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University of California.
FROM THE LIBRARY OF

Dr.

martin KELLOGG.
B.

GIFT OF MRS. LOUISE

KELLOGG.

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CATALOGUE
OF

GREEK VERBS.
FOR THE USE OF COLLEGES

By

E. a.

SOPHOCLES,

A. M.

HARTFORD
H.
1844.

HUNTINGTON

"\

!"

'

-t'

5T P Entered

according to Act of Congress,

in the

year 1844, by

E. A.

Sophocles,
Court of the District of Massachusetts.

in the Clerk's Office of the District

^'
Cf

.-^

CAMBRIDGE: METCALF AND COMPANy

PRI?rTERS TO

THE UNIVERSITT,

JH

.1

PA33:?
MAj^j
WORKS REFERRED
iElianus.
Ilias.

7'^

TO.

^schines, Dobson's (Slephan.). ^schylus, Dindorf 's.

Alcaeus, Melhorn's, 1827.

Isaeus,

Dobson's (Reisk.).

Isocrates, Dobson's (Stephan.)

Longinus.
Lucianus.

Alcidamas, Dobson's (Reisk.). Anacreon, Brunck's ; also Bergk's

Lycurgus, Dobson's (Reisk).

Lysias, Dobson's (Reisk.).

Fragments, 1834. Andocides, Dobson's (Reisk.).

Anthologia Grseca, Palatini Codicis,

Moschus, Leipzig, 1825. Naumachius, Gaisford's.

Nicander.

1819.

Antiphon, Dobson's (Reisk.).

Novum Testamentum.
Odyssea.

ApoUonius
1810.

Rhodius,

Brunck's,

Oppianus.
Orphica, Hermann's.
Palaephatus, Fischer's, 1789.

Aratus, Buhle's.

Archilochus, Gaisford's.
Aristophanes, Dindorf 's.
Aristoteles, Bekker's.

Panyasis, Gaisford's.

Phocylides, Gaisford's.

Athenaeus, Leipzig, 1834.

Pindarus, Donaldson's, 1841.

Plato,

Bekker's Anecdota Graeca.

Bion, Leipzig, 1825.

variorum,

London,
generally.)

1826.

(Reference to

Brunck's Analecta.
Callimachus, Blomfield's, 1815.
Ctesias, Schweighseuser's.

Plutarchus, Wyttembach's (Moralia),

and Coray's

(Vitae).

Pythagoras, Gaisford's.

Demades, Dobson's. Demosthenes, Dobson's (Reisk.).

Dinarchus, Dobson's (Reisk.)

Sappho, Neue's, 1827.

Septuaginta Interpretes.

Simonides, Schneidewin's, 1835.

Sophocles, generally Dindorf 's.
Theocritus, Leipzig, 1825.

Diogenes Laertius.
Dionysius Halicarnasseus.
Euripides, Dindorf 's.

'

Theognis, Gaisford's.
Theophrasti
1816.

HephsBstion.

Characteres,

Ast's,

Herodes Atticus, Dobson's.

Herodotus, Schweighaeuser's.
Hesiodus, Goettling's, 1831.
Hippocrates, Linden's, 1665.

Thucydides, Arnold's.
Tyrtaeus, Gaisford's.

Xenophon, Schneider's.

Homeric Hymns.

WORKS CONSULTED.
Boeckh's

Corpus

Inscriptionum

Hesychius.
Maittaire's

Greecarura.

Budeei Commentarii Linguae Grsecse,

1548.

Matthias's

Greek Dialects, 1807. Greek Grammar.

Moeris.

Buttmann's Greek
Lexilogus.

Grammar and

Phrynichus.
Priscianus, Putchius's, 1605.

Carmichael's Greek Verbs.

Richardon's Dictionary.
Rose's Inscriptiones GrsecGB, 1825.

Clemens Alexandrinus, Poller's. Dawe's Miscellanea Critica.

Eckhel's Doctrina

Stephens's Thesaurus.

Numorum

Vete-

Sextus Empiricus.
Suidas,

rum.
Ellendt's Lexicon to Sophocles.

Thiersch's Greek

Grammar.

Etymologicum Magnum. Eustathius, Romee, 1542-1550.

Gregorius
1811.

Thomas
Vossii

Magister.

Villoison's

Corinthius,

Schasfer's,

Anecdota Grseca, 1781. Etymologicum, 1695.

-.

Webster's Dictionary, 4to.

Gruter's Corpus Inscriptionum.

>j:>jsii!

iHiy.in^t '*'. 'Ai'

REMARKS
COMMUTATION OF CERTAIN LETTERS.
1,
alphabet.

The DiGAMMA was

the sixth letter of the old Greek In most of the ancient inscriptions it is represented

by F, the same as the Roman F; hence its name digamma (dig, ya^^a), that is, two capital gammas united. Its real name is Bav, which is nothing more than Vav or Vau ()), the corresponding letter of the Oriental alphabet.
Dionysius the Halicarnassian (Roman. Antiq. I, 20) conit equivalent to the diphthong 02* or the Latin V. may suppose then that F had the sound of the English W, or the Latin V as the Romans pronounced it and that, in the time of Dionysius, the diphthong ov was sounded like French OM, or English oo, as in moon. Compare the exclamation oval, Latin vcb^ English wo or woe.
siders

We

Herodotus in diphthong 01 (if in the Scythian be nothing more

It is

one instance (4, 110) represents it by the the reading be genuine). He states that oloq
language means avr^Q, man] which seems to than the Teutonic wer^ and Latin vir.
'O'iXivg

supposed further that the proper name

was

origi-

If so, was changed into O. Pindar (Olym. 9, 167) has ^Hidda, for 'OiXioida, of the son of Oileus.
nally FtAsi;?.

Hesychius and other glossarists represent it by B or r, probably because in their time /5 was pronounced like v, and y had the Romaic sound. Most of the digammated words contained in the following list are to be found in Hesychius.
AASl, original theme
aduTOL.

aFaSI- aa^axroi,
that
is,

aXa^ug, that

is,

Compare avaxa,
arri,

FTa (uu-),
See
is,

for the

common

Find. Pyth. 2, 53; 3, 42.

also

below

3- 1' 3). ( ayvvfiL F^rSl'

^dyog,
See

Ktog,

xXaafia.

xlda/xa ocqtov, that also the following,

to

ayogr
is,

yu-

a/w

fctyoj*

pdyog, ^aadevg, aTQunmijg,

that

6 dyog.

"Z

REMARKS.

Compare Latin vagus^ vagor,

wagon, wain, vagabond. See ahg ^ttXig yuXi, ixavov.
'

veho, vagabundus,

English

avtt^

avdavta

pavwl, Dionys. Hal. Rom. Antiq. 20. ^A/iSL' /Sddofiai, ayanoj yadsdav,
1,
'

also the preceding.

j^a/^jstv

yadso),

;f^

yad slv

ydaaav,

rfdovrjv,

yddsa&aL, ^'^sa^at formed from fAJSl after the analogy of

,

x<^Qlaaa&aL

'

do^a (doxacc) from doxsco {/tOKJl). Compare yulm, yavqog, ytj&tM, Latin gaudeo, gaudium, English gay. dv7]Q FavTjQ, Dionys. Hal. Rom. Antiq. 1, 20. ysvTsg, xoiUa, the same as the Latin ynaxriQ
venter.
dsidco

FA2THP' Compare German Wanst, English Jr'^EIJl' ^diXlcov, ^dmv

TQSfioov'
rj
'

waist.

^dvXXsLV,
dsldai
is

ds-

dievaif TQSfjieLv

7]

(Sdelv.

It

seems then that

contov
'^

(Compare Arist. Plut. 693, vno ^dsco. diovg ^diovan dQifAVisgov yaXrjgl) pa^, JT^Q' y^(*Qt i'ocQ' Compare Latin vcr. iUQ, TjQ id(a pft}' e^aaov, Eaoov, aor. imperat.
nected with

pc5w yeofia, ytvfia, that is, td-j^ia, after the analogy of aa^a from adio. Compare Saxon fed-an, English feed, fed, food, fodder. p5i9^W ^saov, e&og' yn&la, ^j&tj, analogous to 8&M pTta from sTog, in the Orchomenian inscription.
Wo), to eat

ETA SI

or I/lJl ^EI/lfL or p/J ff yiadfisvai, sldivaL, for {iadvai) from ladcfii' yoldrjfii, snlata^aL, from Compare Latin video, English wit, wot, wise, wisoida.
lad(XBV(XL

dom.
si'xoai,

Doric eixaii pcrxaxt* ^sIhutl, sl'xoai. The Orchomenian inscription has fixan. Compare the Latin
viginti.
yield,

sl'xo),

give

way

pftxw*

(SsixrjXd, vwxfXrj,

uxQ^ia'

yi^ai, xmgrjaaL, that is, sl^ixi. Compare English zoeak, German schwach, weich. p:y/J2* ysXlxr], sXi^, connected siX(o, uXifo, EJTJl, sXlaaco with kXiaaot)' ysXl^uL, avved^aai, from sXlaoco yiXovjQov Compare Latin volvo (the original tXoviQov, from EJTfL. form of EATSi), volumen, English wallow, welter, German
'

EnSL VEinSL or fEHJl' yinov, slnov. The Elean inscription has fsnog for snog. Compare Latin voco, vox {oifj), English voice. pxa?* ^slxag, fiaxgdv ^sxoog, fjaxgo&ev. sxdg
EinSl
excav

walzen. or

px(w>'*

'

yexa&d,

sxovaa.

hXlaaa, see uXoi.

COMMUTATION OP CERTAIN LETTERS.

I'Axw

pare Latin
I'jLtjcj

VeJSI fsXnfo' ystig,

FsAxft),
that
is

'

ysXXuL,

tXXai, aorist infinitive.

Com-

vello, vellico,

English pull. The Potidean iXnlg.

IlEAnTJ,

kXni8\ for the

,

common

iXnlda.

monument has Compare

the English help EASly see dla.

'EASL, to take
evvvfiL

^EAfl yivxo, yivvov, ^ESl' yil&QOV, ivdv^a' yififiaTa,

'

for I'Aeto

for kXov,

Ifidna' ysoTia,

svdvaig'

yeoTQU,

OToXrj

'

yrjfia, ifiditov.

The

Etymologi-

has ^iaxov or ^ixxov, Ifidjiov. Latin vestis {ia&rig), veltrni (?) English vest.

cum Magnum

Compare

EnSl, see EIUJl. EPrSl, work fEPrSl' ya^sgyog, tqyov fiia^arog. The Elean inscription has fagyov, that is, tgyov. Compare English work {i'oQyu), German Werk. sgQO) fsgga) OV f'EPJl' /Sag g si, dnoXet' ^sggTjgf dganhrjg' ^sggsvsi, dgotnBxsvsi. The Etymologi<Jum Magnum has See also sggm in ^sgrjg, dgansxrjg /Ssgrjdsvst, dganextvsi.

'

the Catalogue.
Exog

ysxog, iviavxog' yixogi, txei. The Elean inFTca, the Orchomenian ^sxlu, for ma. Compare Latin vetus, vetustus.
scription has

FTO$"
see I'^w.
'

'EJI, to seat
'^d^og-,

fEJl

'

ytvvov,
rlXiog,

xd&i^s.
'

riXiog

^riXiog'
ysXav,

^iXa,
avyr)V

asxai

/SsXXdaBxai, -^Xko&i^' xal avyi^ Also tjXIoV ysXodvxia, '^Xiodvala.

According to Eustathius d(SiXiov, riXiov, that is, diXiov. (ad Odys. 10, 192), the Pamphylians said ^ a^ iXiog for 7]Xiog, The form d^sX-tog seems toTontain the eleor rather diXiog. ments of UnsXXoiv commonly l4;ro>lAa)v, Apollo, For^'AniXXav, see Eustath. ad II. 2, 103. laog f^iaog' ^iojg, i'oag^ axsdov yiayov, i'acv. The compound ptaoTsAtav, for iaoxiXsiav, is found in an ancient The form inscription (Rose's Inscript. Graec. tab. 45). yiayov implies that i'aog was originally fiafog. Compare olnog foixogt Diony^. Hal. Rom. Antiq. 1, 20. the Latin vicus. olrog ^oivog' yolvog, olvog. Compare Latin vinum^ English wine. OV, of him fov ylo, avxov, that is to* yw, eavrm, Idlay, aal See also Priscian (p. 546, Putsch.), aw ylv, aol, that is, Iv. IViaiogn ds pov ^(xi86g. ^godov' ^goduygoda. godov fgonaXov ^gdxaXov. For the commutation of gonaXov 71 and X, see below ( 7).

'

'

REMARKS.
the

9, 1. In many words h('). E.g.

'Msvrj, for fslEVT], Dionys.

digamma was changed

into

Hal.

Rom.

Antiq.

1,

20; Pris-

cian. p. 546, Putsch.

kansQa, saiia, Latin vespera, vesta.

^yio^ai, from ayco (F/(w)
2.
*

'lozmq,

from IJJl (flJIl).

f seems to take the place of h {' ). Thus to;;fui/ (originally ttf;^t;V) becomes ^laxvv or yiaxvv, in Hesychius. Also yiatiai, laxovgyol' yioTiSy navaofiai, both
In a few instances from
laxrjfih in

the same glossary.

its

^ 3. 1. The digamma f has T for by which we mean that when p (v, w) T {U, or 00 y as in moon). E. g.
tti'^o)

corresponding vowel,
it

is

attenuated,

becomes

(ATrJl), Latin M^eo, m^eo, we^eo. English dew. dvo, Latin <^m<?, duellum, English two, twain, twin, twice.
^fivo),

EATft,
UvQoq,

volvo, volutus.
XsLog, levis

vavg, navis,
ni(favaz(a,

navy
from

or Icevis (smooth). vsvqov, nervus, nerve.

a)AJl, originally

(2>^Fj1.

Compare

the

Pamphylian cpd^og
also the proper

for qxiog (Eustath.

ad Odys, 10, 192);

(Pris-

name JrjfiocpdFwv

for Ai]fio(pd(av

cian. p. 546).
7tv8(o, TiXsvfKov,

QBO), Qsvfia,

nvBVfiwv, Saxott hlowan, English hlow. rivus, river.

'^PTJl, EQva),

Latin se-rvo

Xv(a, so-lvo.

So auceps, from avis, capio ; monui, from moneo ; fautor, from faveo.

for

monvi

(rnonevi),

2. On the other hand, T (U) may be hardened into its corresponding consonant p (v, w). E. g. peruke, periwig,

wig;

lieutenant,

pronounced lutenant,

levtenant,

livtenant,

liftenant, &/C.

remark further, that the Romaic diphthongs av, sv, tjv, before a vowel, a liquid {I, fi, v, g), or a middle mute (/?, y, d), are pronounced essentially like av, ev, eev. In all other cases,
like
V, or
(jD,

We

i(p, Tjcp.

That

is,

v in these diphthongs

is

a consonant,

/.

3. It is' believed by many that the diphthongs av, sv, rjv, arose out of ap, sp, ^p, by the attenuation of p. "In a later age," says Thiersch (Greek Gram. 16), " the original pronunciation of ev and av returned universally, so that the

COMMUTATION OF CERTAIN LETTERS.

sounds eu and au disappeared from the speech of the modern Greeks." According to this hypothesis, there was a time when au, ev, ^i/, were pronounced F, cp, i;F> respectively
;

a^og, ^spw, ^ p^ov, for avog, dsvco, rjvdov. Then, as the Greeks became more civilized, and their ears more delicate,
as

the vowel v took the place of its less civilized colleague p. But when the language began to decline, the Greeks unanimously^ and probably on the same day, adopted the ante-Homeric pronunciation of these diphthongs. This hypothesis is we propose the following. not as satisfactory as it might be
;

have every reason to believe that in many words (not in the syllables which are represented by av, ev, rjv, were originally pronounced ap, sp, jp. Thus, there was a time
all)

We

when

vavg, navQog, avdrav, Zsvg,

in

were pronounced vafg, na-

Latin divus). In fact, an anapaest (u u -), not a creticus (--); which clearly shows that av in this word is not a diphthong In course of time, the educated in general, and the ( 1). Athenians in particular, softened ap and cp into av and i;, and pronounced av like on in out^ and bv like eh'-oo (rapidly) we mean to say, that they spelled as they pronounced, v The mass of the people however the uneducated, of course who are always averse to changes in language, never troubled themselves about refinements, and continued to pronounce ap, p, and Tjp after the manner of their forefathers, not even excepting contracted words, as avw from avw, bv from ev, 'inlBV from BTtUo.

Fgog,

a^aiuv, Zsfg (compare

Pindar
is

avaiav

4. It may be remarked here that i (as in machine) when hardened becomes y as in yau (Italian j). So that i has the same relation to j, that u (as in hull) has to w (v, p). Perhaps the Greek t when followed by a vowel was often hardened still we cannot suppose that it had the power of an
;

ordinary consonent.

E.

g.

Ugtvovo^ pronounced 'g^Qsvova', Odys. 14, 94. TtoXiog, noXyog, II. 2, 811. 'laxlaiav, "Joxyaiav, II. 2, 537. r^ia, riya, Odys. 5, 266.
-iw, -lov^ai, of the future, were in comconversation often pronounced by synizesis nearly like -yo, -you-mai,

Perhaps the endings

mon

4, In a few instances, denied by Buttmann. E. g.

was changed

into

<p.

This

is

1*

b
aq>s, a(piv, Oifog, oq:oji, for

REMARKS.

afs, afiv,

ffpo*?,

apwt.

acpeXag,

Schwelle {threshold). q>oXn6g, Latin valgus 1

German

% 5, 1. We may suppose that words which in the old language the theoretical parent of Greek, Latin, Gothic, Saxon, German, English, and other kindred languages began with 2f (sv, sw), not unfrequently drop one of these consonants, p, when a is dropped, is often changed into h Sometimes both consonants disappear. {' ); see above ( 2). This hypothesis seems to be necessary because it is easier to believe that ^ or p is in certain instances dropped, than that a labial is changed into ^, and vice versa. For example, it is more satisfactory to suppose that ^p,7C jTPO^ (German Schwaher) became Greek fsavgog (now written sxvQog)^ Latin socer, Italian suocero, than that the labial p (, w) was

changed
-2'p.4

into

5.

J gives 'A/JJI, avddva, advg, a8vg, Latin suavis (and perhaps suadeo), English s2oeet.

^Y^AA

or

allo(Aai, ^aXU^oj, naXXta,

Latin ballistea, salio, Italian Latin verro, serpo, errOy

^fAP
:sVat
sa^25,

ballo,

English ball
oalQO),

i^dance).
sgnoj,
I'q^oj,

avQia,

Romaic

a^aQvl^w {to drag).

s^AA A/iSL or AAESL (to be sated), Latin satur, Also aXig (paXtj); for the English 5^e, and wad? commutation of d and X, compare ddxQvov, lacryma ; 'odvaasvg, 'OXvauEvg (Eustath. p. 289, 1. 38, Rom.), Ulysses ; the augmentative prefixes da-, Xa- daovg, Xduiog. Wog, e^ofi,ai, I'^w, aaTivT], aiX^a, acpeXag, 'eJI (to seat), ^^E/i Latin sedeo, sedo, sido, sedes, sedile, sella, solum (?), English

2Veo %^(a,
2:Feik

seat, set, sit, sell, saddle, sill, settle, soil (?), German Schwelle. Connected i&L^w, s&og, tdvog, Latin suesco.

sVekTP S^EA
sol.

with the preceding.

way), oi'ycj, (SsixrjXd, German si'xoj {to yield, give schwach, weich, English weak. havQog {^BnvQog), Latin socer, Italian suocero, German Schwdher.
TjXiog,

dsXiog,

(Sa/SiXiog,

d^iXiog,

^AniXXtav
ye'Xcc,

commonly
Latin

^AnoXXwv, ^eXa, ^eXXdaeTai, aiXag, atX^vrj,

yeXodviiix,

See above (
different

1).

.^FeA,

from the preceding h'Xog {F^Xog), ntjXog, II. 2, 776), Latin palus, English For i'Xog, pool, puddle (?), Romaic ^dXtog {swamp, marsh). see Dionys. Hal. Rom. Antiq. 1, 20.
aiXlvov (sXso&QenTov oe'Xivov,

COMMUTATION OP CERTAIN LETTERS.

sVeJA

English French join) FsLQtivu S^EP Putsch.), Latin 2WeX 'EXSl,iXf^,taxov (ESl)j 2W1
seguire,
suivre,
^

or f/lxcD, yiXlai, Latin wc//o, vellico, sulcus (oXxog), English pull. ^p/7 s7i(o, Ino^av, ianov (sasTiov), Latin sequor, Italian
seek.
for ugi^vri (Priscian. p.

sVeJK

iXqm (to

546,

sero.

{bobxov).

Xbt, 2:ETfL, Latin eo, ire, venio, English way, went (wend), send; all implying going, coming, or their causatives. avg, vg, Latin sus, English swine, sow. vdbiQ, 15q6{o, Latin sudo, English ?^>a^e7*, trc^, sweat; 2^T/I Phrygian /Ssdv {water), Clem, Alex. p. 673. 2Ftf GifVQov, Latin sura?

