881
213
1740
9909
58724
2009
4053
2953
414
25847
423
2180
4863
1227
3429
14988
68885
7049
2371
8010
7321
12166
7
14570
50293
384
1695
11237
70203
3987
3973
3521
8
432
25272
363
2336
5407
1654
3407
11628
61457
5476
2391
8086
6483
11365
6
11332
47825
1043
20
7
10165
73456
6959
3837
4061
6
394
17745
370
2790
4908
1620
4825
11122
37246
5932
2337
7157
5023
9941
711
9669
42216
971
13
14
8633
64934
11735
2911
4391
219
18127
313
3136
4456
1515
5335
10517
35269
5874
1908
4737
4417
6648
1650
7739
33993
1402
7
6966
59796
16305
1875
4893
17405
455
2745
3312
1646
4658
8487
29934
4799
1877
4045
4461
4972
1284
6543
24462
1280
14
6658
57081
19415
932
4054
13332
497
2597
3556
1772
7042
8824
25963
5354
1899
3263
4289
4334
1401
6222
22193
808
14
5630
56530
20883
676
4699
11157
2738
3463
1377
5585
6569
20893
4678
1892
3753
4550
4334
1073
5978
21690
1301
19
6089
57672
20734
841
4391
12977
2850
3556
1897
5929
7044
20902
5354
1901
3448
4774
4099
1418
6144
23000
1460
30
6197
58205
21736
1019
4703
13642
2854
3667
1604
5816
7170
20524
4548
1863
2912
4987
4301
1077
6700
20013
1432
50
5925
57386
23835
975
4419
13012
2617
3453
1586
6878
6931
19989
3640
1693
1664
3784
3555
1069
3543
15447
1022
46
2768
52244
20107
1899
3402
9832
2391
2502
1440
5322
5688
14042
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD Pacific
145144 154753 140055 129439 108644

145144 154753 140075 129452 108651
75661
68778
43729
40292
34351
79714
72751
47566
43203
36226
67949
81247
85897
82820
81975
92795
92809
30424
31356
81295
81338
81352
25182
25858
82767
84754
84773
25452
26293
83084
87123
87153
25298
26317
85295
83119
83169
24976
25951
85769
61338
61384
17826
19725
75991
IEA Total
OECD Total
288754 304778 269681 252551 224970 204514 189287 193290 197716 193864 155155
292807 308751 273538 255475 226852 205460 189977 194150 198765 194889 157100
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Guatemala
Jamaica
Peru
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Mongolia
Pakistan
Chinese Taipei
Other Asia
PR of China
Albania
Bulgaria
Romania
Croatia
F.Y.R. of Macedonia
Slovenia
Former Yugoslavia
Armenia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Former Soviet Union
Islam. Rep. of Iran
1978
1980
1985
50
975
7018
946
990
4869
385
705
40
15757
3857
16
1386
52304
25
1921
5734
x
x
x
x
1447
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
93
894
7158
991
801
6154
454
716
49
15441
4286
98
1513
66822
25
1926
5228
x
x
x
x
3402
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1226
1192
6000
269
826
9602
427
745
50
28149
5000
716
2562
62873
33
1553
7825
x
x
x
x
4689
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
129250 131534 123985

1107
1700
1344
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
1005
632
689
819
866
856
856
789
1339
1540
1820
1777
1713
1708
1671
923
65
5675
4220
2569
2975
2765
2589
2353
1224
1
1
612
621
813
690
657
617
579
714
1418
1121
589
558
789
987
961
1181
692
10489
11094
9936
9742
9379
10376
10345
9207
492
715
714
703
700
694
675
673
775
681
587
514
517
522
541
497
180
188
212
220
260
52
55
72
60
32
36
48
33
37
51
44
39491
39409
35852
39041
41083
46010
46544
55454
107
5143
1040
101
175
180
147
164
65
228
154
155
155
1102
1085
950
565
311
466
1200
552
4150
4208
5236
4919
4810
4600
4597
3352
43
80373 140501 119758 282365 339626 381149 387528 445657
62
1854
1693
1325
1051
947
751
434
10
5082
5047
2257
2963
2738
2883
1951
312
592
629
672
712
650
747
338
117
70
67
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
10
686
6
29983
10853
10294
10699
11874
12108
13710
12293
2
1
53885
50669
43938
44991
44622
46529
42200
46126
7
2
2
2
2
2
54508
31642
30581
29821
30311
30296
27722
21269
x
986
1388
1605
1450
1489
1395
1467
1347
Non OECD Total
228782 249285 259066 299768 307817 269768 436883 496656 545734 546855 604235
World
521589 558036 532604 555243 534669 475228 626860 690806 744499 741744 761335
Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Australia
(2)
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States(2)
27292
27373
34504
43367
45865
56031
62520
63491
65316
66286
68140
2856
500
787
1822
1484
1847
2155
2349
2287
1974
1478
17169
8994
7490
8996
7657
7001
4288
3430
3070
2975
2865
17556
14040
15039
13863
11483
18042
16162
16690
8038
7339
4063
27780
11771
10665
10119
7532
5745
4887
5556
5661
5127
4364
3146
9662
11929
9992
11003
6641
6293
9172
7908
6836
6778
3035
5692
5318
4937
4890
3909
3197
6539
5657
3909
4653
40289
33510
25175
19122
14872
15258
14920
13093
14368
12422
11052
105801
46092
45641
44749
40231
44501
41759
43848
47097
44054
38078
651
161
1750
1380
1480
1121
563
463
710
523
85
2137
533
550
505
475
312
1
12
49
52
58
87
103
89
108
59
51
822
1066
1579
3184
2689
2944
2870
2588
2377
2236
1885
11603
5787
11729
12694
10480
11355
18610
18709
18921
18985
16349
81690
17496
35935
50026
73768
96109 120444 121426 128795 126803 112536
16329
23803
35546
33041
28329
47133
61389
63975
70308
78888
85994
305
346
199
197
217
171
111
153
109
99
26
2894
1480
3970
8368
11358
16880
16618
16463
12702
14518
4794
2452
6215
9641
9388
8686
8310
8257
8742
8266
8470
2317
1760
1804
1783
1938
1779
3935
3909
2832
3197
3025
772
519
724
749
1018
1035
795
637
678
695
538
122097 138506 138825 102104
90418
70039
69281
73153
71694
69656
66117
805
241
680
4084
5253
5657
5476
5467
4742
4156
4678
5834
3037
3019
2743
2585
2059
2245
2298
2167
2034
1936
13260
11124
20290
21591
24176
29248
29485
25839
29423
20529
17545
1060
484
2538
2194
1798
1089
1693
1338
1588
1188
398
258
315
640
481
245
173
178
141
182
162
155
4595
1223
1364
2811
3890
8484
13836
16869
19534
15842
16924
133527 111982
94858
96205
67429
51015
55210
60297
55607
51004
43634
492567 546581 645362 701657 752854 866163 932692 920374 934633 931318 842206
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD/IEA Pacific
502596
502597
510123
513017
127628
Austria
Belgium(2)
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland(2)
France(2)
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland(2)
Ireland
Italy
Japan(2)
Korea(2)
Luxembourg
Mexico(2)
Netherlands
New Zealand(2)
Norway
Poland
Portugal(2)
IEA Total
OECD Total
393464
393476
560621
560621
70432
391415
391464
660401
661881
107789
359795
359847
715520
719490
128217
308735
308793
764337
772705
149900
277978
278065
884205
895563
201052
286695
286798
948854
965734
248288
300746
300835
937064
953682
252801
303027
303135
942671
959134
267251
273147
273206
938657
951359
275174
248320
248371
846269
860787
269695
1140347 1024517 1159605 1203532 1222972 1363235 1483837 1490611 1512949 1486978 1364284
1143242 1024529 1161134 1207554 1231398 1374680 1500820 1507318 1529520 1499739 1378853
Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Algeria
Botswana
Dem. Rep. of Congo
Egypt
Kenya
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Tunisia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Panama
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other Latin America
Bangladesh
Hong Kong (China)
India
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
PR of China
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
63
466
815
912
1041
969
922
887
862
1036
170
167
156
169
136
132
162
171
182
193
185
477
1
14
70
16
90
151
96
66
125
167
151
155
43
582
635
1110
1774
2665
4018
4938
4926
5019
4463
2625
587
288
106
58
56
9
10
23
16
3
20
64
77
413
143
289
151
94
55
20
3
8
8
8
8
8
152
167
215
215
200
60408
79803 119870 119225 142985 154566 172428 175115 181002 179673 179369
1
15
3
43
79
75
80
85
90
68
33
21
21
15
941
618
471
375
148
128
140
58
14
1
176
2758
1623
2757
4743
3873
3484
3008
2864
2689
2525
3074
222
278
379
454
444
702
751
903
1140
1207
1657
1072
624
421
246
850
500
594
467
612
609
671
2842
200
268
161
986
3521
4528
4385
4692
4955
6020
1711
1224
1365
3228
2676
3876
3868
5026
5027
7051
5981
2859
3419
3885
4050
4927
3644
3659
3298
3175
3810
2952
1
1
1
1
2
2
25
1
45
90
126
153
63
15
12
22
14
18
23
224
17
80
93
476
704
728
763
781
22
215
408
428
448
452
331
61
12
135
183
190
201
211
63
13
32
32
51
60
4
86
25
57
112
338
664
1075
850
1180
1073
883
32
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
53
42
42
355
7
181
52
52
62
50
53
235
243
235
98
563
642
660
742
946
897
1257
861
12
3
5523
8928
9109
6058
10824
11403
12261
11345
12369
73410
93181 126198 172042 239144 302877 391652 418788 454084 498816 536264
129
237
771
1943
4746
5600
15445
23717
27499
33772
33678
23580
30170
37200
32650
23300
22140
24060
24680
20120
22472
25572
13
76
517
1936
2303
3298
12728
13147
16519
17717
15858
480
595
1290
70
105
129
148
164
182
74
221
223
80
15
38
145
155
163
170
175
78
83
17
81
129
430
410
424
438
461
488
1270
1569
2238
3143
3638
3095
7149
7583
9645
7190
6976
40
303
2416
2570
2998
8597
9906
10070
11127
11794
9396
1
8
5
93
70
68
72
41
3572
4443
8523
13080
21959
36819
49792
51973
54758
52374
56926
1
94
212
250
2315
3684
8479
11104
14051
15863
14696
2770
4052
4990
3951
5917
7808
14510
16152
16623
20386
17331
220
657
345
303
221
564
782
617
681
732
1357
414180 559188 741034 970522 1176244 1095040 1816465 1965467 2073184 2295651 2639919
Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Albania
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Malta
Romania
Croatia
F.Y.R. of Macedonia
Serbia
Slovenia
Former Yugoslavia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Estonia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Bahrain
Islam. Rep. of Iran
Israel
Lebanon
1995
2000
89
135
187
240
6136
5073
6724
4192
1750
74
97
97
192
300
52
8490
6781
6880
4269
18
x
x
x
x
x
x
403
143
x
x
x
12
72
x
x
x
137
55
x
x
x
31
20
2540
388
400
x
x
x
x
x
552
3
x
x
x
200
6
x
x
x
2389
1125
x
x
x
382
85
x
x
x
637
38
x
x
x
55823
50342
x
x
x
4014
505
x
x
x
917
252
x
x
x
1303
372
x
x
x
4510
1315
x
x
x 186148 112597
x
x
x
1044
7
x
x
x
670
x
x
x
84932
55256
x
x
x
2740
81
490220 397576 419445
x
x
948
83
100
75
158
2927
3720
6568
1
1
180
2054
49
392
623
218
11
x
504
87
27
36706
830
97
130
181
98284
14
35306
69
x
274
10591
200
Syrian Arab Republic
1980
1985
1990
2005
2006
3310
3312
52
54
78
58
1057
987
3
57
67
62
49
46
x
x
1
168
132
56
70
18
16
47862
53527
887
817
120
130
284
396
167
192
96447 101149
88
86
33793
37926
73
109
x
x
360
450
12124
12991
200
200
-
2007
2008
2009e
4165
4203
49
40
67
97
1081
1121
18
14
93
151
66
63
x
x
3
2
83
76
130
129
48
119
53194
50068
813
835
162
162
379
324
130
198
95505 106563
164
182
37900
42660
160
198
x
x
578
287
13294
12940
200
200
3237
29
54
15
758
78
35
28
x
47
30
87
61502
89
122
220
15
89787
84
36122
68
x
1
238
12642
109
Non OECD Total
1103331 1193802 1499732 1708588 1886444 1860552 2758184 2970064 3128192 3419678 3784104
World
2246573 2218331 2660866 2916142 3117842 3235232 4259004 4477382 4657712 4919417 5162957
(1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal.
Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Australia
(2)
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Poland
Slovak Republic
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
United States(2)
24121
32894
38380
45990
50752
67293
67152
67737
65613
72400
64000
3328
3274
3868
2504
1743
1381
1272
754
95
87
76
95
275
276
195
220
206
290
317
281
249
8058
15911
26653
30260
36734
40465
39760
36701
44364
43044
39046
75965
79822
83854
71772
52300
50372
47622
47973
48577
45381
44547
2775
2570
2418
2094
1516
355
36
37
51
67
91
372497 391753 432521 364050 194811 169942 177892 176378 180560 174833 169869
13000
22692
36214
52053
56962
64564
70096
64598
66373
64632
64401
26896
25849
24583
19005
15529
13893
10247
10181
10088
9930
9325
38
45
36
53
9
14
25
24
1299
1385
2041
1089
196
30
8
8
4
4
7
100
27
28
84
2
4
3
3
3
3
4
20
156
103
69
33
46
50
35
58
25
18
143
208
264
207
250
261
276
280
261
255
260
34282
35308
57565
67391
63196
59488
61589
60800
57529
59651
57075
12784
16039
15784
12481
7221
4213
3307
3168
2935
3374
3266
3062
14691
23242
20776
15054
12850
11550
10103
9579
2431
1352
13
8
6
39
86
85
75
66
7642
15801
35301
46178
52471
64406
57315
60786
72827
75894
70491
12948
42129
62063
79023
80764
74265
76136
75785
71851
70443
64560
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD/IEA Pacific
553550 609463 717769 659789 461280

553550 609463 717769 659789 461280
21006
58040
88716 109283 117498
21006
58040
88716 109283 117500
24364
33129
38644
46197
51002
IEA Total
OECD Total
598920 700632 845129 815269 629780 624086 624606 615709 631181 622832 588807
598920 700632 845129 815269 629782 624090 624609 615712 631184 622835 588811
Austria
Belgium(2)
Canada
Czech Republic
France(2)
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(2)
Luxembourg
Mexico(2)
Netherlands
New Zealand(2)
441802
441802
114730
114734
67554
441282
441282
115896
115899
67428
435206
435206
112486
112489
68017
449092
449092
116215
116218
65874
436690
436690
113487
113490
72655
420941
420941
103606
103610
64260
Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (continued)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Algeria
Egypt
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Other Africa
Brazil
1280
2788
6991
4786
Chile
61
40
35
India
3762
5059
7913
14985
Indonesia
163
4422
DPR of Korea
7000
10000
12000
10660
Malaysia
Mongolia
5687
6054
Myanmar
27
43
38
Philippines
4
3
Singapore
1
1
2
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
361
1525
5132
12457
Vietnam
Other Asia
2206
4200
People's Republic of China
Albania
810
1420
2150
1843
Bulgaria
26311
29704
30657
31778
Cyprus
Malta
Romania
17690
27364
38404
36872
x
x
x
19670
Croatia
x
x
x
743
F.Y.R. of Macedonia
x
x
x
6808
Serbia
x
x
x
45800
Slovenia
x
x
x
6058
Former Yugoslavia
31356
40516
68217
x
Estonia
x
x
x
25954
Kazakhstan
x
x
x
3443
Kyrgyzstan
x
x
x
2140
Latvia
x
x
x
3
Lithuania
x
x
x
Russian Federation
x
x
x 134047
Tajikistan
x
x
x
450
Ukraine
x
x
x
7983
Uzbekistan
x
x
x
6200
Former Soviet Union
157138 163030 157015
x
Israel
303
5040
22298
5598
7600
3914
23
3
62
18496
80
30873
40635
1640
188
7293
40550
5219
x
14561
3630
287
82065
27
3000
2947
x
470
6813
24824
13755
7243
5142
59
3
4725
17586
73
25844
29313
7437
80
7702
37106
4914
x
13232
2438
339
1
88257
13
793
3473
x
390
5734
30239
25697
7746
5367
85
3
5005
21046
77
24870
1
32961
8865
83
7470
35323
5143
x
14804
3586
452
3
73156
15
409
3112
x
429
6259
30808
27794
7946
5562
111
3
5410
18852
77
25775
1
37627
9873
84
6823
37367
5185
x
14028
3973
436
3
73929
23
233
3304
x
452
5847
34654
32445
6478
5759
113
3
5718
18121
1811
77
28687
1
36613
10315
65
6966
37359
5198
x
16810
4066
472
70147
23
194
3448
x
429
5523
31846
31084
7235
5680
115
5640
18492
954
98
28530
1
37497
11372
61
7730
38590
5134
x
15704
4589
474
80769
23
189
3320
x
427
14
7
3
1
5670
206
34692
30690
8956
2
5087
117
6320
17706
1804
71
116
27150
1
31593
9160
1
5259
38376
5115
x
15030
4922
474
47
67754
12
161
3428
x
444
Non OECD Total

World
1980
1985
247976 285674 334411 383502 296499 301555 311681 321938 331819 341077 320389
846896 986306 1179540 1198771 926281 925645 936290 937650 963003 963912 909200
(1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite, sub-bituminous and oil shale.
(2) Excludes sub-bituminous coal.
Table 2.5: OECD consumption of coke oven coke (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
4983
2681
8429
5454
5913
96
877
14783
37220
414
2317
13
7099
51800
356
3235
2173
2657
20
826
14212
306
2422
5349
1900
185
1251
17034
64235
5077
2674
6542
5519
6244
116
1224
13180
32691
261
2243
16
8
7379
45795
3086
2282
2494
2363
13
849
17849
317
1642
3917
1618
131
1954
7296
37446
3520
2993
5789
5212
6472
68
1218
10353
29657
55
2000
34
22
7258
44859
5359
1854
3022
2539
6
881
14671
401
2126
3758
1494
82
2803
9209
26553
3300
2403
5265
3412
5713
40
1272
7714
21127
42
1183
30
29
6413
49564
8800
1447
2528
2339
529
9854
240
2833
3365
1422
43
3256
8244
25230
3952
2354
4287
3682
3857
43
1192
6219
14879
12
990
18
6
5656
41640
10593
521
2951
2454
500
8294
296
1964
3131
1496
31
3201
6517
22180
3456
2436
3928
3429
3144
40
1443
6119
14982
1
804
47
5041
41029
12288
3591
2027
559
5762
323
1815
1923
1495
27
3592
6114
21085
3001
2751
2951
3361
2949
34
1416
5043
12209
4
751
33
5271
42919
9276
3166
2082
420
356
3399
5
1984
2027
1701
20
3428
5001
16547
2825
2793
2863
4139
3191
35
1420
5594
11880
3
736
26
5099
44117
10202
3223
1903
419
420
3948
4
2209
1932
1433
19
3648
5257
17041
2852
2762
2422
3633
3208
38
1414
4669
13105
2
775
34
4983
45167
10477
3240
2148
425
437
3905
4
1797
1935
1478
22
3816
5243
15666
3643
2716
2942
4595
2886
35
1360
4735
12360
1
735
21
4250
40776
11557
3553
2145
406
448
3289
4
1715
2136
1405
24
4097
5102
15428
2727
2449
1631
2820
2381
26
1004
3418
9303
639
20
2485
37964
9870
1
3386
1579
416
294
2678
3
1752
1778
840
22
3696
3732
9364
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD Pacific
129219 112780 105703

129219 112796 105737
69689
42965
31765
71862
45459
34787
57159
53971
53744
84773
84803
28642
31170
61664
67900
67918
25862
28813
56185
61575
61622
24514
28105
56773
53382
53415
19908
23074
55616
54387
54413
21180
24403
57563
54163
54197
19299
22539
58921
52385
52406
20023
23576
56382
39711
39731
12184
15570
50977
IEA Total
OECD Total
256067 209716 191212 175079 149947 142862 128906 133130 132383 128790 102872
258240 212226 194268 177637 152916 146500 132105 136379 135657 132364 106278
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
3. TRADE
Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade

(million tonnes)
Steam coal
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Coking coal
Hard coal
Total
Seaborne
Total
Seaborne
Total
Seaborne
269.7
270.0
286.6
288.0
299.0
287.8
287.6
253.0
267.7
297.2
317.7
339.9
361.9
357.6
421.2
454.0
464.1
513.0
556.6
595.1
646.4
679.2
675.6
708.5
143.5
143.1
155.3
166.2
183.2
201.1
210.1
198.2
217.4
247.9
271.3
284.6
292.5
302.4
356.5
384.7
407.6
445.3
492.3
532.1
574.8
606.7
605.6
641.9
172.9
174.3
191.9
190.9
199.3
193.3
172.8
186.5
182.9
196.0
195.0
200.7
186.2
185.0
186.9
199.1
187.6
205.9
197.3
216.3
222.8
246.8
261.2
232.3
130.5
133.7
149.8
154.1
154.5
164.3
153.9
160.6
163.2
174.3
174.7
181.6
171.3
172.4
171.3
181.3
172.4
190.5
180.1
196.8
204.4
225.6
242.6
217.0
442.6
444.2
478.5
478.9
498.4
481.0
460.5
439.6
450.6
493.2
512.7
540.5
548.1
542.6
608.1
653.1
651.7
718.9
753.9
811.4
869.3
926.0
936.8
940.8
274.1
276.7
305.0
320.3
337.7
365.4
364.0
358.8
380.6
422.2
446.0
466.2
463.8
474.8
527.9
566.0
580.0
635.8
672.3
728.9
779.2
832.3
848.2
858.8
Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade

Japan
Other
OECD
Australia
Canada
Poland
United States
Other OECD
Total OECD
PR of China
Colombia
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Russian Fed.
South Africa
Other non-OECD
Tot. imp./exp.
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Latin
Balancing
World
item
America
America
Europe(1) Mid. East
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
Asia
Exporters
(million tonnes)
Africa + OECD North
Other
120.1 109.7
Europe
28.2
15.8
0.4
0.2
2.8
2.2
0.8
3.8
5.4
4.8
9.1
8.1
7.7
7.8
12.7
6.9
2.5
0.1
0.5
0.1
2.0
1.2
2.0
1.2
4.1
3.0
31.5
9.8
9.2
0.0
0.0
-2.1
-0.9
7.8
8.4
1.4
0.9
3.0
4.9
30.8
26.5
4.5
1.2
3.6
1.6
10.5
7.7
7.1
8.0
12.8
2.7
73.7
53.4
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
13.4
14.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
5.9
5.3
19.9
20.6
96.3 134.8
89.1
68.4
5.1
1.7
6.9
4.0
13.3
12.8
14.5
14.0
29.8
15.3 385.1 369.6
130.0 118.5
85.4 117.2
5.3 252.2 259.0

28.3
14.3
6.9
32.0
14.8
1.9
1.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.9
-1.8
-0.7
47.4
22.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
30.2
34.2
1.0
0.2
5.5
5.3
26.1
18.1
8.2
7.5
1.4
4.1
73.9
69.5
27.0 148.6 205.0
28.5
15.6
12.8
0.3
0.5
3.9
0.0
3.2
2.0
0.6
0.6
1.8
0.5
0.3
26.6
22.0
-0.0
-18.2 202.6 229.6
10.8
10.0
10.2
30.3
60.2
62.8
16.4
9.8
1.3
1.4
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.3
1.8
0.2
0.7
10.1
24.2
38.4
31.8
0.1
0.2
7.1
8.1
1.1
0.3
2.5
0.6
2.2
1.1
61.8
66.9
1.7
1.7
36.4
40.6
12.1
7.9
3.4
3.6
0.0
0.1
2.2
1.3
1.7
1.0
-18.9
-12.7
38.6
43.4
185.6 164.8 298.8 409.2 248.0 220.0
49.4
34.4
24.9
18.8
46.2
34.6
27.3
23.0
57.6
0.4
27.1
22.7
1.5 101.4 116.2
36.1 937.8 940.8
Data in columns OECD Europe, Japan and North America are import statistics. Data in rows Australia to Total OECD
(except for above mentioned columns) are export statistics. Data in column World are export statistics.
All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates.
The sum of coking coal and steam coal may not add up to total hard coal due to rounding, which may also result in
discrepancies among tables 3.2 to 3.4 and other trade data in this publication.
(1) Includes Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources.
Table 3.3: World steam coal trade

Japan
Other
Latin
Balancing
World
Europe
Australia
90.4 81.9 44.4 61.9
6.3
5.0
Canada
2.7
2.7
2.1
4.5
0.3
0.5
Poland
6.4
6.7
United States
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.5 12.8 11.1
Other OECD
0.0
0.0
9.3
9.9
Total OECD
93.3 84.7 47.1 66.9 35.2 33.2
PR of China
12.7
6.4 29.1 13.5
1.7
0.9
Colombia
1.5
- 29.9 34.0
Indonesia
11.3 10.5 137.5 201.2 15.6 12.8
Kazakhstan
0.5
0.3
Russian Fed.
9.1
8.5
9.1 25.7 58.8 61.1
South Africa
0.2
0.7
9.8 23.6 37.9 30.6
Other Non-OECD
1.6
1.7 32.6 36.4 10.5
6.6
Tot. Imp./Exp.
128.2 112.5 234.1 330.9 190.1 179.4
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
OECD North
America
Item
America
Europe(1) Mid. East
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
Asia
Exporters
(million tonnes)
Other
Africa+
OECD
0.2
0.7
0.8
3.8
0.4
-27.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
-1.1
-19.6 115.3 133.7

-1.0
4.9
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-0.1
6.2
6.6
0.4
0.1
1.7
0.6
7.2
5.5
1.1
0.8
11.0
0.8
35.1
19.6
4.1
14.0
14.3
6.9
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
4.5
0.5
0.2
2.3
1.3
8.5
9.7
1.8
0.8
-13.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
-1.1
0.6
42.7
21.3
0.9
0.2
5.5
5.3
26.1
18.1
8.0
7.5
1.6
4.3
73.6
69.4
-15.9 175.4 181.1
0.2
0.5
3.9
0.0
3.2
2.0
0.6
0.6
0.7
26.6
22.0
-0.0
-27.4 173.0 200.2

-0.1
7.5
6.4
1.3
1.4
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.3
-0.7
1.4
0.1
0.2
7.1
8.1
1.1
0.3
2.5
0.6
2.4
2.2
61.3
66.3
3.4
2.2
0.0
0.1
2.2
1.3
1.6
0.7
-14.9
-5.9
37.0
43.0
35.9
29.5
20.3
16.1
41.4
31.5
13.7
9.8
12.4
27.1
22.2
85.9 105.0
-1.3 676.0 708.5
Table 3.4: World coking coal trade

Japan
Other
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
OECD North
Latin
Balancing
World
America
America
Item
Europe(1) Mid. East
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
Asia
Exporters
Australia(2)
Canada
Poland
United States
Other OECD
Total OECD
PR of China
Colombia
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Russian Fed.
South Africa
Other Non-OECD
Tot. Imp./Exp.
(million tonnes)
Other
Africa+
OECD
Europe
29.7
27.8
41.0
55.3
21.9
10.8
0.4
0.2
2.7
1.5
4.9
4.8
36.3
5.5
5.0
5.7
8.2
6.6
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.6
0.9
1.8
1.2
5.2
24.8 136.9 125.2

4.0
26.6
3.4
2.5
0.0
0.0
-1.9
-0.8
1.6
1.7
1.1
0.7
2.5
4.4
18.0
15.3
4.1
1.0
1.9
1.0
3.3
2.2
5.9
7.2
1.9
1.9
38.6
33.8
1.2
5.9
6.4
21.4
0.4
0.3
4.1
4.6
0.2
0.0
1.4
36.7
33.8
49.2
67.9
53.9
35.2
4.6
1.5
4.7
2.7
4.9
3.1
12.7
13.2
42.9
31.2 209.6 188.5
1.6
0.5
2.9
1.4
0.2
0.9
0.7
-0.7
-1.3
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
0.3
0.1
17.2
16.5
11.2
3.8
0.1
0.1
1.1
9.2
29.6
29.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.7
1.4
1.1
4.7
1.3
1.7
8.8
3.4
0.0
2.5
0.0
15.5
11.2
0.3
0.6
0.5
1.2
-0.3
-1.1
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.0
3.8
4.2
1.6
1.3
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.3
-4.0
-6.8
1.6
0.5
57.4
52.2
64.7
78.3
57.9
40.6
13.6
4.9
4.7
2.7
4.9
3.1
13.6
13.2
45.2
37.3 261.8 232.3
(1) Includes Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.

(2) Includes exports of soft and semi-soft coking coal used for pulverised coal injection (PCI).
Table 3.5: World hard coal imports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
Latin
America
Asia
338869
262819
76050
159314
12500
344148
262166
81982
156068
10900
371490
280843
90647
156862
375651
285891
89760
159224
491352
307323
184029
488177
327736
472569
324362
443951
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
15562
10284
137406
3803
15953
11632
145327
4267
13700
19493
11161
165891
4382
12100
17135
12651
170062
4478
172336
106521
16846
13348
178397
3897
160441
179082
86656
15667
13751
188952
4068
148207
176485
66125
17087
12806
196070
3995
311397
132554
154780
45945
15180
13733
210374
3938
461431
330417
131014
159575
41610
16536
15101
224093
4516
492508
351032
141476
169254
42896
17086
15676
242895
4701
503346
362164
141182
174606
35657
19140
18043
250122
5778
532292
383824
148468
183250
32820
21472
18973
269782
5995
538314
389152
149162
187816
33847
25549
19421
264359
7322
538958
393861
145097
179582
24040
26842
19689
281882
6923
609131
442891
166240
203253
34460
32493
19684
311042
8199
651030
475660
175370
221284
35578
42254
17762
324843
9309
665360
474534
190826
213885
29556
35943
18601
357135
10240
710094
502504
207590
226925
39057
43301
19193
371706
9912
770730
539372
231358
246667
33922
41524
21794
415813
876
10134
789691
539602
250089
244865
32265
48872
21436
430803
1084
10366
854702
574728
279974
267134
37869
56181
22011
459563
1236
10708
903291
586022
317269
271091
38780
48723
25633
507582
729
10753
907202
582690
324512
261803
45917
46267
26550
516039
606
10020
926485
523076
403409
225393
32240
34624
24652
601537
706
7333
Latin
America
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
Table 3.6: World brown coal imports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
15985
13638
2347
14697
15
1273
16604
13347
3257
14988
15
1601
16656
13266
3390
15222
1434
16165
12370
3795
15002
1163
18855
10964
7891
15454
2576
825
19385
13769
5616
16783
2600
15093
11217
3876
13048
2043
13119
10290
2829
11351
1765
10517
8125
2392
8722
1793
10586
7259
3327
7965
2348
271
11286
7299
3987
8231
2321
469
265
10258
6753
3505
6505
2244
967
542
10962
6480
4482
5198
1505
2211
2048
12643
7840
4803
5029
1473
3676
2465
16259
8223
8036
4563
2427
4525
4744
16781
7297
9484
4766
2421
3567
6027
18218
10425
7793
3118
1659
8197
5244
19908
10789
9119
3391
2148
9228
5141
17590
8029
9561
3133
2184
6544
5729
16623
8729
7894
4287
767
6772
4797
15990
7352
8638
4984
714
5042
5250
20556
10410
10146
5924
589
8144
5898
21492
12102
9390
5432
656
9578
5825
15810
6521
9289
3986
566
4632
208
6393
25
Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia.
Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries

Belgium France
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Germany
Spain
UK
(thousand tonnes)
USA Canada Russian
Fed.
India
PR of Chinese
China Taipei
Japan
Korea
16437
8521
16857
17165
8715
10554
2007
13311
2100
2471
10685
90392
9133
13309
14960
8886
9781
1585
14345
2970
1941
14022
90916
18279
11065
12114
13304
8766
11685
1936
17477
3700
1743
17455
101241
22657
12658
15943
11071
10569
12137
2587
14522
4410
2290
16852
101509
24216
14761
19389
13580
10455
14783
2449
14169
53210
6046
2003
18527
106918
23729
14421
21792
15423
12988
19611
3075
12567
46911
5272
1368
18444
112675
29094
14014
21989
15452
14279
20339
3450
13003
39723
6495
1630
22139
110626
30781
11894
14231
13090
12726
18400
6631
8468
28200
7330
1428
25345
112053
37381
12659
12190
15483
11504
15088
6880
9366
27198
10556
1209
26721
121477
41009
14099
13190
15052
13408
15896
6533
9735
22734
12512
1635
28698
127354
45831
12814
15758
16348
11994
17799
6464
11740
20081
13175
3217
30907
130372
46074
12796
13604
20031
11340
19757
6792
13504
20715
16440
2013
35777
136217
51997
12634
18424
22249
14554
21244
7868
16494
21800
16535
1586
35083
130044
53586
10836
17841
22678
20098
20293
8204
16129
16044
19700
1673
38669
138615
54569
11347
18980
27948
21649
23446
11271
18790
25518
20930
2178
40708
150340
63724
12681
15960
33511
18916
35542
18672
20141
27820
20548
2661
43074
154616
64967
9906
18142
32607
24514
28686
16060
13987
20866
23260
11258
46570
161306
72051
9390
16768
34917
21552
31891
22614
13451
25217
21683
11098
49529
166418
73607
9790
19460
39536
24473
36153
24635
12797
22259
28484
18614
54757
180804
78963
8804
19851
37105
24756
43968
27506
14104
22390
38586
26172
55455
176977
76758
8056
20391
42132
23704
50529
32691
15868
25742
43081
38106
57061
179100
79707
7415
18958
46287
24439
43365
32865
10399
23441
49794
51016
59344
187004
88285
7436
21285
45427
20967
43875
30913
11093
30992
59003
40340
58019
184192
99584
7321
14445
38475
17038
38223
20408
8212
23514
67744
136957
60278
164780
102981
PR of Chinese
China Taipei
Japan
Korea
Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries

Belgium France
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Germany
Spain
UK
(thousand tonnes)
USA Canada Russian
Fed.
India
257
60
2478
264
49
2162
226
49
1883
267
57
1990
276
69
2083
276
3428
244
3640
226
2991
212
48
2623
265
195
53
2132
481
59
227
42
1950
136
467
241
219
37
2151
965
89
442
196
32
1944
46
2163
22
2010
159
37
2053
41
3630
2435
219
52
1796
80
4441
10
4701
207
59
1997
79
3486
242
6017
205
23
848
121
8074
5244
188
42
35
107
9117
127
5141
190
40
17
114
6426
170
5726
206
36
128
6641
253
4797
289
37
53
191
4848
341
5250
317
51
27
108
8033
270
5888
282
67
28
119
9456
275
5821
256
91
10
130
4498
280
71
6320
Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
Latin
America
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
159611
127699
31912
59123
5879
9903
82079
2627
164203
129116
35087
60688
5612
11248
83700
2955
178687
142611
36076
64117
6335
10691
94548
2996
177466
140855
36611
63718
5943
11335
93672
2798
171198
136493
34705
61961
124
4719
11846
90289
2252
169114
136519
32595
58107
120
4769
12288
91566
2264
166756
130869
35887
58145
124
4848
11878
89345
2416
164220
129411
34809
54714
291
4681
12087
89944
2503
174306
132507
41799
56733
3297
4467
12238
94722
2849
180282
133802
46480
59187
8176
4129
12343
93961
2486
181436
136637
44799
59582
7319
4833
12721
94292
2689
183772
136901
46871
62847
4887
4301
12158
96855
2724
177150
135787
41363
63661
3402
5647
11845
89183
3412
168822
130064
38758
56468
2351
5106
11120
90736
3041
178465
138570
39895
59805
2961
5843
11232
95102
3522
171744
132756
38988
55522
2605
6078
11030
93089
3420
175554
133810
41744
53320
1642
6522
10786
98866
4418
176363
130276
46087
51075
4342
4828
11228
100527
4363
198308
140361
57947
56701
6830
5416
11200
113520
4641
193964
135459
58505
57158
7770
5831
11127
107569
4509
195633
139284
56349
60048
7932
5786
11020
106231
4616
207325
144131
63194
62859
8568
4837
12197
114505
4351
207911
145372
62539
62126
8625
4866
12659
115835
3793
199098
116649
82449
41946
4658
3155
10605
135294
3436
Latin
America
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
179258
135120
44138
100191
12500
9683
381
55327
1176
179945
133050
46895
95380
10900
10341
384
61627
1312
192803
138232
54571
92745
13700
13158
470
71343
1386
198185
145036
53149
95506
12100
11192
1316
76390
1680
320154
170830
149324
110375
106397
12127
1502
88108
1645
319063
191217
127846
120975
86536
10898
1463
97386
1804
305813
193493
112320
118340
66001
12239
928
106725
1579
279731
181986
97745
100066
45654
10499
1646
120430
1435
287125
197910
89215
102842
38313
12069
2863
129371
1667
312226
217230
94996
110067
34720
12957
3333
148934
2215
321910
225527
96383
115024
28338
14307
5322
155830
3089
348520
246923
101597
120403
27933
17171
6815
172927
3271
361164
253365
107799
124155
30445
19902
7576
175176
3910
370136
263797
106339
123114
21689
21736
8569
191146
3882
430666
304321
126345
143448
31499
26650
8452
215940
4677
479286
342904
136382
165762
32973
36176
6732
231754
5889
489806
340724
149082
160565
27914
29421
7815
258269
5822
533731
372228
161503
175850
34715
38473
7965
271179
5549
572422
399011
173411
189966
27092
36108
10594
302293
876
5493
595727
404143
191584
187707
24495
43041
10309
323234
1084
5857
659069
435444
223625
207086
29937
50395
10991
353332
1236
6092
695966
441891
254075
208232
30212
43886
13436
393077
721
6402
699291
437318
261973
199677
37292
41401
13891
400204
599
6227
727387
406427
320960
183447
27582
31469
14047
466243
702
3897
Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries

Belgium France
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Germany
Spain
UK
(thousand tonnes)
USA Canada Russian
Fed.
India
PR of Chinese
China Taipei
Japan
Korea
6575
4041
7614
2246
3097
6257
5635
2100
529
2717
66445
4874
7532
2200
3437
6492
5589
2970
224
3490
63935
9247
6838
8165
2248
3643
7082
6255
3700
50
4687
71128
11237
7064
7769
2281
4000
7998
5917
4410
303
4921
68689
11651
7132
7848
1706
4169
8614
4491
5854
250
4237
64935
11287
6426
7660
1057
4652
9196
4744
5272
408
4350
61839
15572
5795
7457
1357
4343
8385
4848
6325
400
3748
57898
16381
4748
6904
987
4572
8602
4681
6936
3915
57104
17321
4444
6747
1093
3893
8065
4467
3237
9874
4032
60301
16902
5267
7300
1427
3244
7754
4129
2215
9378
4390
59799
17151
5325
7387
2189
3318
8245
4833
1708
10617
3946
59479
18226
4328
7235
2536
3745
8072
4301
1274
11745
398
6033
59098
17395
4195
7052
4299
3905
8646
1050
4597
292
10023
103
5636
53649
17979
3953
6950
3519
3548
8020
1065
4041
10992
263
5375
54880
17227
3818
6543
4608
3755
8462
1547
4296
200
11063
339
5158
57081
19575
4169
6942
3984
3424
7723
2091
3987
11107
277
5373
56625
17899
3363
6405
5174
3425
6315
2207
4315
12947
256
5272
58435
20003
3220
5577
5504
3321
6474
1556
3272
12992
2605
5274
57744
20315
3577
6798
6875
4043
6345
1987
3429
16925
6830
5078
60884
21808
3533
6255
7152
3571
6551
1603
4228
866
16891
7195
4968
56530
20627
3490
5995
8692
3622
6775
1533
4253
167
17877
4663
4872
57672
20081
3247
6191
9627
3682
7482
1515
3322
22029
6219
4483
58205
22532
2993
7239
9255
3371
6349
1580
3286
1450
21080
6857
4757
57386
24083
2379
3584
6448
2058
5164
947
2208
1450
23465
34731
3352
52244
20630
PR of Chinese
China Taipei
Japan
Korea
Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries

Belgium France
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Germany
Spain
UK
(thousand tonnes)
USA Canada Russian
Fed.
India
4480
9243
14919
5618
4297
2007
7676
1942
7968
23947
9862
4259
5777
12760
5449
3289
1585
8756
1717
10532
26981
9032
4227
3949
11056
5123
4603
1936
11222
1693
12768
30113
11420
5594
8174
8790
6569
4139
2587
8605
1987
11931
32820
12565
7629
11541
11874
6286
6169
2449
9678
53210
192
1753
14290
41983
12442
7995
14132
14366
8336
10415
3075
7823
46911
960
14094
50836
13522
8219
14532
14095
9936
11954
3450
8155
39723
170
1230
18391
52728
14400
7146
7327
12103
8154
9798
6631
3787
28200
394
1428
21430
54949
20060
8215
5443
14390
7611
7023
6880
4899
23961
682
1209
22689
61176
24107
8832
5890
13625
10164
8142
6533
5606
20519
3134
1635
24308
67555
28680
7489
8371
14159
8676
9554
6464
6907
18373
2558
3217
26961
70893
27848
8468
6369
17495
7595
11685
6792
9203
19441
4695
1615
29744
77119
34602
8439
11372
17950
10649
12598
6818
11897
21508
6512
1483
29447
76395
35607
6883
10891
19159
16550
12273
7139
12088
16042
8708
1410
33294
83735
37342
7529
12437
23340
17894
14984
9724
14494
25318
9867
1839
35550
93259
44149
8512
9018
29527
15492
27819
16581
16154
27820
9441
2384
37701
97991
47068
6543
11737
27433
21089
22371
13853
9672
20866
10313
11002
41298
102871
52048
6170
11191
29413
18231
25417
21058
10179
25217
8691
8493
44255
108674
53292
6213
12662
32661
20430
29808
22648
9368
22259
11559
11784
49679
119920
57155
5271
13596
29953
21185
37417
25903
9876
21524
21695
18977
50487
120447
56131
4566
14396
33440
20082
43754
31158
11615
25575
25204
33443
52189
121428
59626
4168
12767
36660
20757
35883
31350
7077
23441
27765
44797
54861
128799
65753
4443
14046
36172
17596
37526
29333
7807
29542
37923
33483
53262
126806
75501
4942
10861
32027
14980
33059
19461
6004
22064
44279
102226
56926
112536
82351
Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports (1)

(thousand tonnes)
1973
Australia
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
51
44
Austria
1055
986
1274
815
718
981
1402
1282
1438
1464
851
Belgium
1110
1261
676
822
1259
1108
152
68
217
850
516
Canada
357
267
340
339
818
631
88
997
757
1384
426
320
602
510
705
735
519
516
Denmark
129
112
75
41
45
47
36
39
35
39
21
Finland
832
1229
1231
786
274
505
505
518
572
534
240
Czech Republic
France
3646
3000
2147
1109
885
1448
1525
1461
1071
1310
744
Germany
4497
4202
2693
2001
2601
5987
3793
3687
4693
4347
3168
Greece
45
35
53
32
11
1207
1468
1486
478
351
205
51
27
16
Iceland
16
34
30
18
47
33
26
34
21
20
Ireland
13
22
29
Italy
82
101
134
115
745
506
848
715
426
228
Hungary
Japan
261
493
2467
2500
1806
1999
1293
413
Korea
38
121
106
341
314
551
700
238
3247
2292
1854
1447
521
Mexico
150
122
121
124
437
631
390
323
274
337
208
Netherlands
677
832
405
360
649
515
341
479
509
186
67
577
531
700
534
522
543
382
391
442
455
279
52
Luxembourg
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
34
16
117
96
119
85
38
102
157
13
34
Slovak Republic
922
130
268
456
178
155
260
516
455
415
275
Spain
459
553
209
172
846
137
136
155
136
204
121
1495
453
386
318
484
328
393
217
266
319
146
158
127
77
27
24
27
20
26
22
24
22
40
182
722
414
454
442
216
274
53
374
304
640
483
909
1009
1069
722
178
978
598
524
694
1648
3430
3202
3690
2232
3269
315
Portugal
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
IEA Europe
20242
17422
14261
9859
11329
14116
11958
11872
12677
11938
7475
OECD Europe
20242
17438
14295
9889
11347
14163
11991
11898
12711
11959
7495
IEA North America
1335
865
864
1033
2466
4061
3290
4687
2989
4653
741
OECD North America
1485
987
985
1157
2903
4692
3680
5010
3263
4990
949
38
121
106
261
493
2467
2841
2171
2594
2000
651
OECD Pacific
IEA Total
21615
18408
15231
11153
14288
20644
18089
18730
18260
18591
8867
OECD Total
21765
18546
15386
11307
14743
21322
18512
19079
18568
18949
9095
Table 3.14: World hard coal exports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Non
OECD
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Latin
America
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
350142
250931
99211
55590
35400
103448
5084
12039
92219
46362
354569
249047
105522
48844
37700
98990
8938
16792
101452
41853
387531
267936
119595
49932
46400
118021
11146
17718
99983
44331
390005
269849
120156
46380
39800
124314
14176
19089
99155
47091
504671
275708
228963
45057
139934
126918
15371
23593
103732
50066
491589
291078
200511
37372
104936
132913
18590
29471
120792
47515
485311
282416
202895
34281
92050
121120
16930
41769
127012
52149
439855
262671
177184
34250
63598
95881
21441
40360
132540
51785
451497
270712
180785
42033
53662
96432
22613
49427
132245
55085
494613
298612
196001
46253
49630
114322
22553
63935
138036
59884
516646
301776
214870
42789
48574
116539
28398
77504
142446
60396
544796
315094
229702
43977
50876
112318
32685
81468
158801
64671
551529
320605
230924
46432
49240
106283
35969
83884
167889
61832
548155
300048
248107
40261
46889
86609
36760
97642
173194
66800
615050
315492
299558
41914
67995
85092
43321
117840
188491
70397
668670
317455
351215
49788
72661
73692
46428
162391
193970
69740
660689
310909
349780
42030
69548
62612
43854
166514
206266
69865
718461
315913
402548
37788
84830
67176
52392
193271
210959
72045
757773
329161
428612
39737
96772
69098
57650
205677
220334
68505
813787
342916
470871
36108
115139
73163
60833
222921
233642
71981
866372
344241
522131
37372
122313
72852
69396
261112
234016
69311
925594
367092
558502
37768
131211
83789
71995
288818
245602
66411
943186
389940
553246
30020
145007
105201
73761
273895
254750
60552
943618
372426
571192
26931
144392
81706
73140
286561
263852
67036
Latin
America
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
-
Table 3.15: World brown coal exports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
12734
11919
815
12290
37
107
300
12388
11710
678
11745
32
611
12285
11194
1091
11237
1041
11486
10710
776
10700
10
776
15532
10022
5510
10306
4657
79
490
14749
10905
3844
11128
3445
55
121
13028
9800
3228
9966
2919
55
88
10872
9533
1339
9520
1323
29
7540
7029
511
6984
505
51
9443
6872
2571
6979
2462
8525
5719
2806
6210
2303
11
6092
4869
1223
4938
1152
5883
4096
1787
3805
1782
293
5125
3330
1795
3300
1727
47
51
4837
2866
1971
2874
1790
55
118
5126
3159
1967
3112
1593
161
260
3582
2234
1348
2202
919
242
219
4399
1378
3021
1743
1533
229
894
5778
1475
4303
1771
565
309
3133
7048
1941
5107
2087
799
351
3811
9183
2309
6874
2245
828
430
5680
11595
2266
9329
2222
848
678
7847
16920
3487
13433
2243
1005
1781
11891
17569
2020
15549
1873
1089
660
368
13546
33
Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries

Poland Canada
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
USA
AusCotralia lombia
(thousand tonnes)
Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine
zuela
Fed.
stan
PR of
China
India
Indonesia
South
Africa
34940
25904
77543
91937
5084
9817
160
942
46185
30222
26740
72186
101152
8938
13530
170
892
41700
32340
31732
86203
99618
10121
1025
15646
200
1037
44170
28943
32817
91457
98669
12487
1689
15338
160
2546
46931
28065
31000
95912
103396
13505
1834
56051
51480
22217
17290
100
4871
49900
22464
34103
98809
120183
16379
2196
37402
51963
12722
20001
110
7615
47357
22542
28165
92955
126242
14614
2309
40500
42459
7342
23363
130
16058
52059
22968
28274
67602
131752
17616
3825
25881
33821
3101
19815
100
18239
51711
27695
31695
64736
131201
18437
4135
23100
26000
4106
24194
673
21905
54838
31868
33993
80329
136702
18274
4242
26263
20768
2400
28617
651
31322
59676
28920
34448
82076
140856
24781
3617
25341
20840
2289
36485
478
36443
60224
29466
36530
75788
157557
27580
5105
23493
24857
2374
35331
540
41727
64200
28055
34183
72098
166796
30061
5908
24042
23294
1881
32297
823
47206
61300
24102
33539
53001
171861
29932
6828
27709
17025
2138
37437
1156
55318
66235
23245
32082
53006
186962
35391
7930
36737
28933
2320
55057
1292
57324
69910
23029
29618
44066
192178
38868
7560
41553
27357
3729
90125
1903
65071
69210
22623
26804
35805
204334
36510
7344
43497
22849
3092
83887
1517
74009
69231
20119
28280
38896
208749
45644
6748
54625
27290
2912
93986
1627
89817
71531
19684
25746
43351
218426
50902
6748
68616
24273
3883
86613
1294
104621
67946
19369
28064
45095
231311
53607
7143
86006
25455
3666
71676
1989
127442
71442
16735
27989
44860
231296
61968
7286
91391
27432
3457
63211
1554
171434
68747
11900
30422
53359
243588
64575
7373
98054
29498
3621
53111
1627
196986
65867
8461
31513
73688
252189
67761
5953
97470
42699
4794
45288
1655
202593
59997
8373
28326
53380
261745
69454
3627
116203
22718
5291
22794
2171
229658
66921
PR of
China
India
Indonesia
South
Africa
Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries

Poland Canada
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
USA
AusCotralia lombia
(thousand tonnes)
zuela
Fed.
stan
37
32
10
193
70
3134
1433
1275
10
45
2979
348
1063
46
2896
909
29
1321
719
51
232
266
368
2171
202
45
11
2059
232
37
883
223
23
293
1620
109
13
47
1604
73
55
1592
147
65
15
78
83
1245
299
210
41
120
122
783
87
157
36
109
120
1317
184
349
27
117
192
315
211
1435
140
211
552
212
1413
251
179
539
248
2941
364
314
584
225
4278
1516
265
649
283
7404
68
427
233
368
684
356
17
7497
33
Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
Latin
America
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
166686
144745
21941
23834
13000
174310
146920
27390
22506
19000
71306
3074
49605
5867
69382
3635
55032
191276
161929
29347
21788
4755
21000
83895
3331
56246
191948
164800
27148
5016
21286
20000
87800
2987
55714
209032
162292
4161
46740
19781
39348
84425
3759
58086
201968
3633
169976
31992
16485
24136
87432
4333
66059
3523
203048
161704
41344
16339
31664
77034
4592
68331
5088
186032
161109
24923
17422
14077
68967
5979
74722
4865
196261
158390
37871
15843
24848
70007
7259
72540
5764
196144
169662
26482
18219
10692
75819
9484
75625
6305
195057
170142
24915
14826
8078
76758
10704
78558
6133
198820
175094
23726
12982
9865
77406
8211
84706
5650
185733
165753
19980
10273
6723
71075
8090
84405
5167
185376
161877
23499
10456
6601
58092
14366
93329
2532
189410
168603
20807
9747
7715
58166
11348
100690
1744
200954
164995
35959
8301
14792
49967
20194
106727
973
187765
156604
31161
7643
9508
42503
20894
106458
759
198425
159546
38879
6767
9868
43755
28427
109024
584
196428
167676
28752
6761
12632
48196
15199
112723
917
213038
185601
27437
6663
10774
52711
16106
126227
557
220916
180273
40643
8092
10867
50149
29046
122032
730
239534
196284
43250
7301
10436
55872
31911
133178
836
258644
210734
47910
6007
14187
65242
33141
139485
582
232330
188525
43805
6062
11865
55207
137
31159
127277
623
Asia
Aus. +
N.Z.
Africa
Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
(thousand tonnes)
Europe F. Soviet
North
Union America
World
OECD
Non
OECD
Latin
America
183456
106186
77270
31756
22400
32142
5084
8965
42614
40495
180259
102127
78132
26338
18700
29608
8938
13157
46420
37098
196255
106007
90248
28144
25400
34126
11146
14387
43737
39315
198057
105049
93008
25094
19800
36514
14176
16102
43441
42930
295639
113416
182223
25276
100586
42493
15371
19834
45646
46433
289621
121102
168519
20887
80800
45481
18590
25138
54733
43992
282263
120712
161551
17942
60386
44086
16930
37177
58681
47061
253823
101562
152261
16828
49521
26914
21441
34381
57818
46920
255236
112322
142914
26190
28814
26425
22613
42168
59705
49321
298469
128950
169519
28034
38938
38503
22553
54451
62411
53579
321589
131634
189955
27963
40496
39781
28398
66800
63888
54263
345976
140000
205976
30995
41011
34912
32685
73257
74095
59021
365796
154852
210944
36159
42517
35208
35969
75794
83484
56665
362779
138171
224608
29805
40288
28517
36760
83276
79865
64268
425640
146889
278751
32167
60280
26926
43321
106492
87801
68653
467716
152460
315256
41487
57869
23725
46428
142197
87243
68767
472924
154305
318619
34387
60040
20109
43854
145620
99808
69106
520036
156367
363669
31021
74962
23421
52392
164844
101935
71461
561345
161485
399860
32976
84140
20902
57650
190478
107611
67588
600749
157315
443434
29445
104365
20452
60833
206815
107415
71424
645456
163968
481488
29280
111446
22703
69396
232066
111984
68581
686060
170808
515252
30467
120775
27917
71995
256907
112424
65575
684542
179206
505336
24013
130820
39959
73761
240754
115265
59970
711288
183901
527387
20869
132527
26499
73003
255402
136575
66413
Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries

Poland Canada
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
USA
AusCotralia lombia
(thousand tonnes)
zuela
Fed.
stan
PR of
China
India
Indonesia
South
Africa
13976
21431
49874
49323
2988
86
5867
13639
22436
46882
54733
3579
56
4755
13381
27609
56200
55881
3241
90
5016
11467
28677
59083
55228
2896
91
4161
11226
26851
57568
57750
31573
7775
3473
286
3633
9767
28786
58645
65450
15633
8503
3840
493
3523
10781
23124
53910
67561
24322
7342
3700
892
5088
12829
23921
45044
73941
6729
4247
3101
4283
1696
4843
10694
27066
42941
71496
17367
3375
4106
4906
254
2099
5764
12296
28564
47255
74291
8693
1999
6744
329
2411
6305
9886
28722
48036
76968
6538
1509
31
7487
188
3029
6133
9138
30092
47314
83462
8450
1371
44
4601
272
3338
5650
6506
28353
42722
83312
6440
271
12
4855
385
2850
5167
6635
28946
29146
91996
6400
184
17
5246
774
8346
2517
5290
28386
29780
99161
7300
393
22
6470
624
4254
1744
3813
26914
23053
104935
14431
361
11445
879
7870
970
3521
22964
19539
104526
9196
309
13295
163
7436
759
2710
23716
20039
106814
9470
374
24
13135
158
15134
584
3036
23847
24349
110815
11935
280
417
5757
114
9328
917
3151
26710
26001
123896
9983
282
509
5260
46
10800
524
3601
25203
24946
119312
10007
330
530
4344
107
24595
672
2363
26674
29198
131164
10019
299
118
2543
36
29332
811
1683
26643
38599
136924
13614
376
197
3457
109
29575
557
1725
21404
33803
125243
82
55
11235
473
157
1463
203
29481
599
PR of
China
India
Indonesia
South
Africa
40318
Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries

Poland Canada
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
USA
AusCotralia lombia
(thousand tonnes)
zuela
Fed.
stan
20964
4473
27669
42614
5084
6829
160
856
16583
4304
25304
46419
8938
9951
170
836
36945
18959
4123
30003
43737
10121
1025
12405
200
947
39154
17476
4140
32374
43441
12487
1689
12442
160
2455
42770
16839
4149
38344
45646
13505
1834
24478
51480
14442
13817
100
4585
46267
12697
5317
40164
54733
16379
2196
21769
51963
4219
16161
110
7122
43834
11761
5041
39045
58681
14614
2309
16178
42459
19663
130
15166
46971
10139
4353
22558
57811
17616
3825
19152
29574
15532
100
16543
46868
17001
4629
21795
59705
18437
4135
5733
22625
19288
419
19806
49074
19572
5429
33074
62411
18274
4242
17570
18769
2400
21873
322
28911
53371
19034
5726
34040
63888
24781
3617
18803
19331
2258
28998
290
33414
54091
20328
6438
28474
74095
27580
5105
15043
23486
2330
30730
268
38389
58550
21549
5830
29376
83484
30061
5908
17602
23023
1869
27442
438
44356
56133
17467
4593
23855
79865
29932
6828
21309
16841
2121
32191
382
46972
63718
17955
3696
23226
87801
35391
7930
29437
28540
2298
48587
668
53070
68166
19216
2704
21013
87243
38868
7560
27122
26996
3729
78680
1024
57201
68240
19102
3840
16266
99808
36510
7344
34301
22540
3089
70592
1354
66573
68472
17409
4564
18857
101935
45644
6748
45155
26916
2888
80851
1469
74683
70947
16648
1899
19002
107611
50902
6748
56681
23993
3466
80856
1180
95293
67029
16218
1354
19094
107415
53607
7143
76023
25173
3157
66416
1943
116642
70918
13134
2786
19914
111984
61968
7286
81384
27102
2927
58867
1447
146839
68075
9537
3748
24161
112424
64575
7373
88035
29199
3503
50568
1591
167654
65056
6778
4870
35089
115265
67761
5953
83856
42323
4597
41831
1546
173018
59440
6648
6922
19577
136502
69372
3572
104968
22245
5134
21331
1968
200177
66322
Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports (1)

(thousand tonnes)
Australia
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
122
11
574
334
22
Austria
82
Belgium
469
768
847
915
557
293
20
179
102
107
114
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
368
80
22
193
334
300
154
103
178
120
229
3467
2450
1927
1451
1409
948
913
956
807
830
530
24
13
1012
870
553
383
307
711
643
701
796
993
26
10197
7692
6038
2945
287
75
75
88
122
167
105
Greece
31
Hungary
103
420
183
53
211
269
251
154
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
628
747
451
201
130
123
229
220
215
239
276
Japan
600
2068
4055
1880
3428
2593
1674
1966
1382
944
935
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
79
95
680
702
880
829
1025
562
358
810
566
227
77
Norway
51
36
122
Poland
2780
1770
1639
3662
3331
3691
4624
6310
6337
6118
4809
Germany
Netherlands
New Zealand
Portugal
16
11
74
80
Slovak Republic
13
23
58
59
138
138
140
183
164
Spain
11
42
81
744
610
1047
1053
624
199
274
Sweden
11
114
77
41
67
29
35
26
27
33
Switzerland
Turkey
665
1265
1163
435
264
381
119
168
257
185
146
1266
1879
1018
519
680
1039
1585
1466
1310
1777
1186
United Kingdom
United States
IEA Europe
20218
16437
13750
10926
8013
7882
7823
10864
10699
9966
6880
OECD Europe
20218
16437
13750
10926
8013
7882
7823
10864
10699
9966
6880
IEA North America
1634
1959
1040
712
1014
1339
1739
1569
1488
1897
1415
OECD North America
1634
2038
1135
716
1015
1341
1741
1572
1491
1900
1415
600
2190
4066
2454
3762
2615
1675
1966
1382
944
935
OECD Pacific
IEA Total
22452
20586
18856
14092
12789
11836
11237
14399
13569
12807
9230
OECD Total
22452
20665
18951
14096
12790
11838
11239
14402
13572
12810
9230
4. PRICES
Table 4.1: Japan coking coal import costs

Total(1)
(all sources)
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Note:
58.39
60.72
60.61
57.86
55.39
51.91
55.03
56.39
55.19
50.98
42.95
39.46
41.13
42.14
41.73
61.40
88.80
93.10
88.43
184.13
198.40
(average unit value, CIF, US$/t)

Australia
Canada
USA
52.58
55.27
56.64
53.55
51.49
47.89
51.15
54.07
52.73
49.47
41.83
39.01
40.96
43.32
43.56
56.85
96.44
106.20
96.03
206.71
193.65
69.73
71.27
71.85
70.98
67.12
64.65
64.49
64.44
64.84
59.73
51.05
45.46
47.30
50.50
51.64
62.04
106.05
125.68
112.61
234.34
221.77
63.34
66.90
66.16
63.68
61.82
59.34
61.37
61.05
61.24
59.53
55.79
52.69
47.81
52.07
42.93
163.61
159.01
159.35
516.32
308.56
246.05
Africa
Russian(2)
Federation
China
47.68
50.11
51.94
52.36
46.78
46.93
49.54
50.94
49.64
47.06
39.74
39.99
47.09
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
54.65
57.45
56.86
55.80
54.37
51.80
54.81
57.21
57.09
54.63
45.17
43.62
45.52
45.59
46.05
67.98
114.96
116.69
105.45
250.90
189.24
52.08
54.38
53.22
51.66
50.52
47.03
49.49
51.88
49.98
46.78
40.01
37.12
39.35
38.97
39.09
72.57
100.45
91.98
100.91
256.42
200.21
South
PR of
It should be noted that as a result of the import coal classification system used by Japanese customs authorities, most
imports of Indonesian coal are recorded by customs as coking coal even though most of the coal is not used in the
metallurgical industry. As this coal has a lower unit value than coking coal reported in other categories, the data presented in
the Total column in this table, from 1991 onwards, tend to understate the total average unit value of coals imported into
Japan for metallurgical use. Prior to 1991, the volume of imports reported by customs in this manner was not so large as to
significantly affect the total averages.
Table 4.2: EU coking coal import costs from selected countries
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total(1)
(all sources)
58.09
65.01
61.75
60.95
55.82
55.97
58.49
59.74
57.99
54.53
48.97
47.88
53.56
56.63
59.61
78.12
109.61
125.86
125.73
197.84
187.29
(Average Unit Value, CIF, US$/t)

Australia
Canada
USA
53.87
67.29
60.84
60.76
55.67
55.56
57.03
59.72
57.97
55.00
47.33
45.45
51.24
55.52
58.03
73.63
114.89
135.52
127.74
220.54
243.76
57.32
64.53
60.80
61.51
55.40
52.42
57.02
58.52
57.61
54.18
45.58
45.92
54.59
56.90
61.31
76.64
113.81
137.66
129.45
220.91
223.39
58.38
63.07
61.65
61.22
57.13
58.22
61.20
62.03
60.08
58.53
54.14
52.91
58.54
61.48
64.18
84.75
110.91
123.44
126.95
175.35
160.22
South
Africa
36.57
58.81
51.55
50.54
48.21
44.13
49.65
47.44
43.31
35.83
36.21
39.09
42.10
38.69
39.20
61.31
71.77
66.18
96.82
141.18
81.99
Russian(2)
Federation
53.49
57.44
51.33
47.95
36.22
46.11
56.00
59.88
54.93
51.08
57.96
42.02
58.89
58.11
47.45
86.41
86.05
81.34
92.15
147.83
108.78
Poland
56.77
63.98
59.20
59.64
54.09
53.55
59.26
61.11
61.02
52.52
47.48
50.43
51.58
50.15
62.24
108.71
138.92
118.82
139.47
245.85
137.24
(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable
(1) from one year to the next due to differing components.
(2) Former Soviet Union prior to 1991.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 21 and Table 19)
Table 4.3: Japan steam coal import costs
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total(1)
(all sources)
48.84
50.97
50.43
48.47
45.92
43.88
47.85
49.29
45.26
40.68
35.87
34.59
37.95
36.95
34.93
51.48
62.73
63.33
70.92
125.42
112.39
Australia
49.78
52.23
51.68
49.29
46.31
44.92
48.87
50.24
45.59
40.80
36.12
34.59
38.32
37.39
35.13
50.20
61.90
63.90
71.03
127.23
113.06

USA
South
Russian(2)
52.78
53.17
52.36
51.22
51.05
49.91
52.65
54.32
49.86
47.52
45.37
45.49
45.99
48.63
x
186.48
x
596.68
553.99
151.26
820.10
Africa
44.67
47.95
48.36
46.93
44.34
42.47
48.27
49.86
46.58
41.50
37.34
35.82
38.05
40.30
35.21
x
80.64
x
77.46
105.49
87.62
Federation
45.43
46.54
44.93
43.73
40.24
38.68
43.45
44.63
42.57
38.46
30.24
30.68
37.61
34.35
34.28
59.02
66.10
62.20
72.28
121.34
104.35
PR of
Canada
China
45.74
47.59
47.69
46.04
43.55
39.05
44.48
46.52
44.73
39.96
34.89
33.69
36.95
36.25
35.28
55.06
65.65
63.88
73.60
124.10
123.05
45.38
48.26
46.76
46.30
45.76
42.88
44.20
45.91
42.01
38.25
33.50
34.72
36.94
37.34
33.82
52.60
63.79
56.32
66.04
125.52
103.92
Table 4.4: EU steam coal import costs from selected countries
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total(1)
(all sources)
49.26
52.64
50.69
48.59
37.99
40.35
47.51
45.62
43.52
39.72
34.43
35.22
42.96
38.69
41.94
61.91
71.27
69.80
82.21
137.79
99.74
Australia
48.07
52.03
49.14
50.07
38.85
40.74
45.06
48.25
46.38
40.03
36.68
39.04
44.13
43.28
46.83
69.05
106.40
109.71
103.73
184.75
149.29

USA
South
Russian(2)
53.40
54.69
51.51
50.69
46.96
46.05
49.12
48.03
48.47
46.99
40.67
41.07
46.52
43.48
47.37
61.50
86.75
82.08
97.50
138.40
107.28
Africa
42.67
45.18
45.31
42.48
32.86
36.18
43.76
42.23
40.33
36.30
31.78
33.83
42.32
36.65
39.10
58.00
67.64
66.24
80.25
142.07
95.66
Federation
44.19
44.69
42.54
39.50
24.10
36.67
42.55
42.48
39.84
37.23
30.96
33.59
42.16
36.79
42.22
65.14
68.46
67.93
79.03
131.62
91.25
PR of
Poland
Colombia
China
47.36
49.36
47.14
45.46
45.65
41.78
45.29
46.18
52.87
52.85
32.58
31.45
40.90
44.30
51.38
60.61
93.41
150.20
73.02
161.12
566.64
56.46
61.05
58.18
54.11
36.60
41.44
46.78
46.50
42.62
39.61
35.03
35.30
44.41
40.75
43.26
68.95
78.34
75.65
94.13
156.01
114.58
47.35
52.60
49.81
49.65
35.39
39.68
43.42
41.93
42.29
37.56
32.69
34.22
42.32
36.99
41.65
61.54
67.98
66.07
78.16
138.32
94.76
(2) Former Soviet Union prior to 1991.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 16 and Table 14)
Table 4.5: Steam coal export costs

Exported from:
To:
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Australia (FOB)
Total Japan
EU(1)
35.93
37.98
32.56
38.34
40.03
35.25
37.93
40.32
34.05
36.49
38.85
32.47
33.45
35.49
30.02
32.75
33.72
29.09
34.99
36.85
31.05
37.77
38.89
33.19
34.35
35.40
31.76
30.10
31.50
24.54
26.49
27.02
21.63
24.27
24.72
20.86
28.71
29.69
25.86
28.01
29.20
24.42
25.41
26.00
25.18
37.65
38.45
34.44
48.86
49.42
49.46
47.05
50.59
49.29
51.11
54.61
55.42
92.23 103.23 102.85
80.03
88.54
72.97
(Average Unit Value, US$/t)

Canada
United States (FAS)
Total
37.71
40.37
40.35
38.15
34.61
31.51
32.90
35.67
32.44
30.24
25.72
24.99
26.01
28.11
35.75
44.75
53.23
45.24
50.51
97.37
84.45
Total
41.17
39.99
40.63
39.53
39.78
38.22
38.94
36.94
34.84
32.24
32.02
31.84
34.51
37.70
37.00
53.93
67.09
55.66
52.61
62.76
81.33
Japan
43.04
41.76
39.73
39.66
39.08
37.13
38.61
40.02
38.55
37.00
35.40
34.90
37.70
40.41
166.40
91.47
105.21
166.53
198.41
143.02
113.97
EU(1)
40.45
42.54
41.50
40.90
41.60
40.23
40.91
36.80
35.88
33.05
29.39
28.26
34.69
33.09
32.18
42.06
76.79
64.17
66.30
81.46
94.40
Colombia
Indonesia
Total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.81
33.84
30.51
27.25
26.99
31.36
30.09
36.41
59.55
51.89
51.92
57.76
120.27
48.26
Total
..
42.75
42.23
41.22
38.52
36.40
42.71
42.71
39.90
35.82
31.00
29.60
32.07
29.98
25.00
38.00
44.50
47.25
60.91
115.48
55.29
Colombia
Indonesia
S. Africa
Total
29.36
30.53
30.19
29.53
25.38
23.89
29.20
30.63
31.47
26.37
22.77
22.63
28.59
25.82
24.47
32.77
46.46
45.90
51.06
88.19
60.99
Table 4.6: Coking coal export costs

Exported from:
To:
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Australia (FOB)
Total Japan
EU(1)
44.69
44.27
43.86
47.72
46.98
48.00
47.96
47.24
48.23
46.78
46.44
46.53
44.28
43.85
44.06
41.36
40.24
41.41
44.23
43.37
44.45
47.56
46.11
48.56
47.37
45.52
47.73
43.97
42.47
44.10
35.99
34.60
37.59
32.85
31.64
33.66
36.93
34.46
39.99
40.16
36.79
44.34
39.75
36.18
43.14
48.84
45.51
51.43
88.94
83.74 100.84
98.27
94.04 106.29
84.16
79.50
93.67
194.87 193.79 215.74
143.83 165.07 168.94
(Average Unit Value, US$/t)

Canada
United States (FAS)
Total
56.41
59.23
57.37
57.08
52.73
48.03
48.76
51.52
50.04
46.15
38.19
34.01
43.03
43.90
44.59
51.37
96.26
109.29
98.44
209.51
194.92
Total Japan
EU(1)
49.82
48.31
50.03
51.55
50.34
52.41
50.80
50.18
51.33
50.01
49.58
51.72
48.63
47.99
50.71
47.11
44.72
49.82
48.47
45.35
51.13
50.05
46.51
53.12
49.99
45.94
52.87
48.55
45.98
51.67
46.19
44.46
49.27
42.98
41.99
45.58
45.88
x
50.10
50.06
x
53.14
49.11
56.01
52.19
70.14
98.14
63.60
89.91 100.61
89.53
111.72
89.80 102.37
98.10
x
99.84
148.39 157.59 132.75
129.77 181.25 124.64
Total (2)
..
..
42.22
36.50
..
..
..
..
..
31.97
31.26
33.15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
S. Africa
Total
37.37
38.84
43.31
40.35
41.16
37.48
39.66
39.68
37.72
31.39
34.38
32.09
37.81
32.43
27.91
43.15
53.00
54.94
67.93
114.58
95.04
(2) Low ash bituminous; injection grade to Japanese steel mills
Sources: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Tables 23 to 27) for Australia, Canada and the US, Latin America Coal & Power for Colombia
prior to 2003, Indonesia Mineral and Coal Statistics 2004 for Indonesia prior to 2003, Coal Americas, Energy Publishing Inc. for Colombia and
Indonesia 2003 onwards, Republic of S. Africa Minerals Bureau for South Africa prior to 2004, Xavier Provost, private consultant since 2004.
Table 4.7: Coking coal prices for industry

(US$/tce)
1978
1980
1985
1990
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
29.69
..
63.67
62.70
..
..
..
51.84
62.91
..
..
..
69.79
72.47
..
..
..
105.55
..
..
..
175.90
27.50
68.57
64.11
..
70.23
..
48.94
2000
29.57
..
66.51
64.82
..
..
..
58.46
71.78
..
..
..
69.57
73.35
..
..
..
131.85
..
116.19
..
243.16
28.29
103.43
72.84
127.61
83.99
..
61.20
2001
24.85
..
60.40
54.01
44.30
..
..
50.31
63.40
..
..
..
62.38
66.24
..
..
..
97.88
..
72.51
..
68.37
41.02
63.42
64.56
102.86
57.26
..
59.10
2002
..
..
61.72
..
52.62
..
..
62.62
63.02
..
..
..
64.88
68.03
..
..
..
154.34
..
93.32
..
52.51
56.55
..
..
..
82.07
..
52.01
2003
..
..
54.21
..
57.84
..
..
58.42
56.65
..
..
..
56.52
57.94
..
..
..
..
..
80.55
54.93
37.60
..
..
..
..
51.02
..
50.66
2004
..
..
57.55
..
64.92
..
101.01
59.55
60.34
..
..
..
60.70
61.13
..
..
..
..
..
89.69
60.05
43.92
..
..
..
..
86.05
..
51.52
2005
..
..
57.49
..
58.11
..
101.95
58.50
60.96
..
..
..
62.50
62.87
..
..
..
..
..
..
56.20
45.25
..
..
..
..
100.82
..
51.52
2006
..
..
57.58
..
56.28
..
106.56
55.72
60.05
..
..
..
61.12
62.65
..
..
..
..
..
..
49.94
42.79
..
..
..
..
110.65
..
51.58
2007
..
..
55.48
..
58.08
..
107.06
53.43
56.13
..
..
..
59.26
58.61
..
..
..
..
..
..
47.08
37.82
..
..
..
..
94.11
..
50.15
2008
..
..
49.29
..
56.79
..
105.93
47.44
..
..
..
..
52.70
49.64
..
..
..
..
..
..
38.32
31.74
..
..
..
..
70.90
..
49.91
2009
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
..
..
47.21
..
50.73
..
99.78
45.43
..
..
..
..
53.26
45.29
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.10
31.67
..
..
..
..
80.19
..
48.41
..
..
54.03
..
55.32
..
105.14
50.42
..
..
..
..
58.22
46.93
..
..
..
..
..
..
46.73
38.85
..
..
..
..
71.75
..
50.67
..
..
..
..
65.73
..
109.88
58.03
..
..
..
..
60.99
48.88
..
..
..
..
..
..
47.46
32.64
..
..
..
..
86.26
..
55.73
..
..
..
..
..
..
126.04
59.67
..
..
..
..
63.48
48.81
..
..
..
..
..
..
51.92
38.73
..
..
..
..
92.36
..
55.15
..
..
..
..
..
..
158.63
72.00
..
..
..
..
81.00
69.33
72.66
..
..
..
..
..
95.31
..
..
..
..
..
118.78
..
66.99
..
..
..
..
..
..
196.65
106.19
..
..
..
..
108.96
104.02
116.53
..
..
..
..
..
114.57
..
..
..
..
..
148.07
..
91.26
..
..
..
..
..
..
203.29
127.95
..
..
..
..
117.95
112.09
120.23
..
..
..
..
..
94.24
..
..
..
..
..
161.57
..
101.49
..
..
..
..
..
..
225.89
119.55
..
..
..
..
124.19
108.07
110.12
..
..
..
..
..
111.17
..
..
..
..
..
200.52
..
103.44
..
..
..
..
..
..
382.62
207.93
..
..
..
..
199.90
220.66
247.02
..
..
..
..
..
221.50
..
..
..
..
..
258.70
..
128.62
..
..
..
..
..
..
286.13
197.67
..
..
..
..
152.00
207.53
169.43
..
..
..
..
..
125.60
..
..
..
..
..
269.73
..
155.77
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes
Table 4.8: Steam coal prices for industry

(US$/tce)
1978
1980
1985
1990
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
..
90.20
29.62
43.98
..
76.39
51.74
61.82
98.52
93.42
..
..
70.05
71.23
..
..
..
57.76
36.23
39.79
..
..
7.88
..
77.55
68.81
..
49.74
36.26
2000
..
119.83
42.87
42.74
..
95.46
77.80
107.40
120.31
119.98
50.47
..
56.68
74.99
32.73
..
..
62.94
41.62
62.32
..
..
8.51
..
93.41
95.71
86.47
91.28
41.85
2001
27.23
65.63
54.28
50.08
19.06
81.93
57.34
89.61
98.18
..
57.76
..
56.50
66.49
40.62
..
..
60.33
..
45.67
..
..
11.70
..
69.90
70.26
51.63
72.98
44.31
2002
..
78.84
55.41
..
24.44
119.94
72.35
128.20
185.76
..
100.92
..
58.84
70.53
61.03
..
..
62.74
..
53.13
..
..
15.25
..
92.56
72.45
79.67
88.51
40.00
2003
..
70.46
..
..
27.50
74.21
65.45
129.90
200.20
..
..
..
51.12
57.78
53.72
..
..
..
..
45.45
44.62
..
..
..
..
55.73
52.26
68.61
38.76
2004
..
82.29
..
..
31.30
84.94
96.93
145.13
..
..
..
..
57.35
62.00
56.01
..
..
..
..
..
51.77
..
..
..
..
71.06
58.81
65.61
38.59
2005
..
74.31
..
..
29.84
..
89.18
142.46
..
..
..
..
55.92
63.93
53.71
..
..
..
..
..
52.50
..
..
..
..
69.84
60.50
61.64
38.45
2006
..
64.91
..
..
27.73
..
98.95
125.17
..
..
62.66
..
53.73
59.78
45.46
..
..
..
..
..
50.53
47.43
35.95
..
..
59.54
63.09
62.89
38.59
2007
..
64.72
..
..
29.43
..
97.05
126.61
..
..
66.26
..
46.24
53.76
33.38
..
..
..
..
..
57.85
35.69
35.36
..
..
58.75
61.75
64.98
38.42
2008
..
56.93
..
..
28.33
..
97.39
121.78
..
..
..
..
37.90
47.47
49.56
..
..
..
..
..
49.23
32.14
31.85
..
..
55.12
57.96
62.93
37.60
2009
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
..
54.73
..
..
26.96
..
89.47
105.48
..
..
..
..
43.46
45.68
58.36
..
..
..
..
..
48.83
37.98
..
..
..
60.13
53.26
59.32
37.77
..
56.42
..
..
28.43
..
97.40
107.49
..
..
..
..
50.90
49.69
51.13
..
..
..
..
..
54.39
46.43
..
..
..
68.67
52.41
63.69
39.02
..
75.33
..
..
33.87
..
96.68
109.32
..
..
..
..
47.01
48.29
52.96
..
..
..
..
..
50.23
39.74
..
..
..
61.64
69.46
65.08
39.97
..
87.64
..
..
..
..
113.53
130.49
..
..
..
..
48.09
45.29
58.42
..
..
..
..
..
56.63
47.00
..
..
..
75.26
73.39
70.29
40.73
..
171.25
..
..
..
..
140.81
..
..
..
..
..
72.13
67.16
57.88
..
..
..
..
..
65.40
..
..
..
..
110.08
67.16
86.76
46.79
..
178.69
..
..
..
..
146.63
..
..
..
..
..
83.23
81.25
66.77
..
..
..
..
..
71.39
..
..
..
..
110.03
78.71
99.65
56.31
..
181.33
..
..
..
..
149.81
..
..
..
..
..
78.59
87.10
61.12
..
..
..
..
..
81.68
..
..
..
..
111.25
79.99
99.17
61.57
..
203.12
..
..
..
..
166.59
..
..
..
..
..
97.48
97.98
75.29
..
..
..
..
..
96.83
..
..
..
..
145.85
115.02
113.43
64.85
..
249.48
..
..
..
..
249.09
..
..
..
..
..
163.22
167.62
124.80
..
..
..
..
..
135.19
..
..
..
..
252.48
152.51
116.05
75.60
..
243.28
..
..
..
..
192.19
..
..
..
..
..
129.51
151.91
94.12
..
..
..
..
..
119.04
..
..
..
..
160.86
139.04
105.90
77.31
Table 4.9: Steam coal prices for electricity generation

(US$/tce)
1978
1980
1985
1990
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
10.83
173.19
53.08
37.88
10.29
..
51.74
..
83.97
..
..
..
41.32
90.58
..
..
..
40.99
..
..
..
31.26
4.30
42.60
50.00
..
..
52.18
29.96
2000
14.47
176.96
62.51
48.61
11.54
55.86
77.80
56.31
100.08
..
33.66
..
57.37
90.23
..
..
33.41
63.99
..
..
3.31
44.39
4.81
69.75
91.90
..
49.88
91.65
36.39
2001
19.11
75.95
65.42
..
15.70
56.88
57.34
43.58
82.45
..
38.53
84.91
57.38
77.86
..
..
42.39
65.72
..
..
16.93
65.23
6.55
50.82
50.43
..
33.65
72.71
43.67
2002
29.05
80.98
59.60
61.02
20.49
..
72.35
57.35
141.95
..
90.60
63.11
67.72
101.84
..
..
48.20
71.37
..
..
17.03
58.90
8.61
..
..
..
31.85
96.27
38.52
2003
..
76.78
52.55
..
22.79
..
65.45
49.21
143.31
..
..
46.30
64.15
89.58
..
..
47.79
..
..
..
41.21
44.63
..
..
..
..
46.35
68.90
35.58
2004
..
..
57.28
..
26.48
..
96.93
55.34
163.77
..
..
53.27
65.27
92.27
..
..
39.17
..
..
..
43.52
50.80
..
..
..
..
62.46
68.61
34.58
2005
..
..
59.85
..
27.10
..
89.18
54.15
56.55
..
..
57.53
67.66
87.88
..
..
36.19
..
..
..
41.72
51.69
..
..
..
..
62.04
68.06
33.82
2006
..
..
55.95
..
24.42
..
59.94
53.83
49.61
..
..
51.66
63.14
74.99
..
..
41.14
..
..
..
40.84
48.20
24.33
..
..
..
54.68
68.44
33.40
2007
..
..
44.82
..
26.02
..
49.45
46.68
47.17
..
..
41.07
56.89
63.46
..
..
39.66
..
..
..
44.20
41.25
23.73
..
..
..
55.64
61.89
32.86
2008
..
..
39.63
..
26.43
..
45.31
43.11
42.45
..
..
34.88
..
55.83
..
..
44.02
..
..
..
39.56
36.10
20.47
..
..
..
54.01
58.20
31.92
2009
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
..
56.94
42.95
20.54
21.88
..
44.40
41.98
42.94
..
..
34.26
..
51.42
..
..
48.69
..
..
..
38.86
34.67
..
..
..
..
50.45
55.02
31.51
..
48.41
49.46
21.27
22.10
..
53.62
51.04
52.51
..
..
39.99
..
53.65
..
..
51.94
..
..
..
43.31
44.23
..
..
..
..
35.92
57.50
32.33
..
55.78
45.21
22.02
23.40
..
50.59
48.35
46.27
..
..
42.37
..
49.77
..
..
51.56
..
..
..
44.13
37.06
..
..
..
..
53.19
55.10
32.91
..
68.29
47.13
24.15
..
..
55.49
47.85
50.64
..
..
40.16
43.38
..
..
..
49.13
..
..
..
49.33
44.00
..
..
..
..
66.45
56.85
33.33
..
86.09
95.02
23.34
..
..
76.99
71.64
70.87
..
..
75.99
70.11
..
50.51
..
56.83
..
..
..
54.89
65.92
..
..
..
..
90.65
73.98
35.48
..
92.70
105.36
28.16
..
..
82.82
84.41
80.73
..
..
79.21
83.45
..
58.44
..
62.69
..
..
..
65.19
77.51
..
..
..
..
88.29
81.19
40.50
..
98.23
82.93
30.19
..
..
85.36
82.15
78.92
..
..
69.22
79.24
..
54.73
..
64.79
..
..
..
69.75
66.84
..
..
..
..
86.87
86.73
44.47
..
101.93
99.07
31.97
..
..
96.21
94.53
91.38
..
..
94.31
100.83
..
63.96
..
70.26
..
..
..
79.21
87.61
..
..
..
..
97.12
102.00
46.45
..
129.35
171.19
..
..
..
164.25
153.44
154.47
..
..
112.40
169.04
..
96.49
..
80.19
..
..
..
110.19
162.01
..
..
..
..
113.22
148.68
54.32
..
127.50
100.77
..
..
..
111.56
128.44
111.47
..
..
128.53
122.09
..
87.54
..
78.20
..
..
..
112.62
93.32
..
..
..
..
112.43
105.08
57.97
5. COAL FOR OTHER USES
Table 5.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity, 1990 to 2008
(GW)
1990
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
24.92
1.89
4.90
19.24
12.11
7.54
5.79
14.23
42.73
3.89
2.24
..
0.87
9.03
40.47
..
0.09
1.20
3.77
1.09
0.05
25.99
1.47
..
10.41
..
0.01
5.58
41.17
307.96
Coal
2006
29.37
2.47
2.10
..
11.53
5.87
7.82
..
..
4.81
1.45
..
0.88
9.69
58.89
21.64
..
5.38
..
1.11
0.07
28.48
2.04
1.78
..
..
0.21
10.67
31.19
315.21
2007
2008
1990
29.42
2.20
..
..
11.51
6.17
7.84
..
..
4.81
1.37
..
0.85
9.50
58.13
23.97
..
5.43
..
1.12
0.07
28.45
2.11
1.51
..
..
0.28
10.67
31.40
315.05
30.17
3.07
..
..
11.58
5.92
7.80
..
..
4.81
1.29
..
0.86
10.32
60.02
27.40
..
5.59
..
1.12
0.07
28.37
2.13
1.50
..
..
0.26
10.66
29.99
315.32
38.45
16.69
14.14
104.14
15.28
9.14
13.22
103.41
97.75
8.51
7.18
0.94
3.81
56.56
194.73
..
1.24
28.27
17.56
7.18
27.13
27.97
7.40
..
43.42
34.19
16.56
16.32
73.21
733.59
Total
2006
51.22
19.38
16.26
123.95
17.51
13.02
16.56
115.72
131.58
13.57
8.62
1.73
6.44
89.49
278.71
70.08
1.66
53.80
22.98
8.81
29.52
32.36
14.46
8.22
81.24
34.13
19.12
40.57
83.62
986.95
2007
2008
53.19
19.44
16.38
126.38
17.56
12.61
16.70
116.55
134.07
13.69
8.54
2.36
7.49
93.60
279.15
73.37
1.66
56.23
23.80
9.39
30.32
32.50
14.99
7.35
88.67
34.30
19.22
40.84
84.50
995.88
55.51
20.80
16.76
127.64
17.74
12.50
16.65
117.82
139.28
14.25
8.63
2.57
7.40
98.63
280.53
79.86
1.67
57.23
24.88
9.38
30.79
32.68
15.76
7.36
93.53
33.94
19.40
41.82
85.61
1011.60
Note: Includes multi-fired units.