ISl,

tJfii, Xfjfii

via, sino (?),

^pr

2. " The Epic word xeXuLvog" says Buttmann (Lexil. 69), " exhibits in sound so evident a connexion with the common word fisXag, fisXavog, fieXaiva, that it is impossible to avoid conand the only wonder is sidering it to be a dialectic variety how two letters [(j, ] which appear to have so little affinity could change from one to the other Most cases of this kind may be explained by supposing that in the old language there existed a form containing both letters and i leave the inquiry still open for particular cases, as to whether the fuller form was the parent of the two others, or whether it was only the form which one took in its transition to the other." think the former hypothesis is simpler, and therefore more satisfactory than the latter.
;

We

The following roots contain both consonants ; generally speaking, the modified form is more common than the original.
T'NO or
xosto,

KNO

gives

FNOSl, FNOEJl, KNOEJl,

voim, xovveo),

Latin nosco, English know, Saxon cnawan. For the omission of v after x, compare xvdfinrto, xd^mta. For the commutation of x and y before v, compare yvacpivg, xvaqitvg'
yvdfiJiKO, xvdfimto
'

I^cjoog,
ry'alog,

Kvmaog
;

'

xvicpag, yvocpog,

Romaic

ov-yvfcpov {vi(pog)

JpO or T^ O dvo,
bis (dvis, vis),

knee

Cneius xvxvog, cycnus or cygnus.

;

yovv, Latin genu, English

*FPAr Vat

dva, dig, ptxaxt or ^elxuTi, d'xoai, Latin duellum, bellum (dvellum, vellum), viginti, English tio, twain, twin, twice, twenty. SI, 'PAFJI, Syw^i, qriywiii, Latin frango^ English tcreck, rag, break, German brechen. Compare

German Rasen, Wasen

Buttmann's Lexilog. 69.

(provincial),
5.

Wrasen (Hessian).
agyid^coy atpij,

KfAPn or kVaII xaQTiaXlfi(ag, xdnxoif aqnri,

8
ttTTTw,

REMARKS.
^gdipm,

Latin
seize),

carp,

rap

(to

carpo, capio, rapio, rapax, English Saxon hrepan, repan. This root

modified gives (idgntb), sfiagmoVf Bfianov.

In Hesychius ^Qaipai means avXXa^slv, dvaXwaai, &f}QSvaai, yiatacpayuvy tw aio^axi kluvoai, nqvipm, In the sense of nQvipai, dcpavlaai, it may 0L(pavlaai, aisvd^ai. be connected with the English wrap.
acpv^ai, niuv, (paytiv,

KFOP ogam,

KMEAAIS (liXag,

-xogog (overseer), xogm {to see, look after), ovgog (toatcher), -ovgog {xtjn-ovgog), -agog {nvX-agog), Latin cura, English care, guard, re-gard, ward, warn, wary, all implying sight. a-ware, he-ware
;

K2AA or 2KAA adlov, xrjXov, ^vXov. K2TN or 2KTJS ^vv, ^vvog, aotvog, avv,

fiilavog, (jlHulvu, xskaivog,

Romaic

fieXavog*

KTAN

Latin cum, con-, communis, English common. or HTUva, xalvm, &elva, ^vrjaxa (OANJl), nardaow, Latin ccBdo, cudo, English cut, batter (?), battle (?), Hebrew xaxaX, Scythian natd (Herod. 4, 110). See also

KTEN
7).

below (

2KE/1

aaeddvvv^L, xsddvvv^i,
shot,

;ifw,

;^tw,

axcog {anaxog), Latin

sagitta,
shoot,

English shed (Saxon seed), ewer

scatter (1),

(Saxon huer),
schossen
;

spatter {!),

German

all

2KVon
(')

implying ^ownw^. Latin scopes, English sweep,

^ G. In many instances,

seems

to be

changed

into A

E.g.
Latin
sal,

aXg, (iXag, {^dXaaacc,) aXfit),

t|,

salum, English

salt.

sex, six

kmd, septem, seven.

semis.
>

The Heraclean

tables have

7]p,iovg, riiiv-,

same, similar : vXri, sylva. vTisg, vno, vmiog, super^ sub, supinus, vnvog, somnus.
ofiogy ofioiog, similis,

^ 7. Not unfrequently, the sounds changed into each other.

(k,

c,

q) and

n are

ElllSt or EnJl{FEnSl), Latin voco, vox {oip), English voice. ivsnw or ivvenoj, Latin inquam. See 2 5. 1 (^Feh). EUM, eno^ai, sequor, seek. Xnnog, equus : xeXXta, pello.
:

XduM, XifindvM, linquo,

Xvnog, lupus
Ttolog,
:

liqui.

xvaaao),

v-nvaaaa

onoiog, novj Ionic xolog, oxolog, xov

PRONOUNS.

8fi), omlkog or omlXXog, oxTuXXog, Latin oculus. another form of nivTs, Latin quinque. ninxoy {llElISl), cocus, coquo, coquina, Italian cucina, English cook^ cake, bake, kitchen. TtlavQtg, TETOQsgf Tsaaagfg, rsTTocQfg, Latin quatuor. arjitog, Latin sepes, sepio : oxvXov, spolium, spoil. a(prj^, ace. acpTjya, Latin vespa (by metathesis for svepa),

OnSl

{to

Ttf/^TTc,

English wasp.

See

also

4.

8. Not unfrequently the sound and vice versd. E. g.

kxarov,

K is

changed

into h

(');

centum

xaXd^t], culmus, halm.

x(X(jdia, jtsocQj cor,

cordis, heart, core.

hide,

xfv&u (ktOJI),
xXivb},

Saxon hydan.
hence English
columna,
to lean.

xiQug, cornu, horn.

clino;

Saxon
:

hlinian,

xolXog, hollow

xoX(ov6g, xoXoivr},
1

collis, hill.

xvQwg, Latin herus

xvoar, canis,

German hund, English hound.

PRONOUNS.
O, We may now suppose that the old language had but one pronoun, T^02 (tvos, twos) that this pronoun was DEMONSTRATIVE in its character and that it represented all
; ;

persons, that
1.

is, it

stood for that, this, he, she,

all

it,

thou,

This pronoun modified gives of which the element is a lingual

followed by a labial (p,
q),'v,

(t,

the pronominal forms 8, S; a, ^), or a lingual

w).
Tig,

E.
rig,

g.

TO^,

trjvog,

roaog, amog, ovrog,

rots, tv,

rot,

rsog, tvids,

Latin turn, tarn, tot, totus, tantus, talis, English that, this, the, thou, thus, then.
dslva, dsvQo, dsvTs,
a(ps

tu,

tuus

( 3),

German
aq)6g,

das, dessen, die^ du.

se,

{ 4), acfwi,

sic,

Latin sui ( 3), English she, so (Saxon swa).

av, aog,
all

suus ( 3),

2. By dropping the first letter, we obtain forms of which the element is a labial (p,

the pronominal
(p,

v,

w,

^).
{' ),

Observe that
softened into
v.

{v,

w) may be changed into h

and

(m,

E. g.

p/

(7), fov {ol). Pot (oi), P (g), Voi (o?), cflv (for aq>iv), Latin vos, vester, Italian voi, English we, German wie.

10
o, ^, og (relative), oaog, mq,

REMARKS.
tW, English he, her, here,

(lov (ifiov), ins (fjM)>

Z"'^*'

i^^^)'

W^^?>

vfiEig,

voji, voj,

Latin me,

nos, English me, mine.

3. Not unfrequently the initial consonants disappear which case the origin of the form becomes very obscure. E.
;

in
g.

IV (Fi'v), I'diog,

Latin

is, id, ibi,

English

it

(Saxon

hit), us, as

form TfO:s became kF02 (qvos, 10. Kwos), which produced all the pronominal forms beginning Observe that most of these forms with a PALATAL {it, q, h).

L The

are interrogative.
urivog

(See also

"

8,)
;

E.

g.

or anvog

(whence

inEXvog)

K02,

xov,

xdlog,

xotsgov,

Latin

quus, quis, qui, quum (cum), quot, quotus, quam, Saxon hwcBt {what), hwcenne (when), hoi (why), htccBr
(where), hwcether (whether, xotsqov).

2. Either of the initial consonants times both disappear. E. g.

may be

dropped.

Some-

how, who (pronounced without the w, hoo), Saxon hu (how), German was (what), wann (when), Dutch waar (where) Latin ubi, uter, for quubi (hov), quuter (xoteqov, hwcBther).
;

3.

The

modified form
all

produces

the

K02 becomes n02 ( 7), which Greek interrogatives beginning with n. E. g.

7ir}vlxa, 7it]fiog.

nov, noXog, norsgog, Tioaiog, nrjXlxog, noog,

4.

The pronominal
is,
;

other, either,

adjective hsgog, Latin ceterum, English strictly speaking, the comparative of the per-

sonal pronoun

its primary meaning is that, in connexion s ("/) however with another that; not that but that, that or that.

1 1. L We suppose now that tJTo^ was strengthened by the addition of a palatal (x, y, x) and that thus modified it produced Latin tunc, hoc, hinc, hie, &c., English such, which, &c. Also the nominative of the first person singular of the personal pronoun as, Gothic ik, Saxon ic, German ich, Greek iyw, Latin ego, Boeotic Greek tw, Italian io, English /.
\

2.

The

kx-disQog, one

root thus strengthened gives also the comparative more than that, that and that, or simply, both,
is

each (said of two). Its corresponding superlative all that, each (said of many), every.

ex-aaiog,

12. 1. This pronoun (tFO^) is also the parent of the numeral MI02, whence the feminine fxla. Also of oiog, alone, which modified becomes I02, whence the Epic Xa, iw, &c. It is moreover the parent of ^6vog, alone, Romaic fiovog, single.

PRONOUNS.
It is also

11

the parent of slg^ gen. evog (root ev-), Latin unus English an or a, one (pronounced wun, which differs but little from the possessive fov).
(fiovog),

2.
is

The

adjective

I'ffo?,

originally

ptao^or ptapo?
is)

( 1),

formed from p/ or p/^ ("/, Latin Toaog from TO^, or of oaog from og. therefore is so much.
'

after the

analogy of

Its

pMmary meaning

3.

two,

The numeral German zwei,

is
is
its

dvo or
is

dvea, also 5o(b, Latin duo, English nothing but the dual of TpO^; its

primary meaning
nal dsvTSQog

that

and

that, or one

and

one.

The

ordi-

been 8VsrBQog,

comparative ; its original form must have by metathesis Se^TEgog, demsgog ( 3);
is

the corresponding superlative

dBviarog, last.

13. 1. A table containing the principal modifications and derivatives of the theoretical demonstrative TpO-2'.

T02,

TO, irjvog,

aviog, ovTog, Tig, t?, tv, le, to/, tlv, teog,

Trj/dog, jvids,

2
/f

Toaog, Totog, TrjXixog, ivvvog, trjvlxa,

a(f)i (//'),

xocpga.

aq)l ((jPtV), aqtug, acpuL,

acpco,

acpus, acpog, acpiiegog,

^Uxog, M (n)
\^ )

av, as, aog, aaaoc or tt.

delvoc, doioj,
/,

dvo, devteoog, dsvtUTog, 8lg, devgo, dsvis.

t),

ov,

s, 0,

sag, og, sisgog,

rifxog,

eyeategog, Exaaiog, sig, oaog,

(ag.

olog,

oXog (?), r^vixa,

Xva,

filv (vlv), fiov, fioL, fii,

rifiug,

afi^sg,

Vfislg,

vfxfxeg,

vwi,

v(6, fiia, fAOvog.

i'v

{Fiv),

i'diog, olog,

102,

Xaog

(Vioog), sya, m, uXXog

(?),

K K02, n n02,
The

ocpga.

xrjvog, xslvog,

exHvog, ixu, xdiog, xorfgov, xov. noaog, nolog, ntjXixog, noxtgog, noarog, noaialog, nrj-

vlxa, nrjfiog,

nag gen. naviog

(?).

verbal terminations are nothing but modified frag2. ments of pronouns. Thus,
-fit

{-v), -ftni,

-fjiBv,

-fisS^a, -fiTjv,

English -m (only in am,

voii,
;

u-n'i,

Latin -m, -mus, -mur, -mini, su-m), are connected with ^s,

dofirjv, sdidtav,

me, nos, Slc. as dlda^ii, dlbofiai, dldofisv, didofis&a, idtLatin dicam, dicimus, amamur, amamini. See
9. 2).
-s,

above (
-01, -g,
-st,

-ada, -vol, -aav, &lc., Latin are connected with av, acps, se, smis,
-aai,

sti,
;

English

-5,

&c.

as iaal, dlda-

ai, did(ag,
(xvriao,

See

didoaai, sq)r]a&a, Xsyovai (for Xsyovai), s(paaav^ fiiLatin amas, amavisti, English has, hast. above ( 9. 1).

Xsysa&s,

-It (-^l), -tai, -Ts, -Toy, -Tfjv, -vn, -vtai, -vto, -vioav, &.C.,

Latin

12
't, 'tis, -nt,

REMARKS.
-niur, English -th (-^), are connected with tO^, this, &lc. ; as sail, cpdd^i, didotoci, Xsysis, Xi/s-

tv, tUf

English

tov, XiyovxL, Xtyoviaiy iXsyovto, XeyovKav,

Latin amat, amatis,

1).
acpcos,

amant, amantur, English asketh.

3. It
rifiEig

See above (9.

hie,
(I')

is

easy

now

to see

why

acpML differs so little

from

from iifxEig, fit from fiiv, aog from suus, poi (ol) from

ic

from

voi,
is

fs

from se and she, from we, -rov from

as
(II.

'triv,

&c.

further,

why

aq)iaiv

used for vfuv

10, 398),

acpiag for vfiag (Herod. 3, 71), acphsgov for vfihegov (lies. Op. 2), eavzovg for rjfxac avtovg or vfiag avvovg, dmxsTov for dKanhriv

(U. 10, 364),

&c. &c.

AUGMENT.
^14. The
t

'''

^,^..

following verbs, beginning with' a liquid, take

;

mstead of the reduplication

which

is

nothing more than

the syllabic
Xayxdvca,

augment

lengthened.

eVXrjx^^y ^IXrjyfiai.

Xafi^dva,

siXrjcpa, si'XTjfifiat.

L
both with the rough breathing,

Xsyca, to collect, uXoxoc, tllsyfiuL.

(xsigofinL, HfiuQfiaL, stfidQfirjv,

^PEfL, say,
slgs&'riv.

sigrjita, si'grjfiai,

ng^oofxai. Also aor. pass. nQ7}&7}v,

into

15, The
ei

Epic dialect lengthens

deldoma.

in the

reduplication

in the following verbs.

dsido) {/lETSl),

dslyvvfii, dddsyfiai, dsidexro, dsidexcciai, dfidi'%aTO.

dim, to fear, dsldifisv, dsidvla, idsidifisv, fee.

1 6. The following verbs are not uniform in the augment of the perfect that is, sometimes they take the usual reduplication of the perfect, and sometimes only s.
;

Observe that the second consonant is a liquid (A, v, g). Properly speaking, MNJSl is the only Greek verb beginning with (XV.
/SXaaTavo), (Ss^Xdairjxa, i^Xdairixa.
yXixpo), yEyXv(j,(iai, syXvfiixai.

xuTayXtoTxl^M, xaT(yX(6iTiafiai, Arist. Eq.

xXfjiCu), xsxXrjiofiaL, ixXtjiafiai, sxXrjiafxtjv.

352; Thesm. 131.

*

fAifivriGnw, (if'fiVTjfxai, ifisfivrjfjrjv, fKfivr'faofiai.

fivTjfiovtv(o, f'lxvrjfiovsvxa,

Plat. Phaedo, 119.

tgiqxa, avviigocpa, Te'x^oqpa.

AUGMENT.
1 7.

18

The

following verbs take the reduplication contrary

to the general rule.

tctdofiui, xsxirjfiaiy syrrj^ai, xBKTi^aofiai,

imriao^ai.

Ttnnvvv^i, nsnstaa^ni, nsniafiai. nlmoa, mTnojyca, nsnxmg, nsmrjwg, TiinjTjxa.

nt^aaco,
tnzrjxoi,

nsmrjiog.
is

The
Ttstda)

perfect

nimafiai

formed

from

nsnsiaficti

(from

by syncope.

As

to

nimoma, nsnjswg,

Ttsmrjmg, and nemrjxa, they

'

are formed from nETSl by metathesis ; thus, nsnsT-xa, ntnet-dog become nimi^xa, nsmeug and Ttsnjrjojg nsnjtjxa is further changed into nenjcuxa, not unlike egQtjya, eQ^wya from the^

theme 'PHTSl.
1 8. The augment of the perfect and pluperfect of I't/ii^(UTASL) takes the rough breathing. Further, the pluper-

(li

fect active
perf.

may lengthen

into d.

caxTjxa, caTctxa, tuTua, tarafini.

pluperf. iairi^uv or uottihuv, eorutiv.

perf. ^soTfjxa

This apparent anomaly is explained as follows; 2'TJJl, (compare xsxTrjfiai) and by changing the first a into the rough breathing ( 6), eoirixa.
;

perfect
EaTfjv,

must not be supposed that the rough breathing of the is borrowed from the present, after the analogy of other If this were the case, we should have also aor. Burrjaa, verbs.
It

instead of the actual forms toTtjaa,

eairjv.

^19. The
rj,

following lengthen the syllabic contrary to the general rule.

augment

into

anoXavco, aniXavov, ani]Xavov, unsXavaa, dnriXuvaa^

^ovXofxai, i^ovXo^tjv, t]^ovX6(j.r}v, i^ovX^&Tjv, ri^ovXiqdriv..
dvvttfxoci, idvvdfiTjv, rjdvvd^rjv, e8uvi]&rjv,

rfdvv^&ijv,
*

jisXX(o, EfiEXXov, rjfisXXov, tfieXXtjaa, i^fxeXXtjaa.

naqavofim, ixaQtivonovv

now

edited nagsvouow,

Dem. 217;

Thuc.

3, 67.

In the Epic dialect, the second aorist active and: middle of the following verbs takes the reduplication of the
perfect.

20.

Observe that
fix s to

ixexXofitjv, ensipvov,
;

iniipQadgov,
t^ ^

and hsTfAov pre,.

the reduplication the pluperfect.

that

is,

they follow the analogy of

^

14
daxvoa,

REMARKS.
didaxoV /tASL, didaov.
'

xdfivoi, xsxaixov

xilofxai, xsxXofirjv
XiXcexov.

and

ixsxXofiijv.

xevdb),

xixv&oV XayxdvWt
'

Xnv&dvw, XsXa&ov. ^dgnioi^ fjsfzagnov and ndXX(a, dfinsnaXoiv {nenaXojv). nd&a, ninir&ov nX^aao), nsnXrjyo^irjv,
Xafi^dvot), XsXalSofATjv'

Xdoxbi, XsXaxofifjV
'

fis'(ianov.

TAFSl,

TEiaycov

'

TEMSl, xhfxov and

hstfiov.

TSQTKa, leTagnofirjv

xirQMaxbj, rhogov.

TltVaXOfXai, TilVXOV^ TBTVXO^itjV.

TVTiTOi, rtJVTiov

(fsldo^ai, necpLdofirjV.

0ENJI,
q)QU^(a,

and snfcpvov. 7ii(pga8ov and ini(fga8ov.

nicpvov

Xd^o), xsxadoy, xExad6}i7}v

;fa/^w, xfxagofiriv.

The following Poetic forms take the reduplication contrary to the analogy of verbs beginning with g.

^21.

ganl^io, gtgdniaiiai,
ginxdi, geglcp&ai,

Anacr.

frag. 105.

Find. frag. 281.

Qvnom,

gfgv7i(afiivog,

Odys. 6, 59;

22, Some

Poetic forms do not double the g after the

i.

the syllabic
gdntot),

augment

eganiov, Odys. 16, 379.

gsXf^t sg^tov, sgE^oii

gljiim, sgiipa, igicpriv.

^ 33* The following Poetic forms double the initial consonant after the syllabic augment s, after the analogy of verbs beginning with g.
Observe
that,

with the exception of

dsidca

and 2:ETIl, the

root begins with a liquid.

dslda) {/JETJl), tddstaa, Tiegiddeiaa, vnodSslaocg.

Xayxdvfo, XXXaxov.

Xan^dva, eXXu^ov,

iXXa^ofirjv.

Xiaaofiixi, iXXiadfxtjv.

MEIPIly
J

EfAfxogov, Efi^ogtx.
J

vim to swim tvveov.

aEiio,

iuaeiovto, avaaaslaaxE.
iaaEv6[X't]v,

2ETII,
originally

taav^ai, iaavfirjv, Eaasva, iaavd^rjv, aniaaova.

Dawes (Miscel. Critic, p. 168), was dF^iSa, with the digamma after the first d' hence sdf^tiaa, nsgid^Eiaa, vnodfeiaagy and finally, after the
jEidia, according to

'

AUGMENT.

15

the

disappearance of the digamma, i'ddsiaa, neQiddsiaa, vnodddaag initial consonant being doubled in order to make the preceding syllable long by position. It is well known, however, that the Greek, as such, does not admit of the combination

z/F {dw).

We

must therefore assume

fJEISl

I).

It is observed further, that dsl8(o and its derivatives, in Homer, make the preceding syllable long by position, as II. 11, 10; 14, 387; but not always, Odys. 11, 203, twv 5' aga dsiudvjbiv ix xsiQbiv i'muT egiTfta.

vtjXsi]?),

Further, the adjective i9^ sot; 5 ?J? (for ^ sod si^g, like vijXi^g for compounded of ^sog and /lEISl, must have been origiThe o was lengthened into ov after the disnally S^io^drig. or perhaps the digamma was attenuated appearance of

into V {% 3).