Note: Includes autoproducers for all countries except Japan.
Note: For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.
Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Information
Table 5.2: OECD coal and peat use for electricity production and heat sold
(Mtce)
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
19.7
1.2
3.9
11.9
11.9
2.3
1.7
14.8
104.1
2.0
5.8
0.9
1.9
17.1
0.5
0.4
0.1
1.1
0.5
52.9
0.3
2.7
4.3
0.1
1.8
65.0
309.9
28.8
1.2
5.5
21.5
15.5
8.0
4.9
24.4
115.8
3.8
6.9
0.8
6.0
15.0
1.2
0.2
2.6
0.2
77.0
0.1
4.1
11.2
0.1
2.6
74.3
417.2
33.7
1.7
5.3
28.3
16.5
9.7
4.5
15.0
123.1
6.9
6.0
1.2
9.9
29.9
6.9
0.2
1.0
5.3
0.3
82.9
0.3
4.1
17.2
1.9
6.0
61.4
501.8
41.3
2.4
6.5
30.0
20.5
8.1
4.7
12.0
115.4
9.8
4.5
2.6
11.4
36.3
8.5
0.2
2.6
8.3
0.3
74.9
2.9
3.3
20.3
1.6
7.8
68.3
565.7
46.3
2.0
6.3
31.3
21.3
8.7
5.9
9.6
103.2
10.1
4.0
3.0
8.8
51.5
16.9
0.1
4.8
9.1
0.4
60.0
4.2
3.1
21.9
1.4
10.5
49.7
636.7
60.0
2.0
4.7
39.7
20.9
5.2
4.9
10.9
98.8
11.7
4.1
2.7
9.6
69.1
33.7
6.8
7.9
0.7
56.2
4.6
2.4
26.7
1.1
14.1
41.1
716.5
68.0
2.9
3.8
35.0
20.6
5.9
8.5
9.2
103.2
12.4
3.7
2.4
16.4
86.0
50.1
8.3
8.5
1.7
56.6
4.6
2.5
25.6
1.5
12.1
44.6
702.6
71.9
2.6
3.5
35.6
20.1
4.9
4.8
10.3
97.2
12.4
3.1
2.7
16.1
89.7
51.9
11.4
8.0
2.1
56.4
4.8
2.5
25.7
1.2
13.5
46.0
718.7
74.0
2.6
3.2
36.0
20.1
7.6
8.5
8.9
99.4
11.4
2.9
2.5
19.1
87.5
54.0
10.1
7.7
2.0
58.4
4.7
2.4
22.0
1.2
16.2
50.5
706.9
70.8
2.4
3.1
35.6
22.0
6.3
7.9
9.6
103.1
11.9
3.1
2.3
16.7
91.7
54.5
10.9
8.3
1.1
57.0
3.9
2.2
25.1
1.1
19.0
46.3
717.5
71.9
2.1
2.7
33.3
20.6
5.5
5.7
8.7
95.5
11.4
3.0
2.3
16.6
86.4
61.4
7.6
7.8
1.7
54.9
3.5
2.1
16.1
1.2
20.5
42.2
707.3
IEA Europe
OECD Europe
IEA North America
OECD North America
OECD/IEA Pacific
279.3
279.3
321.7
321.8
37.8
364.9
364.9
438.7
438.7
45.2
378.9
378.9
530.1
531.0
70.8
385.8
385.8
595.8
598.3
86.4
342.9
342.9
668.0
672.8
115.1
329.7
329.7
756.2
763.1
163.4
345.1
345.1
737.6
745.9
205.8
335.8
335.8
754.3
765.7
215.5
349.4
349.4
742.9
753.1
217.5
351.2
351.2
753.1
764.0
218.1
322.3
322.3
740.6
748.1
221.4
IEA Total
OECD Total
638.8
638.9
848.8
848.8
979.7
980.7
1068.0
1070.6
1126.0
1130.8
1249.4
1256.3
1288.5
1296.9
1305.6
1317.0
1309.8
1320.0
1322.4
1333.3
1284.2
1291.8
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
"Coal" refers to all coal types, primary (including hard and brown coal), and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke
oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas) as well as peat,
peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce units using calorific values largely submitted in
annual questionnaires to the IEA Secretariat by OECD member countries.
For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
Table 5.3: OECD coal use in coke ovens*

(million tonnes)
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
IEA Total
OECD Total
1973
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
9.5
2.3
9.9
7.7
18.6
15.3
46.3
0.5
1.6
10.4
62.3
0.4
2.8
3.4
0.4
21.6
0.4
2.8
6.4
0.7
2.0
24.0
87.3
7.0
2.4
7.9
7.3
12.2
14.6
38.7
0.4
1.4
11.2
65.7
4.0
4.0
3.7
0.4
25.3
0.3
2.1
5.2
1.7
2.6
13.5
60.5
5.5
2.4
7.8
6.3
10.6
11.3
31.5
0.9
10.1
67.6
7.0
3.8
4.1
0.4
20.5
0.4
2.5
4.9
1.6
3.7
9.7
37.2
5.9
2.3
7.2
5.0
8.5
0.7
9.5
24.1
1.0
8.6
65.2
11.7
2.9
3.8
18.2
0.3
2.9
4.5
1.5
4.7
10.1
35.3
5.9
1.9
4.7
4.2
6.6
1.7
7.7
13.7
1.4
6.7
60.8
14.1
2.7
4.0
15.4
0.5
2.4
3.3
1.6
4.2
8.1
29.9
4.8
1.9
3.9
4.2
4.6
1.3
6.5
11.4
1.3
6.4
57.4
16.4
2.7
3.0
12.3
0.5
2.2
3.6
1.8
4.2
8.2
26.0
5.1
1.9
3.6
4.4
4.6
1.3
5.9
10.3
0.8
4.8
59.0
16.0
2.4
3.1
0.8
13.6
2.4
3.9
1.8
4.3
5.5
18.9
5.4
1.9
3.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
5.8
10.2
0.8
5.1
59.4
15.4
2.4
3.2
0.8
11.2
2.4
3.6
1.8
4.2
5.6
18.4
4.7
1.9
3.7
4.3
4.3
1.2
5.9
10.4
1.3
5.8
59.9
15.1
2.5
3.0
0.8
12.8
2.4
3.7
2.2
4.7
5.9
18.6
4.6
1.9
3.4
4.3
4.1
1.2
6.0
10.4
1.5
5.9
59.7
15.5
2.5
3.1
0.8
13.5
2.4
3.7
2.0
4.4
5.9
18.2
4.5
1.9
2.8
4.3
4.3
1.2
6.0
10.3
1.4
5.6
56.6
16.8
2.5
3.1
0.7
13.1
2.2
3.5
2.0
5.5
5.9
20.0
333.5
336.3
288.1
292.1
246.0
249.8
231.2
234.0
199.0
201.7
181.8
184.5
172.1
174.5
168.5
170.9
172.5
175.1
172.6
175.2
171.7
174.3
* For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.

Table 5.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals
Australia
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Korea
Netherlands
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Colombia
India
Russian Federation
Total World
(thousand tonnes)
2001
2002
1990
1995
2000
..
513
1310
1730
170
5252
..
680
219
..
210
..
767
200
487
..
..
..
859
2305
1843
1230
8286
2181
845
313
..
245
..
585
2300
443
..
..
..
1458
2462
2530
1198
10936
3031
1040
390
681
277
..
456
2924e
231
2111
319
..
1040
2251
2293
1139
11165
3741
1203
511
764
462
..
764
2836e
231
2119
309
11538
21435
30044
30828
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
..
824
2506
2287
996
11045
4663
1240
427
689
487
..
726
2563
215
2328
238
655
712
2439
3060
1223
11097
5005
1330
404
542
471
..
882
2501
336
2428
259
807
642
2534
2641
1628
10416
5065e
1468
412
649
548
..
895
2405
231
2059
410
881
522
2936
2770
1678
10440
5481
1522
388
717
506
..
1039
1519
233
2160
2683
790
514
3193
2975
1818
10670
5852
1324
470
511
493
..
1121
1814
198
2266
2841
808
450
3110
3115
1030
11594
6284
1593
468
769
532
293
1242
1959
198
2377
3500
825
478
2636
3071
1102
9705
6997
1353
406
661
515
444
1170
2482
255
2493
3996
31234
33344
32810
35475
36850
39322
38589
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries
6. CHARTS
Figure 1: World steam and coking coal production

(million tonnes)
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Hard coal
Steam coal
Coking coal
Figure 2: World steam and coking coal trade

(million tonnes)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Steam coal exports
Coking coal exports
Figure 3: Coking coal price

CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t)
250
200
150
100
50
CIF Japan
CIF EU member states
Figure 4: Steam coal price

CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
CIF Japan
Figure 5: Steam coal price

US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
US domestic
US FOB
Figure 6: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t)

and US exports (million tonnes)
45
160
40
140
120
30
100
25
80
20
US$/t
Million tonnes
35
60
15
40
10
5
20
US export volume
Figure 7: OECD total primary energy supply

(Mtce)
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1973
1980
1990
Coal
Oil
2000
Gas
2006
Nuclear
2007
Hydro
2008
Others
Figure 8: OECD coal consumption and indicators

2005=100
120
100
80
60
40
20
GDP
Industrial production
Coal supply
Electricity generation
Total TPES
2009e
Figure 9: Japan steam coal supply,

Imports, GDP annual growth rates
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5%
-10%
-15%
Steam coal import
Steam coal supply
GDP
Figure 10: EU member states steam coal supply,

Imports, GDP annual growth rates
25%
5%
20%
4%
2%
% change
10%
1%
5%
0%
0%
-1%
-5%
-2%
-10%
% change GDP
3%
15%
-3%
-15%
-4%
-20%
-5%
Steam coal import
Steam coal supply
GDP
Figure 11: Hard coal production by region

(million tonnes)
6500
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e
Europe
Former Soviet Union
North America
Latin America
Asia
Aus. + N.Z.
Africa
Figure 12: Hard coal consumption by region

(million tonnes)
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e
Europe
Former Soviet Union
North America
Latin America
Asia
Aus. + N.Z.
Africa
Figure 13: Hard coal imports by region

(million tonnes)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e
Europe
Former Soviet Union
North America
Latin America
Asia
Aus. + N.Z.
Africa
Figure 14: Hard coal exports by region

(million tonnes)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009e
Europe
Former Soviet Union
North America
Latin America
Asia
Aus. + N.Z.
Africa
COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV - IV.1
PART IV
DETAILED OECD COAL DATA
DIRECTORY OF PART IV FIGURES AND

TABLES
Part IV of Coal Information contains detailed statistical information on coal for 30 of 311 Member countries of the OECD and for regional aggregates (OECD
Total, OECD North America, OECD/IEA Pacific,
OECD Europe, IEA Total, IEA North America,
IEA Europe). The figures and tables of regional aggregates are presented before the country tables which
are set out in alphabetical order.
Data for each OECD and IEA region and country are
illustrated in figures at the beginning of each section.
This is followed by detailed statistical information
presented in several tables for each region and country.
Figures:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Total primary energy supply by fuel

Coal supply indicators
Primary coal supply
Coal consumption
Electricity generation by fuel
CO2 emissions by fuel
It should be noted that not all tables are shown for all
countries. For example, in the case where a country
has no or very few coal exports, the related tables (on
volumes and values) are omitted. The content of current figures and tables is described below.
In each table, hard coal is the sum of coking coal and
steam coal. Data for 2009 are provisional with the
exception of Tables 7, 12 and 13 where data for 2009
are final. US$ refers to dollars used in the United
States of America. Prices for regional totals are calcu-
lated as weighted average of available price data in

the region and therefore prices shown should be considered only indicative. Consumption is used as
weight. Data are converted from unit prices to tonnes
of coal equivalent (tce) using the country specific
calorific values.
Tables:
1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel
2. Energy supply, GDP and population
3. Coal production by type
4. Final consumption of energy by fuel
5. Coal balance
6. Use of coal for selected end-uses
7. Fuel prices to end users
8. Coal trade by type of coal
9. Hard coal imports by origin
10. Coking coal exports by destination
11. Steam coal exports by destination
12. Coal import values by origin
13. Coal export values by destination
Interpreting energy data and comparing statistics between countries is made difficult by differences in
definitions used by countries in the collection and
reporting of data. In Part I, such differences are explained. The conventions used by the Secretariat in
presenting energy data are also reported. In particular,
readers are strongly advised to read the country notes.
Conversion factors are also included for reference.
1 Chile became an OECD member on the 7th of May 2010, so is not

included in any OECD aggregate data for the 2010 Edition, or present
as an individual country in Part IV of Coal Information.
OECD TOTAL*
Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)
Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce)

9000
140
8000
120
7000
100
6000
80
5000
4000
60
3000
40
2000
20
1000
0
Coal
1800
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce)
1600
1600
1400
1400
1200
1200
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
12000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
1800
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Electricity and heat
Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh)
14000
Industry
2008
Other use
Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)
12000
10000
10000
8000
8000
6000
6000
4000
4000
2000
2000
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures.
IV.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART IV
OECD TOTAL
1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Net electricity trade(1)
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
5320.45
1204.78
2792.51
1008.33
122.91
70.31
112.09
8.68
0.07
0.77
-
5787.08
1378.59
2761.05
1110.34
155.47
231.79
133.26
14.55
0.10
1.93
-
6398.71
1525.49
2642.63
1199.47
201.22
642.87
143.71
37.69
2.67
2.88
0.08
7476.94
1548.79
2985.55
1642.76
249.64
835.63
161.92
43.37
8.30
0.38
0.59
7843.04
1650.45
3003.85
1803.35
315.41
846.26
154.87
43.26
24.50
0.38
0.72
7746.33
1611.55
2907.71
1815.69
327.80
846.17
161.24
43.76
30.17
1.36
0.87
7387.88
1455.38
2745.58
1786.16
328.34
832.10
158.11
45.07
34.78
1.51
0.86
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.09
1.40
-0.32
1.03
2.94
13.90
1.47
9.02
24.04
8.03
-
1.07
0.31
0.53
2.33
2.75
1.54
0.64
0.83
14.41
-4.07
13.98
(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries.

(2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector.
2. Energy supply, GDP and population*
GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
Population (millions)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
Coal and peat supply/GDP(2)
Elec. consumption/GDP (2)
Elec. generation (TWh)
Industrial production(2)
1973
12210
0.44
902.3
5.90
151.4
165.5
96.9
4454
..
1980
14786
0.39
964.9
6.00
136.0
156.4
100.9
5644
60.7
1990
20022
0.32
1042.7
6.14
111.0
127.8
100.1
7560
77.0
2000
25979
0.29
1126.8
6.64
100.0
100.0
100.0
9614
100.0
2007
30371
0.26
1181.9
6.64
89.7
91.2
95.8
10658
112.4
2008
30504
0.25
1189.8
6.51
88.2
88.6
95.4
10676
110.4
2009e
29769
0.25
1195.9
6.18
86.2
82.0
..
10230
97.3
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.95
2.37
-1.81
-1.27
0.85
0.74
0.24
0.33
-1.81
-1.27
-1.51
-2.01
0.19
-0.27
3.16
1.94
2.02
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita.

(2) As index, 2000 = 100
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators
3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
290.52
740.20
213.08
2.30
304.93
845.73
230.24
2.67
281.49
968.82
265.66
4.96
229.11
932.60
207.60
3.38
247.88
1009.81
207.15
2.62
250.56
1018.14
206.74
2.93
218.95
967.81
197.19
4.05
-0.26
2.27
1.85
6.61
-0.64
0.28
-1.38
-2.88
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
296.47
890.40
666.16
8.05
310.10
1025.03
699.43
9.34
282.54
1173.13
806.24
14.68
235.27
1159.32
614.12
10.36
258.07
1258.28
621.84
7.76
261.33
1270.74
615.96
8.68
228.20
1205.21
586.63
11.90
-0.40
2.32
1.60
5.13
-0.43
0.44
-1.48
-2.88
(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available.

* Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
OECD TOTAL
4. Final consumption of energy by fuel*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
4007.61
407.60
2253.24
736.48
118.56
0.51
461.64
29.59
4185.43
354.80
2237.25
812.12
147.30
0.73
0.04
582.27
50.93
4399.85
330.17
2255.41
843.01
126.39
2.96
2.04
782.24
57.62
5150.18
199.10
2615.69
1060.32
183.91
3.98
4.41
1013.94
68.85
5351.43
197.94
2705.73
1022.24
207.93
5.04
4.52
1110.69
97.34
5371.27
199.21
2672.92
1048.77
219.78
5.22
4.93
1135.15
85.29
5279.83
192.98
2573.80
1053.41
228.81
5.54
5.26
1135.68
84.37
0.55
-1.23
0.01
0.80
0.38
10.94
3.15
4.00
1.02
-2.94
0.74
1.25
3.35
3.54
5.39
2.09
2.14
1363.80
255.60
444.57
362.46
60.03
0.04
225.58
15.52
1339.52
225.97
395.06
360.98
70.11
0.04
265.33
22.05
1171.67
227.41
237.31
321.76
50.73
0.38
0.01
314.39
19.68
1286.99
171.11
202.22
399.95
98.58
0.44
0.14
391.54
23.01
1253.29
169.18
197.76
360.27
102.46
0.42
0.18
380.28
42.74
1257.24
169.65
184.89
374.21
104.35
0.41
0.18
386.80
36.73
1213.45
156.80
177.85
361.57
100.76
0.42
0.18
380.72
35.14
-0.89
-0.68
-3.63
-0.70
-0.98
13.75
1.97
1.41
0.19
-2.04
-1.59
0.65
3.89
0.54
16.70
1.07
3.27
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
989.04
10.30
946.90
24.28
1112.59
3.64
1076.08
24.22
1333.94
0.40
1295.84
26.68
1623.58
0.14
1574.63
29.96
1734.45
0.14
1666.39
29.76
1754.19
0.14
1675.93
31.58
1701.39
0.15
1611.64
31.84
1.78
-17.38
1.86
0.56
1.36
-5.18
1.22
0.99
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
7.55
781.07
95.33
282.44
220.01
0.00
8.64
791.21
83.53
213.05
256.00
0.01
11.01
844.52
63.67
170.12
286.17
5.76
13.10
980.09
19.24
181.04
368.11
24.40
13.76
991.84
18.41
154.76
372.10
32.80
13.74
994.36
17.65
138.71
378.19
43.93
13.82
1013.55
21.66
142.02
387.14
5.41
2.24
0.46
-2.35
-2.94
1.56
x
1.27
1.02
-5.82
-1.00
1.69
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Comm & public services
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
38.88
0.42
132.92
11.07
406.50
24.34
186.43
104.05
41.23
0.64
0.04
177.30
19.42
419.44
26.26
151.20
113.78
53.46
1.38
1.91
240.89
26.92
502.64
22.91
120.00
144.48
71.72
2.22
3.99
305.17
28.61
618.02
4.32
117.43
187.43
72.18
2.99
3.97
345.62
21.81
670.38
5.24
107.33
197.99
73.48
3.16
4.33
352.60
26.24
678.72
5.18
96.90
203.16
74.68
3.42
4.61
353.79
26.24
694.45
6.93
99.28
211.95
1.89
7.32
3.56
5.36
1.26
-0.36
-2.56
1.95
1.87
5.15
5.02
2.16
-0.14
1.81
-6.42
-1.05
2.15
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.16
0.02
89.29
1.21
314.77
4.42
302.45
7.90
1.54
0.02
123.43
3.21
347.64
3.27
320.08
24.30
0.52
0.22
0.09
206.14
8.28
412.60
3.51
358.97
50.12
3.77
0.78
0.17
293.36
10.76
527.32
2.30
466.03
58.99
6.23
1.07
0.30
341.32
10.90
550.13
2.98
505.02
42.13
6.40
1.09
0.33
350.60
15.05
552.83
4.83
504.53
43.47
6.69
1.16
0.37
352.22
15.85
519.73
4.67
472.14
42.93
-4.61
15.84
5.04
12.01
1.60
-1.35
1.01
11.48
15.26
9.65
8.01
3.02
3.67
1.29
1.59
1.53
-0.86
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use.
OECD TOTAL
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
1169.0
173.9
-158.7
20.6
1383.6
236.0
-214.9
-26.0
1520.9
312.6
-286.5
-21.5
1372.7
427.5
-308.0
56.6
1467.5
546.1
-361.5
-1.6
1478.4
544.7
-386.3
-25.2
1388.0
475.3
-367.1
-40.8
1.6
3.5
3.5
x
-0.2
3.1
1.7
x
Primary supply
1204.8
1378.6
1525.5
1548.8
1650.4
1611.6
1455.4
1.4
0.3
Statistical difference
21.2
-20.7
3.0
22.5
-13.3
-18.7
..
Total transformation
-781.2
-974.9
-1176.4
-1352.1
-1415.9
-1378.2
..
2.4
0.9
Electricity and heat gen.

Main activity producers (1)
-638.9
-617.8
-21.1
-848.8
-785.3
-63.6
-1070.6
-1003.3
-67.3
-1256.3
-1202.9
-53.4
-1333.3
-1289.1
-44.2
-1291.8
-1249.2
-42.6
..
..
..
3.1
2.9
7.1
1.0
1.2
-2.5
Autoproducers
Gas works
-12.0
-8.6
-6.3
-3.6
-3.2
-3.4
..
-3.7
-3.3
-130.4
2.2
-93.7
-38.1
-0.8
-117.4
1.4
-80.0
-38.9
0.1
-99.6
-0.8
-76.7
-17.5
-4.6
-92.3
-0.2
-78.1
-14.0
-0.0
-79.4
-0.2
-74.4
-10.7
5.9
-82.9
-0.2
-70.7
-12.1
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-1.6
-1.2
-4.5
11.2
-1.0
-7.4
-0.5
-2.0
-
Other transformation(3)
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
Energy ind. own use
-33.8
-26.7
-21.1
-19.0
-20.8
-20.4
..
-2.7
-0.2
-3.3
-1.5
-0.8
-1.1
-1.3
-1.3
..
407.6
354.8
330.2
199.1
199.2
193.0
..
-1.2
-2.9
255.6
132.7
26.4
20.3
11.6
226.0
105.6
24.7
32.1
11.2
227.4
82.5
28.0
41.3
16.2
171.1
63.8
18.2
35.8
8.2
169.7
61.2
16.1
32.3
10.7
156.8
60.6
16.5
30.4
11.0
..
..
..
..
..
-0.7
-2.8
0.3
4.3
2.0
-2.0
-1.7
-2.9
-1.7
-2.1
Coal transformation(2)
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Paper, pulp and print
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Comm. and pub. services
Residential
Non-energy use
10.3
3.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
..
-17.4
-5.2
137.3
24.3
95.3
121.9
26.3
83.5
98.9
22.9
63.7
25.5
4.3
19.2
24.6
5.2
17.7
31.4
6.9
21.7
..
..
..
-1.9
-0.4
-2.3
-6.2
-6.4
-5.8
4.4
3.3
3.5
2.3
4.8
4.7
..
-1.3
1.6
(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating.
(2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke,
(2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas).
(3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes.
(4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other).
(5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation.
(6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways.
(7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential.
* "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal)
* and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace
* gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using
* calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.
OECD TOTAL
6. Use of coal for selected end-uses*
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Total electricity and heat
Main activity producers
Autoproducers
Patent fuel/BKB plants
Coke ovens
Blast furnace inputs
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Res, comm & pub serv (1)
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
913.64
701.37
651.67
49.70
25.21
2.40
0.01
1.83
92.99
9.59
13.82
27.16
9.02
33.41
57.64
0.08
1207.55
1010.35
961.19
49.16
22.83
5.97
3.76
0.41
119.21
8.00
22.55
41.80
15.79
31.07
35.26
0.33
1374.68
1238.17
1204.69
33.47
2.06
13.25
9.69
101.02
8.26
17.49
36.50
8.53
30.24
18.19
0.34
1500.82
1227.85
1201.04
26.81
122.25
14.18
9.71
96.26
10.08
14.83
31.67
11.37
28.31
17.34
0.68
1507.32
1257.47
1231.81
25.66
96.99
14.05
10.21
100.30
10.39
14.80
32.10
11.70
31.31
17.28
0.52
1529.52
1245.94
1219.64
26.29
130.12
14.84
10.00
103.04
10.18
14.50
33.00
11.33
34.03
17.99
1.91
1499.74
1340.81
1314.95
25.86
2.63
12.85
10.21
93.94
9.55
15.89
31.30
11.87
25.33
23.11
1.62
2.35
3.09
3.29
-0.09
-0.82
7.88
73.63
-11.75
2.09
-1.50
4.17
3.66
4.78
-0.60
-4.01
12.80
1.21
1.58
1.76
-3.51
-11.32
4.35
5.72
-1.32
0.98
-1.92
-1.59
-1.58
-1.13
-2.32
9.24
292.81
7.14
6.19
0.95
275.47
6.91
0.26
0.07
0.01
0.00
0.18
0.28
-
255.48
18.23
14.32
3.91
228.07
6.71
0.26
2.14
1.63
0.01
0.49
0.16
-
205.46
13.37
10.17
3.20
171.28
15.75
2.65
0.24
0.00
0.02
2.39
0.10
0.23
189.98
12.70
10.73
1.97
2.81
156.73
18.73
0.82
0.23
0.01
0.57
0.13
0.22
194.15
12.20
9.95
2.25
2.26
161.01
19.01
0.74
0.51
0.02
0.22
0.11
0.23
198.77
13.48
11.40
2.08
2.37
160.32
21.10
0.67
0.38
0.04
0.25
0.08
0.23
194.89
10.52
8.78
1.73
161.42
19.17
1.08
0.84
0.06
0.19
0.12
0.22
-1.13
8.12
7.23
12.52
-1.56
-23.92
19.24
30.01
13.00
8.98
-4.53
-
-1.49
-3.01
-2.68
-4.41
-1.90
6.01
-3.71
-3.65
8.87
-5.25
-1.68
-
666.47
427.96
410.91
17.05
137.19
6.40
51.14
1.12
14.39
1.65
4.51
29.47
28.94
0.83
815.27
609.01
580.39
28.62
110.75
8.47
42.05
1.40
10.98
1.65
2.06
25.97
39.71
0.67
624.09
580.95
572.38
8.57
13.13
0.00
7.02
15.68
0.22
3.37
0.65
0.57
10.88
8.08
0.16
624.61
585.44
577.34
8.09
13.33
0.00
6.88
9.38
0.09
3.23
0.35
0.49
5.24
7.85
0.21
615.71
571.50
563.64
7.86
13.73
0.00
7.10
10.56
0.08
3.24
0.53
0.41
6.30
9.11
0.20
631.18
587.12
581.84
5.28
12.91
0.00
6.82
9.44
0.09
2.12
0.62
0.37
6.24
9.36
0.04
622.84
575.15
568.88
6.27
13.45
0.00
6.94
9.15
0.07
2.23
0.62
0.36
5.87
7.75
0.04
1.69
2.98
2.92
4.41
-1.77
2.36
-1.62
1.91
-2.23
-0.02
-6.32
-1.05
2.67
-1.78
-1.48
-0.32
-0.11
-8.09
-11.05
-1.10
-8.12
-15.14
-8.47
-5.26
-9.30
-7.93
-8.68
-15.12
(1) Residential, commercial and public services.

OECD TOTAL
7. Fuel prices to end users*
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)
For electricity generation

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
High sulphur fuel oil
Low sulphur fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry
(US dollars / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

(2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 10 7 kilocalories GCV.
8. Coal trade by type of coal*

(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal / lignite
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
173.89
144.69
..
..
5.30
23.90
235.97
209.71
125.70
84.00
5.73
20.54
312.60
293.47
140.90
152.58
5.08
0.10
13.95
427.53
401.35
135.46
265.89
4.67
0.10
21.42
505.08
480.66
132.80
347.87
5.10
0.13
19.18
538.28
514.33
136.69
377.64
4.14
0.12
19.70
546.14
520.74
141.30
379.44
6.02
0.18
19.20
544.70
517.83
142.40
375.43
7.08
0.23
19.56
475.29
461.94
113.78
348.16
3.75
0.22
9.39
158.67
131.78
..
..
1.44
25.46
214.91
187.26
124.91
62.34
4.57
0.00
23.08
286.55
264.95
161.23
103.72
4.32
0.12
17.16
308.02
294.27
162.62
131.65
1.33
0.06
12.35
338.41
325.25
176.50
148.75
0.83
0.05
12.29
345.49
328.60
171.56
157.04
1.10
0.04
15.76
361.54
345.71
186.83
158.88
1.10
0.02
14.72
386.30
370.40
200.53
169.88
1.93
0.01
13.96
367.14
355.61
179.74
175.87
1.05
0.01
10.46
(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels.
OECD TOTAL
9. Hard coal imports by origin*
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
China, People's Rep.
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Former Soviet Union(2)
Russian Federation (3)
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
165001
270255
307323
351032
442891
574728
586022
582690
523076
98987
29796
11598
909
10948
6619
79
25075
116
136369
43475
20623
695
5219
5025
87
44013
686
136493
49608
16250
774
3141
2570
65
43205
305
133802
52923
17183
2985
37
6573
32737
667
138570
67155
17972
3388
2
3125
24038
398
139284
68690
15484
4562
3
4053
17773
403
144131
74253
17796
4678
3246
18654
299
145372
72665
16319
4366
2532
23294
384
116649
51104
12263
3791
183
2521
19908
937
420
2566
5249
5612
1211
50
103
5342
4216
5624
2803
177
714
3213
8569
5099
5339
137
4843
3643
3267
22
990
2456
9557
140
6327
991
4825
26
454
80
92
9194
222
10622
90
6369
713
815
40
251
5880
163
10659
284
5992
674
1059
494
5789
338
11027
542
5492
648
1023
75
878
2760
284
16500
1174
3824
198
544
31
627
66014
4556
970
243
6716
16292
2285
9296
980
133886
30433
4051
462
3526
15429
2394
26912
2718
170830
34664
9885
327
2124
13084
2428
35894
3686
217230
51101
13926
1517
845
15620
713
33335
2134
304321
77808
10649
2393
437
18590
593
21907
4307
435444
101184
7641
1214
436
14941
196
12983
3569
441891
105245
9976
1368
457
10866
204
11261
5494
437318
107864
9054
1519
585
8523
404
21431
7050
406427
121071
6769
2136
417
6703
1575
16933
5953
534
11967
3012
9163
2663
2083
306
32671
2915
157
7166
6287
10450
1000
33156
9517
1752
150
6426
15372
14281
11656
39460
10474
687
3506
1860
743
34741
29428
23066
46337
20887
891
5041
1572
5674
31370
53857
66637
55514
69545
2696
5343
3310
5008
30244
57167
69054
49170
73809
2237
5036
3199
7104
26725
55954
68803
40262
74163
2741
3501
2821
5918
15608
52063
58429
32178
73819
1915
1843
3533
5482

(2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics.
(3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries.
OECD TOTAL
10. Coking coal exports by destination*
(thousand tonnes)
Total Exports
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Oth. Africa & Mid. East
Other Latin America
China(2)
Other Asia & Oceania
Other Europe and FSU
Non-Specified/Other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
107072
152492
162292
169662
168603
180273
196284
210734
188525
90281
1283
3860
5410
8972
714
245
8393
43380
2503
286
10
3347
193
387
5126
3257
840
18
498
1402
157
123513
1582
5031
6360
8609
950
7
13
62
10228
59198
7014
498
5206
232
369
4183
4283
1564
5
2232
5777
110
122399
1351
7450
4018
50
330
8494
877
28
3
8734
55410
7852
3
5273
99
805
3681
4499
1568
3
2869
8230
772
127906
125
1897
5890
4039
871
9
1249
6177
999
1
1287
39
3
7824
53979
15654
10
517
5766
239
896
434
2657
3267
2006
3
3681
7612
775
127377
122
1844
4551
3501
214
1005
6629
4891
1075
48
4
7381
52798
15305
1406
4745
95
538
198
1570
4163
2128
46
3954
8626
540
124623
1547
3594
4134
944
1172
5061
4658
674
19
1
6507
52688
12277
2125
9336
1367
2353
3109
1596
3357
6606
1498
128451
1583
3363
3299
1024
8
719
5645
2805
580
30
6595
57550
11482
1565
10034
19
2264
2820
3323
1741
3826
6708
1468
139664
1036
4702
3266
949
219
965
5530
4100
276
675
50
68
5945
60460
14398
2192
9929
78
3452
2584
3870
1825
257
4503
6770
1565
115011
1612
3444
2168
650
73
755
4019
3836
62
46
3874
49491
19052
1171
6983
36
1666
219
1748
2122
1426
137
4140
5333
948
8840
2121
1186
218
232
1348
521
951
69
2194
23138
7958
2772
769
2080
1646
1564
1829
192
1041
3287
30609
8867
3155
1009
5179
50
3915
1068
2621
860
963
2922
41063
11064
5451
1672
9831
127
2455
947
1517
317
1366
6316
37791
10695
7713
1211
10795
56
505
1825
1869
265
1051
1806
46195
9288
8937
1392
17081
194
146
881
2513
3500
437
1826
57181
10870
9270
1951
20334
273
543
2789
2704
3563
496
4388
58504
10869
7595
1736
25876
281
1998
2664
1992
2198
682
2613
66181
11842
2736
835
26148
146
368
1687
1313
19296
687
1123
7951
5841
9284
693
3435
9455
10652
12566
7333

(2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China.
OECD TOTAL
11. Steam coal exports by destination*
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
49931
105530
113416
128950
146889
163968
170808
179206
183901
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
40497
275
2660
8782
274
4620
4095
6755
4157
1
540
1552
1732
356
52
1285
167
15
237
21
244
90
79
1081
1427
82613
2
1001
2856
8508
1378
8297
3669
3461
5228
1278
28
1622
5070
18173
7942
107
44
6539
429
805
79
1630
1896
295
275
1846
155
93807
2
1216
3778
10083
2282
5857
2815
3859
5451
33
2248
5051
30637
4352
3
188
9559
1
401
1
1572
198
762
1040
81
15
2097
225
105848
12
1050
3480
4541
1874
6195
3089
2049
7364
1
374
20
1636
4122
40735
13462
50
5194
336
304
1977
404
2350
861
11
216
3901
240
123180
1643
1467
13524
864
2594
1228
3413
16478
112
322
7
1208
1430
51874
13730
164
373
3556
16
677
117
348
1217
2327
255
20
110
3866
240
137340
2204
845
13951
946
1371
927
3644
16842
133
330
88
509
155
60978
21157
30
4918
1506
82
417
126
411
667
1464
366
17
2866
390
136938
2330
772
13418
1377
1053
450
3438
18312
172
254
91
869
941
60912
16041
96
5218
3944
85
387
291
486
578
1189
404
2
1
3567
260
148408
1930
1503
17558
937
778
340
3977
12857
142
216
59
1458
1864
69501
20465
81
1340
4278
80
358
591
646
556
1663
489
250
34
4270
187
140428
24
1977
803
7454
829
676
281
3376
8997
152
144
51
556
1451
64967
33909
119
2928
4818
238
786
1066
541
250
78
77
177
3611
92
384
11
76
32
82
129
54
14542
91
6336
93
998
253
212
2695
2229
1635
14604
345
6866
1
48
1058
49
1057
642
2554
1621
363
22207
190
7953
1
1
1257
381
1099
1230
3420
1672
5003
23121
22
10034
2
2469
2623
828
1438
1440
3303
962
26318
231
13208
17
1567
321
931
192
1206
4077
4357
211
33867
206
16235
16
746
679
1151
2487
1464
3241
7489
153
30611
443
18559
22
733
177
73
1737
1421
1901
5157
388
38182
6
20302
20
828
672
2
645
816
10121
1755
3015
9050
8375
5005
895
588
310
187
5291
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD TOTAL
12. Coal import values by origin*
(average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
62.27
56.28
42.45
67.40
97.98
106.49
103.59
189.64
185.24
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
57.64
70.37
67.03
63.98
64.21
54.50
60.89
50.58
57.45
52.80
62.94
82.00
59.26
61.25
49.58
50.11
49.57
54.95
40.80
45.22
..
50.43
53.13
38.32
36.28
39.35
43.26
61.26
66.39
98.50
108.71
107.28
82.31
85.79
61.31
73.25
102.47
109.56
242.07
138.92
119.94
109.89
104.26
71.77
104.12
115.04
129.34
112.10
118.82
125.05
98.79
88.44
66.18
101.81
105.28
116.78
133.32
139.47
126.15
110.31
92.53
96.82
98.26
210.52
219.98
235.16
245.85
191.98
263.49
169.10
141.18
211.14
196.19
200.14
160.08
137.24
165.35
174.92
87.36
81.99
139.44
Steam coal(3)
51.81
47.14
33.65
55.34
64.85
63.38
72.84
120.59
97.32
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
52.17
43.38
65.54
61.05
54.63
48.34
50.88
45.38
45.48
48.23
40.99
63.84
46.78
49.60
44.63
41.58
44.19
42.87
34.76
33.74
40.98
35.30
40.96
30.62
32.77
33.80
32.14
51.71
54.90
83.24
68.95
60.50
53.48
52.34
58.03
63.56
64.06
79.68
113.59
78.34
82.18
62.75
59.93
67.68
67.35
65.13
60.96
102.69
75.65
77.37
60.32
58.42
66.20
66.20
71.55
69.76
112.36
94.13
96.56
71.23
65.05
80.13
77.44
122.94
108.23
158.65
156.01
137.60
117.72
97.31
140.79
129.23
107.68
90.69
140.77
114.47
106.15
111.20
85.15
95.58
92.11
Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs.
(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade.
(2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992.
(3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade.
OECD NORTH AMERICA*


4500
140
4000
120
3500
100
3000
80
2500
2000
60
1500
40
1000
20
500
0
Coal
1000
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
900
800
800
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
6000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
900
700
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

8000
Industry
2008
Other use
7000
5000
6000
4000
5000
4000
3000
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
OECD NORTH AMERICA

TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
2774.08
468.78
1327.64
803.26
73.60
39.01
58.51
3.21
0.07
-
2989.13
571.18
1357.00
773.52
98.59
113.96
67.18
7.70
0.01
-
3207.06
697.06
1305.17
737.26
111.25
256.50
72.90
26.44
0.46
0.03
-
3813.66
817.33
1497.82
930.57
132.66
327.15
79.22
25.94
3.07
-0.10
-
3978.48
843.30
1574.87
957.70
144.29
350.16
79.56
21.64
7.04
-0.11
-
3901.57
827.94
1502.47
955.56
150.18
350.54
83.34
21.64
9.97
-0.08
-
3712.77
737.20
1411.26
957.85
144.89
346.62
82.07
21.19
11.97
-0.29
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.86
2.36
-0.10
-0.50
2.46
11.71
1.30
13.21
-4.35
-
1.09
0.96
0.79
1.45
1.68
1.75
0.75
-1.11
18.61
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
4892
0.57
287.7
9.64
167.4
132.0
106.6
2273
..
1980
5932
0.50
317.9
9.40
148.8
132.6
109.3
2868
..
1990
8060
0.40
359.1
8.93
117.5
119.1
106.3
3801
..
2000
11260
0.34
411.4
9.27
100.0
100.0
100.0
4828
..
2007
13319
0.30
440.3
9.03
88.2
87.2
92.3
5229
..
2008
13382
0.29
444.4
8.78
86.1
85.2
92.1
5254
..
2009e
13163
0.28
448.5
8.28
83.3
77.2
..
5037
..
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.98
2.86
-2.06
-1.71
1.31
1.19
-0.45
-0.09
-2.06
-1.71
-0.60
-1.84
-0.02
-0.80
3.07
1.82
-
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
109.25
421.01
23.37
-
135.46
505.67
30.53
-
125.74
653.50
54.51
-
81.69
685.17
56.96
-
71.43
744.08
54.17
-
80.96
749.82
52.72
-
65.89
686.87
51.30
-
1.18
3.73
7.31
-
-2.42
0.77
-0.19
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
109.07
487.96
44.51
-
134.96
598.48
59.30
-
123.88
774.37
110.57
-
84.67
854.46
112.98
-
77.49
949.53
107.84
-
87.60
963.94
103.57
-
71.33
885.89
100.73
-
1.07
3.92
7.88
-
-1.91
1.22
-0.36
-

OECD NORTH AMERICA

(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
2123.35
114.77
1130.47
569.00
73.21
235.76
0.14
2188.96
88.71
1155.45
552.10
98.10
293.12
1.47
2193.51
86.14
1147.56
514.93
53.19
0.48
387.23
3.98
2619.62
53.52
1338.24
608.74
98.53
0.74
2.12
509.02
8.70
2672.48
53.25
1429.81
524.19
108.77
1.32
1.96
541.84
11.33
2715.34
53.46
1421.56
556.94
112.47
1.48
2.05
555.95
11.43
2657.02
52.02
1353.66
561.54
118.11
1.66
2.15
556.84
11.03
0.19
-1.67
0.09
-0.59
-1.86
2.96
21.94
1.07
-2.76
0.92
0.48
4.53
7.15
2.04
5.83
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
647.75
94.60
128.24
279.33
50.87
94.57
0.14
656.67
77.07
153.01
254.55
58.55
112.05
1.43
509.97
71.80
83.55
196.51
23.55
133.65
0.90
591.99
49.93
56.13
237.24
63.91
0.16
177.51
7.11
547.38
50.49
70.01
202.04
64.30
0.16
151.26
9.13
548.86
49.40
64.63
211.94
61.63
0.17
151.94
9.14
541.88
48.19
67.36
208.18
58.52
0.18
150.63
8.82
-1.40
-1.61
-2.49
-2.05
-4.43
2.06
11.73
0.34
-2.19
-1.19
0.32
5.19
0.67
13.52
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
657.53
0.18
632.33
24.06
703.41
679.29
23.41
798.88
771.72
26.15
966.48
932.02
28.49
1039.72
995.64
26.11
1051.49
1000.91
27.47
1014.28
956.19
27.08
1.15
1.18
0.49
1.34
1.20
0.20
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.97
387.91
4.77
123.97
170.85
0.71
364.33
2.35
80.88
170.95
1.01
362.07
2.19
53.71
163.89
4.74
1.23
445.91
1.95
61.13
186.58
16.36
1.61
430.39
0.06
47.74
165.45
21.46
1.65
453.06
0.04
48.96
179.57
29.41
1.60
454.24
0.05
45.51
184.28
0.24
-0.40
-4.47
-4.80
-0.24
2.59
1.27
-19.37
-0.92
0.65
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
9.70
78.61
237.59
4.87
79.66
94.03
10.35
99.80
232.58
2.63
54.63
96.74
10.30
131.98
0.00
260.67
3.45
37.03
99.39
25.97
0.31
2.06
167.92
319.90
1.27
34.52
120.22
24.60
0.66
1.83
190.04
0.00
329.79
2.19
35.37
107.79
25.85
0.79
1.89
195.95
0.00
342.05
2.43
34.72
114.40
26.38
0.95
1.96
195.11
347.88
2.51
34.73
118.58
0.35
3.09
0.55
-2.01
-4.41
0.33
5.36
2.20
1.62
-1.76
-0.36
0.99
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
59.03
140.54
139.81
0.73
78.54
0.04
169.40
0.18
163.15
6.06
117.71
3.08
204.49
0.50
175.71
28.28
1.77
0.27
0.06
160.17
1.59
262.96
0.38
227.22
35.37
3.09
0.50
0.13
178.51
2.21
271.85
0.49
249.20
22.16
3.01
0.52
0.15
184.52
2.29
266.59
1.52
242.21
22.87
3.30
0.53
0.19
185.82
2.22
244.67
1.27
220.68
22.71
4.14
2.23
1.35
24.03
2.57
-1.81
1.00
5.35
1.27
-1.21
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
OECD NORTH AMERICA

5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
495.1
16.4
-55.2
12.5
671.7
17.9
-98.0
-20.4
833.8
17.0
-127.8
-25.9
823.8
38.2
-82.3
37.5
869.7
50.8
-75.9
-1.3
883.5
50.5
-96.8
-9.3
804.1
32.9
-74.5
-25.2
3.1
0.2
5.1
x
0.3
6.2
-1.5
x
Primary supply
468.8
571.2
697.1
817.3
843.3
827.9
737.2
2.4
1.0
18.6
-11.1
10.8
22.9
-12.0
-8.3
..
-363.9
-467.7
-619.8
-784.5
-774.7
-764.6
..
3.2
1.2

-321.8
-321.8
-
-438.7
-438.7
-0.0
-598.3
-592.1
-6.2
-763.1
-745.5
-17.6
-764.0
-758.5
-5.5
-748.1
-742.7
-5.4
..
..
..
3.7
3.7
-
1.2
1.3
-0.8
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.1
-2.6
-2.7
-2.5
-2.7
..
26.0
0.1
-42.1
-27.7
-14.3
-
-29.0
-18.4
-10.6
-
-18.8
-12.9
-5.8
-
-18.8
-13.1
-5.7
-
-8.2
-9.8
-4.2
5.8
-13.8
-9.5
-4.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
-4.6
-4.4
-5.1
-
-1.7
-1.7
-1.8
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-8.7
-3.6
-2.0
-2.2
-3.1
-3.0
..
-8.4
2.4
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
..
114.8
88.7
86.1
53.5
53.5
52.0
..
-1.7
-2.8
94.6
54.0
11.9
5.9
7.1
77.1
36.0
11.2
10.3
7.4
71.8
22.3
12.5
11.7
10.5
49.9
15.5
9.6
12.5
3.7
49.4
11.7
7.4
11.0
6.5
48.2
12.0
7.2
10.1
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
-1.6
-5.1
0.3
4.2
2.3
-2.2
-3.4
-3.0
-0.9
-2.5
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
0.2
..
20.0
4.9
4.8
11.5
2.6
2.4
13.8
3.5
2.2
3.2
1.3
1.9
2.5
2.4
0.0
2.6
2.5
0.0
..
..
..
-2.1
-2.0
-4.5
-9.0
-1.8
-19.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
1.5
1.3
..
5.3
OECD NORTH AMERICA

(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
496.24
418.38
418.37
0.01
46.04
3.73
10.34
11.88
7.82
12.27
8.58
-
719.49
653.18
646.88
6.29
0.17
53.40
1.71
14.26
12.65
11.37
13.42
6.03
0.26
895.56
860.85
845.37
15.48
1.79
2.39
37.62
1.46
10.51
13.26
4.10
8.29
3.70
0.33
965.73
790.98
784.47
6.51
119.79
1.77
1.20
37.74
0.32
7.23
12.74
6.84
10.60
3.60
0.53
953.68
808.00
803.15
4.85
94.20
1.66
1.35
39.21
0.47
7.50
13.08
7.25
10.91
2.64
0.44
959.13
786.91
782.29
4.62
127.67
1.49
1.48
38.16
0.48
7.38
12.04
7.04
11.24
2.77
1.72
951.36
902.29
897.34
4.94
1.57
1.83
39.55
0.65
7.96
11.02
7.47
12.45
2.85
1.42
3.14
3.78
3.70
66.36
1.24
-6.32
2.71
0.53
3.17
0.75
-2.90
-
1.56
1.81
1.83
-1.33
13.96
-1.65
-5.19
-3.19
-0.76
-2.31
-0.42
-4.09
9.92
79.71
75.71
-
43.20
43.16
-
31.36
31.13
-
25.86
2.81
23.41
-
26.29
2.26
23.73
-
26.32
2.37
23.56
-
25.95
25.25
-
-4.98
-4.58
-
-2.79
-2.93
-
43.94
41.10
41.10
2.47
0.17
2.31
0.34
-
109.28
101.99
100.89
1.10
5.64
1.41
0.23
0.00
0.10
1.08
0.17
0.09
114.73
110.09
108.85
1.25
0.00
5.67
1.59
0.24
0.00
0.10
1.25
0.12
0.14
115.90
109.76
107.70
2.06
0.00
5.39
0.39
0.24
0.01
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.16
112.49
103.89
101.88
2.01
0.00
5.59
0.39
0.24
0.01
0.06
0.09
0.06
0.16
116.22
110.18
110.18
0.00
5.33
0.32
0.26
0.01
0.05
0.19
-
113.49
108.79
108.79
0.00
5.30
0.28
0.24
0.04
0.14
-
7.89
7.87
7.77
-4.57
-4.60
-6.12
-5.64
-
0.21
0.36
0.42
-0.34
-8.67
0.05
-16.73
-0.93
-

OECD NORTH AMERICA

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
16.37
14.97
..
..
1.40
17.85
16.93
7.02
9.91
0.93
17.00
15.89
4.45
11.44
1.11
38.23
30.90
5.75
25.15
2.80
4.54
50.71
43.03
5.63
37.40
4.09
3.59
56.93
49.04
5.59
43.46
3.04
4.86
50.79
42.71
4.67
38.04
4.93
3.15
50.53
39.91
4.70
35.22
5.80
4.82
32.87
29.18
3.05
26.14
2.79
0.90
55.24
53.62
..
..
0.00
1.62
97.96
96.02
71.71
24.31
0.03
1.91
127.76
127.03
85.76
41.27
0.04
0.69
82.27
80.94
54.83
26.11
0.03
1.30
66.17
64.29
47.14
17.15
0.17
1.71
66.20
64.43
44.87
19.57
0.22
1.54
75.86
74.04
50.12
23.93
0.36
1.46
96.78
93.88
58.93
34.95
1.03
1.86
74.49
72.76
49.97
22.78
0.36
1.38
OECD NORTH AMERICA

(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
17499
16940
16846
17086
32493
56181
48723
46267
34624
6024
5924
-
6778
195
6491
-
4719
122
4497
-
4129
4129
-
5843
1511
4296
-
5786
72
1461
4133
-
4837
1469
3322
46
4866
1580
3286
-
3155
962
2193
-
100
92
100
36
-
7
113
11475
933
49
645
8796
-
10162
35
367
8391
6
12127
22
883
5
9639
-
12957
192
2015
5095
39
26650
1226
693
14787
6
50395
6529
799
1
8906
236
43886
4684
488
1
5647
32
41401
785
464
5
7231
1
31469
3759
256
200
5481
-
996
56
539
824
-
1296
277
5
2994
924
1675
23
174
6928
651
61
92
1960
72
57
25303
2855
256
1152
4252
28
21
48
25387
3323
401
98
3731
46
41
26113
3193
1127
226
54
2161
-
9
18101
1954
286
157
59
1207
-

OECD NORTH AMERICA

(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
40450
77198
84425
75819
58166
50149
55872
65242
55207
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
36030
1103
5410
1468
560
3069
19925
1173
929
68
265
838
453
409
360
-
65617
3443
6360
3823
709
7
13
54
5734
29639
3950
498
2975
98
244
2460
1310
1716
2474
110
67287
5538
3988
50
127
4880
708
28
6536
26588
2908
3
3975
99
753
3156
866
1957
4355
772
61410
3807
4039
715
3233
433
36
5054
22688
6615
517
4068
83
188
2313
1161
1895
3831
734
45136
2717
3501
288
2782
1211
65
48
4467
12937
4947
740
2143
42
198
2331
642
2403
3134
540
38266
30
1596
4134
795
1652
2607
70
19
4153
7523
4573
612
2297
54
1397
426
2186
2681
1461
41635
125
1424
3299
435
2176
2789
30
4202
8430
5228
546
2895
10
401
915
1563
483
2263
2953
1468
47933
294
1650
3266
210
661
2451
2482
126
174
50
68
3690
9864
6042
1335
3670
78
1552
876
1406
523
257
2658
2985
1565
37261
280
1829
2168
25
73
389
2058
2033
31
46
2372
7274
6003
693
3488
31
889
219
161
1432
434
127
2126
2132
948
4420
1942
205
218
200
673
1
914
24
243
11581
6139
782
457
38
1051
872
869
353
1020
11934
6327
357
586
50
1559
614
872
300
229
1040
14025
6826
1600
1165
127
1528
350
667
548
1214
9805
5564
1440
682
22
56
443
269
496
833
11272
5519
1220
869
959
75
382
739
211
54
1244
14237
7262
1234
1453
800
209
500
652
140
100
1887
17309
6886
1203
1370
1439
1588
648
935
478
181
2581
17132
7649
77
693
1869
294
440
701
4508
160
741
5204
384
3225
611
814
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD NORTH AMERICA

(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
10808
34228
42493
38503
26926
22703
27917
39959
26499
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
10341
27
8782
309
38
528
22
243
356
27
5
4
30080
1
712
8508
2286
1208
978
595
1138
7
335
3633
2847
2489
44
2793
143
626
786
230
8
275
283
155
35375
1
2178
10083
3321
1758
384
15
1322
4451
4007
719
188
3982
1
62
1386
282
21
15
1005
194
34116
950
4541
1905
530
621
1648
829
3449
6179
3800
3015
25
1562
2111
8
191
2705
47
25401
429
13524
70
564
522
456
79
4425
2275
373
643
74
343
441
55
1016
112
20592
363
13909
348
360
195
569
1379
918
156
593
267
250
1052
233
23497
75
483
13386
72
176
584
1009
74
135
2099
980
148
2278
258
1
1578
161
35879
1144
17555
139
185
1263
1256
66
440
287
2542
1913
522
3279
109
391
990
144
149
34
3352
119
23549
24
602
7447
218
71
1111
729
152
217
2390
3767
752
2682
801
149
1
2344
92
95
11
1
82
1
-
4148
78
2575
421
176
110
506
2
280
5891
177
3820
530
682
522
108
5
47
4385
153
2033
1
562
271
1099
207
59
971
22
825
49
9
66
1814
176
3
71
927
190
367
5
1
74
4420
95
2
1
172
1069
2212
789
12
68
3953
409
72
73
1715
961
421
302
2816
6
1
630
816
962
256
145
372
1227
554
297
127
134
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD/IEA PACIFIC*
250
1400
1200
200
1000
150
800
600
100
400
50
200
0
0
Coal
400
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
350
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
400
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2500
Industry
2008
Other use
1800
1600
2000
1400
1500
1200
1000
1000
800
600
500
400
200
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
OECD/IEA PACIFIC
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
581.41
128.34
418.56
12.48
5.04
3.61
11.52
1.86
-
663.32
144.83
420.59
42.36
5.90
32.04
15.01
2.56
0.03
-
901.89
197.55
478.38
93.67
14.61
94.99
16.34
4.51
1.80
0.05
1184.86
265.01
563.02
152.83
18.75
160.46
16.22
7.09
1.42
0.05
1255.17
327.70
523.84
205.19
23.53
151.44
14.20
7.15
2.06
0.07
1242.62
337.04
499.25
206.69
23.61
152.30
13.95
7.35
2.32
0.10
1216.68
319.26
485.97
204.70
22.64
159.16
14.07
8.17
2.60
0.10
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.62
2.57
0.79
12.59
6.46
21.20
2.08
5.35
-
1.80
3.01
0.24
4.50
2.71
2.66
-0.88
2.75
1.44
3.45

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
2507
0.23
159.6
3.64
110.6
109.2
79.1
563
..
1980
3172
0.21
173.1
3.83
99.8
97.4
81.2
728
..
1990
4739
0.19
187.1
4.82
90.8
88.9
84.4
1127
..
2000
5653
0.21
197.1
6.01
100.0
100.0
100.0
1587
..
2007
6509
0.19
201.6
6.22
92.0
107.4
101.2
1846
..
2008
6500
0.19
202.1
6.15
91.2
110.6
99.7
1820
..
2009e
6276
0.19
201.9
6.03
92.5
108.5
..
1772
..
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.82
1.77
-1.16
0.03
0.94
0.43
1.66
1.36
-1.16
0.03
-1.20
1.22
0.38
0.93
4.17
2.70
-
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
44.87
42.82
9.73
-
45.94
46.11
11.01
-
63.05
93.02
14.69
-
102.61
119.53
21.05
-
140.71
169.09
20.97
-
138.62
175.46
23.11
-
128.91
193.38
20.45
-
2.87
6.68
3.49
-
4.47
3.59
2.55
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
46.34
60.93
30.66
-
47.20
62.99
33.13
-
65.21
120.98
46.15
-
105.39
144.79
67.51
-
144.57
187.46
65.87
-
142.47
190.33
72.65
-
132.50
209.56
64.26
-
2.89
5.88
3.47
-
4.44
2.55
2.55
-

OECD/IEA PACIFIC
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
424.17
46.37
298.16
13.62
4.99
60.98
0.04
452.67
51.59
294.04
22.03
5.63
0.03
79.21
0.15
615.49
70.39
372.28
37.18
10.08
0.50
1.80
122.98
0.29
791.23
57.36
470.51
69.32
12.82
0.64
1.33
173.79
5.47
821.09
63.26
450.22
88.99
13.71
0.63
0.91
196.24
7.12
824.15
64.31
442.25
91.74
14.38
0.64
0.98
202.43
7.41
793.54
61.46
417.35
91.83
14.40
0.64
1.00
199.28
7.56
2.21
2.48
1.31
6.08
4.22
4.21
12.32
1.42
-0.75
0.64
5.15
2.00
1.40
-3.20
2.72
19.97
183.62
34.18
101.61
5.27
2.13
40.43
-
173.62
38.14
74.98
9.33
3.17
48.00
-
206.48
55.58
72.47
14.25
6.68
0.31
57.19
-
234.95
54.83
70.97
22.36
9.47
0.19
74.10
3.04
240.62
59.92
57.88
29.29
10.67
0.20
0.00
78.58
4.08
240.93
60.60
53.82
29.88
11.15
0.20
0.00
81.00
4.28
229.24
57.60
49.43
30.36
11.10
0.20
0.00
76.26
4.28
0.69
2.90
-1.97
6.02
6.95
2.06
-
0.58
0.20
-2.10
4.29
2.87
-2.50
1.61
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
83.03
0.33
80.97
-
111.24
0.01
109.19
0.01
157.68
0.10
155.07
0.10
205.73
0.13
202.29
0.44
206.31
0.13
201.85
1.19
205.55
0.14
200.75
1.39
198.88
0.15
193.76
1.60
3.84
-6.65
3.90
-
1.30
1.98
1.25
16.96
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.73
47.24
11.54
13.84
5.87
2.03
60.07
12.92
15.69
9.54
2.42
85.06
12.51
22.55
14.04
2.87
105.80
0.85
29.80
25.56
0.14
3.00
111.69
1.60
26.24
29.33
0.26
3.01
112.41
1.45
25.33
29.35
0.38
3.00
110.86
1.52
23.87
29.06
2.00
3.52
0.47
2.91
5.26
1.20
1.48
-11.05
0.32
4.13
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.86
13.13
32.48
0.27
24.66
2.14
2.43
0.03
19.46
37.14
0.52
24.45
2.68
3.32
0.08
1.73
30.80
0.04
84.28
1.58
43.46
6.97
3.10
0.00
1.29
43.62
1.57
121.78
1.04
50.51
17.15
2.40
0.00
0.87
49.25
2.00
134.22
0.97
40.71
26.98
2.45
0.00
0.95
50.85
2.03
133.15
0.96
35.59
28.89
2.38
0.00
0.96
50.92
2.14
130.91
0.95
32.40
28.37
0.90
5.14
5.77
10.92
3.39
7.21
-1.84
-15.64
-3.20
2.83
24.13
2.48
-2.78
-1.62
8.11
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
5.38
0.04
58.27
58.02
0.26
0.03
9.32
0.15
49.41
48.96
0.45
0.08
0.06
0.07
31.82
0.24
65.81
0.57
63.42
1.82
0.24
0.31
0.04
51.63
0.87
104.84
0.50
100.57
3.78
0.49
0.31
0.04
63.68
1.04
112.35
0.57
109.67
2.11
0.51
0.31
0.04
65.75
1.10
116.61
1.11
113.33
2.17
0.54
0.32
0.04
67.15
1.14
109.34
1.19
105.78
2.37
11.02
11.22
0.72
0.53
12.23
11.55
9.28
-3.23
4.24
9.01
2.86
4.16
2.88
1.46
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
OECD/IEA PACIFIC
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
94.4
59.6
-26.0
0.3
103.1
74.9
-41.9
8.7
170.8
127.4
-98.3
-2.2
243.2
193.9
-177.7
5.6
330.8
245.8
-238.9
-9.9
337.2
252.4
-250.1
-2.5
342.7
236.4
-259.1
-0.8
3.5
4.6
8.1
x
3.9
3.9
5.3
x
Primary supply
128.3
144.8
197.6
265.0
327.7
337.0
319.3
2.6
3.0
-2.5
-2.3
3.7
-0.8
-1.2
-10.6
..
-75.5
-86.2
-124.8
-200.2
-254.5
-257.2
..
3.0
4.1

-37.8
-37.8
-0.1
-45.2
-40.9
-4.3
-86.4
-75.3
-11.1
-163.4
-147.1
-16.3
-218.1
-199.6
-18.5
-221.4
-202.9
-18.5
..
..
..
5.0
4.1
36.1
5.4
5.7
2.9
Autoproducers
Gas works
-3.1
-1.8
-0.6
-0.3
..
-9.3
-34.7
-0.2
-27.1
-5.8
-1.5
-39.1
-0.2
-23.8
-14.5
-0.6
-37.9
-0.0
-31.0
-2.0
-4.8
-36.4
-0.0
-35.0
-1.2
-0.2
-36.4
-0.1
-35.7
-0.7
0.1
-35.8
-0.1
-34.0
-1.8
-
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
-8.3
0.8
-6.2
6.9
-0.3
5.5
0.5
-0.6
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-3.9
-4.7
-6.0
-6.7
-7.6
-7.8
..
2.6
1.5
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
46.4
51.6
70.4
57.4
64.3
61.5
..
2.5
-0.8
34.2
26.9
0.4
0.9
0.3
38.1
27.3
0.7
5.9
0.5
55.6
20.7
4.2
11.9
1.9
54.8
20.7
4.3
12.1
2.3
60.6
24.9
5.2
11.4
2.4
57.6
24.5
4.8
11.5
2.4
..
..
..
..
..
2.9
-1.5
15.0
16.4
10.8
0.2
1.0
0.8
-0.2
1.3
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
..
-6.7
2.0
11.9
0.3
11.5
13.4
0.5
12.9
14.1
1.6
12.5
1.9
1.0
0.8
2.5
1.0
1.5
2.5
1.0
1.5
..
..
..
1.0
10.9
0.5
-9.1
-2.8
-11.1
0.6
0.5
1.1
1.2
..
4.2
OECD/IEA PACIFIC
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
57.24
30.57
30.21
0.36
18.64
0.13
0.19
7.37
1.46
0.34
1.88
0.35
3.34
1.49
-
128.22
77.34
72.22
5.12
20.81
5.89
25.57
2.05
2.63
12.63
2.25
6.02
0.97
0.02
201.05
152.99
144.86
8.12
1.22
11.46
31.36
2.69
3.92
13.30
2.64
8.81
1.09
-
248.29
204.16
192.89
11.27
2.01
12.41
0.83
28.97
4.79
4.11
12.37
2.90
4.80
1.02
-
252.80
204.68
193.48
11.20
2.33
12.39
0.79
29.26
4.75
4.42
12.27
2.86
4.96
1.01
-
267.25
216.01
204.30
11.71
2.09
13.34
0.81
30.66
5.41
4.54
12.49
2.93
5.28
1.01
-
275.17
220.88
208.97
11.91
2.29
11.28
0.83
30.30
4.90
4.26
12.64
2.92
5.58
1.00
-
6.95
8.04
7.53
24.76
0.92
37.67
10.93
2.86
18.50
17.23
16.65
5.04
-3.50
-
4.33
6.00
6.08
4.81
-11.54
3.68
0.95
4.97
2.72
0.01
1.47
-0.43
0.17
-
67.95
64.35
4.45
0.12
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.01
-
82.82
77.00
5.25
0.16
0.16
0.02
-
81.30
67.15
13.97
-
82.77
68.56
15.92
-
83.08
68.02
16.27
0.25
0.25
-
85.30
67.19
17.71
0.17
0.17
-
85.77
67.45
16.37
0.33
0.33
-
1.66
1.51
2.66
11.30
13.14
-
0.19
-0.73
6.52
4.21
-
30.64
27.32
26.32
0.99
2.85
0.42
0.03
0.00
0.30
0.10
0.05
-
46.20
44.15
43.07
1.08
1.78
0.20
0.03
0.00
0.17
0.08
-
67.55
66.35
65.25
1.10
0.96
0.18
0.18
0.08
-
67.43
66.31
66.29
0.01
0.90
0.22
0.00
0.22
0.06
-
68.02
67.10
67.09
0.01
0.69
0.22
0.00
0.22
0.06
-
65.87
61.69
61.67
0.02
0.65
0.23
0.00
0.23
0.05
-
72.66
61.79
61.77
0.02
0.61
0.27
0.00
0.27
0.05
-
3.48
4.08
4.19
0.72
-3.84
-6.07
-1.23
-3.32
5.12
3.49
-
2.55
1.88
2.02
-20.11
-5.78
1.76
2.55
-2.58
-

OECD/IEA PACIFIC
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
59.64
59.61
..
..
0.04
74.95
74.83
69.12
5.71
0.12
127.36
126.84
79.51
47.34
0.51
193.93
191.34
73.02
118.31
2.60
227.06
223.98
73.71
150.28
3.08
233.33
231.00
74.29
156.71
2.33
245.79
243.02
77.60
165.42
0.00
2.77
252.40
250.28
78.31
171.97
0.00
2.12
236.44
235.77
70.04
165.73
0.67
26.00
25.38
..
..
0.61
41.86
39.73
32.25
7.47
2.13
98.33
95.87
55.90
39.96
2.46
177.73
175.05
98.03
77.02
2.68
230.58
228.90
122.89
106.01
1.68
231.72
229.74
118.82
110.93
1.97
238.91
237.52
129.64
107.89
1.39
250.07
249.12
135.72
113.40
0.95
259.12
258.18
123.83
134.35
0.94
OECD/IEA PACIFIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
55041
110580
130654
173185
214064
260043
276018
284382
268467
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
52885
25299
11304
398
429
10406
11
77367
33741
19321
14729
401
76229
39565
13316
10275
225
76950
39880
13007
7541
298
76656
45398
9389
2841
367
77753
46606
6995
200
329
80745
50896
8637
253
138
81476
50862
8313
1716
201
72878
40329
9348
2380
296
420
2360
2244
14
1211
103
5086
2775
-
2802
153
668
3055
6150
20
5327
52
4629
3437
2741
38
9555
5886
603
2498
27
92
8903
9
10622
25
4038
26
5810
9
10659
134
4203
6
5631
10
11027
48
3589
79
1814
24
16500
2143
31
13
2156
668
105
1
-
33213
19238
2249
1980
14
54425
24852
8170
5751
138
96235
43431
11604
1
7780
319
137408
67166
9944
2396
637
182290
88179
6632
698
663
195273
92844
8684
73
298
202906
100648
8319
1282
426
195589
112286
6015
324
1
513
157
149
563
2427
306
5508
1020
157
314
3504
94
806
7057
3402
150
501
13065
56
8323
6493
3189
1496
478
32680
14185
3448
5497
1012
443
29304
18
43227
51
10429
2886
203
27690
19
48616
584
13393
3025
47
24872
21
50139
710
13513
2745
231
14743
43722
1316
12544
3523
1115

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

OECD/IEA PACIFIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
31085
49698
58086
75625
100690
122032
133178
139485
127277
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
29156
374
1173
191
1319
22651
1330
10
992
593
469
54
42003
16
2106
2055
29559
3064
1380
1186
516
2121
-
44087
1054
30
1917
25
1181
28822
4944
725
694
702
912
3081
-
54513
123
1524
2310
204
2752
31291
9039
703
129
896
535
1608
3360
39
74135
122
1833
3739
2619
2914
39861
10358
666
2279
1767
992
46
1451
5488
-
78994
1994
377
3329
1843
2260
45165
7704
1513
7009
1570
1170
1098
3925
37
79781
1923
284
3444
2287
49120
6254
1019
7139
1735
1258
1563
3755
-
85757
2927
304
3056
1618
150
2255
50596
8356
857
6242
2464
1302
1845
3785
-
72067
1572
366
1487
1376
1502
42217
13049
478
3495
620
992
1712
3201
-
1929
164
981
32
675
32
45
-
7695
958
1990
312
2042
595
688
99
192
688
131
13999
1291
2798
323
4895
2256
454
500
560
734
188
20881
3448
3851
459
9831
710
597
850
317
818
-
26345
4988
6273
10773
1554
1371
265
1051
70
34194
3699
7717
225
16122
194
71
499
1774
3289
383
221
42745
3608
8036
498
19534
273
334
2289
2052
3423
396
2302
41163
3983
6392
366
24437
281
410
2016
1057
1720
501
-
48797
4193
2659
142
24279
146
74
1234
612
14788
527
143
231
210
8844
10652
12565
6413
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD/IEA PACIFIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
5533
39339
45647
62413
87804
111986
112428
115268
136575
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
4809
150
682
458
1489
320
932
778
28917
771
2557
508
591
125
226
15326
5453
2464
455
441
-
37656
129
1149
934
125
133
26569
3633
4236
205
155
29
328
31
49573
1116
1076
276
61
121
366
34556
9662
1562
264
110
44
25
142
192
66577
428
142
434
72
110
284
428
47449
11455
2550
16
1445
83
55
1499
127
87658
278
741
59599
20239
4762
301
82
1069
69
425
93
83378
54
160
1202
129
254
58813
15061
5069
797
85
986
101
600
67
88785
41
684
527
66959
18552
818
187
80
545
253
71
68
96356
151
62577
30142
2176
934
376
-
204
76
128
-
8758
3761
93
577
99
2189
2039
-
7991
158
3046
47
528
33
120
2443
1616
-
12840
5920
695
110
1023
3420
1672
-
21227
10034
2469
2623
1373
1429
3299
-
24328
55
13205
1495
320
826
4072
4355
-
29050
111
16233
744
507
82
671
3229
7473
-
26483
29
18559
661
177
420
1480
5157
-
35248
20302
827
672
9158
1499
2790
520
1664
4971
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD EUROPE*

3000
120
2500
100
2000
80
1500
60
1000
40
20
500
0
Coal
800
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
4000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
800
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

4500
Industry
2008
Other use
4000
3500
3500
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
OECD EUROPE
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1964.97
607.66
1046.31
192.59
44.27
27.69
42.06
3.62
0.07
0.71
-
2134.63
662.59
983.46
294.46
50.97
85.79
51.07
4.30
0.07
1.92
-
2289.75
630.88
859.08
368.55
75.37
291.38
54.47
6.74
0.41
2.85
0.03
2478.42
466.45
924.71
559.35
98.24
348.01
66.47
10.34
3.82
0.49
0.54
2609.39
479.44
905.14
640.45
147.59
344.66
61.11
14.47
15.39
0.49
0.65
2602.15
446.58
905.99
653.44
154.00
343.34
63.95
14.77
17.87
1.44
0.77
2458.43
398.92
848.34
623.61
160.80
326.32
61.97
15.71
20.21
1.79
0.75
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.90
0.22
-1.15
3.89
3.18
14.85
1.53
3.73
11.14
8.55
-
0.71
-1.90
0.30
3.23
4.05
0.92
0.90
4.45
23.27
-3.71
20.30

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
4812
0.41
455.0
4.32
149.4
245.4
93.8
1618
60.8
1980
5682
0.38
473.8
4.51
137.4
226.7
101.2
2049
68.2
1990
7223
0.32
496.5
4.61
116.0
169.7
103.1
2632
82.9
2000
9065
0.27
518.3
4.78
100.0
100.0
100.0
3200
100.0
2007
10543
0.25
539.9
4.83
90.5
88.4
97.8
3582
114.9
2008
10622
0.24
543.3
4.79
89.6
81.7
97.8
3602
113.1
2009e
10330
0.24
545.4
4.51
87.0
75.1
..
3421
98.1
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.42
2.17
-1.48
-1.42
0.51
0.50
0.39
0.21
-1.48
-1.42
-2.15
-3.98
0.56
-0.29
2.90
1.76
1.85
1.74
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
136.40
276.37
179.98
2.30
123.53
293.95
188.71
2.67
92.69
222.29
196.46
4.96
44.80
127.89
129.59
3.38
35.74
96.64
132.01
2.62
30.98
92.86
130.91
2.93
24.15
87.56
125.44
4.05
-3.17
-1.80
0.73
6.61
-5.91
-4.73
-2.23
-2.88
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
141.07
341.51
590.99
8.05
127.95
363.56
607.01
9.34
93.45
277.78
649.52
14.68
45.21
160.07
433.64
10.36
36.01
121.30
448.13
7.76
31.26
116.47
439.74
8.68
24.37
109.76
421.65
11.90
-3.37
-1.71
0.79
5.13
-5.90
-4.71
-2.14
-2.88

OECD EUROPE
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
1460.09
246.46
824.60
153.86
40.36
0.51
164.90
29.41
1543.79
214.50
787.76
237.99
43.56
0.73
0.01
209.93
49.31
1590.85
173.65
735.57
290.91
63.12
1.98
0.25
272.03
53.36
1739.33
88.21
806.95
382.26
72.56
2.60
0.96
331.12
54.67
1857.87
81.43
825.71
409.06
85.45
3.09
1.65
372.60
78.89
1831.78
81.43
809.10
400.10
92.93
3.10
1.90
376.77
66.44
1829.27
79.50
802.79
400.03
96.29
3.23
2.11
379.55
65.77
0.51
-2.04
-0.67
3.82
2.67
8.34
2.99
3.57
0.78
-4.25
0.49
1.79
2.37
2.76
12.69
1.87
1.17
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
532.43
126.81
214.72
77.85
7.03
0.04
90.59
15.38
509.24
110.76
167.06
97.10
8.39
0.04
105.28
20.62
455.23
100.03
81.29
111.00
20.51
0.06
0.01
123.55
18.78
460.05
66.36
75.12
140.35
25.20
0.09
0.14
139.93
12.87
465.29
58.77
69.87
128.94
27.49
0.07
0.18
150.44
29.53
467.45
59.65
66.45
132.38
31.57
0.04
0.18
153.87
23.31
442.33
51.01
61.06
123.03
31.14
0.04
0.18
153.83
22.05
-0.92
-1.39
-5.55
2.11
6.50
2.53
1.84
1.18
-0.16
-3.67
-1.58
0.57
2.35
-2.95
16.69
1.23
0.90
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
248.48
9.79
233.60
0.22
297.93
3.63
287.60
0.81
377.37
0.30
369.05
0.43
451.38
0.01
440.31
1.04
488.42
0.01
468.90
2.46
497.16
0.01
474.27
2.72
488.22
0.01
461.69
3.15
2.49
-18.56
2.73
3.99
1.44
-18.65
1.25
11.63
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
4.86
345.93
79.02
144.63
43.30
0.00
5.89
366.81
68.26
116.48
75.52
0.01
7.58
397.39
48.97
93.86
108.25
1.01
9.00
428.38
16.44
90.11
155.96
7.90
9.15
449.76
16.76
80.78
177.32
11.08
9.09
428.89
16.16
64.41
169.28
14.14
9.23
448.46
20.09
72.64
173.80
5.41
2.65
0.82
-2.78
-2.51
5.54
50.72
1.10
0.67
-4.83
-1.41
2.67
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
26.32
0.42
41.18
11.07
136.43
19.20
82.12
7.89
28.45
0.64
0.01
58.03
19.42
149.71
23.11
72.12
14.36
39.83
1.31
0.18
78.11
26.87
157.69
17.87
39.50
38.12
42.65
1.90
0.64
93.63
27.03
176.33
2.00
32.39
50.06
45.17
2.33
1.28
106.32
19.81
206.36
2.08
31.24
63.23
45.18
2.36
1.49
105.80
24.21
203.52
1.79
26.59
59.87
45.92
2.46
1.69
107.76
24.10
215.66
3.47
32.16
64.99
2.47
6.97
3.84
5.35
0.86
-0.42
-4.21
9.71
0.79
3.57
13.26
1.80
-0.60
1.75
-8.70
-1.14
3.01
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.16
0.02
24.88
1.17
115.96
4.42
104.62
6.92
1.50
0.02
35.58
3.03
128.83
3.08
107.96
17.79
0.44
0.16
0.02
56.61
4.96
142.29
2.44
119.83
20.02
1.76
0.20
0.07
81.55
8.30
159.51
1.42
138.24
19.85
2.64
0.25
0.13
99.13
7.66
165.93
1.93
146.15
17.85
2.88
0.26
0.14
100.33
11.66
169.62
2.20
148.99
18.43
2.85
0.31
0.14
99.25
12.49
165.72
2.20
145.68
17.85
-5.49
13.52
4.95
8.89
1.21
-3.44
0.80
6.45
10.89
3.86
10.59
3.17
5.26
0.85
-0.57
1.09
-0.64
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
OECD EUROPE
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
579.5
97.9
-77.4
7.8
608.9
143.2
-75.1
-14.4
516.4
168.2
-60.5
6.7
305.7
195.4
-48.0
13.4
267.0
249.6
-46.8
9.6
257.7
241.8
-39.5
-13.4
241.2
206.0
-33.5
-14.7
-0.7
3.2
-1.4
x
-3.8
2.0
-2.3
x
Primary supply
607.7
662.6
630.9
466.4
479.4
446.6
398.9
0.2
-1.9
5.1
-7.3
-11.5
0.4
-0.0
0.1
..
-341.8
-421.0
-431.8
-367.4
-386.6
-356.4
..
1.4
-1.1

-279.3
-258.2
-21.1
-364.9
-305.7
-59.2
-385.8
-335.8
-50.0
-329.7
-310.3
-19.5
-351.2
-331.0
-20.2
-322.3
-303.5
-18.8
..
..
..
1.9
1.6
5.2
-1.0
-0.6
-5.3
Autoproducers
Gas works
-8.9
-6.8
-3.1
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
..
-6.1
-7.5
-53.7
2.4
-38.9
-17.9
0.8
-49.4
1.6
-37.9
-13.8
0.7
-42.9
-0.8
-32.7
-9.7
0.2
-37.1
-0.2
-30.1
-7.0
0.2
-34.8
-0.1
-28.9
-5.8
0.0
-33.3
-0.1
-27.2
-6.1
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-1.3
-1.0
-3.5
-7.4
-1.4
-10.2
-1.0
-2.5
-6.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
Energy ind. own use
-21.2
-18.3
-13.1
-10.1
-10.0
-9.6
..
-2.8
-1.7
-3.3
-1.5
-0.8
-1.1
-1.3
-1.3
..
246.5
214.5
173.6
88.2
81.4
79.5
..
-2.0
-4.2
126.8
51.8
14.1
13.5
4.1
110.8
42.3
12.8
16.0
3.4
100.0
39.5
11.3
17.7
3.8
66.4
27.6
4.4
11.3
2.2
59.6
24.6
3.6
9.9
1.8
51.0
24.0
4.5
8.9
1.9
..
..
..
..
..
-1.4
-1.6
-1.3
1.6
-0.5
-3.7
-2.7
-5.0
-3.7
-3.8
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
9.8
3.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
-18.6
-18.6
105.4
19.2
79.0
97.0
23.1
68.3
70.9
17.9
49.0
20.4
2.0
16.4
19.6
1.8
16.2
26.3
3.5
20.1
..
..
..
-2.3
-0.4
-2.8
-5.4
-8.7
-4.8
4.4
3.1
2.4
1.4
2.2
2.2
..
-3.4
-0.6
OECD EUROPE
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
360.16
252.42
203.10
49.33
6.57
2.28
0.01
1.63
39.59
4.40
3.13
13.41
0.84
17.80
47.57
0.08
359.85
279.83
242.08
37.75
2.02
0.09
3.58
0.41
40.24
4.25
5.66
16.52
2.18
11.63
28.26
0.05
278.07
224.33
214.47
9.87
0.84
7.29
32.04
4.12
3.06
9.94
1.79
13.14
13.41
0.01
286.80
232.70
223.67
9.03
0.45
7.69
29.56
4.97
3.49
6.56
1.64
12.91
12.72
0.15
300.84
244.79
235.18
9.61
0.46
8.07
31.83
5.18
2.88
6.75
1.59
15.44
13.63
0.08
303.14
243.01
233.06
9.96
0.36
7.71
34.22
4.30
2.58
8.47
1.36
17.52
14.21
0.19
273.21
217.64
208.64
9.01
0.34
7.56
24.09
3.99
3.68
7.64
1.48
7.31
19.26
0.20
-0.01
0.86
1.47
-2.20
-9.37
-23.82
72.95
-10.93
0.14
-0.29
5.05
1.75
8.26
-3.48
-4.25
-3.32
-1.52
-1.39
-0.82
-7.65
-9.44
4.24
-2.81
-0.35
-2.37
-4.19
-2.13
-2.55
-2.11
7.86
145.14
7.14
6.19
0.95
135.41
2.46
0.14
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.27
-
129.45
18.23
14.32
3.91
107.92
1.45
0.26
1.98
1.63
0.01
0.34
0.14
-
92.81
13.37
10.17
3.20
73.01
1.78
2.65
0.24
0.00
0.02
2.39
0.10
0.23
81.35
12.70
10.73
1.97
64.76
2.81
0.82
0.23
0.01
0.57
0.13
0.22
84.77
12.20
9.95
2.25
69.26
2.74
0.50
0.26
0.02
0.22
0.11
0.23
87.15
13.48
11.40
2.08
69.57
3.38
0.50
0.21
0.04
0.25
0.08
0.23
83.17
10.52
8.78
1.73
68.72
2.80
0.75
0.50
0.06
0.19
0.12
0.22
-0.95
8.12
7.23
12.52
-1.87
-17.08
24.49
57.52
13.00
8.07
-5.56
-
-2.43
-3.01
-2.68
-4.41
-2.48
3.71
-5.26
-6.34
8.87
-3.19
-0.87
-
591.89
359.55
343.49
16.06
134.34
6.40
48.24
1.12
14.37
1.65
4.04
27.07
28.55
0.83
659.79
462.88
436.44
26.44
108.97
2.83
40.44
1.40
10.72
1.64
1.96
24.71
39.46
0.58
441.80
404.51
398.29
6.22
12.18
1.35
13.92
0.22
3.13
0.65
0.47
9.46
7.88
0.02
441.28
409.37
403.35
6.02
12.44
1.49
8.78
0.09
2.99
0.34
0.43
4.94
7.72
0.04
435.21
400.52
394.68
5.84
13.04
1.51
9.95
0.08
3.01
0.52
0.35
6.00
8.99
0.04
449.09
415.26
410.00
5.26
12.26
1.49
8.88
0.09
1.87
0.61
0.37
5.95
9.11
0.04
436.69
404.58
398.33
6.25
12.84
1.64
8.60
0.07
2.00
0.62
0.36
5.55
7.55
0.04
0.91
2.13
2.02
4.24
-1.73
-6.57
-1.46
1.91
-2.41
-0.03
-5.84
-0.76
2.73
-2.94
-2.27
-0.75
-0.51
-7.70
-11.20
-3.00
-8.24
-15.14
-8.91
-5.26
-9.06
-7.96
-8.78
-14.44

OECD EUROPE
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
97.87
70.11
..
..
5.30
22.46
143.17
117.95
49.56
68.38
5.73
19.49
168.25
150.74
56.94
93.80
5.08
0.10
12.32
195.37
179.11
56.69
122.43
1.87
0.10
14.28
227.31
213.65
53.46
160.19
1.01
0.13
12.52
248.02
234.29
56.82
177.48
1.10
0.12
12.51
249.56
235.01
59.03
175.99
1.09
0.18
13.28
241.77
227.64
59.40
168.24
1.28
0.23
12.62
205.98
196.98
40.69
156.29
0.95
0.22
7.82
77.44
52.78
..
..
1.43
23.23
75.08
51.51
20.95
30.56
4.54
0.00
19.03
60.46
42.05
19.56
22.49
4.28
0.12
14.00
48.02
38.28
9.76
28.52
1.31
0.06
8.37
41.66
32.06
6.47
25.58
0.65
0.05
8.90
47.58
34.42
7.88
26.54
0.87
0.04
12.25
46.77
34.14
7.07
27.07
0.74
0.02
11.88
39.45
27.40
5.87
21.53
0.89
0.01
11.15
33.52
24.67
5.94
18.74
0.70
0.01
8.14
OECD EUROPE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
92461
142735
159823
160761
196334
258504
261281
252041
219985
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
40078
4497
294
909
10550
6190
79
8745
105
52224
9734
1107
695
5219
5025
87
22793
285
55545
10043
2812
774
3141
2570
65
28433
80
52723
13043
4176
2985
37
6573
21067
369
56071
21757
7072
3388
2
3125
16901
31
55745
22012
7028
4562
3
4053
13440
74
58549
23357
7690
4678
3246
15079
115
59030
21803
6426
4366
2532
18292
183
40616
10775
1953
3791
183
2521
15335
641
206
3005
5498
50
256
1441
5532
1
24
46
158
2419
4979
12
85
214
206
526
22
990
2418
2
140
441
388
2327
26
418
53
-
291
206
65
2331
713
815
40
112
70
154
150
1789
674
1059
488
158
328
494
1903
648
1023
75
799
946
260
1174
1681
198
544
614
52383
2955
816
243
6716
15647
2285
499
980
90511
11160
1435
462
3526
15429
2394
16541
2698
104278
9790
832
327
2124
13084
2423
20504
3548
108038
7478
307
1517
844
15620
713
20460
1776
140263
9416
12
2393
437
18590
593
4724
3664
202759
6476
210
1214
436
14941
195
3379
2670
202732
7717
804
1368
457
10866
203
5541
5164
193011
6431
271
1519
585
8523
399
12918
6623
179369
5026
498
2136
417
6703
1375
11128
5952
21
10814
2863
8544
236
1544
26339
1895
6852
2783
9060
194
26099
6115
1475
5920
2307
11231
2409
32967
7285
687
1831
364
242
1887
22500
8230
42828
15298
891
3081
560
5159
2009
28536
20555
55207
57964
2696
1091
396
4784
2506
31761
17115
48586
60015
2139
1305
174
7011
1812
29820
15471
38425
60424
2687
1340
76
5687
856
33962
12753
30576
61118
1856
636
10
4367

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

OECD EUROPE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
35537
25596
19781
18218
9747
8092
7234
6007
6041
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
25095
1283
2383
6331
154
54
4005
804
286
1426
125
122
5126
1826
387
18
89
573
103
15893
1582
1572
2680
241
8
2439
851
134
125
4183
637
254
5
1182
-
11025
1351
858
203
1697
144
3
1017
573
52
3681
649
3
794
-
11983
2
1897
559
871
9
534
634
362
1
1287
3
3
18
10
995
156
896
117
2657
58
310
3
178
421
2
8106
1844
1
214
717
108
1061
1010
4
323
53
538
1570
65
494
100
4
-
7363
1517
4
944
80
208
604
1
94
30
1367
2299
142
73
-
7035
1458
16
1024
8
25
16
580
106
9
1863
1905
25
-
5974
742
125
949
9
23
501
17
1900
1708
-
5683
1332
43
625
474
427
31
5
777
1587
70
10
302
-
2491
15
520
5
1951
3862
861
4
861
2136
4676
1249
100
284
100
1249
1694
6157
790
48
217
5102
1641
143
529
62
2
2
903
729
70
298
361
199
199
32
32
252
13
239
7951
5841
4080
78
106
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD EUROPE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
33590
31963
25276
28034
32159
29279
30463
23979
20827
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
25347
275
2633
274
4161
4095
6035
3171
1
540
1530
52
938
167
15
237
21
244
90
74
149
645
23616
1
1001
1373
1378
3454
2461
1975
4042
15
21
1287
1211
107
1282
286
179
79
389
1666
287
1122
-
20776
1
1216
1471
2282
1387
2815
1167
4942
18
793
600
61
3
1341
339
1
186
198
275
864
52
764
-
22159
12
1050
1414
1874
3214
2559
1152
5655
1
374
20
686
307
50
617
311
304
151
404
129
809
11
1054
1
31202
1643
610
864
2382
1228
2415
15884
2
322
7
468
923
164
363
603
117
5
1217
441
172
20
1351
1
29090
2204
482
42
946
745
567
2708
16273
133
330
88
509
155
30
612
417
126
144
667
145
297
17
1389
64
30063
2255
235
32
1377
821
274
1652
17174
172
254
91
541
806
96
1
869
387
291
228
578
203
303
2
1389
32
23744
1930
318
3
937
639
155
2030
11601
76
216
59
491
1577
81
812
358
482
255
556
128
92
101
847
-
20523
1977
201
7
829
307
210
2265
8268
144
51
556
1234
119
1202
238
786
265
541
101
78
77
176
891
-
85
31
54
1636
13
77
3
188
1355
722
10
1
1
16
375
3
316
4982
37
1
4944
923
2
3
16
2
4
896
176
17
1
1
4
2
13
1
137
397
16
1
275
4
16
85
175
5
22
22
40
86
118
20
2
15
1
80
8158
6711
3778
893
34
13
60
186
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

OECD EUROPE
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
65.01
58.49
47.88
78.12
109.61
125.86
126.10
197.62
187.35
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
67.29
64.53
67.03
63.98
63.07
63.56
68.65
58.81
57.44
57.03
57.02
82.00
59.26
61.20
51.72
59.04
49.65
56.00
45.45
45.92
..
50.43
52.91
43.24
35.62
39.09
42.02
73.63
76.64
98.50
108.71
84.75
198.13
84.09
61.31
86.41
114.89
113.81
242.07
138.92
110.91
219.14
104.26
71.77
86.05
135.52
137.66
112.10
118.82
123.44
146.38
2611.31
66.18
81.32
127.97
129.45
133.32
139.47
126.16
238.11
92.53
96.82
86.75
219.74
218.81
235.16
245.85
174.66
276.79
167.74
141.18
142.20
243.76
223.39
160.08
137.24
159.91
..
86.35
81.99
109.45
Steam coal(3)
52.64
47.51
35.22
61.91
71.27
69.83
82.27
138.12
99.69
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
52.03
52.72
65.54
61.05
54.69
49.36
52.60
45.18
44.69
45.06
44.71
63.84
46.78
49.12
45.29
43.42
43.76
42.55
39.04
37.33
40.97
35.30
41.07
31.45
34.22
33.83
33.59
69.05
87.68
83.24
68.95
61.50
60.61
61.54
58.00
65.14
106.40
119.03
113.59
78.34
86.75
93.41
67.98
67.64
68.46
109.71
146.42
102.69
75.65
82.08
150.20
66.07
66.24
68.03
103.93
112.33
112.36
94.13
97.50
73.02
78.15
80.22
79.10
185.19
180.46
158.65
156.01
137.82
161.11
138.18
142.06
132.27
149.29
167.55
140.77
114.47
107.28
552.50
94.56
95.51
90.97
IEA TOTAL*

8000
140
7000
120
6000
100
5000
80
4000
60
3000
40
2000
20
1000
0
Coal
1800
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
1600
1600
1400
1400
1200
1200
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
12000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
1800
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

14000
Industry
2008
Other use
12000
10000
10000
8000
8000
6000
6000
4000
4000
2000
2000
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
IEA TOTAL
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
5243.76
1202.16
2745.29
993.33
114.04
70.31
109.83
7.98
0.07
0.74
-
5649.06
1375.19
2668.15
1083.01
145.64
231.79
130.81
12.52
0.10
1.86
-
6222.49
1520.45
2527.07
1166.44
190.73
641.77
140.31
29.91
2.67
3.05
0.08
7265.66
1538.87
2855.66
1600.50
238.29
832.57
157.07
33.61
8.24
0.27
0.59
7584.21
1637.29
2859.27
1736.05
303.61
842.38
150.48
29.56
24.31
0.52
0.72
7480.82
1600.68
2758.39
1745.58
316.02
842.52
154.90
30.41
29.94
1.50
0.87
7127.44
1442.59
2602.26
1716.25
316.10
828.19
153.32
31.73
34.52
1.62
0.86
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.01
1.39
-0.49
0.95
3.07
13.89
1.45
8.08
24.04
8.72
-
1.03
0.29
0.49
2.26
2.85
1.52
0.55
0.09
14.36
-3.87
13.98

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
11962
0.44
848.8
6.18
152.8
165.4
97.6
4415
..
1980
14402
0.39
898.9
6.28
136.8
157.2
101.8
5574
..
1990
19563
0.32
961.2
6.47
110.9
127.9
100.3
7440
..
2000
25334
0.29
1028.2
7.07
100.0
100.0
100.0
9410
..
2007
29601
0.26
1075.9
7.05
89.3
91.1
95.6
10382
..
2008
29722
0.25
1082.9
6.91
87.8
88.7
95.2
10401
..
2009e
29045
0.25
1088.1
6.55
85.6
81.8
..
9960
..
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.94
2.35
-1.87
-1.29
0.73
0.66
0.28
0.36
-1.87
-1.29
-1.50
-2.02
0.16
-0.29
3.12
1.88
-
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
288.05
740.20
213.08
2.30
302.45
845.73
230.24
2.67
279.11
966.36
265.66
4.96
227.33
926.63
207.60
3.38
246.23
1002.89
207.15
2.62
249.05
1011.79
206.74
2.93
217.51
962.01
197.19
4.05
-0.26
2.25
1.85
6.61
-0.63
0.26
-1.38
-2.88
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
293.39
890.40
666.16
8.05
307.01
1025.03
699.43
9.34
279.57
1169.16
806.24
14.68
233.06
1150.19
614.12
10.36
256.02
1247.83
621.84
7.76
259.44
1261.15
615.96
8.68
226.41
1196.46
586.63
11.90
-0.40
2.30
1.60
5.13
-0.41
0.42
-1.48
-2.88

IEA TOTAL
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
3949.38
405.65
2220.77
726.10
109.69
0.07
457.50
29.59
4089.42
352.48
2179.77
793.78
137.48
0.10
0.04
574.89
50.88
4279.10
327.86
2181.40
822.78
115.90
2.18
2.04
769.45
57.48
5007.34
196.99
2525.32
1042.01
173.72
3.19
4.35
993.17
68.60
5190.50
195.06
2600.98
1004.89
197.69
4.33
4.39
1086.14
97.03
5205.14
196.21
2564.38
1030.87
209.60
4.57
4.78
1109.69
85.03
5110.95
189.86
2463.71
1035.54
218.52
5.00
5.07
1109.21
84.03
0.47
-1.24
-0.11
0.74
0.32
22.27
3.11
3.98
0.99
-2.99
0.68
1.29
3.59
4.73
5.18
2.05
2.13
1343.25
253.64
439.42
353.37
58.14
223.17
15.52
1307.27
223.65
386.25
346.04
67.91
261.37
22.05
1133.74
225.13
226.55
306.30
48.25
0.31
0.01
307.51
19.68
1247.19
169.00
191.80
387.27
96.92
0.36
0.14
378.68
23.01
1210.94
166.30
186.89
347.85
100.84
0.37
0.18
365.77
42.74
1213.51
166.66
173.67
361.60
102.67
0.39
0.18
371.61
36.73
1169.43
153.68
167.95
349.24
98.81
0.40
0.18
364.04
35.13
-0.99
-0.70
-3.82
-0.84
-1.09
1.90
1.41
0.17
-2.10
-1.65
0.73
4.06
1.37
16.70
0.94
3.27
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
971.14
10.30
929.04
24.28
1079.79
3.64
1043.34
24.22
1292.88
0.40
1254.88
26.68
1571.63
0.14
1522.81
29.95
1666.97
0.14
1599.08
29.73
1682.87
0.14
1604.77
31.56
1626.92
0.15
1537.32
31.82
1.70
-17.38
1.78
0.56
1.28
-5.18
1.13
0.98
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
7.51
768.16
95.33
278.51
219.46
0.00
8.59
774.51
83.53
206.54
255.33
0.01
10.91
822.64
63.67
160.71
285.02
5.76
12.97
954.62
19.24
170.12
367.36
24.40
13.61
965.50
18.41
144.90
371.07
32.80
13.60
968.11
17.65
128.96
377.13
43.93
13.69
988.02
21.66
132.42
386.09
5.41
2.22
0.40
-2.35
-3.18
1.55
x
1.27
1.02
-5.82
-1.07
1.70
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
31.90
0.07
131.82
11.07
405.47
24.34
185.43
104.05
33.61
0.10
0.04
175.98
19.38
416.59
26.26
149.36
113.78
45.45
0.76
1.91
238.31
26.81
500.43
22.91
119.23
144.48
63.19
1.65
3.99
300.66
28.40
612.91
4.32
114.95
187.19
63.56
2.47
3.97
339.57
21.53
664.70
5.24
104.93
197.70
64.98
2.68
4.33
346.37
26.01
673.12
5.18
94.65
202.87
66.34
3.05
4.61
347.85
26.01
688.98
6.93
97.14
211.64
2.10
14.91
3.54
5.34
1.25
-0.36
-2.56
1.95
2.12
8.05
5.02
2.12
-0.17
1.79
-6.42
-1.13
2.14
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.16
89.28
1.21
311.38
4.42
299.79
7.18
1.54
122.44
3.21
340.49
3.27
315.66
21.56
0.52
0.19
0.09
204.75
8.27
399.54
3.48
349.55
46.51
3.77
0.72
0.11
291.10
10.75
511.35
2.30
454.70
54.35
6.23
1.00
0.17
338.55
10.88
536.16
2.98
494.63
38.55
6.40
1.02
0.18
347.78
15.03
538.77
4.83
494.40
39.55
6.69
1.06
0.18
349.55
15.78
505.63
4.67
462.19
38.78
-4.61
5.00
12.00
1.48
-1.40
0.91
11.62
15.26
10.02
3.71
3.02
3.65
1.32
1.65
1.56
-1.00
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
IEA TOTAL
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
1166.8
173.5
-158.7
20.5
1381.1
235.0
-214.8
-26.1
1516.1
312.2
-286.5
-21.3
1364.9
425.0
-308.0
57.0
1458.9
541.9
-361.5
-2.0
1470.5
541.2
-386.3
-24.8
1380.8
470.9
-367.1
-42.0
1.6
3.5
3.5
x
-0.2
3.1
1.7
x
Primary supply
1202.2
1375.2
1520.4
1538.9
1637.3
1600.7
1442.6
1.4
0.3
21.2
-20.5
2.9
22.5
-14.3
-19.0
..
-780.7
-974.0
-1173.7
-1344.3
-1404.7
-1370.2
..
2.4
0.9

-638.8
-617.7
-21.1
-848.8
-785.3
-63.6
-1068.0
-1000.7
-67.3
-1249.4
-1196.6
-52.8
-1322.4
-1278.4
-44.0
-1284.2
-1241.8
-42.4
..
..
..
3.1
2.9
7.1
1.0
1.2
-2.5
Autoproducers
Gas works
-12.0
-8.6
-6.3
-3.6
-3.2
-3.4
..
-3.7
-3.3
-129.9
2.2
-93.7
-37.6
-0.8
-116.6
1.4
-80.0
-38.1
0.1
-99.4
-0.8
-76.7
-17.4
-4.6
-91.4
-0.2
-77.4
-13.8
-0.0
-79.1
-0.2
-74.2
-10.6
5.9
-82.6
-0.2
-70.4
-12.0
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-1.6
-1.2
-4.5
11.2
-1.0
-7.4
-0.5
-2.0
-
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
Energy ind. own use
-33.7
-26.7
-21.0
-19.0
-20.7
-20.4
..
-2.7
-0.2
-3.3
-1.5
-0.8
-1.1
-1.3
-1.3
..
405.6
352.5
327.9
197.0
196.2
189.9
..
-1.2
-3.0
253.6
130.8
26.4
20.3
11.6
223.6
103.3
24.7
32.1
11.2
225.1
80.5
28.0
41.3
16.2
169.0
62.0
18.2
35.8
8.2
166.7
58.6
16.1
32.0
10.7
153.7
57.9
16.5
30.2
11.0
..
..
..
..
..
-0.7
-2.8
0.3
4.3
2.0
-2.1
-1.8
-2.9
-1.7
-2.1
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
10.3
3.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
..
-17.4
-5.2
137.3
24.3
95.3
121.9
26.3
83.5
98.9
22.9
63.7
25.5
4.3
19.2
24.6
5.2
17.7
31.4
6.9
21.7
..
..
..
-1.9
-0.4
-2.3
-6.2
-6.4
-5.8
4.4
3.3
3.5
2.3
4.8
4.7
..
-1.4
1.6
IEA TOTAL
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
913.64
701.37
651.67
49.70
25.21
2.40
0.01
1.83
92.99
9.59
13.82
27.16
9.02
33.41
57.64
0.08
1203.53
1006.38
957.22
49.16
22.83
5.97
3.76
0.41
119.16
7.95
22.55
41.80
15.79
31.07
35.26
0.33
1363.24
1228.60
1195.13
33.47
2.06
11.46
9.69
100.93
8.18
17.49
36.50
8.53
30.24
18.19
0.34
1483.84
1212.93
1186.12
26.81
122.25
12.41
9.71
95.96
9.98
14.83
31.48
11.37
28.31
17.34
0.68
1490.61
1242.78
1217.11
25.66
96.99
12.39
10.21
99.95
10.30
14.80
31.84
11.70
31.31
17.28
0.52
1512.95
1231.27
1204.98
26.29
130.12
13.34
10.00
102.62
10.08
14.50
32.69
11.33
34.03
17.99
1.91
1486.98
1329.97
1304.11
25.86
2.63
11.28
10.21
93.58
9.49
15.89
31.00
11.87
25.33
23.11
1.62
2.32
3.05
3.26
-0.09
-0.82
7.88
73.63
-11.75
2.09
-1.55
4.17
3.66
4.78
-0.60
-4.01
12.80
1.18
1.56
1.73
-3.51
-11.32
3.60
5.72
-1.33
0.99
-1.92
-1.65
-1.58
-1.13
-2.32
9.24
288.75
7.14
6.19
0.95
271.50
6.91
0.26
0.07
0.01
0.00
0.18
0.28
-
252.55
18.23
14.32
3.91
225.18
6.71
0.26
2.13
1.63
0.49
0.16
-
204.51
13.37
10.17
3.20
170.35
15.75
2.64
0.24
0.00
0.00
2.39
0.10
0.23
189.29
12.70
10.73
1.97
2.81
156.05
18.73
0.80
0.23
0.57
0.13
0.22
193.29
12.20
9.95
2.25
2.26
160.16
19.01
0.73
0.51
0.22
0.11
0.23
197.72
13.48
11.40
2.08
2.37
159.30
21.10
0.64
0.38
0.01
0.25
0.08
0.23
193.86
10.52
8.78
1.73
160.45
19.17
1.03
0.84
0.01
0.19
0.12
0.22
-1.11
8.12
7.23
12.52
-1.55
-23.92
19.18
30.01
8.98
-4.53
-
-1.46
-3.01
-2.68
-4.41
-1.87
6.01
-3.93
-3.65
-5.25
-1.68
-
666.47
427.96
410.91
17.05
137.19
6.40
51.14
1.12
14.39
1.65
4.51
29.47
28.94
0.83
815.27
609.01
580.39
28.62
110.75
8.47
42.05
1.40
10.98
1.65
2.06
25.97
39.71
0.67
624.09
580.95
572.38
8.57
13.13
7.02
15.68
0.22
3.37
0.65
0.57
10.88
8.08
0.16
624.61
585.44
577.34
8.09
13.33
6.88
9.38
0.09
3.23
0.35
0.49
5.24
7.85
0.21
615.71
571.50
563.64
7.86
13.73
7.10
10.56
0.08
3.24
0.53
0.41
6.30
9.11
0.20
631.18
587.12
581.84
5.28
12.91
6.82
9.44
0.09
2.12
0.62
0.37
6.24
9.36
0.04
622.83
575.15
568.88
6.27
13.45
6.94
9.15
0.07
2.23
0.62
0.36
5.87
7.75
0.04
1.69
2.98
2.92
4.41
-1.77
2.36
-1.62
1.91
-2.23
-0.02
-6.32
-1.05
2.67
-1.78
-1.48
-0.32
-0.11
-8.09
-11.05
-1.10
-8.12
-15.14
-8.47
-5.26
-9.30
-7.93
-8.68
-15.12

IEA TOTAL
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
173.50
144.44
..
..
5.30
23.75
235.02
208.89
124.90
83.99
5.73
20.40
312.18
293.19
140.66
152.53
5.08
0.10
13.81
424.97
399.40
135.44
263.95
4.67
0.10
20.80
499.05
475.02
132.78
342.24
5.10
0.13
18.80
532.48
508.84
136.67
372.17
4.14
0.12
19.38
541.90
516.79
141.27
375.52
6.02
0.18
18.92
541.23
514.69
142.36
372.33
7.08
0.23
19.23
470.94
457.79
113.73
344.06
3.74
0.22
9.18
158.67
131.78
..
..
1.44
25.46
214.83
187.26
124.91
62.34
4.57
0.00
23.00
286.54
264.94
161.22
103.72
4.32
0.12
17.15
308.01
294.27
162.62
131.65
1.33
0.06
12.35
338.40
325.24
176.50
148.74
0.83
0.05
12.28
345.49
328.60
171.56
157.03
1.10
0.04
15.76
361.53
345.70
186.83
158.87
1.10
0.02
14.72
386.30
370.40
200.53
169.88
1.93
0.01
13.96
367.14
355.61
179.74
175.87
1.05
0.01
10.46
IEA TOTAL
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
164431
269596
307030
350149
440358
566998
580425
578320
516975
98417
29796
11598
909
10948
6619
79
24605
116
135759
43471
20428
695
5219
5025
71
43710
686
136252
49608
16128
774
3141
2570
52
43199
305
133795
52923
17183
2985
37
6573
32737
660
138556
67155
17972
3388
2
3118
24038
391
139265
68690
15484
4562
3
4053
17773
384
144101
74253
17796
4678
3246
18654
275
145322
72665
16319
4366
2532
23244
384
116603
51104
12263
3791
183
2521
19862
937
420
2566
5249
5512
1211
50
103
5342
4216
5532
2803
177
714
3213
8569
4999
5339
137
4843
3643
3267
22
990
2456
9557
140
6327
991
4825
26
454
80
92
9194
222
10622
90
6369
713
815
40
251
5880
163
10659
284
5992
668
1059
494
5789
338
11027
542
5492
648
1023
75
878
2760
284
16500
1174
3824
198
544
31
627
66014
4556
970
243
6716
16292
2285
9296
980
133837
30433
4051
462
3523
15429
2394
26870
2716
170778
34664
9885
327
2124
13084
2428
35842
3686
216354
51101
13108
1517
845
15609
713
33298
2124
301802
76734
10111
2393
431
18590
589
21162
4288
427733
94805
7130
1214
436
14922
178
12614
3377
436324
100621
9697
1368
389
10863
197
10736
5484
432998
107214
8730
1519
585
8523
404
20236
6991
400372
117450
6605
2136
417
6703
1575
15879
5902
534
11967
3012
9163
2663
2081
306
32671
2915
157
7166
6287
10450
1000
33156
9517
1752
150
6426
15372
14281
11656
39460
10474
687
3506
1860
743
34740
29418
23066
46337
20821
891
4985
1572
5674
31368
53664
66637
55514
69545
2696
5343
3282
5008
30242
57118
69054
49170
73809
2237
5036
3199
7104
26725
55122
68670
39135
74163
2741
3501
2821
5918
15607
51248
58366
31892
73819
1915
1843
3533
5482

IEA TOTAL
(thousand tonnes)
Total Exports
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
107072
152492
162286
169662
168603
180273
196284
210734
188525
90281
1283
3860
5410
8972
714
245
8393
43380
2503
286
10
3347
193
387
5126
3257
840
18
498
1402
157
123513
1582
5031
6360
8609
950
7
13
62
10228
59198
7014
498
5206
232
369
4183
4283
1564
5
2232
5777
110
122399
1351
7450
4018
50
330
8494
877
28
3
8734
55410
7852
3
5273
99
805
3681
4499
1568
3
2869
8230
772
127906
125
1897
5890
4039
871
9
1249
6177
999
1
1287
39
3
7824
53979
15654
10
517
5766
239
896
434
2657
3267
2006
3
3681
7612
775
127377
122
1844
4551
3501
214
1005
6629
4891
1075
48
4
7381
52798
15305
1406
4745
95
538
198
1570
4163
2128
46
3954
8626
540
124623
1547
3594
4134
944
1172
5061
4658
674
19
1
6507
52688
12277
2125
9336
1367
2353
3109
1596
3357
6606
1498
128451
1583
3363
3299
1024
8
719
5645
2805
580
30
6595
57550
11482
1565
10034
19
2264
2820
3323
1741
3826
6708
1468
139664
1036
4702
3266
949
219
965
5530
4100
276
675
50
68
5945
60460
14398
2192
9929
78
3452
2584
3870
1825
257
4503
6770
1565
115011
1612
3444
2168
650
73
755
4019
3836
62
46
3874
49491
19052
1171
6983
36
1666
219
1748
2122
1426
137
4140
5333
948
8840
2121
1186
218
232
1348
521
951
69
2194
23138
7958
2772
769
2080
1646
1564
1829
192
1041
3287
30609
8867
3155
1009
5179
50
3915
1068
2621
860
963
2922
41063
11064
5451
1672
9831
127
2455
947
1517
317
1366
6316
37791
10695
7713
1211
10795
56
505
1825
1869
265
1051
1806
46195
9288
8937
1392
17081
194
146
881
2513
3500
437
1826
57181
10870
9270
1951
20334
273
543
2789
2704
3563
496
4388
58504
10869
7595
1736
25876
281
1998
2664
1992
2198
682
2613
66181
11842
2736
835
26148
146
368
1687
1313
19296
687
1123
7951
5841
9278
693
3435
9455
10652
12566
7333

IEA TOTAL
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
49931
105530
113416
128950
146885
163965
170800
179206
183901
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
40497
275
2660
8782
274
4620
4095
6755
4157
1
540
1552
1732
356
52
1285
167
15
237
21
244
90
79
1081
1427
82613
2
1001
2856
8508
1378
8297
3669
3461
5228
1278
28
1622
5070
18173
7942
107
44
6539
429
805
79
1630
1896
295
275
1846
155
93807
2
1216
3778
10083
2282
5857
2815
3859
5451
33
2248
5051
30637
4352
3
188
9559
1
401
1
1572
198
762
1040
81
15
2097
225
105848
12
1050
3480
4541
1874
6195
3089
2049
7364
1
374
20
1636
4122
40735
13462
50
5194
336
304
1977
404
2350
861
11
216
3901
240
123176
1643
1467
13524
864
2594
1228
3413
16478
112
322
7
1208
1430
51874
13730
164
373
3556
16
677
117
348
1217
2327
255
20
110
3866
236
137337
2204
845
13951
946
1371
927
3644
16842
133
330
88
509
155
60978
21157
30
4918
1506
82
417
126
411
667
1464
366
17
2866
387
136930
2330
772
13418
1377
1053
450
3438
18312
172
254
91
869
941
60912
16041
96
5218
3944
85
387
291
486
578
1189
404
2
1
3567
252
148408
1930
1503
17558
937
778
340
3977
12857
142
216
59
1458
1864
69501
20465
81
1340
4278
80
358
591
646
556
1663
489
250
34
4270
187
140428
24
1977
803
7454
829
676
281
3376
8997
152
144
51
556
1451
64967
33909
119
2928
4818
238
786
1066
541
250
78
77
177
3611
92
384
11
76
32
82
129
54
14542
91
6336
93
998
253
212
2695
2229
1635
14604
345
6866
1
48
1058
49
1057
642
2554
1621
363
22207
190
7953
1
1
1257
381
1099
1230
3420
1672
5003
23121
22
10034
2
2469
2623
828
1438
1440
3303
962
26318
231
13208
17
1567
321
931
192
1206
4077
4357
211
33867
206
16235
16
746
679
1151
2487
1464
3241
7489
153
30611
443
18559
22
733
177
73
1737
1421
1901
5157
388
38182
6
20302
20
828
672
2
645
816
10121
1755
3015
9050
8375
5005
895
588
310
187
5291
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

IEA NORTH AMERICA*


4000
160
3500
140
3000
120
2500
100
2000
80
1500
60
40
1000
20
500
0
Coal
1000
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
900
800
800
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
6000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
900
700
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

7000
Industry
2008
Other use
6000
5000
5000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
2000
1000
1000
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
IEA NORTH AMERICA

TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
2698.98
466.16
1281.25
788.26
64.73
39.01
56.52
3.01
0.03
-
2853.25
567.80
1264.93
746.19
88.77
113.96
65.11
6.57
-0.06
-
3033.82
692.11
1190.51
704.23
100.75
255.40
70.01
20.14
0.46
0.20
-
3606.82
807.55
1368.92
888.31
121.30
324.09
75.15
18.70
3.00
-0.21
-
3726.64
830.31
1431.48
890.40
132.50
346.28
76.21
12.55
6.86
0.04
-
3643.56
817.19
1354.32
885.45
138.41
346.89
78.53
12.97
9.75
0.06
-
3460.22
724.52
1269.14
887.94
132.67
342.71
78.80
12.92
11.71
-0.18
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.69
2.35
-0.43
-0.66
2.64
11.69
1.27
11.83
11.90
-
1.02
0.93
0.72
1.28
1.78
1.72
0.64
-2.42
18.46
-6.89
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
4647
0.58
234.4
11.51
171.1
132.0
108.4
2236
..
1980
5554
0.51
252.2
11.31
151.3
134.5
111.9
2801
..
1990
7608
0.40
277.9
10.92
117.5
119.7
107.0
3685
..
2000
10624
0.34
313.1
11.52
100.0
100.0
100.0
4631
..
2007
12560
0.30
334.7
11.14
87.4
87.0
92.0
4966
..
2008
12613
0.29
337.9
10.78
85.1
85.2
91.7
4995
..
2009e
12450
0.28
341.1
10.15
81.9
76.6
..
4784
..
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.94
2.85
-2.19
-1.78
1.01
1.09
-0.31
-0.07
-2.19
-1.78
-0.57
-1.87
-0.07
-0.86
2.98
1.70
-
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
106.78
421.01
23.37
-
132.98
505.67
30.53
-
123.37
651.04
54.51
-
79.92
679.21
56.96
-
69.78
737.15
54.17
-
79.44
743.47
52.72
-
64.46
681.07
51.30
-
1.21
3.70
7.31
-
-2.42
0.74
-0.19
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
105.98
487.96
44.51
-
131.87
598.48
59.30
-
120.92
770.40
110.57
-
82.45
845.33
112.98
-
75.43
939.07
107.84
-
85.71
954.35
103.57
-
69.54
877.14
100.73
-
1.10
3.88
7.88
-
-1.89
1.20
-0.36
-

IEA NORTH AMERICA

(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
2066.58
112.81
1098.78
558.62
64.35
231.88
0.14
2094.79
86.42
1098.76
533.76
88.28
286.10
1.47
2075.10
83.92
1074.40
494.70
42.70
0.48
374.92
3.98
2479.79
51.56
1248.86
590.42
88.34
0.74
2.06
489.11
8.70
2514.95
50.50
1326.20
506.84
98.53
1.32
1.83
518.40
11.33
2552.79
50.63
1314.20
539.04
102.29
1.48
1.89
531.82
11.43
2492.16
49.02
1244.72
543.68
107.82
1.66
1.96
532.25
11.03
0.02
-1.73
-0.13
-0.71
-2.38
2.87
21.94
1.02
-2.94
0.82
0.53
5.28
7.15
1.97
5.83
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
627.58
92.64
123.24
270.24
48.97
92.35
0.14
624.92
74.78
144.40
239.61
56.35
108.34
1.43
472.63
69.61
72.91
181.05
21.06
127.09
0.90
553.21
47.96
45.88
224.56
62.25
0.16
165.29
7.11
506.23
47.74
59.30
189.62
62.68
0.16
137.62
9.13
506.56
46.57
53.56
199.34
59.95
0.17
137.83
9.14
499.78
45.19
57.62
195.85
56.57
0.18
135.55
8.82
-1.65
-1.67
-3.04
-2.33
-4.84
1.90
11.73
0.31
-2.37
-1.30
0.44
5.64
0.36
13.52
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
639.81
0.18
614.65
24.06
670.84
646.77
23.41
758.12
731.07
26.15
914.83
880.51
28.48
972.66
928.75
26.09
980.61
930.20
27.45
940.25
882.31
27.06
1.00
1.03
0.49
1.20
1.05
0.19
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.92
375.63
4.77
120.29
170.29
0.66
348.39
2.35
74.47
170.28
0.91
341.02
2.19
44.32
162.73
4.74
1.10
421.29
1.95
50.22
185.84
16.36
1.46
404.94
0.06
37.89
164.42
21.46
1.50
427.63
0.04
39.22
178.50
29.41
1.46
429.41
0.05
35.91
183.23
-0.10
-0.57
-4.47
-5.70
-0.27
2.68
1.29
-19.37
-1.16
0.66
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.73
77.55
236.58
4.87
78.65
94.03
2.73
98.57
229.78
2.63
52.80
96.74
2.30
129.47
0.00
258.56
3.45
36.26
99.39
17.44
0.31
2.06
163.48
314.96
1.27
32.05
119.98
15.98
0.66
1.83
184.10
0.00
324.32
2.19
32.97
107.50
17.35
0.79
1.89
189.83
0.00
336.66
2.43
32.48
114.11
18.03
0.95
1.96
189.28
342.69
2.51
32.58
118.28
-1.01
3.06
0.52
-2.01
-4.45
0.33
12.13
2.13
1.58
-1.76
-0.59
0.97
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
59.03
137.18
137.18
-
77.57
0.04
162.28
0.18
158.76
3.33
116.38
3.08
191.52
0.47
166.39
24.67
1.77
0.27
158.01
1.59
247.17
0.38
216.07
30.73
3.09
0.50
175.86
2.21
258.14
0.49
239.07
18.58
3.01
0.52
181.82
2.29
252.84
1.52
232.37
18.95
3.30
0.53
183.28
2.22
230.86
1.27
211.02
18.57
4.07
1.98
1.14
-
2.56
-1.81
1.04
5.75
1.33
-1.57
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
IEA NORTH AMERICA

5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
492.9
16.0
-55.2
12.5
669.2
16.9
-97.9
-20.4
828.9
16.7
-127.8
-25.7
816.1
35.8
-82.3
37.9
861.1
46.7
-75.9
-1.7
875.6
47.2
-96.8
-8.8
796.8
28.6
-74.5
-26.4
3.1
0.2
5.1
x
0.3
6.0
-1.5
x
Primary supply
466.2
567.8
692.1
807.6
830.3
817.2
724.5
2.4
0.9
18.7
-10.9
10.7
22.9
-13.0
-8.5
..
-363.4
-466.8
-617.0
-776.7
-763.6
-756.7
..
3.2
1.1

-321.7
-321.7
-
-438.7
-438.7
-0.0
-595.8
-589.5
-6.2
-756.2
-739.3
-17.0
-753.1
-747.8
-5.3
-740.6
-735.3
-5.2
..
..
..
3.7
3.6
-
1.2
1.2
-1.0
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.1
-2.6
-2.7
-2.5
-2.7
..
26.0
0.1
-41.6
-27.7
-13.9
-
-28.2
-18.4
-9.8
-
-18.6
-12.9
-5.7
-
-17.8
-12.3
-5.5
-
-7.9
-9.7
-4.1
5.8
-13.4
-9.3
-4.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
-4.6
-4.4
-5.1
-
-1.8
-1.8
-1.8
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-8.6
-3.6
-1.9
-2.1
-3.1
-3.0
..
-8.5
2.5
..
112.8
86.4
83.9
51.6
50.6
49.0
..
-1.7
-2.9
92.6
52.1
11.9
5.9
7.1
74.8
33.7
11.2
10.3
7.4
69.6
20.4
12.5
11.7
10.5
48.0
13.8
9.6
12.4
3.7
46.6
9.3
7.4
10.8
6.5
45.2
9.5
7.2
9.9
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
-1.7
-5.4
0.3
4.2
2.3
-2.4
-4.2
-3.0
-0.9
-2.5
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
0.2
..
20.0
4.9
4.8
11.5
2.6
2.4
13.8
3.5
2.2
3.2
1.3
1.9
2.5
2.4
0.0
2.6
2.5
0.0
..
..
..
-2.1
-2.0
-4.5
-9.0
-1.8
-19.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
1.5
1.3
..
5.8
IEA NORTH AMERICA

(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
496.24
418.38
418.37
0.01
46.04
3.73
10.34
11.88
7.82
12.27
8.58
-
715.52
649.21
642.91
6.29
0.17
53.40
1.71
14.26
12.65
11.37
13.42
6.03
0.26
884.21
851.28
835.80
15.48
2.39
37.62
1.46
10.51
13.26
4.10
8.29
3.70
0.33
948.85
776.07
769.56
6.51
119.79
1.20
37.54
0.32
7.23
12.55
6.84
10.60
3.60
0.53
937.06
793.31
788.45
4.85
94.20
1.35
38.95
0.47
7.50
12.82
7.25
10.91
2.64
0.44
942.67
772.25
767.63
4.62
127.67
1.48
37.85
0.48
7.38
11.73
7.04
11.24
2.77
1.72
938.66
891.45
886.51
4.94
1.83
39.25
0.65
7.96
10.72
7.47
12.45
2.85
1.42
3.10
3.73
3.65
66.36
1.24
-6.32
2.71
0.53
3.17
0.75
-2.90
-
1.52
1.78
1.80
-1.33
13.96
-1.70
-5.19
-3.19
-0.92
-2.31
-0.42
-4.09
9.92
75.66
71.74
-
40.29
40.27
-
30.42
30.20
-
25.18
2.81
22.73
-
25.45
2.26
22.89
-
25.30
2.37
22.55
-
24.98
24.28
-
-5.12
-4.70
-
-2.62
-2.77
-
43.94
41.10
41.10
2.47
0.17
2.31
0.34
-
109.28
101.99
100.89
1.10
5.64
1.41
0.23
0.00
0.10
1.08
0.17
0.09
114.73
110.09
108.85
1.25
5.67
1.59
0.24
0.00
0.10
1.25
0.12
0.14
115.90
109.76
107.70
2.06
5.39
0.39
0.24
0.01
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.16
112.49
103.89
101.88
2.01
5.59
0.39
0.24
0.01
0.06
0.09
0.06
0.16
116.22
110.18
110.18
5.33
0.32
0.26
0.01
0.05
0.19
-
113.49
108.79
108.79
5.30
0.28
0.24
0.04
0.14
-
7.89
7.87
7.77
-4.57
-4.60
-6.12
-5.64
-
0.21
0.36
0.42
-0.34
-8.67
0.05
-16.73
-0.93
-

IEA NORTH AMERICA

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
15.98
14.72
..
..
1.26
16.93
16.12
6.21
9.91
0.81
16.67
15.67
4.22
11.44
1.00
35.80
29.04
5.75
23.30
2.79
3.97
44.82
37.50
5.63
31.87
4.09
3.23
51.26
43.66
5.59
38.07
3.03
4.56
46.72
38.89
4.67
34.22
4.93
2.90
47.18
36.87
4.70
32.18
5.80
4.51
28.63
25.13
3.05
22.08
2.79
0.71
55.24
53.62
..
..
0.00
1.62
97.89
96.02
71.71
24.31
0.03
1.84
127.76
127.03
85.76
41.27
0.04
0.69
82.26
80.93
54.83
26.11
0.03
1.30
66.16
64.29
47.14
17.14
0.17
1.70
66.20
64.43
44.87
19.56
0.22
1.54
75.85
74.04
50.12
23.92
0.36
1.46
96.77
93.88
58.93
34.95
1.03
1.86
74.49
72.76
49.97
22.78
0.36
1.38
IEA NORTH AMERICA

(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
16929
16350
16618
16268
30061
48559
43264
42006
28620
5454
5454
-
6188
6188
-
4491
4491
-
4129
4129
-
5843
1511
4296
-
5786
72
1461
4133
-
4837
1469
3322
46
4866
1580
3286
-
3155
962
2193
-
36
-
7
113
11475
933
49
645
8796
-
10162
35
367
8391
6
12127
22
883
5
9639
-
12139
192
1197
5095
39
24218
152
155
14090
6
42773
150
288
1
8537
96
38427
60
209
1
5142
32
37140
135
140
5
6036
1
25465
138
92
200
4427
-
996
56
539
824
-
1296
277
5
2994
924
1675
23
173
6928
651
61
26
1904
72
55
25110
2855
256
1152
4252
21
46
25338
3323
401
98
3731
46
41
25281
3060
226
54
2161
-
8
17286
1891
157
59
1207
-

IEA NORTH AMERICA

(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
40450
77198
84419
75819
58166
50149
55872
65242
55207
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
36030
1103
5410
1468
560
3069
19925
1173
929
68
265
838
453
409
360
-
65617
3443
6360
3823
709
7
13
54
5734
29639
3950
498
2975
98
244
2460
1310
1716
2474
110
67287
5538
3988
50
127
4880
708
28
6536
26588
2908
3
3975
99
753
3156
866
1957
4355
772
61410
3807
4039
715
3233
433
36
5054
22688
6615
517
4068
83
188
2313
1161
1895
3831
734
45136
2717
3501
288
2782
1211
65
48
4467
12937
4947
740
2143
42
198
2331
642
2403
3134
540
38266
30
1596
4134
795
1652
2607
70
19
4153
7523
4573
612
2297
54
1397
426
2186
2681
1461
41635
125
1424
3299
435
2176
2789
30
4202
8430
5228
546
2895
10
401
915
1563
483
2263
2953
1468
47933
294
1650
3266
210
661
2451
2482
126
174
50
68
3690
9864
6042
1335
3670
78
1552
876
1406
523
257
2658
2985
1565
37261
280
1829
2168
25
73
389
2058
2033
31
46
2372
7274
6003
693
3488
31
889
219
161
1432
434
127
2126
2132
948
4420
1942
205
218
200
673
1
914
24
243
11581
6139
782
457
38
1051
872
869
353
1020
11934
6327
357
586
50
1559
614
872
300
229
1040
14025
6826
1600
1165
127
1528
350
667
548
1214
9805
5564
1440
682
22
56
443
269
496
833
11272
5519
1220
869
959
75
382
739
211
54
1244
14237
7262
1234
1453
800
209
500
652
140
100
1887
17309
6886
1203
1370
1439
1588
648
935
478
181
2581
17132
7649
77
693
1869
294
440
701
4508
160
741
5198
384
3225
611
814
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

IEA NORTH AMERICA

(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
10808
34228
42493
38503
26922
22700
27909
39959
26499
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
10341
27
8782
309
38
528
22
243
356
27
5
4
30080
1
712
8508
2286
1208
978
595
1138
7
335
3633
2847
2489
44
2793
143
626
786
230
8
275
283
155
35375
1
2178
10083
3321
1758
384
15
1322
4451
4007
719
188
3982
1
62
1386
282
21
15
1005
194
34116
950
4541
1905
530
621
1648
829
3449
6179
3800
3015
25
1562
2111
8
191
2705
47
25397
429
13524
70
564
522
456
79
4425
2275
373
643
74
343
441
55
1016
108
20589
363
13909
348
360
195
569
1379
918
156
593
267
250
1052
230
23489
75
483
13386
72
176
584
1009
74
135
2099
980
148
2278
258
1
1578
153
35879
1144
17555
139
185
1263
1256
66
440
287
2542
1913
522
3279
109
391
990
144
149
34
3352
119
23549
24
602
7447
218
71
1111
729
152
217
2390
3767
752
2682
801
149
1
2344
92
95
11
1
82
1
-
4148
78
2575
421
176
110
506
2
280
5891
177
3820
530
682
522
108
5
47
4385
153
2033
1
562
271
1099
207
59
971
22
825
49
9
66
1814
176
3
71
927
190
367
5
1
74
4420
95
2
1
172
1069
2212
789
12
68
3953
409
72
73
1715
961
421
302
2816
6
1
630
816
962
256
145
372
1227
554
297
127
134
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

IEA EUROPE*

3000
120
2500
100
2000
80
1500
60
1000
40
20
500
0
Coal
800
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
4000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
800
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

4500
Industry
2008
Other use
4000
3500
3500
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
IEA EUROPE
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1963.37
607.66
1045.48
192.59
44.27
27.69
41.79
3.12
0.07
0.71
-
2132.49
662.57
982.63
294.46
50.97
85.79
50.69
3.38
0.07
1.92
-
2286.77
630.79
858.18
368.55
75.37
291.38
53.95
5.26
0.41
2.85
0.03
2473.99
466.31
923.71
559.35
98.23
348.01
65.69
7.83
3.82
0.49
0.54
2602.39
479.28
903.95
640.45
147.58
344.66
60.08
9.87
15.39
0.49
0.65
2594.64
446.45
904.83
653.44
153.99
343.34
62.43
10.09
17.87
1.44
0.77
2450.54
398.81
847.15
623.61
160.80
326.32
60.46
10.64
20.21
1.79
0.75
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.90
0.22
-1.15
3.89
3.18
14.85
1.51
3.13
11.14
8.55
-
0.70
-1.90
0.29
3.23
4.05
0.92
0.81
3.68
23.27
-3.71
20.30

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
4808
0.41
454.8
4.32
149.5
245.5
93.9
1616
..
1980
5676
0.38
473.6
4.50
137.5
226.7
101.2
2046
..
1990
7216
0.32
496.2
4.61
116.0
169.8
103.2
2628
..
2000
9057
0.27
518.1
4.78
100.0
100.0
100.0
3192
..
2007
10532
0.25
539.6
4.82
90.5
88.4
97.8
3570
..
2008
10610
0.24
543.0
4.78
89.5
81.7
97.6
3586
..
2009e
10319
0.24
545.1
4.50
86.9
75.1
..
3404
..
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.42
2.16
-1.48
-1.43
0.51
0.50
0.39
0.20
-1.48
-1.43
-2.15
-3.98
0.56
-0.31
2.90
1.74
-
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
136.40
276.37
179.98
2.30
123.53
293.95
188.71
2.67
92.69
222.29
196.46
4.96
44.80
127.89
129.59
3.38
35.74
96.64
132.01
2.62
30.98
92.86
130.91
2.93
24.15
87.56
125.44
4.05
-3.17
-1.80
0.73
6.61
-5.91
-4.73
-2.23
-2.88
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
141.07
341.51
590.99
8.05
127.95
363.56
607.01
9.34
93.45
277.78
649.52
14.68
45.21
160.07
433.64
10.36
36.01
121.30
448.13
7.76
31.26
116.47
439.74
8.68
24.37
109.76
421.65
11.90
-3.37
-1.71
0.79
5.13
-5.90
-4.71
-2.14
-2.88

IEA EUROPE
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
1458.63
246.46
823.83
153.86
40.36
0.07
164.64
29.41
1541.96
214.47
786.98
237.99
43.56
0.10
0.01
209.58
49.26
1588.51
173.55
734.72
290.91
63.12
1.19
0.25
271.55
53.22
1736.31
88.07
805.95
382.26
72.56
1.81
0.96
330.28
54.42
1854.46
81.30
824.56
409.06
85.45
2.37
1.65
371.49
78.58
1828.20
81.27
807.93
400.10
92.93
2.45
1.90
375.43
66.19
1825.26
79.37
801.64
400.03
96.29
2.70
2.11
377.68
65.43
0.50
-2.04
-0.67
3.82
2.67
18.03
2.99
3.55
0.77
-4.25
0.49
1.79
2.37
4.62
12.69
1.85
1.15
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
532.04
126.81
214.57
77.85
7.03
90.40
15.38
508.73
110.74
166.86
97.10
8.39
105.03
20.62
454.64
99.94
81.17
111.00
20.51
0.01
123.24
18.78
459.03
66.22
74.96
140.35
25.20
0.01
0.14
139.29
12.87
464.09
58.64
69.71
128.94
27.49
0.02
0.18
149.58
29.53
466.02
59.49
66.29
132.38
31.57
0.02
0.18
152.78
23.31
440.42
50.89
60.90
123.03
31.14
0.02
0.18
152.22
22.04
-0.92
-1.39
-5.56
2.11
6.50
1.84
1.18
-0.18
-3.68
-1.58
0.57
2.35
16.69
1.18
0.89
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
248.29
9.79
233.42
0.22
297.71
3.63
287.37
0.81
377.07
0.30
368.75
0.43
451.07
0.01
440.01
1.04
487.99
0.01
468.47
2.46
496.71
0.01
473.82
2.72
487.78
0.01
461.25
3.15
2.49
-18.56
2.73
3.99
1.44
-18.65
1.25
11.63
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
4.86
345.30
79.02
144.38
43.30
0.00
5.89
366.05
68.26
116.38
75.52
0.01
7.58
396.56
48.97
93.84
108.25
1.01
9.00
427.52
16.44
90.10
155.96
7.90
9.15
448.86
16.76
80.77
177.32
11.08
9.09
428.07
16.16
64.41
169.28
14.14
9.23
447.74
20.09
72.64
173.80
5.41
2.65
0.82
-2.78
-2.50
5.54
50.72
1.10
0.68
-4.83
-1.41
2.67
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
26.32
0.07
41.14
11.07
136.40
19.20
82.12
7.89
28.45
0.10
0.01
57.95
19.38
149.66
23.11
72.12
14.36
39.83
0.68
0.18
78.04
26.77
157.59
17.87
39.50
38.12
42.65
1.34
0.64
93.56
26.82
176.17
2.00
32.39
50.06
45.17
1.81
1.28
106.22
19.54
206.16
2.08
31.24
63.23
45.18
1.89
1.49
105.69
23.97
203.31
1.79
26.59
59.87
45.92
2.10
1.69
107.65
23.86
215.37
3.47
32.16
64.99
2.47
14.21
3.84
5.33
0.85
-0.42
-4.21
9.71
0.79
6.43
13.26
1.80
-0.64
1.75
-8.70
-1.14
3.01
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.16
24.87
1.17
115.93
4.42
104.59
6.92
1.50
35.55
3.03
128.81
3.08
107.94
17.79
0.44
0.13
0.02
56.55
4.95
142.20
2.44
119.74
20.02
1.76
0.14
0.07
81.46
8.29
159.33
1.42
138.06
19.85
2.64
0.19
0.13
99.01
7.64
165.66
1.93
145.88
17.85
2.88
0.19
0.14
100.21
11.65
169.32
2.20
148.69
18.43
2.85
0.21
0.14
99.12
12.43
165.44
2.20
145.39
17.85
-5.49
4.95
8.88
1.21
-3.44
0.80
6.45
10.89
2.93
10.59
3.17
5.24
0.84
-0.57
1.08
-0.64
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
IEA EUROPE
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
579.5
97.9
-77.4
7.8
608.9
143.1
-75.1
-14.4
516.4
168.2
-60.5
6.7
305.7
195.2
-48.0
13.4
267.0
249.4
-46.8
9.6
257.7
241.6
-39.5
-13.4
241.2
205.9
-33.5
-14.7
-0.7
3.2
-1.4
x
-3.8
2.0
-2.3
x
Primary supply
607.7
662.6
630.8
466.3
479.3
446.5
398.8
0.2
-1.9
5.1
-7.3
-11.5
0.4
-0.0
0.1
..
-341.8
-421.0
-431.8
-367.4
-386.6
-356.4
..
1.4
-1.1

-279.3
-258.2
-21.1
-364.9
-305.7
-59.2
-385.8
-335.8
-50.0
-329.7
-310.3
-19.5
-351.2
-331.0
-20.2
-322.3
-303.5
-18.8
..
..
..
1.9
1.6
5.2
-1.0
-0.6
-5.3
Autoproducers
Gas works
-8.9
-6.8
-3.1
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
..
-6.1
-7.5
-53.7
2.4
-38.9
-17.9
0.8
-49.4
1.6
-37.9
-13.8
0.7
-42.9
-0.8
-32.7
-9.7
0.2
-37.1
-0.2
-30.1
-7.0
0.2
-34.8
-0.1
-28.9
-5.8
0.0
-33.3
-0.1
-27.2
-6.1
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-1.3
-1.0
-3.5
-7.4
-1.4
-10.2
-1.0
-2.5
-6.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
Energy ind. own use
-21.2
-18.3
-13.1
-10.1
-10.0
-9.6
..
-2.8
-1.7
-3.3
-1.5
-0.8
-1.1
-1.3
-1.3
..
246.5
214.5
173.6
88.1
81.3
79.4
..
-2.0
-4.3
126.8
51.8
14.1
13.5
4.1
110.7
42.3
12.8
16.0
3.4
99.9
39.5
11.3
17.7
3.8
66.2
27.5
4.4
11.3
2.2
59.5
24.4
3.6
9.8
1.8
50.9
23.9
4.5
8.9
1.9
..
..
..
..
..
-1.4
-1.6
-1.3
1.6
-0.5
-3.7
-2.7
-5.0
-3.8
-3.8
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
9.8
3.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
-18.6
-18.6
105.4
19.2
79.0
97.0
23.1
68.3
70.9
17.9
49.0
20.4
2.0
16.4
19.6
1.8
16.2
26.3
3.5
20.1
..
..
..
-2.3
-0.4
-2.8
-5.4
-8.7
-4.8
4.4
3.1
2.4
1.4
2.2
2.2
..
-3.4
-0.6
IEA EUROPE
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
360.16
252.42
203.10
49.33
6.57
2.28
0.01
1.63
39.59
4.40
3.13
13.41
0.84
17.80
47.57
0.08
359.80
279.83
242.08
37.75
2.02
0.09
3.58
0.41
40.18
4.20
5.66
16.52
2.18
11.63
28.26
0.05
277.98
224.33
214.47
9.87
0.84
7.29
31.95
4.03
3.06
9.94
1.79
13.14
13.41
0.01
286.70
232.70
223.67
9.03
0.45
7.69
29.46
4.87
3.49
6.56
1.64
12.91
12.72
0.15
300.75
244.79
235.18
9.61
0.46
8.07
31.74
5.09
2.88
6.75
1.59
15.44
13.63
0.08
303.03
243.01
233.06
9.96
0.36
7.71
34.11
4.19
2.58
8.47
1.36
17.52
14.21
0.19
273.15
217.64
208.64
9.01
0.34
7.56
24.03
3.93
3.68
7.64
1.48
7.31
19.26
0.20
-0.01
0.86
1.47
-2.20
-9.37
-23.82
72.95
-10.93
0.12
-0.40
5.05
1.75
8.26
-3.48
-4.25
-3.32
-1.52
-1.39
-0.82
-7.65
-9.44
4.24
-2.82
-0.36
-2.37
-4.19
-2.13
-2.55
-2.11
7.86
145.14
7.14
6.19
0.95
135.41
2.46
0.14
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.27
-
129.44
18.23
14.32
3.91
107.92
1.45
0.26
1.97
1.63
0.34
0.14
-
92.80
13.37
10.17
3.20
73.01
1.78
2.64
0.24
0.00
0.00
2.39
0.10
0.23
81.34
12.70
10.73
1.97
64.76
2.81
0.80
0.23
0.57
0.13
0.22
84.75
12.20
9.95
2.25
69.26
2.74
0.48
0.26
0.22
0.11
0.23
87.12
13.48
11.40
2.08
69.57
3.38
0.47
0.21
0.01
0.25
0.08
0.23
83.12
10.52
8.78
1.73
68.72
2.80
0.70
0.50
0.01
0.19
0.12
0.22
-0.95
8.12
7.23
12.52
-1.87
-17.08
24.42
57.52
8.07
-5.56
-
-2.43
-3.01
-2.68
-4.41
-2.48
3.71
-5.59
-6.34
-3.19
-0.87
-
591.89
359.55
343.49
16.06
134.34
6.40
48.24
1.12
14.37
1.65
4.04
27.07
28.55
0.83
659.79
462.88
436.44
26.44
108.97
2.83
40.44
1.40
10.72
1.64
1.96
24.71
39.46
0.58
441.80
404.51
398.29
6.22
12.18
1.35
13.92
0.22
3.13
0.65
0.47
9.46
7.88
0.02
441.28
409.37
403.35
6.02
12.44
1.49
8.78
0.09
2.99
0.34
0.43
4.94
7.72
0.04
435.21
400.52
394.68
5.84
13.04
1.51
9.95
0.08
3.01
0.52
0.35
6.00
8.99
0.04
449.09
415.26
410.00
5.26
12.26
1.49
8.88
0.09
1.87
0.61
0.37
5.95
9.11
0.04
436.69
404.58
398.33
6.25
12.84
1.64
8.60
0.07
2.00
0.62
0.36
5.55
7.55
0.04
0.91
2.13
2.02
4.24
-1.73
-6.57
-1.46
1.91
-2.41
-0.03
-5.84
-0.76
2.73
-2.94
-2.27
-0.75
-0.51
-7.70
-11.20
-3.00
-8.24
-15.14
-8.91
-5.26
-9.06
-7.96
-8.78
-14.44

IEA EUROPE
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
97.87
70.11
..
..
5.30
22.46
143.14
117.94
49.56
68.37
5.73
19.48
168.15
150.67
56.93
93.74
5.08
0.10
12.30
195.23
179.02
56.67
122.34
1.87
0.10
14.24
227.17
213.54
53.45
160.09
1.01
0.13
12.49
247.90
234.19
56.80
177.39
1.10
0.12
12.49
249.39
234.88
59.00
175.88
1.09
0.18
13.24
241.64
227.53
59.35
168.18
1.28
0.23
12.60
205.87
196.89
40.65
156.24
0.95
0.22
7.81
77.44
52.78
..
..
1.43
23.23
75.08
51.51
20.95
30.56
4.54
0.00
19.03
60.46
42.05
19.56
22.49
4.28
0.12
14.00
48.02
38.28
9.76
28.52
1.31
0.06
8.37
41.66
32.06
6.47
25.58
0.65
0.05
8.90
47.58
34.42
7.88
26.54
0.87
0.04
12.25
46.77
34.14
7.07
27.07
0.74
0.02
11.88
39.45
27.40
5.87
21.53
0.89
0.01
11.15
33.52
24.67
5.94
18.74
0.70
0.01
8.14
IEA EUROPE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
92461
142666
159758
160696
196233
258396
261143
251932
219888
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
40078
4497
294
909
10550
6190
79
8745
105
52204
9730
1107
695
5219
5025
71
22793
285
55532
10043
2812
774
3141
2570
52
28433
80
52716
13043
4176
2985
37
6573
21067
362
56057
21757
7072
3388
2
3118
16901
24
55726
22012
7028
4562
3
4053
13440
55
58519
23357
7690
4678
3246
15079
91
58980
21803
6426
4366
2532
18242
183
40570
10775
1953
3791
183
2521
15289
641
206
3005
5498
50
256
1441
5532
1
24
46
158
2419
4979
12
85
214
206
526
22
990
2418
2
140
441
388
2327
26
418
53
-
291
206
65
2331
713
815
40
112
70
154
150
1789
668
1059
488
158
328
494
1903
648
1023
75
799
946
260
1174
1681
198
544
614
52383
2955
816
243
6716
15647
2285
499
980
90462
11160
1435
462
3523
15429
2394
16499
2696
104226
9790
832
327
2124
13084
2423
20452
3548
107980
7478
307
1517
844
15609
713
20423
1766
140176
9416
12
2393
431
18590
589
4676
3645
202670
6476
210
1214
436
14922
177
3379
2618
202624
7717
804
1368
389
10863
196
5521
5154
192952
6431
271
1519
585
8523
399
12918
6564
179318
5026
498
2136
417
6703
1375
11128
5901
21
10814
2863
8544
236
1542
26339
1895
6852
2783
9060
194
26099
6115
1475
5920
2307
11231
2409
32967
7285
687
1831
364
242
1887
22490
8230
42828
15298
891
3081
560
5159
2009
28536
20555
55207
57964
2696
1091
396
4784
2506
31761
17115
48586
60015
2139
1305
174
7011
1812
29820
15471
38425
60424
2687
1340
76
5687
856
33962
12753
30576
61118
1856
636
10
4367

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

IEA EUROPE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
35537
25596
19781
18218
9747
8092
7234
6007
6041
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
25095
1283
2383
6331
154
54
4005
804
286
1426
125
122
5126
1826
387
18
89
573
103
15893
1582
1572
2680
241
8
2439
851
134
125
4183
637
254
5
1182
-
11025
1351
858
203
1697
144
3
1017
573
52
3681
649
3
794
-
11983
2
1897
559
871
9
534
634
362
1
1287
3
3
18
10
995
156
896
117
2657
58
310
3
178
421
2
8106
1844
1
214
717
108
1061
1010
4
323
53
538
1570
65
494
100
4
-
7363
1517
4
944
80
208
604
1
94
30
1367
2299
142
73
-
7035
1458
16
1024
8
25
16
580
106
9
1863
1905
25
-
5974
742
125
949
9
23
501
17
1900
1708
-
5683
1332
43
625
474
427
31
5
777
1587
70
10
302
-
2491
15
520
5
1951
3862
861
4
861
2136
4676
1249
100
284
100
1249
1694
6157
790
48
217
5102
1641
143
529
62
2
2
903
729
70
298
361
199
199
32
32
252
13
239
7951
5841
4080
78
106
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

IEA EUROPE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
33590
31963
25276
28034
32159
29279
30463
23979
20827
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
25347
275
2633
274
4161
4095
6035
3171
1
540
1530
52
938
167
15
237
21
244
90
74
149
645
23616
1
1001
1373
1378
3454
2461
1975
4042
15
21
1287
1211
107
1282
286
179
79
389
1666
287
1122
-
20776
1
1216
1471
2282
1387
2815
1167
4942
18
793
600
61
3
1341
339
1
186
198
275
864
52
764
-
22159
12
1050
1414
1874
3214
2559
1152
5655
1
374
20
686
307
50
617
311
304
151
404
129
809
11
1054
1
31202
1643
610
864
2382
1228
2415
15884
2
322
7
468
923
164
363
603
117
5
1217
441
172
20
1351
1
29090
2204
482
42
946
745
567
2708
16273
133
330
88
509
155
30
612
417
126
144
667
145
297
17
1389
64
30063
2255
235
32
1377
821
274
1652
17174
172
254
91
541
806
96
1
869
387
291
228
578
203
303
2
1389
32
23744
1930
318
3
937
639
155
2030
11601
76
216
59
491
1577
81
812
358
482
255
556
128
92
101
847
-
20523
1977
201
7
829
307
210
2265
8268
144
51
556
1234
119
1202
238
786
265
541
101
78
77
176
891
-
85
31
54
1636
13
77
3
188
1355
722
10
1
1
16
375
3
316
4982
37
1
4944
923
2
3
16
2
4
896
176
17
1
1
4
2
13
1
137
397
16
1
275
4
16
85
175
5
22
22
40
86
118
20
2
15
1
80
8158
6711
3778
893
34
13
60
186
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

AUSTRALIA*

200
180
180
160
160
140
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
400
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
Coal/TPES
Renewables
2009e
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
90
80
350
70
300
60
250
50
200
40
150
30
100
20
50
10
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
300
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

450
Industry
2008
Other use
400
250
350
300
200
250
150
200
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
AUSTRALIA
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
81.51
32.26
37.98
4.83
5.04
1.40
-
99.43
39.03
42.96
10.66
5.16
1.59
0.03
-
123.18
49.97
44.57
21.12
5.66
1.74
0.12
-
154.44
68.80
48.79
27.53
7.19
2.01
0.13
-
177.80
79.24
51.78
36.84
7.64
1.75
0.54
-
185.88
82.80
56.29
36.75
7.84
1.46
0.73
-
187.37
79.59
57.65
40.40
7.55
1.42
0.77
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.46
2.61
0.95
9.07
0.68
1.27
-
2.31
2.85
1.31
3.12
1.83
-0.95
10.72
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
175
0.47
13.6
5.99
120.8
107.4
69.5
64
..
1980
210
0.47
14.8
6.72
122.3
107.8
87.1
95
59.3
1990
281
0.44
17.2
7.17
113.3
103.1
106.2
154
79.4
2000
400
0.39
19.3
8.01
100.0
100.0
100.0
210
100.0
2007
505
0.35
21.2
8.41
91.1
91.2
94.7
251
111.7
2008
516
0.36
21.5
8.64
93.1
93.1
95.0
257
115.0
2009e
532
0.35
21.6
8.66
91.2
87.0
..
246
111.7
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.85
3.43
-0.38
-1.08
1.37
1.26
1.07
1.04
-0.38
-1.08
-0.24
-0.57
2.52
-0.62
5.27
2.88
2.08
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
36.14
22.71
9.64
-
38.48
24.76
10.90
-
62.50
74.47
14.61
-
100.89
113.27
20.95
-
138.72
165.28
20.84
-
136.25
172.00
23.00
-
127.00
189.99
20.33
-
4.67
10.40
3.52
-
4.42
4.76
2.55
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
37.67
30.88
30.47
-
40.09
31.52
32.89
-
64.63
93.94
45.99
-
103.75
135.68
67.29
-
142.65
181.93
65.61
-
140.11
185.27
72.40
-
130.60
204.64
64.00
-
4.60
9.72
3.49
-
4.39
3.85
2.55
-

AUSTRALIA
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
56.54
7.05
34.66
3.39
4.99
6.45
-
66.84
5.99
38.46
7.63
5.00
0.03
9.73
-
80.80
6.14
41.43
12.60
4.65
0.12
15.87
-
99.39
5.89
49.59
16.36
6.20
0.12
21.22
-
106.46
5.53
51.34
18.79
5.80
0.08
24.92
-
107.24
5.26
52.32
18.06
6.01
0.20
25.38
-
109.58
5.77
53.42
18.07
6.04
0.22
26.06
-
2.12
-0.81
1.05
8.03
-0.42
5.45
-
1.71
-0.35
1.42
2.02
1.47
3.68
2.79
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
21.81
6.62
7.96
2.25
2.13
2.85
-
25.12
5.68
7.69
5.05
2.71
3.99
-
27.46
5.84
4.13
8.11
2.12
7.27
-
33.97
5.69
5.07
10.23
3.51
9.46
-
37.49
5.31
5.47
11.85
3.67
11.19
-
36.93
5.06
5.57
11.15
3.76
11.40
-
38.40
5.56
6.38
10.97
3.83
11.66
-
1.36
-0.74
-3.79
7.83
-0.04
5.67
-
1.88
-0.27
2.45
1.69
3.34
2.66
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
18.47
0.03
18.36
-
24.04
0.01
23.92
0.00
30.16
0.10
29.82
0.01
36.65
0.13
35.81
0.43
38.68
0.13
37.60
0.54
39.18
0.14
38.00
0.56
39.44
0.15
38.21
0.58
2.93
7.63
2.89
-
1.50
1.98
1.39
22.85
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.08
7.21
0.27
1.13
0.67
0.11
8.63
0.09
1.12
1.58
0.22
10.70
0.02
0.54
2.76
0.29
12.94
0.00 e
0.50
3.66 e
0.08
0.32
13.53
0.00
0.38
4.15
0.15
0.33
13.74
0.00
0.38
4.15
0.16
0.35
14.04
0.00
0.41
4.22
6.13
2.35
-14.63
-4.23
8.73
2.48
1.52
-8.77
-1.50
2.38
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.86
2.29
1.61
0.13
0.16
0.22
2.26
0.03
3.56
3.43
0.22
0.72
0.55
2.53
0.12
4.74
4.98
0.18
0.37
1.07
2.67
0.12
5.99
7.20
0.07 e
0.45
1.55 e
2.03
0.08
6.89
8.56
0.08
0.81
1.35
2.09
0.20
6.91
8.75
0.07
0.84
1.30
2.04
0.22
7.15
8.95
0.06
0.87
1.32
-0.72
4.35
6.86
1.85
5.00
9.80
-1.18
3.54
2.32
3.31
-5.96
4.92
1.15
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.10
3.63
3.38
0.26
0.03
1.90
4.12
3.67
0.45
3.35
5.65
5.01
0.64
0.01
5.13
6.32
5.84
0.49
0.01
0.01
6.29
5.18
4.29
0.89
0.01
0.01
6.52
5.67
4.77
0.89
0.01
0.01
6.68
5.75
4.76
0.99
6.79
2.63
2.35
5.54
3.90
0.09
-0.28
2.42
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
AUSTRALIA
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
1973
1980
1990
2000
57.5
-25.2
-0.0
74.1
0.0
-39.7
4.6
151.6
-96.1
-5.5
235.1 e
-173.5
7.1
32.3
39.0
50.0
0.0
0.1
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2007
2008
2009e
324.8
0.0
-235.4
-10.2
331.2
0.0
-246.6
-1.9
337.3
-256.1
-1.6
5.9
8.2
x
4.4
5.4
x
68.8
79.2
82.8
79.6
2.6
2.8
-0.4
-0.5
-2.5
..
-25.2 e
-32.4 e
-43.4 e
-62.1 e
-72.5
-73.7
..
3.3
3.0

-19.7
-19.7
-
-28.8
-28.1
-0.7
-41.3
-40.4
-0.9
-60.0 e
-59.4 e
-0.7 e
-70.8
-70.7
-0.0
-71.9
-71.9
-0.0
..
..
..
4.4
4.3
-
3.1
3.3
-16.8
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.1
-0.0
-5.4 e
-0.2
-2.4 e
-2.8
-
-3.6 e
-0.2
-2.2 e
-1.2
-
-2.2 e
-0.0
-1.4 e
-0.8
-
-2.0 e
-0.0 e
-1.5
-0.5
-
..
-1.8
-0.1
-1.7
-0.0
-
-1.8
-0.1
-1.7
-0.0
-
..
..
..
..
..
-5.2
-8.3
-3.3
-7.3
-
-1.1
5.5
1.1
-22.2
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.6
Losses
-0.5
-0.5
-0.9
-0.9
..
3.5
..
7.1
6.0
6.1
5.9
5.3
5.8
..
-0.8
-0.3
Iron and steel

Chemical
6.6
3.0 e
0.4
0.9
0.3
5.7
2.9 e
0.3
0.8
0.3
5.8
2.1 e
0.3
0.8
0.3
5.7
1.8 e
0.2 e
0.7 e
0.3
5.1
0.7
0.4
1.0
0.3
5.6
0.7
0.4
1.1
0.3
..
..
..
..
..
-0.7
-2.1
-2.4
-0.7
-0.3
-0.3
-5.7
3.1
1.8
-0.4
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
..
7.6
2.0
Other(7)
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1 e
0.0 e
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
..
..
..
-4.0
1.8
-14.6
-6.2
-6.0
-8.8
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
AUSTRALIA
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
24.24
20.89
20.53
0.36
0.04
3.17
0.37
0.15
0.88
0.28
1.49
0.25
-
43.37
38.20
37.75
0.45
4.85
0.34
0.13
0.97
0.35
3.06
0.15
-
56.03
51.10
50.91
0.19
4.69
0.10
0.09
0.79
0.33
3.39
0.04
-
62.52
56.75
56.75
0.83
4.68
0.10
0.09
1.17
0.41
2.92
0.05
-
63.49
57.77
57.77
0.79
4.71
0.02
0.09
1.19
0.46
2.96
0.04
-
65.32
59.60
59.60
0.81
4.68
0.02
0.09
1.12
0.44
3.02
0.04
-
66.29
60.02
60.02
0.83
5.20
0.02
0.09
1.15
0.42
3.53
0.03
-
4.97
5.16
5.21
1.82
3.59
-0.73
-1.34
0.83
1.89
6.15
-3.93
-
2.39
2.54
2.61
0.39
-15.28
-2.25
0.94
1.04
0.80
-8.86
-
7.22
7.22
-
5.93
5.93
-
4.80
4.80
-
5.35
5.35
-
4.68
4.68
-
5.35
4.55
-
4.55
4.55
-
-1.62
-1.62
-
-1.47
-1.47
-
30.47
27.32
26.32
0.99
2.85
0.31
0.26
0.04
0.00
-
45.99
44.14
43.07
1.07
1.78
0.07
0.03
0.00
0.05
-
67.29
66.34
65.25
1.09
0.96
-
67.15
66.29
66.29
0.90
0.00
0.00
-
67.74
67.09
67.09
0.69
0.00
0.00
-
65.61
61.67
61.67
0.65
0.00
0.00
-
72.40
61.77
61.77
0.61
0.00
0.00
-
3.49
4.08
4.19
0.62
-3.84
-11.23
0.96
-
2.55
1.88
2.02
-5.78
-18.11
-

AUSTRALIA
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
10.83
67.03
..
14.47
144.85
..
29.05
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
29.69
67.03
..
34.33
..
29.57
144.85
..
56.81
..
..
..
..
95.78
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry
(Australian dollars / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
8.91
80.22
..
11.97
174.24
..
35.11
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
25.19
80.22
..
38.52
..
25.22
174.24
..
64.06
..
..
..
..
157.84
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
..
..
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
-
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.01
25.21
25.21
..
..
-
39.73
39.60
32.15
7.45
0.12
96.07
95.54
55.58
39.96
0.53
173.46
173.45
96.43
77.02
0.02
226.49
226.49
120.48
106.01
0.00
226.95
226.95
116.02
110.93
-
235.43
235.43
127.55
107.88
-
246.55
246.55
133.15
113.40
-
256.09
256.09
121.79
134.30
-
AUSTRALIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
31029
49382
57750
74291
99161
119312
131164
136924
125243
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
29145
374
1173
191
1319
22640
1330
10
992
593
469
54
41695
16
2106
2055
29251
3064
1380
1186
516
2121
-
43802
1054
1917
25
1181
28579
4944
713
694
702
912
3081
-
53792
1524
2310
204
2752
30774
9032
703
129
896
535
1608
3325
-
73195
1833
3739
2619
2914
39174
10358
666
2194
1767
992
1451
5488
-
77778
1994
377
3329
1843
2260
43949
7704
1513
7009
1570
1170
1098
3925
37
79350
1923
284
3444
2287
48689
6254
1019
7139
1735
1258
1563
3755
-
85364
2927
304
3056
1618
150
2255
50203
8356
857
6242
2464
1302
1845
3785
-
72067
1572
366
1487
1376
1502
42217
13049
478
3495
620
992
1712
3201
-
1884
164
981
32
675
32
-
7687
958
1990
312
2042
595
688
99
192
680
131
13948
1291
2798
323
4844
2256
454
500
560
734
188
20499
3448
3851
459
9555
710
597
850
211
818
-
25756
4988
6273
10588
1554
1058
174
1051
70
32690
3173
7717
225
16122
194
71
499
1229
2856
383
221
41162
3052
8036
498
19534
273
334
2289
1473
2975
396
2302
40652
3866
6392
366
24229
281
410
2016
1057
1534
501
-
48797
4193
2659
142
24279
146
74
1234
612
14788
527
143
210
8844
10652
10908
4379
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

AUSTRALIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
5522
39259
45646
62411
87801
111984
112424
115265
136502
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
4809
150
682
458
1489
320
932
778
28847
771
2557
508
591
125
226
15256
5453
2464
455
441
-
37656
129
1149
934
125
133
26569
3633
4236
205
155
29
328
31
49573
1116
1076
276
61
121
366
34556
9662
1562
264
110
44
25
142
192
66574
428
142
434
72
110
284
428
47449
11452
2550
16
1445
83
55
1499
127
87658
278
741
59599
20239
4762
301
82
1069
69
425
93
83378
54
160
1202
129
254
58813
15061
5069
797
85
986
101
600
67
88785
41
684
527
66959
18552
818
187
80
545
253
71
68
96356
151
62577
30142
2176
934
376
-
193
76
117
-
8748
3761
93
577
99
2189
2029
-
7990
158
3046
47
528
33
120
2443
1615
-
12838
5920
695
110
1023
3420
1670
-
21227
10034
2469
2623
1373
1429
3299
-
24326
55
13205
1495
320
826
4072
4353
-
29046
111
16233
744
507
82
671
3229
7469
-
26480
29
18559
661
177
420
1480
5154
-
35248
20302
827
672
9158
1499
2790
520
1664
4898
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

AUSTRALIA
13. Coal export values by destination*
(average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
47.72
44.23
32.85
48.84
88.94
98.27
84.16
194.87
143.83
Exports to:
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other OECD
Non-OECD
51.66
x
x
x
47.00
46.30
x
x
46.76
46.98
50.32
x
x
48.27
50.15
x
50.25
47.25
x
x
44.65
x
x
x
43.07
43.41
x
x
42.06
43.37
44.75
x
49.00
48.65
48.95
x
44.26
45.13
x
x
31.01
x
x
x
33.37
30.46
x
x
34.97
31.64
34.10
x
x
34.81
38.71
x
32.55
33.80
x
x
52.40
x
x
53.57
46.79
52.50
x
32.97
51.40
45.51
52.07
x
x
51.15
55.50
x
52.53
53.67
x
x
104.61
x
x
125.25
96.94
99.12
x
x
102.14
83.74
98.18
x
x
98.95
117.03
x
108.84
100.80
x
x
102.26
x
x
114.87
100.91
117.71
x
x
116.96
94.04
102.32
x
x
111.44
114.40
x
92.04
104.06
x
x
89.48
x
x
104.79
89.99
102.27
66.59
x
99.64
79.50
92.15
x
x
95.80
96.65
x
77.14
91.38
x
x
193.95
x
x
303.82
193.92
240.18
x
x
229.97
193.79
213.20
x
x
231.74
275.66
x
237.21
200.63
x
x
133.96
x
x
151.00
193.51
165.59
x
x
174.51
165.07
196.55
x
x
160.60
146.05
x
161.37
149.63
x
x
Steam coal(1)
38.34
34.99
24.27
37.65
48.86
47.05
51.11
92.23
80.03
Exports to:
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other OECD
Non-OECD
38.42
x
32.29
x
33.82
37.74
x
x
x
40.03
36.31
x
x
32.00
x
x
x
35.45
x
x
33.43
x
24.73
x
32.97
29.61
x
34.14
37.75
36.85
33.03
x
31.12
x
37.85
x
x
x
x
x
20.72
x
17.01
x
19.14
x
24.07
21.21
21.30
24.72
20.65
x
x
21.16
29.22
x
27.11
20.98
x
x
63.04
x
22.50
x
29.77
51.32
x
28.34
31.26
38.45
42.90
x
x
26.26
42.91
x
36.39
35.39
x
x
x
x
44.09
x
45.88
x
x
29.92
x
49.42
60.71
x
x
42.82
67.75
x
x
54.27
x
x
67.08
x
55.39
x
46.28
42.03
x
x
x
50.59
50.50
x
x
51.11
66.81
x
x
46.30
x
x
x
x
x
x
44.93
x
x
75.25
x
54.61
49.60
x
x
71.08
60.32
x
x
x
x
x
153.74
x
x
x
75.81
x
x
129.29
x
103.23
86.94
x
x
122.95
109.33
x
x
125.83
x
x
x
x
87.04
x
67.68
x
x
x
x
88.54
78.94
x
x
44.47
90.88
x
x
65.52
x
x
Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs.
(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights.
AUSTRIA*

60
120
50
100
40
80
30
60
20
40
20
10
0
1971
1976
Coal
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
70
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

80
Industry
2008
Other use
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
AUSTRIA
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
30.68
5.53
17.30
4.72
1.02
2.30
-0.19
-
33.08
5.22
17.26
5.94
1.62
3.53
-0.49
-
35.40
5.85
14.77
7.40
3.54
3.87
0.01
0.02
-0.06
-
40.74
5.13
16.69
9.31
4.49
5.14
0.03
0.10
-0.17
-
47.50
5.47
19.01
9.97
7.28
4.51
0.05
0.41
0.81
0.01
47.49
5.20
18.16
10.67
7.74
4.66
0.06
0.42
0.60
0.01
46.32
4.32
18.04
10.84
7.69
4.80
0.06
0.48
0.10
0.01
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.85
0.34
-0.93
2.68
7.57
3.10
-6.89
-
1.65
-0.66
1.15
2.05
4.44
1.04
14.15
17.98
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
99
0.31
7.6
4.04
145.9
208.6
93.9
31
43.5
1980
120
0.27
7.5
4.38
129.1
161.4
100.5
42
53.2
1990
149
0.24
7.7
4.61
111.5
146.2
105.1
49
69.9
2000
191
0.21
8.0
5.08
100.0
100.0
100.0
60
100.0
2007
222
0.21
8.3
5.72
100.6
91.9
98.3
62
133.2
2008
226
0.21
8.3
5.70
98.5
85.5
96.4
64
135.6
2009e
223
0.21
8.3
5.56
97.3
71.9
..
66
119.6
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.45
2.35
-1.57
-0.68
0.07
0.46
0.77
1.18
-1.57
-0.68
-2.07
-2.94
0.67
-0.48
2.78
1.49
2.83
3.75
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
1.35
-
1.20
-
0.91
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
-3.25
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
3.08
-
2.87
-
2.45
0.00
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.88
-

AUSTRIA
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
23.73
2.84
14.21
2.58
0.99
3.11
-
26.63
2.77
13.94
4.09
1.51
4.06
0.27
28.18
1.90
12.65
4.36
3.12
0.01
0.02
5.25
0.87
33.65
1.25
14.74
6.12
3.56
0.01
0.09
6.42
1.47
38.78
0.92
17.32
6.69
4.54
0.01
0.14
7.16
2.00
38.33
0.86
16.87
6.38
4.75
0.01
0.15
7.31
2.00
38.40
0.84
16.27
6.75
4.92
0.01
0.16
7.32
2.12
1.02
-2.33
-0.68
3.14
7.00
3.14
-
1.73
-4.42
1.41
2.46
2.57
2.61
12.07
1.86
5.04
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
7.46
1.06
3.19
1.68
0.05
1.49
-
7.04
1.30
1.42
2.27
0.30
1.74
-
7.39
0.91
0.96
2.33
0.87
2.21
0.11
8.61
0.89
0.81
3.00
1.20
2.54
0.17
10.30
0.72
1.12
3.35
1.54
3.28
0.29
10.56
0.70
1.09
3.41
1.65
3.42
0.28
10.57
0.67
1.12
3.50
1.62
3.37
0.29
-0.05
-0.90
-6.80
1.96
18.45
2.35
-
2.01
-1.64
0.84
2.28
3.55
2.37
5.34
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
5.53
0.16
5.12
0.03
5.84
0.02
5.49
0.05
6.95
0.00
6.46
0.14
9.40
0.00
8.62
0.33
11.88
10.81
0.28
12.10
10.95
0.28
11.51
10.16
0.35
1.36
-21.12
1.38
9.94
2.84
2.55
5.39
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
0.22
8.17
1.54
4.33
0.62
0.00
0.28
7.28
1.29
3.11
0.59
0.01
0.34
8.28
0.92
2.44
1.11
0.02
0.43
9.27
0.31
2.46
1.94
0.39
0.40
9.56
0.15
2.30
1.72
0.48
0.39
9.04
0.11
1.94
1.64
0.60
0.39
9.27
0.12
2.00
1.68
5.41
2.73
0.08
-2.97
-3.33
3.51
26.44
0.83
0.63
-10.76
-1.08
2.31
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.93
0.75
0.71
0.06
0.02
0.07
1.21
1.08
2.62
0.15
1.20
0.43
1.98
0.01
1.46
0.35
2.50
0.03
0.56
0.27
2.04
0.05
1.74
0.73
3.30
0.04
0.53
0.48
2.27
0.09
2.09
0.94
3.64
0.03
0.53
0.93
2.26
0.10
2.07
0.92
3.31
0.02
0.39
0.69
2.33
0.11
2.08
0.95
3.79
0.03
0.60
0.82
4.54
4.03
7.70
-4.11
21.96
8.32
0.90
12.95
2.00
5.68
2.33
-1.06
0.43
6.47
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.56
1.76
0.00
1.56
0.19
0.83
2.30
0.00
1.56
0.73
0.11
0.01
0.01
1.12
0.40
2.22
0.01
1.70
0.50
0.11
0.01
0.04
1.55
0.56
2.26
0.01
1.89
0.35
0.09
0.01
0.05
1.25
0.75
2.57
0.02
2.17
0.39
0.08
0.01
0.06
1.28
0.78
2.48
0.02
2.12
0.34
0.08
0.01
0.06
1.32
0.87
2.41
0.02
2.01
0.38
4.15
1.39
12.38
0.50
5.85
-1.67
2.61
10.74
0.95
4.33
0.45
2.29
0.92
-1.56
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
AUSTRIA
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1.5
4.4
-0.1
-0.2
1.2
4.0
-0.0
0.0
0.9
4.5
-0.0
0.4
0.4
4.4
-0.1
0.4
0.0
5.9
-0.1
-0.3
0.0
5.6
-0.0
-0.4
4.9
-0.0
-0.6
-2.7
0.2
-17.0
x
-35.9
1.2
4.6
x
Primary supply
5.5
5.2
5.9
5.1
5.5
5.2
4.3
0.3
-0.7
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
..
-2.4 e
-2.3 e
-3.3 e
-3.1 e
-3.7
-3.3
..
1.9
0.0