As

to the perfect dsldoixa,

after the

dudifisv,

they must have been

formed

disappearance of F*

SETfL
p.

also, according to the same critic (Miscel. Critic, hence 165), was originally ^^ETJl, with the digamma
;

sa^Bvcif sa^VfiaL, See also 5.

&.C.,

and

finally

eaasva,

i'aavfiai,

&c.

34. The

following verbs lengthen

into h, contrary to

the general rule.

idat, Bl'aov, ElaoUy Bi'axa,

nd&rjv,

i&l^(o, d'd^iaa, Bi&iHtt, si&iafiai, fl&ia&rjv.

kXlaoci, elh^a, nhyfiai, eWxd^tjV.

bXxow, BiXkM^rjv, slXxio&rjv,

Hippocr.

It

is

regular in the

Attic dialect.
bXxo), flXxo^rjv, BlX^a, sXXxvaa,

BiXxvxa, BiXxvafxaij elXxva&i]V.

'EAJI, fUov, BiXofir^v. Bvvv^i (EJI), flfxai. enw, t'lnov, slnofirjv.

igyd^oficii, BlQya^6fit]V, Bigyaafiat, Blgyda&Tjv, Bigyaadfjiijy.

BQTiv^M, (Xgnvaa.

egna,

eIqtiov.

BOTiaci),

fioTiaaa, Blaiiaxa, BlaTioifiai, BioTid&ijv.

BXOJ, tlxov, BixofirjV.

ESI, placCy Biua, Biad^tjv.

Xrjfii

(^ESl), Blxa,

Bifxoii,

BL&fjV,

bXixtjv.

For

Brjxnc,

Buxa,

mvrai

(suvTai), see

^ 26.
to

With respect

EnJl, EPOMAI,
it

bqv(o,

and igmdatj which

are often referred to this head,

will

be observed that slnov,

16

REMARKS.

Bina, and their dependent moods, come from the lengthened form EtnSl ugo^irivy from the Ionic tlqa^ai tlgvooc, tX^vfiai, and hqojtuov, ei^cjirjaa, from elgvofiiu, si^m&Tjv, from slgvo) the Ionic uQOiidm. For the forms dgrjitoi, el'fjtjfiocL, eiq^&tjv,
'

'

'

and

et(je&r)v,

see ^ 14.
easily
its full

accounted form was Fcaw or rather ptpaw ( 1). The first of these forms would give sfsaaa, FFex, &Lc., and by dropping the digamma and contracting the initial syllables, Haaa, el'aaa, &/C. It may possibly be connected with "EJl, to send; see 5. I
'jEacj.
for, if
'jfe'i^/^w is

The augment of this verb will be we suppose that there was a time when

a prolongation of

,^g)

its

original form therefore

finally,

was fsd^i^M, hence ffe&iaa, FFi9-txa, and

dropping

by

^"d contracting

se,

el&iaa, ei'^ixa.
'

'Ella a (a is connected with ul(a was ^iXiaabi' hence F^tl.

finally,

therefore

its

original form

V^V^^^Y^oiiy &.c.
, l'Ai|a,
*

And

by dropping
is

and contracting

uXiy^m, &c.
therefore

'EXxom
it

derived from iXnog, a derivative of eAxw

was Ffi^'tow* hence s^sXnoi&riv,

^sfsXxMixrjVf

and

finally siXHOj&r]v, slXxoifiTjv.

''eXzoj was originally fsXno) (^ 1); hence F^la> FfsXuvTtot, &C., and finally, by dropping F and contracting
es, eiX^a, elXhvxci,

&c.

'EJSI was originally ^EJSL {% 1); hence cFt'toj', sF*Xo^Tjv, and finally slXov, uXofiriv.
^'EvvvfAi has ^EfL for its theme, of which the original form was ^EJl ( 1); hence FFiW^ and finally fs^at, I/uttt, with the breathing of the present. For hadfirjv, see below.

Binov with

assume fEHJl, hence imperf. Effnov, senov, the breathing of the present. For the 2 aor. we assume 2EnfL, hence E2tnov, syncopated sonov, after the anal"Enat.
Tifcpvov
*
'

We

ogy of 0ENJI,
iyELQw, tj/Qofirjv
in tanov
is

TtsXo),

snXs, suXeto

'

ntiofiai, intofitjv

'

We see, then, that the a niXo^m, exfxXo^rjv. not an intercalation and that i- is the syllabic
;

augment.
cannot suppose that eanov comes from an assumed because a grammatical root without a vowel cannot be satisfactorily proved to exist. And if we write (/ttw, we virtually assume anica, which cannot by any sound grammatical principle give 2 aor. sotiov. The same remarks apply also

We

theme

anca,

to

sj^oo,

soxov,

which

see.

See

also

5. 1

{^Veii).

AUGMENT.
''Egyn^ofini,

17

prolongation of EPrsi, a digammated

,

was fsQya^ofiai hence sfsQya^ofirjv, fe^eQ/aafiai, &c., and finally, by dropping p and contracting eg, dg/a^ofitjVf slgyaisfiaif &^c.
theme;
its

original form therefore

'Eqtiv^m is a prolongation of egna), and follows the same See bqtko below. We may assume fsgnoo as the original theme; "Eqttoi). hence sfsQnov, segnov, slgnov with the breathing of the present. See above (^ 5. 1, 2fAP).
analogy.

'Eajiaa

is
;

probably derived from

iajla,

originally

(Latin vesta)
pfiffTtceora,

we may

therefore assume
&-C.,

psax/a paTtw, hence

pc peart ax,
'jEXJI, with the

and

finally uatluaot, siatiaxa,

&C.

as in igyn^o^m.

fect, p;f(o

rough breathing. be assumed; sps;^ov, b^x^v, second aorist, 2:f%(o, sS^xov, syncopated taxov.

"Ex (a was

may

slxov.

For the imperFor the

Compare

inm,

I'anov,

and

i'ax(o.

See

also

5. 1

(JSfEX).
;

hence 'eji, to place, seat, put, originally fEJl (% 1) See Bfsacc, Ea, slaa, with the breathing of the present.
also

5. 1

(^pz/).

"lr]fii,

from'EJl, originally perhaps

pJ2

hence p8^i^y,

pgpsxa, ^c, and finally sX&tjv, slxa, &c., as in the preceding. As to erjya, k'axa, lavrai, they take the syllabic augment
fn addition to the temporal.

See also

5. 1 (-2'p/).

S5. The following verbs take the syllabic stead of the temporal.
ayvv[ii, la|, eayce, idyrjv.

augment

in-

aXiaxofiai, stiXayoc, edlcov.

avddvoj,

edvdavov, edda (sdda), sadov k'^vdavov, syllabic and temporal.

and

svadov.

Also

ainoa, sdqf&rj.

EI/IJl,
si'xw,
flXi,(a,

leiadtfirjv,

soixa {sloix(6g),

rjeldsiv (g- lengthened into rj-), smxsiv syllabic and temporal.

ieiXsop, ioXrjtai, ioXtjio.

silm, BeXaa, ssX/xaif mXrjv.

tlfit,

to go, isiadfXTjv.
i'sina, ssinov.
ee'gfiTjv.

EinSlf
sI'q(o,

to jotJi, BSQfiai,

i'Xno),

XXno^ai, eoXnce, swXtibiv syllabic and temporal.

evvvfii, Uafxriv, hodixTjv.

i'gdo)

{EPrSl), sogya, iogyfa, icogyetv syllabic and temporal. ovghif iovQEov, iovgrjoa, eovgrjaa.

2*

18
(o&t(o, Eojaa, l'(ona,

REMARKS.
ewa^at, iwa&rjv,

(ovtofiai, ffavoviAtjv, i(6v7}fiai, icovijdrjv, icovtjadfirjv.

*'Ayvvfiiy

theme ArSl,

originally

fAFJl

5.2)

hence

Fa|, pe Ffxyoc, fcc, and finally, after the disappearance of p, '|, say a, &^C. 'Allano^ai, theme 'AyllL, '^AAOSl, connected with ''EJSl {to take) we may therefore assume JTAylll, FaJOJI hence
;
'

and finally sdkoiv, breathing of the present. See ^ 1 (^EJSL).

epwAcDy,

pfipceAwxa,

edXooxa,

with

the

'Avddvo),

theme

'AzISl,

originally

fAAJl

sFadov, pp(5a, fcc, and

breathing of the present.

finally, sadov, eada, &>c.,

( 1); hence with the

explained as follows; fAJJl, i'fifia&ov, from Xa^^dvm, (iav&d~ By dropping one of the digammas, and changing the v(o. other into v, in order to preserve the quantity of the antepenult, svadov with the smooth breathing. See ^3. 1. See also xavd^aig in the Catalogue.

aor.

The Epic aorist svadov is sfFaSov, like XXal3ov,

'^AnTbi, original theme perhaps fA<PJl ( 5. 2, kFapJJ) hence sFacpd^r], edq)&rj. We cannot refer sdcp&tj to snofiai, because the change of s into in the aorist passive does not seem to take place when is not preceded or followed by a
;

liquid.

ET/ISl or lAsi, originally

pta|U?;v,

6siad^r]v.

FetASL or fiJJl ( 1); hence The Epic ^sldsiv was ppi5ty,

hence

ssidsiv, r^eldsiv

by lengthening the syllabic augment.

was probably fsmta' hence pepotxa, like XiXomu from XflnM, and finally eoixa. The Epic participle sioixwg was pffpo/xoi?, like 5fi5o<xw^ from 5s/(5(w. The pluperfect imxeiv is formed directly from the perfect oha, like sMvoxoeov from oivoxoio). Compare ewXisiv, (oj^jyeiv, from cAnrw, e^^w.
El'xft)

t As is a prolongation of eUm (pcf Aw), and follows the same analogy. The forms soXtjtui, doXriro, (ppoAr/xt, pfft)

foXrjTOj)
IxdQOfiai

follow

the

analogy of

/xs^ogi^Tai,

,t/f/io(>?jTo,

from
xc'AXw,

(MOPESI). Ei'Xb), theme FeASL ( 1);

pfpA|Mf, cpttAT/v
hX^ai,
idXrjv.
lsA(j(X,

hence epcXffa
(like

(like

sxsAaa),
finally

(p^siQw,

(cp&dQijv)^

and
1,

El (II, theme
2'p/)

^'tcc.
;

/J2, originally

perhaps p/i2 or

hence ff^ioafitjv,

iHad(.ii]v.

Hence

also

p/J2 (5. sptov

or

pi, 1? ptov or 1? pta (like /if'AAw, rj^ieXXov), and finally ^'tov or Observe further that in the Epic language the final vowel

AUGMENT.
of a preposition may not be dropped before this verb; another fact in favor of a inuiaafisvrj {Enifsiou^isvrj) gammated theme.
;

19
as
di-

Einil and nJl, originally hence e^smov, sfima, and

EiQca, to join, theme

fEinsl

and

fEHJl
tsma.

( 1)

finally ssmov,

fEPJl
;

( 5. 1, 2'F-EP); hence F-

"eXttco,

from

dQ}co^iai,

theme feXnoi) ( 1) hence p foXna, like 8i8oQK(i and finally eolTiQc. The pluperfect iaXnsiv
analogy of
sgda.
ogdo).

comes

directly from the perfect (oAzrw) after the

kwQaov from
"Evrvfii,

Compare
1)

ecoxeiv,
;

iwQysiv, from

d'x(o,

theme fEJl (

and

finally ssafxrjv,

pa/iijv, haa^rjv, with the breathing of the present

hence

peps <?/''?''

*'Eq8m,

theme EPFSl,
'

FepTJI
The

p Fogysa
xt>',

i'ogya,

iogym.

(^ 1); hence F^Fogya, pluperfect sagyBiv is formed

from the perfect (ogya) like iuXnsiv, from cl'xw, I'Atico.

'

ecJ^iaoi'

from

ogato.

Compare ew-

Ovgioy originally perhaps Fovgea, hence epoi/piyaa, F^Fovgtjxa iovgrjaoiy iovgtjxa. ^JZi^e'w, theme perhaps p^0J2, hence epwaa, pspwxa, &c., and finally I'waw, e'wxw, &c. 'flviofiai, originally perhaps Foivso^ai' hence pwyo/iT^v, p pwvi^^ttt, dz/C, and finally iavsofirjv, mvrmai, &LC.

26. The
(ovytxii),

following take the syllabic augment in addition

to the temporal.

avoiym
e&(o,

avsca^a, avtrnxoi, avmyfiai, ocvs(ox&f)v, avimyct.

tw&a commonly tlw&a, ico&sa commonly slm&siv. (eji), trina, ta)xa, mvtai (or sovioci, 25). See also Xrjfii, 24.
olicioo,

eojxEov or axeov,

Hippocr.

oivoxoiio, icavoxoEov or mvoxoEov, II. 1,

ogocto, stogaov,

598

4, 3.

mgaxa

also

eogaxa,

sagafiai,

^Avolyta.
tXxtx),

The
(

to yield,

simple verb oXyoa seems to be connected with give way, make room. may therefore as-

We

sume Foiyio

1); hence pof |of, pfpot;^a, &c., and The temporal augment was probably finally c'wla, tmxot, ^-c. introduced after the disappearance of p.

*je^w, theme
iio&a'

P,^w (

5, 1,

sFeo)

hence

ppo^a,
iim&a, perfect

F^Vo&tiv, ea&siv. And by lengthening i-, um&Hv. If we assume p7/0J2 (whence ^^o$), the
cw^a becomes analogous
to

tggwya from ^PlirSl

(griyvvfn).

30

REMARKS.

OlnEM
IV

is

derived from

ohogj
iwxsov.

originally

foixog

( 1)

hence potxsw, s^oixsov,

0X0 SO)
is

was

originally

derived from oivoxoog {otvog, xi(a). But olvog foivog (1); hence Fotroj^oew, sfoivo-

XOBOV, itOVOXOEOV. 'OqcIm, theme perhaps

foQam (5,
and

2,

XpOP);

hence

sfoQdov, fsfogaxa,

&LC.,

finally Icogav, sogaxa, ewgaxa,

&/C. with the breathing of the present.

prefix

verb kogrd^ca is the Ionic ogrd^o) with the and follows the analogy of o^w. It is not absurd therefore to assume Fo^t^w.
-,

27. The

9 8.

Only three verbs beginning with

si,

take the syllabic

augment.
EI/IJl, fi^HVy jjSr], jjdta. slxd^M, jjxa^ov, jjxaaa, ijxaafiai,.

SO. Some

verbs

may

dispense with the augment even

in the Attic dialect.

drj&ioata, d^-&aaov, ai^&eaa.
arjfiif ar]v.

d'ia, aiov.

avalvw, ttvdvd^Tjv, but rivrjva. oiaxoaTQOCpsWi oiaxooTQocpsov, also MaxoaTQ6q>sov, iEsch. Pers.

767.
oifKoCoif otfi(ayfiaij

ohoo^ai,
6, 18.
oiaTQeo),

oi'vojjxai,

but wfiw^a. also c^vwfiai, Soph.

Trach. 268

Plat. Leg.

oiaTQfjaa, Eurip.

Bac 32

Compare Soph. Trach.

653.
oi'xofictif

oVxfoxa.

oiwvl^ofiai, oitavi^ofirfV, oi(aviadfi7)v,

Xen. Hel.

1, 4,

12;

Dem.

794.
following verbs take the Attic reduplication. pluperfect lengthens the first syllable in r^xrixouv, riqriQHv^ '^lr)Xd[ii]v, TigTiQUOfiriv, udwdsiv, wlojXeiv, wgrnQStv, and wgcogvyfirjv.

30. The

The

Observe that the Epic forms

lengthen the second syllable.

dxdxtjfxai,

axaxfisvog^ dldXri^ai,

aXaXvxTrjfxai, dgagvla, iQSQimo, also the later ffis/jisxEiv^

do not

Observe

further,

that the EjJic rigriqua^m and uX^Xov&a,

lengthen the

first syllable.

AUGMENT.

21

Lastly, the penult of >Ic/<jp(b, (Quxa, igslTKo, is shortened in As to aydQOj, uyriyiQuriVy it follows the perfect and pluperfect. the common rule, that the penult of liquid verbs is shortened in the perfect passive.
ayslQOif pluperf. aytjysQfiijv.
ayo), ayr,ox(x, ctyr}yox(x,
oclQiio,

ayayox^ici'

agaigrjyia, aQalQ7}^ttif with the smooth breathing.

dxaxl^ia,

dxdxrj^ai,

X7yff/uat.

dxovoj, dx^xotX) ditrjxosiv

and rjxrjxosiv,

AKIl, aicaxf^svog.
dXdo^ai, dXdXrjfiai. ttXilcpca, aX^hq)a, aX^Xiftfiai.
dXsb), dX^Xfica,

dX^Xea ^at

and

dXi^Xsfjim,

dXvxjd^a), dXaXvittr^^ai.

AlSEOfty dvTiVo&a. dquQionWy uQuga and aqriQU (a^a^vta), dgr^gnv and rigrignv.
UQOWy
edo),
(XQTjQOfiai.

dgi^qffitxh pluperf.

iysiQay,

eyQi^yoga, iy^yegfiai.
iad^ita.

see

iXavvoo, iXriXaaa,

iXi^Xafiai

and

iXi^Xttafiai,

iXrjXdfjiTjV

and

rjXr}-

Xdfitjv.

iXiyxw, eXrjXeyfiai.
kXlauM, eXtjXiyfAaL with the
ifieo), i(ji^fj.fxa, eijirjfj.sa^ai,

smooth breathing.
ifisfiixsiv,

ENEOJl,

ivvivo&a.

igsida), igriQuafioa
igELXdJ, igriQiyfiai.

and

rjQi^QStafxat., pluperf. rjgrjQsiafirjV.

iguTKa, egi^gina, pluperf.

igi'Cw, ig^giofiai.

igigimo.

igxo^ai, eXriXv&a, iXT^Xovda, BiXr,Xov&a.

ia^loj, tdca, idi^doxa, sdrjda, id^dsa/jiah idi^dofiat.
I)fw,

tifivv),

ovvoxdixbjg {oX(^it(6g). vntfivrifivxa {i^vrifivxtt).

'

0/lTJl, odoodvofiai.

o^w, od(oda, pluperf odadtiv

oXXv(xi,
ofxvvfxi,

and mdrndeiv. oXooXfxa, oXooXa, pluperf oXb)X(iv and mXtoXuv. ofxMfioxa, oficofioafiaL and ofiufioi^ai.
6ga)giyfirjv.
-.

ogdo), oTiMTicty pluperf. onfainLv.

ogeyw, ogrngfyfiai, pluperf

ogrvfAi, 0Qb}Q(x, ogiagffitti,

pluperf ogwgstv ahd ag(6gsiv. ogvaocoj ogwgvxa, ogoigvyfiai, pluperf ogoigvyiiriv and (o^to-

gvy firiv.
vqiaivm, vcpvcpaafiai.
qisgoif ivT^voxci, ivrjveyfiai.

S^

R^ARKS.

"Ay 6). The forms ayrjyoxu and ayayoxna imply a reduplicated theme AFArsi. The second y was omitted in order to avoid a succession of similar sounds. The derivatives aymyog and Kyaytj (like wxwxtJ from AKSl) lengthen the radical vowel
into
(a.

Observe that the reduplication shortens the diphthong ctl- into -; aq-algriiia, aQ-tttQrjfiai, not alQ-alqtjica. The change of the rough breathing into the smooth is an Ionic peculiarity. Compare ^^vw.
AiQsca.

^EysiQw. The reduplication of the form iyQrjyoga consists of the whole root sysg, syncopated syg. Compare the second aorist middle rjyg-ofirjv, lyg-ia&ai. Others suppose that the first Q is an intercalation, and that the regular form would be
iy-riyoQa.

simple perfect would be oxa, by changing g into with the augment (axa with the Attic reduplication o;^w/a and by changing the second x into
"^Exoi.
o,

The

as in iargocpa from axqiqxa

*

'

'

X,

oxMitn, 6xMxa)g.
first

Compare

the

derivatives

o/?;',

oxoixv-

He

who

changed -xa
in -ow.

into -xa probably followed the analogy

of verbs

The participle oxammg is sometimes derived from the imaginary OXOSi. But the analogy of oaoax'n is in favor of an Attic reduplication. See also ol'xofiai, in the Catalogue.
'h^vw. According to Buttmann's theory, when a verb began with a long vowel, the reduplication shortened it. The perfect of this verb would be efn^fivna the metre required the first (I to be doubled but instead of this, fiv was adopted, as in anaXafjivog from naXd^tj, vavvfivog from vcovvfiog. This rule applies also to (XQaigrjyia, agalgrjfiai, from at^e'w. See also oVxo'

fiai,

in the Catalogue.

1. The second aorist of the following verbs takes the Attic reduplication. Observe, however, that the indicative takes the temporal augment at the beginning.

31,

ayo), i^yayov, uyuyoi

anctx'a^bi, TjKnxov,

'

'^yayofitjv,
'

aydyafiaL.

dudxm

'^xaxoiurjv.

dXi^(o

[AJEKJI),

ijlaXxov,

wAa'Axw,

syncopated

for rjXaXsxov,

aXnXsitto, like

^X&oVy bX&oj, for ijXv&ov, sXv&a, from

EAT-

Oil.

agaglaxw,

rjgctgov

'

'^gagofirjv.

ivlriKo, iviviTtov, iviviniov, ivivianov.

ogvvfj.t, tjgogov*

AUGMENT.