Autoproducers
-1.2
-1.0
-0.2
-1.2
-1.0
-0.2
-2.4
-2.1
-0.3
-2.0
-1.6
-0.4
-2.4
-1.9
-0.5
-2.1
-1.6
-0.5
..
..
..
4.0
4.2
3.3
-0.7
-1.4
2.5
Gas works
-0.1
-0.1
-1.1 e
0.1
-1.0 e
-0.1
-
-1.0 e
-0.9 e
-0.1
-
-0.9 e
-0.7 e
-0.1
-
-1.1 e
-1.0 e
-0.1
-
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
-1.3
-1.2
-0.1
-
-1.2
-1.1
-0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
-1.1
-2.1
3.0
-
1.7
2.3
-3.6
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.2
-0.1
-0.7
-0.7
-0.8
-1.0
..
6.1
2.1
Losses
-0.1
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
..
2.8
2.8
1.9
1.3
0.9
0.8
..
-2.3
-4.4
Iron and steel

Chemical
1.1
0.7 e
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.3
1.1 e
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.6 e
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.5 e
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-0.9
-1.6
-1.3
7.5
4.4
-1.6
-2.9
-0.1
0.2
0.5
Transport(6)
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
-21.1
Other(7)
Residential
1.6
0.1
1.5
1.4
0.2
1.3
1.0
0.0
0.9
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
..
..
..
-2.9
-4.1
-3.0
-10.0
-1.1
-10.8
Non-energy use
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
12.4
2.3
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
AUSTRIA
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.32
-
1.82
1.42
1.37
0.05
0.21
0.01
0.20
0.00
0.19
0.00
1.85
1.42
1.36
0.06
0.31
0.06
0.17
0.09
0.08
0.00
2.16
1.89
1.84
0.04
0.21
0.00
0.04
0.09
0.09
0.06
0.00
2.35
2.00
1.94
0.06
0.30
0.01
0.03
0.14
0.12
0.00
0.05
0.00
2.29
1.98
1.94
0.04
0.28
0.01
0.02
0.16
0.10
0.03
0.00
1.97
1.74
1.70
0.04
0.22
0.00
0.02
0.14
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.00
14.21
83.11
82.59
15.22
21.10
-4.28
-
0.45
1.12
1.19
-1.29
0.34
5.70
-1.93
20.80
-12.77
-3.78
2.01
2.01
-
2.34
2.34
-
1.88
1.88
-
1.90
1.90
-
1.89
1.89
-
1.90
1.90
-
1.86
1.86
-
1.28
1.28
-
-1.25
-1.25
-
2.99
2.03
1.99
0.04
0.03
0.21
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.15
0.03
0.63
-
2.50
2.13
2.08
0.05
0.15
0.01
0.13
0.00
0.22
-
1.38
1.23
1.19
0.04
0.11
0.04
0.07
0.05
-
1.27
1.14
1.12
0.02
0.13
0.07
0.06
0.01
-
0.75
0.66
0.66
0.00
0.09
0.08
0.00
0.01
-
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.00
-
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.00
-
-1.47
0.43
0.37
2.75
-2.72
2.69
-1.05
-15.69
-8.51
-
-17.03
-3.03
12.03
-22.92
-

AUSTRIA
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
173.19
69.15
74.24
176.96
120.07
164.82
80.98
92.64
115.57
56.94
51.28
..
92.70
132.84
..
98.23
164.85
..
101.93
160.66
..
129.35
249.60
..
127.50
192.89
..
90.20
..
74.62
..
73.76
119.83
..
131.06
..
118.88
78.84
..
87.74
..
121.26
54.73
..
..
128.14
..
178.69
..
..
258.08
..
181.33
..
..
305.62
..
203.12
..
..
346.28
..
249.48
..
..
490.10
..
243.28
..
..
355.95
..
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
172.67
100.14
100.80
157.05
154.79
199.20
63.15
104.94
122.74
58.33
76.31
..
70.45
146.66
..
73.92
180.19
..
70.25
160.84
..
83.53
234.14
..
86.65
190.41
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
93.75
..
108.06
..
100.14
110.87
..
168.96
..
143.67
64.10
..
99.39
..
128.78
58.45
..
..
190.67
..
141.58
..
..
284.92
..
142.25
..
..
334.05
..
145.95
..
..
346.68
..
167.96
..
..
459.75
..
172.36
..
..
351.38
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
4.38
2.87
..
..
0.20
1.31
4.01
2.71
2.23
0.48
0.12
1.18
4.54
3.53
2.36
1.18
0.01
0.99
4.38
3.32
1.72
1.60
0.03
1.03
5.72
4.23
2.05
2.19
0.06
1.42
5.41
4.02
1.79
2.23
0.08
1.31
5.85
4.32
1.85
2.48
0.07
1.46
5.60
3.99
1.92
2.07
0.06
1.55
4.92
4.00
1.65
2.35
0.06
0.86
0.08
..
..
0.00
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
AUSTRIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
2307
3599
3609
2994
3409
4121
4428
4063
4085
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
2006
662
205
470
-
2483
652
147
784
503
-
2376
746
566
456
-
1778
1778
-
1738
1187
551
-
1806
910
604
292
-
1860
850
605
405
-
1931
1044
377
510
-
1661
1011
650
-
669
-
397
-
608
-
301
8
260
-
1116
66
57
949
19
-
1233
29
1189
9
1216
15
10
1087
9
1671
307
6
1358
-
2315
905
19
1317
14
4
2568
909
26
1449
55
-
2132
944
28
1050
16
2424
1114
39
469
286
16
33
-
25
6
-
95
-
53
1
2
121
7
1
53
41
-
4
26
445
25
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

AUSTRIA
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
214.20
68.06
98.33
85.39
206.11
..
307.83
295.92
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
98.50
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
242.07
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
206.11
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal(3)
..
66.80
44.57
85.27
116.18
106.63
114.81
170.22
148.12
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
63.72
73.62
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.50
45.11
..
..
..
..
..
9110.53
..
90.16
81.75
1198.19
..
..
..
128.71
..
406.70
129.52
100.29
155.09
..
..
133.90
70.33
..
401.61
115.10
95.32
141.99
291.30
..
..
84.00
135.44
..
116.79
106.74
159.43
472.80
..
117.62
118.57
..
321.27
165.34
165.52
185.60
505.58
..
..
177.48
..
..
144.57
133.63
173.85
..
..
..
175.05
BELGIUM*

90
140
80
120
70
100
60
80
50
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
1971
1976
Coal
20
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
18
18
16
16
14
14
12
12
10
10
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
100
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
20
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

90
140
Industry
2008
Other use
120
80
100
70
60
80
50
60
40
30
40
20
20
10
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
BELGIUM
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
65.70
15.97
39.55
10.20
0.01
0.03
0.02
-0.09
-
66.81
16.28
33.34
12.73
0.08
4.67
0.03
-0.32
-
68.98
15.10
25.65
11.67
1.08
15.91
0.03
0.00
0.00
-0.46
-
83.58
11.25
33.23
19.09
1.48
17.93
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.53
-
81.46
6.06
32.14
21.32
2.95
17.95
0.05
0.00
0.07
0.83
0.09
83.69
6.21
34.40
21.19
3.38
16.96
0.05
0.00
0.09
1.30
0.09
79.65
4.58
32.83
20.96
3.63
17.59
0.05
0.00
0.15
-0.23
0.09
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.29
-0.33
-2.52
0.79
30.09
45.13
2.63
9.84
-
1.08
-4.81
1.64
3.37
6.56
0.36
2.43
2.75
23.50
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
127
0.52
9.7
6.76
143.6
259.4
80.6
41
65.7
1980
153
0.44
9.9
6.78
121.5
219.9
85.0
53
70.6
1990
187
0.37
10.0
6.92
102.8
167.1
93.2
70
85.9
2000
232
0.36
10.2
8.16
100.0
100.0
100.0
83
100.0
2007
266
0.31
10.6
7.67
85.2
47.1
93.4
88
112.2
2008
269
0.31
10.7
7.82
86.6
47.7
92.2
84
111.6
2009e
263
0.30
10.8
7.39
84.1
35.9
..
90
96.5
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.28
2.05
-1.95
-0.95
0.15
0.40
0.14
0.68
-1.95
-0.95
-2.55
-6.72
0.86
-0.06
3.28
0.97
1.59
1.47
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
3.81
3.19
-
4.04
2.69
-
1.69
-
0.29
-
0.00
-
-5.18
-
-34.87
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
3.81
4.90
-
4.04
3.98
-
2.36
-
0.38
-
0.00
-
-5.92
-
-35.04
-

BELGIUM
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
48.19
8.15
28.80
6.58
4.20
0.46
46.12
6.05
24.08
10.11
5.33
0.56
45.81
5.05
23.04
9.74
0.54
0.00
7.12
0.32
59.12
3.68
29.93
14.52
0.76
0.00
9.53
0.70
58.18
1.49
29.17
15.50
1.18
0.00
10.15
0.68
56.64
1.44
28.12
15.11
1.20
0.01
10.18
0.58
60.51
1.72
31.32
15.23
1.39
0.01
10.16
0.68
-0.30
-2.78
-1.30
2.34
3.15
-2.14
1.56
-5.80
1.72
2.52
5.42
11.42
1.99
4.33
19.41
5.06
7.46
3.68
2.75
0.46
16.00
4.57
3.65
4.33
2.94
0.51
15.02
4.30
2.31
4.12
0.27
3.75
0.27
18.32
3.40
2.29
6.58
0.54
4.90
0.61
15.85
1.31
1.44
6.72
0.87
4.94
0.57
15.78
1.26
1.43
6.94
0.75
4.93
0.47
15.29
1.47
1.02
6.59
0.89
4.79
0.53
-1.50
-0.95
-6.67
0.67
1.83
-3.08
0.10
-5.79
-4.42
2.64
6.79
1.37
3.86
6.31
0.02
6.20
-
7.72
0.00
7.60
-
9.69
9.53
-
11.69
11.52
-
12.06
11.86
-
12.11
11.78
-
13.10
12.75
-
2.55
2.57
-
1.69
1.63
-
0.10
15.78
3.07
10.21
1.56
0.12
13.70
1.47
7.00
3.58
0.15
11.82
0.75
4.98
3.55
0.18
13.53
0.28
5.39
4.70
0.20
12.73
0.18
4.50
4.94
0.13
0.21
11.58
0.16
3.74
4.68
0.14
0.21
12.54
0.22
4.80
4.71
2.53
-1.68
-7.99
-4.14
4.95
1.80
0.33
-6.56
-0.20
1.59
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.93
1.52
0.59
0.51
1.61
0.02
4.25
2.23
1.34
0.26
2.26
0.03
4.11
1.65
1.48
0.22
0.00
2.92
0.02
4.92
1.19
2.21
0.30
0.00
2.79
0.02
6.16
1.56
2.41
0.29
0.01
2.69
0.02
5.59
1.33
1.95
0.32
0.01
2.45
0.02
6.74
1.65
2.42
5.34
6.02
6.20
6.42
1.06
0.46
-1.30
2.79
0.00
2.78
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.41
4.52
3.69
0.83
0.65
0.03
3.73
2.87
0.86
0.96
0.02
4.48
3.88
0.60
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.02
9.63
8.60
1.03
0.01
0.00
2.11
0.07
10.15
0.00
8.92
1.22
0.01
0.00
2.23
0.07
10.28
0.03
8.95
1.30
0.01
0.00
2.56
0.10
11.63
0.03
10.33
1.27
5.08
-0.06
0.29
-1.87
5.61
9.24
5.45
5.59
4.28
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
BELGIUM
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
9.2
7.6
-1.1
0.3
6.7
11.5
-1.2
-0.7
1.7
15.3
-1.6
-0.3
0.3
11.8
-1.6
0.7
7.2
-1.4
0.2
0.0
7.8
-1.2
-0.4
7.3
-3.1
0.4
-9.5
4.2
2.2
x
-34.9
-3.7
-1.7
x
Primary supply
16.0
16.3
15.1
11.3
6.1
6.2
4.6
-0.3
-4.8
1.5
-0.4
-0.0
-0.5
0.6
0.2
..
-8.2
-9.1 e
-9.4 e
-6.7 e
-5.0 e
-4.4 e
..
0.8
-4.1

Autoproducers
-3.9
-3.9
-
-5.5
-4.8
-0.7
-6.5
-6.0
-0.5
-4.7
-4.5
-0.2
-3.1
-2.8
-0.3
-2.7
-2.2
-0.5
..
..
..
3.0
2.5
-
-4.8
-5.4
-0.3
Gas works
-0.0
..
-4.3
-3.8
-0.6
0.1
-3.6 e
-2.9 e
-0.8
0.0
-2.9 e
-2.3 e
-0.5
0.0 e
-2.0 e
-2.0 e
-0.0
0.0
-1.9 e
-1.6 e
-0.3
0.0
-1.8 e
-1.7 e
-0.1
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
-2.3
-2.7
-0.6
-34.9
-2.6
-1.9
-8.1
20.1
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
-1.1
-0.8
-0.7
-0.3
-0.3
-0.2
..
-2.6
-6.5
..
8.2
6.0
5.1
3.7
1.4
1.7
..
-2.8
-5.8
Iron and steel

Chemical
5.1
3.5
0.1
1.0
-
4.6
2.9 e
0.1
1.5
0.0
4.3
2.9 e
0.2
0.8
0.0
3.4
2.8 e
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.9 e
0.2
0.0
1.5
1.1 e
0.2
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
-1.0
-1.1
2.2
-1.0
-
-5.8
-5.1
-6.8
-1.2
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
..
Other(7)
3.1
3.1
1.5
1.5
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
..
..
..
-8.0
-8.0
-6.5
-6.6
0.0
0.0
..
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
BELGIUM
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
8.76
4.44
4.18
0.26
0.12
0.03
2.66
0.17
0.03
2.44
0.02
1.63
-
9.00
6.64
6.34
0.30
0.00
0.41
1.37
0.10
0.14
0.87
0.05
0.22
0.70
-
7.00
4.37
4.31
0.07
0.01
0.98
0.98
0.48
0.36
0.04
0.10
0.30
-
4.29
3.05
2.98
0.06
0.01
0.48
0.36
0.12
0.12
0.04
0.08
0.19
0.01
3.43
2.61
2.54
0.07
0.01
0.47
0.28
0.05
0.13
0.03
0.07
0.18
0.01
3.07
2.25
2.19
0.05
0.00
0.40
0.28
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.09
0.16
0.03
2.98
1.95
1.87
0.09
0.01
0.40
0.37
0.08
0.17
0.04
0.08
0.23
0.03
0.22
3.41
3.53
1.22
-32.76
-5.39
-4.36
13.74
-8.25
20.19
-6.77
-
-5.96
-6.57
-6.57
-6.58
10.47
-0.15
-7.05
-1.53
-8.59
-0.49
-5.62
-6.00
-
7.52
0.20
0.18
0.02
7.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
-
7.16
7.16
-
4.05
3.86
-
3.26
3.37
-
3.75
3.66
0.00
0.00
-
3.45
3.43
0.01
0.01
0.00
-
2.91
2.82
-
-0.42
-0.03
-
-4.87
-5.05
-
0.28
0.28
0.28
-
0.22
0.22
0.22
-
0.21
0.21
0.01
0.20
-
0.29
0.29
0.00
0.29
-
0.32
0.32
0.32
-
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.00
-
0.10
0.04
0.04
-

BELGIUM
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
53.08
66.67
65.42
62.51
128.76
123.12
59.60
91.13
96.10
42.95
129.79
c
105.36
x
c
82.93
x
c
99.07
x
c
171.19
x
c
100.77
x
c
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
29.62
63.67
66.67
..
71.79
42.87
66.51
128.76
..
117.89
55.41
61.72
91.13
102.02
112.22
..
47.21
129.79
117.76
c
..
..
x
220.57
c
..
..
x
251.62
c
..
..
x
289.79
..
..
..
x
444.57
435.38
..
..
x
300.97
324.60
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
31.61
72.53
65.69
34.56
130.02
114.77
37.68
105.23
102.43
35.54
196.15
c
64.68
x
c
50.40
x
c
55.15
x
c
89.29
x
c
55.31
x
c
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
18.34
49.73
72.53
..
72.09
24.64
48.22
130.02
..
109.89
36.42
51.17
105.23
117.80
119.61
..
51.22
196.15
177.97
c
..
..
x
247.31
c
..
..
x
279.32
c
..
..
x
294.66
..
..
..
x
423.54
382.88
..
..
x
301.74
300.40
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
7.60
6.36
..
..
1.24
11.49
10.13
4.17
5.96
0.03
1.33
15.33
14.37
7.13
7.24
0.08
0.88
11.84
10.66
3.82
6.84
0.06
1.12
8.37
8.14
3.53
4.61
0.06
0.17
7.67
7.49
3.49
4.00
0.08
0.10
7.21
6.89
3.25
3.64
0.09
0.23
7.79
6.88
2.99
3.89
0.08
0.83
7.28
6.70
2.38
4.32
0.07
0.51
1.10
0.60
..
..
0.50
1.23
0.47
0.18
0.30
0.76
1.60
0.68
0.68
0.92
1.59
1.28
0.09
1.20
0.30
1.10
1.06
0.03
1.03
0.03
1.12
0.93
0.01
0.92
0.19
1.39
1.28
0.01
1.27
0.11
1.17
1.05
1.05
0.12
3.15
2.98
0.91
2.07
0.00
0.17
BELGIUM
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
7007
9320
14761
14099
11347
8056
7415
7436
7321
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
3490
209
148
59
1751
392
22
833
15
4663
16
94
1028
540
2951
-
7132
1015
236
690
105
32
4897
-
5267
1614
205
20
66
3171
15
3818
1109
678
74
1898
-
3490
1647
351
23
1468
-
3247
1739
175
1326
6
2993
1624
60
1221
65
2379
336
14
1293
4
15
46
-
34
-
157
-
176
-
59
-
16
6
1
732
-
3517
26
2316
105
129
72
4657
205
28
1067
59
39
671
246
7629
388
66
721
242
67
981
60
8832
1283
20
301
318
66
983
75
7529
2354
12
118
225
76
309
48
4566
490
88
299
38
367
45
4168
581
11
97
6
38
403
46
4443
631
141
49
632
46
4942
444
159
83
102
745
185
606
233
30
112
51
2078
73
28
292
170
6
4365
234
1
36
299
269
4855
154
111
17
81
-
167
431
11
3028
705
19
3
23
-
27
4
2260
786
143
19
-
15
27
275
1641
1010
17
1
24
209
1931
551
218
10
1
1
105
1326
1504
95
124
69

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

BELGIUM
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
122
1075
724
818
1340
1069
1464
1213
2370
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
122
61
1
21
1
13
6
18
1
-
1021
2
317
345
14
2
79
87
21
7
28
18
101
-
724
1
360
67
5
61
179
4
43
4
-
818
352
204
50
182
25
3
2
-
1340
2
609
495
7
40
136
6
15
15
15
-
1068
270
365
23
389
2
1
15
3
-
1462
263
409
1
46
737
2
1
3
-
1213
293
208
24
582
12
92
2
-
2366
2
719
650
93
774
5
28
4
3
88
-
54
2
52
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

BELGIUM
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
63.93
57.74
44.05
78.98
108.68
126.85
120.51
163.26
146.61
63.54
63.80
254.00
60.08
62.61
..
..
54.18
..
58.30
56.91
..
57.96
58.28
63.59
..
49.03
..
38.58
43.97
..
..
52.54
..
..
41.49
..
75.15
73.50
..
105.22
69.24
309.94
..
49.63
132.29
125.12
148.24
..
133.14
96.51
285.09
..
67.23
75.13
150.51
153.27
..
131.24
101.04
229.39
..
59.63
67.34
135.93
136.78
..
..
104.33
163.87
..
78.76
91.44
184.60
..
..
..
141.00
241.46
114.10
139.94
172.22
314.05
166.36
..
..
140.30
..
..
79.53
..
Steam coal(3)
45.57
47.94
39.88
66.29
70.83
70.95
82.81
150.58
109.92
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
50.57
57.14
..
48.40
51.01
48.49
51.92
44.88
44.83
45.93
66.64
..
46.66
49.77
45.65
53.17
43.64
43.65
40.41
42.87
..
31.66
48.91
58.92
35.18
36.80
37.03
75.32
..
..
69.33
73.93
72.40
62.64
64.17
71.06
97.75
102.49
..
63.56
..
..
73.98
68.15
67.19
100.18
..
..
57.55
66.92
..
68.14
66.67
63.23
90.32
72.46
..
158.69
90.95
653.12
84.14
80.05
82.65
199.82
..
..
270.57
140.60
..
195.17
128.43
139.75
272.28
95.33
..
72.53
139.10
295.33
152.05
97.91
89.68
Coking coal
(1)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
CANADA*

450
160
400
140
350
120
300
100
250
80
200
60
150
40
100
20
50
0
1971
1976
Coal
70
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
Coal/TPES
Renewables
2009e
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
50
45
60
40
50
35
30
40
25
30
20
15
20
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
700
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

600
600
Industry
2008
Other use
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
CANADA
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
227.63
21.80
113.41
53.25
11.16
5.82
23.91
-1.72
-
275.14
30.32
126.46
65.07
10.92
14.86
30.86
-3.35
-
298.11
34.68
109.31
78.18
11.82
27.71
36.46
0.00
-0.04
-
2000
359.20
45.23
124.43
106.05
16.69
27.10
44.05
0.04 e
-4.38
-
2007
2008
2009e
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
388.71
37.73
141.67
115.14
17.25
34.81
45.54
0.38
-3.80
-
381.10
37.53
137.74
110.07
17.31
34.98
46.99
0.48
-3.99
-
357.21
30.15
126.10
111.02
15.09
33.67
45.08
0.47
-4.37
-
1.60
2.77
-0.22
2.28
0.34
9.62
2.51
-19.53
-
2009e
858
0.42
33.5
10.65
84.0
56.3
..
623
84.0
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.07
2.65
-1.43
-1.24
1.23
1.03
0.36
0.34
-1.43
-1.24
-0.29
-2.15
0.76
-1.41
3.47
1.69
1.77
1.77
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1.37
0.44
1.29
1.92
2.14
1.30
1.42
32.07
28.64
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
325
0.70
22.5
10.12
141.3
107.5
101.9
270
51.3
1980
412
0.67
24.5
11.22
134.8
117.9
110.8
373
56.2
1990
544
0.55
27.7
10.77
110.7
102.2
115.8
482
69.1
2000
725
0.50
30.7
11.71
100.0
100.0
100.0
606
100.0
2007
867
0.45
32.9
11.80
90.5
69.8
87.3
642
100.0
2008
870
0.44
33.3
11.44
88.4
69.1
89.7
651
94.7

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
13.39
3.25
7.82
-
13.75
5.82
9.72
-
27.17
9.83
17.18
-
23.92
4.79
20.44
-
23.89
4.08
21.00
-
24.07
3.91
20.07
-
19.52
4.34
20.04
-
6.07
9.66
6.78
-
-0.67
-4.99
0.87
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
13.78
3.36
13.34
-
14.15
6.02
16.52
-
27.66
10.01
30.66
-
28.16
5.64
35.36
-
28.13
4.69
36.55
-
28.34
4.50
34.91
-
22.98
4.98
34.98
-
5.98
9.52
7.18
-
0.14
-4.35
0.72
-

CANADA
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
187.48
7.46
108.07
33.89
10.88
27.04
0.14
221.52
6.18
114.27
51.75
10.60
37.25
1.47
227.24
4.41
98.27
61.86
10.42
51.37
0.91
270.89
5.02
115.40
76.30
13.84
59.17
1.16
281.15
5.18
127.77
72.21
13.76
61.00
1.23
293.33
6.32
130.20
79.47
14.40
61.80
1.15
288.95
6.05
128.00
75.61
14.46
63.74
1.09
1.14
-3.04
-0.56
3.60
-0.25
3.85
11.78
1.34
1.77
1.48
1.12
1.84
1.21
1.01
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
65.02
6.71
20.06
16.95
8.15
13.01
0.14
71.52
5.85
16.56
23.14
7.87
16.67
1.43
67.30
3.87
9.70
24.07
8.13
20.63
0.90
78.56
4.59
9.22
27.59
11.03
24.98
1.15
77.89
4.64
8.60
27.60
10.91
24.99
1.15
81.80
4.76
9.09
32.42
10.80
23.72
1.02
77.78
4.70
8.48
29.67
10.82
23.15
0.96
0.20
-3.18
-4.19
2.08
-0.02
2.75
11.73
0.81
1.08
-0.74
1.17
1.60
0.64
0.33
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
48.00
0.18
47.42
-
63.31
60.70
2.33
61.60
57.06
4.14
74.49
66.95
6.79
79.10
72.51
5.84
82.39
75.03
5.92
81.07
75.01
4.57
1.48
1.09
-
1.54
1.53
0.55
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.40
36.34
0.57
17.92
8.73
0.28
40.43
0.11
14.67
12.49
0.40
41.19
0.07
6.66
16.22
0.19
0.56
44.09
0.05
4.64
19.80
0.20
0.56
42.79
0.06 e
3.08
18.96
0.95
0.50
45.72
0.04
3.30
20.95
0.99
0.52
46.53
0.05
2.94
21.15
0.06
0.74
-11.87
-5.66
3.71
1.39
0.68
-2.11
-4.43
1.49
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.73
6.38
24.13
0.00
8.93
8.20
2.73 e
10.42
26.13
0.04
7.08
10.05
2.30
15.95
0.00
31.04
0.01
5.82
11.89
2.62
16.98
39.17
0.00
8.25
15.45
2.65
18.06
0.00
42.26
11.65
14.35
2.65
18.78
0.00
44.22
11.72
14.72
2.65
19.74
46.07
0.03
11.69
15.07
-1.01
5.54
1.49
6.38
-2.48
2.21
0.79
1.19
2.22
8.75
3.95
1.33
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
7.00
10.44
10.44
-
8.92
0.04
16.65
0.18
13.14
3.33
13.31
0.01
21.46
0.47
16.16
4.83
15.46
0.01
28.56
0.38
22.35
5.84
16.18
0.09
33.92
0.49
28.61
4.82
0.01 e
17.64
0.13
33.73
1.52
27.44
4.77
0.01
19.14
0.13
32.01
1.27
26.28
4.45
3.86
4.33
2.61
-
2.04
17.70
2.25
5.75
2.74
-0.46
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
CANADA
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
16.7
15.0
-10.9
1.0
29.3
15.4
-14.9
0.5
54.2
13.6
-30.6
-2.5
49.2
21.5
-27.5
2.1
49.0 e
15.0
-26.3 e
0.1
48.1
17.0
-27.9
0.3
43.9
10.5
-24.7
0.4
7.2
-0.5
6.3
x
-0.7
1.2
-0.5
x
21.8
30.3
34.7
45.2
37.7
37.5
30.2
2.8
0.4
0.5
0.1
1.7
1.2
6.0
3.7
..
-14.8 e
-24.3 e
-31.8 e
-41.3 e
-37.4 e
-35.1 e
..
4.6
0.5

-11.9
-11.9
-
-21.5
-21.4
-0.0
-30.0
-30.0
-0.0
-39.7
-39.6
-0.1
-35.6
-35.5
-0.0
-33.3
-33.2
-0.0
..
..
..
5.6
5.6
-
0.6
0.6
-1.3
Autoproducers
Gas works
..
-2.9 e
-1.9 e
-1.0
-
-2.8 e
-2.1 e
-0.7
-
-1.8 e
-1.5 e
-0.3
-
-1.6 e
-1.4 e
-0.2
-
-1.8 e
-1.4 e
-0.4 e
-
-1.8 e
-1.4 e
-0.4
-
..
..
..
..
..
-2.8
-1.2
-7.8
-
-0.0
-0.5
2.2
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
..
2.6
-2.1
..
7.5
6.2
4.4
5.0
6.3
6.1
..
-3.0
1.8
Iron and steel

Chemical
6.7
3.7 e
0.7
0.3
5.9
4.1 e
0.0
0.3
0.3
3.9
2.3 e
0.7
0.1
4.6
2.6 e
1.0
0.1
4.8
2.6 e
0.0
-
4.7
2.6 e
-
..
..
..
..
..
-3.2
-2.8
-0.0
-4.4
1.1
0.8
-
Transport(6)
0.2
..
Other(7)
0.6
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-11.4
6.4
-11.9
0.2
8.8
-2.1
0.2
0.5
0.4
1.5
1.3
..
5.8
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
CANADA
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
11.51
10.30
10.29
0.01
1.41
0.07
0.26
0.36
0.28
0.44
0.05
-
13.86
12.21
12.19
0.02
1.22
0.69
0.09
0.44
0.04
0.26
18.04
15.75
15.74
0.01
1.74
1.03
0.03
0.67
0.02
0.33
16.16
13.21
13.20
0.01
- e
1.86
1.20
0.02
0.64
0.02
0.53
16.69
14.98
14.97
0.01
- e
2.03
1.22
0.02
0.80
0.03
0.44
8.04
8.72
8.71
0.01
- e
2.30
2.30
1.72
7.34
6.03
6.02
0.01
2.23
2.23
1.42
1.56
1.42
1.42
2.12
-1.20
5.41
-8.64
0.02
-0.95
-
-3.47
-3.84
-3.84
-4.41
3.41
9.42
9.92
6.78
6.98
-
5.02
5.00
-
4.46
4.23
-
4.29
4.29 e
-
4.55
4.33 e
-
4.77
4.30 e
-
4.99
4.26
-
-2.46
-2.74
-
-0.04
-0.89
-
13.17
12.61
12.61
0.29
0.17
0.12
0.25
-
30.26
29.95
29.95
0.17
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.09
40.47
40.08
40.08
0.16
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.14
43.04
45.42
45.42
0.14
-
7.18
7.47
7.47
-4.25
-4.60
-3.77
-11.22
-
1.98
2.34
2.34
5.00
-

39.76
39.26
39.26
0.10
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.16
36.70
35.26
35.26
0.10
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.16
44.36
44.69
44.69
0.09
-
CANADA
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
37.88
51.11
34.43
48.61
58.22
32.89
61.02
..
48.90
20.54
87.53
104.81
28.16
144.70
175.22
30.19
162.14
170.13
31.97
190.56
206.75
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
43.98
62.70
51.91
..
43.30
42.74
64.82
71.09
..
50.88
..
..
93.40
..
65.09
..
..
148.04
..
69.84
..
..
243.30
..
226.41
..
..
268.17
..
211.58
..
..
321.39
..
206.85
..
..
416.74
..
277.66
..
..
315.10
..
..
For industry
(Canadian dollars / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
37.62
79.95
50.49
49.49
93.37
49.45
62.00
..
73.37
26.55
178.28
200.12
29.70
240.46
272.97
29.81
252.23
248.12
29.90
280.73
285.55
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
51.08
73.20
81.21
..
63.50
50.89
77.58
114.01
..
76.50
..
..
149.50
..
97.67
..
..
301.51
..
133.36
..
..
404.30
..
352.73
..
..
417.17
..
308.56
..
..
473.47
..
285.68
..
..
610.17
..
381.13
..
..
493.24
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
14.95
14.62
..
..
0.33
15.40
15.15
6.21
8.94
0.25
13.64
13.32
4.22
9.10
0.32
21.50
18.15
4.15
14.00
2.76
0.59
16.83
12.71
4.09 e
8.62 e
4.03
0.08
18.13
14.25
4.11 e
10.14 e
2.94
0.93
14.99
9.41
3.21
6.20
4.88
0.71
17.05
10.01
3.18
6.83
5.74
1.29
10.52
7.39
2.13
5.25
2.73
0.40
10.91
10.56
..
..
0.00
0.34
14.91
14.84
13.73
1.10
0.07
30.63
30.45
26.37
4.08
0.00
0.18
27.53
27.25
24.11
3.14
0.28
24.08
23.86
22.68 e
1.18 e
0.07
0.14
24.07
23.83
21.40 e
2.43 e
0.14
0.10
26.29
25.92
22.65
3.26
0.21
0.17
27.89
26.87
22.63
4.24
0.91
0.11
24.66
24.20
18.18
6.03
0.24
0.21
CANADA
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
14250
14579
14169
9735
18790
15868 e
10399
11093
8212
5454
5454
-
6188
6188
-
4491
4491
-
4129
4129
-
4296
4296
-
4253 e
4133 e
-
3322
3322
-
3286
3286
-
2208
15
2193
-
7 e
113 e
8796
8796
-
8391
8391
-
9678
9639
-
5606
5095
-
14494
14090
-
11615 e
8537 e
-
7077
5142
-
7807
5
6036
-
6004
200
4427
-
39
-
511
-
155
61
26
91
71
16 e
2120 e
200 e
299 e
443 e
-
968
279
64
624
-
1456
226
20
64
-
1149
157
41
30
-

CANADA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
13017
22483
26851
28564
28386
25203 e
26674
26643
21404
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
12217
147
164
10934
668
150
154
-
20585
62
352
123
33
17026
2041
195
313
330
110
19684
6
41
379
72
159
16569
369
519
102
51
645
772
25327
261
58
370
104
968
15495
4280
517
459
161
337
155
257
1171
734
22440
374
585
792
1170
12085
3851
385
408
338
819
1093
540
20791
494
372
1680
1177
7225
4441
274
994
175
1080
1418
1461
23321
345
592
1733
1126
8430
5099
230
1047
631
226
957
1437
1468
22750
421
567
1452
164
1078
8598
5072
693
598
233
234
955
1120
1565
15539
258
117
533
464
6650
4441
142
837
832
317
948
800
600
200
-
1898
899
496
38
31
130
235
69
1969
1108
129
224
300
208
-
2853
1078
1264
46
50
267
148
-
3107
1471
1324
312
-
3801
1584
1220
220
69
373
211
54
70
3893
1429
1132
140
70
463
478
181
-
5071
935
119
242
3615
160
-
5198
384
2839
794
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
3353
1449
1234
74
356
140
100
-
611 e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e

CANADA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
971
4895
4149
5429
3696
2786 e
3748 e
4870
6922
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
971
27
309
492
83
56
4
4389
78
328
56
384
203
26
34
1516
1469
28
112
155
2706
479
18
64
1933
18
194
5082
13
164
86
255
2483
1719
315
47
3419
151
55
14
1244
1767
80
108
2139
1375
534
230
3216
6
2094
908
55
153
4444
366
2236
1658
65
119
5800
2192
3375
141
92
506
506
-
218
98
120
-
347
140
207
-
350 e
348 e
2 e
-
532
172
358
2
-
426
81
144
201
-
1122
45
822
255
-
1225
277
297 e
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
CZECH REPUBLIC*

80
120
70
100
60
80
50
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
1971
1976
Coal
70
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
60
60
2009e
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
100
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

200
90
180
80
160
70
140
60
120
50
100
40
80
30
60
20
40
10
20
Industry
2008
Other use
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
CZECH REPUBLIC
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
64.51
50.84
12.37
1.44
0.13
-0.27
-
67.07
47.76
15.48
3.72
0.29
-0.19
-
69.65
44.94
12.46
7.51
4.69
0.14
-0.09
-
57.50
30.83
11.01
10.71
0.91
5.06
0.22
-1.23
-0.00
65.40
30.38
13.65
10.26
3.01
9.78
0.26
0.02
-1.98
0.02
63.76
28.08
13.55
10.17
3.14
9.92
0.25
0.04
-1.41
0.03
62.04
26.84
13.12
9.60
3.60
10.16
0.30
0.06
-1.68
0.03
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.45
-0.72
0.04
10.20
0.42
-6.60
-
-0.49
-2.58
0.47
1.70
4.25
3.14
16.88
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
41
1.57
9.9
6.50
155.1
228.0
82.6
41
..
e
e
e
e
e
1980
49
1.38
10.3
6.49
135.9
180.5
89.4
53
..
e
e
e
e
e
1990
55
1.26
10.4
6.72
124.2
149.5
100.1
62
120.0
2000
57
1.01
10.3
5.60
100.0
100.0
100.0
73
100.0
2007
77
0.85
10.3
6.34
83.5
72.4
85.1
88
159.9
2008
79
0.81
10.4
6.11
79.5
65.3
84.2
83
157.1
2009e
76
0.81
10.4
5.95
80.1
64.6
..
82
135.9
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.77
2.01
-1.30
-2.45
0.26
0.04
0.20
-0.53
-1.30
-2.45
-2.45
-4.50
1.14
-0.95
2.46
1.62
1.51
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
14.81
6.57
37.25
0.17
13.89
6.40
37.35
0.14
13.78
4.98
33.12
-
7.92
5.54
22.32
-
7.49
4.66
21.86
-
7.33
4.59
20.64
-
5.75
4.54
19.72
-
-0.60
-2.28
-0.98
-
-3.45
-0.46
-2.59
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
18.55
10.60
88.84
0.60
17.40
10.32
89.09
0.50
14.38
8.03
78.98
-
8.14
6.72
50.31
-
7.67
5.22
49.73
-
7.51
5.15
47.54
-
5.90
5.10
45.42
-
-2.10
-2.28
-0.98
-
-3.54
-2.44
-2.78
-

CZECH REPUBLIC
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
44.78
27.50
11.07
2.59
3.62
-
49.51
26.33
13.18
3.40
4.65
1.95
47.84
19.12
11.71
6.86
5.92
4.23
35.66
6.65
10.42
8.45
0.33
6.07
3.75
40.03
5.54
13.17
8.78
2.23
0.00
7.00
3.30
38.54
4.33
13.22
8.46
2.50
0.01
7.03
2.99
38.58
4.26
13.05
8.68
2.51
0.01
7.13
2.93
0.39
-2.12
0.33
5.90
2.93
-
-1.19
-8.00
0.60
1.32
1.04
-2.01
25.18
16.34
5.88
0.66
2.31
-
26.80
16.70
6.96
0.40
2.73
-
22.73
9.96
4.13
3.79
3.31
1.54
13.03
4.75
0.93
3.72
0.20
2.33
1.11
12.38
3.59
0.65
3.51
0.72
2.90
1.01
12.05
3.07
0.67
3.60
0.74
2.97
1.01
11.57
2.99
0.59
3.40
0.74
2.93
0.91
-0.60
-2.87
-2.06
10.87
2.14
-
-3.68
-6.47
-10.22
-0.60
-0.67
-2.85
3.10
0.17
2.70
-
3.28
0.14
2.86
-
3.70
3.31
-
6.05
5.63
0.04
8.57
0.01
8.20
0.06
9.05
0.01
8.64
0.08
8.85
0.01
8.33
0.10
1.05
1.22
-
4.96
5.25
-
0.23
10.05
9.29 e
0.07
0.22
0.28
10.65
8.04 e
0.12
0.55
0.39
11.34
6.71 e
0.12
1.53
0.09
0.29
7.58
1.12
0.11
2.93
0.03
0.27
9.27
1.14
0.05
3.25
0.04
0.28
8.35
0.70
0.04
2.91
0.16
0.26
8.29
0.66
0.03
2.92
3.08
0.71
-1.89
3.64
12.25
-2.17
-1.73
-12.07
-8.18
3.65
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.48
0.89
0.39 e
0.25
0.76
1.18
2.26
0.33 e
0.13
0.63
1.18
1.78
4.32
1.86 e
0.07
1.27
1.70
1.73
4.26
0.34
0.01
1.58
1.37
0.00
1.87
1.59
4.37
0.23
0.02
1.74
1.59
0.00
1.80
1.32
4.20
0.07
0.02
1.73
1.51
0.01
1.81
1.36
4.46
0.11
0.02
1.90
5.42
9.76
9.55
10.14
2.38
-1.51
0.18
-14.73
-6.23
2.24
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.25
1.64
1.64
-
0.41
0.77
1.78
1.78
-
0.45
0.67
2.47
2.47
-
0.04
1.42
0.88
3.05
3.05
-
0.08
0.00
1.59
0.69
4.26
0.53
3.73
-
0.10
0.00
1.63
0.64
3.84
0.47
3.36
-
0.08
0.00
1.71
0.65
4.18
0.48
3.56
0.14
3.56
2.45
2.45
-
7.74
-0.20
2.97
2.06
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
CZECH REPUBLIC
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
1973
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
54.3
0.2
-3.7
-0.0
Primary supply
e
e
e
e
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
57.8
2.3
-12.0
-0.3
51.9
2.2
-10.4
1.2
35.8
1.5
-8.3
1.8
34.0
3.3
-7.8
0.9
32.6
2.9
-7.3
-0.0
30.0
2.4
-6.4
0.9
-0.3
15.0
6.3
x
-2.6
1.4
-1.9
x
50.8
47.8
44.9
30.8
30.4
28.1
26.8
-0.7
-2.6
1.8
2.0
-1.3
-0.5
-1.0
-0.4
..
-24.2 e
-22.4 e
-23.4 e
-23.2
-24.2
-22.8
..
-0.2
-0.1

-11.9 e
-11.9 e
-
-15.5 e
-15.5 e
-
-20.5 e
-17.4 e
-3.1 e
-20.9
-18.9
-2.0
-22.0
-20.2
-1.8
-20.6
-18.4
-2.2
..
..
..
3.3
2.3
-
0.0
0.3
-1.9
Autoproducers
Gas works
-2.3 e
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-10.0 e
0.0 e
-2.6 e
-7.4 e
-
-2.6
-1.2
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
..
-3.9
-2.4
-4.3 e
0.0
-2.6 e
-1.8 e
-
-1.8 e
-0.0
-1.7 e
-0.0 e
-
-1.7
0.0
-1.3
-0.4
-
-1.6
-0.0
-1.5
-0.1
-
-1.5
-0.0
-1.4
-0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
-9.7
-2.3
-26.5
-
-0.9
66.2
-1.2
4.4
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-1.0 e
-1.0 e
-1.1 e
-0.5
-0.6
-0.5
..
0.8
-4.3
Losses
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.0
-0.2
-0.1
..
27.5
26.3
19.1
6.7
4.3
4.3
..
-2.1
-8.0
16.3
3.4 e
1.1 e
0.5 e
1.3 e
16.7
3.9 e
0.9 e
0.7 e
1.1 e
10.0
5.0 e
0.5
0.5
0.3
4.7
2.0
1.2
0.3
0.1
3.1
1.6
0.8
0.3
0.1
3.0
1.6
0.8
0.3
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-2.9
2.3
-4.6
-0.3
-7.7
-6.5
-6.2
2.7
-3.1
-7.4
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
0.2
11.0
0.4 e
9.3 e
-
0.1
9.5
0.3 e
8.0 e
9.2
1.9 e
6.7 e
0.0
0.0
..
1.9
0.3
1.1
0.8
0.1
0.7
0.8
0.1
0.7
..
..
..
-1.1
9.5
-1.9
-12.7
-14.7
-12.1
0.5
0.5
..
CZECH REPUBLIC
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
9.81
- e
7.85
1.10
0.05
0.60
0.04
6.05
1.95
-
10.12
4.94
3.75
1.19
- e
0.03
3.05
0.85 e
0.04
0.47
0.03
1.66 e
1.89
-
5.75
3.90
3.79
0.11
1.46
0.79
0.15
0.25
0.01
0.26
0.75
-
4.89
3.27
3.23
0.04
1.31
0.83
0.20
0.21
0.02
0.04
0.21
-
5.56
3.59
3.39
0.20
1.28
0.82
0.16
0.24
0.02
0.04
0.12
-
5.66
4.35
3.86
0.49
1.24
0.76
0.18
0.25
0.02
0.04
0.12
-
5.13
3.54
2.96
0.58
1.14
0.67
0.17
0.26
0.01
0.03
0.07
-
0.26
-7.58
-2.11
-2.32
-2.01
-2.51
-10.23
-0.26
-
-3.71
-1.83
-1.30
-3.90
-5.31
-1.33
8.44
-3.26
-5.56
-19.83
-16.61
-
12.57
12.57 e
-
9.94
8.54 e
1.40
1.40 e
- e
-
4.97
4.56
0.04
0.04
0.00
-
4.33
4.34
-
4.33
4.33
-
4.10
4.11
-
4.30
4.30
-
-1.93
-3.17
-
-4.55
-3.74
-
50.37
41.15
37.36
3.79
0.44
1.35
4.94
0.21
2.41
0.20
0.23
1.90
1.49
-
47.62
40.95
37.13
3.82
0.54
1.49
3.32
0.09
2.60
0.03
0.21
0.40
1.25
-
47.97
40.38
36.64
3.74
0.62
1.51
3.29
0.08
2.65
0.03
0.19
0.34
2.11
-
48.58
42.62
39.86
2.75
0.48
1.49
2.14
0.07
1.50
0.05
0.23
0.29
1.22
-
45.38
40.21
36.64
3.57
0.33
1.64
2.16
0.06
1.58
0.08
0.18
0.26
1.30
-
-1.04
1.18
0.13
-0.10
-6.97
-6.80
-3.52
-5.93
2.43
-10.39
-6.96
-1.10
-
-2.51
-0.46
-0.29
-2.00
-9.34
-2.67
-6.42
-9.45
1.55
-9.68
-7.83
-14.39
-12.76
-
81.32
37.97
37.97
1.96
6.35
16.58
0.54
2.49
0.36
2.95
10.24
17.36
-
71.77
43.71
38.58
5.13
1.94
2.67
7.12
0.35
1.20
0.48
0.79
4.31
15.20
-

CZECH REPUBLIC
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
10.29
52.02
..
11.54
52.49
..
20.49
111.20
94.07
21.88
81.86
113.74
c
152.18
..
c
212.36
..
c
209.64
..
c
321.95
..
c
c
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
52.02
..
..
..
..
52.49
..
..
24.44
52.62
111.20
..
94.07
26.96
50.73
81.86
..
114.82
c
c
152.18
180.93
227.47
c
c
212.36
243.77
312.87
c
c
209.64
248.34
304.65
c
c
321.95
377.42
477.65
c
c
c
260.90
410.69
For industry
(1 000 Czech crowns / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
0.054
1.020
..
0.060
1.020
..
0.134
2.718
2.171
0.308
4.307
5.650
c
4.964
..
c
6.531
..
c
5.792
..
c
7.487
..
c
c
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
1.020
..
..
..
..
1.020
..
..
0.235
0.877
2.718
..
2.171
0.558
1.820
4.307
..
5.704
c
c
4.964
5.902
7.006
c
c
6.531
7.497
9.085
c
c
5.792
6.861
7.947
c
c
7.487
8.777
10.488
c
c
c
6.768
10.059
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.21 e
..
..
0.21 e
2.33
2.11
2.11
0.01
0.21
2.25
2.09
2.09
0.15
1.48
0.90
0.22
0.68
0.00
0.59
1.91
1.08
0.42
0.66
0.00
0.83
2.88
1.89
0.90
0.99
1.00
3.29
2.23
1.05
1.17
1.06
2.91
2.03
1.09
0.93
0.02
0.86
2.36
1.56
0.77
0.79
0.02
0.78
3.65 e
..
..
3.65 e
12.01
5.41
4.87
0.54
3.95
2.65
10.38
4.69
4.22
0.47
4.03
1.66
8.26
5.93
3.42
2.51
1.29
1.03
6.60
5.04
2.99
2.06
0.54
1.02
7.78
5.93
4.16
1.77
0.73
1.12
7.81
6.31
4.58
1.73
0.61
0.88
7.33
5.64
3.98
1.66
0.83
0.86
6.42
5.18
3.10
2.09
0.65
0.59
CZECH REPUBLIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
274 e
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
1378 e
2282
2690 e
1094
1997
2553
2285
1787
217
217
-
976
976
-
1064
1024
40
-
1103
1103
-
777
1
684
61
-
31
-
877
869
-
1021
1
965
1
1
1489
25
1369
1
1
1182
40
1052
-
1010
13
770
3
6
2
-
3
50
-
3
90
-
90
-
219
5
-
890 e
890
-
274 e
274 e
-
1378 e
1378 e
-
2282
2282
-
1800 e
1800
-

CZECH REPUBLIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
5934 e
5086
4504
5180 e
3427
4419
4781
4138
3222
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
5934
600
59
69
5126
80
-
4874
652
6
4183
30
3
-
5041
1650
50
1
850
896
1594
-
3427
1244
744
538
901
-
4112
910
450
1367
1385
-
4633
850
463
1863
1457
-
4138
328
405
1900
1505
-
3079
996
8
772
1303
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
4504
785
28
10
3681
-
e
e
61
61
-
307
307
148
148
143
143
212 e
78

CZECH REPUBLIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
394 e
319
498
1835 e
2459
2098
2027
1949
2447
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
394
6
100
1
36
237
6
8
-
284
38
89
2
2
64
79
10
-
498 e
40
220 e
32
198 e
6
2
-
1000
458
1
59
304
178
-
2442
331
1033
43
102
931
2
-
2094
888
566
66
111
463
-
2024
970
278
96
271
409
-
1949
944
300
100
200
405
-
2422
1090
199
89
695
338
11
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
17
17
4
2
2
3
3
25
25
35 e
835

DENMARK*

35
700
30
600
25
500
20
400
15
300
200
10
100
0
1971
1976
Coal
14
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
12
12
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
60
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
14
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

80
Industry
2008
Other use
70
50
60
40
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
DENMARK
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
27.13
2.76
23.89
0.00
0.51
0.00
-0.03
-
27.34
8.39
18.17
0.00
0.92
0.00
0.00
-0.15
-
24.77
8.70
10.90
2.60
1.63
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.87
0.00
26.55
5.69
11.38
6.35
2.49
0.00
0.00
0.53
0.08
0.00
28.08
6.65
10.65
5.80
4.18
0.00
0.02
0.90
-0.12
0.01
27.16
5.73
10.28
5.82
4.24
0.00
0.03
0.87
0.18
0.01
25.49
5.67
9.06
5.58
4.26
0.00
0.03
0.84
0.04
0.01
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
-0.53
6.99
-4.51
65.00
7.11
0.91
-
0.51
-2.29
-0.32
4.59
5.46
-0.41
13.06
14.30
-8.39
1.18

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
90
0.30
5.0
5.40
181.9
86.2
88.3
19
..
1980
101
0.27
5.1
5.33
163.2
233.7
105.6
27
56.6
1990
124
0.20
5.1
4.82
120.6
197.4
112.9
26
74.5
2000
160
0.17
5.3
4.97
100.0
100.0
100.0
36
100.0
2007
179
0.16
5.5
5.14
94.5
104.3
92.5
39
105.9
2008
178
0.15
5.5
4.94
92.2
90.7
92.7
36
105.4
2009e
173
0.15
5.5
4.63
89.0
92.4
..
36
88.5
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.90
2.02
-2.39
-1.48
0.14
0.37
-0.67
0.14
-2.39
-1.48
5.00
-4.23
1.46
-1.09
1.82
1.89
1.95
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat

DENMARK
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
21.87
0.48
19.02
0.17
0.23
1.98
-
21.05
0.66
16.17
0.17
0.55
0.00
2.66
0.84
18.82
0.57
9.79
1.65
0.81
0.00
3.48
2.51
20.26
0.42
9.32
2.38
0.93
0.01
3.99
3.22
21.48
0.38
9.58
2.44
1.47
0.01
4.15
3.44
21.56
0.37
9.67
2.40
1.69
0.01
4.13
3.29
21.31
0.31
9.39
2.41
1.74
0.02
4.10
3.34
-0.88
0.99
-3.83
14.36
7.65
3.39
-
0.69
-3.24
-0.23
2.10
4.36
8.98
0.91
1.60
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
4.79
0.30
3.81
0.02
0.08
0.57
-
4.51
0.55
3.02
0.01
0.11
0.71
0.11
3.85
0.46
1.31
0.77
0.16
1.04
0.11
4.19
0.38
1.08
1.11
0.16
1.23
0.23
4.17
0.32
1.17
1.02
0.18
1.26
0.22
4.09
0.31
1.08
1.07
0.20
1.24
0.19
3.94
0.26
0.97
1.09
0.24
1.19
0.20
-1.28
2.49
-6.07
22.90
4.01
3.64
-
0.13
-3.18
-1.70
1.95
2.09
0.77
3.71
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.86
0.00
3.85
-
4.32
4.31
-
4.93
4.90
-
5.69
5.65
-
6.37
6.32
-
6.66
6.60
-
6.57
6.52
-
1.44
1.43
-
1.62
1.60
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.01
9.90
0.18
8.66
0.13
0.02
7.97
0.10
5.96
0.14
0.03
5.72
0.02
1.81
0.59
0.04
5.94
0.00
1.11
0.94
0.01
0.05
6.35
0.80
0.98
0.01
0.04
6.31
0.74
0.91
0.01
0.05
6.29
0.68
0.91
3.87
-3.18
-11.63
-8.79
9.12
3.49
0.53
-5.33
2.40
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.12
0.81
0.46
0.01
0.35
0.00
0.91
0.49
1.75
0.72
0.01
0.48
0.00
1.19
1.62
2.46
0.00
0.46
0.20
0.61
0.01
1.25
2.03
2.61
0.19
0.23
1.10
0.01
1.30
2.16
2.88
0.12
0.35
1.31
0.01
1.27
2.07
2.81
0.11
0.32
1.32
0.01
1.27
2.10
2.85
0.12
0.32
8.64
2.27
10.38
18.35
5.80
8.98
0.37
1.45
0.83
-7.04
2.60
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.02
0.43
1.02
1.02
-
0.02
0.75
0.24
0.59
0.59
-
0.04
0.00
1.03
0.72
0.43
0.43
-
0.09
0.00
1.22
0.90
0.42
0.42
-
0.10
0.00
1.31
1.00
0.42
0.42
-
0.08
0.00
1.34
0.96
0.45
0.45
-
0.08
0.00
1.35
0.97
0.38
0.38
-
5.04
5.28
-4.88
-4.88
-
3.04
9.00
1.56
1.67
-0.72
-0.72
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
DENMARK
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
2.7
-0.1
0.1
8.7
-0.1
-0.3
8.9
-0.0
-0.2
5.5
-0.1
0.3
6.8
-0.2
-0.0
6.3
-0.1
-0.5
5.6
-0.1
0.1
7.2
-1.0
x
-1.9
5.7
x
Primary supply
2.8
8.4
8.7
5.7
6.6
5.7
5.7
7.0
-2.3
0.0
0.2
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.1
..
-2.3
-8.0
-8.1
-5.2
-6.3
-5.5
..
7.7
-2.1

Autoproducers
-2.3
-2.3
-
-8.0
-7.9
-0.1
-8.1
-8.1
-0.1
-5.2
-5.2
-0.0
-6.3
-6.3
-0.0
-5.5
-5.5
-0.0
..
..
..
7.8
7.7
-
-2.1
-2.1
-18.5
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
..
..
..
..
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
..
Losses
..
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.3
..
1.0
-3.2
Iron and steel

Chemical
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
-
0.3
0.0
0.2
-
0.3
0.0
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
-14.6
2.8
18.4
-3.2
9.8
-0.6
-
Transport(6)
0.0
..
Other(7)
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
-
0.1
-
..
..
..
-2.7
-11.6
-3.5
-
..
Final consumption(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
DENMARK
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
5.65
4.99
4.93
0.06
0.09
0.69
0.55
0.06
0.09
0.01
-
9.99
9.40
9.34
0.06
0.47
0.00
0.20
0.05
0.22
0.03
-
6.64
6.19
6.18
0.02
0.38
0.02
0.23
0.13
0.00
-
6.29
5.91
5.90
0.01
0.30
0.02
0.21
0.07
-
9.17
8.94
8.94
0.31
0.02
0.22
0.08
-
7.91
7.55
7.54
0.00
0.30
0.02
0.21
0.07
-
6.84
6.68
6.68
0.00
0.25
0.02
0.17
0.06
-
4.86
5.43
5.47
0.55
-3.18
-8.07
-1.35
7.85
5.95
-
-2.09
-1.88
-1.84
-17.44
-3.57
9.75
-0.87
-7.00
-

DENMARK
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
55.86
118.19
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
76.39
x
69.50
..
258.29
95.46
x
145.83
..
538.28
119.94
x
..
108.11
c
..
x
..
162.96
c
..
x
..
280.27
c
..
x
..
315.42
c
..
x
..
353.68
c
..
x
..
453.28
c
..
x
..
360.54
585.00
(Danish crowns / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2005
..
..
c
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
..
..
c
262
918
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
421
x
528
..
1830
538
x
1133
..
3900
742
x
..
922
c
..
x
..
1817
c
..
x
..
2317
c
..
x
..
2584
c
..
x
..
2654
c
..
x
..
3186
c
..
x
..
2664
4031


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
2.73
2.58
..
..
0.14
8.70
8.54
0.01
8.54
0.16
8.93
8.88
8.88
0.05
5.51
5.46
5.46
0.05
5.09
5.05
5.05
0.04
7.42
7.38
7.38
0.04
6.83
6.79
6.79
0.03
6.35
6.31
6.31
0.04
5.61
5.59
5.59
0.02
0.06
..
..
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
-
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.08
-
0.09
0.09
0.09
-
0.16
0.16
0.16
-
0.13
0.13
0.13
-
0.05
0.05
0.05
-
DENMARK
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
6110
12457
10255
13009
6416
8688
8122
7569
6711
6
4
2
-
6110
177
307
6
941
3078
145
2
8
12451
2484
328
38
14
2056
1311
2271
30
10255
1127
646
39
52
972
592
3223
8
13009
917
3
1
3476
30
2423
26
6416
143
2311
3
177
8688
290
3
529
29
274
129
8122
144
6
357
3
6
324
7569
10
159
11
344
409
6711
3
100
516
158
57
2057
1482
1116
382
3493
1078
59
2
3
812
1672
1295
3
-
1537
631
3062
2040
164
-
2475
288
2099
2252
168
-
1680
2243
2604
109
-
2019
1075
2710
130
-
868
528
50
29
332
3496
62 e

DENMARK
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
57
54
25
123
110
183
156
64
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
57
54
3
-
54
9
14
31
-
25
10
7
8
-
123
76
34
13
-
110
29
79
2
-
183
102
81
-
156
129
27
-
64
32
32
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)

Non-Specified/Other

DENMARK
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
93.62
535.51
390.83
..
625.03
..
154.99
434.34
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
390.83
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal(3)
46.02
38.53
31.67
56.29
61.84
59.15
75.20
113.34
74.47
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
43.67
50.24
72.83
45.29
46.31
43.94
47.11
..
41.65
35.66
39.52
..
36.22
42.57
..
36.57
39.01
40.89
25.20
..
..
31.78
36.07
..
30.52
31.93
32.65
40.19
..
..
52.46
59.65
52.10
57.11
57.29
59.95
56.06
..
..
52.10
62.81
..
62.06
67.27
59.88
..
..
..
51.93
65.96
..
59.23
59.65
60.51
67.34
..
..
89.54
..
..
78.38
70.30
73.66
..
..
..
153.20
138.51
..
82.86
136.65
109.46
75.00
..
..
95.36
74.51
..
80.37
76.04
68.40
Coking coal
(1)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
FINLAND*
400
60
350
50
300
40
250
30
200
150
20
100
10
50
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
14
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
12
12
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
100
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
14
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

90
80
Industry
2008
Other use
70
80
60
70
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
FINLAND
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
30.05
3.65
18.94
5.63
1.29
0.53
-
35.14
7.07
18.00
1.10
4.96
2.61
1.26
0.15
-
40.54
7.60
13.52
3.12
6.52
7.15
1.33
0.00
1.31
-
45.87
7.28
12.52
4.89
9.54
8.37
1.80
0.01
1.46
0.00
52.33
10.28
13.92
5.32
10.71
8.72
1.74
0.02
1.54
0.07
50.36
7.71
13.73
5.50
11.00
8.55
2.10
0.03
1.57
0.17
47.14
7.72
12.50
4.98
9.94
8.75
1.56
0.04
1.48
0.17
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.78
4.41
-1.97
0.86
0.19
5.45
-
1.21
0.08
0.09
3.21
2.95
0.99
2.56
25.73
1.02
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
60
0.50
4.7
6.44
133.3
102.0
72.5
26
38.2
1980
73
0.48
4.8
7.35
126.9
160.9
81.5
41
48.8
1990
99
0.41
5.0
8.13
108.3
127.9
95.6
54
64.6
2000
122
0.38
5.2
8.86
100.0
100.0
100.0
70
100.0
2007
152
0.34
5.3
9.89
91.5
113.2
91.6
81
125.7
2008
154
0.33
5.3
9.48
87.0
83.9
86.6
77
126.6
2009e
143
0.33
5.3
8.84
87.5
90.3
..
72
100.2
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.03
2.45
-1.21
-1.21
0.39
0.35
1.38
0.86
-1.21
-1.21
1.34
-2.32
1.64
-0.55
4.41
1.98
3.14
3.81
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.63
1.04
2.59
1.72
1.55
1.65
2.96
12.47
-2.46
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
2.21
3.63
7.15
4.86
4.47
4.75
8.50
10.28
-2.25

FINLAND
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
27.41
1.51
16.08
0.01
5.63
3.31
0.86
27.63
1.58
14.29
0.62
4.93
4.57
1.64
31.77
2.23
13.13
1.41
5.03
0.00
7.24
2.74
34.26
1.64
10.88
1.43
7.06
0.00
9.29
3.97
38.46
1.48
12.12
1.40
6.56
0.00
10.54
6.36
38.55
1.38
12.11
1.62
6.70
0.00
10.61
6.13
37.36
1.35
11.57
1.56
6.74
0.00
10.15
5.99
0.87
2.32
-1.19
31.15
-0.66
4.71
7.02
0.90
-2.75
-0.70
0.59
1.64
3.93
1.89
4.45
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
9.31
1.34
5.63
0.01
2.22
0.11
8.55
1.44
3.57
0.57
2.80
0.17
12.89
2.20
1.63
1.31
3.50
4.00
0.25
16.00
1.60
1.32
1.27
5.51
5.26
1.04
18.04
1.43
2.06
1.16
4.66
5.77
2.97
17.61
1.34
1.77
1.20
4.78
5.78
2.74
16.91
1.31
1.76
1.07
4.76
5.32
2.70
1.93
2.96
-7.04
35.41
3.52
4.83
1.52
-2.84
0.44
-1.13
1.72
1.60
14.15
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.45
0.02
3.42
-
4.00
3.97
-
5.64
5.59
-
5.83
5.74
0.02
6.43
6.31
0.03
6.60
6.49
0.02
6.27
6.05
0.02
2.94
2.93
-
0.58
0.44
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.01
6.13
0.15
4.80
0.01
0.03
6.39
0.15
4.23
0.05
0.05
7.62
0.03
2.91
0.04
0.07
6.48
0.02
1.05
0.03
0.00
0.08
7.32
0.02
0.93
0.05
0.00
0.09
7.35
0.02
0.89
0.05
0.11
0.09
7.13
0.02
0.82
0.05
12.32
1.29
-8.67
-2.91
11.52
3.07
-0.36
-3.95
-6.80
1.51
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.62
0.55
0.43
-
0.99
0.96
0.68
-
1.30
0.00
1.79
1.54
1.28
-
1.34
0.00
2.23
1.82
2.22
0.00
0.47
0.04
1.63
0.00
2.60
2.10
2.56
0.00
0.44
0.04
1.64
0.00
2.64
2.12
2.55
0.00
0.43
0.04
1.61
0.00
2.60
2.04
2.52
0.00
0.35
0.04
6.48
6.28
6.58
-
1.17
3.93
2.09
1.57
3.85
-
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.43
1.51
1.51
-
0.68
1.76
1.76
-
1.28
2.08
2.05
0.03
0.08
1.63
1.43
1.38
0.05
0.10
1.98
1.67
1.56
0.11
0.09
1.99
2.02
1.72
0.29
0.09
2.03
2.08
1.71
0.37
6.58
1.90
1.80
-
2.61
0.01
-0.98
14.24
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
FINLAND
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
0.1
3.5
-0.0
0.1
1.0
5.4
-0.0
0.6
2.6
6.3
-0.0
-1.3
1.7
5.1
-0.0
0.5
1.6
6.5
-0.0
2.2
1.7
5.6
-0.0
0.4
3.0
5.5
-0.0
-0.7
22.6
3.5
-17.1
x
-2.5
-0.6
13.3
x
3.6
7.1
7.6
7.3
10.3
7.7
7.7
4.4
0.1
-0.0
-0.2
-0.1
-0.0
-0.2
0.0
..
-2.1 e
-5.3 e
-5.3 e
-5.6 e
-8.6 e
-6.3 e
..
5.5
1.0

Autoproducers
-1.7
-1.7
-
-4.9
-4.5
-0.5
-4.7
-4.4
-0.3
-4.9
-4.5
-0.4
-7.9
-7.5
-0.4
-5.7
-5.3
-0.4
..
..
..
6.1
5.7
-
1.0
1.0
1.4
Gas works
-0.0
..
-0.4 e
-0.4 e
-
-0.4 e
-0.4 e
-
-0.5 e
-0.5 e
-0.0
-
-0.6 e
-0.5 e
-0.1
-
-0.7 e
-0.5 e
-0.1
-
-0.7 e
-0.5 e
-0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
2.2
2.0
-
1.0
-0.3
14.2
-
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
..
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
1.5
1.6
2.2
1.6
1.4
1.4
..
2.3
-2.7
Iron and steel

Chemical
1.3
0.4 e
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.5 e
0.0
0.5
0.3
2.2
0.8 e
0.1
0.7
0.5
1.6
0.8 e
0.1
0.2
0.4
1.3
0.7 e
0.0
0.2
0.4
1.3
0.7 e
0.0
0.2
0.3
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
4.3
17.2
20.2
-2.8
-0.4
-7.3
-7.1
-2.6
Transport(6)
0.0
..
Other(7)
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-8.7
-8.7
1.6
-3.9
..
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
FINLAND
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
5.31
4.57
4.52
0.05
0.67
0.09
0.01
0.41
0.15
0.08
-
4.94
3.88
3.77
0.11
1.04
0.08
0.08
0.76
0.09
0.02
0.01
-
3.91
3.50
3.46
0.05
0.34
0.07
0.17
0.09
0.01
0.00
-
3.20
2.91
2.90
0.02
0.28
0.09
0.17
0.02
0.00
-
6.54
6.33
6.32
0.02
0.20
0.18
0.02
0.00
0.00
-
5.66
5.47
5.46
0.01
0.18
0.16
0.02
-
3.91
3.66
3.65
0.01
0.20
0.18
0.02
0.00
-
-0.60
-1.34
-1.49
7.24
3.82
-0.61
16.10
5.22
-14.26
-16.20
-
-1.29
-0.33
-0.18
-14.96
-8.74
-7.65
-8.50
-85.20
-
0.71
0.71
-
1.28
1.28
-
1.40
1.28
-
1.07
1.24
-
1.42
1.24
-
1.08
1.24
-
2.33
3.12
-

FINLAND
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
51.74
71.34
78.45
77.80
148.30
158.02
72.35
130.84
96.13
44.40
133.67
88.04
82.82
232.79
128.66
85.36
267.72
173.47
96.21
300.68
187.08
164.25
420.74
264.51
111.56
307.65
235.04
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
51.74
..
71.34
..
78.45
77.80
..
148.30
..
158.02
72.35
..
130.84
..
96.13
89.47
99.78
..
172.12
101.68
146.63
196.65
..
286.78
147.93
149.81
203.29
..
322.25
192.94
166.59
225.89
..
360.21
208.33
249.09
382.62
..
492.16
289.53
192.19
286.13
..
375.52
258.81
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
31.11
67.61
69.70
42.38
127.32
127.18
40.48
115.38
79.47
41.92
198.90
122.82
58.01
257.00
133.16
59.20
292.63
177.76
61.12
301.03
175.58
97.76
394.68
232.62
69.88
303.70
217.51
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
31.11
..
67.61
..
69.70
42.38
..
127.32
..
127.18
40.48
..
115.38
..
79.47
84.47
108.23
..
256.12
141.85
102.71
158.25
..
316.60
153.11
103.90
161.98
..
352.23
197.71
105.82
164.85
..
360.63
195.53
148.26
261.63
..
461.68
254.62
120.38
205.90
..
370.70
239.52
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
3.50
2.68
..
..
0.82
5.41
4.20
4.20
1.21
6.27
5.49
0.64
4.85
0.77
5.08
4.58
1.26
3.32
0.50
4.80
4.29
1.40
2.89
0.50
6.48
5.95
1.07
4.88
0.00
0.52
6.52
5.93
1.42
4.52
0.02
0.57
5.63
5.03
1.08
3.95
0.07
0.53
5.52
5.24
0.96
4.28
0.04
0.24
0.02
..
..
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.00
FINLAND
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
4789
5089
6101
5821
5072
6684
6670
5672
5936
711
203
45
-
1651
602
695
27
1258
100
2
705
360
-
1073
249
434
2
324
-
1418
559
529
315
-
1077
292
393
392
-
959
223
293
372
-
463
-
305
22
-
91
-
64
-
2
13
-
71
-
4789
4089
3
-
5089
404
56
2407
1
1018
4
5390
2609
253
41
-
4170
51
1899
88
460
-
3814
1313
51
5611
530
9
467
48
5252
270
7
39
24
4595
88
141
47
4977
189
3
71
7
697
-
347
852
-
100
334
1905
148
-
203
24
1240
176
29
-
2448
2
-
323
274
379
3558
23
-
88
4811
13
-
68
194
254
3770
33
-
74
13
4598
19
3
-

FINLAND
Coking coal
(1)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
Steam coal(3)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
60.49
53.94
95.47
131.60
138.48
152.40
326.47
192.34
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
60.94
60.37
..
..
..
59.06
..
58.26
..
52.76
55.42
..
..
..
51.74
85.75
89.94
..
124.02
92.30
..
..
..
54.76
148.54
153.33
..
147.80
121.25
..
..
..
57.46
139.46
149.22
..
..
125.76
..
..
..
124.04
150.14
164.99
..
..
135.83
..
..
..
129.54
392.82
350.70
..
..
258.32
..
..
..
..
166.94
216.54
..
..
200.58
..
..
..
129.25
49.71
44.30
32.08
58.45
62.80
67.65
72.64
134.21
86.94
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
46.59
..
..
44.28
53.46
..
52.73
..
40.34
..
..
..
34.83
..
..
..
..
30.46
..
..
..
63.74
..
..
..
..
57.32
..
..
..
68.11
..
..
..
..
61.59
..
..
..
73.39
78.95
..
82.30
76.78
62.84
..
..
..
79.86
72.38
..
77.53
..
71.89
..
..
..
164.75
136.19
..
215.26
195.76
124.32
..
..
..
79.19
69.73
..
82.32
..
87.26
FRANCE*
120
450
400
100
350
80
300
250
60
200
150
40
100
20
50
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
60
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
700
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
60
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

600
600
Industry
2008
Other use
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
FRANCE
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
257.34
41.77
171.15
19.37
13.98
5.49
5.86
0.00
0.07
-0.35
-
273.96
46.99
151.88
30.91
12.35
22.80
8.54
0.02
0.07
0.40
-
319.84
28.87
119.88
37.18
15.69
116.93
6.61
0.16
0.10
-5.58
-
359.81
21.49
117.19
51.08
15.49
154.56
8.25
0.18
0.10
-8.54
-
376.99
19.49
119.95
54.97
17.95
163.71
7.14
0.16
0.61
-6.98
-
380.71
18.39
118.86
56.96
19.95
163.61
7.83
0.16
0.83
-5.90
-
361.45
14.25
113.69
54.93
20.92
152.54
6.99
0.17
1.11
-3.16
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.29
-2.15
-2.07
3.91
0.68
19.71
0.71
28.87
2.11
17.60
-
0.97
-2.47
-0.05
2.40
1.34
1.88
0.94
0.18
12.61
0.31
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
703
0.37
53.3
4.83
135.0
366.9
72.9
183
69.0
1980
861
0.32
55.1
4.97
117.4
337.2
83.8
257
75.9
1990
1092
0.29
58.2
5.50
108.1
163.4
95.5
417
88.9
2000
1328
0.27
60.7
5.93
100.0
100.0
100.0
536
100.0
2007
1509
0.25
63.8
5.91
92.2
79.8
97.4
564
101.9
2008
1515
0.25
64.1
5.94
92.7
75.0
98.7
570
99.8
2009e
1497
0.24
64.3
5.62
89.1
58.8
..
537
87.8
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.62
1.84
-1.30
-0.85
0.52
0.54
0.77
0.43
-1.30
-0.85
-4.65
-4.23
1.60
0.18
4.98
1.75
1.50
0.64
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
4.80
14.14
1.17
-
4.23
13.78
1.10
-
1.80
8.55
1.43
-
3.37
0.17
-
0.37
-
0.25
-
0.18
-
-7.86
-4.11
1.68
-
-17.90
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
4.66
16.50
2.73
-
4.11
16.08
2.56
-
1.82
9.38
2.33
-
3.80
0.30
-
0.42
-
0.28
-
0.20
-
-7.54
-4.60
-1.30
-
-17.77
-

FRANCE
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
203.17
18.67
137.19
15.95
12.73
0.00
18.26
0.37
201.84
12.23
124.80
27.59
11.16
0.02
0.01
25.69
0.34
204.28
11.11
107.20
34.17
13.80
0.16
0.03
37.13
0.68
232.82
6.33
115.63
45.91
12.84
0.18
0.02
47.29
4.62
239.33
5.76
113.93
47.70
13.71
0.16
0.04
52.45
5.59
235.97
6.06
111.46
45.71
14.65
0.16
0.05
52.34
5.55
236.49
5.88
108.03
47.21
16.52
0.16
0.06
53.26
5.37
0.03
-3.01
-1.44
4.58
0.47
28.87
4.26
3.69
0.82
-3.48
0.04
1.81
1.01
0.18
4.63
2.02
12.15
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
59.55
10.24
31.22
6.10
1.67
10.32
-
58.87
7.66
27.53
10.35
1.61
11.72
-
47.08
8.37
9.36
13.12
2.14
14.09
-
49.39
5.20
7.78
17.64
2.23
16.54
-
47.66
4.99
10.54
13.24
2.40
16.50
-
46.71
5.33
9.63
12.77
2.69
16.29
-
47.67
5.17
8.94
13.37
2.84
17.35
-
-1.37
-1.18
-6.84
4.62
1.44
1.85
-
0.07
-2.64
-0.26
0.10
1.59
1.16
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
35.29
0.09
34.39
0.02
43.30
0.03
42.42
0.01
54.94
53.85
0.00
65.03
63.12
0.00
64.55
61.90
0.09
65.13
61.44
0.09
63.63
58.63
0.12
2.64
2.67
-23.40
0.82
0.47
42.01
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.79
30.57
8.34
2.61
5.00
0.85
32.28
4.54
2.99
7.75
1.09
51.06
2.37 e
15.65
9.41
0.48
1.44
58.20
0.90
13.66
18.08 e
1.04
1.52
61.11
0.51
12.10
20.87
2.07
1.53
56.77
0.50
10.74
18.48
3.25
1.63
60.95
0.50
11.64
20.00
1.95
3.06
-7.12
11.12
3.79
2.26
0.99
-8.30
-1.63
4.28
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
10.92
0.00
3.71
52.32
46.32
2.70
9.41
0.01
0.01
7.56
43.15
31.67
6.13
11.54
0.15
0.03
11.91
25.82
7.28
8.72
9.54
0.17
0.02
15.81
25.91
6.15
6.45 e
9.41
0.11
0.04
18.07
29.48
5.86
7.06
8.99
0.11
0.05
17.91
29.55
5.25
7.39
9.53
0.11
0.06
19.12
27.20
6.19
6.81
0.32
28.81
7.11
-4.07
-10.31
7.14
-1.06
-1.58
3.89
2.67
0.29
-0.89
-1.37
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.30
20.86
18.72
2.14
5.36
19.16
15.99
3.17
0.07
9.75
19.09
0.37
16.00
2.72
0.53
12.78
23.18
0.22
19.65
3.32
0.81
0.04
0.00
15.72
20.75
0.19
18.24
2.32
0.84
0.04
0.01
16.03
21.88
0.16
19.12
2.60
0.85
0.04
0.01
13.30
19.66
0.14
17.22
2.30
6.58
-0.52
-0.92
1.43
15.05
1.74
0.17
-5.29
0.41
-0.93
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
FRANCE
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
25.8
15.4
-1.9
2.4
19.1
30.1
-1.2
-1.0
11.8
19.5
-0.9
-1.5
3.5
19.3
-0.8
-0.6
0.4
18.9
-1.0
1.1
0.2
21.4
-1.1
-2.1
0.2
14.1
-0.1
-
-4.5
1.4
-4.1
x
-19.3
0.5
1.1
x
Primary supply
41.8
47.0
28.9
21.5
19.5
18.4
14.3
-2.1
-2.5
2.0
-0.0
-0.3
0.4
0.8
0.5
..
-22.1
-31.9 e
-16.4 e
-14.8 e
-13.5 e
-12.4 e
..
-1.7
-1.6

-14.8
-14.8
-
-24.4
-16.9
-7.5
-12.0
-6.9
-5.1
-10.9
-9.4
-1.4
..
..
..
-1.2
-4.4
-
-1.8
0.5
-8.1
Gas works
-0.2
-0.1
..
-7.1
-6.3
-1.3
0.4
-7.4 e
-6.3 e
-1.5
0.3
-4.4 e
-3.8 e
-0.8
0.2
-3.9 e
-3.6 e
-0.3
0.0
-3.9 e
-3.2 e
-0.7
0.0
-3.7 e
-2.9 e
-0.8
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
-2.8
-2.8
-3.0
-3.9
-1.0
-1.5
-0.0
-17.7
..
Autoproducers
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-9.6
-7.8
-1.9
-8.7
-7.6
-1.1
Energy ind. own use
-2.5
-2.7
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
..
-6.1
-1.6
Losses
-0.5
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
..
18.7
12.2
11.1
6.3
6.1
5.9
..
-3.0
-3.5
5.2
2.8 e
c
0.2 e
0.1 e
5.3
3.3 e
0.5
0.5
0.1
5.2
3.2 e
0.6
0.5
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-1.2
-1.5
-0.9
4.3
5.6
-2.6
-2.3
-2.7
-3.7
-10.7
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
10.2
6.2
1.2
0.5
0.2
7.7
4.6 e
0.8
0.6
0.1
8.4
4.8 e
1.0 e
1.0 e
0.4 e
Transport(6)
0.1
0.0
..
Other(7)
8.3
8.3
4.5
4.5
2.4
2.4 e
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
..
..
..
-7.1
-7.1
-7.6
-8.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
..
-5.3

Residential
Non-energy use
FRANCE
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
31.60
22.16
16.75
5.41
2.09
2.91
1.47
0.38
0.15
0.04
0.87
3.09
-
19.12
11.03
7.00
4.03
0.38
1.09
4.68
1.63
0.81
0.99
0.49
0.76
1.65
-
15.26
10.42
9.49
0.94
0.11
2.03
2.46
0.43
0.20
0.16
1.67
0.70
-
14.92
10.31
9.35
0.97
0.03
2.37
2.39
0.56
0.62
0.27
0.19
0.76
0.48
-
13.09
8.62
7.72
0.89
0.02
2.54
2.35
0.68
0.39
0.31
0.15
0.83
0.48
-
14.37
9.31
8.34
0.97
0.01
2.41
2.71
0.73
0.46
0.50
0.09
0.93
0.48
-
12.42
8.50
7.76
0.75
0.01
1.99
2.58
0.68
0.55
0.44
0.07
0.84
0.48
-
-4.10
-5.65
-7.01
-2.43
-13.19
4.04
0.88
6.50
17.02
22.74
-1.14
-5.10
-
-2.37
-1.43
0.57
-8.94
-17.50
3.42
-3.25
-4.74
-2.09
-4.39
-10.55
0.58
-6.62
-
12.98
12.98
-
9.67
9.52
-
6.54
6.54
-
6.22
5.85
-
5.98
5.88
-
6.14
5.95
-
6.70
5.99
-
-2.42
-2.55
-
-2.02
-2.54
-
2.62
2.34
1.17
1.17
0.20
0.01
0.00
0.19
0.07
-
2.09
1.84
0.59
1.25
0.23
0.09
0.14
0.08
-
0.36
0.27
0.27
0.05
0.05
0.04
-
0.04
0.04
0.04
-
0.04
0.04
0.04
-
0.05
0.05
0.05
-
0.07
0.07
0.07
-
-1.85
-1.97
-5.51
0.55
1.17
20.31
-2.59
0.80
-
-17.41
-6.62
-3.93
-

FRANCE
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
56.31
..
..
57.35
..
..
41.98
..
..
84.41
..
..
82.15
..
..
94.53
..
..
153.44
..
..
128.44
..
..
61.82
51.84
66.80
..
76.57
107.40
58.46
131.05
..
137.04
128.20
62.62
97.93
..
128.49
105.48
45.43
128.55
140.36
138.50
..
106.19
217.27
232.51
256.81
..
127.95
257.57
267.44
320.57
..
119.55
292.82
302.85
322.09
..
207.93
398.94
421.73
472.33
..
197.67
308.22
315.88
341.35
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2005
..
..
..
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
..
..
..
32.17
..
..
42.23
..
..
40.41
..
..
60.28
..
..
58.09
..
..
61.22
..
..
93.11
..
..
82.02
..
..
37.73
37.12
64.01
..
67.73
61.36
39.18
117.55
..
113.47
94.40
54.09
113.21
..
137.11
101.53
51.29
194.27
212.12
193.21
..
88.96
243.61
260.70
265.79
..
106.13
285.93
296.89
328.49
..
90.82
297.74
307.93
302.30
..
148.02
380.07
401.79
415.38
..
148.08
309.01
316.70
315.90


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
15.42
11.67
..
..
3.75
30.11
27.00
10.75
16.25
0.00
3.11
19.50
18.22
8.17
10.05
0.04
1.24
19.34
17.84
6.81
11.03
0.03
1.47
20.18
18.57
6.51
12.06
0.02
1.59
20.56
19.01
6.24
12.77
0.02
1.53
18.95
17.77
6.44
11.33
0.03
1.15
21.41
19.99
7.53
12.46
0.04
1.37
14.15
13.39
3.73
9.66
0.05
0.71
1.86
0.82
..
..
0.01
1.03
1.22
0.37
0.37
0.00
0.84
0.92
0.53
0.53
0.39
0.77
0.08
0.08
0.69
0.88
0.27
0.03
0.23
0.61
0.80
0.13
0.02
0.11
0.67
0.96
0.20
0.05
0.15
0.76
1.12
0.17
0.02
0.15
0.95
0.08
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.02
FRANCE
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
23441
18835
19389
13190
18980
20391
18958
21285
14445
8316
987
4364
1311
1
1462
-
7773
1949
351
1853
185
38
3307
-
7848
2071
637
817
254
4019
50
7300
2310
51
900
3891
87
6543
2818
577
182
2667
1
5995
3896
371
1
1670
26
6191
4071
468
1549
25
7239
4985
378
1461
19
3584
968
107
168
2137
156
191
-
1
89
-
30
30
1
-
130
154
14
-
29
2
78
-
38
198
55
105
12
36
-
15125
785
2217
3441
891
36
98
11062
850
410
1162
883
204
678
280
11541
1480
50
718
141
311
2586
222
5890
276
221
159
77
53
5
12437
1022
98
881
61
425
1125
14396
1829
103
68
927
33
330
1224
12767
2011
115
47
375
1
313
2144
14046
1334
166
56
106
2611
2186
10861
1824
56
206
40
1512
2288
6643
853
161
46
2
6444
75
28
1776
2033
863
777
560
24
900
900
2100
302
21
707
156
13
524
1043
6
5694
383
935
140
100
17
2221
584
4239
1124
35
460
153
1049
263
1805
36
3971
1033
477
157
19
129
1956
2
3317
1628
10
435
66
44
3
1044
1
2953
788
127
19

FRANCE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
449
976
585
392
89
123
166
165
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
443
51
264
8
17
53
8
42
-
700
1
25
4
412
46
22
2
15
105
20
48
-
573
8
15
343
36
56
2
95
1
10
6
1
-
392
1
1
250
20
24
5
70
6
15
-
88
5
75
1
7
-
118
33
1
84
-
166
62
4
1
99
-
164
70
8
86
-
9
5
1
3
-
1
1
266
266
11
11
-
10
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

FRANCE
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
65.14
61.82
47.26
75.46
109.69
133.48
124.63
212.51
204.75
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
65.23
64.81
..
65.24
64.95
64.53
..
66.18
..
60.65
62.14
..
67.65
62.68
52.07
..
53.98
..
45.74
46.36
..
47.64
50.47
..
34.84
32.99
..
68.13
76.85
..
76.89
86.10
..
..
33.73
135.05
115.61
117.56
..
..
107.04
..
..
..
..
136.73
140.74
..
..
121.01
..
..
..
..
125.44
134.95
..
..
116.61
..
..
..
118.36
230.00
186.97
..
..
169.04
258.16
..
..
205.53
239.82
289.34
..
..
164.69
..
..
157.57
215.17
Steam coal(3)
50.42
49.29
37.21
64.08
75.23
72.92
84.49
135.53
113.60
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
47.89
62.44
..
46.61
48.77
48.79
49.99
..
44.72
50.95
42.97
..
34.06
50.21
36.52
46.98
45.55
47.86
38.29
..
..
34.55
34.84
30.35
37.94
33.28
36.55
55.37
..
..
76.61
46.61
..
65.24
55.00
75.88
79.28
121.47
..
83.83
75.04
..
77.69
70.02
71.20
80.63
57.30
..
157.73
80.70
..
81.95
68.11
68.26
72.97
146.11
..
163.83
92.02
..
84.63
76.34
77.92
118.16
121.26
..
..
125.30
230.24
126.77
139.33
142.92
101.22
165.48
..
80.58
146.07
..
122.16
109.51
92.95
GERMANY*

600
120
500
100
400
80
300
60
200
40
20
100
0
1971
1976
Coal
250
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
700
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
250
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

600
1200
Industry
2008
Other use
1000
500
800
400
600
300
400
200
200
100
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
GERMANY
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
478.14
199.10
226.71
40.96
3.57
4.51
1.87
1.42
-
510.25
201.47
205.52
73.12
6.22
20.71
2.34
0.88
-
502.01
183.63
173.78
78.56
6.85
56.91
2.14
0.01
0.02
0.11
-0.00
481.84
121.18
179.14
102.62
11.23
63.14
2.67
0.18
1.31
0.38
-0.00
475.57
123.82
149.14
109.78
33.97
52.32
2.57
0.30
5.71
-2.03
-0.01
478.98
115.67
158.76
109.34
33.45
55.28
2.57
0.35
6.04
-2.47
-0.01
455.47
103.59
148.43
109.14
36.80
50.23
2.14
0.65
5.99
-1.51
-0.01
0.29
-0.47
-1.55
3.91
3.90
16.09
0.79
-13.78
-
2009e
2028
0.22
82.1
5.55
88.6
80.1
..
591
99.6
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.36
1.71
-2.02
-1.94
0.03
0.19
0.26
-0.45
-2.02
-1.94
-2.77
-4.18
-0.13
-0.89
2.26
0.79
1.57
1.59
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
-0.26
-2.54
-0.50
1.85
9.21
-0.16
1.03
21.89
35.71
3.95

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
1039
0.46
79.0
6.06
181.5
300.5
118.4
374
70.1
1980
1226
0.42
78.3
6.52
164.1
257.7
125.6
466
75.6
1990
1543
0.33
79.4
6.33
128.3
186.6
115.9
548
91.3
2000
1900
0.25
82.2
5.86
100.0
100.0
100.0
572
100.0
2007
2069
0.23
82.3
5.78
90.6
93.8
100.2
630
120.9
2008
2095
0.23
82.1
5.83
90.2
86.6
98.6
631
121.2

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
51.64
34.97
106.08
-
55.43
35.43
113.63
-
44.06
27.23
102.55
0.12
18.66
15.86
52.05
0.04
13.61
8.84
55.54
-
10.44
7.27
53.79
-
8.97
5.15
52.11
-
-1.32
-2.06
-0.28
-
-7.69
-7.08
-3.52
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
52.24
37.95
377.89
-
56.04
38.46
389.73
-
44.58
31.98
357.47
0.43
18.86
18.51
167.69
0.15
13.75
10.43
180.41
-
10.55
8.51
175.31
-
9.06
5.91
169.86
-
-1.31
-1.42
-0.46
-
-7.69
-7.09
-3.88
-

GERMANY
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
345.30
75.92
190.42
30.18
2.50
38.44
7.84
355.23
66.96
175.26
51.16
2.72
48.14
10.99
344.27
53.23
159.16
58.62
4.25
0.01
0.02
55.91
13.07
331.53
12.77
163.81
78.74
6.72
0.18
0.16
59.40
9.76
351.78
12.42
149.72
85.48
13.50
0.22
0.40
64.60
25.43
326.17
11.83
133.13
83.43
17.68
0.26
0.45
64.79
14.60
336.68
12.17
143.13
83.99
17.13
0.29
0.51
64.57
14.90
-0.02
-2.07
-1.05
3.98
3.17
2.23
3.05
-0.12
-7.87
-0.59
2.02
8.05
20.57
21.21
0.80
0.73
126.06
37.81
46.15
17.87
0.04
21.91
2.27
112.62
35.06
25.59
24.59
0.04
24.52
2.82
94.52
28.34
10.10
24.91
1.13
26.60
3.44
73.33
10.54
7.35
27.52
0.65
26.00
1.29
81.90
10.64
5.55
24.65
1.98
28.18
10.90
80.22
9.56
5.14
25.43
5.10
29.82
5.17
78.93
9.89
5.05
24.67
5.06
29.75
4.51
-1.68
-1.68
-8.55
1.97
21.74
1.15
2.47
-1.00
-5.68
-3.78
-0.05
8.67
0.62
1.51
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
51.61
2.46
47.94
-
63.14
0.36
61.23
0.09
78.08
0.02
76.38
-
85.81
0.01
83.52
-
80.47
73.52
-
78.79
71.32
-
77.29
70.86
-
2.47
-24.22
2.78
-
-0.06
-0.42
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.21
86.85
20.44
48.19
1.59
1.47
78.39
17.27
35.76
1.79
1.68
89.96
13.89
25.84
20.63
0.32
1.95
93.14
1.31
27.83
33.48 e
4.95
2.00
92.54
0.86
25.98
41.15
5.47
2.00
87.67
1.31
15.84
40.22
4.40
2.03
97.36
1.38
23.33
41.45
1.94
0.21
-2.25
-3.60
16.26
1.05
0.44
-12.03
-0.56
3.95
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.41
9.65
5.57
39.17
9.31
22.98
0.90
1.28
14.13
8.17
40.70
9.73
21.38
1.03
3.11
0.01
0.01 e
16.84
9.63
40.51
8.11
15.04
7.45
5.75
0.18
0.08
16.03
8.47
35.82
0.44
12.60
8.29
6.57
0.22
0.39
17.38
39.06
0.51
12.09
10.44
7.10
0.26
0.43
17.21
5.30
37.66
0.43
8.83
9.52
7.64
0.29
0.51
17.14
5.62
41.88
0.39
12.60
9.52
4.77
3.33
3.27
0.20
-0.81
-2.46
13.21
5.11
20.57
24.15
0.10
-2.95
0.19
-15.49
-0.98
1.37
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.05
4.92
24.61
3.21
20.27
1.14
1.41
7.15
32.80
2.22
26.76
3.82
9.91
32.78
1.20
28.36
3.22
14.49
35.81
0.39
32.35
3.07
0.02
16.01
35.95
0.38
32.50
3.07
0.02
0.02
14.72
4.13
35.46
0.53
31.95
2.98
0.02
14.59
4.77
34.55
0.50
31.29
2.76
4.20
1.70
-5.62
2.00
6.32
2.17
0.29
-4.73
0.55
-0.85
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
e
e
e
GERMANY
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
202.0
21.8
-26.1
1.5
204.5
20.6
-22.5
-1.1
174.0
16.4
-11.7
4.9
86.6
31.7
-0.8
3.6
78.0
46.9
-1.1
0.1
71.5
45.8
-1.5
-0.1
66.2
38.2
-1.3
0.4
-0.9
-1.6
-4.6
x
-4.8
5.9
-10.6
x
Primary supply
199.1
201.5
183.6
121.2
123.8
115.7
103.6
-0.5
-2.5
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.6
..
-115.6 e
-129.1 e
-127.3 e
-106.6 e
-110.1
-102.3
..
0.6
-1.2

-104.1
-99.8
-4.3
-115.8
-94.1
-21.6
-115.4 e
-98.5 e
-16.9 e
-98.8 e
-91.5 e
-7.3
-103.1
-95.3
-7.8
-95.5
-87.9
-7.6
..
..
..
0.6
-0.1
8.4
-1.0
-0.6
-4.3
Autoproducers
Gas works
-3.5
-8.0 e
1.9
-9.2 e
-0.9
0.3
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-2.1
-1.5
-11.2 e
1.2
-10.1 e
-2.5
0.2
-10.5 e
-1.4
-8.0 e
-1.2
0.2
-7.8 e
-0.2
-7.9 e
0.2
0.0
..
-5.0
-7.0
-0.1
-6.9
0.1
0.0
-6.8
-0.0
-6.8
0.0
-
..
..
..
..
..
1.6
-0.8
1.5
-3.6
-2.4
-17.8
-0.9
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-6.6
-4.9
-3.4
-1.7
-1.6
-1.4
..
-3.9
-4.6
Losses
-1.3
-0.7
-0.3
-0.5
-0.4
-0.4
..
75.9
67.0
53.2
12.8
11.8
12.2
..
-2.1
-7.9
37.8
13.3 e
9.2
1.6
1.2
35.1
10.4 e
8.3
2.9
1.3
28.3
7.8 e
6.3
3.3
1.3
10.5
5.6 e
0.6
2.8
0.5
9.6
6.0
0.4
2.1
0.4
9.9
6.1
0.6
2.0
0.7
..
..
..
..
..
-1.7
-3.1
-2.2
4.5
0.3
-5.7
-1.3
-12.4
-2.9
-3.2
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
2.5
0.4
0.0
0.0
..
-24.2
32.4
9.3
20.4
29.3
9.7
17.3
23.7
8.1
13.9
1.8
0.4
1.3
1.7
0.4
1.3
1.8
0.4
1.4
..
..
..
-1.8
-0.8
-2.2
-13.4
-15.5
-12.0
3.2
2.2
1.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
..
-5.6
-4.7
GERMANY
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
45.08
34.59
21.05
13.55
1.46
5.15
0.25
1.88
0.48
0.28
2.26
2.00
-
44.75
33.78
26.06
7.73
0.78
1.73
6.53
2.57
1.64
0.56
1.76
0.71
0.01
44.50
38.77
35.67
3.10
0.15
2.53
2.44
0.21
0.27
1.35
0.43
0.19
0.29
-
41.76
35.38
32.74
2.65
0.09
2.77
3.34
1.41
0.70
0.34
0.47
0.43
0.57
0.06
43.85
38.63
35.77
2.86
0.09
2.98
3.33
1.61
0.68
0.33
0.51
0.21
0.49
0.05
47.10
40.07
36.39
3.68
0.09
3.12
2.42
1.02
0.14
0.67
0.43
0.17
1.28
0.06
44.05
37.50
33.64
3.86
3.07
2.89
1.08
0.28
0.65
0.68
0.21
1.15
0.06
-0.06
-0.20
1.79
-4.57
-5.14
2.00
2.66
10.75
5.92
-2.05
-8.24
-
-0.09
0.58
1.43
-3.79
3.24
-4.43
-11.58
-5.03
1.00
-11.11
2.72
11.84
41.88
6.58
5.70
0.88
34.30
1.01
-
42.22
18.12
14.24
3.88
24.09
-
24.46
13.04
10.17
2.87
11.42
-
22.19
12.02
10.73
1.28
10.18
-
21.69
11.32
9.95
1.38
10.37
-
23.00
12.56
11.40
1.16
10.44
-
20.01
9.76
8.76
1.00
10.25
-
0.07
8.81
7.93
13.17
-2.90
-
-4.06
-3.38
-2.67
-7.23
-4.64
-
383.17
224.46
210.89
13.57
130.03
0.02
20.55
0.24
10.63
0.13
0.88
8.66
2.36
-
364.05
227.90
209.11
18.79
104.92
0.14
20.36
0.76
7.55
0.49
0.60
10.96
7.87
-
169.94
157.39
155.39
2.00
11.36
0.45
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.05
0.02
177.89
165.28
163.32
1.95
11.31
0.37
0.18
0.01
0.03
0.15
0.02
0.04
176.38
162.94
161.12
1.83
11.97
0.56
0.15
0.01
0.40
0.04
180.56
167.46
165.20
2.26
11.55
0.53
0.02
0.34
0.17
0.04
174.83
160.93
158.51
2.42
12.42
0.56
0.01
0.41
0.13
0.03
-0.43
0.13
-0.07
2.75
-1.77
18.25
-0.08
10.07
-2.81
11.48
-3.20
1.98
10.58
-
-3.99
-1.91
-1.53
-10.76
-11.18
-18.14
-19.89
-14.98
-21.71
-

GERMANY
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
83.97
74.14
60.70
100.08
141.13
98.58
141.95
104.43
122.96
42.94
119.49
119.34
80.73
205.66
..
78.92
252.91
..
91.38
266.07
..
154.47
408.65
..
111.47
300.16
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
98.52
62.91
74.07
..
83.25
120.31
71.78
133.23
..
122.13
185.76
63.02
102.27
..
145.88
..
c
..
123.70
146.16
..
c
..
216.35
..
..
c
..
265.21
..
..
c
..
281.38
..
..
c
..
422.75
..
..
c
..
312.12
..
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
85.18
106.60
80.15
91.83
183.55
117.75
115.81
120.76
130.58
46.02
181.50
166.48
64.19
231.78
..
62.13
282.20
..
65.89
271.93
..
104.36
391.33
..
79.25
302.48
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
101.18
64.15
106.50
..
109.93
111.77
66.21
173.28
..
145.87
153.44
51.68
118.26
..
154.92
..
c
..
187.90
203.90
..
c
..
243.83
..
..
c
..
295.93
..
..
c
..
287.58
..
..
c
..
404.83
..
..
c
..
314.53
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
21.76
14.76
..
..
1.74
5.27
20.63
15.09
2.99
12.10
0.62
4.92
16.43
12.43
1.69
10.75
1.06
2.94
31.74
24.84
4.56
20.28
0.91
5.99
37.64
33.86
7.36
26.50
0.00
3.78
42.54
38.81
8.98
29.83
0.02
3.71
46.91
42.23
9.53
32.71
0.01
4.67
45.84
41.48
9.16
32.32
0.02
4.35
38.24
34.99
6.38
28.61
0.01
3.25
26.14
13.58
..
..
0.01
12.56
22.53
12.25
8.52
3.73
0.00
10.28
11.65
5.59
3.96
1.63
0.05
0.12
5.89
0.80
0.29
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.04
0.47
0.91
0.26
0.26
0.00
0.03
0.61
1.00
0.20
0.20
0.00
0.03
0.76
1.15
0.32
0.32
0.00
0.83
1.54
0.53
0.53
0.00
1.00
1.27
0.32
0.11
0.21
0.01
0.94
GERMANY
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
12865
15547
13580
15052
27948
42132
46287
45427
38475
2435
48
553
89
2235
4
82
20
26
102
1706
58
25
28
116
48
2
1427
434
20
1
147
613
210
4608
3414
865
50
257
19
8692
3985
1666
2
962
1640
10
9627
4778
1663
1036
1802
-
9255
3804
1449
753
2400
-
6448
2565
611
295
1597
-
20
1725
363
1638
177
1252
1
1
-
2
1
-
176
64
103
84
114
150
70
14
182
488
37
142
194
430
336
420
10430
763
428
152
2041
554
399
637
13312
720
235
346
2709
180
1072
918
11874
1094
45
248
2583
284
689
637
13625
505
83
922
3116
36
2066
988
23340
301
1061
6744
37
432
1236
33440
763
13
8224
418
74
36660
848
97
10
5638
1463
-
36172
772
46
13
5091
8
2973
65
32027
1042
498
14
3761
65
2827
117
21
1108
96
4231
9
19
3196
166
3742
8
128
38
4512
157
1451
84
995
194
4228
199
13
193
3
-
67
2719
149
4577
937
341
114
4625
4008
8506
8609
2825
5809
7539
8907
6349
4485
8327
9120
5272
6293
4890
9193
3327

GERMANY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
13354
5701
4002
730
110
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
12335
213
1897
5020
2480
375
286
975
447
234
18
89
198
103
5640
146
960
2446
1600
486
2
-
3902
717
1443
859
465
415
3
-
730
1
481
1
1
238
7
1
-
3
1
1
1
-
5
5
-
1019
15
520
5
479
61
61
100
100
-
105
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

GERMANY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
5737
3539
1510
1120
276
199
310
519
201
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
5381
15
2123
944
1574
7
32
14
467
18
6
38
60
32
51
-
2293
51
1022
3
1
525
9
25
7
157
71
1
67
354
-
1186
6
678
3
81
5
28
1
48
45
1
42
5
38
205
-
1120
12
853
2
144
6
32
11
60
-
275
98
82
75
1
6
3
3
1
5
1
-
191
22
71
87
2
1
2
6
-
301
55
72
4
111
1
45
1
5
2
5
-
507
14
110
3
328
1
1
15
20
1
8
3
3
-
29
7
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
3
2
4
2
-
53
53
963
13
6
1
943
324
5
3
316
1
1
-
8
3
2
3
2
2
-
4
2
2
303
283
10
168
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

GERMANY
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
63.76
67.24
46.10
74.74
113.48
135.72
133.45
182.72
240.22
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
55.97
60.33
66.67
66.68
60.93
..
96.62
..
65.10
67.69
62.38
78.37
57.59
73.55
..
..
..
..
43.04
40.03
..
44.16
43.16
53.44
..
..
..
69.21
72.40
..
131.53
80.27
..
..
..
76.11
104.77
110.62
..
157.75
120.72
538.07
..
..
89.56
140.44
153.08
..
117.59
126.39
..
..
..
85.79
132.39
137.52
..
147.19
131.66
..
..
..
81.15
217.74
180.05
..
430.07
151.09
172.05
..
..
136.07
282.87
223.30
..
158.89
151.81
..
193.09
..
130.86
Steam coal(3)
57.87
53.53
33.45
61.22
72.48
70.12
81.49
138.84
100.87
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
62.06
66.66
63.93
62.25
55.69
73.16
61.65
47.20
47.72
51.00
88.38
64.04
46.86
50.00
33.06
45.24
46.38
41.35
32.19
..
37.25
31.39
35.85
37.57
34.09
33.42
34.88
62.45
..
67.98
67.44
41.45
48.23
64.48
51.47
63.89
..
..
85.54
73.74
73.70
85.99
69.49
67.69
68.13
105.93
..
89.31
73.56
69.53
..
68.68
67.61
65.11
64.73
116.92
90.41
91.16
98.66
228.55
76.67
75.05
76.21
129.56
..
152.10
154.54
135.78
..
152.34
144.76
139.38
152.06
..
199.57
104.83
102.27
..
87.91
82.97
93.84
GREECE*
500
45
450
40
400
35
350
30
300
25
250
20
200
15
150
10
100
50
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
14
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
Coal/TPES
Renewables
2009e
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
16
14
12
12
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
70
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

60
120
Industry
2008
Other use
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
GREECE
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
16.87
3.01
12.95
0.64
0.27
0.01
-
21.40
4.66
15.60
0.64
0.42
0.08
-
30.63
11.52
17.24
0.20
1.28
0.22
0.00
0.08
0.09
-
38.69
12.91
21.26
2.43
1.44
0.45
0.00
0.20
-0.00
-
43.17
12.62
22.73
4.80
1.69
0.32
0.02
0.45
0.54
-
43.46
11.89
23.42
5.01
1.50
0.41
0.02
0.52
0.69
-
41.49
11.46
22.76
4.24
1.38
0.58
0.03
0.50
0.54
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.57
8.23
1.70
4.12
-1.33
17.63
-
1.96
0.17
1.71
19.68
0.90
3.55
11.05
10.93
12.16
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
77
0.22
9.1
1.86
71.8
38.4
48.5
15
56.6
1980
94
0.23
9.8
2.18
74.7
48.7
62.3
23
75.6
1990
101
0.30
10.3
2.96
99.8
112.5
83.2
35
83.2
2000
127
0.30
10.9
3.54
100.0
100.0
100.0
53
100.0
2007
170
0.25
11.2
3.86
83.6
73.3
95.9
63
102.0
2008
173
0.25
11.2
3.87
82.5
67.7
96.5
63
100.3
2009e
171
0.24
11.2
3.69
79.7
65.9
..
55
91.4
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.59
3.04
1.95
-1.05
0.76
0.46
2.78
1.49
1.95
-1.05
6.53
-2.78
3.22
0.83
5.15
3.35
2.30
1.04
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
3.97
-
4.22
-
10.17
-
11.75
-
11.98
-
11.61
-
11.44
-
8.16
-
0.74
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
21.82
-
23.20
-
51.90
-
63.89
-
66.31
-
65.72
-
64.72
-
7.49
-
1.32
-

GREECE
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
12.18
0.74
9.24
0.00
0.64
1.56
-
15.29
0.67
11.53
0.00
0.64
2.45
-
20.71
1.72
13.97
0.16
1.28
0.00
0.08
3.50
-
26.36
1.25
17.73
0.54
1.35
0.00
0.14
5.30
0.04
30.54
0.57
20.69
1.17
1.40
0.02
0.16
6.45
0.08
31.14
0.76
20.46
1.21
1.63
0.02
0.23
6.78
0.06
30.27
0.57
19.53
1.43
1.44
0.02
0.25
6.96
0.06
3.17
5.08
2.46
24.99
4.12
4.86
-
2.13
-5.98
1.88
12.97
0.69
11.05
6.42
3.90
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
4.19
0.53
2.75
0.00
0.91
-
5.52
0.45
3.78
0.00
1.29
-
5.69
1.51
2.40
0.01
0.27
1.49
-
6.34
1.22
2.78
0.35
0.33
1.66
-
6.02
0.57
2.77
0.64
0.31
0.00
1.74
-
6.55
0.76
2.99
0.58
0.34
1.88
-
6.01
0.56
2.52
0.65
0.38
1.90
-
1.81
6.35
-0.80
21.42
2.97
-
0.30
-5.40
0.27
25.54
1.80
1.38
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.95
0.02
2.92
-
4.55
0.00
4.54
-
7.20
0.00
7.18
-
9.14
9.11
-
10.74
10.63
0.02
11.09
10.91
0.03
10.75
10.59
0.03
5.38
-17.43
5.43
-
2.25
2.18
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.01
2.80
0.06
1.72
0.00
0.01
2.84
0.06
1.44
0.00
0.02
4.35
0.03
2.12
0.00
0.03
6.40
0.03
3.44
0.01
0.07
0.03
7.84
0.00
4.23
0.20
0.12
0.03
7.68
0.00
3.78
0.25
0.10
0.03
7.45
0.01
3.65
0.30
5.92
2.63
-4.19
1.25
4.03
3.67
3.03
-6.72
3.06
29.05
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.64
0.38
0.25
0.00
0.64
0.69
0.40
0.00
1.00
..
0.08
1.11
0.93
0.00
0.23
0.01
1.00
..
0.14
1.75
0.04
1.87
0.35
0.01
1.00
0.01
0.15
2.17
0.08
2.96
0.64
0.13
1.15
0.01
0.22
2.21
0.06
3.05
0.58
0.15
0.95
0.01
0.24
2.23
0.06
3.17
0.56
0.18
2.65
6.58
7.96
9.17
-0.31
6.34
3.92
7.05
5.08
19.57
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.25
0.76
0.12
0.64
-
0.40
0.71
0.15
0.56
-
0.00
0.69
1.00
0.17
0.70
0.14
0.00
0.00
1.51
1.03
0.85
0.17
0.01
0.00
2.18
1.30
1.11
0.19
0.00
0.00
2.31
1.20
1.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
2.42
1.33
0.00
1.06
0.27
6.12
1.63
1.77
0.52
-
13.39
7.23
1.61
-27.69
2.37
3.82
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
GREECE
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
2.4
0.7
-0.0
-0.1
4.2
0.5
-0.1
10.2
1.3
0.0
11.7
1.2
-0.1
0.1
12.0
0.5
-0.0
0.1
11.6
0.6
-0.0
-0.3
11.4
0.2
-0.1
8.8
4.0
x
0.7
-4.3
x
3.0
4.7
11.5
12.9
12.6
11.9
11.5
8.2
0.2
-0.0
-0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
-2.1 e
-3.9 e
-9.9
-11.7
-11.9
-11.4
..
9.5
0.8

Autoproducers
-2.0
-2.0
-
-3.8
-3.8
-
-9.8
-9.8
-
-11.7
-11.7
-
-11.9
-11.9
-
-11.4
-11.4
-
..
..
..
9.8
9.8
-
0.8
0.8
-
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
-0.1 e
0.0
-0.1 e
0.0
-
-0.1 e
0.0
-0.1 e
-0.1
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.1
..
..
0.7
0.7
1.7
1.3
0.8
0.6
..
5.1
-6.0
Iron and steel

Chemical
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
-
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
-
1.5
0.1
1.2
-
1.2
1.0
-
0.8
0.5
-
0.6
0.3
-
..
..
..
..
..
6.3
5.6
36.6
-
-5.4
-6.8
-
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
-17.4
Other(7)
Residential
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-2.9
-4.2
-7.9
-6.7
Non-energy use
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
..
1.8
-27.7
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
(5)
Industry
..
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
0.0
0.0
-
..
..
..
..
..
-6.3
-
..
GREECE
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.15
0.02
0.13
0.13
0.00
-
1.38
1.38
1.29
0.09
0.00
-
1.12
0.01
0.01
1.12
1.05
0.07
-
0.56
0.56
0.43
0.13
0.00
-
0.46
0.46
0.37
0.09
0.00
-
0.71
0.71
0.57
0.14
0.00
-
0.52
0.52
0.38
0.14
0.00
-
20.18
21.66
-3.54
-8.75
-
-5.25
-5.27
-6.54
2.69
6.29
-
0.21
0.21
-
21.74
19.83
19.83
0.66
0.36
0.21
0.16
0.83
52.05
50.53
50.53
0.35
0.52
0.20
0.02
0.30
0.06
0.58
64.56
63.86
63.86
0.24
0.38
0.00
0.38
0.03
-
70.10
69.43
69.43
0.41
0.22
0.22
0.01
-
64.60
63.96
63.96
0.27
0.35
0.35
0.00
-
66.37
65.87
65.87
0.19
0.31
0.31
0.00
-
64.63
64.26
64.26
0.04
0.30
0.30
0.03
-
7.55
8.11
8.11
-5.14
2.96
-0.25
5.46
-2.96
1.21
1.34
1.34
-11.48
-2.89
0.09
-3.34
-

GREECE
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
49.62
..
..
99.40
..
..
116.53
..
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
93.42
..
58.87
..
x
119.98
..
118.71
..
x
..
..
116.53
..
x
..
..
..
170.14
153.52
..
..
240.10
261.75
243.00
..
..
276.18
295.64
..
..
..
..
346.30
343.28
..
..
..
470.29
500.81
..
..
..
355.68
343.12
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
7.35
..
..
17.04
..
..
74.15
..
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
..
..
c
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
8.82
..
8.72
..
x
13.11
..
20.35
..
x
..
..
74.15
..
x
..
..
..
249.44
211.00
..
..
265.07
288.97
251.50
..
..
301.87
323.14
..
..
..
..
346.70
322.19
..
..
..
441.16
440.42
..
..
..
351.11
317.54
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.67
0.63
..
..
0.05
0.55
0.51
0.38
0.13
0.04
1.31
1.28
1.28
0.03
1.16
1.16
1.16
0.00
0.57
0.56
0.56
0.00
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.00
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.00
-
0.03
..
..
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.00
-
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
-
GREECE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
349
2040
1380
1409
1245
383
605
664
165
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
213
159
54
-
136
48
1
75
-
2040
588
2
17
61
1136
-
1380
35
4
1409
36
-
1245
110
-
383
73
605
67
664
66
76
165
23
12
-
207
29
-
1017
324
-
1123
250
-
119
205
447
321
43
-
71
11
225
3
-
72
18
36
412
-
110
18
51
329
14
-
131
11
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

GREECE
Coking coal
(1)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
Steam coal(3)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
40.74
288.28
402.73
306.61
304.84
306.70
310.94
380.10
255.93
40.88
..
201.72
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
288.28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.47
42.95
32.02
58.84
54.72
70.79
78.44
117.37
133.42
..
..
131.94
..
52.03
..
29.06
..
42.36
..
..
179.85
..
..
..
45.00
40.52
54.16
..
..
112.43
..
24.40
31.20
33.32
29.73
37.42
..
..
178.07
..
76.30
41.49
..
..
64.21
..
..
198.06
..
..
..
..
69.89
46.37
..
..
198.12
..
..
..
77.16
69.59
69.71
..
..
252.12
..
..
..
79.58
..
75.73
..
..
341.67
..
120.31
..
..
..
97.49
..
..
346.31
..
..
..
99.14
195.66
54.30
HUNGARY*
120
45
40
100
35
80
30
25
60
20
15
40
10
20
5
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
14
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
12
12
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
45
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
14
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

100
40
90
35
80
Industry
2008
Other use
70
30
60
25
50
20
40
15
30
10
20
10
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
HUNGARY
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
30.39
11.29
11.64
5.96
0.91
0.01
0.57
-
40.50
12.04
15.42
11.39
0.74
0.01
0.91
-
40.94
8.72
11.93
12.73
0.94
5.11
0.02
0.12
1.37
-
35.71
5.50
9.47
13.79
1.08
5.30
0.02
0.12
0.42
-
38.18
4.47
10.40
15.29
1.89
5.48
0.03
0.12
0.02
0.49
-
37.80
4.34
9.99
15.08
2.18
5.54
0.03
0.14
0.03
0.48
-
35.51
3.72
9.62
13.01
2.50
5.76
0.03
0.15
0.05
0.68
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.77
-1.51
0.14
4.57
0.15
3.39
5.26
-
-0.44
-3.80
-0.98
0.95
4.79
0.44
1.00
0.59
-5.66
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
31
0.99
10.4
2.92
131.2
316.7
91.9
18
..
e
e
e
e
e
1980
39
1.03
10.7
3.78
136.6
263.7
104.6
24
70.0
e
e
e
e
e
1990
44
0.93
10.4
3.95
123.2
170.4
115.4
28
68.3
e
e
e
e
e
2000
47
0.76
10.2
3.50
100.0
100.0
100.0
35
100.0
2007
61
0.62
10.1
3.80
82.8
62.9
88.7
40
155.9
2008
61
0.61
10.0
3.77
81.4
60.7
89.7
40
155.9
2009e
60
0.59
10.0
3.55
78.6
53.5
..
36
128.6
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.14
1.88
-0.37
-2.28
-0.03
-0.18
1.80
-0.27
-0.37
-2.28
-3.58
-5.58
1.34
-1.39
2.85
1.92
4.69
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.87
8.20
-
0.89
8.17
-
0.17
5.72
-
4.13
-
2.53
-
2.42
-
2.31
-
-12.69
-2.96
-
-4.67
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.86
25.24
-
0.88
25.14
-
0.17
17.33
-
14.03
-
9.82
-
9.40
-
8.99
-
-12.69
-3.09
-
-3.34
-

HUNGARY
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
23.61
5.44
9.23
4.39
0.88
2.16
1.51
30.81
4.78
12.86
6.86
0.71
3.14
2.46
29.61
3.43
10.17
8.85
0.88
0.12
3.88
2.27
24.55
0.77
7.43
9.56
0.99
0.11
3.62
2.07
28.10
0.85
9.67
10.58
1.04
0.12
0.00
4.08
1.77
26.73
0.72
9.70
9.24
1.11
0.12
0.00
4.15
1.70
26.54
0.74
9.37
9.24
1.20
0.13
0.01
4.22
1.65
1.34
-2.67
0.57
4.21
0.01
3.52
2.43
-0.61
-8.20
-0.46
0.23
1.70
0.29
0.46
-1.76
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
8.76
2.15
2.18
2.42
0.03
1.32
0.66
10.59
1.77
2.43
3.76
0.02
1.70
0.91
8.62
0.74
1.28
4.58
0.00
1.69
0.33
4.66
0.42
0.38
1.96
0.09
1.08
0.74
4.48
0.51
0.30
1.80
0.17
0.00
1.15
0.54
4.42
0.51
0.31
1.74
0.18
0.00
1.16
0.51
4.43
0.50
0.29
1.73
0.17
0.00
1.22
0.52
-0.09
-6.05
-3.09
3.83
-10.48
1.46
-4.03
-3.64
-2.21
-7.90
-5.26
22.95
-1.81
2.58
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.26
0.54
2.62
-
4.11
0.18
3.80
-
4.19
0.00
4.04
0.00
4.34
0.00
4.21
0.00
6.12
5.95
0.00
6.32
6.13
0.00
6.47
6.08
0.00
1.49
-30.33
2.58
-
2.44
2.30
14.89
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.10
5.42
1.99
1.41
0.49
0.13
7.36
2.48
1.75
0.88
0.15
9.66
2.49
1.67
2.35
0.12
7.98
0.27
0.44
4.32
0.02
0.15
8.86
0.33
0.23
5.20
0.04
0.15
7.93
0.19
0.16
4.53
0.24
0.15
7.95
0.23
0.15
4.70
2.40
3.46
1.32
0.98
9.71
0.04
-1.08
-12.37
-12.61
3.94
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.80
0.31
0.41
1.60
0.61
0.24
0.19
0.65
0.62
0.98
2.00
0.30
0.64
0.30
0.85
1.13
1.19
2.88
0.13
0.41
0.88
0.79
1.20
0.95
4.32
0.03
0.10
2.53
0.74
0.00
1.41
0.95
4.59
0.01
0.04
2.81
0.77
0.00
1.38
0.89
4.06
0.00
0.03
2.18
0.66
0.01
1.41
0.79
3.98
0.00
0.03
2.06
0.31
7.83
6.43
3.51
-8.68
3.15
9.41
-1.35
1.23
-2.22
1.81
-16.81
-14.05
4.86
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.28
0.28
1.84
0.98
0.86
0.00
0.33
0.43
3.51
2.20
1.30
0.01
0.12
0.68
0.65
2.48
1.69
0.79
0.08
0.11
1.09
0.37
2.27
1.80
0.47
0.09
0.09
0.00
1.27
0.28
3.27
2.79
0.48
0.11
0.09
0.00
1.33
0.30
3.29
2.73
0.56
0.11
0.11
0.00
1.33
0.34
2.95
2.45
0.50
5.28
5.08
1.79
3.27
-0.48
11.81
-0.63
3.80
-3.54
0.97
2.07
-2.48
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
HUNGARY
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
8.6
2.5
-0.2
0.3
9.1
3.2
-0.0
-0.2
5.9
2.3
-0.0
0.5
4.1
1.7
-0.2
-0.2
2.5
2.4
-0.5
-0.0
2.4
2.4
-0.4
-0.1
2.3
1.5
-0.2
0.1
-2.2
-0.4
-28.6
x
-4.8
0.2
45.0
x
Primary supply
11.3
12.0
8.7
5.5
4.5
4.3
3.7
-1.5
-3.8
1.2
0.6
-0.7
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
-6.9 e
-7.8 e
-4.5 e
-4.6 e
-3.6 e
-3.5 e
..
-2.5
-1.4

Autoproducers
-5.8
-5.4
-0.4
-6.9
-6.5
-0.4
-4.5
-4.2
-0.2
-4.1
-4.1
-
-3.1
-3.1
-0.0
-3.0
-3.0
-0.0
..
..
..
-1.5
-1.4
-3.5
-2.3
-2.0
-25.4
Gas works
-0.1
-0.1
..
-1.0 e
0.4
-0.9 e
-0.4
-0.1
-0.8 e
0.4
-0.9 e
-0.3
0.0
0.0 e
0.7
-0.6 e
-0.1
0.0
-0.5 e
0.0
-0.4 e
-0.2
-
-0.5 e
-0.0
-0.4 e
-0.2
-
-0.5 e
-0.0
-0.3 e
-0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
-2.6
-5.3
-
-2.8
0.6
-
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
..
-0.2
1.2
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
5.4
4.8
3.4
0.8
0.7
0.7
..
-2.7
-8.2
Iron and steel

Chemical
2.1
0.9 e
0.1
0.5
0.0
1.8
0.9 e
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.5 e
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.3 e
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.3 e
0.0
0.2
-
0.5
0.3 e
0.0
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
-6.1
-3.6
-7.9
-9.7
-14.1
-2.2
-2.3
-16.5
4.1
-
Transport(6)
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
..
-30.3
Other(7)
2.8
0.6
2.0
2.8
0.3
2.5
2.7
0.1
2.5
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
..
..
..
-0.1
-8.7
1.3
-12.6
-16.8
-12.4
..
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
HUNGARY
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.53
0.21
0.21
0.01
0.19
0.19
0.00
0.11
-
0.55
0.23
0.23
0.02
0.21
0.21
0.00
0.09
-
0.51
0.28
0.28
0.01
0.15
0.15
0.00
0.06
-
0.48
0.26
0.26
0.00
0.17
0.16
0.01
0.04
-
1.74
1.38
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.16
-
0.97
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.01
-
1.28
1.28
-
0.81
0.81
-
1.30
1.30
-
1.46
1.46
-
1.43
1.43
-
-4.74
-3.04
-10.91
-9.91
-20.46
-
2.18
2.26
-
26.22
18.29
17.61
0.68
1.42
2.67
0.27
0.27
1.06
0.06
1.00
3.18
-
19.01
14.53
14.34
0.20
1.50
0.65
0.08
0.09
0.20
0.01
0.27
2.18
-
13.89
13.02
13.02
0.10
0.14
0.14
0.00
0.01
0.55
-
10.25
9.81
9.81
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.36
-
10.18
9.73
9.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
-
10.09
9.78
9.78
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.25
-
9.93
9.53
9.53
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.35
-
-2.65
-1.90
-1.70
-9.75
0.46
-11.15
-9.63
-8.72
-13.03
-17.57
-10.39
-3.11
-
-3.54
-2.32
-2.24
-20.77
-33.38
-13.97
-8.38
-23.84
-9.64
-

HUNGARY
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
33.66
60.78
51.33
90.60
64.33
76.50
c
105.44
77.67
c
..
222.34
c
..
304.81
c
..
384.31
c
..
485.08
c
..
399.65
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
c
..
..
..
50.47
c
77.69
..
66.66
100.92
c
70.64
..
102.01
..
c
95.91
99.70
85.27
..
c
..
243.38
268.82
..
c
..
283.95
350.89
..
c
..
324.34
454.37
..
c
..
459.28
585.67
..
c
..
324.26
475.56
For industry
(1 000 Hungarian forints / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
0.372
2.740
2.147
1.700
5.635
6.217
c
41.246
28.191
c
..
57.038
c
..
82.454
c
..
90.714
c
..
107.559
c
..
103.825
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
c
..
..
..
0.917
c
3.430
..
2.788
3.700
c
6.060
..
8.290
..
c
36.743
38.194
30.950
..
c
..
65.906
68.963
..
c
..
81.081
94.922
..
c
..
80.812
107.252
..
c
..
107.495
129.863
..
c
..
88.920
123.548
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
2.49
0.66
..
..
0.40
1.43
3.17
0.85
0.85
0.57
1.74
2.33
0.64
0.64
0.79
0.90
1.73
1.26
1.26
0.46
0.01
2.08
1.43
0.96
0.47
0.43
0.22
2.22
1.77
1.35
0.42
0.39
0.06
2.45
2.04
1.58
0.47
0.37
0.04
2.43
1.95
1.54
0.40
0.46
0.03
1.54
1.32
1.04
0.27
0.21
0.01
0.16
..
..
0.04
0.12
0.03
0.03
-
0.00
0.00
-
0.19
0.00
0.19
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.10
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.28
0.48
0.13
0.35
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.35
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.21
HUNGARY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
Hard Coal
817
478
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
817
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
610
1418 e
1234
1759
2000
1931
1304
478
-
610
-
1418 e
-
1234
800
251
51
-
1260
32
449
154
105
-
1469
64
462
119
486
-
1440
18
72
236
96
839
-
973
368
22
379
23
817 e
-
478 e
-
610 e
-
- e
1418
132
-
225
295
-
251
87
-
132
47
-
156
25
-
499
67
216
-
531
96
139
-
491
91
119
5
331
37
54
7
216
-
294
2
-
251
25
-
233
-

ICELAND*

9
14000
12000
10000
8000
5
4
6000
4000
2000
0
1971
1976
Coal
0.18
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
0.16
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.00
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
18
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
0.18
0.00
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2.5
Industry
2008
Other use
16
2.0
14
12
1.5
10
8
1.0
6
4
0.5
2
0.0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
ICELAND
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1.60
0.00
0.82
0.27
0.50
-
2.14
0.03
0.82
0.38
0.91
-
2.98
0.09
0.89
0.52
1.48
-
4.43
0.14
1.00
0.00
0.78
2.51
-
6.99
0.16
1.18
0.01
1.03
4.61
-
7.51
0.12
1.16
0.01
1.53
4.69
-
7.89
0.11
1.20
0.01
1.51
5.07
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.74
31.25
0.47
3.86
6.58
-
5.26
1.67
1.48
6.21
6.60
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
4
0.45
0.2
7.54
87.7
1.6
72.8
2
..
1980
5
0.41
0.2
9.38
81.4
30.2
69.8
3
..
1990
7
0.44
0.3
11.70
86.6
84.5
72.8
5
..
2000
9
0.51
0.3
15.76
100.0
100.0
100.0
8
..
2007
12
0.59
0.3
22.48
116.2
86.0
115.9
12
..
2008
12
0.63
0.3
23.53
123.1
64.3
160.2
16
..
2009e
11
0.69
0.3
24.73
136.3
60.9
..
17
..
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.81
3.23
-0.07
1.97
1.09
1.25
2.62
3.96
-0.07
1.97
26.43
-1.51
-0.01
4.48
3.99
7.46
-
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat

ICELAND
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
1.46
0.00
0.77
0.44
0.25
-
1.83
0.03
0.78
0.63
0.35
0.05
2.34
0.09
0.85
0.78
0.48
0.14
3.01
0.14
0.99
0.78
0.85
0.25
3.41
0.13
1.15
0.71
1.11
0.32
3.58
0.16
1.18
0.00
0.65
1.34
0.25
4.02
0.12
1.15
0.00
0.53
1.87
0.34
2.82
31.25
0.56
3.52
3.81
-
3.04
1.67
1.70
-2.11
7.85
5.00
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
0.38
0.16
0.04
0.18
-
0.50
0.03
0.20
0.04
0.24
-
0.60
0.09
0.13
0.06
0.31
-
1.03
0.14
0.16
0.08
0.64
-
1.20
0.13
0.16
0.05
0.86
-
1.43
0.16
0.16
0.03
1.08
-
1.91
0.12
0.16
0.02
1.60
0.01
2.62
-1.31
2.53
3.19
-
6.69
1.67
1.38
-7.44
9.48
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.18
0.18
-
0.23
0.23
-
0.30
0.30
-
0.30
0.30
-
0.43
0.43
-
0.45
0.45
-
0.44
0.44
-
3.02
3.02
-
2.06
2.06
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.64
0.00
0.25
-
0.76
0.10
-
0.83
0.02
-
0.86
0.01
-
0.89
0.00
-
0.00
0.82
0.00
-
0.00
0.71
0.00
-
1.55
-13.32
-
-0.81
-8.38
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.35
0.04
0.03
-
0.54
0.08
0.04
0.04
-
0.63
0.07
0.11
0.10
-
0.56
0.07
0.21
0.17
-
0.52
0.10
0.27
0.20
-
0.48
0.10
0.24
0.21
0.00
-
0.37
0.11
0.23
0.29
-
3.58
2.88
7.17
-
-2.91
2.26
4.52
6.12
-
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.03
-
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
-
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.09
0.09
-
0.06
0.09
0.01
0.18
0.18
-
0.07
0.12
0.02
0.27
0.27
-
0.07
0.12
0.02
0.30
0.30
-
0.10
0.13
0.06
0.28
0.28
-
3.13
9.56
6.57
6.57
-
6.68
4.44
10.92
6.42
6.42
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
ICELAND
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
2008
2009e
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
0.0
-
0.0
-
0.1
-
0.1
-
0.2
-
0.1 e
-
0.1
-
31.3
x
1.7
x
Primary supply
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
31.3
1.7
..
..

Autoproducers
..
..
..
Gas works
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
..
..
..
..
..
Energy ind. own use
..
Losses
..
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
..
31.3
1.7
0.0
0.0
-
0.1
0.1
0.0
-
0.1
0.1
0.0
-
0.2
0.1
0.0
-
0.1
0.1 e
0.0 e
-
..
..
..
..
..
1.7
-0.2
7.6
-
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
..
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
..
ICELAND
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.05
0.05
0.05
-
0.09
0.09
0.09
-
0.10
0.10
0.10
-
0.09
0.09
0.09
-
0.11
0.11
0.11
-
0.06
0.06
0.06
- e
- e
-
0.70
0.70
0.70
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.02
0.02
0.02
-
0.03
0.03
0.03
-
0.05
0.05
0.05 e
- e
-
7.77
7.77
7.77
-

ICELAND
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
For industry
(Icelandic krona / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2009e
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.00
0.00
..
..
-
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.09
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.14
0.10
0.01
0.08
0.04
0.14
0.11
0.01
0.10
0.03
0.13
0.10
0.02
0.09
0.02
0.16
0.13
0.03
0.10
0.03
0.12 e
0.10
0.05 e
0.06 e
0.02 e
..
..
-
0.11
0.09
0.04
0.05
0.02
-
ICELAND
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
Hard Coal
69
65
65
101
108
138
109 e
97
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
20
4
16
-
13
13
-
7
7
14
7
7
19
19
30
24
50 e
50 e
-
46
46
-
6
-
49
3
42
2
52
52
-
58
11
37
10
87
6
4
48
19
89
19
18
52
108
68
3
7
20
10
59 e
59 e
51
51
2
-
10
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
2008
2009e

IRELAND*
180
25
160
20
140
120
15
100
80
10
60
40
20
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
35
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

50
Industry
2008
Other use
45
30
40
25
35
30
20
25
15
20
10
15
10
5
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
IRELAND
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
9.87
2.26
7.52
0.08
0.01
-
11.77
2.73
7.88
1.05
0.10
-
14.27
4.96
6.39
2.67
0.15
0.09
0.00
0.00
-
19.57
3.75
10.56
4.91
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.03
0.01
-
21.42
3.29
11.18
6.12
0.34
0.08
0.00
0.24
0.16
-
21.40
3.38
10.76
6.40
0.38
0.12
0.01
0.30
0.06
-
20.02
2.95
9.99
6.12
0.39
0.11
0.01
0.37
0.09
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.19
4.72
-0.95
0.47
-
2.28
-2.11
2.93
4.97
5.19
1.85
27.96
59.33
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
25
0.40
3.1
3.21
196.6
235.3
118.2
7
..
1980
34
0.35
3.4
3.46
170.3
205.7
120.0
11
17.1
1990
49
0.29
3.5
4.07
144.7
262.4
116.1
14
31.5
2000
97
0.20
3.8
5.15
100.0
100.0
100.0
24
100.0
2007
141
0.15
4.4
4.92
75.1
60.2
87.4
28
144.3
2008
137
0.16
4.4
4.82
77.4
63.7
93.0
29
142.2
2009e
129
0.15
4.5
4.43
76.4
58.6
..
27
136.2
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
4.05
5.90
-1.79
-3.42
0.78
1.32
1.40
0.94
-1.79
-3.42
0.64
-7.56
-0.11
-1.23
3.96
4.11
8.73
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.02
1.50
0.06
1.49
0.02
2.02
1.38
0.84
0.92
0.83
0.45
2.50
-4.26
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.02
5.24
0.06
5.21
0.03
6.52
4.81
2.77
3.09
2.77
1.46
1.82
-4.06

IRELAND
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
7.30
1.33
5.08
0.15
0.76
-
9.06
1.82
5.57
0.62
1.06
-
10.56
2.19
5.33
1.43
0.15
0.00
0.00
1.46
-
15.12
0.90
9.29
2.26
0.17
0.00
0.00
2.49
-
18.02
0.85
11.49
2.23
0.27
0.00
0.00
3.18
-
17.57
0.82
11.03
2.24
0.29
0.00
0.00
3.18
-
17.90
0.84
11.08
2.36
0.33
0.01
0.00
3.28
-
2.19
3.00
0.29
14.31
3.94
-
2.97
-5.17
4.14
2.85
4.27
27.96
25.56
4.60
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
2.43
0.06
2.06
0.04
0.27
-
3.10
0.15
2.04
0.52
0.39
-
2.48
0.36
0.97
0.51
0.09
0.55
-
3.57
0.16
1.64
0.67
0.14
0.95
-
3.98
0.19
1.56
0.90
0.23
1.10
-
3.63
0.20
1.29
0.89
0.22
1.04
-
3.54
0.18
1.34
0.85
0.20
0.98
-
0.12
10.74
-4.33
17.04
4.28
-
2.01
-3.73
1.80
2.87
4.48
3.25
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.61
1.61
-
2.20
2.20
-
2.34
2.34
-
4.91
4.90
-
6.52
6.50
-
6.82
6.78
-
6.47
6.38
-
2.22
2.22
-
5.80
5.73
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.58
1.26
0.89
0.11
2.60
1.57
0.50
0.10
0.00
3.10
1.81
0.55
0.17
0.00
3.47
0.74
1.30
0.63
0.00
0.01
4.28
0.62
1.74
0.90
0.03
0.01
4.07
0.58
1.61
0.85
0.08
0.01
4.44
0.63
1.77
0.95
1.08
2.14
-2.81
2.41
7.10
2.02
-5.74
6.75
10.16
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.32
0.36
0.19
-
0.44
0.83
0.11
0.50
-
0.06
0.00
0.51
1.40
0.02
0.90
0.13
0.02
0.00
0.78
1.94
0.01
0.83
0.42
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.99
2.28
0.04
0.80
0.44
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.99
2.44
0.04
0.81
0.50
0.03
0.00
0.00
1.05
2.59
0.04
0.80
0.56
2.80
8.37
9.60
-
-3.61
25.33
4.09
3.49
2.70
-0.66
8.29
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.17
0.30
0.30
-
0.22
0.29
0.29
-
0.00
0.34
0.89
0.28
0.61
0.00
0.69
0.79
0.24
0.55
0.01
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.51
0.51
-
0.01
0.00
0.00
1.07
0.19
0.19
-
0.02
0.00
0.00
1.17
0.43
0.43
-
4.32
6.71
-0.37
-
19.41
7.07
-3.99
2.44
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
IRELAND
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1.5
0.8
-0.1
0.0
1.5
1.2
-0.0
0.0
2.0
2.9
-0.0
0.1
1.4
2.4
-0.0
-0.0
0.8
2.1
-0.0
0.3
0.9
2.4
-0.0
0.1
0.8
2.0
-0.0
0.2
1.7
7.7
-6.4
x
-4.3
-1.1
0.4
x
2.3
2.7
5.0
3.8
3.3
3.4
2.9
4.7
-2.1
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1
..
-0.9
-0.9
-2.7
-2.8
-2.3
-2.4
..
6.4
-0.7

Autoproducers
-0.9
-0.9
-
-0.8
-0.8
-0.0
-2.6
-2.6
-0.0
-2.7
-2.7
-0.0
-2.3
-2.2
-0.0
-2.3
-2.3
-0.0
..
..
..
6.4
6.3
-
-0.7
-0.7
-1.2
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
0.0
0.0
-
-0.1
-0.1
-
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
c
-0.0
-0.0
c
..
..
..
..
..
-1.6
-1.6
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
5.7
Losses
..
1.3
1.8
2.2
0.9
0.8
0.8
..
3.0
-5.2
0.1
0.0
-
0.1
0.0
-
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
-
0.2
0.1
-
0.2
0.2
-
0.2
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
10.7
8.2
-
-3.7
-0.8
-
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
..
1.3
1.3
1.7
0.1
1.6
1.8
0.0
1.8
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.0
0.6
0.7
0.0
0.6
..
..
..
2.2
2.1
-5.5
2.7
-5.7
..
IRELAND
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
0.54
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.46
-
3.18
1.97
1.96
0.01
0.33
0.00
0.03
0.19
0.11
1.05
-
2.94
2.35
2.34
0.01
0.03
0.17
0.11
0.06
0.36
-
2.87
2.29
2.28
0.01
0.04
0.25
0.16
0.09
0.31
-
2.59
2.04
2.04
0.04
0.20
0.16
0.04
0.30
-
2.38
1.82
1.82
0.21
0.18
0.03
0.33
-
2.24
1.69
1.69
0.19
0.16
0.03
0.35
-
15.88
45.40
45.37
19.36
9.19
7.25
-
-1.94
-0.83
-0.82
-2.98
-0.83
-7.23
-5.97
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.04
0.04
-
0.04
0.04
-
0.05
0.05
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.03
0.02
-
-2.30
-2.99
-

IRELAND
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
..
..
63.11
82.37
90.97
34.26
103.73
77.04
79.21
210.16
c
69.22
253.40
c
94.31
250.49
c
112.40
418.02
c
128.53
..
c
..
x
102.26
..
189.24
..
x
180.84
..
507.59
..
x
115.42
..
257.44
..
x
168.24
..
88.82
..
x
309.06
..
290.90
..
x
367.94
..
362.36
..
x
326.91
..
c
..
x
330.35
..
479.29
..
x
268.08
..
376.03
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2005
..
..
..
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
..
..
..
..
..
..
42.89
85.67
89.83
32.89
152.42
107.47
56.42
229.12
c
48.82
273.51
c
60.92
247.64
c
68.03
387.23
c
81.87
..
c
..
x
91.68
..
161.07
..
x
151.35
..
403.32
..
x
120.05
..
254.20
..
x
247.21
..
123.90
..
x
336.94
..
301.08
..
x
397.14
..
371.32
..
x
323.19
..
c
..
x
306.02
..
421.50
..
x
261.33
..
348.00


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.83
0.81
..
..
0.01
1.20
1.19
1.19
0.01
2.90
2.85
0.01
2.83
0.03
0.03
2.44
2.42
2.42
0.03
-
2.84
2.80
2.80
0.04
0.00
2.47
2.46
2.46
0.01
0.00
2.15
2.14
2.14
0.01
c
2.39
2.38
2.38
0.02
c
1.99
1.97
1.97
0.02
c
0.10
0.07
..
..
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
-
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
IRELAND
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
565
1918
3081
2858
2747
2587
2253
2502
2072
7
6
-
14
2
2
2
5
3
-
565
6
331
214
-
1911
76
2
65
735
390
329
122
3067
21
430
302
1277
115
2858
118
3
300
101
1031
5
2747
292
176
123
452
-
2587
62
5
36
2253
387
1
235
40
73
36
2502
394
260
81
142
36
2072
240
49
-
11
3
5
70
117
7
667
17
71
15
5
140
955
43
226
5
71
904
327
418
55
1091
779
375
8
231
322
633
488
38
779
479
294
37
1223
156
337
67

IRELAND
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
107.07
101.41
104.63
178.22
412.43
355.05
86.14
102.25
794.41
..
..
..
100.40
..
..
106.09
..
..
..
..
..
..
98.08
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
97.32
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
161.54
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
77.79
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
96.99
95.68
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal(3)
70.76
69.55
42.85
80.90
74.91
101.78
125.15
143.08
148.41
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
98.25
62.06
82.52
72.99
85.34
81.51
41.76
..
..
99.09
57.93
..
36.07
84.69
70.14
36.34
..
..
83.30
55.28
..
..
41.55
..
71.47
..
..
97.77
..
..
..
67.44
..
84.49
..
..
114.10
..
..
..
64.62
713.45
..
..
..
149.15
..
..
..
70.73
..
618.20
..
..
177.54
..
..
..
85.73
..
142.53
..
..
256.72
..
123.41
..
126.72
..
..
..
..
234.09
69.93
..
233.72
100.80
..
Coking coal
(1)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
ITALY*
200
300
180
250
160
140
200
120
150
100
100
60
80
40
50
20
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
30
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
350
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
30
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

500
Industry
2008
Other use
450
300
400
250
350
300
200
250
150
200
100
150
100
50
50
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
ITALY
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
170.17
11.57
129.00
20.32
0.35
1.17
4.61
3.05
0.11
-
186.91
16.69
126.05
32.46
1.31
0.82
5.56
3.28
0.75
-
209.37
20.90
119.03
55.70
1.34
3.89
4.24
0.01
4.26
-
2000
245.03
17.94
124.08
82.75
3.22
5.43
6.08
0.09 e
5.45
-
2007
2008
2009e
255.85
23.97
108.52
99.30
6.62
4.03
7.14
0.57
5.69
-
251.47
23.26
103.51
99.29
7.59
5.11
7.08
0.72
4.92
-
232.45
17.48
95.66
91.29
8.88
5.84
6.87
0.96
5.46
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.23
3.54
-0.47
6.11
8.27
-1.00
1.97
24.13
-
1.02
0.59
-0.77
3.26
10.09
1.54
2.89
28.71
0.80
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
576
0.30
54.8
3.11
132.4
122.9
85.9
144
62.8
1980
739
0.25
56.4
3.31
113.3
138.1
86.9
183
77.6
1990
938
0.22
56.7
3.69
100.0
136.3
92.0
213
86.6
2000
1097
0.22
56.9
4.30
100.0
100.0
100.0
270
100.0
2007
1188
0.22
59.4
4.31
96.4
123.3
104.6
308
101.2
2008
1176
0.21
59.9
4.20
95.8
120.9
105.7
314
97.6
2009e
1128
0.21
59.7
3.89
92.3
94.8
..
286
79.7
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.91
1.27
-1.64
-0.24
0.21
0.30
1.02
0.72
-1.64
-0.24
0.61
-0.66
0.40
0.77
2.34
2.17
1.91
0.67
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.01
0.43
-
0.46
-
0.05
0.34
-
0.00
-
0.14
-
0.11
-
0.07
-
20.81
-1.89
-
4.07
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.01
1.20
-
1.29
-
0.06
0.96
-
0.01
-
0.16
-
0.12
-
0.07
-
20.81
-1.89
-
3.98
-

ITALY
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
137.94
4.66
99.91
18.25
15.12
-
146.04
4.77
91.71
28.86
1.06
19.63
-
164.20
4.83
87.79
43.69
1.23
0.29
0.01
26.37
-
184.05
3.82
88.99
55.12
2.25
0.30
0.02
33.54
-
200.92
3.99
92.54
58.41
3.22
0.30
0.05
37.94
4.47
197.88
3.48
91.52
57.39
2.73
0.30
0.07
38.00
4.39
190.57
3.03
87.65
53.30
3.65
0.30
0.10
38.00
4.53
1.03
0.21
-0.76
5.27
3.33
-
0.83
-2.55
-0.01
1.11
6.21
0.33
15.73
2.05
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
55.80
3.78
30.18
12.36
9.48
-
51.20
4.25
22.30
12.93
0.17
11.55
-
48.70
4.69
11.54
18.53
0.31
13.63
-
54.64
3.49
9.57
23.74
0.41
17.43
-
56.90
3.74
9.50
21.05
0.39
18.10
4.12
58.29
3.23
10.29
22.41
0.35
17.96
4.05
50.37
2.79
9.22
16.14
0.49
17.40
4.33
-0.80
1.28
-5.50
2.41
2.16
-
0.19
-2.84
-1.24
-0.76
2.49
1.37
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
27.09
0.21
26.24
0.18
34.79
0.00
33.83
0.37
46.72
45.60
0.30
56.66
55.15
0.47
60.24
58.17
0.59
60.41
58.24
0.69
58.10
54.95
0.78
3.26
3.30
3.13
1.22
1.04
5.53
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.46
38.26
0.67
28.65
5.71
0.59
41.38
0.52
22.71
12.61
0.83
37.52
0.14
13.60
16.42
1.05
40.19
0.09
9.54
21.39
0.23
1.26
42.87
0.01
7.63
24.35
0.20
1.28
39.78
0.01
6.49
22.82
1.03
1.33
38.96
0.01
5.63
22.87
3.44
-0.11
-8.90
-4.29
6.41
2.69
0.21
-15.71
-4.78
1.86
0.88
0.01
6.48
11.38
0.45
6.01
1.65
0.02
7.51
15.37
0.46
7.96
2.32
0.05
8.31
0.21
21.25
0.66
10.86
1.94
0.07
8.26
0.19
20.72
0.63
10.14
1.89
0.10
8.40
0.06
24.13
1.54
12.32
4.18
10.09
0.19
-
4.38
15.73
1.46
4.26
7.06
4.06
4.92
14.89
12.50
2.40
6.95
12.04
0.24
10.41
1.40
9.59
0.14
14.29
0.24
12.70
1.35
9.81
0.14
13.54
0.24
12.20
1.10
10.17
0.11
14.01
0.23
12.78
0.99
6.14
1.37
0.32
-
4.12
-0.34
0.13
-4.78
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.23
2.22
0.44
1.79
11.83
11.83
-
0.90 e
4.65
3.10
0.58
2.52
12.42
9.48
2.94
ITALY
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
0.4
11.7
-0.6
0.1
0.5
17.4
-0.7
-0.4
0.4
19.8
-0.2
0.9
0.0
18.9
-0.1
-0.8
0.1
24.0
-0.2
0.0
0.1
23.9
-0.2
-0.5
0.1
18.1
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
3.2
-6.5
x
-7.0
1.0
0.9
x
Primary supply
11.6
16.7
20.9
17.9
24.0
23.3
17.5
3.5
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.2
-0.5
-0.6
-0.6
..
-13.2 e
-19.8 e
-19.5 e
..
6.8
1.5
-16.7
-16.6
-0.1
-16.6
-16.5
-0.0
..
..
..
11.1
10.4
-
2.1
2.7
-20.6
-4.9 e
-9.8 e
-15.0

Autoproducers
-1.9
-1.9
-
-6.0
-4.9
-1.1
-11.4
-10.2
-1.3
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
-3.0 e
-2.2 e
-0.8
-
-3.8 e
-2.2 e
-1.6
0.0
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-3.5
-2.3
-1.2
-
-9.6
-9.6
..
-
..
-3.7 e
-2.1 e
-1.6
-
-3.2 e
-2.1 e
-1.1
-
-3.0 e
-2.0 e
-1.0
-
..
..
..
..
..
1.0
0.3
2.4
-
-0.9
-0.8
-1.2
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-1.7
-2.0
-1.2
-0.4
-0.1
-0.1
..
-1.8
-13.8
Losses
-0.4
-0.2
-0.1
-0.0
..
4.7
4.8
4.8
3.8
3.5
3.0
..
0.2
-2.6
Iron and steel

Chemical
3.8
2.8
0.3
0.2
-
4.2
2.9
0.2
0.5
0.0
4.7
2.9
0.2
1.3
0.0
3.5
2.7 e
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.2
2.4 e
0.0
0.8
-
2.8
1.9 e
0.0
0.9
-
..
..
..
..
..
1.3
0.4
-1.0
11.3
-
-2.8
-2.4
-17.0
-2.3
-
Transport(6)
0.2
0.0
..
Other(7)
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-8.9
-8.9
-15.7
-15.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
..
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
ITALY
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2.51
2.07
2.02
0.05
0.01
0.31
0.03
0.01
0.20
0.07
0.07
-
12.69
10.78
10.77
0.02
0.17
1.68
0.22
0.00
1.40
0.06
0.06
-
11.36
9.53
9.53
0.94
0.88
0.26
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.08
0.00
-
18.61
16.00
15.84
0.16
1.15
1.45
0.52
0.00
0.92
0.00
0.01
-
18.71
15.94
15.80
0.14
1.30
1.46
0.52
0.00
0.94
0.00
0.01
-
18.92
16.96
16.90
0.06
0.79
1.16
0.24
0.00
0.91
0.00
0.01
-
18.99
16.92
16.90
0.02
0.89
1.17
0.22
0.00
0.95
0.01
0.01
-
14.46
14.77
14.97
-8.42
15.08
19.30
-9.91
17.56
-1.12
-1.87
-
2.26
2.53
2.54
1.52
9.61
-1.99
-0.03
-2.15
-13.05
-11.17
-
9.91
9.90
-
8.63
8.61
-
6.66
6.38
0.23
5.63
5.06
0.22
6.09
5.81
0.23
6.20
5.91
0.23
5.93
5.65
0.22
-1.14
-1.15
-
-2.07
-2.32
-
1.27
1.20
1.20
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.00
0.03
-
1.09
1.06
1.06
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
-
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.02
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
-
-1.27
-1.07
-1.07
-0.49
-2.55
5.02
1503.17
-
-26.76
-11.06
-4.41
-

ITALY
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
41.32
62.53
63.55
57.37
132.16
134.63
67.72
98.15
90.90
c
c
c
83.45
c
c
79.24
c
c
100.83
c
c
169.04
c
c
122.09
c
c
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
70.05
69.79
63.44
..
64.94
56.68
69.57
132.49
..
134.95
58.84
64.88
136.94
..
122.20
43.46
53.26
161.05
155.19
c
83.23
108.96
..
278.73
273.65
78.59
117.95
..
311.73
353.23
97.48
124.19
..
345.19
381.96
163.22
199.90
..
469.07
502.82
129.51
152.00
..
346.16
433.75
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
16.03
37.56
35.79
22.46
80.11
76.51
37.13
83.32
72.34
c
c
c
58.54
c
c
54.13
c
c
62.04
c
c
95.80
c
c
74.07
c
c
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
27.01
29.04
38.11
..
36.57
22.05
29.21
80.31
..
76.69
32.06
38.15
116.25
..
97.25
41.51
54.90
239.64
230.93
c
58.98
83.33
..
307.72
283.23
55.14
89.31
..
340.73
361.96
62.64
86.12
..
345.59
358.50
98.28
129.90
..
440.01
442.20
82.06
103.94
..
341.72
401.42
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
11.67
11.48
..
..
0.04
0.15
17.39
17.22
12.03
5.20
0.04
0.13
19.83
19.67
9.14
10.53
0.05
0.11
18.90
18.39
7.61
10.78
0.00
0.51
23.62
22.78
6.11
16.66
0.00
0.84
23.95
23.24
6.33
16.91
0.00
0.71
24.00
23.58
6.65
16.93
0.00
0.42
23.91
23.68
6.42
17.26
0.00
0.23
18.11
18.11
3.33
14.78
0.00
-
0.63
..
..
0.63
0.75
0.75
0.20
0.20
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.01
0.01
0.27
ITALY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
12458
22213
20445
18485
19015
24632
24953
25099
19438
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
10007
1347
2537
1525
3027
-
10248
1973
12
1734
839
5541
-
8648
1045
212
804
158
6236
12
7052
2002
1090
17
3868
-
7198
2463
1280
3281
-
5988
2216
966
88
2672
-
6289
2135
1084
98
2972
-
6071
2093
984
2971
-
3149
733
423
1921
-
1036
535
112
37
15
131
35
11
64
-
174
-
19
27
-
23
-
46
26
2451
1437
52
-
11965
260
1150
3518
26
11797
109
507
4800
148
11433
1120
110
1
360
4681
3
11817
1141
1
912
4
-
18644
881
105
198
58
18664
951
81
662
19028
830
283
1646
16289
306
200
1117
960
2
180
6641
150
40
310
290
4884
609
140
-
479
148
31
3487
689
22
302
-
369
1759
1919
3548
993
56
1115
-
2034
8734
4779
814
706
335
-
2112
7885
5178
803
577
340
75
2429
7212
4596
892
633
396
111
2305
6555
4054
882
431
111
328

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

ITALY
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
61.39
57.69
50.55
77.24
103.02
112.05
118.05
188.97
144.59
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
57.32
57.65
..
64.68
62.37
..
68.24
..
54.53
52.91
57.67
..
62.38
62.18
..
..
49.38
45.76
46.44
48.02
..
..
56.50
..
46.42
40.62
..
69.84
75.03
..
..
91.04
..
85.35
67.82
58.51
111.81
119.76
..
128.50
113.75
..
87.23
74.08
77.71
130.25
137.04
..
114.32
126.23
..
..
67.51
78.34
126.24
131.04
488.51
476.51
132.19
..
87.00
101.09
86.60
240.02
232.32
752.71
..
165.11
..
152.03
159.46
150.61
242.48
216.35
..
..
148.53
..
77.81
..
88.18
Steam coal(3)
51.84
50.48
37.92
63.54
73.20
69.16
86.00
143.68
113.67
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
58.63
56.62
47.34
56.10
44.39
42.54
45.90
2798.99
..
51.68
54.54
51.34
53.06
44.85
45.77
37.05
..
..
35.99
47.06
31.19
40.67
37.26
36.92
55.89
..
..
144.04
72.57
68.09
66.74
68.34
71.19
..
1441.74
..
125.35
81.23
..
72.04
74.49
74.31
..
588.70
..
67.12
873.35
..
74.47
70.07
74.14
..
427.07
..
111.14
..
..
82.16
92.44
93.36
163.91
311.61
..
440.45
158.43
..
145.21
153.17
160.60
216.33
481.07
..
565.39
88.49
..
131.32
115.16
103.87
JAPAN*
180
800
160
700
140
600
120
500
100
400
80
300
60
200
40
100
20
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
180
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
160
160
140
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
1200
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
180
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

1400
Industry
2008
Other use
1200
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
JAPAN
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
457.67
82.66
355.61
7.25
3.61
8.20
0.33
-
492.18
85.08
333.83
30.57
30.75
10.85
1.11
-
627.59
109.45
357.74
63.09
7.12
75.30
10.97
2.25
1.67
-
2000
2007
2008
2009e
741.35
138.37
364.59
93.79
8.35
119.90
10.72
4.43
1.21 e
-
736.18
166.06
328.33
118.64
10.51
98.22
9.09
4.03
1.30 e
-
708.34
162.15
306.12
119.59
10.01
96.10
9.37
3.67
1.33 e
-
676.69
145.52
288.63
115.23
8.57
104.15
9.33
3.86
1.39
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.87
1.67
0.04
13.57
19.56
1.72
11.95
-
0.67
2.21
-0.86
3.62
1.91
1.36
-0.87
2.75
-1.26
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
2219
0.21
108.9
4.20
129.8
125.6
92.5
465
56.6
1980
2801
0.18
117.1
4.20
110.6
102.5
90.6
573
66.9
1990
4122
0.15
123.6
5.08
95.8
89.6
89.9
836
98.5
2000
4667
0.16
126.9
5.84
100.0
100.0
100.0
1049
100.0
2007
5203
0.14
127.8
5.76
89.1
107.7
96.1
1125
108.9
2008
5166
0.14
127.7
5.55
86.3
105.9
92.3
1075
105.5
2009e
4912
0.14
127.3
5.32
86.7
99.9
..
1040
83.0
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.71
1.26
-1.77
-0.58
0.75
0.18
1.12
0.49
-1.77
-0.58
-1.97
0.93
-0.17
0.15
3.50
1.41
3.31
0.38
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
8.72
7.23
0.02
-
7.28
8.28
0.02
-
6.38
-
2.20
-
-1.04
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
8.66
9.99
0.04
-
6.94
11.08
0.03
-
7.98
-
2.96
-
-1.85
-

JAPAN
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
334.26
28.81
244.37
10.03
51.00
0.04
331.27
30.53
223.65
13.88
63.06
0.15
428.68
46.16
262.85
21.77
3.75
0.11
1.67
92.09
0.29
493.03
38.68
299.36
33.00
3.80
0.32
1.15
115.94
0.77
493.99
44.40
278.00
44.93
3.80
0.29
0.77
120.97
0.82
488.96
45.42
265.86
47.62
3.94
0.29
0.73
124.24
0.86
455.44
40.55
244.35
46.58
3.65
0.29
0.73
118.48
0.82
1.47
2.81
0.43
4.66
3.54
12.32
0.34
-0.72
-0.40
4.32
-0.15
5.35
-4.50
1.41
6.04
149.84
26.03
85.06
2.95
35.80
-
130.33
29.75
56.41
3.90
40.27
-
146.92
44.21
52.38
5.28
3.60
41.44
-
142.50
37.31
49.73
7.30
3.74
44.43
-
140.12
43.06
40.65
10.33
3.77
42.31
-
139.41
44.09
37.20
11.06
3.90
43.16
-
123.98
39.25
33.11
10.68
3.61
37.32
-
-0.12
3.17
-2.81
3.48
0.86
-
-0.94
-0.66
-2.52
3.99
0.02
-0.58
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
58.22
0.29
56.31
-
77.11
75.24
-
102.50
100.44
-
125.62
123.34
-
118.82
116.52
-
116.10
113.79
-
111.47
109.16
-
3.38
3.46
-
0.47
0.46
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.63
29.89
2.50
12.50
5.16
1.87
36.76
0.79
13.82
7.90
2.07
54.27
0.09
19.26
10.50
2.28
69.46
23.70
12.85
2.31
69.18
20.85
13.16
2.32
70.23
20.43
13.27
2.31
67.94
18.87
12.95
1.42
3.57
-17.53
2.57
4.27
0.63
1.26
-0.11
1.17
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
9.73
28.86
23.29
1.83
14.26
29.06
20.36
2.05
0.15
1.61
22.62
0.04
65.73
1.28
32.77
5.56
0.07
1.12
31.68
0.04
88.38
0.87
36.67
12.58
0.03
0.74
34.35
0.04
98.61
0.77
34.26
20.93
0.03
0.70
35.75
0.05
96.58
0.77
29.40
22.75
0.03
0.70
35.34
0.05
93.87
0.75
26.59
22.45
5.09
4.96
2.03
6.76
-8.00
-4.49
2.51
0.25
2.00
-2.93
-1.16
8.07
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.70
0.04
52.68
52.68
-
6.51
0.15
40.61
40.61
-
0.06
0.06
25.76
0.24
49.35
0.57
48.35
0.43
0.18
0.03
37.31
0.73
59.30
0.50
58.54
0.26
0.17
0.03
41.68
0.78
60.64
0.57
59.56
0.51
0.17
0.03
42.66
0.81
60.38
0.56
59.27
0.55
0.16
0.03
43.12
0.77
52.57
0.56
51.51
0.50
12.09
11.22
-0.38
-0.50
-
5.35
-4.97
2.90
6.69
0.35
-0.15
0.35
0.81
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
JAPAN
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
25.6
59.0
-0.6
-1.3
15.6
70.0
-2.1
1.6
6.4
104.9
-1.9
0.1
2.2
139.0
-2.7
-0.2
167.3
-1.4
0.1
164.1
-0.9
-1.0
146.1
-0.9
0.4
-7.8
3.4
7.3
x
2.5
-3.9
x
Primary supply
82.7
85.1
109.5
138.4
166.1
162.1
145.5
1.7
2.2
-2.5
-1.9
2.4
-1.4
-1.0
-8.6
..
-47.6 e
-49.9 e
-62.3 e
-95.1 e
-115.6 e
-109.0 e
..
1.6
3.2

-17.1
-17.1
-
-15.0
-11.5
-3.6
-36.3
-29.2
-7.1
-69.1
-57.5
-11.6
..
..
..
4.5
3.2
-
4.9
5.3
2.9
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-2.9
-1.8
-0.6
-0.3
-27.5 e
-24.5 e
-3.0
-0.0
-33.1 e
-20.1 e
-13.1
0.1
-25.4 e
-24.7 e
-0.6
-0.0
-25.7 e
-25.6 e
-0.1
-
-91.7
-79.3
-12.4
-86.4
-74.5
-11.8
-23.9 e
-25.0 e
1.1
-
-22.6 e
-22.7 e
0.1
-
..
-9.0
..
..
..
..
..
-0.5
0.0
-8.7
-9.7
-0.6
-0.5
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-3.8
-2.7
-3.4
-3.2
-4.0
-4.0
..
-0.6
0.8
..
28.8
30.5
46.2
38.7
45.4
40.6
..
2.8
-0.7
26.0
23.2 e
-
29.7
23.0 e
0.4
4.3
0.1
44.2
17.8 e
3.9
8.2
1.6
37.3
15.8 e
3.9
7.0
2.0
44.1
19.5 e
4.6
6.2
2.1
39.2
17.4 e
4.3
6.0
2.1
..
..
..
..
..
3.2
-1.5
-
-0.7
-0.1
0.6
-1.7
1.5
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
0.3
..
Other(7)
2.5
2.5
0.8
0.8
1.4
1.3
0.1
0.9
0.9
-
0.8
0.8
-
0.7
0.7
-
..
..
..
-3.5
-17.5
-3.3
-2.9
-
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
..
-0.1

Residential
Non-energy use
JAPAN
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
11.08
8.57
8.57
0.34
0.08
0.07
2.52
0.23
0.19
0.71
0.05
1.35
0.58
-
50.03
31.05
26.54
4.52
0.11
5.89
14.83
1.54
2.42
8.12
1.90
0.86
0.67
0.02
96.11
64.88
57.37
7.52
11.46
16.13
2.58
3.57
7.20
2.32
0.46
0.92
-
120.44
92.29
83.53
8.76
11.65
16.67
3.50
3.89
6.45
2.45
0.38
0.83
-
121.43
89.50
80.83
8.67
11.62
16.70
3.38
4.20
6.40
2.36
0.37
0.82
-
128.80
94.35
85.19
9.16
12.57
17.53
4.01
4.32
6.39
2.45
0.36
0.82
-
126.80
90.25
81.21
9.04
10.55
16.24
3.31
4.04
6.31
2.46
0.13
0.80
-
13.38
11.32
9.87
-9.34
43.53
15.91
17.29
23.68
22.52
36.33
-3.72
1.32
-
5.30
6.11
6.41
3.93
3.29
0.51
4.34
2.89
-1.39
1.46
-10.10
0.94
-
58.72
55.12
4.45
0.12
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.01
-
64.93
59.33
5.25
-
57.08
45.97
10.94
-
56.53
47.80
10.44
-
57.67
48.23
10.67
-
58.21
47.18
11.59
-
57.39
46.06
9.71
-
0.84
0.61
-
-0.68
-1.40
3.47
-
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.01
-

JAPAN
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
90.58
79.83
73.11
90.23
182.50
152.09
101.84
151.02
129.99
51.42
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.23
72.47
82.50
..
302.48
74.99
73.35
195.69
..
349.02
70.53
68.03
136.92
..
320.89
45.68
45.29
163.49
219.96
351.99
81.25
104.02
255.46
342.15
312.30
87.10
112.09
332.48
411.46
338.69
97.98
108.07
352.98
423.59
353.13
167.62
220.66
566.22
689.53
..
151.91
207.53
..
426.31
..
(1 000 Yen / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
15.170
23.040
19.780
16.280
56.740
44.330
11.736
29.990
24.200
4.413
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
11.930
14.290
23.810
..
81.840
13.530
15.580
60.840
..
101.730
8.128
9.230
27.190
..
59.740
3.920
4.576
24.177
32.528
48.800
7.120
10.731
38.573
51.662
44.208
8.066
12.220
53.052
65.655
50.665
9.183
11.925
57.006
68.409
53.466
13.792
21.377
80.285
97.769
..
11.313
18.196
..
54.706
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
58.99
58.99
..
..
-
69.99
69.99
65.25
4.74
-
104.88
104.37
68.37
36.00
0.51
139.00
136.41
54.60
81.81
2.60
159.26
156.50
54.26
102.24
2.76
160.41
158.42
55.35
103.07
1.99
167.34
165.16
55.87
109.29
2.18
164.08
162.66
55.08
107.58
1.41
146.06
145.63
50.14
95.49
0.43
0.58
..
..
0.58
2.06
0.06
0.03
0.02
2.01
1.93
0.00
0.00
1.93
2.67
0.00
0.00
2.66
1.68
0.00
0.00
1.68
1.97
0.00
0.00
1.97
1.39
0.00
0.00
1.39
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.94
0.94
JAPAN
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
52858
93449
106918
127354
150340
179100
187004
184192
164780
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
50876
24149
10895
398
429
9956
11
69242
30116
17221
12829
401
64935
34505
11290
7367
225
59799
31470
8756
5217
291
57081
34757
5292
1422
367
57672
34929
2906
80
329
58205
36526
3603
1
138
57386
36006
3241
584
201
52244
27779
4979
738
296
420
2360
2244
14
1211
103
4586
2775
-
2802
153
668
2955
4950
20
4255
52
4585
2741
2394
38
6774
5677
603
2104
27
58
5807
9
10622
25
2939
26
3638
9
10659
134
3491
6
3290
10
10978
48
2956
72
501
24
16500
1418
9
1982
668
105
-
24207
14138
780
960
14
41983
21346
6920
4516
138
67555
33967
9448
5630
315
93259
55147
8297
2230
575
121428
70835
5866
160
660
128799
78045
7625
2
291
126806
77211
6869
1238
426
112536
81907
2708
124
-
513
157
149
390
2427
306
4091
1020
157
314
2504
94
409
2003
3402
150
501
5856
56
4948
2958
2656
1273
448
12470
8908
945
3300
944
443
13658
18
21294
51
6496
2251
139
9942
19
22559
283
7750
2270
13
9336
21
23268
101
6650
1533
153
6390
10477
696
8549
1684
1

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

JAPAN
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
60.72
55.03
39.46
61.40
88.80
93.10
88.43
184.13
198.40
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
55.27
71.27
x
x
66.90
54.38
59.34
50.11
57.45
51.15
64.49
x
x
61.37
49.49
48.26
49.54
54.81
39.01
45.46
x
x
52.69
37.12
37.31
39.99
43.62
56.85
62.04
x
x
163.61
72.57
109.00
x
67.98
96.44
106.05
..
..
159.01
100.45
x
x
114.96
106.20
125.68
..
..
159.35
91.98
88.35
x
116.69
96.03
112.61
..
..
516.32
100.91
x
x
105.45
206.71
234.34
..
..
308.56
256.42
224.37
x
250.90
193.65
221.77
..
..
246.05
200.21
120.75
x
189.24
Steam coal(3)
50.97
47.85
34.59
51.48
62.73
63.33
70.92
125.42
112.39
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
52.23
48.26
x
x
53.17
47.59
x
47.95
46.54
48.87
44.20
x
x
52.65
44.48
x
48.27
43.45
34.59
34.72
190.61
x
45.49
33.69
x
35.82
30.68
50.20
52.60
x
x
186.48
55.06
x
x
59.02
61.90
63.79
..
..
x
65.65
x
80.64
66.10
63.90
56.32
..
..
596.68
63.88
x
x
62.20
71.03
66.04
..
..
553.99
73.60
100.34
77.46
72.28
127.23
125.52
..
..
151.26
124.10
x
105.49
121.34
113.06
103.92
..
..
820.10
123.05
x
87.62
104.35
KOREA*
800
350
700
300
600
250
500
200
400
150
300
100
200
50
100
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
100
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
500
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
100
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

450
600
Industry
2008
Other use
500
400
350
400
300
300
250
200
200
150
100
100
50
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
KOREA
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
30.78
11.61
19.01
0.16
-
58.87
19.26
38.07
1.29
0.24
-
132.98
36.51
71.05
3.89
1.04
19.69
0.78
0.01
-
2000
265.22
56.35
141.49
24.29
1.97
40.57
0.49
0.06 e
-
2007
2008
2009e
317.35
80.20
134.93
44.50
3.92
53.21
0.45
0.02
0.10
0.02
324.21
89.67
128.03
45.44
4.28
56.20
0.38
0.02
0.13
0.06
326.78
91.84
130.70
44.01
4.54
55.01
0.35
0.03
0.25
0.06
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
8.99
6.97
8.06
9.87
-
5.08
5.12
3.33
14.63
8.16
6.00
-3.97
13.09
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
81
0.38
34.1
0.90
76.8
136.3
32.3
15
..
1980
128
0.46
38.1
1.54
92.5
142.4
51.8
37
14.2
1990
296
0.45
42.9
3.10
90.5
116.9
64.7
105
42.7
2000
533
0.50
47.0
5.64
100.0
100.0
100.0
289
100.0
2007
734
0.43
48.5
6.55
86.9
103.3
108.0
426
156.0
2008
751
0.43
48.6
6.67
86.8
113.0
109.9
444
161.4
2009e
766
0.43
48.7
6.71
85.8
113.5
..
443
160.0
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
7.94
5.32
0.97
-0.23
1.35
0.70
7.53
4.34
0.97
-0.23
-0.90
-0.19
4.18
2.99
12.23
8.32
7.67
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
11.35
-
11.71
-
10.82
-
2.56
-
1.90
-
1.82
-
1.66
-
-0.39
-
-9.42
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
18.05
-
18.63
-
17.22
-
4.15
-
2.89
-
2.77
-
2.52
-
-0.39
-
-9.65
-