23

2. The second' aorist of ivlnton and igvaa takes a kind of reduplication of tlie end of the root.
ivinifa, ^vijianov
'

i()vx(0f

'^gvxaxov*

3d. The following take the augment before the preposition, contrary to the general rule.
Observe that the forms
^fiq)So^rfTT}aa^
'^ficpsyvoovv,
'^fxnsaxofirjv, rijinEixo^'flv, '^(xcpsa^^Teov,

'^ficpsyvorjaUf

and
time.

(lefxid^tixa,

take the

augment before and

afinixb),

after at the

same

rjfinsLxofiriv, ^finiaxov,

'^(jinLax6fif]v

and '^^nsaxo-

aficpid^co, 7]fi(plaaa, rjfKplaxa.

a(iq)iyvoi(a, '^fxcpiyvoovv

and i]fiq)syv6ovv, rjfxcpsyvorjaa. and r^fxcpsa^'^TOvv,

i^ncpio/S^TTjaa

aficpiivvvfii, rifiquivvvv, 7)fiq)leaa, rjfiq)l8afiai, TjficpisadfirjV.

aficpialSrjTfw,

'^ficpLa^rjiovv

and '^^q)sa^T}Tr)aa,
avolyoj, TJvoiyov, TJvot^a,

^fxcpio^ritriKa^ 'i]fj.q)ia^rft'^&r]v,

avaXiaxo) (xaiavaXiaxoj), xairjvdXioaa, xan^vaAw/uat.

'^voi'xO^rjv, '^volyrjv.

dvii^oliia, r}Vtt,^6kovv, rivii^olifiaa*

acpsvo), rjcpsvfiai.
acplrifxi, Tjcplriv, rjcplovv.

iyyvtxm, riyyvaov,

'^yyvaofiijv,

rjyyvijaaf

TJyyv^xsiv, rjyyvi](iai,

rjyyv^&ijv, T^yyvrjadfitiv.
ilxnoXdco, ^(i7ioXr}aa, ^^noXrjya, rjfiTioXrj^ai.

ivavtioofxai,

^rayT/w/uat,

'^yaviLW&ijv,

Thuc.

2,

40

Xen.

Mem.

4, 4, 2.

inlaiafiai, r}7itaTdfirjv, 7)7iiaTr}&rjv,

xads^o(j,ai, ixa&8^6iAr}V, Ixa&iad^riv.

xa^evdta, ixdd^svdov.
xoc&rjfiai, ixad^rifiriv.

xa&l^oj,
fiidlrifxi,

ixu&iaa (ixd&i^a), ixa&iadftriv.

fisfjtS'&sixa, fiSfisTifisvog.

The following take the the preposition at the same time.

veov,

^33.

augment before and after

inagto-

Observe that the imperfect of nagoivia has two forms, and inaQolvsov.
aficp'iyvoia} , rjficpsyvosov, 'i]fiq>syv6r)aa.

avexM,

t)vsix6fi7jv, rjvfaxofitjv.

ttvoQ&oo), riv(i)Qd^ovixr]V, tjvwQ^coaay ^vmQ&atfiai.

dioixs'(o, dEdi(oxrjij,ai later,

Athen.

8, 26.
ijiagiuvriaa, nenago^Vfixa^

ivoxXeo), rivwxXtov, '^vtoxXrjaa, rlvcoxXrjfiai,, TjVtaxXi^d^rjV.

nagoivio3, enagcavsov

and inagoivsov,

nsnagaviji^ai, inagmvri^riv,

"

m
3
i/x(O{ii(x^03, iv8X(0(ilaaa,

REMARKS.

4. The augment is put after the preposition even the simple verb has no existence. E. g.
dnoXavo), aniXavov, aniXavaa.

when

eyxsxwfiiaxa, iyxexatfilaafiai, from eyxojsv

fiiov [iv, xwfAog).

iyX^QSiay ivexilgrjooi,

from

and

x^lg,

ixxXrjaid^o), e^sxXtjalci^ov, e^sxXi^aiuaa,

hand. from ixxXrjala

(ex, xXrjaig,

xaXsw).
iv&Vfisofiai, ivTE&vfi7]fiai, ivs&Vfxi^&rjv,
inittjdsvo), sTtSTtjdevov,

from

iv

and

^vfxog.

from

inlTrjdsg or inurjdsg.

xatriyoQBbi, xaTtjyogeov, xuiTjyogriupt,

gsv(a).

from xuT^yoQog (xara, /o-

nagrjyogeoj, nagriyogrioa, Eurip.

qiaaig (ngo,

Hec. 288.
from ngo-

ngoq>(jl^o^aiy ngovcpaaiadfitjv for ngofg^aaiadfirjv,

(frjfxl).

ngocfrjTfvo), TrgoEcprjisvaa,

avvsgyeoj, avv^gyeov,

from ngog)i]Trjg {ngo, (fr]^i). from avvsgyog {avv, EPrJl).

rived

verbs dianda and 8 laxoveu), although defrom the simple dlaira and didxovog, are nevertheless augmented, as if they were compounded of did and octraw,

^30. The

xovsa.
diaiTuoj, idirjirjoa, dedujit^fiai,
dii^tcofirjv,

8irjTi]&rjv.

Compare

32
didxovm,

33.
dirjxovsov, dsdirjxovrjxa, ds8i7}x6v7}fiai, idiaxov^&tjv.

The

persons

who

first

introduced these verbs doubtless

knew

But it is not absurd to suppose that the Greeks, being misled by the sound of the finst syllable, really imagined that the first component part was the preposition did. Compare the absurd plural Mussulmen for Mussulmans, from Mussulman as if this Arabic word were compounded of Mussul and the English man!
their origin.
;

36. The following take the augment after the ponent part, although that part is not a preposition.
avrevnoiia, avTtvnsTTolrjxa, from dvvl,
agiatoTioiiofiai,
after.
sv, noiico.

first

com-

'^giaTonenoiiifiai {agiatov, noiita),

before and

imtOTgocpioj, InnorsTgotprjxa
xtt,

and

ImioTgocprjxa, XttOmnoTgocpri'

{lmiorg6q)og, Xnnog, jgiqxa),

Lycurg. 233
us'Xog,

Isaeus, 116.

fisXonouw, fxefisXonsTioirjUEVog (ueXonoiog, 10, 79.

noUa), Athen.

ndaxoj, avvsvnsnovd^wgf from avv, sv, ndoxoi.

AUGMENT.

25

1. The present of some verbs beginning with a consonant, followed by a vowel or liquid, prefixes that consonant together with i. This is essentially the same as the reduplication of the perfect.

^37.

/?i/?a(jxw,

/Si^gwaxw
ylyvofiai

BOPSl, BPOSl rENIl. Formed

yiyvoi,

/5t/5act), /5//?j?/4t,

from the simple

as follows
;

/5a).

rENJl,

yiyivw, syn-

copated
yiyvojoxb)

hence

yiyvofiai.

The

Latin retains also

diddaxoj
dldrjfii

didob), dldojfiL

didgaaxai
xtxXi]Oit(o
iilxQrjfii

Idaiofiai

(Aifiv^axci)
filfjiva

7ilfi7iXrj(j,i

TtlfxTTQi^fii

ninlaxb)
nlnloa

TtinQoiaxG)

FNOJl. J JOJl. JPASl, run away. XQ^^> borrow. Aaw MNASl, The pare UPASl. See mSL. IIAAJl, The
All, to teach.
dea, to bind.
to
xixgr^xa, to
Xoo,

the active form, gigno.

nc(Xi(a, xiaXrjxa, nixlrificti.

to wish.

fisfivrjfiui.

fisvM.

steps are

(xivoj,
ft

fii^svM,

IlylASl, ninXijxa'

is

(il^ivoi by syncope. an intercalation. Com-

7llfi7lQ1]fAl.

TtifiTtXtj^t-

nlvb),

nifinXrjfjL.

nfQcxo).

steps are tisqccm, TitnfQatd, by syn-

after the analogy of the perfect nsngaxa, ninQvi^mi. nlnzfa IJETSl, nsuKana. The steps are IIETJly Trtneioj, ^ >i->niTiTca, by syncope.

cope or rather metathesis ningaaxia,

TiKpavaxo)

(IjAJI, originally

(i^^pJZ ( 3.

1).

..

tixTto

TEKfl.
THVco,

The

steps are
:

by syncope and metathesis missible in Greek.

TiTalva

TEKSl, titbxo), titxm, iIxtm, the combination xx is inad-

TngdcD

tiTQwaxbi

TiTvaxofiai

TANJ2, TPAJl. TOPfL, TPOSL. TTXSl, TTKJl.

isiaxa.
TEVxoo,

2. In a few instances the present takes the reduplication of the perfect.

retain the
7iEcpvx(o,

Verbs, which are formed directly from the perfect, of course augment of that tense as yeydxa, ysywvco, yFy(oviax<a,.
;

lanjxw.

'

26

REMARKS.

dedlaxofitti

dsdiaxofxai
dsdliTO(ioci

dEidlaxofittL

dsidlaxofiUL

dlo),

dtdta, to fear.
*

deUvvfti, didsixa, to show.

dtdia, to fear.

dloj,

dc(o,

dslxvvfii,

Epic dsldia, to fear. Epic dddsyixai.

38. When the root begins with a vowel, or with two consonants, the second of which is not a liquid, the reduplication is formed by simply prefixing i or I.
idxca
.

AXSl.
trjfiL

Originally

^AXJl, hence FtFa;?w,

Compare

like

/?t-

^w from
a/5x'oi,

/?w,

and

finally Idxat.

/5a^w (/5^-, /?>-)

Uco,

U(o,

Xrjfii,

like &ia), ti&ia), xl&tj^i.

XnTafiui,

We may assume FJ2, hence fifESI, See 2 UTASl, TlETSl. The regular form would be
'11.
:

Baxxog, "laxxog, av'Caxog {a^iaxoq).

5. 1 (-2'F/).

/7t-

maf^ai, analogous to the perfect Tiimafxai, from the

same

theme.

Compare

lotdos, Xairi^i

regular form would be Siaxata (compare Latin sisto from sto). For the commutation of s and A, see 6.

2TASL.

I'j^tw

(I'Tiaw),

nimm.

The

Xaxfa

t^<w-

Formed from ZEXSl

(% 5. 1,

2fEX)

as follows

2EXfl,
ing

St^sxca, ^Loxca, like ^ueVw, fiifisvoi, f^ifivo). By changBut this verb, like the origiinto A (' ), loxio ( 6).

nal "eXJI, changes the rough breathing into the smooth on account of the aspirate x in the next syllable ; therefore

lax(a

becomes

laxm.

^39. The
verbs
is

reduplication of the present of the following

irregular.

dotgdantm

ddnTO), to tear in pieces.

;

The

liquid q

seems to

be an intercalation compare dagod^ofiai from xoi'w ayqvnvog from d- and vnvog.

yiaxld^w, aayx^d^co
Tioxvta
;tW,

XttXayita

^atfidoi

natqsdaaoi
7iaq)kd^(u
nontpiiot)

noicpvaooj

XAAASl, Xdava^ MAJl, (PAAZJl, (llNTJl).

xc^uxa.

x^/l3w.
v.* ^v^j^a

Xiym,

XiXayta.

(j,sfiaa.

fl^AJl.

i'cpXixdov.

nvicD

cpvadoj.

AUGMENT.

27

40.

tion, but without the temporal

Sometimes the present takes the Attic reduplicaaugment of the second syllable.
axiioiXXej,

Observe that vowel into i.

anttxi^oi

ovhtjfAt,

onmiiva change the second

/

anmcplaum
aQotQiayiO)

aiLTocXXa)
iXsXl^u)
ovlvrjfAL

ojiimevca

AXJl, APSl^ ONAJl.

eldofiai

rjaaxov, axaxrjfiftL.

A<I>fl, ^naipov,

andqxa.

7Jq<xqov, (XQUQdn.

aTocXXw, to cherish, foster.

iXlaaoi, iX^Xi/fiui.

OlJfl, onnqq, -omrig {nav-onirig).

41. The
root,
isldofittL

present in a few instances prefixes

to the

which prefix has the appearance of the augment

xaii, ^slxaii,

g-.

iiXdo^ai

isXnofMxi

isQya, to
i&sXco
eOQld^O)
igvca

(fElAJl). Compare ( (IT^Xdofiai, iXno^ai {fsXnofiai). See ^ keep {fsgyml). (pO^Ttt^W?).

!)

isUoai,

sl'xoaif

Ff-

eXdofxaL

^ovXoixocl, volo, velle, will).

1.

off

egyca

&Xot).

OQTOC^O}

gvofjai (^PTSl).

4L3. 1. It is not unreasonable to suppose that the augment, when the root began with one consonant or two consonants, was formed by prefixing the initial consonant or consonants together with the following vowel. The following seem to be some of the relics of the original reduplication.
curro, cucuri : disco, didici. mordeo, momordi : posco, poposci. pungo, pupugi : spondeo, spupondi. tondeo, totondi : tundo, tutudi,

^AAZSl,

na(fXa^(a

'.

XAAZSl, xaxXa^a.
dctQddma}, xoj^vw, fiaipdon, naicpdaaw,

To

these

we may add

noinvvoa.

See 39.

2. The next step was to substitute the vowel in the place of the radical vowel in the reduplication. This is the origin of the usual Greek reduplication. The Latin also makes use of this kind of augment. E. g.

cadOj cecidi: ccBdo, cecldi. cano, cecini : do, dedi.

fallo^fefolli
: parco, peperci. pario, peperi : pedo, pepedi. pello, pepuli : pendeo, pependi.

28
pendo, pependi
tango, tctigi
:

REMARKS.
:

sto, steti.

tendo, tetendi.

3. The usual augment (-) of the imperfect and aorist was probably formed from the reduplication by simply dropping the initial consonant thus Ktnafiov, xixvnov became, in the progress of the language, sxafuov, I'tvtiov. ^
;

^43. 1. When the verb began with a vowel, the augment was perhaps formed by prefixing that vowel together with the consonant following. This is evidently the Attic reduplication of

such forms as

axotyjxivog,

axaxruxai, dXdlrjfiai, sQEQinio,

efiSfiSTdiv,

(xyayHV, ivivlnov.

2. It seems, then, that the usual temporal augment was formed by omitting the consonant in the Attic reduplication, and contracting the initial syllables thus riy^^ originated in
;

uyayov, aayov.
It is fashionable to assert that verbs beginning with 4:, a vowel originally took the syllabic augment e-, and to confirm

assumption by referring to such forms as ea^cc, sada, idlrjv. such forms come from digammated verbs, this hypothesis cannot be said to be satisfactory its defenders must produce more decisive instances than these for example, siaoafirjv, As to ddov, it uxofii]v, tvyiava, from idofitxi, iy.vio^ai, vyialvM. is clear that it comes either from ETJSl (fEI/JJl), or from IJII (fUJl); if from the former, no change takes place; and if from the latter, its original form was efidov, hence tldov, by contraction.
this

But

as

TENSES.
The following pure verbs retain the short vowel of the present through all the derived tenses.
(xyafiai, ayaao^iai, tjyda&rjv, '^yaadfitjv.

^45.

aldeofiat, aidiaofiai, fJdiofAai, fjdiadtjv, ijdsad^riv.

axiofiat, dnioo^ai, rixiad^riv, i^axsaoig.

axrjdsco, ajci^dsacc.

uXiofiai, tjksdfifjv.
(xU(o, rjksaa, dXriXsxoc, dX^Xta^cti,

dh]Xtnm,

TjXia&r^v.

aX&ofxai, dXd^ea&Tjv.
aficpiivrvfxi,

d^cpifoa,

rifxcflioa, ri^cpkofjkai.

avxido), uvjidoM, rjvilaaa.

txvvo),

avvoM,

rjpvaci, ijvvxa, rlwofiai, rivvo^i^v.

aQUQiaHOi), dgrJQeixai.

dgidifa, dgeaoj, ^Qfoa, ^gsa&r}V.

TENSES.
agxEO), aoHsoG), ijpxsaoc.
ciQObJj aQoaot), rjQoaa,
'

29
~,
,

'

uQrjQO^ai, rjQOxTTjV,

(jpv<w, r]q)vaa.

aX^Ofiai, axd^iaofiai, '^;(&sa&r}V.

yskdcj, ysldao), yeXdaofxai, iyekaaa, f/sXoca&tiv,
dalofiaiy d(xao(iaL, didaofiai, idaaocfifjv.
fifil, i'aofiai.

iXtxvvM,

iXoc(j(a,

TJXaaa, iXi^Xana,

fX^Xa^uai, eXTJXaa^aif iXr}Xdfiiiv,

rjXrjXdfj.T}v,

rjXd&riv

and

'^Xda&ijv.

EATSl,

eXva&7]V.

ivvvfAi, too), sGot, i(j(j,ai, sdfirjv, esafirjv, eadiu7]Vf esadfirjv.

i'gafitti, fjQdodfirjV.

igda), rjgdij&rjv, igaad'^aofiaL.

igvo), egvaoj [igvco), EQvaa, egvaoficci i^igvofiai).

io&l(Oy ed^doxoc, tdrjdsuficii

and

ed^dojxai, rjdiadrjv,

&Xda), SXdoco, i^Xaan, ts&XaafxciL (rid^Xay^ai).

iXdoKOfiat, IXdaoixaL, iXdG^Tjv, iXaadfxrjv,
xaXtbJ, yaXeobJ, i;tdXsaa, sxaXta&rfV.

nfgdrvv^i, xsgdoM, sxeQaacc, xixsQuafiai, ixsQaa&fiv.

xXdoj, to break, exXixaa, xsxXaafiai, ixXda&riv,
xorso), xoTs'oofxai, exotsaa.

XQffidvvvf/i, xg8fido(a, ixgifiaaa, exgfududrjv.

Xoioi, eXosaa,

Xosao^ai, eXofudfirjv.

fialofiai, fidaofiai, ifiaadfirjv.

fisd^vaxm, eiiidvaa, fj.fiJ,E&vafiaiy ifie&va&rjv.

valbi, vdooficii, svaan, vevaafiui, ivda&rjv.
VBlXECa, VEIXEOW, EVELXEGa.
Ifi'w,
f

e'lftff/,

E^sa^aL.

oXXvfii, oXeooj,

mXEoa, oXcoXExa.
dlfioaa,
o^cajj,oxa,
ofxfofiofxai

o^vvfii,

o(j.6a(o,

and

ofico^oaftai,

MjAo&Tiv

and

lo/joa&Tjv.

ovofxai, ovoaofiaiy (oroadfirjv, wvoodr^v.

ogvvfii, ogWQE^tti.
natEOfioii, ndoofiai,

ninna^ai, innadn^^v. nEjdvvv^i, TiExdabi, iniKxaa, nETiEiaafiai

and

Jismufxat, inExd-

niTtQaaxcj, nsgdaco (), insQUGu.

mvata, mvaofiui, Enivaa, i7nvi]v. GXEdaGM, EGxidaoa, EGxidaG^ai, iaxEdda&rjV. anaa), Gndaco, Eanaaccy EGnaxa, EGnixGfiai, EGnda&fjv.
71TV01,

axEdixvvvfii,

OTOQEVVVfil, GTOQEGCO, EGtOQEatt, EGTOgEG&rjV.

TAAASl,

ijdXcxGa.

3*

30
lavixa,

*
xavvaw,
iiavvaoi,

REMARKS.
Jixavva^ai,
TSTotvvafir)V,

iravva&T]V,

leiavvao^ai.
TsXita, tsXsow, sTe'Xsoa, TeiElsxa, jsxiXsafiai, iiEXia&tjV.
tqe'o), i'tQeaa.

q>&l(a, cp&iaojf ecp&iaa, BCpd^i(.iai, i(p&lfit)v, iq)dl&i]V.

XaXcioj, xaXcicao),

ixaXaaa {exdXa^a),

xf^oiXaxiXf

nix^^Xaa^aiy t^a-

Xda&Tjv.
XS(a, XEXVita, xex^fiai, ex^&rjV.

46. The
is

verbs

quantity of the penult of the following pure variable in the derived tenses.

AAfl, aaaa, uda&rjv, uaaocfirjv. aivio), alviaco and atvi](j(a, aipEaojAai,

jjvE[dai, rivi&riv.

jjveaa

and

tjvrjocc,

ijvexoc,

0UQE03, ouQriaoi,

7]

throughout except

fjQid^rjv.

axa^/^w, unuxriGM, t] throughout except dxrjXEdazai, dvco, dva(o (i)), r/vVa {v), but a'vaov (v).
jSalvM, ^^aco, (3^(J0fiDHf
E^-qoa, ^E^rixa, ^E^afxaL

cixrjxsfiBVog.

and

^f'^aoiAUi,

yafiEO), ycx^r'iooj,

tj

throughout except yufiE&Elaa and yct^iaao-

di(o,

to bind, dijaM, Edrjaa, 5f^x, dids^av

and

dideafioti,

ids-

'&riv, dedrjaofiai.

dldcafii,

dwaoj, Edcoxoc, dsdo)y.a, didofxai, edodrjv.

t]

dvvaficci, dvvrjaofitti,

throughout except

idvv(ia&i]v

dvb), dvab) {), Edvaix,

didCxa, didvfiai, edv&rjv [v).