KOREA
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
24.98
9.26
14.14
1.58
-
44.70
13.92
26.76
4.02
-
92.72
16.74
62.37
0.96
1.04
0.01
11.60
-
180.55
11.93
114.11
15.61
1.82
0.06
32.33
4.70
202.97
12.51
112.29
23.28
2.92
0.01
0.05
45.62
6.29
210.14
12.79
115.45
24.01
3.22
0.02
0.04
48.06
6.56
210.77
14.26
111.10
25.11
3.47
0.02
0.04
50.02
6.74
8.02
3.54
9.12
12.46
-
4.67
-0.89
3.26
19.87
6.92
5.92
8.46
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
9.17
0.56
7.52
1.09
-
14.73
1.92
10.01
2.79
-
27.54
4.36
15.57
0.10
0.41
7.10
-
53.98
11.12
15.72
4.11
1.51
18.48
3.04
58.06
10.93
11.22
6.24
2.32
0.00
0.00
23.28
4.08
59.44
10.81
10.43
6.73
2.55
0.00
0.00
24.64
4.28
61.68
12.12
9.23
7.81
2.70
0.00
0.00
25.54
4.28
6.69
12.88
4.37
11.67
-
4.58
5.84
-2.86
27.11
11.08
7.37
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.57
0.02
3.54
-
6.83
0.00
6.78
-
20.79
20.67
-
37.48
37.23
-
41.75
40.73
0.65
43.16
41.92
0.82
41.19
39.68
1.02
10.92
10.94
-
3.87
3.69
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.02
8.85
8.55 e
0.10
-
0.05
13.23
11.85 e
0.72
-
0.12
18.49
12.34 e
2.74
0.66 e
0.25
21.48
0.81 e
5.54
8.90
0.06
0.31
26.84
1.58
4.93
11.82
0.11
0.30
26.36
1.43
4.44
11.75
0.21
0.27
26.85
1.50
4.50
11.76
12.93
4.43
2.18
21.34
-
4.46
2.09
-11.03
2.80
17.32
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.19
1.27
0.14
0.86
-
0.65
3.64
0.14 e
3.00
-
0.56
0.01
2.18
12.42
0.04 e
10.09
0.19 e
0.09
0.05
4.56
1.53
24.59
13.25
2.58
0.07
0.00
0.04
6.45
1.95
25.50
5.52
4.55
0.06
0.03
6.66
1.99
26.22
5.21
4.71
0.04
0.00
0.03
6.91
2.10
26.42
4.73
4.50
15.43
14.33
-7.29
15.56
-
-13.44
7.99
6.62
4.28
-4.12
19.09
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.27
1.62
1.62
-
0.50
4.37
4.37
-
0.07
0.01
2.01
9.61
9.61
-
0.22
0.01
8.39
0.14
35.76
35.76
-
0.47
0.01
0.01
14.68
0.26
45.37
45.37
-
0.49
0.02
0.01
15.51
0.29
49.43
0.55
48.88
-
0.52
0.02
0.01
16.28
0.37
49.68
0.63
49.04
-
12.47
11.04
11.04
-
11.43
1.24
12.31
9.56
9.48
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
KOREA
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
11.7
5.0 e
2.6 e
10.8
22.5 e
3.2 e
2.6
54.9 e
-1.1 e
1.9
77.9
0.4
1.8
87.9
-0.0
1.7
89.9
0.3
0.8
23.2
x
-9.4
7.9
x
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
9.5
0.6
-0.2
1.6
Primary supply
11.6
19.3
36.5
56.4
80.2
89.7
91.8
7.0
5.1
-0.0
-0.4
1.2
0.9
0.3
0.1
..
-2.2 e
-3.5 e
-18.8 e
-42.3 e
-65.1 e
-72.7 e
..
13.5
7.8

-0.5 e
-0.4
-0.1 e
-1.2 e
-1.2
-0.0 e
-8.5 e
-5.6 e
-2.9 e
-33.7 e
-29.9 e
-3.7 e
-54.5
-48.6
-5.9
-61.4
-55.0
-6.4
..
..
..
18.5
16.4
25.9
11.6
13.5
4.4
Autoproducers
Gas works
e
e
e
e
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
-1.7 e
-0.2 e
-0.0 e
-1.5 e
-2.3 e
-1.4 e
-0.2 e
-0.7 e
Energy ind. own use
-0.1 e
-1.4 e
-2.1 e
-3.0 e
9.3
13.9
16.7
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
0.6
0.6 e
-
Transport(6)
0.0
Other(7)
8.7
0.1
8.6 e

Residential
Non-energy use
-10.3 e
-4.9 e
-0.6 e
-4.8 e
1.9
1.3 e
0.7
0.0
12.0
0.1 e
11.9 e
-
4.4
0.7 e
0.1 e
2.9
0.0 e
12.4
0.0 e
12.3 e
-
-8.7 e
-7.8 e
-0.6 e
-0.2 e
-10.6 e
-8.8 e
-1.8
0.1
-11.3 e
-9.4 e
-1.9
-
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.1
21.7
28.5
7.0
0.5
3.6
7.1
-
..
-2.6
-2.9
..
17.8
1.8
..
11.9
12.8
14.3
..
3.5
-0.9
11.1
3.1 e
0.2
4.4
-
10.8
4.7 e
0.1
4.2
0.0
12.1
6.4 e
0.1
4.4
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
12.9
1.4
-
5.8
13.1
3.1
2.3
15.8
..
0.8
0.8 e
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
..
..
..
2.1
-7.3
2.2
-11.0
-11.0
0.5
0.6
..
KOREA
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
19.88
0.52
0.52
18.29
0.84
0.68
0.16
0.22
-
33.04
7.71
7.71
20.70
4.59
0.17
0.08
3.53
0.00
0.80
0.05
-
47.13
36.16
36.16
1.22
9.76
0.27
5.31
4.19
-
61.39
52.72
50.21
2.51
2.01
7.09
1.19
0.13
4.75
0.04
0.98
-
63.98
55.14
52.60
2.54
2.33
- e
7.29
1.35 e
0.13
4.69
0.04
1.08 e
-
70.31
60.90
58.34
2.56
2.09
- e
7.85
1.39 e
0.14
4.99
0.04
1.31 e
-
78.89
68.65
65.77
2.88
2.29
- e
8.24
1.58 e
0.13
5.18
0.04
1.31 e
-
4.32
25.23
25.23
1.04
15.15
-10.91
29.42
-12.19
-
4.95
12.92
12.65
-11.51
3.31
13.15
3.00
2.15
15.64
2.75
-
2.01
2.01
-
11.74
11.74
-
19.42
16.38
3.03
-
20.88
15.40
5.48
-
20.73
15.11
5.60 e
0.25
0.25 e
- e
-
21.74
15.45
6.12 e
0.17
0.17 e
- e
-
23.84
16.84
6.66 e
0.33
0.33 e
- e
-
15.84
15.84
-
4.02
2.03
-

KOREA
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
190.61
..
..
99.47
..
..
209.68
..
58.44
..
285.40
54.73
..
371.11
63.96
..
380.89
96.49
..
525.46
87.54
..
352.07
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
32.73
..
190.61
..
..
61.03
..
99.47
..
..
58.36
..
209.68
216.62
..
66.77
116.53
330.54
326.78
305.16
61.12
120.23
412.77
427.59
385.23
75.29
110.12
419.55
436.51
428.40
124.80
247.02
526.36
549.77
388.52
94.12
169.43
365.32
400.04
372.93
For industry
(1 000 Korean wons / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
152.225
..
..
92.585
..
..
311.681
..
56.432
..
375.833
49.119
..
454.149
56.055
..
455.166
100.149
..
743.727
105.229
..
577.122
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
18.743
..
152.225
..
..
40.740
..
92.585
..
..
62.210
..
311.681
321.999
..
64.479
112.530
445.095
440.030
401.855
54.853
107.902
516.531
535.074
471.430
65.984
96.501
512.681
533.407
511.948
129.536
256.398
761.811
795.691
549.912
113.138
203.671
612.352
670.553
611.317
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
0.65
0.61
..
..
0.04
4.96
4.84
3.87 e
0.97 e
0.12
0.17
0.17
..
..
-
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
22.46
22.46
11.13 e
11.34 e
-
54.93
54.93
18.42
36.51
-
67.00
66.69
19.45
47.24
0.32
71.97
71.68
18.93
52.74
0.29
77.86
77.31
21.73
55.58
0.55
87.87
87.17
23.22
63.94
0.70
89.87
89.63
19.89
69.74
0.24
KOREA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
2169
17131
23729 e
45831 e
63724 e
79707
88285
99584
102981
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
2009
1150
409
450
-
8125
3625
2100
1900
-
11287
5053
2026
2908
-
17151
8410
4251
2324
7
19575
10641
4097
1419
-
20081
11677
4089
120
-
22532
14362
5034
252
-
24083
14856
5072
1132
-
20630
12550
4369
1642
-
500
-
3096
1099
-
2172
712
-
2341
49
633
-
1313
725
31
-
160
-
9006
5100
1469
1020
-
e
e
59626
17344
766
538
3
65753
14799
1059
71
7
75501
23347
1450
44
-
82351
30379
3307
200
1
160
1417
-
20210 e
5277 e
2503 e
2197 e
68 e
-
15646
20697
3933
635
64
17748
25336
301
5643
755
34
15536
26362
609
6863
1212
78
8353
33245
620
3995
1839
412

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
e
e
e
100 e
1200
12442
3506
1250
1235
-
e
e
e
1000 e
397 e
5054 e
-
e
e
e
e
e
1072 e
44 e
696 e
347 e
28680
9464
2156
1
2150
4
e
e
e
e
e
e
7209 e
3375 e
3535 e
533 e
223 e
30 e
e
e
e
2781 e
209 e
394 e
34 e
44149
12019
1647
166
62
e
e
e

KOREA
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
..
42.41
68.79
110.75
114.69
105.43
198.33
135.92
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
40.71
44.36
..
..
55.50
39.97
..
..
41.71
58.24
60.15
..
..
144.12
111.54
..
..
82.15
106.89
106.32
..
..
138.42
121.09
..
..
124.34
112.87
125.78
..
..
135.17
108.61
..
..
95.28
103.16
109.12
..
..
123.05
107.69
..
..
102.14
212.42
225.52
..
..
301.67
275.89
..
..
280.59
158.33
168.02
..
..
175.06
161.91
..
..
121.84
Steam coal(3)
..
..
28.67
48.21
55.76
51.73
61.19
88.66
79.76
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.70
32.59
..
..
23.75
28.72
..
32.05
28.59
48.77
58.71
..
..
30.33
51.54
..
..
57.14
58.85
95.90
..
..
31.96
59.44
..
..
58.14
54.91
59.40
..
..
32.11
56.63
..
..
54.19
60.28
67.51
..
..
29.67
69.56
..
71.15
71.32
93.33
83.70
..
..
95.92
113.59
..
76.36
116.34
91.04
80.70
..
..
47.11
106.18
..
104.72
89.02
LUXEMBOURG*

7
120
100
80
60
40
2
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
4.5
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
4.0
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
4.5
0.0
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

18
Industry
2008
Other use
16
3.5
14
3.0
12
2.5
10
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2
0
0.0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
LUXEMBOURG
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
6.33
3.48
2.29
0.31
0.01
0.25
-
5.08
2.61
1.48
0.61
0.03
0.01
0.35
-
4.88
1.62
2.12
0.61
0.04
0.01
0.48
-
4.74
0.18
2.82
0.96
0.06
0.01
0.00
0.70
-
6.03
0.11
3.54
1.72
0.14
0.01
0.01
0.49
-
5.88
0.10
3.51
1.56
0.15
0.02
0.01
0.53
-
5.57
0.08
3.32
1.59
0.14
0.01
0.01
0.42
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
-1.53
-4.40
-0.45
4.05
2.37
3.95
-
1.05
-14.18
2.85
5.32
8.26
3.59
0.56
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
7
0.90
0.4
18.04
385.8
5603.2
150.1
1
63.8
1980
8
0.66
0.4
13.97
284.4
3853.7
166.2
1
55.4
1990
12
0.39
0.4
12.76
168.2
1475.8
118.9
1
79.5
2000
20
0.23
0.4
10.79
100.0
100.0
100.0
0
100.0
2007
27
0.22
0.5
12.56
94.9
47.4
87.4
3
121.7
2008
27
0.22
0.5
12.03
92.6
42.9
85.7
3
115.1
2009e
27
0.21
0.5
11.18
88.9
34.7
..
3
96.2
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.40
4.46
-4.77
-3.26
0.50
1.38
-2.02
-0.33
-4.77
-3.26
-7.55
-17.85
-1.36
-1.80
-4.62
8.53
1.30
2.08
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat

LUXEMBOURG
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
4.10
1.40
2.09
0.25
0.36
-
3.87
1.49
1.44
0.51
0.44
-
4.00
0.78
2.11
0.60
0.51
-
4.64
0.18
2.81
0.89
0.02
0.00
0.70
0.04
5.73
0.16
3.68
0.98
0.02
0.00
0.80
0.09
5.65
0.11
3.55
1.02
0.07
0.00
0.82
0.08
5.57
0.10
3.53
0.98
0.08
0.00
0.81
0.08
-0.15
-3.36
0.05
5.21
1.99
-
1.85
-10.64
2.89
2.75
2.57
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
2.94
1.35
1.10
0.20
0.29
-
2.34
1.45
0.24
0.35
0.30
-
1.91
0.77
0.39
0.40
0.35
-
1.37
0.18
0.11
0.59
0.47
0.02
1.46
0.16
0.11
0.62
0.52
0.04
1.47
0.11
0.11
0.68
0.54
0.02
1.35
0.10
0.11
0.59
0.52
0.03
-2.52
-3.22
-5.94
4.17
1.02
-
-1.91
-10.58
-6.93
2.20
2.32
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.33
0.33
-
0.62
0.61
-
1.26
1.25
-
2.23
2.22
-
3.18
3.17
-
3.12
3.06
-
3.10
3.03
-
8.12
8.16
-
5.15
5.05
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
0.73
0.05
0.60
0.05
0.01
0.76
0.03
0.51
0.16
0.01
0.71
0.01
0.43
0.20
0.01
0.85
0.00
0.43
0.30
0.00
0.01
0.86
0.00
0.35
0.35
0.05
0.01
0.83
0.33
0.34
0.05
0.01
0.88
0.33
0.39
3.05
-0.10
-9.72
-1.86
8.04
4.08
1.18
-1.47
3.71
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.03
-
0.06
0.06
-
0.07
0.08
-
0.02
0.00
0.08
0.01
0.13
-
0.02
0.00
0.09 e
0.05
0.16
-
0.02
0.00
0.09 e
0.05
0.16
-
0.02
0.00
0.09
0.05
0.17
-
5.87
-
1.57
4.35
-
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.04
0.04
-
0.06
0.06
0.06
-
0.08
0.03
0.03
-
0.13
0.02
0.02
-
0.16 e
0.03
0.03
-
0.16 e
0.02
0.02
-
0.17
0.02
0.02
-
-1.93
-1.93
-
4.35
-3.04
-3.04
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
LUXEMBOURG
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
3.5
-0.0
2.6
-0.0
1.6
-
0.2
-
0.1
-
0.1
-
0.1
-
-4.4
x
-14.2
x
Primary supply
3.5
2.6
1.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
-4.4
-14.2
0.0
..
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
-1.9 e
-1.1 e
-0.8
..
-5.1

-0.4
-0.4
-
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
..
..
..
-3.7
-
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
Losses
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
-1.5 e
-1.5 e
-
-0.8 e
-0.8 e
-
..
-0.6
-0.6
-
..
..
..
..
..
-5.5
-5.5
-
..
..
-0.1
-0.1
-0.0
..
1.4
1.5
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
..
-3.4
-10.6
1.3
1.3
-
1.5
1.3 e
0.1
-
0.8
0.6
0.2
-
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
0.1
0.0
0.1
-
0.1
0.0
0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
-3.2
-4.5
-
-10.6
-13.9
-5.3
-
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-9.7
-9.7
..
LUXEMBOURG
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.01
-
0.20
0.20
0.04
0.16
0.00
-
0.17
0.17
0.04
0.13
-
0.11
0.11
0.03
0.08
-
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.10
-
0.11
0.11
0.04
0.07
-
0.10
0.10
0.04
0.06
-
-7.48
-7.45
-19.27
-12.55
-
-3.75
-3.72
0.42
-5.42
-
0.02
0.02
0.02
-

LUXEMBOURG
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
131.80
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
x
..
..
..
..
x
..
..
134.97
..
x
94.73
..
..
..
x
x
130.60
..
..
x
x
..
..
..
x
x
..
..
..
x
x
..
..
..
x
x
..
340.46
..
x
x
..
337.53
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
131.73
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
x
..
..
..
..
x
..
..
125.81
..
x
108.26
..
..
..
x
x
195.34
..
..
x
x
..
..
..
x
x
..
..
..
x
x
..
..
..
x
x
..
299.41
..
x
x
..
312.37
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
3.49
0.30
..
..
3.19
2.63
0.36
0.36
0.02
2.26
1.62
0.20
0.20
1.42
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.01
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.01
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.00
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.00
..
..
-
LUXEMBOURG
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
495
199
197
217
171
153
109
99
26
495
299
12
1
6
199
52
33
32
197
1
34
217
10
100
171
5
52
153
4
97
109
1
57
99
2
51
26
1
25
125
52
72
10
-
138
24
-
107
-
114
-
52
-
51
-
46
-

MEXICO*
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
16
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
14
14
12
12
10
10
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
300
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
16
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

450
Industry
2008
Other use
400
250
350
300
200
250
150
200
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
MEXICO
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
75.10
2.62
46.39
14.99
8.87
1.99
0.20
0.04
-
135.88
3.38
92.07
27.33
9.82
2.07
1.12
0.08
-
173.24
4.95
114.66
33.03
10.49
1.09
2.88
6.29
0.00
-0.17
-
206.84
9.78
128.90
42.26
11.35
3.06
4.07
7.25
0.06
0.11
-
251.84
13.00
143.39
67.30
11.79
3.88
3.35
9.09
0.19
-0.14
-
258.01
10.75
148.16
70.11
11.77
3.65
4.81
8.67
0.22
-0.14
-
252.55
12.68
142.13
69.91
12.23
3.91
3.28
8.28
0.26
-0.11
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
5.04
3.81
5.47
4.76
0.99
2.21
22.57
-
2.24
4.40
1.43
4.27
0.64
6.93
2.89
1.79
46.05
-1.20
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
245
0.31
53.3
1.41
94.5
69.8
50.7
37
..
1980
378
0.36
65.7
2.07
110.5
58.2
59.3
67
56.5
1990
453
0.38
81.3
2.13
117.8
71.2
87.0
116
67.3
2000
637
0.32
98.3
2.11
100.0
100.0
100.0
197
100.0
2007
759
0.33
105.7
2.38
102.1
111.5
101.6
263
108.2
2008
769
0.34
106.6
2.42
103.2
91.0
102.2
259
107.6
2009e
713
0.35
107.5
2.35
109.0
115.8
..
253
99.8
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.68
2.99
1.31
-0.73
2.51
1.52
2.46
0.71
1.31
-0.73
0.12
1.37
3.23
0.90
6.93
4.57
2.64
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
2.47
-
2.48
-
2.37
2.46
-
1.77
5.96
-
1.65
6.92
-
1.51
6.35
-
1.44
5.80
-
-0.34
-
-2.47
5.40
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
3.09
-
3.09
-
2.96
3.97
-
2.21
9.13
-
2.06
10.46
-
1.89
9.59
-
1.79
8.76
-
-0.34
-
-2.47
5.02
-

MEXICO
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
56.77
1.96
31.69
10.38
8.87
3.88
-
94.17
2.29
56.70
18.34
9.82
7.02
-
118.41
2.22
73.16
20.23
10.49
12.31
-
139.83
1.97
89.38
18.31
10.19
0.06
19.92
-
157.53
2.75
103.61
17.35
10.24
0.13
23.45
-
162.55
2.83
107.36
17.90
10.18
0.15
24.13
-
164.86
3.00
108.93
17.86
10.29
0.19
24.59
-
4.42
0.75
5.04
4.00
0.99
7.03
-
1.86
1.67
2.24
-0.69
-0.11
3.92
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
20.16
1.96
5.00
9.09
1.89
2.22
-
31.75
2.29
8.61
14.93
2.20
3.71
-
37.33
2.19
10.64
15.46
2.49
6.56
-
38.78
1.97
10.25
12.68
1.66
12.22
-
41.15
2.75
10.71
12.43
1.62
13.64
-
42.30
2.83
11.07
12.61
1.68
14.11
-
42.10
3.00
9.74
12.34
1.94
15.08
-
3.69
0.66
4.54
3.17
1.62
6.57
-
0.67
1.76
-0.49
-1.25
-1.36
4.73
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
17.72
17.68
-
32.57
32.52
-
40.76
40.66
-
51.65
51.51
0.01
67.05
66.88
0.02
70.88
70.71
0.02
74.03
73.88
0.02
5.02
5.02
-
3.37
3.37
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.04
12.27
3.68
0.56
0.05
15.94
6.42
0.67
0.10
21.06
9.39
1.16
0.13
24.61
10.91
0.74
0.15
25.45
9.85
1.04
0.15
25.43
9.74
1.06
0.14
24.82
9.60
1.05
4.91
3.23
5.67
4.40
1.79
0.92
0.12
-0.52
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
6.98
1.06
1.00
1.00
-
7.62
1.23
2.80
1.84
-
8.01
2.51
2.11
0.77
-
8.53
4.44
4.94
2.47
0.24
8.62
5.94
5.47
2.40
0.28
8.50
6.13
5.39
2.24
0.29
8.35
5.83
5.18
2.14
0.31
0.81
5.17
4.46
-1.54
-
0.23
4.80
5.13
5.85
-
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.36
2.63
0.73
0.97
7.12
4.39
2.73
1.34
12.97
0.03
9.32
3.61
0.06
2.16
15.79
11.15
4.64
0.13
2.65
13.71
10.13
3.58
0.15
2.70
13.75
9.84
3.91
0.19
2.54
13.81
9.67
4.15
8.27
7.73
9.89
3.64
0.35
0.20
0.78
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
MEXICO
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
2.2
0.4
0.1
2.5
0.9
-0.1
0.1
4.8
0.3
-0.0
-0.2
7.7
2.4
-0.0
-0.4
8.6
4.1
-0.0
0.4
7.9
3.3
-0.0
-0.5
7.2
4.2
1.2
4.8
-0.9
x
2.7
13.6
-6.1
x
2.6
3.4
5.0
9.8
13.0
10.7
12.7
3.8
4.4
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
1.0
0.2
..
-0.5
-0.9
-2.8
-7.8 e
-11.1
-7.9
..
10.3
6.1

-0.1
-0.1
-
-2.6
-2.6
-
-6.8
-6.2
-0.6
-10.9
-10.7
-0.1
-7.6
-7.4
-0.2
..
..
..
23.5
23.5
-
6.1
6.0
-
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.4
-0.4
-
-0.9
-0.9
-
-0.2
-0.2
-
..
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-
-0.4
-0.2
-0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
-6.0
-6.0
-
4.5
-1.4
-
..
-0.9 e
-0.7 e
-0.2
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.0
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
-1.6
-1.7
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
..
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.8
3.0
..
0.7
1.7
2.0
2.0
-
2.3
2.3
-
2.2
1.9
0.0
-
2.0
1.7 e
0.0
-
2.8
2.4
0.2
-
3.0
2.6
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
0.7
-0.1
-
1.8
1.6
10.2
-
Transport(6)
..
Other(7)
Residential
..
..
..
Non-energy use
0.0
..
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
MEXICO
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
3.97
3.97
3.97
-
11.36
9.57
9.57
1.79
-
16.88
14.92
14.92
1.77
0.19
0.19
-
16.62
14.70
14.70
1.66
0.26
0.26
-
16.46
14.66
14.66
1.49
0.31
0.31
-
12.70
10.84
10.84
1.57
0.30
0.30
-
6.67
5.74
5.74
-
4.05
3.97
-
2.91
2.89
-
0.93
0.93
-
0.68
0.68
-
0.84
0.84
-
1.02
1.02
-
0.98
0.98
-
-2.72
-2.61
-
-5.90
-5.86
-
0.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
-

MEXICO
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
7.91
10.62
33.41
10.63
13.90
48.20
38.05
68.39
48.69
86.20
116.69
62.69
122.84
282.94
64.79
174.80
264.12
70.26
174.33
245.99
80.19
306.50
328.91
78.20
209.10
154.07
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
x
..
7.91
..
10.53
x
..
10.63
..
13.90
x
..
38.05
..
68.39
x
..
86.29
..
116.69
x
..
124.96
..
277.77
x
..
176.42
..
266.91
x
..
179.05
..
269.96
x
..
296.70
..
336.89
x
..
209.12
..
..
For industry
(1 000 Mexican pesos / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.089
0.157
0.250
0.301
1.180
1.418
0.446
1.938
3.961
0.462
2.761
3.702
0.502
2.760
3.456
0.585
4.951
4.717
0.690
4.090
2.675
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
x
..
0.000
..
0.000
x
..
0.000
..
0.000
x
..
0.157
..
0.250
x
..
1.181
..
1.418
x
..
1.971
..
3.889
x
..
2.786
..
3.742
x
..
2.834
..
3.793
x
..
4.793
..
4.831
x
..
4.090
..
..
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.39
0.25
..
..
0.14
0.92
0.81
0.81
0.12
0.34
0.22
0.22
0.11
2.43
1.85
1.85
0.00
0.57
5.89
5.53
5.53
0.00
0.35
5.68
5.38
5.38
0.00
0.29
4.07
3.82
3.82
0.00
0.25
3.35
3.04
3.04
0.00
0.30
4.24
4.05
4.05
0.00
0.19
..
..
-
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
MEXICO
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
570
590
228
818
2432
7622
5459
4261
6004
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
570
470
-
590
195
303
-
228
122
6
-
100
92
100
818
818
-
2432
1074
538
697
-
7622
6379
511
369
140
5459
4624
279
505
-
4261
650
324
1195
-
6004
3621
164
1054
-
1
66
56
-
2
193
28
-
2
49
-
832
133
1127
-
1
815
63
286
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

NETHERLANDS*

120
250
100
200
80
150
60
100
40
50
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
30
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
2009e
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
14
12
25
10
20
8
15
6
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
120
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

200
Industry
2008
Other use
180
100
160
140
80
120
100
60
80
40
60
40
20
20
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
NETHERLANDS
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
88.57
4.10
43.52
40.71
0.41
-0.17
-
91.95
5.42
41.22
43.46
0.32
1.56
-0.04
-
93.82
12.76
33.25
44.00
1.34
1.30
0.01
0.01
1.13
-
104.61
11.21
36.99
49.98
2.48
1.46
0.02
0.15
2.32
-
114.62
12.16
46.85
47.51
3.89
1.56
0.01
0.48
2.16
-
113.83
11.54
44.30
49.49
4.40
1.55
0.01
0.00
0.58
1.95
-
110.32
10.68
42.05
49.94
4.85
1.57
0.01
0.00
0.61
0.60
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.34
6.91
-1.57
0.46
7.00
-
1.08
-0.56
1.61
0.66
6.81
0.97
1.02
25.32
3.06
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
188
0.47
13.4
6.59
173.2
74.7
92.8
53
69.0
1980
226
0.41
14.1
6.50
149.6
82.2
99.9
65
77.0
1990
282
0.33
14.9
6.28
122.5
155.4
102.7
72
81.8
2000
385
0.27
15.9
6.57
100.0
100.0
100.0
90
100.0
2007
440
0.26
16.4
7.00
95.8
94.8
97.0
105
109.0
2008
449
0.25
16.4
6.92
93.3
88.2
95.7
108
110.6
2009e
437
0.25
16.6
6.66
93.0
84.0
..
112
102.5
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.41
2.62
-2.02
-1.50
0.63
0.53
-0.29
0.55
-2.02
-1.50
4.40
-3.10
0.60
-0.39
1.86
2.26
1.01
1.69
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat

NETHERLANDS
(Mtce)
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
68.07
1.55
33.52
27.56
5.45
-
77.59
1.11
34.79
34.64
7.05
-
70.18
1.97
25.82
32.40
0.52
0.00
9.03
0.44
81.00
1.30
29.70
33.34
0.51
0.02
12.01
4.13
82.28
1.24
32.65
31.23
0.64
0.03
13.02
3.46
88.05
1.41
39.24
29.43
1.07
0.03
13.32
3.55
87.20
1.36
37.29
30.82
1.03
0.00
0.03
13.41
3.26
0.18
1.44
-1.52
0.96
3.02
-
1.21
-2.03
2.06
-0.28
3.87
13.57
2.22
11.80
19.30
1.09
3.79
11.63
2.79
-
17.59
0.99
3.63
9.52
3.45
-
16.15
1.58
1.12
9.30
0.06
4.08
-
19.73
0.87
2.29
8.95
0.09
5.01
2.53
17.60
0.86
1.40
7.90
0.19
5.11
2.14
18.43
0.91
2.26
7.68
0.19
5.20
2.20
17.03
0.83
1.41
7.54
0.19
5.18
1.88
-1.04
2.21
-6.90
-1.31
2.26
-
0.30
-3.51
1.27
-1.16
7.22
1.33
-
9.33
9.22
-
10.85
10.73
-
12.70
12.54
-
15.67
15.47
-
17.09
16.84
0.00
17.12
16.45
0.00
17.30
16.69
0.00
1.83
1.82
-
1.73
1.60
-
0.11
18.66
0.34
6.77
10.21
0.12
20.25
0.07
2.01
16.31
0.16
14.19
0.03
0.35
11.23
0.20
14.72
0.01
0.08
11.38
0.06
0.20
14.30
0.01
0.13
10.53
0.47
0.19
13.19
0.01
0.08
9.47
0.41
0.20
13.99
0.01
0.09
10.15
2.09
-1.60
-12.77
-16.03
0.56
1.32
-0.08
-4.67
-7.31
-0.56
1.35
2.74
1.53
-
1.86
2.52
1.07
0.04
0.40
0.00
2.03
0.15
8.26
0.04
0.90
4.65
0.34
0.01
2.68
0.21
10.32
0.03
0.41
5.31
0.33
0.02
3.05
0.23
12.29
0.03
0.49
6.92
0.33
0.03
2.98
0.29
12.17
0.04
0.73
6.21
0.33
0.03
3.05
0.34
13.80
0.01
0.80
8.11
2.44
6.71
-3.07
-
-1.12
19.58
2.29
4.55
2.90
-5.96
-0.68
3.14
1.20
10.80
10.80
-
1.41
18.81
16.32
2.49
0.06
0.00
2.47
0.13
14.03
0.32
10.47
3.25
0.07
0.00
3.61
0.88
15.01
0.39
10.72
3.91
0.05
0.00
3.99
0.80
16.48
0.34
13.09
3.05
0.06
0.00
4.33
0.80
22.50
0.45
18.92
3.13
0.06
0.00
4.03
0.79
20.89
0.51
17.54
2.85
4.34
1.55
-0.19
-
-0.21
3.35
2.75
10.55
2.24
2.64
2.91
-0.73
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
NETHERLANDS
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1.6
4.2
-2.0
0.3
7.3
-2.0
0.1
16.8
-3.3
-0.7
20.1
-8.7
-0.2
23.3
-10.6
-0.5
18.8
-6.6
-0.7
17.3
-4.1
-2.5
8.5
2.9
x
0.6
4.0
x
Primary supply
4.1
5.4
12.8
11.2
12.2
11.5
10.7
6.9
-0.6
0.1
0.1
-0.6
0.0
0.0
..
-10.5 e
-9.9
..
10.7
0.0
-7.8
-7.8
-0.0
..
..
..
12.5
12.4
-
-0.3
-0.3
-10.4
-1.8 e
-4.1
-9.9 e
-9.7 e

-1.1
-1.1
-
-2.6
-2.4
-0.2
-8.3
-8.2
-0.1
-7.9
-7.9
-0.0
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.6 e
-0.8 e
0.2
0.0
-1.6
-1.2
-0.4
-
-8.3
-8.3
-0.0
-1.6 e
-1.5 e
-0.1
-
-1.7 e
-1.6 e
-0.2
-
-2.2 e
-2.0 e
-0.2
-
..
-2.1
-1.9
-0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
5.4
3.3
-
1.6
1.4
4.0
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.9
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
..
-5.5
-1.1
Losses
-0.1
..
1.5
1.1
2.0
1.3
1.4
1.4
..
1.4
-2.0
1.1
0.7
0.2
0.0
-
1.0
0.6
0.2
0.2
-
1.6
0.9 e
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.7 e
0.0
0.1
-
0.9
0.8 e
0.1
-
0.8
0.7
0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
2.2
1.6
2.8
10.5
-
-3.5
-1.2
-3.9
-
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
..
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-10.1
-12.8
-5.6
-6.0
-4.7
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
..
2.6
NETHERLANDS
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1.85
1.70
1.59
0.11
0.01
0.06
0.05
0.01
0.07
-
9.64
8.72
8.69
0.03
- e
0.48
- e
0.36
0.03
0.00
0.09 e
0.06
0.01
8.69
8.59
8.59
- e
0.07
0.01 e
0.01
0.02
0.04 e
0.03
-
8.31
8.27
8.27
- e
0.01
0.01 e
0.00
0.01 e
0.03
-
8.26
8.23
8.23
- e
0.00
- e
0.00
0.00 e
0.03
-
8.74
8.68
8.68
- e
0.04
- e
0.00
0.04 e
0.03
-
8.27
8.22
8.22
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.01
-
14.74
14.59
15.21
-9.75
19.17
17.55
22.79
-0.98
-
-0.85
-0.33
-0.31
-12.93
-17.65
-4.77
-11.57
-
2.95
3.28
-
4.39
3.85
0.62 e
0.06
0.06 e
- e
-
4.05
3.01
0.98 e
0.06
0.06 e
- e
0.01
4.70
3.16
1.47 e
0.07
0.05 e
0.02 e
0.00
4.39
3.05
1.29 e
0.05
0.04 e
0.02 e
0.00
4.70
3.11
1.56 e
0.03
0.03 e
- e
0.00
4.42
3.06
1.35
0.00
3.36
1.33
-
0.04
-1.26
4.44
-
0.07
0.07
0.07
-
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.01
-
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.02
-
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.02
-
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
-
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.03
-
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
-
0.12
-0.95
-1.23
-
-5.48
-11.08
7.21
6.29
-

NETHERLANDS
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
40.99
65.34
61.49
63.99
138.04
126.93
71.37
..
103.23
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.76
105.55
71.09
..
68.25
62.94
131.85
133.96
..
113.74
62.74
154.34
131.18
..
97.42
..
..
x
156.50
129.53
..
..
x
255.43
..
..
..
x
295.94
..
..
..
x
323.99
347.39
..
..
x
416.14
418.14
..
..
x
279.91
388.98
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
40.25
89.46
77.63
57.72
173.60
147.20
58.95
..
109.63
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
56.72
100.69
97.33
..
86.17
56.77
115.53
168.47
..
131.91
51.82
123.84
151.08
..
103.46
..
..
x
236.75
180.69
..
..
x
286.69
..
..
..
x
328.86
..
..
..
x
329.76
326.05
..
..
x
396.87
367.73
..
..
x
280.92
359.98


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
4.20
3.52
..
..
0.01
0.66
7.32
6.38
3.15
3.23
0.11
0.84
16.78
16.19
4.51
11.68
0.05
0.54
20.09
19.47
4.76
14.71
0.03
0.59
18.61
18.12
4.88
13.24
0.03
0.46
21.13
20.46
4.46
16.00
0.03
0.64
23.28
22.58
4.27
18.31
0.04
0.67
18.82
18.42
4.20
14.21
0.02
0.39
17.27
17.18
2.98
14.19
0.01
0.08
1.99
1.07
..
..
0.93
2.02
1.33
0.04
1.30
0.68
3.26
2.31
2.31
0.00
0.95
8.66
8.10
0.92
7.18
0.00
0.56
6.73
6.37
0.23
6.14
0.36
9.55
8.63
0.04
8.59
0.92
10.62
10.04
10.04
0.57
6.59
6.36
0.02
6.33
0.23
4.06
3.99
0.03
3.96
0.07
NETHERLANDS
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
5038
11607
17440
17134
22539
22844
26035
21157
19906
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
2853
961
89
782
376
644
1
4169
1027
35
6
455
315
7
2255
48
4603
449
426
462
98
3110
4
4936
432
514
15
368
2378
10
4864
1902
366
319
1621
1
4558
1437
607
1
1274
-
4366
1097
610
1237
11
4297
579
584
1667
71
3049
299
258
1550
408
21
-
1
6
46
1
-
16
214
989
-
10
441
204
-
384
815
40
-
326
26
1059
-
248
17
1023
20
88
534
-
2185
529
55
62
703
264
166
14
10
7438
1898
141
64
155
949
2
3105
68
12837
5176
72
1043
3023
237
12198
2293
34
795
9
2731
76
17675
1110
19
1246
9
1242
365
18286
390
2
29
237
16
163
210
21669
660
169
21
136
1087
1052
16860
256
91
96
61
1389
772
16857
313
67
2
2
520
1078
309
57
16
1
162
878
10
5
152
1514
133
1436
32
19
-
462
2450
1034
2167
41
79
20
7
271
4989
2644
5287
174
90
157
72
62
5923
3152
6430
1419
141
92
20
48
7500
1866
6838
2081
108
103
-
201
5634
1186
4418
2715
41
-
6
7910
674
4292
1973
10
10
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

NETHERLANDS
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
13
103
938
45
23
28
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
13
13
-
103
72
9
3
19
-
8
8
-
938
10
928
-
27
4
23
-
23
23
-
15
15
-
18
18
13
13
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

NETHERLANDS
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
475
1336
2512
3218
8621
9813
11882
7505
4704
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
475
231
9
228
5
2
-
1296
222
23
45
67
216
41
96
10
123
158
295
-
2448
469
2
2
261
1410
48
7
3
26
7
213
-
3199
168
333
2466
5
8
22
5
60
2
130
-
8590
1
148
318
7466
3
53
315
19
267
-
9703
1
36
41
95
7
1532
7315
60
48
45
9
7
165
14
39
11
278
-
11837
59
27
138
937
9770
67
15
65
6
50
146
13
16
8
520
-
7404
79
147
1248
5132
50
3
20
56
165
157
15
21
311
-
4693
42
7
57
996
3182
51
26
103
2
4
70
153
-
40
40
64
61
3
-
110
16
13
81
45
15
3
1
26
101
5
11
15
25
45
11
6
5
19
31
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

NETHERLANDS
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
60.87
53.77
46.87
78.99
104.06
125.70
125.84
187.06
182.14
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
60.19
59.41
..
60.71
51.33
46.96
50.24
47.62
..
56.87
54.78
..
55.46
57.65
39.24
..
..
33.59
48.55
45.10
..
45.45
50.32
43.08
32.01
..
..
86.94
76.24
..
..
86.30
..
76.73
..
68.97
101.15
100.14
..
..
108.36
352.78
130.59
..
95.25
126.33
143.55
..
..
127.21
127.00
..
..
88.14
127.31
131.67
..
..
128.72
269.39
..
..
91.41
191.72
220.98
..
..
159.55
242.43
..
..
155.18
235.19
214.60
..
..
152.33
..
..
..
128.98
Steam coal(3)
52.25
43.89
29.54
55.09
68.86
68.57
79.12
133.50
98.82
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
52.28
..
..
55.66
54.91
51.46
51.72
43.71
47.99
42.39
..
..
46.60
49.37
42.61
40.75
41.63
58.39
31.26
29.97
..
30.39
31.13
30.20
28.38
30.08
30.10
70.15
103.25
..
70.15
53.90
62.91
54.89
52.22
74.07
106.55
144.61
..
304.89
76.01
77.09
65.86
65.31
67.64
108.34
145.81
..
61.40
100.13
..
62.25
64.04
76.60
102.57
94.31
..
75.83
88.56
..
78.24
75.31
79.08
147.93
139.51
..
161.93
141.08
..
136.04
130.98
116.75
198.55
..
132.46
120.11
121.93
..
94.29
94.06
93.91
NEW ZEALAND*
140
30
120
25
100
20
80
15
60
10
40
20
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
6.0
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
2009e
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
3.5
3.0
5.0
2.5
4.0
2.0
3.0
1.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
05
0.0
0.0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
50
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

45
40
Industry
2008
Other use
35
40
30
35
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
NEW ZEALAND
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
11.46
1.80
5.96
0.40
1.76
1.53
-
12.84
1.46
5.73
1.13
0.74
2.33
1.46
-
18.14
1.62
5.02
5.57
0.78
2.85
2.25
0.05
23.84
1.49
8.16
7.22
1.23
3.00
2.66
0.01
0.05
23.84
2.20
8.79
5.21
1.46
2.90
3.10
0.12
0.05
24.19
2.42
8.81
4.91
1.48
2.74
3.66
0.14
0.04
25.83
2.31
8.99
5.07
1.98
2.97
4.28
0.19
0.04
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.74
-0.64
-1.01
16.69
2.88
2.32
-
1.61
2.26
3.18
-0.69
3.60
-0.21
2.72
-1.61

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
33
0.35
3.0
3.86
77.9
196.4
73.8
19
..
1980
33
0.39
3.1
4.08
86.2
156.6
89.4
23
73.8
1990
40
0.46
3.5
5.20
101.2
144.5
105.7
32
82.9
2000
53
0.45
3.9
6.15
100.0
100.0
100.0
39
100.0
2007
67
0.36
4.3
5.59
78.7
116.3
86.8
44
111.3
2008
66
0.37
4.3
5.62
80.7
129.1
87.3
44
110.4
2009e
66
0.39
4.3
5.95
86.3
123.5
..
43
101.8
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.17
2.90
1.55
-1.25
0.95
1.18
1.77
0.43
1.55
-1.25
-1.79
-0.62
2.13
-1.05
3.32
1.71
1.60
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.01
1.53
0.07
-
0.18
1.36
0.10
-
0.55
1.35
0.08
-
1.72
1.51
0.10
-
1.99
1.92
0.13
-
2.37
1.64
0.12
-
1.91
1.74
0.12
-
38.38
-1.01
0.89
-
8.43
1.08
2.27
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.01
2.01
0.15
-
0.17
1.76
0.21
-
0.58
1.85
0.16
-
1.64
2.00
0.21
-
1.92
2.65
0.26
-
2.36
2.29
0.25
-
1.90
2.40
0.26
-
39.12
-0.70
0.54
-
8.13
1.21
2.57
-

NEW ZEALAND
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
8.39
1.24
4.99
0.20
1.96
-
9.87
1.15
5.17
0.52
0.63
2.40
-
13.28
1.35
5.63
1.85
0.64
0.39
3.41
-
18.27
0.86
7.44
4.35
0.99
0.32
4.29
-
17.67
0.82
8.58
2.00
1.19
0.33
0.01
4.73
-
17.81
0.83
8.62
2.05
1.22
0.33
0.01
4.74
-
17.74
0.88
8.49
2.07
1.24
0.33
0.01
4.72
-
2.74
0.48
0.72
13.84
3.33
-
1.62
-2.35
2.30
0.64
3.71
-0.85
1.81
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
2.81
0.98
1.06
0.07
0.69
-
3.44
0.78
0.87
0.38
0.46
0.94
-
4.56
1.17
0.39
0.76
0.55
0.31
1.37
-
4.50
0.70
0.45
0.71
0.71
0.19
1.73
-
4.94
0.62
0.54
0.87
0.92
0.20
1.80
-
5.15
0.64
0.61
0.95
0.94
0.20
1.81
-
5.18
0.67
0.70
0.90
0.96
0.20
1.75
-
2.89
1.04
-5.72
14.70
4.12
-
0.71
-3.06
3.26
0.97
3.16
-2.52
1.35
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.77
2.77
-
3.27
0.00
3.26
0.01
4.23
4.14
0.08
5.98
5.92
0.00
7.07
7.00
0.01
7.11
7.04
0.01
6.78
6.71
0.01
2.51
2.40
-
2.66
2.72
-13.57
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.00
1.29
0.22
0.11
0.04
0.00
1.45
0.19
0.04
0.06
0.01
1.60
0.05
0.02
0.11
0.05
1.92
0.03
0.06
0.16
0.06
2.14
0.02
0.08
0.20
0.06
2.09
0.02
0.09
0.17
0.07
2.03
0.01
0.08
0.13
2.67
1.29
-8.17
-10.85
5.92
12.81
1.33
-8.46
9.61
1.13
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.91
0.73
0.34
0.09
0.17 e
0.99
1.01
0.17
0.36
0.07
0.09 e
0.08
1.26
1.15
0.08
0.23
0.15
0.28
0.00
1.39
1.62
0.11
0.14
0.44
0.27
0.00
0.01
1.55
1.56
0.12
0.12
0.15
0.27
0.00
0.01
1.53
1.60
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.26
0.00
0.01
1.53
1.68
0.14
0.21
0.10
1.91
2.70
-2.28
3.05
6.14
-15.78
1.07
2.09
3.05
-0.38
-2.13
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.30
0.34
0.34
-
0.00
0.41
0.31
0.31
-
0.00
0.69
1.20
0.45
0.75
0.01
0.13
0.80
3.46
0.44
3.03
0.01
0.13
1.03
1.16
0.45
0.71
0.01
0.13
1.06
1.13
0.41
0.73
0.01
0.13
1.07
1.34
0.46
0.88
4.95
7.63
1.61
-
11.11
2.49
0.62
0.12
0.90
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
NEW ZEALAND
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
1.8
-0.0
-0.0
1.6
-0.1
-0.1
2.0
0.0
-0.3
-0.1
3.3
-1.6
-0.2
4.0
0.6
-2.1
-0.3
4.1
0.5
-2.6
0.4
3.8
0.5
-2.1
0.1
0.4
14.7
x
4.2
26.4
12.3
x
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.5
2.2
2.4
2.3
-0.6
2.3
-0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
..
-0.6
-0.2
-0.3
-0.7
-1.3
-1.9
..
-3.5
10.6

Autoproducers
-0.5
-0.5
-
-0.2
-0.2
-
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.7
-0.3
-0.3
-1.1
-0.9
-0.2
-1.7
-1.5
-0.2
..
..
..
-3.2
-6.2
-
10.0
12.5
2.7
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
..
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-
..
..
..
..
..
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
..
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
1.2
1.1
1.4
0.9
0.8
0.9
..
0.5
-2.3
1.0
0.1
-
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.2
-
0.7
-
0.6
-
0.7
-
..
..
..
..
..
1.0
-
-3.1
-
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
0.0
..
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
..
..
..
-2.2
-8.2
0.9
3.1
-8.5
..
NEW ZEALAND
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
2.04
0.59
0.59
0.05
0.08
0.83
0.18
0.12
0.03
0.49
0.45
-
1.78
0.39
0.23
0.16
1.30
1.30
0.10
-
1.78
0.85
0.43
0.42
0.77
0.77
0.13
-
3.94
2.41
2.41
0.76
0.52
0.52
0.14
-
3.91
2.28
2.28
0.76
0.55
0.55
0.16
-
2.83
1.17
1.17
0.77
0.59
0.59
0.16
-
3.20
1.96
1.96
0.74
0.61
0.61
0.18
-
-1.10
-3.45
-7.50
3.87
8.45
-11.72
-
3.30
9.42
12.59
-4.11
-4.11
3.20
-
0.22
0.16
0.16
0.02
-
0.13
0.09
0.00
0.03
0.05
0.04
-
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.13
0.08
-
0.26
0.01
0.01
0.18
0.18
0.08
-
0.28
0.01
0.01
0.22
0.22
0.06
-
0.28
0.01
0.01
0.22
0.22
0.06
-
0.26
0.02
0.02
0.23
0.23
0.05
-
0.26
0.02
0.02
0.27
0.27
0.05
-
3.89
3.10
7.73
5.52
-
1.17
2.13
2.13
4.32
4.32
-2.58
-

NEW ZEALAND
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
36.23
c
90.62
..
..
41.62
c
162.81
..
..
c
c
157.65
..
61.47
c
c
155.06
..
46.55
c
c
290.24
..
129.14
c
c
268.54
330.60
145.45
c
c
295.36
360.75
162.36
c
c
393.95
..
..
c
c
308.05
..
..
(New Zealand dollars / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2005
c
c
c
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
34.00
c
126.00
..
..
41.75
c
242.00
..
..
c
c
382.76
..
132.62
c
c
494.68
..
131.94
c
c
596.71
..
235.90
c
c
599.04
737.46
288.28
c
c
581.68
710.45
284.12
c
c
812.59
..
..
c
c
713.19
..
..


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
..
..
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.80
0.80
0.80
-
0.90
0.90
0.90
-
0.55
0.55
0.01
0.54
0.00
-
0.45
0.45
0.01
0.44
0.00
-
0.51
0.51
0.00
0.51
-
0.03
..
..
0.03
0.07
0.07
0.07
-
0.32
0.32
0.32
-
1.60
1.60
1.60
-
2.41
2.41
2.41
-
2.79
2.79
2.79
-
2.09
2.09
2.09
-
2.57
2.57
2.57
-
2.09
2.09
2.04
0.05
-
NEW ZEALAND
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
11
315
336
1334
1529
2720
2014
2561
2034
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
11
11
-
308
308
-
285
30
243
12
-
721
123
517
7
35
39
940
122
687
85
46
-
1216 e
1216 e
-
7
7
-
51
51
-
382
276
106
-
589
185
313
91
-
1504
526
545
433
-
231
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

e
e
e
e
431 e
431 e
1583
556
579
448
-
e
e
e
e
393 e
393 e
-
511
117
208
186
-
1657
e
e
2034
NORWAY*

50
140
45
120
40
100
35
30
80
25
60
20
15
40
10
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
4.5
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
4.0
1.6
3.5
1.4
3.0
1.2
2.5
1.0
2.0
0.8
1.5
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
160
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
1.8
0.0
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

45
Industry
2008
Other use
40
140
35
120
30
100
25
80
20
60
15
40
10
20
5
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
NORWAY
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
20.37
1.30
10.76
8.95
-0.64
-
26.17
1.44
12.44
1.24
0.84
10.27
-0.06
-
30.00
1.23
11.52
2.82
1.47
14.88
-1.95
0.03
36.95
1.54
12.79
5.92
1.95
17.07
0.00
-2.34
0.03
39.22
1.08
13.94
6.95
1.89
16.42
0.11
-1.23
0.06
42.39
1.10
16.78
6.94
1.94
17.15
0.11
-1.70
0.07
37.87
0.80
12.74
7.85
1.88
15.51
0.12
-1.10
0.07
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.30
-0.31
0.40
3.04
6.81
-
1.94
-0.62
2.11
5.13
1.54
0.79
-0.76
5.51

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
67
0.30
4.0
5.14
138.4
212.5
139.3
73
32.1
1980
91
0.29
4.1
6.40
130.6
172.5
126.0
84
45.9
1990
117
0.26
4.2
7.07
116.8
115.5
127.2
122
71.0
2000
168
0.22
4.5
8.23
100.0
100.0
100.0
140
100.0
2007
197
0.20
4.7
8.33
90.5
59.7
86.2
136
92.5
2008
201
0.21
4.8
8.89
96.1
60.1
85.3
142
92.9
2009e
199
0.19
4.8
7.91
86.5
44.1
..
132
89.3
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.33
3.05
-0.99
-1.08
0.40
0.65
1.89
1.28
-0.99
-1.08
-3.52
-3.56
-0.53
-2.20
3.05
0.85
4.79
1.51
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.23
0.18
-
0.16
0.13
-
0.29
-
0.61
-
3.83
-
3.15
-
2.53
-
4.31
-
14.15
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.23
0.18
-
0.16
0.13
-
0.30
-
0.63
-
4.00
-
3.28
-
2.64
-
4.68
-
14.15
-

NORWAY
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
19.08
1.16
10.44
0.01
7.47
-
22.83
1.24
11.56
0.01
0.84
9.19
-
24.91
1.11
10.52
1.28
11.89
0.11
28.28
1.36
10.72
0.85
1.71
13.46
0.18
29.12
0.80
12.18
1.10
1.52
13.19
0.32
29.81
0.91
12.48
0.99
1.48
13.59
0.35
29.85
0.94
12.12
1.22
1.50
13.70
0.38
1.58
-0.27
0.04
2.78
-
1.01
-0.88
0.79
0.89
0.79
7.26
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
8.34
1.08
2.69
0.00
4.57
-
9.19
1.19
2.83
0.00
0.26
4.91
-
8.62
1.09
1.33
0.55
5.63
0.02
9.91
1.36
1.09
0.25
0.85
6.34
0.03
9.45
0.80
1.63
0.28
0.57
6.13
0.04
9.39
0.91
1.47
0.26
0.61
6.10
0.04
9.55
0.94
1.44
0.30
0.62
6.20
0.04
0.19
0.07
-4.08
1.23
-
0.57
-0.81
0.47
0.67
0.54
2.97
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
3.28
3.21
-
4.13
4.05
-
4.87
4.79
-
5.80
5.72
0.00
6.54
6.44
0.01
6.86
6.71
0.06
6.78
6.62
0.07
2.35
2.37
-
1.86
1.81
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.06
2.68
0.08
0.63
0.01
0.08
4.55
0.04
1.17
0.00
0.08
5.15
0.01
0.64
-
0.08
5.46
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.01
0.08
5.45
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.01
0.08
5.48
0.29
0.01
0.01
0.08
5.41
0.24
0.00
1.33
3.92
-12.22
0.15
-
0.25
0.28
-5.40
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.96
0.82
0.01
0.00
0.57
2.77
2.33
0.98
-
0.74
3.72
0.04
2.92
0.49
-
0.82
4.26
0.03
3.03
0.34
0.00
0.91
4.13
0.06
3.21
0.33
0.02
0.83
4.29
0.07
3.49
0.32
0.02
0.84
4.24
0.09
3.53
0.30
0.03
3.84
7.72
22.95
-
0.75
0.73
5.24
1.06
-2.72
-
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.81
1.58
1.58
-
1.35
2.24
2.24
-
2.38
0.05
2.63
2.63
-
0.04
2.53
0.13
2.98
2.38
0.60
0.03
2.60
0.22
3.26
2.50
0.76
0.03
2.87
0.25
3.43
2.81
0.62
0.03
2.92
0.25
3.48
2.69
0.79
6.55
3.03
3.03
-
1.14
9.62
1.57
0.12
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
NORWAY
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
0.4
1.0
-0.1
0.1
0.3
1.3
-0.1
0.0
0.3
1.2
-0.2
-0.0
0.6
1.4
-0.6
0.1
3.8
1.0
-3.2
-0.5
3.1
1.1
-3.2
0.1
2.5
0.7
-2.3
-0.1
-2.1
1.3
3.9
x
14.2
-0.7
15.2
x
Primary supply
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.1
0.8
-0.3
-0.6
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
..
-1.2
0.9

-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
..
..
..
3.5
3.5
-
0.9
0.9
-
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.0
-
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
0.0
-
-0.1
-0.1
-
-0.1
-0.1
-
..
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-
..
..
..
..
..
-2.3
-1.4
-
0.9
0.9
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
-0.0
..
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.4
0.9
0.9
..
-0.3
-0.9
1.1
0.8 e
0.1
0.1
-
1.2
0.9 e
0.2
0.1
-
1.1
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.4
0.8
0.3
0.3
-
0.9
0.4 e
0.3
0.2
-
0.9
0.4 e
0.3
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
-0.6
3.4
1.5
-
-0.8
-3.2
3.4
2.2
-
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
..
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-9.9
-12.2
..
NORWAY
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.42
0.02
0.02
0.35
0.25
0.10
0.00
0.01
-
0.75
0.02
0.02
0.74
0.48
0.11
0.14
0.01
0.00
0.01
-
1.04
0.02
0.02
0.96
0.47
0.22
0.27
0.00
0.00
-
0.80
0.03
0.03
0.69
0.31
0.19
0.19
-
0.64
0.03
0.03
0.59
0.28
0.11
0.19
0.00
-
0.68
0.03
0.03
0.64
0.25
0.19
0.21
-
0.70
0.02
0.02
0.67
0.27
0.21
0.20
-
5.00
0.84
0.84
6.54
5.75
1.12
3.44
-2.93
-
-0.41
0.26
0.26
-0.57
-3.24
3.44
2.00
-
0.41
0.41
-

NORWAY
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
39.79
..
70.70
..
x
62.32
116.19
141.87
..
x
53.13
93.32
217.89
..
x
..
x
x
249.16
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
(Norwegian crowns / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2005
..
x
..
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
200
..
528
..
x
295
550
998
..
x
319
560
1943
..
x
..
x
x
3123
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x
..
x
x
..
x


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.96
0.40
..
..
0.56
1.25
0.74
0.27
0.47
0.52
1.20
0.68
0.68
0.52
1.41
0.88
0.88
0.53
1.01
0.64
0.64
0.37
0.89
0.51
0.51
0.38
1.01
0.58
0.58
0.43
1.06
0.62
0.62
0.44
0.68
0.41
0.41
0.27
0.13
0.08
..
..
0.05
0.13
0.09
0.09
0.03
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.00
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.00
1.60
1.60
1.60
0.00
2.17
2.17
2.17
-
3.23
3.23
3.23
-
3.19
3.19
3.19
-
2.30
2.30
2.30
-
NORWAY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
450
917
713
930
919
528
610
643
424
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
187
125
62
-
215
134
32
-
49
-
263
2
55
29
77
46
38
702
2
99
141
19
191
191
713
32
48
87
181
151
99
930
49
59
195
153
103
143
919
64
151
169
21
291
528
38
166
21
140
610
3
35
157
72
5
184
643
72
155
44
89
162
424
9
32
85
94
16
58
16
-
43
14
2
-
4
9
97
5
-
155
8
9
52
1
3
36
102
82
3
-
6
72
76
9
-
17
98
33
3
3
-
68
2
50
1
65
56
9
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

NORWAY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
77
235
254
180
574
2266
3371
3331
2397
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
76
75
1
-
235
1
44
69
2
21
2
92
4
-
253
2
50
87
4
46
3
61
-
179
22
86
57
3
10
1
-
570
156
50
330
7
2
25
-
2266
129
46
111
1693
73
7
143
64
3371
324
2275
104
19
219
398
32
3331
2
340
66
137
2149
76
9
71
105
227
6
143
-
2397
28
158
173
1552
245
241
-
1
1
-
4
2
2
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

POLAND*

200
140
180
120
160
100
140
120
80
100
60
80
60
40
40
20
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
200
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
140
160
120
140
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
180
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
160
180
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

500
160
450
140
400
Industry
2008
Other use
350
120
300
100
250
80
200
60
150
40
100
20
50
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
POLAND
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
132.68
106.71
15.26
8.94
1.81
0.18
-0.22
-
180.89
142.57
23.79
12.53
1.74
0.29
-0.03
-
147.29
112.67
18.62
12.77
3.18
0.17
-0.13
-
127.31
80.43
27.36
14.22
5.81
0.26
0.00
0.00
-0.78
-
138.56
79.62
33.84
17.68
7.72
0.29
0.01
0.06
-0.66
-
139.83
78.21
35.05
17.92
8.42
0.26
0.02
0.10
-0.15
-
133.66
73.34
34.08
17.53
8.53
0.30
0.02
0.14
-0.27
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.62
0.32
1.18
2.12
3.37
-0.16
-3.02
-
-0.29
-2.01
3.58
1.90
5.55
2.35
0.90
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
103
1.29
33.4
3.98
173.6
221.0
98.4
84
..
e
e
e
e
e
1980
119
1.52
35.6
5.08
204.5
255.2
124.1
121
..
e
e
e
e
e
1990
118
1.25
38.0
3.87
167.7
203.0
141.4
134
61.6
2000
171
0.74
38.3
3.33
100.0
100.0
100.0
143
100.0
2007
226
0.61
38.1
3.64
82.4
75.0
87.9
159
159.5
2008
237
0.59
38.1
3.67
79.2
70.1
86.2
156
163.8
2009e
245
0.55
38.1
3.51
73.4
63.7
..
151
157.6
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.82
3.95
-0.20
-4.08
0.77
0.01
-0.15
-0.30
-0.20
-4.08
-0.50
-5.73
2.16
-2.71
2.81
0.82
5.58
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
41.12
125.04
11.03
-
31.71
130.32
9.90
-
28.99
93.12
19.27
-
17.24
67.30
17.32
-
13.72
58.50
17.05
-
12.13
56.71
18.18
-
8.61
54.49
17.40
-
-2.87
-2.43
4.76
-
-4.73
-2.72
-0.32
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
40.85
151.78
41.01
-
31.50
161.63
36.87
-
28.79
118.94
67.58
-
17.22
86.11
59.48
-
13.64
74.68
57.54
-
12.02
72.32
59.67
-
8.54
69.50
57.11
-
-2.87
-2.01
4.25
-
-4.74
-2.73
-0.69
-

POLAND
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
86.50
39.99
12.80
7.78
1.16
7.16
17.62
111.44
44.66
18.58
10.94
1.09
10.45
25.73
88.33
24.84
15.82
11.28
2.33
11.82
22.23
83.16
19.00
25.01
11.64
5.55
0.00
12.12
9.84
92.40
17.53
29.92
14.35
6.69
0.02
0.00
13.65
10.25
92.99
16.80
31.22
14.36
6.60
0.01
0.00
14.07
9.92
93.60
17.15
31.42
14.58
6.83
0.02
0.00
14.48
9.12
0.12
-2.76
1.25
2.21
4.19
3.00
1.38
0.32
-2.04
3.89
1.43
6.16
1.13
-4.83
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
37.49
13.46
2.08
5.18
0.24
4.68
11.85
46.00
14.24
2.95
6.12
0.44
6.40
15.85
33.23
9.55
1.34
3.77
0.97
5.25
12.34
25.05
10.76
2.60
3.24
1.41
4.97
2.07
23.22
6.57
2.21
4.20
2.13
5.26
2.85
23.89
6.88
2.01
4.40
2.12
5.63
2.85
22.18
6.53
1.83
4.33
1.80
5.44
2.25
-0.71
-2.00
-2.53
-1.85
8.70
0.68
0.24
-2.22
-2.09
1.72
0.78
3.48
0.19
-9.02
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
12.81
5.23
7.16
-
13.11
2.57
9.94
-
10.38
0.25
9.46
-
13.59
12.93
0.09
19.11
18.07
0.46
21.02
19.99
0.43
22.39
20.84
0.48
-1.23
-16.42
1.65
-
4.36
4.49
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.43
19.71
13.14 e
0.17
0.88
0.59
28.81
17.58 e
0.25
2.06
0.67
25.73
9.46 e
0.06
4.27
0.57
24.55
6.10
1.27
4.36
0.14
0.44
27.67
8.26
1.36
4.73
0.15
0.45
26.27
7.50
1.38
4.53
0.63
0.44
26.42
7.98
1.14
4.49
2.74
1.58
-1.91
-6.21
9.73
-2.37
0.15
-0.94
18.00
0.27
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.81
0.67
4.03
7.90
6.00 e
0.22
0.56
1.32
7.05
10.93
7.96 e
0.49
1.17
2.48
8.28
8.01
4.00 e
0.48
3.24
0.00
2.58
6.99
7.09
0.75
0.56
1.32
3.56
0.01
3.25
6.48
9.79
1.10
0.97
2.15
3.48
0.01
3.24
6.14
9.62
0.95
0.80
2.21
3.50
0.01
3.33
5.97
10.44
1.03
0.80
2.41
2.16
7.98
4.33
0.08
-2.35
4.78
6.26
1.64
-1.80
1.48
-7.24
9.37
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.09
0.88
0.71
4.60
1.03
2.10
1.47
0.03
2.37
1.13
6.02
0.27
3.01
2.74
0.32
0.00
3.41
0.74
6.22
0.11
3.49
2.62
0.17
0.00
0.00
4.51
0.89
7.18
0.03
4.39
2.76
0.20
0.00
0.00
4.57
0.89
7.19
0.08
4.37
2.74
0.25
0.00
0.00
5.07
0.87
7.02
0.07
4.14
2.81
-6.26
6.01
2.76
1.60
-7.66
2.14
3.75
12.56
4.32
-1.45
0.86
-6.84
1.79
0.13
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
0.06
1.18
1.24
6.50
0.60
3.64
2.26
POLAND
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
143.9
1.2
-38.5
0.2
171.9
1.0
-30.4
0.0
141.4
0.6
-29.3
0.0
101.9
1.5
-24.8
1.9
89.3
5.5
-17.7
2.5
87.0
9.3
-14.4
-3.7
80.5
9.3
-13.0
-3.4
-0.1
-4.2
-1.6
x
-2.7
16.9
-3.9
x
Primary supply
106.7
142.6
112.7
80.4
79.6
78.2
73.3
0.3
-2.0
-4.7
-9.7
-5.6
0.5
-0.8
-1.8
..
-59.2 e
-85.4 e
-80.2 e
-59.5
-59.4 e
-57.3 e
..
1.8
-1.9

-52.9 e
-36.7 e
-16.2 e
-77.0
-53.6
-23.4
-74.9
-56.3
-18.6
-56.2
-53.4
-2.8
-57.0
-54.5
-2.4
-54.9
-53.4
-1.6
..
..
..
2.1
2.5
0.8
-1.7
-0.3
-12.9
Gas works
-2.0 e
-1.7
-0.4
-4.3 e
0.0
-3.2 e
-1.2
0.1
-6.8 e
0.0
-4.2 e
-2.7
0.1
-4.9 e
0.0
-2.9 e
-2.0
0.0
Autoproducers
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-3.3
0.0
-1.9
-1.4
-
..
-9.7
-2.4 e
-1.8 e
-0.7
-
-2.3 e
-1.5 e
-0.9
-
..
..
..
..
..
0.8
-2.9
-0.5
2.9
-23.8
-4.0
-3.8
-4.5
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-2.8 e
-2.7
-2.0
-2.4
-2.5
-1.9
..
-2.1
-0.1
Losses
-0.0 e
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
..
40.0
44.7
24.8
19.0
16.8
17.1
..
-2.8
-2.0
13.5
2.6 e
0.7
5.2
0.1
14.2
3.4 e
0.7
4.9
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-2.0
0.6
-3.7
-3.2
-1.0
-2.1
-4.2
8.8
-4.1
8.6
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
9.6
2.9 e
0.4
3.0
0.1
10.8
3.1
1.8
2.1
0.5
6.9
1.7 e
1.1
1.7
0.3
6.5
1.3 e
1.7
1.4
0.3
5.2
2.6
0.2
..
-16.4
20.3
6.0 e
13.1 e
27.3
8.0 e
17.6 e
14.8
4.0 e
9.5 e
8.1
0.7
6.1
9.8
0.9
7.5
10.5
1.0
8.0
..
..
..
-1.8
-2.4
-1.9
-1.9
-7.2
-0.9
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
..
-7.7
-6.8
POLAND
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
127.71
84.76
57.61
27.15
1.64
1.49
9.35
0.11
0.36
5.05
0.08
3.76
25.23
0.04
102.10
77.55
55.18
22.38
0.08
0.38
6.74
0.05
0.32
3.19
0.07
3.11
14.60
0.01
70.04
51.63
48.60
3.03
9.70
0.79
2.17
2.30
0.68
3.76
8.10
0.01
69.28
50.82
47.98
2.84
5.61
0.26
1.23
1.28
0.55
2.29
8.99
0.09
73.15
53.03
50.09
2.95
5.44
0.36
1.18
1.34
0.49
2.08
10.12
0.02
71.69
52.83
50.51
2.31
5.74
0.32
1.21
1.84
0.40
1.98
9.61
0.09
69.66
48.79
47.48
1.31
5.96
0.19
2.03
1.61
0.35
1.79
10.10
0.09
-1.85
-0.74
-0.36
-1.60
-22.50
-10.73
-2.69
-6.00
-0.96
-3.75
-1.35
-1.55
-4.46
-7.78
-2.10
-2.54
-0.83
-14.59
-0.68
7.67
10.85
-3.72
9.44
-3.04
-2.02
11.09
25.85
..
..
..
25.30
1.17
..
..
..
..
-
18.13
..
..
..
18.21
0.16
..
..
..
..
-
13.33
0.05
0.00
0.05
12.26
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
-
11.16
0.08
0.08
11.24
-
12.98
0.08
0.08
12.80
-
13.64
0.12
0.12
13.53
0.04
0.00
0.04
0.00
13.01
0.14
0.03
0.11
13.09
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.00
-
-2.91
-2.70
-15.08
-
-1.82
-1.82
-
37.71
36.91
36.45
0.46
0.26
0.01
0.08
0.00
0.02
0.06
-
67.39
66.92
66.46
0.46
0.23
0.02
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.00
59.49
59.11
59.10
0.01
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.14
-
61.59
61.08
61.07
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.23
-
60.80
60.23
60.23
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.25
-
57.53
56.90
56.90
0.00
0.23
-
59.65
58.65
58.65
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.25
0.00
4.96
5.08
5.13
-0.05
-0.87
10.42
-4.76
2.43
0.54
-7.48
-
-0.68
-0.73
-0.69
-9.04
-4.49
-16.19
7.96
-

POLAND
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
3.31
..
..
17.03
61.62
..
38.86
80.55
..
65.19
181.87
..
69.75
220.42
..
79.21
253.10
..
110.19
347.98
..
112.62
254.60
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.19
..
..
61.62
..
63.43
48.83
39.10
80.60
..
103.47
71.39
114.57
181.87
213.05
174.75
81.68
94.24
220.42
263.98
228.85
96.83
111.17
253.10
305.95
291.69
135.19
221.50
347.98
453.21
413.56
119.04
125.60
254.60
330.66
336.54
For industry
(1 000 Polish zlotys / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
..
..
0.000
..
..
0.011
0.082
..
0.123
0.490
..
0.154
0.823
..
0.160
0.957
..
0.160
0.979
..
0.191
1.173
..
0.253
1.111
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.000
..
..
0.082
..
0.077
0.167
0.170
0.490
..
0.578
0.198
0.373
0.823
0.964
0.727
0.202
0.295
0.957
1.146
0.913
0.216
0.309
0.979
1.184
1.037
0.254
0.539
1.173
1.528
1.281
0.289
0.396
1.111
1.443
1.350
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
1.17
1.17
..
..
-
1.01
1.01
1.01
-
0.56
0.56
0.56
-
1.46
1.44
1.27
0.17
0.02
3.08
2.92
0.62
2.31
0.15
4.80
4.65
1.44
3.22
0.00
0.15
5.51
5.35
2.29
3.06
0.00
0.16
9.28
9.17
3.53
5.63
0.01
0.11
9.28
9.21
2.23
6.98
0.01
0.07
38.55
34.32
..
..
1.37
2.85
30.38
28.28
7.31
20.97
0.42
1.67
29.30
25.75
11.34
14.41
0.06
3.49
24.75
21.23
5.33
15.89
0.00
3.53
21.63
16.78
3.19
13.60
0.00
4.85
22.35
15.85
3.65
12.20
6.50
17.68
11.18
2.39
8.79
6.50
14.38
8.12
1.70
6.42
0.00
6.26
13.04
8.04
1.74
6.29
0.02
4.98
POLAND
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
1044
1052
560
1497
1452
5271
5924
10331
10669
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
1044
-
1052
-
560
-
1433
1301
2
-
1263
500
1
1422
1419
-
2268
1922
302
-
3500
63
1613
1648
-
2208
65
1020
963
-
1044
1052
560
130
-
736
26
-
3
-
40
4
-
146
30
-
58
98
4
-
64
26
-
189
11
94
6
1
2
3849
151
1
-
3656
139
8
2
6831
191
5
5
54
315
8461
630
5
1
11
5
27
6
4
7
13
51
-
10
80
3327
280
-
12
135
3042
318
-
9
359
167
5009
717
-
5
197
3
6974
635
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

POLAND
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
16042
14450
11226
12296
5290
3601
2363
1683
1725
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
6619
..
470
392
..
..
..
..
1311
..
54
..
..
..
1525
429
..
..
..
376
..
125
..
122
..
1369
71
..
..
375
..
5025
..
784
540
..
..
..
..
185
82
..
..
..
..
839
..
..
..
..
315
..
134
..
125
..
637
224
..
..
1160
..
2570
..
566
105
..
..
..
203
254
116
..
..
..
2
158
..
..
..
..
98
..
..
..
40
..
234
..
..
..
794
..
6200
1
247
78
871
9
534
633
303
437
3
17
10
757
156
110
1063
58
310
2
178
421
2
3649
599
214
717
72
131
266
323
53
669
7
494
100
4
-
3197
607
944
71
168
154
94
30
914
142
73
-
2363
608
1024
19
16
117
106
448
25
-
1651
411
941
96
203
-
1682
334
625
32
14
23
284
68
302
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
1472
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1472
3797
861
..
..
..
..
..
..
861
..
..
2075
4576
1249
..
..
284
..
100
..
1249
..
..
1694
6096
790
48
156
5102
1641
143
529
62
2
2
903
404
70
298
36
32
32
43
43
7951
5628
4080
Total Exports

Non-Specified/Other

POLAND
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
24064
21674
16839
19572
17955
13134
9537
6778
6648
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
16188
..
260
105
..
274
3078
4089
3441
2041
..
..
331
1437
..
..
..
264
..
..
..
174
8
..
41
645
15271
..
949
59
..
1378
2056
2407
883
2709
..
..
..
735
1150
..
..
..
..
949
..
..
43
..
379
1292
24
..
258
..
13038
..
1202
242
..
2282
972
2609
141
2583
..
..
..
458
507
..
..
..
..
1043
..
..
..
..
16
732
1
..
250
..
14567
591
306
1874
3161
2556
95
2649
315
308
285
408
35
146
226
768
843
1
17117
1213
375
863
2214
1175
1336
6396
1
279
196
913
208
88
5
286
382
146
1040
1
13091
1293
291
945
516
513
692
6298
216
19
235
155
218
160
1
204
37
283
1015
-
9264
1230
1372
353
273
321
4328
143
255
6
70
134
169
39
294
277
-
6742
972
1
934
151
88
3655
116
266
2
124
151
26
59
197
-
6629
878
79
827
91
210
358
2642
54
240
165
66
2
200
5
59
176
577
-
29
..
..
..
..
..
..
29
..
..
..
..
23
..
..
..
..
..
23
..
..
..
..
34
..
..
..
16
18
..
..
..
..
4976
37
4939
838
1
16
3
818
43
43
273
247
26
36
5
31
19
19
7847
6380
3767
29
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

PORTUGAL*

40
600
35
500
30
400
25
20
300
15
200
10
100
0
1971
1976
Coal
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
60
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

70
Industry
2008
Other use
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
PORTUGAL
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
9.85
0.72
7.32
0.91
0.90
-0.00
-
14.27
0.61
11.42
1.03
0.98
0.00
0.22
-
23.91
3.94
15.29
3.54
1.13
0.00
0.02
0.00
-
35.25
5.44
21.30
2.90
3.96
1.39
0.10
0.05
0.11
-
35.81
4.12
18.77
5.44
4.51
1.24
0.28
0.54
0.92
-
34.51
3.61
17.50
5.91
4.47
0.84
0.26
0.76
1.16
-
34.07
4.05
16.18
6.02
4.98
1.01
0.24
1.00
0.59
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
5.35
10.47
4.43
8.30
1.32
-
2.06
-0.48
0.76
1.31
-1.64
25.29
23.93
36.05
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
50
0.20
8.7
1.13
63.5
30.3
48.4
10
39.7
1980
62
0.23
9.9
1.45
74.1
20.4
68.4
15
54.7
1990
85
0.28
10.0
2.39
90.2
96.3
81.6
28
87.1
2000
113
0.31
10.2
3.45
100.0
100.0
100.0
43
100.0
2007
122
0.29
10.6
3.38
94.2
70.3
118.4
47
96.2
2008
121
0.28
10.6
3.25
90.8
61.6
116.9
45
92.3
2009e
120
0.28
10.6
3.21
90.6
69.8
..
49
84.6
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.20
2.02
2.09
0.04
0.81
0.34
4.51
1.71
2.09
0.04
7.05
-2.45
3.12
2.02
6.45
2.66
4.73
0.32
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.11
-
0.10
-
0.16
-
3.78
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.18
-
0.18
-
0.28
-
3.78
-

PORTUGAL
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
8.19
0.27
6.02
0.07
0.83
1.00
-
11.30
0.29
8.24
0.07
0.91
1.76
0.03
19.07
0.85
11.87
0.07
3.32
0.02
2.89
0.04
27.77
0.62
17.58
1.19
3.45
0.00
0.03
4.71
0.19
28.10
0.04
16.06
1.91
3.70
0.01
0.03
5.87
0.47
28.72
0.24
16.02
2.06
3.85
0.01
0.04
6.02
0.48
27.53
0.10
15.08
2.06
3.84
0.01
0.04
5.94
0.45
5.09
6.88
4.08
0.46
8.52
6.42
-
2.06
-11.12
1.34
20.26
0.80
5.81
4.08
14.34
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
3.32
0.20
2.03
0.00
0.46
0.63
-
4.76
0.28
3.00
0.00
0.44
1.01
0.03
6.65
0.85
2.58
1.68
1.50
0.04
8.89
0.62
3.38
0.94
1.81
1.96
0.18
8.03
0.04
2.05
1.38
1.94
2.17
0.45
8.26
0.24
1.87
1.48
2.00
2.21
0.46
7.91
0.10
1.76
1.45
1.99
2.16
0.43
4.17
8.98
1.40
7.97
5.26
-
0.97
-11.11
-2.09
0.95
2.05
14.07
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.28
0.03
2.23
-
3.23
0.00
3.20
-
4.63
4.60
-
8.53
8.49
0.00
9.13
8.96
0.01
9.09
8.82
0.02
9.07
8.81
0.02
4.26
4.35
-
3.80
3.68
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.03
1.15
0.05
0.50
0.03
0.03
1.47
0.00
0.56
0.03
0.04
3.26
0.00
0.83
0.06
0.04
4.01
0.97
0.14
0.10
0.06
4.57
0.95
0.29
0.19
0.06
4.59
0.89
0.31
0.18
0.06
4.46
0.79
0.33
2.09
6.30
-21.02
3.08
3.75
2.71
1.75
-0.28
10.00
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.37
0.21
0.36
0.20
0.02
0.47
0.40
0.62
0.01
0.29
0.01
1.64
0.01
0.73
0.86
0.00
0.24
0.02
1.64
0.02
1.24
0.01
1.99
0.48
0.10
1.66
0.02
1.65
0.01
3.09
0.96
0.22
1.66
0.02
1.70
0.01
3.15
0.95
0.24
1.66
0.03
1.65
0.01
2.79
0.55
0.26
9.13
7.73
5.26
0.95
-0.70
0.05
9.39
4.66
6.77
4.78
16.89
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.14
0.54
0.54
-
0.31
0.74
0.74
-
0.01
0.59
3.01
3.01
-
0.00
0.01
1.39
0.00
3.33
3.33
-
0.01
0.01
1.87
0.01
2.81
2.81
-
0.01
0.01
1.92
0.01
3.26
3.26
-
0.01
0.02
1.94
0.01
2.77
2.77
-
8.92
10.64
10.64
-
2.81
6.80
-0.44
-0.44
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
PORTUGAL
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
0.2
0.4
-0.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
4.3
-0.0
-0.5
5.7
-0.1
-0.2
4.2
-0.0
-0.0
3.3
-0.0
0.3
4.4
-0.1
-0.3
-0.8
14.9
-2.2
x
-1.4
7.0
x
Primary supply
0.7
0.6
3.9
5.4
4.1
3.6
4.1
10.5
-0.5
0.1
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
-0.5 e
-0.3 e
-3.0 e
-4.8 e
-3.9
-3.5
..
11.7
0.8

-0.3
-0.3
-
-0.1
-0.1
-0.0
-2.9
-2.9
-0.0
-4.6
-4.6
-0.1
-3.9
-3.9
-
-3.5
-3.5
-
..
..
..
14.1
14.1
-
1.0
1.0
-
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
-0.2 e
-0.1 e
-0.0
0.0
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.0
-
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.0
-
-0.1 e
-0.1 e
-0.0
-
..
..
..
..
..
-1.5
-2.3
-0.1
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
0.5
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.1
..
6.9
-11.1
Iron and steel

Chemical
0.2
0.1 e
0.0
-
0.3
0.2 e
0.0
0.0
-
0.8
0.1 e
0.0
0.7
-
0.6
0.1 e
0.0
0.4
-
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
-
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
9.0
0.9
26.6
-
-11.1
-12.4
2.0
-12.0
-
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
..
Other(7)
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-17.7
-21.0
..
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
PORTUGAL
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
0.21
0.17
0.17
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.03
-
4.08
3.26
3.26
0.82
0.01
0.81
0.00
0.00
-
5.66
5.17
5.17
0.48
0.48
-
5.48
5.44
5.44
0.02
0.02
-
5.47
5.42
5.42
0.04
0.02
0.01
-
4.74
4.44
4.44
0.28
0.01
0.02
0.25
0.00
-
4.16
4.03
4.03
0.11
0.01
0.02
0.08
-
28.21
27.90
27.90
29.73
6.99
32.70
-
0.10
1.19
1.19
-10.59
3.93
-12.04
-
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.06
0.06
0.01
-
0.31
0.31
-
0.50
0.49
-
-2.48
-0.59
-

PORTUGAL
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
31.26
48.18
x
44.39
94.94
x
58.90
76.31
x
34.67
108.41
..
77.51
158.83
226.98
66.84
226.75
276.16
87.61
256.80
288.89
162.01
348.80
403.88
93.32
245.27
295.07
..
175.90
54.80
..
x
..
243.16
102.26
..
x
..
52.51
131.62
..
x
37.98
31.67
161.36
170.14
..
..
..
x
282.61
264.71
..
..
x
353.37
310.31
..
..
x
383.58
333.49
..
..
x
514.53
426.16
..
..
x
408.23
376.54
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
5.97
14.47
x
9.64
32.42
x
36.47
74.30
x
32.81
161.32
..
54.42
175.35
234.93
46.46
247.84
282.98
55.78
257.09
271.14
96.65
327.20
355.18
58.58
242.12
273.07
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
38.51
16.46
..
x
..
60.53
34.92
..
x
..
37.27
128.16
..
x
35.94
34.35
240.10
253.17
..
..
..
x
312.00
273.98
..
..
x
386.25
317.98
..
..
x
384.02
313.01
..
..
x
482.66
374.78
..
..
x
402.99
348.47
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.41
0.37
..
..
0.04
0.50
0.40
0.39
0.01
0.10
4.28
4.27
0.38
3.89
0.01
5.67
5.67
0.49
5.18
-
4.61
4.60
4.60
0.01
5.00
5.00
5.00
-
4.16
4.16
4.16
0.00
3.32
3.32
3.32
0.00
4.39
4.39
4.39
0.00
0.02
..
..
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
-
0.04
0.04
0.04
-
0.06
0.06
0.06
-
PORTUGAL
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
412
1395
4669
6003
6367
5782
4782
3829
5061
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
404
8
122
3
257
-
356
125
231
-
377
162
40
20
155
-
540
191
212
110
27
-
487
289
198
-
14
8
3
-
1039
34
2
43
111
669
68
4292
177
1555
4
5463
265
1431
-
5880
343
19
5782
202
160
4782
389
223
3829
3
273
228
5061
1064
240
5
-
104
7
1
390
2112
54
-
727
2654
80
306
-
2846
156
2426
90
-
3239
473
1681
22
5
-
2403
60
1551
126
30
-
1873
154
1242
21
35
-
1894
1654
73
26
110
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

PORTUGAL
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
75.65
55.35
46.39
241.41
231.71
105.53
360.89
..
..
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
73.86
..
57.60
63.00
..
..
..
..
51.91
56.95
..
57.64
..
..
..
..
..
..
42.28
..
..
50.09
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal(3)
54.62
44.77
29.35
59.36
64.49
58.25
77.76
139.87
80.41
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
59.44
..
54.07
49.05
45.19
44.95
..
..
39.36
47.42
..
42.91
44.07
42.86
..
..
..
47.92
37.75
..
26.97
29.80
40.29
60.28
..
..
..
60.84
..
63.88
55.05
..
..
..
..
61.53
62.53
..
64.93
63.24
..
..
..
..
..
68.83
..
58.48
56.56
..
..
..
..
..
91.17
..
76.29
76.81
..
..
..
..
..
98.21
..
134.97
157.27
..
..
..
..
..
85.92
..
75.73
80.98
69.63
SLOVAK REPUBLIC*

35
120
30
100
25
80
20
60
15
40
10
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
14
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
12
12
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
35
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
14
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

30
60
Industry
2008
Other use
50
25
40
20
30
15
20
10
10
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
22.17
11.37
7.70
2.23
0.27
0.09
0.16
0.35
-
28.36
11.71
10.71
3.31
0.26
1.68
0.28
0.41
-
30.47
11.19
6.42
7.27
0.25
4.48
0.23
0.64
-
25.35
6.10
4.03
8.25
0.59
6.14
0.57
-0.33
-
25.50
5.72
5.06
7.27
0.90
5.78
0.55
0.01
0.00
0.21
0.00
26.15
5.73
5.21
7.38
0.98
6.29
0.50
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.00
24.36
5.40
4.82
7.22
0.86
5.34
0.55
0.02
0.00
0.16
0.00
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.89
-0.10
-1.07
7.20
-0.47
26.15
2.09
3.62
-
-0.85
-3.65
-1.15
0.08
7.90
1.90
4.34
-11.99
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
14
1.61
4.6
4.78
129.5
276.1
82.8
12
..
e
e
e
e
e
1980
16
1.74
5.0
5.69
139.7
239.6
107.9
20
..
e
e
e
e
e
1990
19
1.61
5.3
5.75
129.6
197.7
114.7
25
112.2
e
e
e
e
e
2000
20
1.24
5.4
4.69
100.0
100.0
100.0
31
100.0
2007
31
0.82
5.4
4.72
66.0
61.5
73.2
28
168.8
2008
33
0.79
5.4
4.84
63.7
58.0
69.5
29
177.1
2009e
32
0.77
5.4
4.51
61.9
57.0
..
26
153.8
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.89
3.14
0.00
-3.87
0.78
0.11
1.10
-0.96
0.00
-3.87
-1.95
-6.59
1.93
-2.74
4.38
0.67
2.57
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
2.43
-
2.42
-
2.00
-
1.45
-
0.79
-
0.89
-
0.95
-
-1.62
-
-4.38
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
5.80
-
5.80
-
4.77
-
3.65
-
2.11
-
2.42
-
2.57
-
-1.63
-
-3.69
-

SLOVAK REPUBLIC
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
15.51
5.49
5.47
2.01
0.27
1.51
0.75
18.61
5.84
7.20
2.33
0.26
2.34
0.64
22.50
5.88
6.99
5.59
0.25
2.88
0.93
16.32
2.02
4.30
5.95
0.46
2.70
0.88
16.27
1.69
4.30
5.71
0.48
0.00
0.00
2.91
1.18
16.47
1.76
4.50
5.46
0.68
0.00
0.00
3.02
1.06
16.87
1.87
4.64
5.58
0.71
0.00
0.00
3.04
1.02
2.21
0.40
1.44
6.22
-0.47
3.85
1.22
-1.59
-6.15
-2.24
-0.01
6.01
0.31
0.54
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
8.06
3.80
2.07
0.88
0.27
1.02
0.03
9.06
2.50
4.03
0.65
0.26
1.58
0.02
8.69
2.71
1.96
1.90
0.25
1.84
0.03
5.19
1.60
0.31
1.60
0.46
1.20
0.03
5.09
1.45
0.36
1.36
0.37
1.46
0.09
5.23
1.40
0.36
1.40
0.49
1.50
0.09
5.21
1.38
0.38
1.35
0.45
1.54
0.10
0.45
-1.96
-0.31
4.67
-0.47
3.53
-0.84
-2.80
-3.67
-8.70
-1.89
3.41
-0.98
7.91
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
2.39
2.32
-
2.15
1.73
0.30
2.07
1.92
-
2.05
1.93
-
3.15
2.42
0.59
3.46
2.60
0.65
3.78
2.75
0.78
-0.86
-1.09
-
3.41
2.00
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.08
1.03
0.02
0.30
0.12
1.64
0.29
0.03
0.59
0.14
3.21
0.62
0.05
1.56
0.12
3.69
0.08
0.02
2.35
0.06
0.07
3.30
0.07
0.02
1.83
0.13
0.07
2.97
0.06
0.02
1.59
0.18
0.07
3.04
0.09
0.03
1.69
3.65
6.89
4.98
10.10
-4.08
-0.29
-10.20
-3.78
0.45
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.19
0.52
0.77
0.47
0.29
0.44
3.95
2.65
0.41
0.54
0.45
0.53
5.22
2.36
0.34
1.90
0.00 e
0.67
0.58 e
3.14
0.27
0.02
1.94
0.04
0.56
0.78
2.68
0.11
0.06
1.42
0.06
0.57
0.69
2.67
0.22
0.01
1.32
0.05
0.56
0.63
2.77
0.33
0.01
1.30
5.24
0.07
11.89
8.53
1.17
1.04
-3.46
-10.42
-18.28
-2.09
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.13
0.17
0.70
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.15
0.36
0.05
0.11
0.20
0.30
0.33
2.29
0.05
2.25
-
0.00
0.65
0.26 e
1.95
0.05
1.90
-
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.77
0.31
1.85
0.06
1.33
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.28
1.94
0.07
1.40
0.47
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.83
0.28
1.86
0.07
1.38
0.42
5.04
3.86
7.20
10.64
-
5.92
-0.91
-1.14
2.51
-2.69
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
2.4
8.9
-
2.4
9.0
-0.1
0.3
2.0
8.9
-0.1
0.5
1.5
5.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.8
5.7
-0.2
-0.5
0.9
5.2
-0.2
-0.1
0.9
4.7
-0.2
0.0
-1.1
-0.0
x
-4.4
-3.0
3.3
x
Primary supply
11.4
11.7
11.2
6.1
5.7
5.7
5.4
-0.1
-3.7
-1.9
-0.1
-0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.1
..
-4.0 e
-5.1 e
-4.6 e
-3.6 e
-3.3
-3.2
..
0.8
-2.0

-2.7
-2.7
-
-4.1
-3.5
-0.6
-3.3
-2.9
-0.5
-2.4
-2.1
-0.3
-2.2
-2.0
-0.2
-2.1
-1.9
-0.2
..
..
..
1.2
0.3
-
-2.5
-2.3
-3.6
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
-1.3 e
-0.6 e
-0.7
-
-1.0 e
-0.9 e
-0.1
-
-1.3 e
-1.2 e
-0.1
-
-1.2 e
-1.0 e
-0.2
-
..
-1.1
-1.1
-0.0
-
-1.1
-1.0
-0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
4.4
-11.8
-
-0.9
-1.3
3.0
-
..
-0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-0.6
-0.5
..
-1.3
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.1
-0.0
..
5.5
5.8
5.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
..
0.4
-6.2
3.8
1.5 e
-
2.5
1.0 e
0.3
0.2
0.2
2.7
1.4 e
0.3
0.2
0.2
1.6
1.0 e
0.1
0.2
0.2
1.4
1.1
0.2
0.1
1.4
1.0
0.2
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-2.0
-0.4
-
-3.7
-1.9
1.0
-3.1
..
1.7
-
3.3
2.7
0.3
3.1
2.4
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
..
..
..
3.6
-
-10.6
-10.4
-10.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
..
2.5
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
3.97
2.21
2.21
1.24
1.24
-
2.74
1.98
1.68
0.30
- e
0.65
0.39 e
0.01
0.12
0.03
0.10 e
0.10
-
2.06
1.33
1.12
0.21
- e
0.68
0.36 e
0.20
0.11
0.01 e
0.05
-
2.25
1.54
1.33
0.21
- e
0.70
0.46 e
0.17
0.06
0.01 e
0.00
-
2.30
1.54
1.36
0.18
0.70
0.48
0.16
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.01
2.17
1.29
1.13
0.16
0.67
0.42
0.18
0.06
0.01
0.20
0.02
2.03
1.08
0.93
0.15
0.61
0.37
0.19
0.05
0.01
0.32
0.02
-3.04
-0.91
-2.25
-5.27
-19.12
-
-1.65
-3.29
-3.23
-3.60
-0.30
-0.31
2.45
2.99
-15.19
6.75
-
2.18
2.15
0.03
0.03
-
3.14
2.92
0.18 e
0.04
0.04 e
- e
-
2.60
2.21
0.35 e
0.04
0.04 e
- e
-
2.74
2.35
0.38 e
0.01
0.01 e
- e
-
2.85
2.38
0.47
-
2.85
2.39
0.47
-
2.62
2.21
0.41
-
3.08
2.56
3.54
-
-1.00
-1.53
4.69
-
4.21
3.03
2.89
0.14
0.60
0.01
0.30
0.01
0.17
0.11
0.54
-
3.31
2.86
2.83
0.03
0.20
0.00
0.05
0.13
0.02
0.23
-
3.17
2.66
2.63
0.03
0.20
0.02
0.00
0.16
0.01
0.30
-
2.94
2.52
2.51
0.02
0.15
0.14
0.01
0.26
-
3.37
2.85
2.83
0.02
0.23
0.06
0.17
0.00
0.28
-
-0.57
-0.52
-1.23
-3.77
-9.77
-
-7.01
-1.49
-1.06
-13.23
-12.19
-2.82
-4.62
-26.85
-15.61
-
13.36
3.98
3.98
3.82
3.82
-
12.48
3.74
3.43
0.31
2.41
0.19
0.61
0.09
0.41
1.11
5.99
-

SLOVAK REPUBLIC
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
4.30
51.12
44.83
4.81
51.55
53.16
8.61
88.03
77.00
..
..
78.88
..
x
223.61
..
x
294.77
..
x
326.90
..
x
484.32
..
x
396.92
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
7.88
27.50
51.12
x
44.83
8.51
28.29
51.55
x
53.16
15.25
56.55
88.03
x
77.00
..
..
..
..
78.88
..
..
x
162.63
223.61
..
..
x
217.62
294.77
..
..
x
244.49
326.90
..
..
x
366.24
484.32
..
..
x
235.31
396.92
For industry
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1.79
33.86
27.55
1.99
33.86
32.40
4.48
72.70
59.00
..
..
155.67
..
x
296.12
..
x
372.92
..
x
344.22
..
x
441.50
..
x
367.34
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
3.29
13.18
33.86
x
27.55
3.52
13.44
33.86
x
32.40
7.93
33.79
72.70
x
59.00
..
..
..
..
155.67
..
..
x
232.09
296.12
..
..
x
296.70
372.92
..
..
x
277.44
344.22
..
..
x
359.78
441.50
..
..
x
234.68
367.34
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
8.95
4.76
..
..
2.91
1.28
9.03
4.42
2.22
2.20
4.22
0.39
8.87
5.31
2.99
2.33
2.96
0.60
4.95
4.50
2.58
1.92
0.31
0.14
5.56
4.97
2.74
2.23
0.33
0.26
5.36
4.45
2.84
1.61
0.41
0.50
5.68
4.83
2.72
2.11
0.41
0.44
5.16
4.26
2.52
1.74
0.50
0.40
4.67
4.03
2.28
1.75
0.38
0.26
..
..
-
0.07
0.06
0.01
0.13
0.13
-
0.06
0.00
0.06
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.24
0.24
0.22
0.22
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
6151
5474
5866
4932
4851
4665
5286
4600
4359
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
2180
-
2783
-
3132
-
2746
1683 e
1063 e
-
2596
901 e
669 e
-
2847
1782
797
206
-
2852
231
1444
364
306
-
2643
64
1473
203
427
-
2389
60
1392
349
375
-
2180
2783
3132
1026 e
-
55
7
-
43
464
13
463
45
168
3971
-
2691
-
2734
-
2186
547 e
226 e
-
2255
931 e
286 e
-
1818
78
229
1
-
2434
214
262
-
1957
279
147
-
1970
341
115
-
3971
2691
2734
1413 e
-
579 e
459 e
-
16
1300
47
147
1820
12
126
1434
18
79
1464
27
23

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

SPAIN*

250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
1971
1976
Coal
35
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
350
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
35
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

400
Industry
2008
Other use
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
SPAIN
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
73.72
12.90
53.72
1.35
0.02
2.44
3.55
-0.25
-
96.71
17.75
71.11
2.08
0.38
1.93
3.63
-0.17
-
128.70
27.56
64.96
7.10
5.81
20.20
3.12
0.00
-0.05
-
2000
174.21
29.88
88.72
21.74
5.90
23.16
3.63 e
0.01
0.63
0.55
-
2007
2008
2009e
205.53
28.58
97.06
45.39
7.75
20.51
3.35
0.01
3.58
-0.71
-
198.28
19.25
92.93
49.86
8.28
21.96
2.89
0.01
4.46
-1.36
-
183.13
15.71
86.84
44.61
8.62
19.63
3.22
0.01
5.48
-1.00
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
3.33
4.57
1.12
10.27
40.22
13.25
-0.76
-8.81
-
2.43
-1.97
2.01
11.44
1.99
0.46
-0.43
51.72
19.91
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
282
0.26
35.0
2.11
87.2
88.9
64.5
76
56.9
1980
330
0.29
37.7
2.57
97.7
104.6
83.8
109
67.1
1990
441
0.29
39.0
3.30
97.3
121.5
88.0
151
80.9
2000
581
0.30
40.3
4.33
100.0
100.0
100.0
222
100.0
2007
735
0.28
44.9
4.58
93.3
75.6
110.0
302
108.4
2008
741
0.27
45.6
4.35
89.2
50.5
110.4
311
100.6
2009e
722
0.25
46.1
3.97
84.5
42.3
..
291
84.7
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.66
2.93
0.65
-0.48
0.65
0.87
2.67
1.55
0.65
-0.48
1.86
-4.76
1.84
1.27
4.15
4.09
2.10
1.22
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
1.87
6.71
2.53
-
1.38
8.05
4.60
-
0.28
10.30
6.20
-
7.73
3.65
-
5.11
2.68
-
4.71
1.28
-
4.45
1.11
-
-14.69
3.64
7.76
-
-4.25
-8.39
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
1.80
9.59
8.26
-
1.33
11.51
15.45
-
0.28
14.33
21.07
-
11.32
12.15
-
7.87
9.31
-
7.31
2.87
-
6.95
2.49
-
-14.39
3.41
8.12
-
-3.67
-10.48
-

SPAIN
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
55.13
5.65
41.23
1.00
7.25
-
68.80
3.54
52.48
1.51
0.24
11.03
-
86.77
4.64
54.50
6.58
5.60
15.46
-
122.11
1.80
74.51
17.68
4.90
0.01
0.04
23.15
-
143.29
2.13
81.60
22.33
5.60
0.01
0.10
31.51
-
146.85
2.27
83.08
23.17
5.97
0.01
0.13
32.22
-
141.52
2.04
78.81
21.75
6.12
0.01
0.18
32.60
-
2.70
-1.16
1.66
11.69
4.55
-
2.75
-4.46
2.07
6.87
0.50
4.23
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
24.65
5.18
14.22
0.58
4.66
-
26.93
3.16
16.03
0.88
0.24
6.63
-
27.70
4.21
8.23
4.86
2.64
7.77
-
35.32
1.71
8.16
13.07
1.86
0.00
10.52
-
36.09
1.67
7.62
12.54
2.27
0.00
12.00
-
39.01
1.84
7.95
14.41
2.31
0.00
12.50
-
37.31
1.60
7.54
13.35
2.14
0.00
0.00
12.69
-
0.69
-1.22
-3.17
13.30
3.05
-
1.67
-5.24
-0.49
5.78
-1.17
2.76
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
15.50
0.02
15.30
-
21.54
0.01
21.29
-
30.40
29.95
-
43.15
42.52
0.01
53.62
52.80
0.09
55.15
54.15
0.10
52.55
51.22
0.09
4.04
4.03
-
3.09
3.03
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.18
5.18
0.44
3.07
0.33
0.23
7.33
0.37
4.08
0.48
0.45
13.08
0.40
5.09
0.91
0.10
0.51
16.97
0.06
5.78
2.88
0.25
0.49
22.58
0.28
5.41
5.23
0.55
0.36
22.67
0.26
5.25
5.40
0.87
0.36
22.43
0.27
5.03
5.20
5.60
5.59
-0.63
3.02
6.11
-1.26
3.04
-2.05
-0.07
10.18
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.33
1.96
0.95
0.09
2.40
3.10
1.44
0.15
2.96
3.71
4.87
0.02
1.49
0.27
2.90
0.00
0.07
8.69
13.12
2.33
1.24
2.91
0.00
0.09
8.76
13.00
2.18
1.12
2.93
0.00
0.14
8.85
13.07
2.08
1.22
6.21
5.50
2.67
6.69
-0.05
4.95
5.63
1.87
8.65
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.92
4.80
4.80
-
1.50
6.58
6.58
-
3.08
8.34
7.81
0.53
0.15
0.00
0.03
9.36
11.43
0.12
10.68
0.63
0.16
0.00
0.03
9.51
11.41
0.12
10.61
0.68
0.13
0.00
0.04
9.61
11.02
0.12
10.31
0.59
7.39
3.30
2.90
-
6.52
1.56
1.55
0.55
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
2.85
0.03
5.36
9.57
0.03 e
2.41
0.90
0.07
0.00
0.01
6.15
13.42
12.74
0.68
SPAIN
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
9.3
3.1
-0.0
0.6
14.0
5.9
-0.0
-2.2
16.8
10.2
-0.0
0.7
11.4
19.1
-0.8
0.2
7.8
20.9
-1.9
1.8
6.0
17.9
-2.1
-2.5
5.6
14.4
-1.3
-2.9
3.6
7.3
10.0
x
-5.6
3.2
23.9
x
Primary supply
12.9
17.8
27.6
29.9
28.6
19.3
15.7
4.6
-2.0
1.2
0.0
-0.1
0.6
0.6
0.6
..
-7.8 e
-13.4 e
-22.3 e
-28.2 e
-26.2 e
-17.0 e
..
6.4
-1.5

-4.3
-4.3
-
-11.2
-11.1
-0.1
-20.3
-20.1
-0.2
-26.7
-26.4
-0.3
-25.1
-24.9
-0.2
-16.1
-15.9
-0.1
..
..
..
9.5
9.5
-
-1.3
-1.3
-1.0
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
..
-3.5 e
-2.5 e
-1.0
-0.0
-2.2 e
-1.8 e
-0.4
0.0 e
-2.0 e
-1.4 e
-0.6
0.0
-1.5 e
-1.0 e
-0.6
-
-1.1 e
-0.9 e
-0.2
-
-1.0 e
-0.9 e
-0.1
-
..
..
..
..
..
-3.3
-3.4
-3.2
-
-3.9
-2.4
-11.2
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.7
-0.8
-0.5
-0.4
-0.7
-0.7
..
-1.7
2.1
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
5.7
3.5
4.6
1.8
2.3
2.0
..
-1.2
-4.5
Iron and steel

Chemical
5.2
3.2 e
0.4
-
3.2
2.4 e
0.3
0.3
0.0
4.2
2.1 e
0.2
1.6
0.0
1.7
1.1 e
0.1
0.4
-
1.8
1.1 e
0.2
0.4
-
1.6
1.0 e
0.2
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
-1.2
-2.5
-3.8
-
-5.2
-4.0
0.5
-10.4
-
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
Other(7)
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.4
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
..
0.1
0.0 e
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
..
..
..
-0.2
-0.6
-1.5
-2.1
0.1
0.1
..
SPAIN
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
8.33
6.82
6.69
0.13
0.06
0.30
0.75
0.31
0.20
0.17
0.00
0.08
0.35
-
21.59
18.87
18.79
0.08
0.01
0.02
2.25
0.30
0.10
1.77
0.03
0.05
0.51
-
29.25
28.11
27.92
0.19
0.54
0.67
0.14
0.06
0.47
0.12
-
29.49
27.87
27.79
0.08
0.49
0.75
0.22
0.25
0.18
0.10
0.25
-
25.84
24.48
24.20
0.28
0.36
0.67
0.15
0.20
0.22
0.10
0.31
-
29.42
27.25
27.00
0.25
0.57
0.91
0.20
0.19
0.45
0.06
0.29
-
20.53
18.89
18.66
0.22
0.51
0.71
0.15
0.24
0.28
0.04
0.30
-
8.26
8.85
8.99
-4.23
-18.93
-18.94
9.56
-0.16
-5.73
21.76
25.32
-3.32
3.29
-
-0.28
0.01
-0.04
6.04
-6.24
-3.64
4.94
-9.84
-1.23
-2.89
-
4.86
4.86
-
4.46
4.46
-
3.56
3.64
-
3.46
3.60
-
3.56
3.66
-
3.67
3.74
-
3.45
3.47
-
-0.73
-0.73
-
-1.41
-1.38
-
8.16
8.09
8.09
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.04
-
20.78
20.63
20.63
0.08
0.04
0.00
0.03
0.04
-
12.85
12.91
12.91
-
11.55
11.43
11.43
-
10.10
10.25
10.25
-
9.58
9.57
9.57
-
2.43
2.47
2.47
-
8.10
8.12
8.12
7.64
4.66
-6.53
1.09
-
-11.24
-11.12
-11.12
-

SPAIN
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
42.60
65.54
60.18
69.75
125.39
127.62
..
106.42
118.39
..
169.30
128.33
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
68.57
65.54
..
100.39
..
103.43
117.59
..
172.12
..
c
106.42
..
127.20
..
c
138.84
169.30
136.41
..
c
..
278.37
197.69
..
c
..
322.89
276.03
..
c
..
345.20
295.78
..
c
..
476.63
378.46
..
c
..
339.80
337.39
(Euro / unit)(2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
15.43
40.57
35.67
23.62
72.57
70.72
..
87.60
93.31
..
246.67
179.02
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
32.38
40.57
..
59.50
..
45.66
68.06
..
95.38
..
c
87.60
..
100.25
..
c
202.29
246.67
190.29
..
c
..
300.92
204.61
..
c
..
345.57
282.85
..
c
..
338.40
277.61
..
c
..
437.79
332.83
..
c
..
328.45
312.24
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
3.08
2.60
..
..
0.01
0.47
5.92
5.35
4.23
1.12
0.00
0.57
10.16
9.76
4.29
5.48
0.00
0.39
19.07
18.93
3.84
15.09
0.14
21.20
21.06
3.66
17.40
0.14
20.38
20.21
3.71
16.50
0.16
20.93
20.79
3.77
17.02
0.14
17.92
17.71
3.45
14.26
0.21
14.37
14.24
2.11
12.14
0.12
0.01
0.01
..
..
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.77
0.77
0.63
0.63
1.08
1.08
1.90
0.81
0.02
0.78
1.09
2.15
1.51
1.51
0.64
1.34
1.13
1.13
0.20
SPAIN
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
3376
8416
10455
13408
21649
23704
24439
20967
17038
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
3029
454
68
395
1369
743
-
4090
996
637
2401
56
4169
672
364
234
2899
-
3244
879
389
58
1916
2
3755
1388
383
1912
-
3622
1969
234
151
976
-
3682
2300
158
1224
-
3371
1719
176
1344
28
2058
627
43
1380
-
72
-
291
1
-
104
-
8
-
347
12
21
4326
407
172
2
379
5
855
7
6286
271
43
16
153
275
89
10164
110
53
103
2314
136
17894
1627
102
313
27
585
36
20082
1579
102
45
16
446
19
20757
1414
100
37
21
138
53
17596
1475
59
112
28
26
1036
32
14980
524
20
25
249
15
114
196
4
134
2274
91
-
404
4667
285
53
30
665
608
6037
138
-
191
1112
2804
9180
1496
32
389
-
3
1534
4022
8213
3609
225
153
110
6
3
2308
4599
8772
2705
161
382
64
11
1994
4064
5602
2623
276
192
66
6
2794
4633
4201
1915
145
113
340

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

SPAIN
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
62.38
58.59
49.11
79.30
116.50
134.81
124.87
211.23
184.13
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
59.85
..
..
59.09
63.21
..
..
..
..
52.80
57.34
..
51.07
61.65
..
..
..
..
46.17
48.43
..
..
53.22
..
..
..
30.40
68.83
79.64
..
129.88
86.28
57.80
..
72.04
145.89
110.07
141.45
..
135.89
116.42
137.51
..
..
..
137.79
142.24
..
123.25
128.18
136.71
2611.31
..
..
125.17
142.00
..
..
122.09
..
..
..
..
238.36
259.29
..
..
160.69
344.75
..
..
..
232.74
..
..
130.38
163.34
..
244.67
..
..
Steam coal(3)
44.74
43.24
32.03
55.89
62.94
60.66
74.06
128.55
85.30
52.89
..
..
102.86
44.32
..
48.08
43.00
42.90
50.56
..
..
..
38.79
..
46.44
44.04
46.33
33.83
..
..
38.10
31.62
36.51
30.43
31.91
33.96
57.79
..
..
91.49
49.58
..
63.98
55.69
70.46
93.53
64.94
..
114.05
46.84
93.42
63.06
65.12
65.99
97.90
377.69
..
114.72
60.43
..
61.96
61.65
64.82
79.48
403.91
..
142.48
126.87
..
72.34
75.14
92.84
158.54
142.45
..
214.64
125.44
..
138.29
138.56
156.74
103.14
462.40
..
181.26
87.64
..
90.93
89.96
83.10
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
SWEDEN*
200
80
180
70
160
60
140
50
120
40
100
80
30
60
20
40
10
20
0
0
1971
1976
Coal
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
2009e
3
2
1
0
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
180
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

100
160
90
140
80
Industry
2008
Other use
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
SWEDEN
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
55.49
2.33
39.87
5.06
0.79
7.36
0.09
-
57.84
2.43
32.34
5.90
9.86
7.23
0.07
-
67.43
4.22
20.43
0.82
7.87
25.38
8.91
0.01
-0.22
-
67.94
3.50
19.39
1.11
11.80
21.34
9.65
0.06
0.57
0.51
71.47
3.78
18.47
1.30
14.10
24.93
8.13
0.19
0.16
0.40
70.85
3.47
19.31
1.18
14.20
23.79
8.49
0.26
-0.24
0.40
62.13
2.16
16.91
1.59
13.58
18.62
8.00
0.32
0.58
0.38
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.15
3.57
-3.86
2.63
22.68
1.13
-
0.28
-1.09
-0.31
2.02
3.34
-0.36
-0.27
24.16
0.58
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
143
0.39
8.1
6.82
139.9
113.9
92.1
78
55.4
1980
162
0.36
8.3
6.96
128.9
105.4
99.9
96
55.1
1990
202
0.33
8.6
7.88
120.9
147.1
113.9
146
69.6
2000
246
0.28
8.9
7.66
100.0
100.0
100.0
145
100.0
2007
298
0.24
9.1
7.81
86.7
89.1
84.0
149
116.6
2008
297
0.24
9.3
7.65
86.2
81.9
82.6
150
113.1
2009e
285
0.22
9.3
6.69
78.7
53.1
..
134
92.9
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.02
2.18
-0.85
-1.87
0.30
0.44
0.85
-0.16
-0.85
-1.87
1.52
-3.20
1.26
-1.77
3.75
0.15
1.35
2.73
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.01
-
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.36
0.27
-3.07
-
2.40
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
0.02
-
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.58
0.54
0.52
0.84
0.63
-3.07
-
2.05

SWEDEN
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
49.74
1.33
34.83
0.15
4.94
8.50
-
49.43
1.20
28.81
0.11
5.51
10.43
3.37
45.88
1.49
20.02
0.52
6.62
0.00
14.79
2.44
50.42
1.05
20.25
0.68
7.55
0.01
15.81
5.07
48.89
1.16
17.67
0.79
7.22
0.01
16.07
5.97
49.14
1.28
17.49
0.80
7.60
0.01
16.10
5.85
48.24
1.17
17.09
0.82
7.53
0.01
15.81
5.80
-0.47
0.70
-3.20
7.49
1.74
3.31
-
0.28
-1.34
-0.88
2.58
0.72
6.25
0.37
4.94
18.95
1.20
8.68
0.02
4.19
4.86
-
17.07
1.12
6.64
0.01
4.32
4.98
-
16.94
1.37
3.09
0.37
5.25
6.63
0.24
19.54
1.03
4.39
0.44
6.19
7.00
0.49
17.22
1.14
2.37
0.51
5.61
7.04
0.55
17.43
1.25
2.16
0.51
5.83
7.12
0.55
16.68
1.14
1.86
0.53
5.52
7.08
0.54
-0.66
0.77
-5.90
20.26
1.33
1.84
-
-0.09
-0.99
-2.77
2.07
0.28
0.37
4.63
7.52
7.27
-
8.33
0.00
8.05
-
9.88
9.57
-
10.56
10.15
0.01
11.29
10.64
0.03
11.56
10.76
0.03
11.82
10.96
0.03
1.62
1.63
-
1.00
0.76
-
0.26
15.35
0.07
12.47
0.14
0.28
13.93
0.02
9.51
0.07
0.30
9.35
2.20
0.07
0.39
10.42
1.25
0.15
0.27
0.35
10.00
0.35
0.08
0.41
0.36
9.61
0.21
0.08
0.53
0.29
9.48
0.14
0.08 e
1.03
-2.88
-9.71
-3.61
-0.23
0.08
-14.25
0.17
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.74
1.93
1.41
0.04
-
1.18
3.16
1.93
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.90
0.00
4.68
1.49
5.72
1.93
0.06
0.88
0.01
5.16
2.97
6.28
1.50
0.05
0.85
0.01
5.10
3.61
5.83
0.50
0.14
0.86
0.01
4.87
3.58
5.97
0.56
0.14
0.97
0.01
4.78
3.51
5.89
0.48
0.15 e
1.15
5.34
8.59
24.93
-
0.38
6.25
0.12
4.87
0.17
-7.42
5.05
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.37
3.11
0.06
3.06
-
0.01
1.87
2.24
0.06
2.18
-
0.02
2.99
0.71
2.76
0.06
2.70
-
0.02
3.12
1.60
2.47
0.02
2.45
-
0.06
3.33
1.79
3.41
0.02
3.39
-
0.06
3.50
1.71
3.46
0.03
3.44
-
0.06
3.45
1.75
3.33
0.03
3.31
-
4.72
-0.71
0.32
-0.73
-
5.56
0.80
5.15
1.05
-4.62
1.13
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
SWEDEN
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
0.0
2.4
-0.0
-0.1
0.0
2.5
-0.1
0.0
0.2
3.8
-0.0
0.2
0.2
3.5
-0.0
-0.2
0.2
3.5
-0.0
0.1
0.4
3.3
-0.0
-0.1
0.3
2.2
-0.3
-0.0
19.5
2.7
3.5
x
2.3
-0.8
-0.1
x
2.3
2.4
4.2
3.5
3.8
3.5
2.2
3.6
-1.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.5
..
-0.9 e
-1.0 e
-2.6 e
-2.3 e
-2.5 e
-2.6 e
..
6.4
0.2

-0.1
-0.1
-
-0.1
-0.1
-0.0
-1.6
-1.6
-0.0
-1.1
-1.0
-0.1
-1.1
-1.0
-0.1
-1.2
-1.1
-0.1
..
..
..
19.8
19.7
-
-1.9
-2.3
11.8
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
-0.8 e
-0.8 e
-0.0
-
-0.9 e
-0.7 e
-0.2
-
-0.9 e
-0.7 e
-0.2
-
-1.2 e
-0.8 e
-0.4
-
-1.4 e
-0.8 e
-0.6
-
-1.5 e
-0.9 e
-0.6
-
..
..
..
..
..
0.7
-0.8
11.2
-
2.6
1.4
5.1
-
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.1 e
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
..
3.8
0.7
Losses
-0.1 e
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
..
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.2
..
0.7
-1.3
1.2
0.7 e
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.1
0.6 e
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.6 e
0.0
0.4
0.1
1.0
0.5 e
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.7 e
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.1
0.6 e
0.0
0.3
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.8
-1.4
10.1
2.8
20.8
-1.0
0.8
-7.3
-2.0
-9.0
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
0.0
..

Residential
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
-
..
..
..
-0.5
-
Non-energy use
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.3
-4.6
Other(7)
SWEDEN
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
0.34
0.02
0.02
0.30
0.02
0.01
0.19
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.03
2.19
1.19
1.17
0.01
0.18
0.74
0.05
0.03
0.39
0.10
0.18
0.02
1.09
0.50
0.49
0.01
0.27
0.50
0.04
0.25
0.03
0.17
-
1.69
0.42
0.42
0.00
0.42
0.57
0.11
0.25
0.04
0.18
-
1.34
0.56
0.56
0.00
0.43
0.56
0.09
0.26
0.04
0.18
-
1.59
0.40
0.40
0.43
0.58
0.13
0.25
0.03
0.18
-
1.19
0.33
0.33
0.00
0.44
0.56
0.09
0.28
0.02
0.17
-
16.72
43.16
43.02
7.88
6.32
9.89
6.43
33.48
7.07
-3.02
-3.35
-6.83
-6.78
-13.64
5.01
-1.58
3.74
-1.78
-9.17
-0.39
-
1.23
1.23
-
1.52
1.52
-
1.77
1.77
-
1.38
1.85
-
1.90
2.22
-
1.60
1.99
-
1.59
1.96
-
1.77
1.77
-
0.25
1.44
-

SWEDEN
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
50.00
67.15
..
91.90
145.18
..
..
77.87
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
77.55
64.11
80.71
..
..
93.41
72.84
171.39
..
..
92.56
..
x
270.45
..
..
..
x
320.71
..
..
..
x
623.71
..
..
..
x
680.48
..
..
..
x
756.03
473.91
..
..
x
903.35
603.94
..
..
x
717.42
455.29
For industry
(Swedish crowns / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
215
416
..
370
842
..
..
632
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
321
267
500
..
..
362
284
994
..
..
502
..
x
2195
..
..
..
x
4029
..
..
..
x
6391
..
..
..
x
6881
..
..
..
x
7007
4118
..
..
x
8173
5123
..
..
x
7530
4480
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
2.42
0.98
..
..
1.44
2.52
2.08
1.74
0.34
0.44
3.81
3.40
1.35
2.05
0.00
0.10
0.31
3.47
3.05
1.86
1.19
0.10
0.32
3.64
3.13
1.52
1.61
0.13
0.38
3.33
3.01
1.77
1.23
0.11
0.21
3.53
3.11
1.62
1.49
0.16
0.26
3.28
2.82
1.70
1.12
0.16
0.31
2.19
1.87
1.09
0.78
0.19
0.14
0.02
0.01
..
..
0.01
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.27
0.01
0.01
0.26
SWEDEN
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
1545
4868
3543
3499
3092
3052
3180
2857
1898
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
1239
78
99
231
71
5
338
-
1834
140
278
30
224
1074
65
1315
449 e
102 e
764 e
-
1674
535
179
950
10
1814
990
54
570
-
1732
1246
133
352
-
1587
1186
401
-
1661
1099
562
-
1069
745
324
-
417
-
2
21
200
-
1
-
306
8
42
174
30
-
3034
614
4
1292
71
343
96
2228
187
1
6
7
732
103
117
8
1278
83
698
15
25
16
1320
111
28
122
9
5
29
1593
130
7
303
8
22
38
1196
40
4
54
5
5
73
829
120
63
5
51
52
-
183
19
407
5
8
108
573
375
3
120
271
50
-
762
254
-
707
378
-
764
240
11
-
1
419
130
29
11

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
1825
44
2
1000
55
-
e
e
e
e
6 e
20 e
455 e
45 e
198 e
-

SWEDEN
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
60.87
53.95
75.53
94.31
57.76
65.83
138.31
..
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65.10
..
..
55.47
61.89
..
..
..
47.54
52.52
..
..
57.84
..
..
..
..
31.94
..
..
..
75.73
..
..
..
..
70.63
..
..
..
96.64
..
..
..
..
65.37
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.76
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65.83
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
138.31
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal(3)
..
55.37
49.38
86.28
111.18
117.43
124.51
227.64
157.77
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
67.27
..
..
48.74
66.14
..
53.77
61.06
43.13
55.29
49.62
..
41.89
58.19
..
45.79
..
31.04
107.17
..
..
55.59
90.11
..
..
..
61.97
152.75
..
..
75.95
91.28
..
..
..
74.35
151.35
..
..
71.82
124.76
..
..
..
78.65
161.71
..
..
84.84
138.55
..
..
..
85.79
328.87
..
3000.00
239.79
181.58
..
..
..
139.75
197.49
..
..
106.87
141.83
..
..
95.94
108.32
SWITZERLAND*

45
140
40
120
35
100
30
80
25
20
60
15
40
10
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
1.2
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
2009e
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
0.8
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
01
0.0
0.0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
80
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

50
Industry
2008
Other use
45
70
40
60
35
50
30
40
25
20
30
15
20
10
10
5
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
SWITZERLAND
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
27.01
0.47
20.64
0.21
0.34
2.35
3.43
-0.43
-
28.62
0.47
17.87
1.24
0.67
5.35
4.03
-1.01
-
34.34
0.51
17.51
2.33
1.66
8.83
3.66
0.09
0.01
-0.26
-
35.18
0.20
15.75
3.48
2.05
9.88
4.53
0.13
0.04
-0.87
0.00
36.75
0.25
14.93
3.76
3.00
10.44
4.33
0.23
0.04
-0.25
0.00
38.14
0.23
15.84
4.01
3.09
10.36
4.43
0.28
0.05
-0.14
0.00
38.45
0.21
16.45
3.85
3.08
10.35
4.39
0.33
0.05
-0.27
0.00
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.42
0.55
-0.96
15.08
9.69
8.10
0.39
-2.94
-
0.59
-4.37
-0.55
3.06
3.51
0.89
1.06
6.62
8.76
-3.38
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
177
0.15
6.4
4.19
108.6
336.8
78.3
37
64.3
1980
181
0.16
6.4
4.48
112.5
329.3
93.1
48
64.9
1990
225
0.15
6.8
5.05
108.5
290.5
99.7
55
79.1
2000
250
0.14
7.2
4.88
100.0
100.0
100.0
66
100.0
2007
286
0.13
7.6
4.82
91.2
112.8
95.7
66
119.3
2008
291
0.13
7.7
4.95
93.0
100.3
96.2
67
120.8
2009e
291
0.13
7.7
5.00
94.0
94.0
..
67
111.3
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.43
1.45
-0.00
-0.86
0.32
0.70
1.10
-0.12
-0.00
-0.86
-0.87
-5.74
1.43
-0.20
2.39
1.11
1.22
2.38
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat

SWITZERLAND
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
23.81
0.41
19.15
0.34
0.34
3.56
-
23.74
0.45
17.20
1.03
0.46
4.33
0.27
26.72
0.49
16.57
2.20
1.23
0.09
0.01
5.77
0.36
27.89
0.20
16.18
3.12
1.34
0.13
0.03
6.43
0.45
29.82
0.21
16.17
3.52
2.02
0.22
0.04
7.10
0.55
29.01
0.25
15.36
3.45
2.09
0.23
0.04
7.06
0.53
29.95
0.23
15.85
3.67
2.11
0.28
0.04
7.22
0.56
0.68
1.04
-0.85
11.65
7.76
2.88
-
0.64
-4.16
-0.25
2.88
3.04
6.62
7.97
1.25
2.53
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
5.71
0.11
4.16
0.07
1.36
-
5.55
0.32
3.05
0.51
0.17
1.46
0.04
4.75
0.43
1.07
0.84
0.22
2.12
0.07
5.57
0.16
1.24
1.08
0.66
0.01
0.00
2.22
0.19
5.94
0.20
1.21
1.24
0.73
0.02
0.00
2.33
0.22
5.85
0.24
1.09
1.27
0.70
0.02
0.00
2.33
0.21
5.89
0.22
1.08
1.31
0.66
0.02
0.00
2.37
0.23
-1.07
8.40
-7.68
15.55
2.64
-
1.20
-3.79
0.07
2.51
6.21
0.62
7.06
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
5.05
4.80
-
5.28
5.03
-
7.35
7.03
-
8.33
8.00
-
8.38
7.98
0.00
8.54
8.14
0.01
8.74
8.33
0.01
2.23
2.27
-
0.97
0.94
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.25
1.81
0.30
0.27
0.26
7.71
0.13
5.63
0.39
0.32
7.46
0.01
4.75
0.87
0.32
8.04
0.01
4.17
1.23
0.01
0.38
8.70
0.01
4.25
1.40
0.01
0.38
8.02
0.01
3.68
1.34
0.01
0.39
8.60
0.01
3.91
1.45
1.42
8.68
-16.32
7.22
1.11
0.79
-0.49
-1.09
2.89
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.34
0.90
1.03
-
0.25
1.24
0.07
3.82
2.21
0.13
1.67
0.15
4.78
0.00
2.63
0.42
0.42
0.10
0.02
1.93
0.16
4.69
1.80
0.72
0.47
0.17
0.02
2.17
0.20
5.39
1.64
0.75
0.44
0.19
0.02
2.15
0.19
5.26
1.43
0.71
0.59
0.22
0.02
2.20
0.20
5.40
1.51
0.76
3.72
9.48
-
1.54
1.56
0.68
-3.04
3.34
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
1.03
1.07
1.07
-
1.33
0.16
0.88
0.00
0.88
-
0.03
1.56
0.14
0.80
0.00
0.79
-
0.21 e
0.02
0.00
1.83
0.10
0.81
0.81
-
0.76
0.03
0.00
2.08
0.13
0.85
0.85
-
0.89
0.03
0.00
2.07
0.13
0.82
0.82
-
0.82
0.03
0.00
2.14
0.13
0.79
0.79
-
2.49
-1.72
-1.75
-
19.54
1.78
-0.42
-0.09
-0.05
-
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
SWITZERLAND
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
0.3
-0.0
0.2
0.7
-0.3
0.5
-0.0
0.0
0.3
-0.1
0.3
-0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
-0.0
2.2
-5.2
x
-4.2
x
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.5
-4.4
-0.0
..
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
-3.6
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
..
..
-0.0
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
..
..
..
..
..
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
..
..
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.2
..
1.0
-4.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
-
0.2
0.0
0.2
-
0.2
0.0
0.2
-
..
..
..
..
..
8.4
-8.3
19.2
3.7
-3.8
-3.7
-

Autoproducers
Gas works
Losses
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
..
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
-9.6
-16.3
-7.5
-0.5
0.0
0.0
..
SWITZERLAND
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
0.15
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.01
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.48
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.45
0.01
0.40
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.17
0.02
0.14
0.01
0.01
-
0.18
0.16
0.02
0.14
0.01
0.01
-
0.14
0.13
0.01
0.11
0.00
0.01
-
0.18
0.17
0.02
0.15
0.00
0.01
-
0.16
0.15
0.02
0.13
0.00
0.01
-
10.26
12.70
26.63
13.51
-6.82
19.28
6.70
-4.17
-15.46
-12.55
-5.87
-6.03
-5.99
-12.89
7.21
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.04
0.04
-
0.09
0.09
0.09
-
0.09
0.09
0.09
-
0.08
0.08
0.08
-
10.23
-

SWITZERLAND
1978(1)
1980
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2006
2007
2008
2009
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
68.81
..
82.08
..
153.66
95.71
127.61
152.83
..
191.14
72.45
x
118.75
..
182.84
60.13
x
x
139.45
173.40
110.03
x
x
224.74
313.15
111.25
x
x
253.83
379.24
145.85
x
x
286.53
448.47
252.48
x
x
455.56
579.73
160.86
x
x
327.62
547.80
(Swiss francs / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
2005
x
..
..
For industry
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
2000
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
1990
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
x
..
..
105.5
..
201.3
..
353.3
137.5
220.0
351.3
..
411.9
86.3
x
226.2
..
326.5
87.0
x
x
322.8
376.3
117.5
x
x
384.0
501.6
119.5
x
x
436.3
611.1
150.0
x
x
471.5
691.9
234.5
x
x
677.0
807.7
149.8
x
x
488.0
765.0


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.34
0.13
..
..
0.21
0.72
0.55
0.55
0.17
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.01
0.03
0.27
0.24
0.24
0.00
0.03
0.14
0.10
0.10
0.03
0.02
0.23
0.15
0.15
0.06
0.02
0.30
0.21
0.21
0.06
0.02
0.23
0.15
0.15
0.06
0.02
0.24
0.17
0.17
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.00
..
..
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
SWITZERLAND
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
141
470
482
214
250
152
224
152
178
141
14
79
8
17
470
31
4
80
24
126
83
482
55
1
6
214
10
-
250
12
2
152
5
1
224
4
5
29
152
5
36
178
4
28
23
-
122
-
420
-
196
6
2
234
2
-
142
4
-
181
5
-
106
5
-
144
2
-

TURKEY*

160
400
140
350
120
300
100
250
80
200
60
150
100
40
50
20
0
1971
1976
Coal
45
1981
1986
Oil
1991
Gas
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
40
40
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
250
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
45
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

300
Industry
2008
Other use
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
TURKEY
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
34.79
7.36
17.83
9.22
0.32
0.07
-
44.92
9.98
22.32
10.97
1.39
0.09
0.16
-
75.37
24.15
33.43
4.08
10.29
2.84
0.62
0.04
-0.09
-
109.07
32.72
43.43
18.05
9.30
3.79
0.98
0.38
0.41
-
142.86
41.98
43.86
43.45
7.22
4.40
1.50
0.64
-0.19
-
140.72
42.09
42.22
43.12
6.90
4.09
1.64
0.70
-0.04
-
131.65
40.76
35.83
41.24
6.65
4.41
2.06
0.79
-0.09
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
4.65
7.24
3.77
0.65
13.72
13.75
-
3.53
3.13
1.31
14.00
-2.20
2.04
5.58
17.27
-4.27
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
88
0.40
38.1
0.91
96.7
68.1
31.4
12
..
1980
112
0.40
44.4
1.01
98.1
72.7
48.6
23
..
1990
186
0.41
55.1
1.37
99.1
105.8
67.2
58
70.5
2000
267
0.41
64.3
1.70
100.0
100.0
100.0
125
100.0
2007
373
0.38
70.3
2.03
93.7
91.8
114.0
192
142.3
2008
376
0.37
71.1
1.98
91.5
91.2
117.9
198
141.1
2009e
357
0.37
72.1
1.83
90.0
92.9
..
194
127.4
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
4.50
3.99
0.14
-0.44
2.20
1.42
2.40
2.08
0.14
-0.44
2.62
-0.82
4.59
3.17
9.44
7.12
3.93
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
2.58
1.16
5.55
-
2.12
1.01
5.65
-
2.03
0.89
14.76
-
0.71
0.80
16.32
-
0.65
0.90
19.58
-
0.77
0.95
22.10
-
0.55
0.69
20.40
-
-2.00
-2.20
8.49
-
-5.24
0.39
2.27
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
2.96
1.33
15.12
-
2.44
1.16
15.03
-
1.82
0.92
44.68
-
0.74
1.66
60.88
-
0.68
1.78
72.90
-
0.86
1.74
76.80
-
0.62
1.26
70.49
-
-3.97
-3.02
9.45
-
-4.10
3.61
3.05
-

TURKEY
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
28.38
4.18
13.63
0.06
9.22
0.07
1.22
-
37.60
5.95
18.14
0.06
10.97
0.09
2.40
-
57.25
10.74
29.10
1.03
10.29
0.52
0.04
5.52
-
82.64
15.49
37.32
7.01
9.22
0.88
0.37
11.78
0.55
103.52
18.11
39.53
17.93
7.35
1.28
0.57
17.37
1.37
109.26
19.97
39.93
20.08
7.14
1.31
0.60
18.77
1.47
106.26
18.25
39.21
18.90
6.81
1.44
0.60
19.59
1.45
4.21
5.70
4.56
18.63
0.65
12.60
9.29
-
3.50
2.99
1.67
17.52
-2.27
5.83
16.24
7.29
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
5.30
1.63
2.88
0.00
0.79
-
9.35
3.09
4.76
0.00
1.49
-
15.57
6.43
5.06
0.71
0.01
3.36
-
28.20
12.61
6.86
2.38
0.14
5.66
0.55
33.47
14.56
4.45
4.77
0.17
8.15
1.37
33.81
16.04
2.03
5.31
0.18
8.78
1.47
25.73
8.74
1.91
4.56
0.18
8.89
1.45
6.54
8.42
3.37
34.90
8.88
-
2.83
1.72
-5.28
10.91
16.55
5.55
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
6.26
0.75
5.50
-
7.84
0.26
7.56
-
13.18
0.02
13.11
-
16.80
0.00
16.65
0.06
20.01
19.72
0.17
22.79
22.42
0.24
21.52
21.12
0.26
4.48
-18.90
5.25
-
2.76
2.68
-
0.01
14.40
1.81
3.09
0.05
0.02
17.44
2.59
3.32
0.05
0.04
20.76
4.29
4.45
0.07
0.09
25.13
2.88
5.13
3.85
0.03
0.10
28.42
3.55
2.79
8.83
0.02
0.11
29.61
3.93
2.49
9.86
0.02
0.12
32.29
7.04
2.41
9.32
7.56
2.18
5.21
2.17
2.62
5.85
2.48
2.80
-3.35
30.82
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
9.22
0.07
0.17
0.45
0.22
0.00
10.97
0.09
0.43
0.44
0.01
10.29
0.52
0.03
1.11
0.91
0.00
9.22
0.88
0.24
2.93
3.31
0.60
7.32
1.28
0.40
4.23
8.32
3.98
7.12
1.31
0.42
4.48
9.17
4.38
6.79
1.44
0.42
4.86
10.91
1.52
4.38
0.65
12.60
11.65
4.30
-9.07
-2.28
5.83
16.11
8.54
14.79
60.07
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.22
0.81
0.81
-
0.44
1.20
1.20
-
0.91
4.01
3.76
0.25
2.71
5.03
4.90
0.13
4.34
8.25
8.06
0.19
4.79
8.34
8.05
0.29
5.01
7.67
7.30
0.37
8.81
9.83
9.41
-
9.94
3.67
3.75
2.24
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
TURKEY
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
7.4
0.0
-0.1
8.8
0.8
-0.1
0.4
17.7
6.0
0.5
17.8
13.3
1.6
21.1
20.9
-0.1
23.8
18.4
-0.1
21.6
19.1
-
5.2
42.3
x
1.7
6.4
x
7.4
10.0
24.2
32.7
42.0
42.1
40.8
7.2
3.1
-0.3
-2.0
-0.1
0.0
0.3
..
-2.9 e
-3.4 e
-11.0 e
-16.7 e
-21.6 e
-23.2 e
..
8.1
4.2

Autoproducers
-1.8
-1.8
-
-2.6
-2.2
-0.4
-14.1
-13.4
-0.7
-19.0
-17.6
-1.4
-20.5
-19.1
-1.4
..
..
..
9.0
8.4
-
5.5
5.6
4.2
Gas works
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
..
-6.5
-0.9 e
0.0
-0.6 e
-0.4
-
-0.7 e
0.0
-0.9 e
0.1
-
-3.1 e
0.0
-1.6 e
-1.5
-
-2.6 e
0.0
-1.8 e
-0.8
-
-2.6 e
0.0
-2.0 e
-0.6
-
-2.7 e
-0.0
-1.8 e
-0.9
-
..
..
..
..
..
7.2
3.1
6.3
8.5
-
-0.8
0.5
-2.6
-
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-7.8
-7.2
-0.7
Energy ind. own use
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.9
..
4.0
4.0
Losses
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.1
..
4.2
5.9
10.7
15.5
20.0
18.3
..
5.7
3.0
Iron and steel

Chemical
1.6
0.4 e
0.3
-
3.1
0.9 e
0.2
-
6.4
1.0 e
0.4
0.0
0.0
12.6
1.3 e
0.0
0.1
0.0
16.0
1.4 e
0.0
0.1
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
8.4
6.2
2.1
-
1.7
3.1
-16.7
22.7
Transport(6)
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
..
-18.9
Other(7)
1.8
1.8
2.6
2.6
4.3
4.3
2.9
2.9
3.9
3.9
9.5
1.5
7.0
..
..
..
5.2
5.2
4.5
2.8
..
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
8.7
1.7 e
0.0
0.0
TURKEY
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
1978
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1.21
0.68
0.68
0.09
0.29
0.29
0.10
-
2.81
0.37
0.37
0.06
1.12
0.01
0.00
1.12
1.25
-
8.48
1.66
1.66
6.15
0.03
0.02
6.10
0.68
-
13.84
4.57
4.57
8.42
0.07
0.02
8.33
0.85
-
16.87
4.69
4.69
11.39
0.08
0.03
11.29
0.79
-
19.53
5.12
5.12
- e
13.48
- e
0.08
0.03
13.37 e
0.94
-
15.84
5.58
5.58
0.27 e
3.57
0.08 e
0.00
0.04
3.45 e
5.45
-
7.31
-5.01
-5.01
-3.28
12.11
12.05
23.25
-
10.08
16.29
16.29
6.63
23.24
6.47
8.51
-
3.43
0.36
0.31
0.05
2.39
0.29
0.05
0.05
0.11
-
5.34
0.11
0.08
0.03
4.66
0.10
0.34
0.34
0.13
-
7.04
0.28
0.28
4.19
2.47
0.09
2.38
0.10
-
5.59
0.60
0.60
4.22
0.64
0.09
0.55
0.13
-
5.93
0.79
0.79
4.75
0.28
0.08
0.20
0.11
-
5.82
0.80
0.80
4.44
0.27 e
0.24
0.03 e
0.21 e
0.07
-
6.88
0.62
0.62
5.53
0.08 e
0.44
0.29 e
0.15 e
0.12
-
3.75
-9.80
-11.22
-4.01
5.71
-8.83
17.37
17.37
1.19
-
1.42
10.33
18.28
0.95
1.51
-4.44
-0.55
-
13.23
4.45
4.30
0.15
0.02
3.63
0.00
0.73
2.90
4.88
-
46.18
29.88
29.63
0.25
0.04
8.52
0.93
7.59
7.71
-
64.41
52.54
52.29
0.26
0.00
6.93
0.11
6.82
4.94
-
57.32
47.41
47.21
0.20
0.16
4.25
0.16
4.09
5.49
-
60.79
49.71
49.47
0.24
0.19
5.02
0.18
4.84
5.87
-
10.98
17.21
17.45
4.71
6.74
7.36
2.10
8.33
3.88
-
2.80
4.47
4.50
-0.46
1.65
-3.16
-21.49
-2.55
-2.07
-

72.83
60.54
60.31
0.22
0.05
5.13
0.03
5.10
7.11
-
75.89
65.69
65.45
0.23
0.05
4.78
0.01
4.77
5.29
-
TURKEY
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
105.18
..
49.88
179.15
..
31.85
174.87
110.22
50.45
150.29
131.07
88.29
397.46
234.26
86.87
467.46
271.72
97.12
573.16
341.34
113.22
728.57
444.88
112.43
585.24
362.67
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
70.23
105.18
..
..
86.47
83.99
179.15
..
..
79.67
82.07
174.87
..
98.09
53.26
80.19
150.29
..
136.10
78.71
148.07
397.46
..
236.81
79.99
161.57
467.46
..
274.31
115.02
200.52
573.16
..
342.88
152.51
258.70
728.57
..
445.57
139.04
269.73
585.24
..
363.70
For industry
(New Turkish lira / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
..
0.00
..
0.00
0.02
..
0.02
0.63
0.37
9.01
128.86
105.36
33.83
731.11
403.98
35.49
916.73
499.57
36.07
1021.81
570.49
42.01
1297.72
742.89
49.69
1241.53
721.28
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
..
0.00
0.00
..
..
0.00
0.01
0.02
..
..
0.13
0.19
0.63
..
0.33
20.22
43.69
128.86
..
109.40
64.10
173.07
731.11
..
408.38
69.45
201.34
916.73
..
504.33
90.78
227.15
1021.81
..
573.06
120.26
292.79
1297.72
..
744.04
130.59
363.59
1241.53
..
723.34
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
0.01
0.01
..
..
-
0.82
0.82
0.82
-
6.02
6.01
4.25
1.76
0.01
-
13.30
12.57
6.27
6.30
0.00
0.72
16.74
16.33
5.23
11.10
0.41
19.40
18.93
5.74
13.19
0.01
0.45
20.91
20.47
5.19
15.28
0.44
18.37
18.16
5.95
12.20
0.21
19.12
18.85
4.63
14.23
0.27
..
..
-
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.07
-
TURKEY
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
475
2662
5557
5941
12990
20286
22945
19489
20367
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
475
70
405
-
2662
637
1825
-
3717
1318
51
2011
-
3606
1452
210
178
1766
-
6202
2793
847
100
2150
-
5490
1569
1125
164
1045
-
5117
1695
964
1312
-
6050
2324
888
1328
-
4703
1727
478
1359
-
200
-
337
-
259
53
-
1203
384
-
611
535
-
939
571
-
946
69
124
-
1840
58
-
2335
36
10
50
47
6788
69
21
14796
-
17828
61
412
326
-
13439
71
-
15664
989
3
1252
530
-
877
1050
199
66
1440
5023
174
61
1829
2601
2215
7273
374
504
1947
2754
2499
9264
227
338
1386
2882
1548
7340
98
38
76
221
2785
2565
8938
85
78

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

UNITED KINGDOM*

350
120
300
100
250
80
200
60
150
40
100
20
50
0
1971
1976
Coal
140
1981
1986
Oil
Gas
1991
1996
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
450
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
140
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

400
700
Industry
2008
Other use
600
350
500
300
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
2008
Other
UNITED KINGDOM
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
311.53
109.18
155.58
35.87
10.42
0.47
0.01
-
283.47
98.28
113.34
57.59
13.78
0.48
0.00
-
294.17
90.15
109.11
67.41
0.90
24.48
0.64
0.00
0.02
1.47
-
318.48
52.14
104.60
124.82
2.75
31.67
0.62
0.00
0.13
1.74
-
300.09
55.38
96.34
117.06
5.86
23.46
0.63
0.00
0.71
0.64
-
297.79
51.27
96.76
120.64
6.63
19.54
0.63
0.00
0.95
1.35
-
282.28
43.03
92.25
111.49
7.63
25.76
0.64
0.00
1.13
0.35
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
-0.34
-1.12
-2.07
3.78
5.15
1.78
36.14
-
0.07
-3.09
-0.66
3.29
11.76
-1.24
-0.04
25.62
-0.44
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
823
0.38
56.2
5.54
175.7
376.1
127.1
281
74.7
1980
880
0.32
56.3
5.03
149.5
316.6
119.5
284
73.5
1990
1150
0.26
57.2
5.14
118.6
222.1
107.0
318
87.7
2000
1478
0.22
58.9
5.41
100.0
100.0
100.0
374
100.0
2007
1763
0.17
61.0
4.92
79.0
89.0
86.8
393
96.4
2008
1773
0.17
61.4
4.85
77.9
82.0
86.4
385
93.6
2009e
1712
0.16
61.8
4.57
76.5
71.2
..
368
83.5
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1.99
2.43
-2.28
-2.31
0.11
0.39
-0.44
-0.32
-2.28
-2.31
-3.05
-5.39
-1.01
-1.18
0.72
1.08
0.95
0.36

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
14.68
84.26
-
9.68
95.97
-
1.60
74.99
-
0.26
26.40
-
0.28
14.28
-
0.32
15.14
-
0.26
15.46
-
-16.87
-0.97
-
-8.57
-8.51
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
15.11
108.47
-
10.05
120.05
-
1.60
91.16
-
0.26
30.94
-
0.27
16.74
-
0.31
17.75
-
0.25
18.13
-
-17.06
-1.44
-
-8.76
-8.69
-

UNITED KINGDOM
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
204.61
37.79
104.41
33.77
28.63
-
187.54
20.10
85.17
53.31
28.79
0.17
196.85
15.39
87.46
59.68
0.59
0.00
0.01
33.72
-
214.70
5.58
89.39
74.89
0.88
0.00
0.02
40.47
3.48
209.40
3.99
91.38
68.82
1.09
0.00
0.05
42.30
1.78
203.16
4.22
87.78
66.11
1.44
0.00
0.06
41.94
1.61
204.07
4.43
86.21
67.48
2.17
0.00
0.08
41.96
1.73
-0.23
-5.15
-1.04
3.41
0.97
-
0.20
-6.68
-0.08
0.68
7.47
9.88
1.22
-
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
75.06
19.05
30.33
14.47
11.21
-
56.11
8.50
17.41
19.30
10.72
0.17
45.47
9.11
9.00
14.86
0.14
12.36
-
48.16
3.28
8.61
20.27
0.40
14.02
1.57
44.83
3.20
9.64
16.11
0.24
14.49
1.16
43.33
3.38
9.32
14.95
0.32
14.38
0.99
42.36
3.51
8.77
14.64
0.38
13.95
1.10
-2.91
-4.25
-6.90
0.16
0.58
-
-0.39
-5.16
-0.14
-0.08
5.78
0.67
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
39.47
0.08
39.07
-
43.39
0.05
42.96
-
55.97
0.00
55.32
-
59.81
58.76
-
62.54
61.28
-
62.91
61.42
-
61.74
59.57
-
2.08
-18.29
2.07
-
0.55
0.41
-
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.32
48.09
15.74
5.54
15.60
0.37
51.32
9.65
3.76
27.33
0.65
53.24
4.97
3.30
33.20
1.06
61.47
2.22
4.31
40.88
0.26
1.01
60.28
0.76
4.32
40.43
0.49
1.00
58.28
0.81
3.83
39.01
1.13
1.04
60.09
0.90
4.04
40.15
4.23
0.60
-6.56
-3.00
4.54
2.63
0.67
-9.05
1.12
1.06
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
11.22
19.03
2.82
8.36
2.45
10.58
18.20
1.87
6.63
3.08
0.25
11.52
18.37
1.29
4.43
3.90
0.25
13.74
0.06
24.07
0.06
2.01
8.93
0.38
14.31
0.07
23.03
0.02
1.18
9.18
0.42
14.13
0.07
22.70
0.02
1.19
8.89
0.45
14.48
0.07
23.28
0.02
1.16
9.42
0.16
-0.21
-4.51
-3.68
2.77
3.30
1.28
1.32
-20.58
-7.16
5.02
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
5.40
17.22
17.22
-
6.62
10.14
10.14
-
0.05
8.71
15.46
13.24
2.22
0.11
11.12
1.85
16.18
14.65
1.52
0.12
11.99
0.55
14.98
14.11
0.87
0.12
11.93
0.55
12.34
11.21
1.13
0.13
12.00
0.55
12.96
11.94
1.02
2.85
-0.63
-1.53
-
4.81
1.80
-0.98
-0.57
-4.20
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
UNITED KINGDOM
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
108.4
1.6
-2.8
2.0
105.7
6.4
-4.4
-9.4
76.6
14.7
-2.6
1.4
26.7
21.8
-1.1
4.8
14.6
39.3
-0.8
2.4
15.5
39.2
-0.8
-2.6
15.7
33.7
-0.7
-5.7
-2.0
13.9
-0.6
x
-8.5
5.6
-6.1
x
Primary supply
109.2
98.3
90.2
52.1
55.4
51.3
43.0
-1.1
-3.1
3.3
0.3
-1.5
0.1
0.4
0.3
..
-70.9 e
-76.7 e
-72.1 e
-44.9 e
-50.1 e
-45.7 e
..
0.1
-2.5

-65.0
-65.0
-
-74.3
-72.0
-2.3
-68.3
-66.3
-1.9
-41.1
-37.7
-3.3
-46.3
-43.3
-3.1
-42.2
-39.2
-2.9
..
..
..
0.3
0.1
-
-2.6
-2.9
2.5
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.4
-0.0
..
-5.5 e
-2.3 e
-3.2
-0.0
-2.4 e
-0.9 e
-1.4
-0.0
-3.9 e
-2.6 e
-1.1
-0.2
-3.9 e
-3.0 e
-0.9
0.1
-3.7 e
-2.8 e
-0.9
0.0
-3.5 e
-2.6 e
-1.0
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-2.1
0.8
-6.2
9.7
-0.6
0.0
-0.7
-
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
Energy ind. own use
-3.2
-1.9
-1.1
-1.5
-1.2
-1.2
..
-6.1
0.2
Losses
-0.5
-0.2
-0.3
-0.3
..
37.8
20.1
15.4
5.6
4.2
4.4
..
-5.1
-6.7
3.3
1.2 e
0.0
1.1
0.1
3.4
1.6 e
0.1
1.0
0.1
3.5
1.8 e
0.1
1.0
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
-4.2
-4.8
7.5
-5.3
-4.3
-5.2
-4.3
-10.5
-1.6
-7.8
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
19.0
9.0 e
0.3
3.4
1.2
8.5
3.6 e
0.2
2.5
0.1
9.1
3.9 e
0.9
1.4
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
..
-18.3
18.7
2.8
15.7
11.5
1.9
9.6
6.3
1.3
5.0
2.3
0.1
2.2
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.9
0.0
0.9
..
..
..
-6.2
-4.5
-6.6
-10.1
-20.6
-9.0
..
UNITED KINGDOM
(million tonnes)
1978
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
105.68
83.21
80.64
2.57
1.19
1.85
0.01
6.19
0.11
0.03
3.09
0.32
2.65
12.17
-
96.21
84.01
82.56
1.46
0.78
- e
5.25
0.01 e
1.04
1.50
0.63
2.07 e
5.43
-
51.02
46.85
44.76
2.09
0.54
- e
1.88
0.00 e
0.03
1.24
0.12
0.48 e
1.95
-
55.21
52.52
50.58
1.94
0.27
- e
1.78
- e
0.13
1.12
0.14
0.39 e
0.65
-
60.30
57.89
55.93
1.97
0.28
- e
1.70
- e
0.09
1.05
0.14
0.43 e
0.59
-
55.61
52.97
51.03
1.94
0.25
- e
1.86
0.00 e
0.14
1.15
0.14
0.42 e
0.67
-
51.00
48.26
46.28
1.98
0.32
- e
1.87
0.00 e
0.14
1.15
0.15
0.43 e
0.71
-
-0.78
0.08
0.20
-4.59
-3.51
-1.36
-16.73
35.13
-5.84
5.93
-2.04
-6.51
-
-3.46
-3.03
-3.16
1.71
-4.86
-5.57
-12.89
-10.39
-1.47
-7.69
-8.40
-10.70
-
14.99
14.91
-
10.52
10.09
0.66 e
0.11
0.11 e
- e
-
8.82
8.23
0.45 e
0.01
0.01 e
- e
-
6.57
5.57
0.96 e
0.08
0.08 e
- e
-
7.04
5.93
0.98 e
0.14
0.14 e
- e
-
7.17
5.93
1.09 e
0.15
0.15 e
- e
-
6.93
5.88
0.96 e
0.21
0.21 e
- e
-
-2.91
-3.21
-
-2.29
-2.96
2.14
3.58
3.58
-

UNITED KINGDOM
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
52.18
67.63
52.91
91.65
141.33
93.18
96.27
66.97
c
55.02
128.62
80.92
81.19
272.68
166.89
86.73
302.68
213.74
102.00
322.38
223.75
148.68
378.32
272.26
105.08
332.30
197.76
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
49.74
..
72.81
..
67.78
91.28
..
151.36
..
126.05
88.51
..
95.94
..
123.24
59.32
..
135.97
..
81.44
99.65
..
x
266.21
232.37
99.17
..
x
307.73
298.29
113.43
..
x
408.54
259.02
116.05
..
x
c
346.87
105.90
..
x
c
251.74
For industry
(Pounds sterling / unit) (2)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
21.97
49.72
35.47
31.84
85.73
51.54
43.77
53.16
c
29.35
119.80
68.73
36.07
211.50
118.04
38.06
231.91
149.33
41.16
227.14
143.75
65.57
291.31
191.16
54.42
300.48
163.06
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
23.25
..
53.53
..
45.44
35.20
..
91.81
..
69.72
44.67
..
76.16
..
89.21
35.13
..
126.65
..
69.17
49.14
..
x
206.48
164.35
48.31
..
x
235.78
208.40
50.81
..
x
287.85
166.41
56.81
..
x
c
243.55
60.88
..
x
c
207.57
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
1.60
1.38
..
..
0.23
6.42
6.26
2.32
3.94
0.16
14.75
14.38
8.84
5.54
0.37
21.75
21.27
8.34
12.93
0.48
39.64
38.76
6.46
32.30
0.88
45.29
44.30
6.68
37.62
0.98
39.28
38.23
7.38
30.85
1.05
39.24
38.53
6.26
32.27
0.71
33.70
33.52
5.09
28.43
0.18
2.85
2.22
..
..
0.62
4.41
3.24
0.03
3.20
1.18
2.56
2.17
0.05
2.12
0.39
1.11
0.66
0.00
0.66
0.45
0.70
0.57
0.00
0.57
0.13
0.64
0.46
0.00
0.46
0.17
0.82
0.57
0.01
0.55
0.26
0.83
0.62
0.14
0.48
0.21
0.71
0.53
0.01
0.52
0.17
UNITED KINGDOM
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Hard Coal
2352
12732
14783
15896
23446
50529
43365
43875
38223
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
1383
380
207
375
421
-
7150
2988
337
3
1160
2647
14
8614
2966
961
2
794
3791
7
7754
3194
1306
396
1792
1
8462
4880
1633
1936
2
6775
3766
1274
1416
19
7482
3733
1808
1402
49
6349
3203
1378
1472
-
5164
2487
201
1578
50
1
-
93
-
38
27
1000
11
-
275
25
68
393
20
9
296
-
304
544
-
969
645
53
41
1
73
5582
2469
61
10
783
258
498
525
6169
67
24
2
248
250
1641
1868
8142
447
58
2
131
878
2056
153
14984
1222
1107
837
204
43754
143
50
856
692
270
35883
527
11
130
1121
212
37526
699
1
19
224
2809
363
33059
444
18
566
3122
471
26
106
24
34
89
724
23
108
69
956
356
499
169
20
77
2648
65
1313
133
9
101
71
143
5649
9
4756
480
208
123
246
52
3798
1895
12858
22697
421
22
-
198
3853
1455
7742
20499
135
-
52
5294
2162
4281
21228
385
9
-
614
5250
721
3055
18601
92
105

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

UNITED KINGDOM
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
2176
2379
2258
856
656
442
531
460
502
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
2174
113
125
6
950
446
202
53
168
79
3
3
26
-
2327
1
44
1278
2
183
191
13
19
391
14
12
111
3
65
-
1960
1
67
366
204
271
214
18
246
25
145
178
138
87
-
845
86
31
1
142
10
349
27
118
60
21
-
651
12
77
13
265
1
71
15
158
31
8
-
439
51
1
1
5
16
4
17
265
3
12
64
-
528
42
5
1
6
13
3
7
280
1
11
24
135
-
455
55
3
1
19
3
204
77
25
68
-
481
43
7
8
300
3
29
6
85
-
2
2
-
49
48
1
289
5
1
1
282
-
5
5
4
1
2
1
-
3
1
1
1
-
3
1
1
1
-
15
13
1
1
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

UNITED KINGDOM
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
72.56
57.61
46.84
77.73
116.05
128.51
120.24
187.79
196.99
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
76.77
67.89
..
65.40
72.53
..
..
..
46.86
56.28
55.72
..
53.12
60.78
..
59.04
..
59.92
45.23
45.32
..
..
52.11
..
..
..
43.01
76.33
78.05
..
..
80.05
..
..
..
94.26
127.10
99.81
..
..
113.10
..
..
..
91.89
136.58
117.54
..
..
127.10
..
..
..
71.41
124.16
104.80
..
..
131.69
207.67
..
..
82.35
201.79
192.51
..
..
176.47
..
344.67
..
69.16
231.88
241.64
..
..
145.57
..
..
..
98.63
Steam coal(3)
68.56
45.19
39.73
65.02
70.24
69.91
84.03
139.40
94.70
95.59
59.29
101.88
84.94
69.28
73.47
73.07
..
53.72
41.59
..
..
51.92
44.64
..
43.65
43.16
50.58
35.25
..
..
41.04
38.57
..
38.30
41.04
39.22
62.29
69.05
..
65.64
68.02
80.81
66.01
63.57
68.03
85.03
..
..
71.87
83.66
98.27
70.13
69.27
70.78
72.19
2529.04
..
65.00
62.86
150.04
70.11
69.85
70.67
91.62
..
..
112.37
79.53
71.23
78.56
90.44
82.58
168.33
..
..
145.69
133.03
..
136.96
155.46
139.84
91.04
..
..
92.85
85.17
2795.61
89.35
85.90
96.44
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
UNITED STATES*

4000
160
3500
140
3000
120
2500
100
2000
80
1500
60
40
1000
20
500
0
Coal
900
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal/TPES
Renewables
800
800
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
5000
Coal/population
Coal/GDP
900
2009e
2009e
Production
Coal supply
Exports
Imports
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

4500
7000
Industry
2008
Other use
6000
4000
5000
3500
3000
4000
2500
3000
2000
1500
2000
1000
1000
500
0
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Coal
Oil
Gas
Hydro
Nuclear
2009e
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
Other
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
2008
UNITED STATES
TPES (Mtce)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/waste
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Heat(2)
1973
1980
1990
2471.34
444.36
1167.84
735.01
53.57
33.20
32.60
3.01
1.75
-
2578.11
537.48
1138.47
681.12
77.84
99.10
34.25
6.57
3.28
-
2735.71
657.43
1081.20
626.05
88.94
227.69
33.56
20.14
0.46
0.24
-
2000
2007
2008
2009e
3247.62
3337.92
3262.46
3103.01
762.32
792.58
779.66
694.37
1244.50
1289.82
1216.57
1143.04
782.26
775.27
775.38
776.91
104.62
115.25
121.11
117.58
296.99
311.47
311.91
309.04
31.11
30.67
31.54
33.72
18.70
12.55
12.97
12.92
2.96 e
6.48 e
9.27 e
11.24
4.17
3.84
4.05
4.19
-
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
0.60
2.33
-0.45
-0.94
3.03
11.99
0.17
11.83
-10.97
-
0.98
0.95
0.66
1.20
1.73
1.76
-0.34
-2.42
18.18
16.91
-

GDP (2000 bil. US$)

TPES/GDP(1)
TPES/population(1)
TPES/GDP(2)
1973
4322
0.57
211.9
11.66
174.3
133.5
109.1
1966
48.6
1980
5142
0.50
227.7
11.32
152.8
135.7
111.4
2427
54.2
1990
7064
0.39
250.2
10.93
118.0
120.8
105.5
3203
67.2
2000
9899
0.33
282.4
11.50
100.0
100.0
100.0
4026
100.0
2007
11693
0.29
301.7
11.06
87.0
88.0
92.5
4324
107.3
2008
11742
0.28
304.5
10.71
84.7
86.2
91.9
4344
105.0
2009e
11592
0.27
307.5
10.09
81.6
77.8
..
4161
94.7
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
2.93
2.86
-2.27
-1.83
0.98
1.10
-0.38
-0.11
-2.27
-1.83
-0.58
-1.86
-0.20
-0.76
2.91
1.71
1.93
2.51
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08

(2) As index, 2000 = 100

1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Mtce:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
93.39
417.76
15.55
-
119.23
499.84
20.81
-
96.20
641.20
37.33
-
56.00
674.42
36.51
-
45.90
733.07
33.17
-
55.37
739.55
32.65
-
44.94
676.74
31.26
-
0.25
3.63
7.57
-
-3.02
0.80
-0.74
-
Mt:
Coking coal
Steam coal
Brown coal
Peat
92.20
484.60
31.16
-
117.72
592.46
42.78
-
93.26
760.39
79.91
-
54.29
839.69
77.62
-
47.31
934.38
71.29
-
57.37
949.86
68.66
-
46.56
872.16
65.75
-
0.10
3.83
8.16
-
-2.66
1.24
-0.84
-

UNITED STATES
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
2008
1879.10
105.35
990.71
524.73
53.46
204.84
-
1873.27
80.24
984.48
482.02
77.69
248.85
-
1847.86
79.51
976.13
432.84
32.27
0.48
323.55
3.07
2208.90
46.54
1133.46
514.12
74.50
0.74
2.06
429.93
7.54
2233.80
45.32
1198.43
434.63
84.77
1.32
1.83
457.39
10.10
2259.46
44.31
1184.00
459.57
87.89
1.48
1.89
470.03
10.28
2203.21
42.97
1116.72
468.07
93.37
1.66
1.96
468.52
9.95
-0.10
-1.64
-0.09
-1.13
-2.93
2.73
-
0.98
-3.36
0.75
0.44
6.08
7.15
2.08
6.74
Total industry
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
562.57
85.93
103.18
253.29
40.82
79.34
-
553.39
68.92
127.85
216.47
48.48
91.67
-
405.33
65.74
63.22
156.98
12.94
106.46
-
474.65
43.37
36.66
196.97
51.22
0.16
140.32
5.96
428.34
43.09
50.70
162.01
51.77
0.16
112.62
7.98
424.75
41.81
44.47
166.92
49.15
0.17
114.11
8.13
422.00
40.49
49.13
166.17
45.75
0.18
112.40
7.86
-1.91
-1.56
-2.84
-2.77
-6.54
1.74
-
0.22
-2.66
-1.39
0.32
7.27
0.30
-
Total transport
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
591.81
567.23
24.06
607.53
586.07
21.07
696.52
674.00
22.01
840.34
813.56
21.68
893.56
856.25
20.24
898.22
855.17
21.53
859.17
807.31
22.49
0.96
1.02
-0.52
1.17
1.01
0.12
Comb. renew/wastes
Electricity
Residential
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
0.53
339.29
4.20
102.37
161.56
0.38
307.97
2.24
59.79
157.78
0.51
299.82
2.12
37.67
146.51
4.55
0.54
377.20
1.90 e
45.58
166.04
16.17
0.90
362.14
34.82
145.46
20.51
1.00
381.91
35.92
157.55
28.42
0.95
382.88
32.97
162.08
-0.22
-0.72
-3.93
-5.71
-0.57
3.53
1.37
-0.74
0.56
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
71.17
212.45
4.87
69.72
85.83
88.15
203.65
2.60
45.72
86.69
113.52
227.52
3.45
30.44
87.50
14.82
0.31
2.06
146.50
275.78
1.27 e
23.79
104.53
13.34
0.66
1.83
166.04
282.06
2.19
21.32
93.15
14.70
0.79
1.89
171.05
292.44
2.43
20.76
99.39
15.39
0.95
1.96
169.54
296.62
2.48
20.90
103.21
2.78
0.40
-2.02
-4.76
0.11
2.25
1.48
-1.82
-2.07
0.92
Comb. renew/waste
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
Non-energy use
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
52.03
126.74
126.74
-
68.65
145.63
145.63
-
103.06
3.07 e
170.06
150.23
19.84
1.77
0.27
142.55
1.58 e
218.61
193.72
24.89
3.09
0.50
159.68
2.12 e
224.22
210.46
13.76
3.00
0.52
164.18
2.16 e
219.12
204.94
14.18
3.29
0.53
164.13
2.09 e
198.85
184.73
14.12
4.10
1.74
1.00
-
2.62
-2.12
0.87
1.16
-1.87
TFC(1)
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Comb. renew/wastes
Geothermal
Solar, wind, tide
Electricity
Heat
of which:
UNITED STATES
5. Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
73-90
90-08
1973
1980
1990
2000
2007
2008
2009e
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
476.2
1.0
-44.3
11.4
639.9
1.5
-83.0
-21.0
774.7
3.0
-97.1
-23.2
766.9
14.3
-54.7
35.8
812.1
31.7
-49.6
-1.7
827.6
30.1
-68.9
-9.2
752.9
18.1
-49.8
-26.9
2.9
6.6
4.7
x
0.4
13.6
-1.9
x
Primary supply
444.4
537.5
657.4
762.3
792.6
779.7
694.4
2.3
1.0
18.1
-11.1
9.0
21.7
-19.0
-12.2
..
-348.6 e
-442.6 e
-585.2 e
-735.5 e
-726.2 e
-721.6 e
..
3.1
1.2

-309.9
-309.9
-
-417.2
-417.2
-
-565.7 e
-559.6
-6.2 e
-716.5 e
-699.7 e
-16.8 e
-717.5
-712.3
-5.3
-707.3
-702.1
-5.2
..
..
..
3.6
3.5
-
1.2
1.3
-1.0
-2.7
..
26.0
0.1
-11.6 e
-7.9 e
-3.7
-
..
..
..
..
..
-4.8
-4.7
-5.0
-
-2.0
-2.0
-2.0
-
..
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.1
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-38.7 e
-25.8 e
-12.9
-
-25.3 e
-16.2 e
-9.1
-
-2.6 e
-16.8 e
-11.4 e
-5.4
-
-2.7
-16.2 e
-10.9 e
-5.3 e
-
Energy ind. own use
-8.5
-3.6
-1.8
105.4
80.2
79.5
68.9
29.6 e
11.2
10.0
7.1
65.7
18.1 e
12.5 e
11.1
10.4
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
85.9
48.4 e
11.9
5.2
6.8
-
19.4
4.9
4.2
11.3
2.6
2.2
13.8
3.4
2.1
-2.5
-6.1 e
-8.2 e
-3.7
5.8
-
-3.0
-2.9
..
-8.8
2.8
..
46.5
44.3
43.0
..
-1.6
-3.4
43.4
11.2 e
9.6 e
11.4
3.7
41.8
6.6 e
7.4
10.7
6.5
40.5
6.9 e
7.2
9.9
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
-1.6
-5.6
0.3
4.5
2.5
-2.7
-5.2
-3.0
-0.6
-2.4
-2.0 e
3.2
1.3 e
1.9 e
-
..
2.5
2.4
-
2.5
2.5
-
..
..
..
-2.0
-2.0
-3.9
-9.1
-1.8
-
..
UNITED STATES
(million tonnes)
Steam coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Coking coal
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
Brown coal/lignite
Autoproducers
Coke ovens
Gas manufacture
Industry
Iron and steel
Chemical
Other industry
Non-energy use
2000
Average annual
percent change
78-90
90-08
1978
1990
2005
2006
2007
2008
484.73
408.08
408.08
44.63
3.66
10.08
11.51
7.54
11.83
8.54
-
701.66
637.00
630.72
6.27
0.17
52.18
1.71
14.26
11.97
11.28
12.98
5.99
-
866.16
835.53
820.06
15.48
- e
2.39
35.88
1.46
10.51
12.23
4.07
7.62
3.68
-
932.69
762.86
756.35
6.50
119.79
1.20
35.68
0.32
7.23
11.35
6.82
9.96
3.58
-
920.37
778.33
773.48
4.84
94.20
1.35
36.92
0.47
7.50
11.61
7.23
10.11
2.61
-
934.63
763.53
758.92
4.61
127.67
1.48
35.56
0.48
7.38
11.73
7.04
8.94
2.77
-
931.32
885.42
880.48
4.93
1.83
37.01
0.65
7.96
10.72
7.47
10.21
2.85
-
3.13
3.78
3.70
1.31
-6.17
2.93
0.32
3.41
0.77
-2.91
-
1.59
1.85
1.87
-1.33
13.96
-1.89
-5.19
-3.19
-0.61
-2.26
-1.32
-4.05
-
68.89
64.77
-
35.27
35.27
-
25.96
25.96 e
-
20.89
2.81
18.45
-
20.90
2.26
18.56
-
20.52
2.37
18.24
-
19.99
20.02
-
-5.43
-4.94
-
-3.11
-3.10
-
30.77
28.49
28.49
2.19
2.19
0.09
-
79.02
72.04
70.94
1.10
5.64
1.24
0.23
0.00
1.01
0.11
-
74.27
70.01
68.76
1.25
5.67
1.42
0.24
0.00
1.18
0.05
-
76.14
70.49
68.44
2.06
5.39
0.29
0.24
0.01
0.05
0.01
-
75.79
68.63
66.62
2.01
5.59
0.29
0.24
0.01
0.05
0.01
-
71.85
65.48
65.48
5.33
0.32
0.26
0.01
0.05
0.10
-
70.44
63.37
63.37
5.30
0.28
0.24
0.04
-
8.18
8.04
7.90
-4.61
-6.27
1.52
-
-0.64
-0.71
-0.63
-0.34
-8.01
0.05
-16.40
-

UNITED STATES
1978(1)
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
(US dollars / tce)

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
29.96
62.13
43.89
36.39
124.76
67.87
38.52
97.68
71.64
31.51
125.20
134.45
40.50
205.30
253.47
44.47
228.94
213.57
46.45
252.05
218.95
54.32
401.40
281.88
57.97
259.67
144.61
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
36.26
48.94
52.81
..
50.94
41.85
61.20
100.43
..
76.71
40.00
52.01
76.81
..
86.68
37.77
48.41
118.29
..
132.99
56.31
91.26
207.40
..
252.91
61.57
101.49
240.01
..
234.92
64.85
103.44
271.97
..
228.49
75.60
128.62
391.37
..
288.82
77.31
155.77
260.28
..
157.59
For industry