(Iqvo),

tXao), eXxvooj,
(fiEca,

ELgvaa {v), ti'Qvaa, fV^v^ai, and Eigva/iiai, ei^vo&r}V. v throughout except iUxiJaa {1).
rj

tvpnoj, svprjab),

s throughout except iq^r^aa. throughout except svvsd^rjv. iVQtanoi, svQ^oco, 1] throughout except Ev^e&rjv. tvivxEO), Evivx^aio, r} throughout except the later EVTvxsaa the classical Evivxriaa, Anthol. Epigr. 9, 40. EXM, ox^(S(a, rj throughout except Eoxsxtrjv.

EfisoMf i^e'oofiai,

for

xi^da), xTjdi^aa),

yEyMd^aofxai, xi^dEaai.
xExo^rjfiai

xoQEPvvfii, xoQEab), EXOQEoa,

and

xExogfOfiaii ixoQE-

a&rjv.

^vw, Xva(o {v), tXvaa, XiXvxn, XsXvfxai, eXvDt-jv (v), XEXvaofxai (v).
fidxojj.ai,

[laxiaofittL

and

iinx^aofxai,

fiffddxrjfxat,

and

fxEfioixs-

Ofxui, ifiaxEan^rjV.

VEfiw, veiii^oM,
o^(o,

o^ijam

7ilfinQi]iii,

throughout except iveuid^rjv. ^^^oa and al^Eoa. nQ^aw, rj throughout except sTtQEas.
Tj

and

o^iaco,

Ttivvoxto, nETiv[iai, tieuvvgo, ininvvfjLfiv (v).

nivmy nsTKOxa, ninofiai, ino&rjv.

TENSES.
notion, no&T^aoa, no&s'ao^ai, snodrjaa
novsoj, novr\a(x),
rj

31

'PEJl, to sai/,
a/SkvvvfiL,

and ino&saa, nsno&tjxoc. throughout except novioM, inovsaa. si'QTjxa, tj throughout except sqqs&tjv and eigi&riv.

qvofiaiy QVodfXTjV

and
tj

gvaotfxrjv.
eo/SrjHoc,

a^bow, a^tiaofxai, ea^saa,

so^safiai.

ffTf^s'w, UTsgrjaa),

throughout except earegsaa.

rs&iixa, Ts&eifiaL, sis&tjv.

tl&Tjfii, -d^riam, sd-rjxa,

^ENJl,
cprjijil,

7itcpa(xat, nffprioo^ai.

cp^aoj, sq)r}aa, Ttscpufiai.

q)ddvw, cp&dao) (a), ifpddaa and i'cp^a^oi, sq)&oiica, cp&i^aofiui. (p&ovsoj, (p&ov^uM, regular except the rare i(p&6vaa for (p^6vrjaa,
(fogib), cpogi^ato,

Anthol. 5, 304. regular except iq)6gtaa.

FUTURE AND AORIST ACTIVE AND MIDDLE.

4 7.

The

following liquid verbs have -aw, -aofiat, in the

in the aorist.

future,

and -oa

ailgm, aeggw, TJsgoa.

v
(^sgacc).

anoiggca, tggb), dndsgaa

agnglaxco (APJI), rigaa. silco (EyJJl), flaw.

d^sgojuaL, -d^sgoofiai.

mlgut {KEPJI), ysgaWy sxegaa.

xiXXo)

{KEylSl),

xsXao), txslaa.

xvgo)^ xvgaio, sxvgaa,

ogvvfii
Tslgoi

(OPJl), (tEPJI),

ogaca,

wgoa.

tigobi.

cp^slgb) {(liOEPJl), cpS^sgao).

(fvgWy i'cpvgaa.

As

to d(xsgaaL

this head, the former

and yivauL which are sometimes referred to comes from dfiegdio, and the latter from

KENTJl.
and

48.
SM.

1.

or w^o), and

i(o,

The

Futures in daco (), and iara, from verbs in doj may drop o and be contracted like verbs in aw Ionic dialect often uses the uncontracted future,

but only in verbs in ew.

dfAqnivvvfii

aw, to sate
/5i/?a^w

We

select the following.

u(iq)isa(o, (diug)Ub)) df4q)iM.

aaco, liao^oti,

sing,

^asrai, asTai,

drcct)

pro-

tracted liaxai.
ya^eo)
dixoc^o)

fiiaaofxac implies yafiiota.

(5i(3ua(o, (/5t/?a(u) /?t/?w,

Plat. Phaedr. 7.

{ynixia(a), yafisw,

ya^M.

The

future

middle ya1,

dixdato {dixdo)), diHOj, infin. dixdv,

Herod.

97.

32
iXavvco
ifieo)

REMARKS.

cIsTft^w

nEQavvvfiL

noXd^io

Ttgsfidi'vvfii,

fidxofiaL
oXXvfii

neXd^oj

nsidvrvfit Tim^jdaxo)

xsXt'co

(iXam) Dern. 229 195. KSQaaw, {mQata) Vesp. 244. (xoAao^ai) protracted -^sch. Prom. 282 Eurip. Orest. 1684; Soph. Elec. 497. nndoco, nnw. nsgav) protracted rnqdm,
iXdaoj,
iXoJ.
fJisa(o,

ifiiao^ai, {efisofxai) i^ov(xni.

e'lftw,

i^exdam, (|ctw)

Isocr.

xsqw.

xoXdaofiai,

xoXSfiaL, Arist.
jtQefidj)

xQffidaw, (x^Sjuao),

kqs[i6o3.

(xux^ao(im, fiaxsofiai, fiaxovfxai,.

oXsob), oXs'co, oXoo.

neXdato, (neXdco) tisXm, ng,

(7rTco)

{nsgdoa),

infill,

nsgasiv,

infin. Tiegdav.

''"^k-'-'

Xi(a

TeXsaa, xeXioj, tsAw.

;jf

;jfw,

a?,

x^~'^'

a few instances the contracted present is used as future, even when the regular future lengthens the radical
2. In

vowel.

E. g.

dgdw, to do
igrjfiOM

dgdoa

(a), dgcj.

igrjficoasTS, egr^fiovis,

Thuc.

3,

58

',

See

also

Thuc.

2,8; 4,85; 6,23.

3. Futures in lam (i) from verbs in /^w often drop the a and are inflected like contract verbs in icj, that is, /aw, ioofxai be-

come

iM,

lovfxai, respectively.

(See also ^
ayXa'iov^ai,

3. 4.)

E. g.
Eccl.

ayXai'^cxi
11.

ayXai'ob),

dyXaioj,

Arist.

575

10, 331. dydganodl^a)

{dvdganodlaia)
2, 2, 20.

dvdganodia,

dvdganodiovuai,

Xen. Hel.
xofAi^M

xofAtaofiac, xofiioiifxai,

Ionic

xoixisvfini

(by resolution

and contraction,
oixl^OJ

xofiiov^iat, xofAiiofiat),

Herod. 8, 62.

Tdxt^oi
^

voTfgl^oi

{o^aXhofxai) Ionic Hippocr. de Art. Compare Athen. 42. Dem. 69 Xen. Cyr, v^gl^M v^glaw, v^giw, Dem. 49. Xen. Mem. 24; Eurip. Taur. 343. Ach. 24. waiiovfim,
oixctXi^oj

olxiiCco

(otx/tfw)

otxioij,

olxiOVfXKL.

(otxr/aco) olxriw,

yEsch. Prom. 68.

ogievficei,

ofxaXiovf^ai.

ogl^co

oglaofiui, ogiovfiaL,
xo^i^oa.

4.

nvil'^M

(nvilaco) tivtlw,
'

7,

{xBLxlaoi)

Ttixiw,

TEixiov^tti,

6, I, 19.

v/Sgiovfiai.

{vaifglata) varfgiM,

(pgovil^M
^

{(pgoviia(o)

q)govTioj,

(fgovTiovy.ai,

2,

1,

cwffT/^o^at

((aatiaofxai)

Arist.

TENSES.

33
;

{ew verbs in v(o (v) drop the a of the future in which 4. E. g. case the future does not differ from the present.
*

Sqvoj

Tttvvo)

igvaco, egvia.

ravvaoj, ravva*
;

be seen that the combination uw was not contracted in this instance would be very difficult, on the supposition that v liad the sound of French w.
It will

and that synizesis

the

49.
first

1. The verbs iadia or l'5w, nlv(a and 0ArSL, form future middle without the usual characteristic a.

io&lo) or
nivoi

sdca

edo^at
'

'

also idovfiai,

after

the analogy

oC

liquid verbs.

nionai'

0ArSl
fiai.

(fayo^m

also niovfiai, after the analogy o( idovjuni.

also ipayov^ai,, after the analogy of idov-

It is evident that the future middle of I'^w, if formed according to the usual analogy {ed-aofxai, laofioLi), would be confounded with ioofiai from eifiL It is not absurd, then, to suppose that the maker of the word, perceiving this confusion, And as tacitly dropped the a, and formed at once idofiuL. nlvm belongs to the same general idea as I'^w, it is fair to supCompare pose that it followed the analogy of its sister-form. the Latin edo^ which in some of its parts (as est for edit) agrees

with suvi,
2. The later future dgccfiofiaL from JPAMJl, Wgafimf, was evidently formed after the analogy of fl>Aril, tcpayov, (pdyofim,

50. The

after the

following mute verbs form their future middle analogy of liquid verbs.

fiav&dvbj, fiadsvfiui
x/xTtO, TEXOVfiai.

Doric

for fia&ovfxai {fia&eofxai).

As
head,
for

to
it

ntaovfiai, from

nlnioa,

sometimes referred

to this

may be considered

xXavoofiai.
It is

The

as a Doric future, like y,Xaivaovfxat Ionic form maiopiaL is a resolution of

neaovfiai.

not necessary to assume a theme nE2Sl.

51. The future middle of the future active.

ayvoefo, ayvotjaci), ccyvorjaofiai.
(id (a,

many

verbs

is

equivalent to

auM, aao^ai, aasvfiaL.

ueido}, aelao), dtlooficci.

34

REMARKS.
alvim, alvtao), alvr^aia, alv^aofiai,

axovM, attovaofiui,

ui^Tsixd^bJ, avTSixdaofiai.

dTiavzdoj, aTcavxriaui doubtful, dnavtrjaofiai, Eurip.

Sup. 772

Dem. 230.
aTTSDiaQfo, ansixaaofiai.

anoXavoj, unoXavao), dnoXavaofiai. anonaTso), dnonaT^aa), dnonaTi]aoiiai, Arist. Plut. 1184.

aQTia^oi),

dqndaWy ^7ia|w,
1.

aQTidaof^cei.

^adl^m, l5(xdiov^ai, later ^adlow, Arist.

Plut.

90

Lucian.

Demosth. Enc.

alv(a, /Si^ao^ai, ^ciasvfiai, (Si^ao) causative.

(SXs'tko, (SXiipta,

^Xiipo^ai,

Herod. 2, 111; Eurip. Aul. 1192.

^X(oax(o, fioXovfiai.

^odco, ^o'^ao), ^oduoj, ^oTjOOfiai, ^odao^oii, ^(oaofiai.

Qvdt,(a, ^Qvdaofiai.

ysXaa, ysXdoco, ysXdoofiai.

y7]gdax(o, yrjgdaco, yrigdaofAai.
yiyvfuaxto, yvojaofiui.

yoaa,

yoT^aofioci.

ygv^bi, yQv^b), yQV^ofiai.

ddxma, d^^o^ai.
dsidb), diloofiai.

didgdaxm, dgdao^ai.
didgrjOHM, dgi^aofxoti.
di(6x(o, dioj^co, dioj^ofiai.

iyy(0(Aid^(o, eyxtofiidaco, iyxoofiidao^iai.

Bifil,
sifxi,

saofiai.

iXao^ni'

inioQxsM, inioQK^aojy

iniogTc^oouai,

Arist.

Lys. 914:

Dem.

1269.
ia&io), I'dofiat, idov/ncci, (pdyo^iai.

sipio, kip^aco, siprjaoixai.

&(xviud^(a,

^av^dom, ^avfidao^ai, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 12 Eurip. Ale. 157. '&SQnnsvca, 'dtqamvata, -SfQanevaofjcti, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 12 ; Hom. Hym. 1, 390.
;

TEJNSES.'^

35
~

^60), run, ^evaofiai*

^vrianta, d^avov^ai, xt^vrylw, TS&v^^ofiat*

&Q(6axoj, &0QS0fiai, &0Q0V(j.ai.

ivscD, Ivrjuo^aL,

Hippocr. de Morb. Mulier.

<5

81.

xd^voi), yafiioixaif zafiovfiai.

ydadib), xsXadi^ob), nhkadtiaofiai, Pind. 2, 3 ; 10, 96. xcAa^v^w, xeXagvaofiai, in Hesychius. xegdaivat, xBgdavioi, nsgdavM, xsgdrjata, xsgdrjaofiott*
xi^oivta, xixtjaofiai.

aXala), xXavato, xXaiTjato, xXarjOca, nXavaofiai,

xXiJiico, xXixpo),
icXsifJOfjioii.

xXavaov^ai.

xoiiw, xoTEGOO^ai.
itvt(o, xuTjtfw,

^^i
,i>

xv^ao^ai.

icvvBca, xwi^aofiCii.

XU7ITW, HVlpM, XVlpOfiai.

xwnvM, xcoHvaa Lys. 1222.

{v),

xtoxvaouai, JEsch.

Agam. 1313;

Arist.

Xayxrivcj, Xiq^o^ai, Xa^o^ai.

Xaixd^w, Xaixdab), Xaixdaofiai, Arist. Eq. 167; Athen. 15, 40. Xafi^(iv(o, Xt^ipofiocL, Xaipov^ai, Xoifjipo(j.ai.

Xdniw,

Xdipbi, Xdipofiai, II. 16,

161

Arist. Pac. 885.

Xdax(xi, Xax^aofiai.
Xixfido), Xix^T^ao/xai,, II.

21, 123.
.ifil*!

fxotv&dvM, fxa&rjOOfiai, (xa&tv[im*

valcj,

a*

*^

vdaaofim.

vavaxoXm, ravaioX^aoi}, Troad. 1048.

VBV(a,
vico,

vavaioX^aouai,

Eurip.
II.

Sup.
524.

474

nod, vivam, vsvaofdui, Odys. 16,

283;

1,

swim, vtvaovfxai'

oi8a, d'aofiUL.
olxiCca, oixtM, olxiovfifxi,

Thuc.

1,

100

Eurip. Heracl. 46.

oXoXv^dn, oXoXv^ouai,

Soph. Elec. 691.

ofiVVfii, ofxoabJ, ofj^ovfiai.

ovo^d^oj, ovofidubi, ovv^d^Ofiai.

ogdo), oipofiai.

OTOTV^W, OTOTV^OfifXL, Aust. LyS. 520.

0VQS(0, ovgr,a(o, ovQ^aofiai.

ni^QVl'J^
,n
.\%\\\

nal^co, nal^oj, nal^ofiai,

nm^ovnai.
nr^di^aouai,

ndaxoJ, mlao^av.
TiTjddbj,

nrjdr^aoi later,

Anthol. Planud. 54

Plat.

Lys. 29.
nlroj, nlofiaif Tiiovfiai.

36

REMARKS.
TtlnTOj, TTsaovfiai, niaiofiai.

7iXi(o,

nXevow, nXsvaofiai, nXsvaovfiai.

nXao), nXanjOfiai.
nvEoo, nvtvacx), nvEvaofiai, nvsvaov/xai*

novico, nov^aio, norsao), Ttovtiaoy^ai.

mv(a, TiTvaa, Tnvao^ai.

Qsta, QEvao), QEvaofiUL.

goq)S(o, Qocpriooi, Qoq)^aofiai,

Arist,
Arist.

aiyaco, aiyrjao), aiy^aofiai,

Ach. 278 Ran. 252

Vesp. 814. Anthol. 9, 27

Soph. Col. 113.

aicoTidto, oitanriaoi, aL(ani]aoy.ai.

axonsM,

ansipo/xai.

axMTTTco, ax(6ip(o, ax(x)ifjofiai, Arist.

antvdco, amvaai, onevao^cci,, Eurip. Hip.

anovda^b),

Nub. 296; Ach. 854. 183 11. 15, 402. anovdaao), anovSdaoixai, Dem. 583," Plat. En;

thyph. 3.
aiQo^ita, aTQo^^aofiai, Arist.

Ran. 817.

ovqICm, avQiObi, ovQibJ, avql^ofxai'

TAAASl,
tUtO),

TXrjaofiai.

TS^Ca, TE^O^tXl, tlHOVflUL-

TQFX^>

S-Qs^ofittLf dgotfiiofiai, dgafiov/Aai, dgnfioj,

dgd^ofiai,

Tvyxdvbjj lev^ofiui.

toj&d^w, Tca&daofjai, Plat. Hip. Maj. 22. v^QL^b), v^QiGbi, v^Qibi, v^QLov^ai, Arist. 685 ; Arist. Eccl. 666. vaxigm, voTEQ-qaonai, Eurip. Aul. 1203.
VTlsixO), VTtsl^b), VTlEl^OfiaL.

Thesm. 719

Dem.

(fSVyOi, CpEV^OfiUl, (fEV^OVflOCl.

cp&ccvco, (pd^dao), q)&i^aoftaL.
<piTV(o,

(pnvao), (piivaofiai, Eurip. Ale.

294

Mosch.
2,

2, 156.
1,

(fXl^oj, (fXlipofiai.

q)QovTi^(a,

(pgovim, cpQovTiov^ai (?),

cpvrsvaio,

Xen. Mem.
19,

24
Pind.

Eurip. Taur. 343.

(pvTEvoiy

(fVTsvaojxai,

Xen. OEcon.
I

13;

Pyth. 4, 26.
(pv(a,

cpvGM, ixq)vaofxai,.

.tfeil

Xaivw, xavov^ai.
Xavddvoif
X^^^h
;jf/ffo/iai.

;fffO|Uat,

x^oovfiai,

XOQsvoi, xoQSvaco, xoQfvaofiai.

Xgo'ttoi, XQo'i^ofiai.

xogewy

j^w^Tjao), x'^QV^oiJ,ai,
it

Herod.

5,

89

the sense to contain,

has

xfgv^ofiai,, Arist.

Thuc. 2, 20. In Nub. 1238.

TENSES.

37

the future middle has a passive " but this usage never became so fixed in particular verbs as that exhibited in the preceding section."

53.

Not un frequently
;

signification

ayavl^Ofitti, ayojviovixai (?).

adixsoif adixi^aofiai,

Xen. Cyr.

3, 2, 18.

ocydganodl^ia,
^

avdoanodiovuai transitive or passive, Herod.

1,

66;

6, 17.
a7i(XTi^ao[Aai, Plat.

avvwy avvaofiai.
anaxaa),

Phaedr. 98.

umaTm,

aniai^aofiui, Plat.

Rep.

5, 2.

aQL^^fiiWi agi&fi'^aofittt^

Eurip. Bac. 1318.

^Xdnia, ^kdipofim.
^QiX^y ^Qs^ofiai, Kaxa^Qd^oiiUi. drjXooj, dfjlcoaofxaL, Soph. Col. 581.
didoifii, iiid(6aojj.aL.

dovio), dovfjoofiat,
ioi<a,

Horn.

Hym.

1,

270.

idaofiaL.

ivedgevco, ivedgsvaofiai,
tgyo), tQ^Ofxai.

Xen. Hel.

7, 2, 18.

evXoysio, svXoyi^aofiat, Isoc. 190.

ixd^cilQCO, ix^f^QOVfiui.

^rjfiioa, ^T]fii(6aofiaif

Herod.

7, 39.

&tQa7isv(o, d^sgansvaofxai.
S^vut, to sacrifice^
ivs'io,

dvoofiai.

tvi^aoixai,

tively,

Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. ^ 38. Hippocr. de Morb. Mulier. 81.

But ac-

laxvalva, laxvavovfiai.
xalioj, xaXovf4,aL.

xaiacpQOvsG), xaxacpQovriao^ai, Plat.

xrjgvaao), xrjQv^ofiai, Eurip.

Hip. Maj. 2. Phcen. 1631.

xivsa, xiv^aofiai.

xXovsw, xXovi^aofiai, Hippocr.

xgalrci), xgavioftai.

xgaxibj, xgaxijaofiai,
xxsivto, xxavsofiui.

Thuc.

4, 9.

xojXvoj,

xaXvGo^cd

(?),

Thuc.

1,

142.

Xavd^dvto, Xi^aofxai.

Xsya, to sai/,

Xe'^ofiaL.

38
Xvo), tcaTuXvaoiioci (?).

REMARKS.

f*aQTVQS(o, fxaQxvqriijofKxi (?),

fiaoTiyoo), fiuajiyd&ofAai, Plat.

lAS^lfjflL, fis&ijooiiui.

Xen. Mem. 4, Rep. 2, 5.

8, 10

fiBiafiiXoficci, [xexafifX^GOfAat.
[iioi(o, fiiatjaoficci,

[ivrjfAovsvto, fivrjfiovfvao^cti,

Eurip. Troad. 659; Ion, 596. 611. Eurip. Heracl. 334.

vofii^Q), vofiiovfiai,

Hippocr.

ohsb), oU^ao^ai,

o^aXi^ta, o^aXiovfiai,

Thuc. 8, 67 Dem. 1341. Xen. CEcon. 18, 5.

;

ofioXoyita, ofxoXoy^aofjiai, Plat.

6vsidrC(o, ovsidiovfAui.

Theaet. 73.

Soph. Tyr. 1500.

Hippocr.

naidsvb}, naidsvao^aif Plat. Crito, 15.

naqriyoQib), nagriyogriao^ai,
7tEg&(a, nsqaofiai.

nsQisnco, nsQieiiJOfiai.
TtXfjQoo}, nXrjQ(6ao(xai,

Dem. 219.

noiicj, noirjoo^ai.

noXffim, noXE^rjaofiai,
TTQoayoQBva),
7i(aXs(o, selly

7ioXiOQxs(o, 7ioXioQxriao(xni,

Thuc. 1, 68; 8, 43; 7, 14. Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 15. nQoayoQsvaofitxL, Xen. Mag. Eq. 2, 7.
Athen. 14, 46.

TKaXi^ao^ai,

galbJ,

Qulao^uL (?). andQaaaui, anaQd^ofioci, transitive or passive, Eurip. Andr.

1209

Aul. 1459.

atgs^XoM, argt^Xioaofiai, Plat.

atvyico, GTvyrioo^ai,
TiXQaaao), TocQa^ofiai,

Rep.

2, 5.

Thuc.

7, 36. 57.

TaaaWf eTind^o^at.

Tifidbj, TL^riaofiUi

Thuc. 4, 30. generally as passive, Thuc. 2, 87. xLvdaao), diaxivd^o^aif Eurip. Bac. 588.
jrjQsw, TTjQ'^ao/xcti,

TlTQ(6ai((a, TQMaOfAOll.

tvnxva, xvTixrjao/Aai.
va), vaofxai,

Herod. 2, 14.

q>&ovi(a, (px^ovri<so^ni,
cpiXtb), q)iXi]aofiai.

Dem. 1160.
Eurip. Ion, 603

q)QovQso), cpgovQi^aofiai (?),

^53. The
in the
first

aorist active

following mute and pure verbs do not take a and middle.


TENSES.
aXiofiai or aXfvojiini, ^Xsufirlv, '^XsvdfirjV.

39

xalcOf e'xea, tHTja, txsia, iitrjd^riv, Tisidfievog.

^ETJl,
(peQta
Xe'cD,

eoasvci, asva.
tiveLXtt, rjvsi)t(ifir)V.

(JENEIKJl),
i%ia,

sxBva,

ixfd^rjv,
;

fxevd^tjv.

It is

easy to see

why

f/aa

was avoided

(compare

x^^oJ, tx^oa.)

^ *54:. 1. The first aorist in a few instances takes the endings of the second aorist, -ov, -ofirjv.
ayto,

^|

(v^ov), irnperat.

otsid(a, (rjsiadfxijv)

^alvojf e^i]odiir}V

dvw, (dvadfirjv
I'xw, (l|a)

Ttlnxa, sTisaa
(pigb),
voci,

{(oaa)

otaifisv, oi'asiv.

Xt^(a, sxsoa

imperat.
i^ov, i^Eg.

plur. u^sts.

{'^eiao^rjv), aor.

mid. imperat. delaeo.

i^tjao^rjv, ^i^aso*

idvaofiriv, dvaso.

ensaoVf neaoifxi, nsauvy nsaoov.

olae, oiaino, oi'aszSf infin. oiasfiS'

aor.

e'xsaov, x^osiv.

See

also

the

imperatives Xi^eo

and ogaeo or oqoev, from

AEXSL^
2.

oQvviii,

(^71.)
first aorist, -a, -dfirjv.

On

the other hand, the second aorist sometimes takes the

endings of the

aiQsa), dXofii^v

EinSL, dnov

dXdnrjv.
slna, iinaifiij ilnov or flnov, tina,

ivglaxb), svgofirjv

Bl'nocg.

svQdfitfV.

6oq>Q(xlvo[iai, (aacpQOfirjv
(pigfo, TJvsynov

(aacpgdfirjv.

fjvsyxct, iviyzaifiif i^veyxafxriv.

^5^0 The aorist active has two endings; namely, aa (sometimes aov, ^54. 1), and ov (sometimes , ^ 53 54. 2). In the middle, the former becomes adin^v (sometimes a6fj,f}v)j and the latter ofiTjv (sometimes dfiijv).
:

^^6. 1. With respect to we may suppose that originally

the
it

first aorist of %Mfrf verfes, was formed by annexing au

to the simple root of the verb ( 47).

In process of time the E. g. a was dropped and the penult was lengthened.
ocpdXXo) (I'acfaXaa), ea(pi]Xa.

atsXX(o {eoTsXaa), eaieiXa*

liXXta {i'riXaa), siVXa.
vififo {svfftaa), svsifia.

fiBvoi {sfisvaa), Bfiuvu.

KUQfa, Exsgaa, sxeiga.

i
40
2.

REMARKS.
This being admitted,
it

will not

be

difficult to

perceive

that the diphthong ai in the penult of the actual present must first be shortened into a and then lengthened anew into ij or .

E. g.
Y^nlQta,
jumtVw,
iysQoiQnc,

Pind. Olym. 5, 10.

xtt&alQ(0, exd&fj^a or sxd&ocQcc,

efxiTiva

xa&dgw, &C.

q>alv(o, Bq)tjV(x,

or e^lavcc, fii^vw, (p^vca, &LC.

&c.

q)Xsy(ialt>(a, icpXey^xrjvay

Hippocr. de Aer. ^ 22.

Observe further, that the radical vowel (a) of alga) and ulXofxaL becomes t] only in the indicative in consequence of In the other moods it becomes . the temporal augment. Thus,
3.
aXqbi), '^goi,

agm

aXXo^ai,

riXdfirjVf

(), agai^i, ugov, agag, wAw^ott (w),

&C.

^C

PERFECT ACTIVE AND PASSIVE AND AORIST PASSIVE.

In a few instances the last vowel (usually c) of the root becomes o or w in the first perfect.
oly(o,

57.

dyrioxu, aytiyoxoty ayctyoxsia.

dugoi)
dsldia

(AEPSl), pluperf. pass. 3 sing. SmgTO

(for i^sgTo).

(JETJl), dtdoixa analogous to XsXoina from Xdnco. ia&io) {td(o), id^doxa, idrjdofxai, implying EJEJl formed from the simple theme td(o. sxoj, perf part, avvoxcoxwg (for avvoxwxag)* itjfii (^ESl), I'cDxa, I'wvTat, dviavxai or dvsovTat, analogous to e(o&a from t^w, and soXna, sooXnuv, from 'dXnoa. xXsTTTb), xixXocpa, analogous to ninov&a from JIENOSl.
Xayxdvto
fislgofim

{AErXJl),
(MEPJI),

XiXoyxoi.

Xiyoo, to collect, slXoxa.

perf. pass. part, fiffiog^ivog.

'

$vvvs(pB(o, ^vvvivocpa.

-ii

Ttdaxoi, TTsnoaxot, nsfino), ninofxcpa,

analogous to aytjyoxa from aya*

Thuc.

7, 12.

nXsxoJi TifTiXoxn,

Hippocr.

aigegxa, saTgocpoi.
rgsTico, rdrgocpa
cpigta

and

eigocpct.

{ENEKSI),

ev^voxoc-

^58. The
dm and
sco

is

formed
'

perfect passive subjunctive of a few verbs in after the analogy of verbs in fii {Xairjfih
dvva/j-ai, dvvcofiai).

luiaifiai, dcpiairjToci

TENSES.'

'

4^
xe'xri],

xidofioci,

xixtrjfieii

xtxTMfiai, hsxttJ, xsxT^tat, plur. nsxrMfiE'

<&a, xExzrja^s, xexibivzai

or xixuxi^ai,

xsxiritttt,

plur.

xfKTWjusi^a, XBXtr,a&f, xfxioovTai.

fiifiV7}axta, fisfjivrj^ai

fisfivwfiai, fiffiVjj, liffxvrjrai, plur.

^SfAVw-

fisda, ix(fj,vrja&6, fif^vwvraL * or fis^vfa^ai, ^ifivri, fxsixvrjTai, plur. fiSfxvb)(AS&a, fis^vrja&s, fiifivojvtai.
oQvvfii, oQcoQSfiocL

TSfiva, TST^rifiai

pcrf.

mid. subj. 3 sing,

ogaigjijai.

EXTSTfjii]a&ov.

1. The perfect passive optative of a few verbs in the analogy of verbs in fii, (XuTrjfn, laxai^riv dvvapoth dvvalpriv), but almost always changes at into rj.

^9.

u(o follows

'

/5aUw, ^i^lripai

Compare

^Xfjo,

xalioj, xixXtjpaL

xsxXjjads, xsxXjjVTO.
XTciofxai, xixTTjpaL

and
is

^f^hlprjv,

plur.

^elSlrja^e, dia^f^Xjja-&s.

fpnhjprjv from nipnlripi.

xsxXjjo,
xsxXfjXO, plixr^^xsxXf/ps&a,

xsxXi'jptjv,

xexTrj^rfV, xsxTjjo, xixxfjio, plur. xsxTjjps&a,

XSXrjjG&S, XSXTJ]VTO.
Xv(o,

XeXvpai

XeXvprjv,
L

vvpi.

The

3 sing. XeXvto, like dairvTO from dalrejected, because the diphthong vu cannot

stand before a consonant (Eustath. ad.

pipvi]axca, pb'pvrjpat

II.

13, 379).

pffivrjfifjv, fispvjjo,

pspvjJTo, plur. (xspv^-

Ij-s&a, pfpvf]a&s, pfpvfjVTo, pvaivro like dvvaivjo).

also ^fpvalaxo

(Ionic for pi-

2.

Two

verbs, xxdopai and ^ifivT^axm, form the perfect pas-

sive optative also after the analogy of contract verbs in do) {xipdoj, xtpaolptjv xip(a(ir}v).

xxdofiai, xixT7]fiaL
-&,

XEXXWO&By XEXXMVXO.

pipvi^axWf pspvTjpat, pspvMprjv, ps^ivmo, pfpvMxo (resolved pSpVSWXo), plur. pSpVMpi&Olf (XEpVMO&S, pSfiVMVXO.
3. Further, for pepvjjo or pspvao, we find pipvoiOy a genuine form, because contrary to analogy. Compare xQfjAolfATjv, xgsalso pififeo, pEpvopsvog. poiad^e, from xgspapat
'

x(xi(ojur)v, xsxxo)0,

xExxaxo, plur. xexx(upe-

4. The subjunctive of xd&rjpai (from the theme ^EJl) is xa&afpai, xd&jj, xd&rjxai' xa&iapsd^a, xd&rjo&s, xd&(avxai, with the accent as far back as possible. The optative, xa&olptjVf
ptjv, -oio)

xd&oio, xd&oixo, &LC. follows the analogy of verbs in compare pipvoio ( 59. 3).
;

{xvnxol-

^ GO. In a few instances, the perfect passive infinitive and participle take the accent of the corresponding forms of the present, that is, on the antepenult.

4*

'^'

'':'-'

^-

42

REMARKS.
axa/riadai, anaxriii^vog OX anuxKoi, oix(xxt}fio(t rl&eadaL, ii&^fMSvog and ri^efisvog.
nXdo^tti, aXdXr}fj.ai

aXngalro}

uXiTrJi^evog.

iXavvco, eXi]Xa[xaL

'ESI, xd&Tjfxoii

oncrjXsfitvog,

like

cddkria&ai, uXaX^fievog.

sX7]Xufi6vog.

^ifievog,

xa&i^fxsvog, the infinitive

always

y.a-

&7ja&ai properispomenon.
(XL^vi^axb)^
{iifivrjfiat

ixsfivoixEvog

with

the

ending of the

present.

2ETSI
present.

iaavfisvog.

Observe that the perfect of these verbs has the force of the

^61.

Not unfrequently

the perfect and aorist passive of

pure verbs insert a before

^lai, ^ijv.

AAfL, dda&riv.
liyotfiai, 7]ydad^f]V.
ciidsoiJ.cci,

fidsufiai, rjdea^rjv.

duovoj, rjxovGfiai, '^aova&tiV.

aXs'oi,

aX^Xso(iai, r)Xia&r}v.

aXd^ofiah dXd^Ea&^vuL.
dfx(piivvvfxi, rjfi(flsofiaL.

ax&ofiaif r]X&ia&7]V.
^od(o, f^wad^rjv.
^VEOJ, (Ss^va^ai.
^

yiXdoi, iyiXda&7]v.

yLyvwaxw, eyvcaa^aif Eyvwa&riv.

dalof-iai, dt'daafiai. 8i(a, to

bind, dsdeafioti.

dgdca^ didgaofiixL, id^dadriV.

dvvafxoci, idvrdodrjv.

dgvo), d'Qva^ai, uqvo^iiv.

IXavvm,

eXrjXaafitxt, 7iXd(s3i]V,

EATfL,

iXva^fjv.

Evvvfii, ea^ai, Ua^r^v.

iadloi, idi^8eo^ai, rjdsa&rjv.

^blvvvfii, E^wafiai.
'&Xd(a<,

"^

-s

Ts&XaofiaL.

'&gaiia),

ti&Qavfiat
;

6,

and ri^gavofxaiy i&gava&i}V, Xen. Ages. 2, 14 Soph. Antig. 476.

;

Plat.

Leg.

TENSES,
iXaattofitti,
itaXsco,

43k

lXda&r}V.

ixaXia&tjv.
}CBxiXsva{j,ai,

xsXsvcj,
1,

iy.sX(va&rjv,

Xen. Cyr.

8, 3,

14; Thuc.

139.

xfgccvvvfxi, xEHsgaaf^aL, ixsQua&fjV.

xXalo), enXava^Tjv.

xXuM, break, xixXaafiat, iaXua&rjv.

xXiia, to shut^ x^xXsiai^ai, inXsla^rjv.
itXrjlb}, icsxXT^iafitti,,

ixXrjla&rjv.

Hvaio), xhvaia^oiL,

ixvaia&tjVf Arist.

Nub. 120

Pac. 251

Hippocr.
vd(o, KBxvria^ai, iKvtja&tjV.

and ixoXov&tjVy xoQSvvv^t, xsxoQEUfiai, exogsa^fjv.

xoXovco, iyoXovo&i]v
XQffidvfVfii, eKQSfiua&rjv.

Thuc.

7, 66.

xgovoj, xexQovfjiaL or xsxgovafiai, ixgovad^rjv, Arist.

Ach. 459

Xen. Hel.

7, 4,

26

Thuc.

4, 7.

xvXloj, xexvXiGficiL, fxvXca&rjv.

Aft'w, to stone, iXtvadtjv,

Soph. Col. 435.

fidxofiai, [X((X(xxsafiai.

fiifxv^axo), f^vi]a&T}v.

ralco, vsvaofiai, ivda^rfV.

V8(o, to

,^.

^^

heap,

vfvrjoiJiai.

yfw, to spin, vsvriOfzaL.

'^6(0,

e^sGfiai.

oi'ofxaL,

Wi'a^^v.

hvofiai, (ovoad^rjv.
7ial(x),

Tisnaiofiaii inaia&Tjv.

nocXaioi, nsndXaiOfiai, eTiaXala&ijv.

naieofiai, ntndafi7]v.

7isjdvvviJ.i, TisTTSTaafiai, insTdad^rjv.

nl^nXr^fii, ninXijaf^ai, inXi^a&rjv.

nlfiTTgrjfii,

nsngrjafiui, ing^adrjv.

ninlaxo), inlad^rjv.
TiXioj,

nsnXsvaftai, snXsva&rjv.

nvscn, i7iv8va&7jv.

ngiMy nengtaixai, sTigia&i^v. galea, iggulad^rjv, ALsch. Prom. 189.

gcjvvi'ixi,

tggcaa&rjv.

ad(o, sift, oearjafxai.

a^ivvvfii, sa/Seafiai.
asibi, aiasLGfxai,

eadadriv.

44

REMARKS.

axEduvvvnii iaxf'Saoficii, eansdda&i]V. onaca, eanaofiai, ionda&rjv.

aTOQivVVfXL, faTOQEO&TJV.

Tuvvio, TSTUvva(xai, iiavva&rjv.

jsXsco, TBieXsafiai, iisXsa&rjV.

tlvm, TETiafiai, hla&riv.

i;w, va^cti, vu&tiv,

Xen. Ven.

9,

Herod.

3, 10.

cpsQW, {bla&tjv) ola&riao(Am.

g)Xu(a,
(fXvo),
(p^fft),

niq^Xaa^ui, icpXdaS^Tjv. scorch, nicpXhvafiai, TtsQinicpXeva^ai.

icpQT^a&riv, in

Suidas (voc.

excpgrju&ivicav).

%ciX(i(a,

KS/dXaofiai, ixaXda^riv.
xixouofiai, fj^wai^Tjv.

x6(a

and /uwv^l,

XQdo),

xexorjOfjioiL, i/Q'qa&rjv.

Xgib), at^o^M^''

^"^
;

xf;^^/a^f, (xglodriv,

Herod. 4, 189

Xen.

Cyr. 7,

5,

22

^sch. Prom. 675.

;

X(avvv(jm see xooa.

xpaixa, eipavofiai,

Hippocr.

itfjava&rjv later.

THIRD FUTURE PASSIVE.

6S. The
is

passive
It is

number of verbs, of used, seems to be small.

which the

third future

vowel have no third future passive

It is hardly

observed that liquid verbs and verbs beginning with a except q^vQO), TisqjVQaofiai.
;

necessary to remark, that, with respect to signification, the third future passive is equivalent to the perfect passive participle and the future of dfii. Thus, ysygocipofxat is
ye/QCffj^ivog eaofiai,
iSdXXfo,

^s^Xrjaai ^s^X^aofiai. ^i^QMoxb), ^i^Qtaaai iSs^gbjaofiai.

/JAoeTTTO),

^s^Xaipat,

ygdcpa), y^yQcupai
dafidb), dedfitjaaL

dsxofiai, dede^ai

dsM, dideaai
drjX6<a,

d^djitb),

yXalca,

xXsio), TtsxXfiaaL

dsdi^ao^ai equivalent Hippocr. xsxXavaaL KinXdao^aL, xoniM,

dedi^XaaaL
Te'&aipaL
dEdrjXojaofiaiy

(Se^XuipOfiuL.

ysygdipofiai,

Soph. Tyr. 411.

dedfi^aofiai.

dsds^ofxaL.

to ds&ijaofiat.

xi&dipo^ai.

xaXs'ca, xiyXrjaai

xfxX^aofiai.

TtSKXavaofxau

xsKOipuL

Hexoipofiixi.

tenses'.

45

ygvuTM,
itTccoi^ai,

TtEyQVipcti

idxTtjaaL

Xav&ctvb), Xslrjaat
Xeyco, XiXf^ai

Xunm,
Xvojf

Xcksiipai

XsXvoai

fxiyvvfiL, |Wf'|Ut|at

fiLfiv^aub}, fisfivrjaccL

navia,

Tilfxngtjfii,

niTTgdaxo), nsTiQaaai
&7Jaojj.ai.

nXriaobJy nsnXrj^ai
noiita, TTETiolrjoai,

ngdaato,

'PESly ttgriaau

aiydca, asalyrjaoti

axonsco, saxsipuL
Taaao), xixa^at
XSVXO), TSTV^ai

lavvoj, ThxdvvaaL

middle. ninavaai nsngdaofxai equivalent equivalent ninga^ai

fisfii^ofiat.

ysygvipoixai.

jcsxT^oo^ai, exTT^ooficct, as the future to xsXsXi^oofxai as

middle.
3, 53.

IsXs^o^ai,

Thuc.

XdslipoficcL as

the future to XeXsi^^ai,.

XiXvao^ai.

fisfxvi^aofiai

as future to fxi^vri^ai.

nsTtavaofiai as

ningriaai

TisnQrjoofiai.

to the rare

nga-

nenXri^oixai.

nsTtoiijaofiocL

to 7ioir}&i^ao^ai

nsngd^ofxai.

tlgriaEiai.

asaiy^aofiai, Plat. Epist. 3,

TEiavvaofiai.

311, 17.

iaasipofiaiy as future passive.

TT|0|Uat.

Tifidb), TEjlfiriaai

TgsTKO, TExgaxpai
(poLM, to

TETEV^OfXai.
TExifii^aoiJoiij

Lysias, 885.

TETgdipofiai.

shine, {nicprjaoci)

0AJI,

(piXico, TtEcpiXtjoai

(fvgM, 7iq)vgaai
XoXooi,

Xgccofiai, XExgrjauL

xExoXwaui

to kill, nicpaaat

nEcpriao^ai.

7iE(p^oofiai as future

middle.

neqiiX'^aofiai.

nECpvgao^ca.
xExoXcoaofioci as

future middle.

xExg^aofiai.

In a few instances, the third future occurs also in the But, with the exception of eaTry^w and TE&vri^(o, it takes the ending of the future middle, after the analogy of active verbs of which the future assumes the ending of the middle ( 51).
active.

63.

Laxr]fii, saxTjxcc

xTjdoj,

xExtjda

saw^^ia, EOXTj^ofiat.

(xExadriObj), xExadi^aofiai.

Here

the radical

vowel was shortened because used in a dactylic verse.

xXd^co,

xexrjdrjaofxai

could not be

XExXnyya

xgdCco, xixgayct

XaigcD, x(xngr,(ag

(xExXdy^oi), xixXdy^oficti.

{xExgd^w), xExgd^ofj,ai.
xEXixgrjaco, xfxagi]aofiai.