Steam coal
Heavy fuel oil
Natural gas
26.11
88.65
56.43
31.72
178.01
87.26
33.57
139.37
92.11
27.46
178.64
172.86
35.30
292.94
325.89
38.76
326.67
274.59
40.48
359.64
281.51
47.35
572.74
362.42
50.53
370.52
185.93
Steam coal
Coking coal
Natural gas
33.57
49.57
75.35
..
65.50
38.74
61.99
143.30
..
98.63
37.03
52.68
109.60
..
111.44
34.97
49.04
168.79
..
170.99
52.12
92.44
295.93
..
325.17
56.99
102.79
342.47
..
302.04
60.04
104.77
388.06
..
293.77
69.99
130.28
558.43
..
371.33
71.57
157.77
371.38
..
202.61
For industry


(Mtce)
Total imports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
Total exports
Hard coal
Coking coal
Steam coal
Peat
Coal products(1)
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009e
1.03
0.10
..
..
0.92
1.53
0.97
0.97
0.56
3.03
2.34
2.34
0.68
14.31
10.89
1.60
9.30
0.04
3.38
28.00
24.79
1.54
23.24
0.06
3.15
33.13
29.40
1.48
27.93
0.09
3.63
31.73
29.48
1.46
28.02
0.05
2.20
30.14
26.86
1.52
25.34
0.06
3.22
18.12
17.74
0.91
16.83
0.06
0.31
44.33
43.06
..
..
1.27
82.98
81.19
57.98
23.20
0.03
1.76
97.12
96.58
59.39
37.19
0.03
0.51
54.74
53.69
30.72
22.97
0.03
1.02
42.09
40.42
24.46
15.97
0.10
1.56
42.13
40.60
23.46
17.14
0.08
1.44
49.56
48.12
27.46
20.66
0.15
1.29
68.89
67.01
36.31
30.71
0.13
1.75
49.83
48.55
31.80
16.76
0.11
1.17
UNITED STATES
(thousand tonnes)
Hard Coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
2679
1771
2449
6533
11271
32691
32865
30913
20408
1547
1511
-
1533
72
1461
-
1515
1469
46
1580
1580
-
947
947
-
36
-
2679
933
49
645
-
1771
35
367
6
2449
22
883
5
-
6533
192
1197
39
9724
152
155
6
31158
150
288
1
96
31350
60
209
1
32
29333
135
140
1
19461
138
92
-
996
56
539
824
-
1296
238
5
2483
924
1675
23
18
6928
651
1813
1
39
22990
2855
56
853
3809
21
46
24370
3323
122
34
3107
46
41
23825
3060
34
2097
-
8
16137
1891
18
1177
-

UNITED STATES
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
27433
54715
57568
47255
29780
24946
29198
38599
33803
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
23813
956
5410
1468
560
2905
8991
505
929
68
265
688
299
409
360
-
45032
3381
6360
3471
586
7
13
54
5701
12613
1909
303
2975
98
244
2460
997
1716
2144
-
47603
5532
3988
50
86
4501
636
28
6377
10019
2908
3
3606
99
234
3156
764
1906
3710
-
36083
3546
4039
657
2863
329
36
4086
7193
2335
3609
83
27
1976
1006
1638
2660
-
22696
2343
3501
288
2197
419
65
48
3297
852
1096
355
1735
42
198
1993
642
1584
2041
-
17475
30
1596
4134
301
1280
927
70
19
2976
298
132
338
1303
54
1222
426
1106
1263
-
18314
125
1424
3299
90
1584
1056
30
3076
129
316
1848
10
401
284
1337
483
1306
1516
-
25183
294
1650
3266
210
240
1884
1030
126
10
50
68
2612
1266
970
642
3072
78
1552
643
1172
523
257
1703
1865
-
21722
280
1829
2168
25
73
131
1941
1500
31
46
1908
624
1562
551
2651
31
889
219
161
1432
434
127
1294
1815
-
3620
1342
205
218
673
1
914
24
243
9683
5240
286
457
1051
841
739
118
951
9965
5219
357
586
50
1559
485
648
21
1040
11172
5748
336
1119
127
1528
300
400
400
1214
6698
4093
116
682
22
56
443
269
184
833
7471
3935
649
890
75
382
366
1174
10884
5813
1379
800
209
500
296
1887
13416
5457
71
1230
1439
1518
648
472
2581
12061
6714
77
574
1869
294
440
459
893
741
386
20
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

UNITED STATES
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2006
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
9837
29333
38344
33074
23226
19914
24161
35089
19577
Total OECD
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
9370
8782
38
36
22
160
300
27
5
-
25691
1
634
8508
1958
1152
594
392
1112
7
335
3599
1331
1020
44
2765
143
626
674
230
8
275
283
-
32669
1
2178
10083
2842
1740
320
15
1322
4451
2074
719
188
3982
1
62
1386
282
21
15
987
-
29034
937
4541
1905
530
457
1562
829
3194
3696
2081
3015
25
1562
2111
8
191
2390
-
21978
278
13524
70
564
467
456
65
3181
508
373
643
74
343
441
55
936
-
18450
363
13909
348
360
195
569
4
384
156
593
267
250
1052
-
20273
75
483
13386
72
176
578
1009
74
135
5
72
148
2278
258
1
1523
-
31435
1144
17555
139
185
1263
1256
66
74
287
306
255
457
3279
109
391
990
144
149
34
3352
-
17749
24
602
7447
218
71
1111
729
152
217
198
392
611
2682
801
149
1
2344
-
95
11
1
82
1
-
3642
78
2575
421
176
110
2
280
5673
79
3820
530
682
402
108
5
47
4038
13
2033
1
562
271
1099
59
971
22
825
49
9
66
1464
176
3
71
927
190
19
3
1
74
3888
95
2
1
1069
2212
431
10
68
3527
328
72
73
1715
817
220
302
1694
6
1
630
771
140
1
145
372
277
127
134
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Chinese Taipei
Egypt
India
Israel
Romania
Other Latin America
China(2)
Non-Specified/Other

UNITED STATES
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
..
..
43.12
59.82
111.68
120.55
105.88
129.17
127.79
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
51.71
61.37
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
61.90
116.62
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65.04
123.29
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
107.23
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
129.17
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
127.79
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Steam coal(3)
36.86
36.50
31.11
40.10
47.39
50.55
49.53
61.88
68.57
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
45.99
26.95
..
..
..
..
40.64
..
..
34.16
35.65
..
..
..
..
34.33
..
..
31.84
30.82
..
..
..
79.56
28.92
..
..
34.61
54.05
..
..
..
60.26
38.17
104.43
94.40
35.09
69.63
..
..
..
103.19
47.17
..
63.72
48.18
60.63
..
..
..
109.06
51.34
33.61
57.81
34.93
59.70
..
..
..
103.58
51.03
..
60.80
58.63
53.24
..
..
..
..
62.85
107.32
..
63.43
78.02
..
..
..
..
67.76
..
..
Coking coal
(1)
Imports from:
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Poland
United States
China
Colombia
South Africa
UNITED STATES
13. Coal export values by destination*
(average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)
Coking coal
(1)
1990
1995
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
51.55
48.47
42.98
70.14
89.91
111.72
98.10
148.39
129.77
Exports to:
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other OECD
Non-OECD
52.98
41.81
30.83
49.30
49.93
51.40
x
x
52.78
50.34
51.94
66.52
50.47
53.97
53.76
x
50.88
53.46
x
x
50.67
40.31
x
47.01
49.69
52.38
x
x
51.38
45.35
51.32
x
51.20
53.04
52.60
x
47.93
51.83
x
x
44.05
35.61
x
43.90
44.19
40.06
x
x
49.45
41.99
45.46
74.32
38.54
43.31
48.17
x
38.17
46.13
x
x
66.19
55.21
x
65.30
71.81
50.95
x
x
66.99
98.14
72.20
99.46
35.00
49.70
54.31
56.90
73.43
61.35
x
x
88.93
71.82
x
86.04
99.69
111.12
x
x
86.21
100.61
93.04
109.84
x
77.98
69.27
x
111.52
92.21
x
x
99.65
85.70
x
90.82
102.30
108.85
x
x
104.96
89.80
95.44
x
x
97.67
100.90
x
102.15
108.20
x
x
98.07
84.83
x
103.00
96.39
92.86
x
x
104.34
x
94.55
122.19
x
102.18
104.18
x
96.89
99.41
x
x
127.74
100.31
61.92
241.61
126.48
121.70
147.74
90.00
121.55
157.59
129.86
144.71
x
131.61
117.30
116.02
224.53
133.40
x
x
126.93
99.83
63.50
114.55
123.78
109.95
x
x
128.06
181.25
124.48
173.02
62.88
129.74
155.54
118.09
126.34
117.05
x
x
Steam coal(1)
39.99
38.94
31.84
53.93
67.09
55.66
52.61
62.76
81.33
Exports to:
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other OECD
Non-OECD
41.48
33.62
37.89
x
40.87
38.83
x
43.05
44.93
41.76
43.17
58.16
44.04
39.25
38.57
x
23.41
47.41
x
x
38.66
33.74
35.09
39.17
38.72
36.72
40.89
39.75
45.97
38.61
40.53
x
39.99
45.59
53.51
x
34.12
37.01
x
x
27.48
31.87
27.65
x
28.96
29.11
x
30.17
30.67
34.90
28.90
19.54
29.44
23.16
x
189.05
38.43
28.13
x
x
46.26
46.69
38.00
x
114.68
37.13
x
x
46.90
91.47
43.79
x
45.22
29.02
260.00
x
44.97
38.73
x
x
58.94
60.16
42.00
x
40.17
48.08
x
x
89.78
105.21
76.28
x
50.33
61.22
117.24
x
104.55
74.26
x
x
58.36
49.06
59.11
56.58
64.19
69.89
x
x
51.04
166.53
69.91
x
56.43
49.43
x
x
46.09
52.59
x
x
66.32
44.34
84.60
99.11
91.66
63.28
x
73.21
76.87
198.41
69.83
x
59.75
45.82
x
x
44.99
51.74
x
x
89.15
38.83
96.49
125.87
102.43
83.25
72.00
101.56
116.28
143.02
79.14
x
67.00
72.22
56.00
65.00
82.72
68.99
x
x
117.67
63.73
55.77
68.50
152.78
101.53
63.99
x
107.99
113.97
82.78
x
102.41
105.24
x
108.38
81.71
72.49
x
x
Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs.
(1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights.
COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V - V.1
PART V
NON-OECD COAL DATA
GENERAL NOTES
In Part V, the statistical tables on world hard coal
supply and end-use and on coal production,
consumption and trade for the major non-OECD
countries supplement the information presented in
Parts II and III of this book1.
World hard coal supply and

end-use statistics
This section provides historical data for world hard
coal supply and end-use for 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995,
2000, and 2005 to 2008. These data summarise
information published in the IEA/OECD publications
Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2010 Edition,
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2010
Edition and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD
Countries, 2010 Edition. In cases where it is available,
estimated coal trade statistics are shown for 2009.
Coal balances
These tables show all coal use for selected non-OECD
countries in a format whereby coal production, imports,
exports and stock changes balance transformation
uses and final consumption. The transformation of
coal into secondary products is clearly accounted for.
Data for 2009 are preliminary and revised in the IEA
quarterly publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity
Quarterly Statistics.
Calorific values used to convert primary coal data for

OECD countries to million tons of coal equivalent
(Mtce) are reported on page 27 in Part I. Calorific
values of coal in non-OECD countries are published
annually in Energy Balances of Non-OECD
Countries.
Coal trade
Trade tables show steam and coking coal imports and
exports by origin and destination for major nonOECD coal importers and exporters.
In order to provide a breakdown of trade between
steam coal and coking coal, the data have been
gathered from a variety of sources, including from
official submissions by OECD Member countries to
the IEA Secretariat and UNECE Member countries
to the UNECE Secretariat (in Geneva), published
national sources for each country and from
commercial publications. Data reported by exporting
countries have been used where no importing
country detail is available. Similarly, importing
country data have been used in cases where
exporting countries do not provide a breakdown of
their exports by coal type.
Due to classification anomalies and differences in
reporting methods and time periods covered, the
detailed data in the trade tables may not agree with
coal trade data presented elsewhere in Coal
Information.
1. Data for Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine are available only after
1990. Data for all former Soviet Union republics as well as data for the
total Former Soviet Union before 1990 are available on CD (Energy
Statistics of Non-OECD Countries).
World hard coal supply and end-use 1980

(million tonnes)
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1335.1
71.6
8.0
20.2
27.7
20.2
94.5
0.9
0.1
18.0
18.6
3.1
1.9
193.1
0.2
12.8
0.0
3.6
130.1
710.2
0.3
217.8
0.0
2.9
10.1
15.6
2.3
10.0
4.7
29.4
16.2
0.5
0.8
1.2
17.2
68.6
5.0
0.8
7.2
1.0
0.4
5.7
2.2
0.9
7.3
1.1
6.7
196.5
42.4
0.5
15.3
5.8
0.0
0.4
12.7
0.0
0.1
1.5
0.1
30.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
83.2
0.1
301.0
7.4
2.4
8.0
7.4
13.5
0.1
15.7
38.9
0.4
1.4
11.3
66.0
4.7
4.0
3.7
0.2
25.4
0.3
5.9
1.7
2.6
13.7
62.9
3.6
820.8
23.9
0.0
5.5
12.7
9.3
4.8
24.5
45.1
0.0
5.0
9.6
1.9
2.4
0.3
92.6
0.2
9.5
0.1
0.8
92.0
478.7
2.1
41.1
0.0
0.3
1.3
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.1
2.7
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
19.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
8.9
2.5
0.0
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Other non-OECD Europe
561.7
553.0
0.4
8.3
21.5
7.3
3.4
10.8
29.4
29.4
-
142.1
131.5
3.3
7.2
161.0
154.9
0.3
5.8
0.0
0.0
-
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
775.8
620.2
111.0
0.3
34.1
2.6
7.6
8.6
2.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.5
4.6
0.9
7.3
6.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.6
150.6
127.3
17.4
4.3
1.5
0.1
179.7
126.5
44.0
5.3
2.4
1.5
120.8
115.7
4.4
0.6

Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa / Middle East
120.8
115.1
2.8
2.9
2.2
0.8
0.0
0.1
1.3
28.6
28.2
0.2
0.2
17.4
0.9
13.8
1.0
1.8
53.5
52.3
0.4
0.8
2.4
2.3
0.0
0.0
7.5
1.7
4.2
1.6
6.4
4.5
1.8
0.1
0.1
-
7.8
5.7
0.7
1.4
1.9
0.1
0.7
1.1
0.2
0.2
-
2800.9
256.5
261.8
618.8
1216.9
164.5
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I.

(2) Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland.
Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal
Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries
V.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART V

(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1385.9
122.3
7.7
34.3
26.4
17.1
88.8
0.6
0.1
16.4
22.5
5.2
0.1
2.3
191.6
0.2
16.1
0.0
3.6
94.1
735.9
0.5
270.3
3.6
9.3
14.6
1.4
12.5
5.1
18.8
15.5
2.0
0.5
1.9
22.2
93.4
17.1
0.6
11.6
1.1
1.4
8.4
4.9
2.7
12.7
1.8
7.1
258.0
88.6
1.3
27.4
5.4
0.1
0.0
1.0
9.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.4
36.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
2.4
84.0
0.2
259.8
5.8
2.4
7.8
6.4
12.6
0.1
12.0
31.7
0.9
0.0
10.5
69.3
7.3
3.8
4.1
0.1
20.5
0.4
5.2
1.6
3.7
10.3
39.4
4.0
941.9
30.0
0.1
5.1
13.3
11.3
4.1
16.1
49.7
0.3
0.1
8.9
23.8
6.9
1.5
4.9
0.5
95.8
0.4
16.6
1.8
0.6
75.7
572.2
2.1
41.2
0.0
0.4
1.4
0.1
2.1
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.4
0.0
0.1
1.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
20.4
0.0
0.6
0.5
8.6
2.6
0.0
578.3
569.0
0.4
8.9
30.7
11.4
4.7
14.6
31.2
31.2
-
138.1
124.0
4.7
9.4
167.2
160.6
0.3
6.2
1041.2
837.3
150.5
1.9
40.0
1.9
9.8
25.6
2.3
5.5
2.0
2.5
10.1
3.2
10.0
7.8
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.6
134.8
107.5
18.9
5.0
2.7
0.7
273.4
179.0
5.2
74.7
6.0
5.2
3.3
161.4
156.2
4.6
0.5
180.1
173.5
3.1
3.5
6.8
1.2
3.1
0.0
2.5
47.8
47.6
0.1
0.1
17.6
1.2
13.0
0.8
2.6
68.9
2.9
64.0
0.9
1.1
1.9
1.9
0.1
0.0
12.3
1.7
8.8
1.9
9.7
8.0
1.6
3.2
3.2
-
11.8
9.5
0.8
1.5
2.4
0.1
1.1
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
3197.8
343.0
350.2
562.1
1453.8
204.7


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1455.7
158.6
2.4
37.7
22.4
11.2
76.6
0.2
0.0
0.1
8.0
17.2
6.9
2.4
147.7
0.3
14.6
0.0
2.7
92.8
853.6
0.3
307.3
3.6
14.8
14.2
2.3
10.3
6.1
19.4
13.6
1.4
0.6
3.1
20.4
106.9
23.7
0.2
17.4
0.0
0.6
4.7
10.5
3.5
5.6
14.8
2.4
7.3
275.7
103.4
0.7
31.0
5.0
0.1
0.6
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.3
28.1
0.0
0.0
2.3
95.9
0.3
243.7
6.3
2.3
7.3
5.0
10.8
0.8
11.1
24.1
1.0
0.0
8.8
66.8
11.9
2.9
3.9
18.3
0.3
4.8
1.6
4.7
10.2
37.0
3.9
1028.6
38.2
1.4
6.6
12.2
4.9
9.4
3.9
11.0
51.9
2.0
10.8
31.1
7.7
4.0
8.7
0.4
77.6
3.3
18.9
1.2
0.5
84.0
637.0
2.0
25.3
0.0
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
10.9
0.0
0.5
1.4
4.2
2.3
0.1
517.2
512.3
0.3
4.6
119.0
106.5
1.0
11.5
139.9
139.9
-
117.4
109.9
0.8
6.7
246.1
238.5
0.3
7.3
23.1
22.9
0.2
1314.3
1050.7
211.2
6.8
35.7
0.5
9.5
43.5
2.0
8.9
6.0
2.6
18.5
5.4
23.6
17.3
0.1
4.9
0.5
0.8
169.3
134.0
24.9
5.1
4.2
1.1
449.5
302.0
9.9
119.5
5.6
8.6
3.9
172.8
167.0
5.4
0.4
183.3
174.8
5.3
3.1
8.1
1.3
4.0
0.1
2.7
50.1
49.9
0.1
0.1
16.4
1.3
12.3
0.9
2.0
82.8
0.0
3.7
74.3
2.7
2.2
2.4
2.3
0.1
0.0
26.8
0.6
21.4
4.7
13.3
10.1
3.2
15.4
13.5
1.9
12.9
10.3
0.8
1.8
4.3
0.0
1.5
2.7
0.2
0.2
0.0
3497.2
491.4
504.7
559.7
1811.2
223.7


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1404.8
191.1
0.0
0.6
38.6
17.7
8.5
58.9
0.0
6.3
5.7
9.3
3.2
137.2
13.5
2.2
53.0
858.6
0.3
351.0
3.0
14.1
9.7
2.7
13.0
5.8
13.2
15.1
1.4
1.4
2.9
18.5
127.4
45.8
0.8
17.1
1.5
6.0
13.4
3.5
5.9
15.9
6.5
6.4
298.6
136.7
0.0
0.8
34.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.9
0.0
0.0
3.2
1.3
31.9
0.0
0.9
80.3
0.2
211.1
6.1
1.9
4.9
4.2
7.5
1.7
9.4
13.8
1.4
7.0
62.9
14.1
2.7
4.1
16.6
0.5
3.3
1.7
4.2
8.1
31.4
3.5
1103.3
40.6
1.1
6.2
9.6
5.1
10.4
4.1
8.8
55.1
0.1
2.3
8.2
47.6
16.7
7.6
9.3
0.5
55.8
4.6
23.3
0.9
1.2
59.6
723.0
1.6
24.2
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
13.9
0.4
1.3
2.8
2.8
0.0
318.2
317.5
0.1
0.6
51.4
42.9
0.2
8.3
49.6
49.6
0.0
-
84.4
77.9
0.0
6.4
183.4
181.1
0.1
2.2
15.4
15.4
-
1685.4
1342.9
268.3
35.5
23.7
0.2
14.8
62.0
1.6
9.1
12.5
0.6
1.0
28.7
8.3
63.9
28.6
0.7
31.3
0.4
2.9
270.4
232.9
31.2
1.0
4.2
1.1
728.0
502.3
9.7
190.5
4.0
16.4
5.1
141.0
134.8
5.4
0.8
214.2
206.2
4.7
3.3
12.4
1.5
7.1
0.4
3.5
59.9
59.7
0.2
0.0
12.2
1.7
7.7
0.7
2.0
99.2
6.6
86.4
2.8
3.4
2.6
2.6
0.0
0.0
31.3
0.2
25.7
5.5
15.7
11.8
3.9
22.6
18.3
4.3
13.9
11.4
1.1
1.4
4.7
0.0
1.8
2.9
0.2
0.2
0.0
3654.0
492.5
494.6
592.0
2118.6
183.4


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1394.6
239.4
0.4
33.8
14.9
3.8
37.4
3.0
4.2
11.3
3.6
103.3
11.3
2.4
31.2
894.0
0.6
442.9
3.4
11.3
18.8
1.1
6.4
5.1
19.0
27.9
1.2
1.2
2.7
19.0
150.3
63.7
2.4
22.5
1.5
6.4
21.6
3.1
13.0
23.4
11.3
6.3
315.5
187.0
1.4
32.1
5.9
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.6
1.5
23.2
0.0
0.7
53.0
0.6
193.2
4.9
1.9
4.3
4.2
5.4
1.3
7.0
11.6
1.3
6.7
60.0
16.4
2.7
3.1
13.2
0.5
3.8
1.8
4.3
8.2
27.4
3.2
1251.5
51.1
1.4
4.4
15.7
3.9
6.2
3.5
10.4
51.8
0.0
2.3
9.5
64.9
36.2
9.6
8.6
0.8
51.7
5.2
28.1
0.5
1.9
46.9
835.5
1.4
14.7
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.1
0.8
1.9
2.2
0.0
289.7
289.2
0.1
0.4
41.4
34.5
0.9
6.0
68.0
68.0
0.0
-
83.5
79.8
0.1
3.6
144.0
141.3
0.6
2.1
16.5
16.4
0.0
1645.1
1231.1
311.4
62.8
22.5
0.1
17.2
86.2
2.2
6.1
20.9
0.1
0.1
40.7
16.1
117.8
55.1
1.3
57.3
0.4
3.7
228.7
195.4
26.3
0.1
5.9
1.0
923.9
613.0
6.9
259.5
3.8
28.7
12.0
78.3
71.7
5.6
1.0
231.7
0.1
224.2
4.3
3.2
19.0
1.8
9.9
1.1
0.0
6.1
70.5
0.1
69.9
0.0
0.5
12.1
1.9
6.8
1.0
2.3
114.8
10.2
98.1
2.0
4.4
1.6
1.5
0.0
0.0
46.9
0.2
38.2
8.5
19.7
13.2
6.5
43.3
35.4
7.9
14.8
12.1
1.2
1.5
5.0
0.1
0.8
4.1
0.1
0.1
-
3608.0
609.1
615.1
532.3
2439.3
111.3


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1483.0
300.2
0.1
29.1
13.3
0.6
28.0
0.1
2.8
10.8
5.0
97.9
8.5
2.2
20.5
962.4
1.5
539.6
4.3
8.8
14.1
1.3
6.0
4.7
19.9
37.1
0.6
1.4
2.9
24.2
177.0
76.8
7.3
20.4
1.1
3.4
5.3
24.8
3.2
17.4
44.0
27.5
6.3
342.9
231.3
0.0
1.2
28.1
5.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
2.3
19.4
0.0
0.5
45.1
1.7
181.7
5.5
1.9
3.5
4.3
5.2
1.3
6.4
11.6
0.8
5.9
62.9
16.6
2.4
3.2
0.8
11.6
3.8
2.0
4.3
5.7
18.8
3.3
1240.5
56.8
1.9
3.0
13.2
3.3
5.9
2.9
10.3
47.4
0.2
2.3
16.0
92.3
52.7
14.9
8.3
2.4
50.9
5.4
27.9
0.4
5.2
52.5
762.9
1.6
11.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
352.2
352.2
0.0
41.2
32.3
1.7
7.3
115.1
115.1
-
87.6
83.2
0.6
3.8
151.5
148.0
0.9
2.6
5.4
5.2
0.0
0.2
2776.4
2158.9
404.5
143.6
26.9
42.5
163.7
26.2
10.8
38.6
0.1
0.2
55.5
32.4
222.9
71.7
2.0
127.4
2.8
19.0
431.2
382.5
42.0
0.2
5.9
0.6
1575.4
1166.4
10.0
331.3
4.0
41.4
22.3
84.6
77.5
5.5
1.5
252.0
0.0
245.0
3.6
3.3
23.8
1.8
12.7
1.9
0.1
7.4
72.0
0.1
71.4
0.5
12.4
1.8
7.6
0.8
2.3
130.4
12.7
109.2
2.3
6.1
4.9
4.9
0.0
0.1
67.4
0.5
59.1
7.8
21.4
13.7
0.0
7.7
60.8
53.6
7.2
15.5
12.9
1.0
1.6
6.1
0.1
1.0
5.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
4931.0
789.7
813.8
728.5
3103.9
106.5


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1505.4
299.7
0.0
29.9
13.4
0.5
23.8
0.0
2.8
11.5
5.5
95.2
8.4
2.3
18.5
991.5
2.4
574.7
4.1
8.1
15.9
2.0
8.7
6.7
20.4
42.1
0.4
1.8
2.6
24.6
179.1
79.7
7.6
22.8
1.2
5.3
5.8
23.7
3.1
20.3
50.5
32.7
5.6
344.2
231.3
1.1
28.0
6.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.9
2.7
16.7
0.0
0.0
0.4
44.9
2.3
186.1
4.7
1.9
3.7
4.3
5.2
1.2
6.6
12.0
1.3
6.4
63.2
16.7
2.5
3.1
0.8
13.3
3.8
2.3
4.8
6.1
19.0
3.3
1269.7
57.8
2.0
2.6
15.0
3.6
8.9
6.3
8.6
50.0
0.2
2.0
15.9
89.5
55.1
14.7
8.2
2.3
53.1
5.4
24.5
0.6
5.5
57.9
778.3
1.6
12.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.3
0.9
0.6
0.0
364.1
364.1
0.0
46.5
37.9
1.9
6.8
122.3
122.3
0.0
-
85.8
81.4
0.7
3.7
171.6
168.1
0.8
2.7
7.5
7.3
0.0
0.2
3019.8
2320.2
428.4
195.8
27.2
48.2
187.3
38.1
11.4
43.1
0.1
0.2
57.1
37.4
261.1
63.2
1.6
171.4
2.5
22.4
491.7
439.7
45.6
0.2
5.8
0.5
1771.9
1333.3
9.9
355.5
4.1
42.9
26.3
82.2
74.8
5.6
1.8
251.7
0.0
244.8
3.4
3.4
24.1
1.8
12.8
1.9
0.0
7.7
69.4
0.1
68.7
0.5
11.9
1.7
7.1
0.8
2.3
132.1
12.7
110.7
2.2
6.4
5.6
5.5
0.0
0.0
74.1
0.2
65.6
8.3
22.0
13.4
8.6
69.4
62.0
7.4
15.1
12.5
0.9
1.7
7.2
0.1
1.1
6.0
0.1
0.1
-
5215.0
854.7
866.4
790.7
3352.4
107.6


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1516.4
324.6
32.8
12.9
0.4
24.2
0.2
2.9
12.5
4.6
88.3
7.9
2.5
17.0
981.7
4.0
586.0
4.4
7.4
10.4
2.6
8.1
6.7
19.0
46.3
0.6
2.0
2.3
25.0
187.0
88.3
5.5
26.0
0.7
5.9
4.8
24.4
3.2
22.9
43.4
32.9
6.4
367.1
243.6
0.0
1.5
30.4
6.8
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.9
2.0
11.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
53.4
3.4
186.0
4.6
1.9
3.5
4.3
4.9
1.2
6.7
11.5
1.5
6.2
63.8
17.0
2.5
3.1
0.8
14.1
0.0
3.9
2.1
4.5
6.1
18.7
3.2
1259.4
59.6
2.0
2.2
8.7
4.3
7.5
5.5
9.3
52.6
0.3
1.8
17.0
94.3
60.9
14.7
8.7
1.2
53.0
4.4
27.2
0.4
5.9
53.0
763.5
1.3
12.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.6
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
370.7
370.5
0.2
48.6
38.8
2.0
7.8
131.3
131.2
0.0
0.1
90.4
86.4
0.7
3.2
167.2
163.1
0.9
3.2
5.8
5.6
0.3
3221.8
2466.4
454.4
223.8
23.9
53.3
218.2
51.0
12.3
49.8
0.1
0.1
59.3
45.6
288.8
53.1
1.6
197.0
3.7
33.3
540.8
484.0
50.3
0.1
5.7
0.6
1927.2
1459.4
10.6
377.0
3.4
43.8
33.0
79.3
71.7
5.8
1.8
254.3
0.0
247.7
3.2
3.4
24.8
1.7
13.5
1.8
0.0
7.7
66.4
0.1
65.9
0.5
11.4
1.7
6.7
0.7
2.3
138.0
13.4
116.4
2.1
6.1
4.8
4.8
0.0
0.0
78.2
0.2
69.9
8.1
25.6
14.9
10.8
72.0
64.6
7.4
16.5
13.8
0.9
1.8
7.9
0.1
1.2
6.6
0.1
0.1
-
5441.5
903.3
925.6
845.0
3499.7
102.6


(million tonnes)
Total OECD
Australia(1)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan(1)
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand(1)
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Non-OECD Europe
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Asia
Hong Kong, China
India(1)
Indonesia
DPR of Korea
Taipei, Chinese
Other Asia
Egypt
Israel
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Latin America
Brazil
Colombia
Other Latin America
Total World
End-use sectors
Steel
Power and
industry
heat plants
Households
Production
Imports
Exports
1532.1
325.4
0.0
32.8
12.7
0.3
19.1
0.1
2.8
11.5
4.7
84.3
7.3
2.6
18.1
1007.2
3.3
582.7
4.1
7.4
11.1
2.3
7.6
5.7
21.3
45.4
0.7
1.9
2.5
25.1
184.2
99.6
4.3
21.2
0.6
10.3
3.8
21.0
2.9
19.5
43.9
30.9
5.6
389.9
252.2
0.0
1.2
31.5
6.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
2.6
8.5
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.6
73.7
3.3
184.7
4.6
1.9
2.9
4.3
5.0
1.2
6.7
11.3
1.4
5.9
59.9
18.8
2.5
3.1
0.7
13.3
0.0
3.6
2.1
5.9
6.1
20.7
3.0
1351.3
60.0
1.7
2.0
6.0
3.5
6.7
3.7
8.5
47.3
0.3
1.7
16.9
90.2
68.7
10.8
8.2
2.0
48.9
4.0
18.9
0.3
6.2
48.3
885.4
1.1
15.8
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.3
3.9
0.7
0.0
388.6
388.5
0.0
55.7
45.9
2.2
7.5
145.0
145.0
0.0
0.0
81.2
78.3
0.7
2.2
173.4
169.0
0.9
3.5
6.5
6.3
0.2
3533.6
2734.4
488.6
235.1
25.1
50.4
219.1
40.3
11.3
59.0
0.1
0.2
58.0
50.1
273.9
45.3
1.7
202.6
2.6
21.7
562.0
502.9
51.7
0.2
5.9
1.4
2001.0
1503.8
9.7
405.5
3.8
42.2
36.0
92.9
85.2
5.8
1.9
258.8
0.0
252.3
3.0
3.5
23.2
1.7
12.8
1.3
0.0
7.4
60.6
0.1
60.0
0.5
10.3
1.7
6.1
0.7
1.9
133.9
12.7
113.1
2.0
6.2
5.5
5.5
0.0
0.0
81.0
0.4
73.5
7.1
26.6
15.3
11.2
73.8
67.8
6.0
16.9
13.9
1.0
2.0
9.5
0.2
1.1
8.2
0.1
0.1
-
5794.0
907.2
943.2
855.1
3669.1
120.8

BRAZIL
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
3.6
5.3
-0.4
5.1
8.6
0.7
2.8
11.3
-0.2
2.9
14.0
0.0
3.7
14.8
0.1
3.5
15.2
-0.0
-0.1
3.4
16.1
-0.0
-0.1
3.8
16.9
-0.0
-1.0
-2.5
7.9
x
1.8
2.3
x
Primary supply
8.5
14.4
13.8
16.9
18.6
18.6
19.4
19.6
5.0
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.3
-4.0
-6.1
-6.7
-8.0
-9.7
-8.2
-8.5
-9.0
5.2
1.7

-1.3
-1.0
-0.3
-2.0
-1.5
-0.5
-2.1
-1.4
-0.7
-2.5
-1.9
-0.6
-4.6
-3.3
-1.3
-4.1
-2.7
-1.5
-4.2
-2.8
-1.5
-4.7
-2.5
-2.1
5.3
3.6
10.3
4.5
3.3
6.4
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.0
-2.8
-2.2
-0.6
-
-4.2
-3.4
-0.8
-
-4.5
-3.4
-1.1
-
-5.5
-4.6
-1.0
-
-5.1
-4.6
-0.6
-
-4.1
-3.8
-0.3
-
-4.3
-4.0
-0.3
-
-4.3
-4.0
-0.3
-
5.1
4.5
7.3
-
-0.3
0.9
-7.3
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.4
-0.8
-0.8
-0.9
-0.8
-0.8
-0.9
-0.4
6.1
-3.4
Losses
-0.9
-1.5
-0.9
-1.0
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.4
3.3
6.1
5.5
7.0
7.7
8.9
9.4
9.5
5.2
3.1
Iron and steel

Chemical
3.1
2.5
0.0
0.4
0.1
5.8
3.7
0.2
1.4
0.2
5.4
3.8
0.1
0.9
0.2
6.9
5.4
0.2
0.6
0.1
7.5
6.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
8.7
7.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
9.2
7.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
9.3
7.6
0.1
0.2
0.1
5.5
4.2
47.6
7.2
8.3
3.1
4.0
0.3
-8.4
-3.5
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
0.0
-12.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
-0.9
1.7
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
(2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven
(2) gas and blast furnace gas).
(5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.
and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace
gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using
calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information.
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries
BRAZIL
Hard coal imports by origin*
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
3547
8049
10146
11790
14833
13699
14800
17674
14877
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
3503
164
600
15
2724
-
7958
958
899
861
5240
-
9801
1291
1108
1249
5219
-
11438
3448
625
790
5498
-
10695
5247
1382
4066
-
9396
3501
1944
3523
128
10330
3571
1234
4888
135
11312
3866
939
5437
97
8947
3483
728
4736
-
254
670
10
85
932
39
21
300
-
125
133
244
-
664
166
19
1
123
44
11
-
91
13
78
-
345
158
98
5
5
79
-
352
140
37
13
-
4138
18
2
-
4303
32
660
644
4470
1359
45
214
169
6362
29
846
350
199
5930
756
211
2548
-
33
-
62
100
-
585
149
468
1919
997
-
366
426
211
249
514
226
450
429
96
139
476
145
752
73
755
343
-
230
1207
70
1530
570
31
1096
160
44
1326
202
296
565
26

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

(3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries.
* In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data
* reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with
* data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice.
Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.
BULGARIA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
7.4
6.1
-0.1
7.5
7.4
-
7.7
5.5
-0.1
0.1
7.6
3.5
-0.0
-0.2
6.2
3.5
-0.2
-0.2
6.0
3.7
-0.0
0.3
6.9
4.4
-0.0
-0.0
6.9
4.6
-0.0
-0.8
0.4
-1.0
x
-0.6
-1.0
-6.1
x
Primary supply
13.4
15.0
13.2
10.9
9.2
9.9
11.2
10.7
-0.2
-1.2
-0.0
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-8.3
-8.5
-10.6
-9.0
-7.7
-8.5
-9.9
-9.7
2.5
-0.5

-7.7
-7.4
-0.2
-7.8
-7.6
-0.3
-10.2
-9.4
-0.7
-8.2
-7.3
-0.9
-7.1
-6.8
-0.2
-8.1
-7.8
-0.2
-9.3
-9.1
-0.2
-9.6
-9.5
-0.0
2.9
2.5
11.6
-0.3
0.1
-16.0
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Energy ind. own use
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
-0.6
0.0
-0.5
-0.2
-
-0.7
-0.1
-0.4
-0.2
-
-0.5
-0.0
-0.0
-0.4
-
-0.8
-0.0
-0.5
-0.3
-
-0.7
-0.0
-0.4
-0.3
-
-0.4
0.1
-0.4
-0.1
-
-0.5
-0.1
-0.3
-0.1
-
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.0
-
-3.1
-21.1
7.1
-
-6.5
7.7
-17.2
-
-0.2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-2.8
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
5.1
6.5
2.3
1.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.9
-7.6
-5.0
3.6
0.5
-
5.2
0.7
-
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
-
0.9
0.6
0.1
0.1
-
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
-
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.2
-
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.2
-
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.2
-
-10.2
3.6
-
-3.8
-7.6
-1.6
4.3
-
0.0
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.1
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
-3.1
-2.2
-6.8
-5.2
-6.7
BULGARIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
6201
8054
5790
3453
1184
1744
4268
4913
3080
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
1921
-
1553
29
-
1100
44
-
1734
177
542
5
536
140
298
-
10
1
8
-
667
35
544
-
419
318
28
14
4
-
1921
-
1524
-
156
900
-
100
110
800
-
98
-
1
-
34
32
22
56
13
4
9
1
-
4280
-
6501
-
4690
-
1719
5
4
648
-
1734
66
100
38
-
3601
88
4494
30
3066
1
12
4280
-
6501
-
4690
-
60
1010
640
-
285
363
-
858
623
49
70
890
2099
319
135
33
1280
2735
372
44
1180
1829
44

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
443.9
1.5
-6.0
7.1
584.4
1.7
-7.4
-18.9
748.4
1.5
-17.3
22.3
965.4
1.2
-35.0
-2.7
927.5
2.1
-65.1
29.1
1636.2
21.3
-79.0
-24.8
1874.5
39.7
-64.5
-13.8
2075.6
31.6
-54.3
-43.8
5.4
-0.0
11.1
x
5.8
18.5
6.6
x
Primary supply
446.5
559.8
754.9
928.8
893.6
1553.7
1835.8
2009.1
5.4
5.6
-15.6
-15.7
-36.7
43.1
9.9
9.2
43.7
31.8
-115.5
-146.8
-247.3
-415.2
-491.1
-963.9
-1219.2
-1249.8
7.9
9.4
-88.7
-88.2
-0.5
-122.4
-121.8
-0.6
-209.8
-208.6
-1.2
-350.4
-347.9
-2.5
-450.1
-445.7
-4.4
-855.3
-845.7
-9.5
-1069.1
-1058.1
-11.0
-1101.0
-1090.2
-10.8
9.0
9.0
9.5
9.6
9.6
12.9

Autoproducers
Gas works
-1.1
-0.7
-3.2
-5.4
-5.9
-9.5
-10.6
-9.3
11.0
6.2
-25.7
-17.0
-8.7
-
-23.8
-17.6
-6.2
-
-34.3
-26.6
-7.7
-
-59.4
-49.6
-9.8
-0.1
-35.1
-32.6
-2.4
-0.1
-99.2
-81.6
-14.5
-3.1
-139.5
-110.9
-25.6
-3.0
-139.5
-110.0
-27.1
-2.5
2.9
4.6
-1.2
-
8.1
8.2
7.3
-
Energy ind. own use
-4.5
-8.3
-21.3
-39.6
-44.8
-66.6
-72.8
-84.7
16.8
8.0
-0.1
310.9
388.9
449.6
517.0
367.4
532.5
587.6
706.3
3.8
2.5
194.6
53.8
42.1
32.5
5.5
223.8
36.1
31.1
59.4
8.5
253.0
43.4
31.7
70.4
10.0
350.8
74.2
61.3
95.5
14.0
260.4
73.1
40.9
74.3
8.9
398.8
146.9
40.1
121.0
12.2
454.9
186.1
47.9
123.4
12.3
551.7
201.9
63.5
167.8
17.0
2.7
-2.1
-2.8
8.0
6.2
4.4
8.9
3.9
4.9
3.0
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
13.6
15.8
14.1
9.1
7.8
5.8
4.7
4.7
0.4
-6.0
102.7
3.2
80.7
137.6
4.9
106.7
155.1
8.6
116.9
137.5
7.9
100.5
86.8
7.2
60.3
96.3
7.4
65.9
92.0
7.3
61.1
106.6
13.2
68.9
4.2
10.3
3.8
-2.1
2.4
-2.9
11.7
27.4
19.7
12.4
31.6
36.0
43.3
2.6

(thousand tonnes)
Hard coal
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
2440
2307
2003
1635
2119
26173
47625
45616
136957
200
200
-
900
600
300
-
354
248
106
547
547
-
7195
4422
1239
179
6215
2285
221
366
10269
1435
560
10
186
34731
22964
3260
512
244
61
1294
419
60
14
2850
4160
214
3704
1814
1911
4026
2440
-
2107
-
1103
-
1281
1064
-
1572
1034
-
18978
2307
12
796
41410
2234
456
35347
2547
179
128
-
102226
21638
833
1
292
65
2440
2107
1103
171
46
-
141
325
72
-
2260
791
11469
1343
10277
208
11
24611
3613
11634
546
20
16906
3387
37851
732
9773
1
24078
6962


Coking coal exports by destination
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
300
2500
4000
4555
6470
5260
3006
4652
1463
300
300
-
1211
1211
-
1302
1301
1
-
3312
63
63
2201
985
-
5989
3631
2358
-
4984
3279
1627
78
-
2656
1456
1200
-
3516
10
2178
1033
191
104
-
1388
184
969
235
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other Eastern Europe
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
1289
400
889
-
2698
100
400
2198
-
1243
57
48
125
2
1011
-
481
21
360
100
-
276
266
10
-
350
74
56
220
-
1136
664
216
256
-
75
75
-
Non-Specified/Other
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)

(2) Australia, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic and Switzerland.

Steam coal exports by destination
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
2820
5270
13280
24062
48578
66413
50677
42718
21331
534
21
513
-
2663
112
29
46
9
2427
1
34
5
6879
292
57
100
1776
8
310
3258
838
152
4
8
69
7
17482
406
956
57
455
7717
7362
449
80
-
33172
109
114
452
228
383
12585
18760
2
146
36
199
43
107
8
-
37205
297
70
8
79
15947
18481
8
148
24
184
1736
163
60
-
35455
170
187
14159
18579
49
10
2280
21
-
29073
134
254
11407
16118
11
1057
24
68
15442
2
6206
8950
1
11
2
62
205
3
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
2286
2286
-
2607
700
1907
-
6401
1708
4693
-
6580
29
3988
1469
264
13
103
714
-
15406
585
9076
1963
1562
36
2182
2
-
29164
293
20992
993
3492
2
138
3
3186
65
-
15222
208
12691
673
482
23
1142
3
13645
168
10831
475
790
128
1252
1
5889
4
4872
122
12
3
876
-
44
Non-Specified/Other

CHINESE TAIPEI
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2.3
4.5
-0.0
-1.2
1.6
9.5
-0.0
-0.8
0.4
17.5
-0.0
-1.6
0.2
27.2
-2.6
0.1
41.4
-0.0
1.2
55.2
-0.0
-0.6
59.9
-0.0
-0.2
58.4
-0.1
-1.0
-15.6
14.7
13.6
x
6.9
7.2
x
Primary supply
5.6
10.3
16.3
24.8
42.7
54.5
59.7
57.3
11.3
7.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.9
-1.7
-0.4
-0.5
-1.1
-2.4
-6.1
-10.1
-17.1
-32.1
-43.7
-47.0
-45.0
15.5
8.7

-2.2
-2.2
-
-5.2
-4.8
-0.4
-8.4
-7.3
-1.2
-15.5
-12.6
-2.9
-29.9
-22.7
-7.2
-41.6
-31.5
-10.1
-44.5
-33.6
-10.9
-42.9
-33.1
-9.9
14.3
12.6
-
9.5
8.8
12.7
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.2
-0.2
-
-1.0
-0.9
-0.1
-
-1.7
-1.4
-0.2
-
-1.6
-1.4
-0.1
-
-2.3
-2.0
-0.2
-
-2.1
-2.0
-0.1
-
-2.5
-2.3
-0.2
-
-2.1
-1.8
-0.3
-
24.8
2.4
-
1.3
1.2
1.9
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
-0.3
-0.9
-1.3
-1.9
-2.2
-2.6
-2.2
39.8
5.4
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
3.1
3.6
5.1
5.6
6.9
8.1
9.7
9.0
5.0
3.2
Iron and steel

Chemical
3.0
1.2
0.2
1.2
0.1
3.5
0.7
0.4
2.2
0.1
4.9
1.0
1.0
2.5
0.3
5.3
1.1
1.4
2.4
0.4
6.7
1.8
2.6
2.0
0.3
7.8
1.8
3.2
2.3
0.4
9.3
1.9
4.8
2.1
0.3
8.8
1.9
4.4
2.1
0.3
5.0
-1.8
16.1
7.4
11.3
3.3
3.5
8.8
-1.2
1.1
Transport(6)
0.0
Other(7)
Residential
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-
0.0
-
0.0
-
-23.3
-
Non-energy use
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
28.4
-0.1
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
CHINESE TAIPEI
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
1386
10092
18468
28681
45503
60370
68921
66133
60278
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
1386
918
263
205
-
2562
1837
475
250
-
4237
2749
1050
438
-
4580
3451
693
336
-
6093
3524
1232
-
5211
4778
136
47
-
7585
6302
-
5884
4955
856
71
-
3352
2806
379
77
-
100
-
1337
-
3
112
17
118
1283
-
2
-
90
-
7530
3400
2800
-
14231
3800
3677
-
24101
6321
2442
-
39410
12474
514
1290
55159
15342
261
21
61336
21019
1126
141
60249
21110
563
43
56926
23142
545
3
100
1230
-
529
625
5600
-
3893
6203
5073
106
63
-
8371
13740
2873
78
70
18942
18430
329
1226
133
475
13271
23721
566
1330
48
114
11293
25949
1163
38
90
4616
24271
2279
1939
39
92

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

COLOMBIA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
3.9
-0.1
0.1
8.1
-3.0
-0.9
19.8
-12.6
-2.8
23.8
-17.1
-1.6
35.5
-33.0
1.3
54.8
0.0
-49.8
-1.2
64.9
-60.0
-1.5
68.3
-62.9
-1.3
17.8
57.9
x
7.1
9.3
x
3.8
4.3
4.4
5.1
3.8
3.9
3.4
4.0
1.5
-0.5
-0.3
-0.2
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.5
0.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.3
-2.4
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.6
4.6
-2.1

-0.7
-0.4
-0.3
-1.1
-0.8
-0.3
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
-1.7
-1.2
-0.5
-0.8
-0.7
-0.1
-1.0
-0.8
-0.2
-1.2
-1.0
-0.2
-1.1
-0.9
-0.2
8.2
9.5
6.2
-1.6
-0.3
-5.1
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.8
-0.6
-0.3
-
-0.9
-0.6
-0.3
-
-0.8
-0.6
-0.2
-
-0.7
-0.6
-0.1
-
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
-
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
-
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
-
-0.5
-0.4
-0.1
-
0.5
1.1
-0.8
-
-3.0
-2.5
-4.6
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.1
0.7
0.9
Losses
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.7
3.2
2.5
2.2
2.3
1.7
0.0
Iron and steel

Chemical
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.2
1.8
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.3
2.1
0.1
0.1
1.2
0.3
2.5
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.4
3.1
0.6
0.2
1.2
0.5
2.4
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.4
2.1
0.5
0.1
0.8
0.3
2.2
0.5
0.1
0.8
0.4
2.2
-1.3
-1.9
2.9
2.8
0.2
7.9
1.9
-2.0
1.5
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-11.8
Other(7)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-2.6
-2.6
-3.9
-3.9
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
COLOMBIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
100
93
128
1062
159
202
373
318
82
50
1
49
-
82
76
6
-
657
420
30
1
158
10
38
-
8
8
-
202
9
61
132
-
240
86
114
40
-
77
77
-
82
24
58
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
100
100
-
43
43
-
46
46
-
405
405
-
151
151
-
133
133
-
241
166
75
-
Non-Specified/Other

COLOMBIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
50
3073
13377
17212
33565
53609
67154
73564
69372
1487
51
332
347
2
19
180
150
134
183
89
-
12075
170
2077
334
2033
351
290
35
1634
390
404
108
2136
1305
808
14306
269
213
1116
203
1228
995
148
27
2450
155
727
665
2648
2483
979
30706
153
1590
819
2832
899
1694
6822
2544
908
83
4950
6412
1000
44535
499
2086
1225
2181
2873
2442
5581
2467
1946
2525
2576
17260
874
57529
1543
2402
2894
1084
158
2007
30
30
10754
2755
2361
2917
3192
24897
505
57606
152
2871
1854
64
2031
4667
2713
31
865
5676
269
1774
2551
2133
5248
24205
502
58028
1
168
1693
1973
72
2232
6592
20
1812
30
104
15307
18
146
1929
2518
2477
4472
15484
980
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
50
50
-
410
100
100
210
-
1250
600
548
29
73
-
2906
69
200
344
886
51
1356
-
2737
149
526
773
69
425
795
-
8747
279
659
4620
7
538
2644
-
9625
223
2497
3751
737
400
2017
-
15958
1212
3441
3410
2130
104
1500
773
3388
-
11344
750
4122
2549
1043
43
538
2299
-
1176
52
122
327
Non-Specified/Other

HONG KONG (CHINA)

Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
0.0
-
4.9
-
7.9
-
8.0
-
5.3
-
9.5
-
10.8
-
10.0
-
98.2
x
1.3
x
Primary supply
0.0
4.9
7.9
8.0
5.3
9.5
10.8
10.0
98.2
1.3
-0.3
0.8
0.5
0.7
-0.0
-4.5
-8.7
-8.6
-6.1
-8.8
-9.3
-8.5
122.2
-0.1
-4.5
-4.5
-
-8.7
-8.7
-
-8.6
-8.6
-
-6.1
-6.1
-
-8.8
-8.8
-
-9.3
-9.3
-
-8.5
-8.5
-
-0.1
-0.1
-

Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-8.9
-8.9
-
Energy ind. own use
Losses
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.4
1.4
-18.0
52.2
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
-
0.8
-
1.4
-
1.4
-
-18.0
-12.4
-
52.2
-
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
HONG KONG (CHINA)

(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
5523
8928
9109
6058
10823
12174
13499
12369
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
43
-
43
-
8
-
5523
1986
584
-
8928
3003
108
-
9109
2568
-
6015
276
-
10823
-
12174
36
-
13499
147
-
12369
1300
-
8
-
709
2244
-
1708
234
659
3216
-
1233
344
2192
2770
2
-
2265
2846
567
61
-
938
9825
60
-
876
11180
82
475
12877
-
122
10487
339
67
54

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

INDIA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
76.6
0.5
-0.1
-2.5
105.2
2.0
-0.1
1.4
149.6
6.0
-0.1
-3.9
186.9
12.5
-0.5
-0.7
208.9
21.1
-1.0
5.8
267.5
37.2
-1.4
-6.9
300.3
48.9
-1.1
-1.6
321.6
54.7
-2.4
-0.5
6.9
27.4
-0.9
x
4.3
13.1
22.0
x
Primary supply
74.5
108.4
151.5
198.2
234.9
296.5
346.4
373.4
7.4
5.1
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.1
-1.4
-0.4
-2.7
-36.5
-58.5
-91.5
-143.1
-187.5
-235.6
-272.3
-289.4
9.6
6.6

-30.2
-25.0
-5.2
-51.3
-44.6
-6.7
-83.2
-74.8
-8.5
-132.1
-121.2
-10.9
-176.0
-161.2
-14.9
-220.7
-202.0
-18.7
-253.6
-229.3
-24.3
-271.7
-244.2
-27.5
10.7
11.6
5.0
6.8
6.8
6.7
Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.1
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-6.3
-0.1
-5.1
-1.1
-
-7.2
-0.2
-5.1
-1.8
-
-8.3
-0.3
-5.2
-2.8
-
-11.0
-0.3
-5.7
-5.0
-
-11.4
-0.2
-8.3
-2.8
-
-14.9
-0.2
-8.3
-6.4
-
-18.6
-0.2
-8.2
-10.2
-
-17.7
-0.2
-8.0
-9.4
-
2.7
7.9
0.1
10.1
-
4.3
-0.9
2.4
7.0
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.9
-1.3
-2.4
-2.4
-1.7
-1.8
-1.8
-1.7
10.1
-1.9
39.3
50.9
59.7
54.8
47.8
57.6
71.9
79.5
4.3
1.6
21.1
8.5
1.9
5.1
1.4
31.5
9.2
2.7
6.2
1.8
41.0
12.5
3.9
9.5
2.0
38.6
15.5
4.7
9.9
2.3
35.9
13.7
3.5
12.7
1.8
43.7
20.6
2.4
12.7
1.8
51.3
24.4
2.5
14.2
1.8
52.3
22.9
2.4
13.0
1.5
6.9
3.9
7.4
6.3
3.6
1.4
3.4
-2.6
1.8
-1.7
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
7.8
6.4
3.5
0.2
-7.8
10.4
4.4
3.2
13.0
5.0
3.6
15.2
5.3
4.3
16.1
5.6
4.2
11.9
4.1
4.0
13.9
4.2
3.8
20.6
4.6
4.0
27.3
4.8
4.0
3.9
1.7
3.0
3.3
-0.5
-0.3
INDIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
220
2030
5100
12510
16565
38586
54053
59787
67744
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
220
20
200
-
1936
1936
-
5000
4665
284
51
9370
8283
187
8372
7824
11
63
16892
13973
837
92
23374
20067
58
717
751
28841
24902
1236
208
23465
20405
1
1516
777
900
474
-
603
1365
22
-
221
403
680
477
270
1790
347
26
62
149
557
21
39
94
94
-
100
100
-
3140
1
8193
2748
-
21694
1438
86
-
30679
1039
29
30946
1527
1
72
-
44279
1524
26
-
399
2740
1610
2256
1507
72
-
3152
13889
3044
33
52
685
22717
5598
611
598
20674
7766
308
12
25099
16542
99
97
150
730

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

INDONESIA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
0.3
0.0
-0.1
0.0
1.7
0.0
-1.0
-
8.8
0.6
-4.3
-
35.6
0.6
-27.8
-0.1
66.0
0.1
-50.8
-
147.2
0.1
-113.6
-0.7
225.5
0.1
-177.5
0.5
235.7
0.1
-183.8
1.0
41.8
32.6
45.9
x
20.1
-9.4
23.2
x
Primary supply
0.2
0.8
5.1
8.4
15.3
32.9
48.6
53.1
35.7
13.9
0.0
-0.3
-0.8
-2.0
2.7
-0.0
-0.1
-3.3
-4.2
-10.3
-19.3
-24.4
-23.3
71.3
11.4
-0.1
-0.1
-
-3.3
-3.3
-
-4.2
-4.2
-
-10.3
-10.3
-
-19.3
-19.3
-
-24.3
-24.3
-
-23.3
-23.3
-
11.4
11.4
-

Autoproducers
Gas works
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
3.9
3.9
-
2.0
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.4
0.9
2.2
7.6
13.6
24.2
29.7
15.7
21.3
Iron and steel

Chemical
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
-
0.3
0.0
0.3
-
0.9
0.0
0.8
-
2.2
1.6
0.5
7.6
2.0
0.7
13.6
4.5
1.0
24.2
5.7
1.3
29.7
6.0
1.1
16.9
3.3
26.3
-
21.3
11.5
-
Transport(6)
0.0
0.0

Residential
0.0
-
Non-energy use
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
Losses
(5)
Industry
Other(7)
INDONESIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
103
286
2411
4254
10800
31463
29575
29481
103
103
-
286
240
46
-
2411
2153
44
214
-
4254
3604
209
441
-
10357
44
359
9842
46
66
20088
72
1067
13538
1180
66
2397
584
969
215
23219
634
17211
2863
287
417
199
1472
136
19500
73
17896
1531
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
443
218
36
168
21
-
11303
110
1698
1826
699
2083
4746
71
70
6356
4109
1790
327
65
65
-
9981
6814
3167
-
Non-Specified/Other
72

INDONESIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
32
978
4574
28908
54480
118396
167650
173020
200166
306
306
-
891
6
38
663
33
133
18
11024
18
285
65
172
31
5998
1795
855
881
86
748
90
26318
105
133
1637
13101
4825
2700
7
70
2793
627
320
44704
6
306
109
80
2422
19511
12885
1076
119
3146
1772
1884
1388
69431
328
88
15
89
7515
20774
26500
1879
243
3894
1280
3671
3155
71474
270
194
142
5966
26600
25332
132
1555
3588
2183
2264
3248
66457
65
13
1
32
5797
15718
31867
63
3385
4844
1412
2088
1172
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
32
32
-
672
672
-
3683
70
105
546
660
110
2192
-
17866
123
719
336
5556
4481
1800
4582
269
-
28162
468
906
142
11786
2816
3373
8032
567
72
-
59346
146
889
1008
19132
9826
11657
155
16004
449
53
15
12
96262
156
1588
10157
24598
10958
23930
73
23228
1498
76
101546
430
11459
25960
12651
20674
3735
65
69
25879
426
63
135
133676
868
31649
18369
10715
35734
36
34576
1323
100
306
18
14346
1957
33
Non-Specified/Other

ISRAEL**
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
0.0
-0.0
2.8
-0.1
0.0
3.5
-0.2
0.0
6.2
-0.5
0.0
8.6
0.6
0.0
11.0
-0.5
0.0
11.6
-0.2
0.0
10.9
0.1
112.6
x
1.9
6.6
x
Primary supply
0.0
2.6
3.3
5.8
9.2
10.6
11.5
11.1
125.9
7.0
0.0
-0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.5
0.1
-0.2
-0.0
-2.6
-3.2
-5.8
-8.9
-11.1
-11.5
-10.9
136.8
7.0
-2.6
-2.6
-
-3.2
-3.2
-
-5.8
-5.8
-
-8.9
-8.9
-0.0
-11.1
-11.1
-0.0
-11.5
-11.5
-0.0
-10.9
-10.9
-0.0
7.0
6.9
-
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes

Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
Energy ind. own use
Losses
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.2
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
0.0
-
0.0
-
0.0
-
0.0
-
45.2
-
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
** The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by
the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under
the terms of international law.
ISRAEL
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
3063
3998
7090
9636
12684
12585
13072
12642
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
50
50
-
153
26
127
-
125
125
-
304
304
-
3063
577
421
-
3948
528
539
-
6937
695
610
-
9636
1228
480
-
12684
1361
6
-
12460
513
-
12768
519
328
-
12642
1046
-
100
1965
-
548
2333
-
161
886
161
4424
-
1992
1416
4520
-
1
5509
5807
-
4929
7018
-
3410
3735
3720
1056
-
4278
6829
489
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

KAZAKHSTAN
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
82.9
6.8
-32.6
-
53.1
1.5
-13.3
-
48.8
1.0
-18.4
0.3
54.4
1.4
-16.2
0.2
61.4
1.0
-18.9
0.5
69.8
0.8
-27.4
-0.0
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
x
-1.0
-11.1
-1.0
x
Primary supply
..
..
57.1
41.3
31.6
39.8
44.1
43.2
-1.5
..
..
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.1
..
..
-34.5
-24.6
-23.3
-27.9
-32.5
-30.2
-0.7

Autoproducers
..
..
..
..
..
..
-34.4
-34.4
-
-23.9
-23.9
-
-20.9
-20.9
-
-25.8
-25.8
-
-30.0
-30.0
-
-27.9
-27.9
-
-1.2
-1.2
-
Gas works
..
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.1
-0.1
-
-0.7
-0.7
-
-2.4
-2.5
0.0
-2.1
-2.1
0.0
-2.5
-2.5
-
-2.3
-2.3
-
18.2
18.2
-
..
..
Energy ind. own use
..
..
Losses
..
..
-0.1
-1.3
-1.3
-0.7
..
..
22.5
16.7
8.2
10.5
10.4
12.4
-3.3
Iron and steel

Chemical
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.5
1.2
-
16.7
2.3
-
7.2
2.2
-
9.6
2.3
-
9.5
2.5
-
11.6
2.1
-
-3.6
3.2
-
Transport(6)
..
..
Other(7)
Residential
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Non-energy use
..
..
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
(5)
Industry
KAZAKHSTAN
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
3277
1209
668
31
2898
73
267
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
96
-
15
-
92
4
15
-
3277
-
1113
30
-
668
-
31
-
2898
-
58
-
267
-
3277
-
1037
46
-
2
480
186
31
-
2898
-
58
-
267
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

KAZAKHSTAN
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
1999
291
2311
161
473
9
9
-
68
14
13
10
31
-
1
1
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
1990
14
1959
10
7
-
2311
2311
-
93
93
-
473
473
-
Non-Specified/Other
291

KAZAKHSTAN
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
53210
18769
25300
21308
25587
27068
22245
116
39
4
73
-
50
2
26
7
15
-
448
27
7
22
5
382
3
2
254
19
235
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
53210
53210
-
18769
18226
16
527
-
25300
24080
1220
-
21192
21192
-
25537
25537
-
26620
2
25809
809
-
21518
21518
-
Non-Specified/Other
473

ROMANIA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
11.6
6.4
-
14.7
7.3
-
12.4
6.4
-0.3
11.3
4.4
-0.3
0.1
8.0
2.7
-0.0
-0.1
8.3
4.0
-0.0
0.1
9.6
4.6
-0.1
-0.3
9.6
3.4
-0.0
0.1
0.7
0.1
x
-1.4
-3.5
x
Primary supply
17.9
22.0
18.5
15.4
10.6
12.4
13.9
13.1
0.3
-1.9
-0.3
-0.7
-0.1
-0.3
-0.1
-0.3
-0.6
-0.5
-9.6
-13.6
-13.6
-12.7
-9.2
-10.0
-11.4
-10.9
3.6
-1.3

-6.7
-6.7
-
-10.0
-7.5
-2.6
-11.3
-9.2
-2.0
-10.9
-10.7
-0.2
-8.0
-7.7
-0.3
-8.5
-7.5
-1.0
-9.8
-8.9
-0.9
-9.7
-8.9
-0.8
5.3
3.2
-
-0.8
-0.2
-4.9
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-2.9
-0.5
-2.6
-0.1
0.4
-3.6
-0.5
-3.0
-0.5
0.4
-2.4
-0.2
-1.9
-0.3
0.1
-1.8
-1.3
-0.5
-
-1.2
-0.9
-0.4
-
-1.5
-1.3
-0.2
-
-1.6
-1.2
-0.4
-
-1.2
-0.9
-0.3
-
-1.9
-6.9
-3.0
9.2
-9.5
-3.8
-4.4
-0.5
-
Energy ind. own use
-0.1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
Losses
-0.2
-0.2
-0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
8.1
7.7
4.5
2.0
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.3
-5.7
-6.5
4.9
3.8
-
4.8
4.0
-
3.1
2.5
0.2
0.1
-
1.9
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.6
1.3
0.2
0.1
-
1.4
1.2
0.2
0.1
-
1.3
1.0
0.2
0.1
-
-4.4
-4.2
-
-4.9
-5.0
-1.5
1.4
-
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.5
2.9
0.6
1.3
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
-8.4
5.2
-15.5
-14.6
0.0
0.0
ROMANIA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
4669
6048
4981
4681
2521
2717
4756
3809
383
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
3600
675
673
-
4000
595
1051
-
3600
1200
12
100
1188
12
4675
513
57
2
147
98
1437
222
2370
62
678
-
1577
547
-
2898
452
1279
-
2412
145
70
1077
-
328
17
292
-
2252
-
2354
-
400
500
200
-
124
1741
97
294
1630
-
1030
-
852
275
40
-
75
1045
-
19
-
1069
-
2048
-
1381
33
16
11
-
6
2
-
151
-
1140
230
-
1858
82
285
2
1397
216
74
16
55
-
1069
-
2048
-
1321
-
3
1
-
69
31
51
-
832
78
-
35
1390
61
3
104
824
145
18
2
53
-

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
274.9
50.1
-57.7
5.7
186.7
20.0
-26.8
4.6
183.6
22.0
-36.4
2.2
224.9
19.5
-79.7
-3.8
232.8
20.3
-92.9
-1.7
238.8
26.9
-91.9
-6.6
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
x
-0.8
-3.4
2.6
x
Primary supply
..
..
273.0
184.5
171.4
160.9
158.5
167.2
-2.7
..
..
6.0
5.7
-4.0
-3.9
-2.7
-12.9
..
..
-181.8
-143.2
-138.0
-136.7
-131.2
-127.5
-2.0

Autoproducers
..
..
..
..
..
..
-149.9
-124.2
-25.7
-115.6
-88.1
-27.5
-114.1
-80.6
-33.5
-109.8
-74.6
-35.2
-108.2
-73.6
-34.7
-107.7
-77.8
-29.9
-1.8
-2.6
0.8
Gas works
..
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-31.9
-1.5
-19.4
-10.9
-
-27.6
-0.6
-16.7
-10.3
-
-23.8
-0.0
-14.0
-9.8
-
-26.9
-0.0
-16.1
-10.8
-
-23.0
-0.0
-16.9
-6.1
-
-19.8
0.0
-17.5
-2.3
-
-2.6
-0.6
-8.3
-
..
..
Energy ind. own use
..
..
-0.8
-0.7
-0.8
-0.8
-1.8
-3.1
7.9
Losses
..
..
-18.3
-9.4
-1.6
..
..
78.2
37.0
26.9
19.5
22.8
23.8
-6.4
Iron and steel

Chemical
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.8
15.1
0.6
0.5
-
19.8
15.3
0.5
0.9
-
11.6
7.9
0.1
0.8
-
10.4
8.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
15.8
12.8
0.7
1.5
-
14.5
11.1
0.8
1.6
-
-2.0
-1.7
1.3
7.0
-
Transport(6)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Other(7)
Residential
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.4
29.4
17.0
17.2
1.2
11.7
14.2
0.6
12.8
8.1
3.8
4.0
6.6
2.8
3.7
8.9
4.5
4.3
-9.8
-9.9
-7.3
Non-energy use
..
..
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.0
0.4
0.4
14.6
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
31573
8693
6704
9981
14921
15501
11235
10503
608
1532
463
177
480
131
5482
1200
337
93
-
6133
161
111
67
431
84
857
3505
571
156
158
32
-
1504
91
132
462
736
72
11
-
4189
31
94
157
219
234
2454
626
223
35
116
5640
81
400
24
69
328
2800
697
39
7
161
41
580
388
25
5403
6
39
598
23
242
28
189
203
2323
399
74
44
53
56
29
742
210
145
4729
22
31
452
57
117
31
98
154
1109
410
465
156
14
374
391
848
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
21070
156
500
19964
150
300
-
2560
822
876
81
781
-
5200
174
1337
1525
2164
-
5792
72
160
729
4606
16
7
48
1
153
9225
139
113
632
8092
188
61
-
9197
19
88
214
3
26
1110
6412
776
549
-
6029
9
1097
145
36
4449
22
271
-
Non-Specified/Other
56
901
477

RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
24478
17570
29651
76020
85233
85907
104968
10103
234
1142
1905
777
157
324
609
2845
32
97
54
285
573
530
499
40
8296
156
871
242
122
593
215
83
201
1936
200
85
52
164
35
138
282
1249
192
1480
25585
788
1295
2449
282
928
320
1092
7041
2565
209
13
14
1340
271
5063
480
1435
56826
9
2739
453
117
827
4790
367
7333
125
132
799
8119
2446
1400
2042
3657
453
6509
12412
52
2045
65507
729
196
500
4979
931
4039
119
264
584
7807
4676
3867
3623
1299
395
11184
18307
2008
74671
132
1007
229
44
2181
4111
1216
9159
120
195
1196
8941
6436
1178
44
4619
53
2335
898
8142
20862
1573
80720
232
1909
341
59
2584
6107
1961
9284
45
369
1190
9104
5587
1947
63
6552
46
1865
359
9054
18587
3475
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
14375
6722
7653
-
9038
1010
81
114
46
697
5204
261
232
1393
-
4066
364
72
61
36
5
2175
1353
-
18898
538
1765
1002
1286
49
56
806
2235
30
8840
2245
46
19690
313
1808
359
985
164
1261
2797
80
10494
1404
25
11236
605
1636
546
913
1056
1113
2897
20
1610
840
-
23904
289
1571
10110
1127
74
70
323
12
621
8704
158
41
76
607
121
Non-Specified/Other
236
296
36
344

SOUTH AFRICA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
95.4
-27.2
-
142.5
-46.0
-
143.1
-48.0
-
168.6
0.4
-57.6
0.3
181.3
1.2
-67.0
1.6
197.7
2.0
-68.3
-
199.8
1.9
-63.0
-
203.5
1.3
-57.4
-10.6
4.1
5.8
x
2.0
1.0
x
68.1
96.5
95.1
111.6
117.1
131.3
138.7
136.9
3.4
2.0
5.8
-3.7
6.7
-3.5
-0.3
-1.5
-6.2
-4.0
-47.6
-70.1
-78.9
-86.6
-95.4
-108.3
-113.0
-112.5
5.2
2.0

-37.2
-32.1
-5.1
-44.9
-40.8
-4.1
-51.7
-48.6
-3.2
-60.2
-56.6
-3.5
-68.3
-64.4
-4.0
-75.8
-72.1
-3.7
-80.7
-77.4
-3.3
-78.5
-74.8
-3.7
3.4
4.2
-4.8
2.3
2.4
0.8
Gas works
-3.5
-3.7
-3.9
-4.5
-4.6
-5.8
-5.8
-5.3
1.2
1.7
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-3.9
-2.6
-1.3
-
-3.3
-1.9
-1.4
-
-3.2
-1.6
-1.6
-
-2.1
-1.1
-1.0
-
-1.3
-0.7
-0.6
-
-1.7
-0.7
-0.9
-
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
-
-1.1
-0.7
-0.4
-
-2.0
-4.9
2.0
-
-5.7
-4.3
-7.6
-
-3.1
-18.2
-20.1
-19.9
-21.2
-24.9
-25.3
-27.7
20.6
1.8
Energy ind. own use
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-3.5
26.2
22.6
22.8
21.5
21.5
21.5
19.5
20.4
-1.4
-0.6
20.0
9.8
2.1
-
16.0
9.4
2.0
-
15.3
8.9
1.8
-
10.7
5.6
1.5
1.5
-
11.7
5.4
1.1
1.1
-
12.7
5.8
1.8
-
11.1
5.3
0.7
-
10.8
4.8
0.7
-
-2.6
-0.9
-1.5
-
-1.9
-3.4
-4.8
-
Transport(6)
1.8
0.9
0.1
0.0
-28.0
Other(7)
Residential
3.3
1.1
2.1
3.1
1.3
1.7
3.5
1.3
2.1
4.0
1.4
2.4
2.2
0.7
1.4
6.8
2.3
4.5
6.6
2.2
4.4
7.7
2.5
5.1
0.5
1.8
-0.1
4.5
3.8
5.0
Non-energy use
1.2
2.7
4.0
6.8
7.5
2.0
1.8
1.9
13.1
-4.1
Autoproducers
Losses
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
SOUTH AFRICA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
2700
5142
4033
6305
526
814
559
599
2700
2700
-
5142
34
4586
300
21
200
1
-
3633
157
3375
100
1
-
5181
176
570
30
280
3375
750
-
379
24
48
110
129
19
38
11
814
207
465
142
-
210
85
50
75
-
519
419
100
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
400
400
-
1124
1124
-
146
110
18
11
4
3
349
349
-
80
80
-
Non-Specified/Other
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)

SOUTH AFRICA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
12689
42488
45867
53371
67001
70917
65837
61282
66322
12689
606
868
6643
1108
960
157
1861
309
3
114
26
34
33978
2078
3496
6444
3196
207
6641
4091
3700
812
104
2274
19
724
192
32994
6
4365
863
4512
1017
4884
1427
5733
1304
2112
4667
1252
356
496
39235
3641
3666
325
1395
3670
630
3653
3039
3850
3503
30
2683
7016
135
315
735
140
809
48763
2504
46
1721
5872
3979
269
4173
1661
2385
41
7564
265
2112
8403
2547
4503
50
668
54956
1757
2070
5340
8812
75
4939
155
139
6527
1926
8642
1324
12144
135
971
45858
943
2795
4008
2734
4787
440
289
12491
1554
6996
160
1315
5572
561
1213
42341
1387
1511
184
3930
5816
40
4808
50
933
826
9060
167
1346
5688
1350
3518
1727
29938
193
1088
2089
3812
69
4225
411
561
651
5660
158
1119
5024
1232
995
2651
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
7600
1000
2200
2200
2200
-
12568
900
5685
3217
2583
183
-
14136
60
810
5138
2763
490
3900
100
145
40
185
505
-
17891
1919
107
85
522
2488
486
3636
5523
1978
356
201
554
36
15454
673
522
3587
5329
2993
61
970
244
442
397
236
19938
582
347
30
410
7703
4214
1275
70
53
1804
2666
30
399
355
18941
1223
64
420
7766
3720
1193
1592
1430
133
700
700
36334
351
781
2458
273
20585
3917
306
145
256
3348
2454
71
319
1070
Non-Specified/Other
910
305
347
507
41
50
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)

UKRAINE
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
124.0
15.2
-21.7
0.8
61.1
13.7
-1.8
-
51.9
5.8
-2.6
-
49.6
6.5
-2.7
0.0
48.1
13.3
-3.3
-0.1
48.1
12.2
-4.4
2.3
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
x
-5.1
-1.2
-8.5
x
Primary supply
..
..
118.3
73.0
55.1
53.3
58.0
58.3
-3.9
..
..
-3.9
-0.9
-0.3
0.4
3.1
-0.1
..
..
-72.5
-50.4
-37.8
-33.6
-40.0
-38.8
-3.4

Autoproducers
..
..
..
..
..
..
-50.7
-48.9
-1.8
-33.1
-31.7
-1.4
-20.8
-19.8
-1.1
-20.3
-17.9
-2.4
-26.7
-24.3
-2.4
-27.7
-25.4
-2.2
-3.3
-3.6
1.3
Gas works
..
..
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-21.8
2.9
-12.6
-12.4
0.4
-17.3
0.7
-6.4
-11.3
-0.3
-17.0
0.3
-6.4
-10.7
-0.1
-13.2
0.0
-6.1
-7.1
-0.1
-13.3
0.0
-7.7
-5.5
-0.1
-11.2
0.1
-6.9
-4.2
-0.1
-3.7
-19.7
-3.3
-5.8
-
..
..
-0.1
-0.0
Energy ind. own use
..
..
-5.3
-3.5
-2.7
-3.0
-2.6
-2.6
-3.8
Losses
..
..
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
..
..
36.6
18.2
14.2
17.1
18.5
16.7
-4.3
Iron and steel

Chemical
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.7
15.6
0.3
0.0
-
11.3
8.4
0.0
-
10.4
8.1
0.0
-
12.0
10.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
14.2
12.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
12.6
10.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
-3.9
-2.2
-13.0
16.1
-
Transport(6)
..
..
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
-4.1
Other(7)
Residential
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.8
7.9
6.9
6.4
3.8
3.7
3.2
1.8
2.5
0.4
2.1
2.4
0.3
2.0
-8.1
-7.3
Non-energy use
..
..
1.8
1.7
1.6
Final consumption
(4)
(5)
Industry
UKRAINE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Hard coal
26686
15296
6606
7303
11863
10275
7873
Coking Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
19964
-
5859
4369
-
2759
595
-
6902
31
167
-
8177
-
7378
74
32
860
-
3198
11
285
3
19964
-
1490
-
2164
-
6704
-
7505
672
-
6412
-
2899
-
6722
-
9437
4722
-
3847
452
-
401
-
3686
-
2897
-
4675
53
-
6722
-
4259
456
-
2175
1220
-
11
390
-
3649
37
-
2897
-
125
4397
100

Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other
Steam Coal
Australia
Canada
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD
Colombia
Indonesia
South Africa
Other FSU (3)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Non-specified/other

UKRAINE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
8114
400
200
509
408
40
157
229
229
30
17
13
157
2
2
68
85
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
8114
8114
-
400
200
200
-
200
200
-
280
280
-
408
83
325
-
10
10
-
Non-Specified/Other

UKRAINE
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
16577
2000
2297
3157
2943
4232
5134
493
29
1
1
21
6
22
33
154
226
845
63
83
52
647
-
552
13
11
154
7
5
2
13
52
82
8
5
10
5
40
79
66
1192
5
228
27
21
16
50
271
19
149
8
105
229
1
45
18
1318
52
180
17
4
5
24
41
13
313
30
317
275
2
34
11
2096
54
137
70
2
2
26
363
452
17
292
605
39
37
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
16577
16577
-
1507
154
128
235
84
906
-
1452
1452
-
2605
16
2315
192
10
72
-
1751
1451
40
15
52
13
101
79
-
2914
31
2735
123
23
2
-
3038
246
2576
57
96
63
-
Non-Specified/Other

VENEZUELA
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
0.0
0.2
-
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.3
0.3
-1.9
-
4.2
-4.4
0.2
8.2
-8.3
0.2
7.5
-7.4
-
8.0
-7.7
-0.2
6.4
-6.2
-0.2
48.5
4.9
x
5.9
6.8
x
Primary supply
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
11.4
-13.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
6.1

Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.1
-0.1
-
-0.1
-0.1
-
-0.2
-0.1
-0.0
-
6.1
5.4
-
Energy ind. own use
Losses
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
13.9
-11.8
0.1
0.1
0.0
-
0.2
0.1
0.0
-
0.5
0.2
0.3
-
0.0
0.0
-
0.2
0.2
-
0.1
0.1
-
0.1
0.1
-
0.1
0.1
-
13.9
5.4
23.0
-
-11.8
-10.0
-
Transport(6)
Other(7)
Residential
Non-energy use
(5)
Industry
Iron and steel

Chemical
VENEZUELA
(thousand tonnes)
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
33
1834
3252
7722
7141
8335
6445
3572
1746
1
33
148
560
140
19
5
53
375
169
238
5
3152
17
29
550
193
302
79
306
198
1478
-
6988
589
441
476
1067
112
766
378
180
35
218
2726
-
6326
135
583
441
391
452
88
49
48
4139
-
6826
134
611
53
457
148
362
1156
52
260
379
64
3150
-
5322
104
26
458
81
429
51
1733
213
11
38
8
2170
-
2886
151
33
301
105
247
470
112
118
48
55
1246
-
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
33
33
-
88
88
-
100
100
-
734
79
168
71
416
-
757
460
48
249
-
1509
943
68
50
102
99
247
-
1123
837
26
260
-
686
629
57
-
58
Non-Specified/Other

VIETNAM
Coal balance*
(Mtce)
Production
Imports
Exports
Stock changes
Primary supply
Average annual
percent change
80-90 90-08
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
4.2
0.0
-0.5
-0.4
4.5
0.0
-0.5
-
3.7
0.0
-0.6
0.1
6.7
0.0
-2.3
0.3
9.3
-2.6
-0.4
25.9
0.1
-14.4
-
34.8
0.6
-25.5
4.2
31.4
0.7
-15.5
0.2
-1.1
2.1
2.1
x
12.6
23.7
19.5
x
3.2
4.0
3.2
4.7
6.2
11.6
14.1
16.8
-0.2
9.7
-1.1
-1.4
-1.3
-1.0
-1.6
-3.0
-5.2
-5.3
1.6
8.3

-1.1
-1.1
-
-1.4
-1.4
-
-1.3
-1.3
-
-1.0
-1.0
-
-1.6
-1.6
-
-3.0
-2.7
-0.4
-5.2
-4.6
-0.6
-5.3
-4.8
-0.5
1.6
1.6
-
8.3
7.7
-
Autoproducers
Gas works
BKB plants
Blast furnaces
Coke ovens
Patent fuel plants
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
-0.0
-0.0
-
7.1
7.1
-
Energy ind. own use
Losses
2.2
2.6
1.9
3.7
4.6
8.6
8.9
11.5
-1.3
10.5
Iron and steel

Chemical
1.3
0.0
-
2.1
0.0
-
1.5
0.0
-
2.8
0.0
-
3.3
-
6.8
-
7.0
-
9.4
-
0.9
5.9
-
10.9
-
Transport(6)
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
-13.9
Other(7)
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.9
0.2
0.6
1.3
0.4
0.8
1.7
0.5
1.2
1.9
0.5
1.4
2.1
0.5
1.5
-5.6
-4.8
9.3
17.5
9.5
(5)
Industry

Residential
Non-energy use
VIETNAM
(thousand tonnes)
Total Exports
Exports to:
Total OECD
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Other OECD(2)
Total Non-OECD
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
Chinese Taipei
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Morocco
Romania
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Other Africa
Other Asia
Other FSU
Other Latin America
Other Middle East
Non-Specified/Other
1978(1)
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2009e
1430
604
745
2821
3526
17987
30931
20604
25583
100
100
-
450
150
300
-
2308
93
100
2
179
3
1469
400
21
1
40
-
3203
240
100
52
2227
516
20
48
-
6062
192
155
4848
854
13
-
5572
222
87
3968
1295
-
3048
92
48
1972
916
20
-
2626
1333
1292
1
-
504
504
-
295
100
195
-
513
100
150
63
200
-
323
88
27
52
156
-
11925
388
10532
118
887
-
25359
54
381
24611
17
296
-
17556
160
372
16906
22
96
-
22957
22503
35
69
350
-
1430

Energy Data Manager / Statistician

Possible Staff Vacancies
International Energy Agency, Paris, France
The IEA
Principal Qualifications
The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts

as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in
their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean
energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis
of 1973-74, the IEAs initial role was to co-ordinate
measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its
mandate has broadened to incorporate the Three Es
of balanced energy policy making: energy security,
economic development and environmental protection.
Current work focuses on climate change policies,
market reform, energy technology collaboration and
outreach to the rest of the world, especially major
consumers and producers of energy like China, India,
Russia and the OPEC countries.
! University degree in a topic relevant to energy,

computer programming or statistics. We currently
have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics,
Information Technology, Economics, Engineering,
Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies,
Hydrology, Public Administration and Business.
The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around

30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young
people just finishing their studies or with one to two
years of work experience.
Job description
The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and
disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption
of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and
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Notes
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Notes
Notes
Notes
Notes
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Notes
Notes
Notes
Notes
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IEA member countries:

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The European Commission

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.3

Energy sources and flows ................................................................................................................................. I.11

General notes .................................................................................................................................................... I.17

PART II: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

PART III: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

World hard coal production ......................................................................................................... III.5

World hard coal consumption .................................................................................................... III.15

I.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade ................................................................................................... III.29

Japan coking coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.43

5. Coal for other uses

OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity ......................................................... III.51

World steam and coking coal production ................................................................................... III.57

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.5

PART IV: DETAILED OECD COAL DATA

Iceland ............................................................... IV.165

PART V: NON-OECD COAL DATA

Hong Kong, China ................................................ V.27

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.7

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.9

This monitoring and reporting of historical trends and

Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries

IEA Coal Information 2010 brings together in one

OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of

I.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

OECD coal balances and statistics, including itemized

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.11

In cases where data are presented in Mtoe or Mtce in

The International Coal Classification of the Economic

I.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

Furthermore, in order to improve the information base

Coke oven coke

Brown coal briquettes (BKB)

BKB are composition fuels manufactured from brown

Coke oven gas

Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of solid

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I - I.13

Blast furnace gas

Oxygen steel furnace gas

Heat and electricity

Flows: energy balance

and associated products, inputs from other fuel types

Imports and exports

Coal balances are presented in detail in Parts IV and

Total primary energy supply

Each table is divided into three main parts: the first

Both primary fuels such as coal and peat, and derived

Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of

I.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2010 Edition) PART I

! Coking coal used to manufacture coke oven coke