46

REMARKS.

the perfect of these verbs has the force of the present, it evident that the third future is their natural future; just as fiSfivi^ao(iaL is the natural future of nBfivri(xai*
is

As

SECOND AORIST AND SECOND PERFECT.

64. The following list contains nearly all those verbs of which the second aorist and second perfect are used.

Observe that the radical vowel of a/HQw,

akt^oi,

iyelQCo,

EJETOJly

ETibj,

I'fo),

xe'koi^ni,

nho/xai,

TEMIl,

dropped in the forms aygofisvog, akaXxov, tano/xrjv, Xaxov and iaxofirjv, nfxXofitjv and TST^ov and ETstfioVf nicpvov and iJifcpvov.
Observe,
afiaQTavo)
TTW
'

0ENJI, is ^X&ov, tanov and

inTo^tjv,

ixszXofitjv,

also, that metathesis

takes place in tJ/i^qotov from

'

Edganov, edQvcxrjV, from dsgyofiai

sTiQa&Ofirjv,

Wganov from
jgantlofisv

^^e-

ajigad^ov,

from nig&M
*

'

and

from

TSQ7l(0.

ayyiXXo), TJyyEXov
ayvvixif iayrjv

'

rjyysXrjv

rjyytXofitjV.

aysiQ(Oy '^ysgoi^tjv, part,

syncopated aygofisvog. rarely ayi]v mya, Ionic etjya, as intransitive

'

or passive.
ayo), ijyayov
cclgso)
'

rjyayo^tjv.
'

(Eudfl), slXov tlXofitjV, slXufirjV ( 54. 2). ai'gb), 2 aor. subj. e^dgj] {ocgj]), rather doubtful rigo^riv. ala&dvofiai, i]a^6fir]V.
:

axa%t^(0, TJxaxov
axovot), oixi]xoa.

'

^xa;|fo^)jv.

dXdaivoj, 7]Xdavov.
aXilcpai, r]Xlq)TjV.

aXl^o)

(aAEKSL),
'

TJXaXitov,

rarely rjXxadov.

aXiTQahco, rjXiTOV
aXXofiai, rjXofiTjv.

rjXiTOfiijv.

aXXdaab), '^XXuyrjV.
aXvaxco, aXvaxavov.
uXq>dv(a, TjAqpov.
a^aQT(xv(t)y TJ^agTOV,

Epic

rjp^gorov.

d^inexa, rjfj.niaxov
afivvco, rj(j.vva&ov
'

'^/xniaxofxrjv, rjfineaxofitjv,

afj.7iXaxlaxat, i]jj.7iXnxov, i^fx^Xaxov.

r}fivva&6i^7}V.
'

ANEOJl,
dvayo),

Epic tvadov scida, Doric I'a^a. dvrjvo&a as present. avolyco, '^voiytjv avsoyya as present neuter.
avddvb), sadov, ddov,
'

avaya as present.

( TENSES.
anacplayito, rjnncpov
'

2|y

rjnacpofirjv.

agaQlaxw, rjgagov '^Qagofirjv agdga, lonic agaQvia, as present neuter. agioTao), r^glajaa.
'

'

agrjQtt,

Epic. part.

ofgnd^oj, rjgndyrjv.

ATPJl, see enavglaxto, inavglaxofiai.

(Salvb),

/?/?.
'

^dXXa, B^aXov

i^aXofirjv.

BAPEIL, 2 perf. part, ^e^agrjiag ^i^gwaxta, 2 perf. part. ^s/Sgwg.

^Xdmco,
^Xtoaxo)
i^Xd/SfjV.

as passive.

^Xaoidv(a, s^XaoTOV.
^ovXofiai,

(MOASl)f ffxoXov. Epic ngo^s^ovXa

as present.

JBPAXSl, t^gaxov.
^gsxM, e^gdxr,v.
^gl&ta, i^gT^a as present.

fPgoxnv. ysyavlaxojj yeytova as present.

yrj&eoi),

BPOXJl,

ysyrj&a, Doric yiy&d^a, as present.

'

yiyvo^ai, eysvofxriV yXvqxa, iyXvq)i]v.

yeyova, Poetic yf'yaa.

1,

ygd(pa, iygd(pTjV,
daict),

Thuc.
'

133.

The

1 aor. pass,

iygdcp&rjv

does not occur,

at least in

good Greek.
present neuter.
,

to burn, idaofitjv

dedrju as

daxvoj, sdaxov {dixaxov).

dafxdoj, iddfirjv.

dag&dvot), tdag&ov,
tive.

Epic tdga&ov
'

'

iddg&rjVy idgdd^rjv, as

ac-

AAll,

to teach, sdaov {didaov)

iddijv, dsdaa.

deinvso), d

sdscnvaa.
'

dsgxoixai, sdgaxov
digto, iddgrjv.

idgdxTjv

'

didogxa as present.

AIKSl,

tdixov.

8iMX(o, idiuxa&ov.

dovnsb), idovnov
dgsTKo, i'dganov.
dvco, idvT}v.

'

didovna.

iydgo), tjygoixrjv syncopated

iigy(o,

sygrjyoga as present neuter.

iigya&ov.

s&(a, eV(o&a,

Ionic eco&a, as present.

ETAJl

(lASl),

eUov
:

{i'Sov),

olda as present

sida ( 54. 2) ddofiriv, pluperf. fidsiv as imperfect.

:

idofitjv

'

REMARKS.
rxw, to appear, seem, sotTta

(sha), Ionic oha, as present

2
il'xG),

pluperf.

ialitEiv

as imperfect.

to yield, sl'iCtt&ov

silto, idlrjv, aXriv.

( 54. 2), Epic ssmov, I'anov. UQya&o^riv. 2 pluperf. icoXnEiv as imperiXnoi, BoXna as present middle fect middle.

EinSL,

Einov,

una
'

sigya, d'gya&ov

ivalga, rjvagov.

ENEOSl,
ivlnxdj

ivrivo&a as present.
ivlaaco, to chide^

ivSTKO or ivVETKO, EVLOnOV.

and

ivivVnoVy rivlnanov, ivevrnxoVi or

in7]vg6^rjv,

ivsvianov.

iTiavglaxw, sTiaVQtaHO^ai, inavgov

'

sno^ai, sarcov EnSl, see EinSl.

871(0,

'

sanofir^v.

igym {sXgytxi), egya&oV igya&ofxrjv. tgda or egdia {EPEII), to do, eogya' 2 pluperf.
igsixco, figixov

iojgysiv.

commonly

intransitive.
:

igEino), TJginov intransitive

riglni]v

'

igrigma as neuter.

EPOMAI,

to ask,

rig6(jiriv.

igvyyavti, ^]gvyov.
igvxta, rigvxaxov.

egXOfxaL

{EATOSI, EAOfL),
sdco
'

ojXv&ov,

^X&oV

iXi]Xv&(x,

Epic

siXi^Xov&a, eXrjXov&ojg, rarely 7JXv&a.

ia&lo)

and

{^AFJl), tcpayov
'

'

tdtjda.

svgiaxco, svgov
^(M,

evg6fj.rjVi Bvgafiriv

( 54. 2).

ea%ov, (.ax^d^ov

iaxof^rjv.

^svyvv(^i, i^vyr]V.

&dXX(o, e&aXov

'

Ts&rjXa (js&aXvla), Doric xi^dXa, as present.

&u7ti(x), hacf)i]V.

OAdiJl, ixa(pov' T^ij;ra as present.

&Elv(a, E&IVOV.

Sego/Aai, e&egrjv.
S^iyyavo), E&iyov.

&Xl^oi, i&Xl^rjv, ix&Xi^M,

'&v'^ax(o,

B&avov
&ogov.

'

Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. 15. Te&vcca.

S^gvuim,
S^goiaxfo,

ergvq)r]V.

lxvsoiJ,aiy IxofiTjV.
XaTfjfii,

taxaa

as present intransitive.

xalvto, Exavov.
xalot), ExdfjV.

xdjuvo), Exotfiov (xExafiOv)

'

ixafioftrjv

'

perf. part. xEXfirjcog*

KA<PEfL, 2

perf. part. xexoKptjcos as present.

TENSES.
XBigoi, ixdgrjv,

411

xsXofiai, asttXo^Tjv, ixsxXofitjv.

XExev&a as present. Hsv&w, Bxv&ov (xixv&ov) kij5g), itixrjda as present middle.

'

xfjjfavw, exixoV'
xioj,

'

T:

%
^.

ixla&ov.
'

'

h: ttXd^o), ixkciyov

xixXrjya, xixlayyuj as present.

'

xXsTtTW, ixXanov

ixXdnrjv.
>,

xXlveOy ixXlvTjv.

xoTiTW, ixonrjv
xogevvvfiii

xixona.

perf. part, xsxogriag as

middle.
-^

Mojsa,

perf. part. xsxoTriwg.

'

xgd^o), I'xQuyov

xixqdya as present.
'

KPIZSl, sxQixov
.

xixgVya as present.
"

KQvmoi, txQV^ov ixQV^rjVf also (exQV(pr}v) XQV<pds. XTVw, exiavov exzova.

' '
.

>;

XTvnio), i'xTvnov.

Xayxavbi, tXaxov (Xe'Xaxor).

Xafi/Sdvco, sXoc^ov
.1
'

iXa^ofiriv (XEXa^ofifjv).

Xd^nta, XiXafina, Eurip. Andr. 1025. Xav&dvta, tXa&ov {XsXad-ov) iXu&ofiriv (Doric XsXa&a as middle).
'

{XBXa&ofirjv)

'

XiXrj&a
XiXrjxa

Xdaxa, i'Xaxov

'

eXaxofirjv

{XsXaxofitiv)

'

XiXdxa,

Epic

{XeXaxvla), as present.
Xiyb), to collect^ tXeyrjv.

Xslnoi, sXinov

'

iXmofnjv

'

XtXoina.

Xdxfa,

perf. part. XfXEixiifag.

Xinta, iXdnriv, Arist. frag.

2H. The

1 aor. pass, is not found.

j^

Xiaoo^m,

iXuoixrjv.
'

(laivcj, ifidi>r}v

fifij,r)va

as present middle.

fiav&dv(o, sfxa&ov.
fidgnia), f'fiaTtov {fis^anov, fidaob)

fAt^agmov)

fxsfiagnoc.

{MArSl), ifidyrjv, Plat. Theaet. 118. MAJl and MENU, fisfiaa, ^i^ova, as present. MEIPfLy Efifiogov e'fi^oga as middle.
'

fieXto, fie'fiTjXa

as present. as present. as present.

fxrjxdofiai, sfiaxov
fiiyvvijif E^lyriv.

'

fxifiTjxa

fivxdofiai, sfivxov

'

ij.ifivxa

vicpm, ^vvve(pi(a, ^vvvivocpa, oi'yw, ol'yrjv, i'loya, see the compound dvolya. oXia^alvM, o)Xia&ov.
oXXvfxi,, (oXo^Tjv,

oXcaXa.

ogdfa {OIlJl)f

onwna.

5i
oQvvfii, bjQOQov
'

REMARKS.
MQontjv
'

oQ(OQ(x as presciit

middle,

ogvaaw, wQvyrjv.
oaq>Qalvo^(tL, waq>q6^riv, aa(pgoifii<}V (^ 54. 2). ocpuXbif wcpeXov.
ocpXiaxdvo), acpXov.

^
'

ndXXa, 2 aor. part. TtsnaXfov, aimenotXwv 7t(xax(o, ETia&ov mnovd^a. Epic 7tsnr}&a

indXriv.
{nETiot&v'ifA),

rare

and

Doric ninoaxot'
Ttsid^Wf

mi&ov (nini&ov)

'

im&6(j,fiv {neni&oiirjv)

'

ninot&ot

as present middle.
nsgdofiui, snaQdov
'

nsnogda as present.

TisQ&w, snga^ov
TtTJyvv^i, indyrjv

'

inga&ofirjv.

nhofxai, inzofirjv.
'

ninriya,

Doric ninaya, as present middle.

1 )
*

miov. nlm(o, tnsrov, sneaov (^ 54.

nlvco,

perf. part.

itBTur^ag,

ns-

meojgt

nsmug.

The 1 aor. pass. inXsnXiHw, inXdxrjv, Eurip. Hip. 1226. X&rjv is also used as middle, Odys. 23, 3 ; ^Esch. Eum.
259.
nXi^d^(o,

ninXfj^a.
'

nXi^aaoj, ninXrjyov

inXi^yrjv, inXdyriv

'

nBnXijyofxrjv

ninXfjya.

nvlyco, inviyrjv.

IIOPSI, enoQOV {tteticcqsIv). ngdaaoo, nsngaya, Ionic nsngrjya, intransitive. inxdgriv. TiTcxgvvfiai, eniagov 2 perf. part. nsTiTrjwg. mrjaado, smajtov TiivgofiaL, inrvgrjv, Hippocr. TTTvaata {nTrrJl)y inTvyrjv, Hippocr.
'

'

mva^

i7iTVi]v.

nvv&dvo^ai, inv&ofiriv.
gdnio) (PA<IiJ2), eggd(pr]V, Eurip. Bac. 243.
gi(o, iggvrjv.

Q^yvvy.1, iggdyrjv

'

sggmya as present passive.

'

QiysojyXggVya as present.
ginibiy iggiq>rjv.

ir;

^^
-s*^

aaigw, oiarjga as present neuter. 2'ETJl, 2 aor. pass. sing, dnsaaova (Jaaova). arjnw, iadnrjv ' asarjua as passive or middle. uxdmw {2KA^Sl), iaxd(p7)v, Eurip. Hec. 22.
pass, is not found.

The

aor.

2KEAylSl, 2 perf
a^vxw,

part. taxXTjw? as middle.

iafivytjv doubtful,

Lucian. Dial. Mort.

6, 3.

ondgw,

iondgtjv.

TENSES.
GtUXW, EOtlXOV.
atiXko), eatdXrjv.
(jtsgyb),

51.

iOTOQya, Herod. 7, 104.

aiegio), iajigrjv.
aTgicpai, ioTQucpriv.

atvyica, eaivyov,

avgwj
oq>ai^oi

iavQtjv^

or acpdiTca, iacpdyrjv.
aor. part.

aifdkXoi, iaopdXr^v.

TAFSLy 2

Tnayav,

TAylAIl, TExXaaf tdaaw, ixdyTjv.

TSfxvtOj
T(ir]fog

xeiXrimq.

sTs^oVy ttafiov

'

iTBfiOjj^ijVy

itafiofitiP

prf.

part, tc-

as passive.
TSTflOVy BTSTjXOV,
'

TEMSLy

TtQTKOy iidQTiTjv (jQaTidofiEv)

tigaofiaiy hiqariv.
T^xaty hdxriv

staQTtofirjV (jEzaQTiofiriv),

jhrjxa as middle. TIEIL, 2 perf. part. Tsuriojg.

'

t/jCTWj BTSXOV

'

hsXOfiTjV

'

TSTOXa.

%nQ(OaX(0, TBTOQOV.
TiTvaxofiai,
jfiTiyoj,

rhvxov
'

'

rtjvxofirjv*

hfiuyov
'

itfxdyTjVy iTfU^yrjv*

tOQECO, BTOQOV'
rQETKt), EZQCtnov

itgdnriv
iTgd(f)fjV.

'

Ejga7i6fir}V.
4

TQE(foay sTQttq)OV

'

jgsxto

(jPAMfLy JPEMJl),
xhgxya as present.

sdgafiov

'

didgo^oc.

rgl^o), hgl^riv (i), Arist.

Pac. 71.

tgl^Wy

xgojywy txgayov*
Tvyxdvoiy Exvxov. Tvnxojy SXV710V {xExvTiov)
jv(p(ay ixv(prjv.
'

ixvnrjy.

(falvoj, ecpavov

'

icpdvriv

'

i(pttv6fir}V

doubtful

niipijva as

mid-

dle.
(fEido^at, TXECpidoixrjV.

fPENSl,
(figo)

JXECpVOVy E7lE(fV0V.

ffEg^cjy TiECfog^a.

(ENErKSl),

rjvEyxoVy rjvEyxa (% 54. 2).

(fEvyWy Eq)Evyov

nECpEvyUy nstpv^oxEg*

<p&Eig(y iq)^dgr)V

Eq)&oga.

<p^iv(Oy Bcpd^L&ov rather doubtful.

^AAZfLy
is rare.

EcpXttdov.

(pXdycoy icfXiyriVy

Anthol. 12, 178.

The

1 aor. pass. icpXExd^riv

^; y^ii;
::ii.:

(fXl^Oiy i<pXl^riv (r),

Hippocr.

,..vi :w

.^,

52
(fQix^ia, 7ii(pQ(xdov,

REMARKS.
inscpgadov.

(fQuaob), i(f)QOLyi]V.

g)Qvy(a,

icpQvyrjV.

(pvQW, i(fvgriv.
(pvo)f iq)V7]v
X(x^(*i}
'

nicpva as present middle.

'

xexadov

xsxadonrjv.
f^i^arov
'

Xttlvoj

and xdaxo),
'

xf'xtjva
'

as present.

XctiQOi, iXf^Qtjv

xExagof^fjv
*

perf. part, xix'^grjojg as present.

Xavdolvb), sxadov
Xs^oJ, BX^aov

ysxotvda as present.

( 54. 1)

xixoda.

XAAZfL, xEx^ttda. XPAI2MSI, i'xQUia^ov.

ipvxto,

iipvyriv,

eipvxrjv,

Arist.

Nub. 151
the

iEsch. frag. 95.

The

1 aor. pass, iipvx&r^v is rare.

1.

65.

Strictly

speaking,

following preterites

in

-ad^ov, -E&ov, -a&6(ir]v, with respect to form, follow the analogy

of the imperfect. In the dependent moods, they follow the analogy of the present. It is observed, however, that the present indicative of forms in -d&on is not used.
aXs^w, '^Ixa&oVj aXyta&eiv.
afivvbij

Tjfivva&ov, ay.vvad^By afivvd&siv

'

r]fivvad^6fi7]V,

a^ivva-

&ol(ir}V, a(j.vvd&ov.

diwxm, idiooxa&ov, diooxct&cj, diwxdd^siv. ifgyw, iegya&ov.

tt'gyojj
i'gyfa,

El'gya&oVf dgyd&o), slgydd^siv

'

tlgya^ofiriVy flgyd^ov.

egya&ov

'

sgya&ofirjv, egyd&ov.

exb),
xi(0,

iaxs&ov, axsdo}, oxs&oiy,t,, ax^d^s, axs^siv, axid^tov. ixia&ov.

Sometimes these forms have the force of the imperfect in the indicative, and that of the present in the dependent moods.
E. g. Plat. Gorg. 85, idi(6xa&sg, for idlmxeg. ^sch. Eum. Arist. Nub. 566, xaisigyd&ov may be a present imperative. 1223, dfivvd&sTs, present imperative; the passage diivvd&tTt fioi TVTiTOfisvM ndoji Tix^ji may be compared with naga^otj'&s'l&' (og vn dvdgwv tvntofiai ^vvtoixoiojv, (Arist. Eq. 257.)
2. With respect to the accent of the injinitive and participle of these forms, tradition places the acute on the penult; as Some modern critics, however, dfivvd&siVi oxB&uv, axB&b)v. most whimsically accent them as if they were real second aorists as dfivva&slv, axe&tlv, ox^d^odv. But even if they were real aorists as to form, the traditional accentuation ought to be
;

retained
ixgv^i

just as

it is

retained in ns<pv(aVf

oi'usiv, xiajv, itov,

iwv,

and many others, although analogy requires

ntcpviov,

TENSES.
olasiv, xiav, lav, swv, exgrjv, 6lc.

53
not safe to tamper with

It is

it no more presupposes a%sthan the Ionic forms aysofievog, ^aXXsofisvog, dvvsovoi, eVx^s, bi(flBE do aywy (SaXXWf dvva, c^w, 6(pXoo.

Greek accentuation. As to the Homeric ax^&^^iv,

S^elv,

second perfect of dalaot fialvoj, aalQCO, qoatVw, written also dsdrja, f^efijjva, usarjQa, nicppva, and Analogy seems to require the xfx^va, with iota subscript. omission of the iota subscript, but it cannot be shown that the ancient Greeks did not pronounce it.

06 The
;ftV(M,

and

is

OT. It will be observed that when the root ends in a consonant, that consonant undergoes no change whatever in the second perfect. This being understood, it will be easy to perceive that the perfect of verbs in <po3 and ^a may be referred to this head. E, g.
.

^Qvxdo^aif (Se^gv/a as present. /Qoccpo), yeyQUfpa, Thuc. 5, 26. ^a>, perf part, aw-oxojywg as present.
i^()(rff(w,

TST^7;;^a as

present.
'^

Xayxdvo), XsXoyxa^vvvsipeo), ^vvvivocpa.

'^i%
T

i,

ryTidaxWj ninoaxot' axdntco (SKAfltJl), saxacpa, Isoc. 298.

OTQSCpcj, XaiQoqxi.
rsi'xca,

rsTSVxa.
.

^i

'^ AH'mtm^
''

TQtifca, T8TQoq>a.

8. 1. The second perfect of a few verbs in w is syncopated, after the analogy of verbs in (n (as XaTrjfii), in all the moods except the participle. The second pluperfect of course follows the analogy of its second perfect.

^6

The

verbs to which this remark applies are ^alvaj, ylyvofiai,

&vijax(o, YoTrjfii,

MAJl, and TAAASl.

Balva
2
Perf. Ind.
S.
/Ss/Saa

{BAJl),

not used.
^BjSviai,
;

P.

/Ss/SafiBv, /?/???,

and regular SB3daai,

2, 134.

Soph. Trach. 345

Subj. S.
/S/9w,
-fjg, -fi,

II.

Plat. Phaedr. 72.

p. ^B^w^Bv, -rjiB, (Steph.).

-wai,

Plat.

Phsedr.

p.

252

5*

54
Opt.
^E/Salrjv

REMARKS.
not found.
not found.
(), Eurip. Heracl.

Imp.
Inf.

s(iad-i

^s^dvm
^s^acog,

610; Epic

/?6-

(Sd^sv, II. 17,

359.

Part.

81

-via, -wto?, Epic, II. 5, 199; 24, contracted /5/5(wV, -waa, -wto?, Eurip. Sup. 850 Elec. 453; Soph. Phil. 280.
;
;

2 PI up.

S. elSs^dsiv not used.

D. i^a^aTOVf -dirjv. P. s^e^ufiEv, -ms, -aaav,

? #

II.

2. 720. ^M*^

rlyvofiai (rAIl).
//i(?.

i\

.tB^
""*'^;^

2Perf.

S.

;/> not used.

P. yeyuaxs (for ysyduis), ydaaij II. 4, 41.

//*.

Hom.

Batr. 142,* /i-

ysydfisv,

Epic, Pind. Olym. 9, 64.

Parf.

/e/aw?,
ygycog,

-ma, -wto?,
-ajaa,

II.

3,

-dotog,

199; contracted Soph. Tyr. 1 168

Arist. Lys. 641.

2 PI up.

S.

fysydsiv not used.

ysydtfjv (),

D.

Odys. 10, 138.

penult of ytydaxs was perhaps lengthened after the analogy of ytydaav (ytya-a-vai). The supposition that it is protracted from ysydis (contracted from yEydviis) does not seem to be very satisfactory.

The

OvijatKo {ONAJl).

v.,^-

>

2Perf

/c?.

S.

Ti^y not used.

'^^'^J
1, 4.

,^*-

D. TE&vaTov, Xen. Anab. 4,

P. Ts&vai^ev, -T?, -dai, Plat. Gorg. 104 Anab. 4, 2, 17.

Xen.

Subj.

TE&vM not found.

S. Ts&valtjv,
-ttirig,

Opt.

-all],

11.

18,

98;

6,

164;

Xen. Cyr.
D.
Imp.
S.

4, 2, 3.

x&alr]Tov, -an^Trjv.
-ali]zs,
II.

P. T6&valr]/^sv,

-ah}aav.

Ts&va&i, -dxio,

22, 365;

Dem.

122.

D. xe&vaxov,
Inf.

-dxtov.

P. Ts&vaxs, -dxataav.

tt&vdvai

(), Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 16; also TE&vdvttL (contracted from xE&vaivai), iEsch. Agam. 539; Theog. 181; Epic

TENSES.
tB&vdfitvai,

55
isd^vd(xev, II.

and

24,

225
4,

15,

,i

497.

.uu>B

Part.

Ts&vi(ag,

-6g,

-mtog,

Herod.
TsS^VTjOjg,

1,

112;
10,

also

Xen. Hel. Epic

11,

6,

15;
or
17,

ts&psioig
II.

isdvYivla^

^Tog
494;

or -oiog,

161;

Odys.

84;

Doric

Ti^vawV, -oTog, Pind.

Nem.

10, 139.

2 Plup.

S. iTi&vdsLv not used.

D. iii&vatov,

-oLTTjv

'i

P. iTt&vafiEv, -UTS, -aaav, Xen. Hel. 4, 5, 10.

"ratrjfii

{2TASi).

Perf.

Jwf/.

S.

(7Taa

not used.
23, 284.
-dai,
-ttxs,

D.
P.

laTttToy, II.
I'aTocfxBv,

Xen. Cyr.

6, 18; Dem. 99; 17 Ionic 2 piur. saiiaTs (for fcaTaTf), Herod. 5, 49-; Epic 2 plur. I'axrjTB for tataTs, II. 4, 243; 246; Ionic 3 plur. eoTsuai (for eaTdaai), Herod. 1, 200.
6, 2,
;

Thuc

Subj.

S.

(jT(w, -jjg, -ji,

Eurip. Bac. 319. -wai

D.
1:

saxrJTOV
-rjzs,

P. eajw^sv,

Opt,

S.

saxttlfjv, -alrjg, -alrj^

Odys. 23, 101

169.

D.
P.

eaxairjtov, -ai^xtjv

kaxalriuBVy -alrjxs, -airjaav

Imp.

S.

eaxa&t, -dxa, Odys. 22, 489.

soxttxov, -dx(ov, II.

D.
P. Inf.

taxaxs, -dxcoaav,

II.

23, 443. 20, 354,

;

Part,

92 Epic eaxccfisiai 480 4, 342. also eaxrjcog, kaxaajg, -oxog, Epic, II. 19, 79 -ma, -WTO?, Epic, Hes. Theog. 519 Ionic eaxscog, -waa, -Mxog, Herod. 2, 38
eaxdvai (a), Eurip, Rhes.

and

haidixsv, II. 10,

*'

contracted
Aj.

eaxoog,

-^aoi, -tog, -wxoq,

Soph.

87

Tyr. 565.
349.

2 Plup.

S.

EaxdsLv not used.

-dxfjv, Plat. Epist. 7,
II.

D. Eoxatovy

P. eaxafisv, -axs, -aaav,

5, 781.

MAS!.

Perf.

Ind.

not used. D. ixifiaxov, II. 8, 413.

S.
[lifAoca

P.

fiifiafiEv,

-ax(, iif^ddai, II.

9,641;

7,

160;

10,208.

56
Imp.
S.

REMARKS.
3
pers. fiffiuKa,
II.

4, 304.
II.

Part.

fiB^awg, -via, -wrog, Epic,

4,

118; also

fisfiuojg, -oiog, II.

2,

40 440 S, 818; Horn.

;

Hvm.
2 Plup.
j

2, 204.

S.
.;

i^ffiaeiv

not used.
II.

./m

P- 3 pers. fiifiaaav,

2,

863

7, 3.

TAAAIl {tAASI).
2
Perf.

/wd

S.

ttX not used.

D. TixXaiov
P. iMof^f*', -at?, -aat, Odys. 20, 311.

^m6/.

lerAw not found.

S.
TSTXalfjV, -alrjg, -alri, II. 9,

Opt.

373.

D.
P.

TeTlatfjTov, -aitijriv
TSTXaltjfxeVy -airjTS, -alrjaav

Imp.

S.

tirXad-i, -aiw, II. 1

586

Odys. 16, 275.

D.
p. Inf.

TSTlatOV, -Tft)V
jsiXaTB, -uTOtaav

TExXdvai,

13,

Epic jstXafiEvat, and 307 6, 190.

;

TsiXdfisv,

Odys.

Part.

TSTXrjwg, -via, -ojog,

Epic, Odys. 20,

23

4,

447.

2 Plup.

S.

hszXdsLv not used.

-dxi^v

D. hdxXaTOV,

P. ixsxXafitv, -axe, -aaav, Apol.

Rhod.

1,

807.

2. The verbs dgLaxdo) and dsinvicD, in some of the parts of the second perfect, follow the analogy of I'oxaa from Xaxri^i.

cx^tffTaw,
frag.

2 perf. ind. 1 plur. riQlaxaf^EV like eaxafiev, Arist. 428 2?i/?w. rjQiaxdvat like eaxdvai, Athen. 10, 20. dsLnvsd) (AEinNAJl), 2 perf ind. 1 plur. dEdsinvafiev, Athen. 10, 20 fw/- ^f5ci;ryVat, Athen. 10, 20.
: :

perfect of dim, to fear, may be syncopated after the analogy of slfn, to go, in all the moods, except the
3.

The second

participle.

Perf.

Ind.

S.

dsdia, -ag, -e,

Epic
'

dsldia

D. dsdlaxov
P.
also 1 plur. dsdifisv, Epic Thuc. 3, 53 II. 7, 196; 2 plur. af^as, Thuc. 4, 126. 55/ft), -7??, -T}, regular, Xen. Rep. Ath. 1, 11
dtdlafisv, -ax8, aai

dsidi^sv,

^^y.

Isocr.

73'.

96. 401.

; '

TENSES.
Opt.
S.
1 pers. dedisirjv (like
telfiv

57
from
sl^i), Plat.

Phsedr. 66.

Imp,

S.

2
2

pers.

didi^i,
II.

Epic
II.

dsidL^i,

Arist.

Vesp.

373
P.
pers.

5, 827.

Epic dsldns, Epic

fem.

20, 366.

Inf.

dsdisvai,

dsidlfisv,

Odys. 9, 274.
Apol. Rhod. 3,

Par^
2 Plup.
P.

dsdKog,

Epic

dsidvla,

753.
I

pers.

idediaocv,
11.

Epic idsldLfisv, II. 6, 99 3 pers. Epic idddcaav, Plat. Leg. 3, 6

;

5, 521.

^00. A few mute and liquid verbs drop the connecting vowel in some of the parts of the second perfect and pluperfect.

arw/o),

av(oya 2 perf. ind. I plur. avayfisv for avwyafisv imperat. avwj^&i, avdj^d^cj, avtox^s. The forms avM/^ca and avwx&s are explained as follows; full forms avaytTco, avwyns' syncopated avcoy-to), avwy-rs' the combinations yTco, yxs naturally suggested the passive endings x^ta and x&^ (ksXsx^oi), XiXsx&s) ; hence the actual forms oiv(a%&(a, uvmx&s.

Compare
iyslgco,

iygrjyoQd^s,

iygi^yoQU

imperat.

ninoa&s, ngocpvlaxd^B*

plur.

iygi^yogd^s'

infin.

eygii-

yog&ai written also iygrjyog&at. These forms are explained as follows full form sygrjyogEis syncopated sygi^yog-TS the combination grs suggested the passive ending gd^s {ecp^agS^s); which again suggested g&ai' hence the actual forms iygrjyog&s, eygi^yog&ai. Further, eygrjyog^ai, with the accent on the antepenult, follows the analogy of ttx(ixt]o&ai and The other form, igyrjyog&ai, with the accent on aXdXTja^ai. the penult is more analogical. Compare avwya and ninov^a. ind. 1 plur. soiyfisv Poetic for ioUa^Ev uycm, Eoiaa 2 dual E'ixTov Epic for koixaxov 2 plup, 3 dual si'xTf}v Epic for ico;

'

'

Kslirjv.
sgxoiiiui,

iXriXv&a

Epic dXi^Xovd^a

1 plur. elX^Xov&fAsv for siXi]-

Xovd^afxsv.

xga^co, xExgciya

imperat. 2 sing, nengaxd^i' the yeTs is not syncopated, Arist. Vesp. 415.
plur.

nocox(o, TiBTiov&a

plur. nEKga-

nsnoa&s Epic

for ntnov^aTe.
'

The

steps are nenovd^aTs, 7ii7iov&-ie, Ttsnova-xs, nsnoaxE the combination -oTs suggested the passive termination -o&b {nmEi-

O&e).
TtdS^oi),
fXEV.

7iE7ioi&a

Compare avcoya, iygriyoga. 2 plup. 1 plur. iniTii&fiEv Epic

for inETtol^ei-

58

REMARKS.

TO. Ot^a, the second perfect of EI/lSl, drops the connecting vowel in the dual and plural of the indicative, and in the imperative. In the subjunctive and optative it follows the analogy of -tl&ri^i (ii^ico, ri&firjv), that is, it presupposes EIThe pluperfect of course follows the analogy of the /lEJl.
perfect.

Perf.

Ind,

S.

d8a, oia&a,
i'axov,
i'ofisv,

oldsv,

Soph. Tyr. 569, 570.

II. 1,

D.
P.

Arist. Plut. 100.

Epic and Ionic i'dfisv, Xn. Anab. 1, 5, 16. laaai, Arist. Nub. 1186.
I'oTs,

124.

The
ol'daoL

regular forms oldag,

are not

ol'dafisv,

oi'daTs,

much
1,

used by the early auchiefly

to

thors;

they

belong

the

later

Greek; Odys.
Subj,
S.

337; Herod.
Phil.

2,

17; Xen.
Odys. 16,

CEcon. 20, 14. sidw, Epic tidso), Soph.

236.
ddrjg, II. 1,
Bld'tj, II.

238

185.

8, 406.

D.
P.

sidijrov

etda^sv,

Epic

el'dofiev, II. 1,

363.
1, 3, 15.

sld^Ts, sldojai.

Xen. Anab.

Opt.

S.

sldeiTjv,
eldsifjg,
sidsirj,

Soph. Elec. 660. Odys. 5, 206. Xen. CEcon. 18, 4.

D.
P.

Hdslr,Tov, udsLrjTrjV
sldslrjfisv, Eidsh]TE

stdsirjaav

or

ildslsv,

Herod.
1, 13.

3,

61

Xen.

I?np.

S.

Anab. 4, 1, 23. i'a&i, Xen. Anab. 2,

IffTCtf,

Bceotic i'vTco, Soph. Antig. 184 Ach. 911. D. laiov, i'ai(av, Eurip. Hel. 1684. P. lais, XoTOiaav.
Inf.
stdivai,

Arist.

Epic Idsfiev, or Id^svcei, i'd^sv, Eurip. Hec. 218; Pind. Nem. 7, 36; II. 13, 273; 11, 719.
sldvloc,

Part.

std(og,

sldog,

-oiog,
idvla,

Soph.
II.

Aj.

13. 18,

Fem.

part.

Epic

1,

608

380. 482.

Plup.

S.

jjdsiv

or jjdf], Epic and Ionic ^jdsa, Eurip. Troad.' 650; Soph. Antig. 18; Herod. 2,

150.

; ;

TENSES.
j]deig

59

or

fidrjg,
;

rjdsia&a Or jjdrja&af Soph.

;'

An;

tig.

447

Trach. 988

Eurip. Cycl. 108

Elec, 92G. jjdsL or jjdrj, jjdeiv Or jjdrjv, Epic and Ionic ijdss or (i'dss, Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 10; Soph. Tyr. 1525 Eurip. Ion, 1187 ; Arist. Ach. 35 ; II. 18, 404; Herod. 8, 113. D. ^dsiTov or jiaiov, ^dsitrjv or ffatrjv P. jjdsifisv or^^ofisv, Eurip. Heracl. 658. ijdeixs or ^axs, Ionic ^diatSf Soph. frag. 317 Herod.' 9, 58. tjdEoav or ^aav, Epic Vaav, iEsch. Prom. 451 Eurip. Cycl. 231 ; Odys. 4, 772.
; '

the Epic Poets have i]sldsi or rjfldr}, II. For 3 sing. 22, 280 ; Odys. 9, 206. risidsi, Herodotus has 'ijsids, with the ending of the aorist (tJds), 1, 45; a genuine reading, because contrary to all analogy.
fjdsiv, ijdsig, jjdsif

For

TjildEiv,

rjsidsig

or

'^(IdTjg,

1.
tars,

The

forms

idixev,

Xa&ij i'atmv,
jjaav

Idifi^v, IS^svai, show that i'afisv, i'orov, and laTwaav come from IJJl (i8-fiiv, id-tov,

id-Ts,

18-&L, id-T(ov, id-T(aoav).

The

rjafisv, riaxBi

come from EIJJI

{jjd-fisv, rjd-ts,

forms of the pluperfect the rid-aav)

;

Epic

i'aav

comes from IJJl

(id-aav).'

2. The 3 plur. i'oaai evidently annexes the ending of the perfect (-dai) to the root followed by the characteristic of the Jirst aorist (id-a-aai), like ei'^aai {ux-a-aai) from sl'xa. 3. The forms lafisv, Xotov^ tare, i'adai, i'a&i, I'aToov, and VaTmBut the omission of oav are often referred to the Doric I'aufii' the Ionic forms I'dfisv, the radical vowel (i'a-(iiv for I'a-a-fisv) the accent of VaaaL (not iaaoi like tataai), and the i'dfiEvav forms rjGfisvj 'tjaxs, ^aav are facts against this hypothesis. It may be said that they are exceptions but we should remember that the probability of a hypothesis diminishes as the number of exceptions increases.
;
'

(ad Odys. 15,20) says that o7a&ag was also Moeris (p. 283) has " oJaS^a xa^lg lov g "AtTiKwg " implying that the other Greeks said also ola&ag with g. (Compare the curious Homeric pronoun ToXadsaai for xoiaids, II. 10, 462.)
4. Eustathius
for

used

ohda.

5.

The

prefix

17

the syllabic
for efislXov

augment

of the Epic pluperfect rjddsiv seems to be compare rj^eXlov i- lengthened ( 25)

;

from

fiiXXcj.

60
Others suppose that
like dgMOLfiL,
it

REMARKS.
was formed from
jjdsiv

by protraction,
ly/Ja'w.

'^^(ooLfAi, for dQMfXL, rj^ufii,

from

dgab),

71.
and

In a few instances, the second aorist middle of mute

liquid verbs drops the connecting vowel in the

Epic lan-

guage, after the analogy of the pluperfect and perfect passive, or of verbs in fii,
algiw, dX6(i7]v

2 aor. mid. ind. 3 sing, yivio for eXsio, not to be confounded with ytvTo for iysveTo.
riXo^Tiv

aXXofiai,

indXfiEvog.
avdavct),

{ad6ij,r}v)

ocXfisvog, agfiEVog, dsyixsvog, Ixfisvog, oQfiivog.

agugloKco,

yiyvofxaiy iysvofzrjv

2 APfL 3
'

sing, alao,
Saiisvog

sing.

cJAto*

part.

aknEvog,

part.

as an

adjective

compare

part, agfisvog as

an adjective.

sing. yivTO or e'ysvio.

Not
'

to

be con-

founded with ysvTO from ulgioi. 2 aor. mid. 3 sing. sdsxTo or dixTo SsxofiaL

imperat.

sing.

da^o,

plur. dex&s

infin.

Ssx^ul

part, diyfisvog.

The
tai
'

syncopated
jUTjv,

present and imperfect also are in some of their parts 3 plur. dixociai (ds^vTai) Ionic form for ds/ovImperf. idiyfirjv for ids^opart, dsyfisvog for dsxofisvog.
:

iXsXl^fo
EvxofjLaL

2 3 smooth breathing. 2 3 not be confounded with the corresponding forms of AEXJl. 3 eXsimo the analogy of such forms Epic, imperat. 2 3 AEXJl 2 Not be confounded and Xix&ah For the imperative with
ixvsofioci,

was expecting.
imperf. or
aor.

aor_.

mid. 3 sing. iXiXixjo.

sing, [xto for
I'jcfio

sing, evxto.
aor.

ixofiriv

part. Vxfievog

adjectively, with the

Xsya, to collect

aor.

1 sing.

iXiy}ir]v,

sing.

Xixxoy

to

Xelnta, eXsiTiofifjv

imperf. pass.

sing.

as aorist, later
sing. Xito

after

as Ato, Sexto. to

aor.

sing. eXexjo or Xixjo

xotTaXtx&ai'.

'

;i|o

infin.

Xsyta,

to collect.

Xs^eo,

see ogwfti.

syncopated participle Xiy^Evog belongs to the pre^ Compare sent, inasmuch as it denotes continued action. dEyfiEvog from dfxo^ai.
filyvvfit

The

aor.

ogvvfiL, agoiiTjv

sing. sfxixTo or jxlxro. aor. 3 sing, (ogjo ' imperat. ogao, or ogoEo
ogfj,Evog.

contracted ogoEV infin. og&ai' part.

ogoEo follows the analogy of ^?J(7o and dvoEo, from /?tVa), dvm that is, it implies an indicative (agaofiriv. The same remark applies also to Xe^eo from AEXfL.^ 2 aor. 3 sing. ndXto, after the analogy of aXxo from naXXbi
'

The form

dXXonai.

VERBS IN
ntQ&ca

ftl.

61

jirjyvv^t

2 2

aor. infin. aor.

nsQ&ai as passive.

sing, tnrinio.

VERBS IN
'

(it.

%7fi Verbs

in

(ii

(real

or

imaginary)

which have a
from ^/^ywolXoItiv,

second aorist active and middle.

(xXlaxofiaL

^AAIIMI)
Xen. Cyr.

iaXoav or riXwv, like tyvmv,

GHOi

'

subj. aXw, like yvia, ^Esch. Sept.

257

opt.

like
:

yvoirjv,

8, 1,

infin.

otXm'ai,

Soph. Phil. 1440

3, 12, 2.

part. aXovg, aXovaa, aXov, -ovTog,

afi^Xloxm

agnd^m
^aivoti

fisvog

(^AMBASIMI) (APUHMI) 2 from

Xntctfiai.
^ll^rjfii, ejSrjv

Xen. Mem.
like eyvoov.

^fj,^Xtov,

aor. raid. part. uQnufisvog, like Trrasubj. (Sm, like aiw, Eurip.

like

I'dTfji'

Hec.

1057
|(J^^t,

opt. ^airjv, like aralrjv, Eurip.

(Si^TG),
:

Taur. 1055
:

imperat.

Sup. 729
dXX(a
iSXrjfisvai
s/SXrjTo

(BylHMl)
for

like axri^i, Eurip. Rhes. 1 infin. (Sijvai, Eurip. part, ^dg, /Sdoa, (Sdv, -dvxog, Eurip. Med. 180.
b^Xtjv, ^vvs^Xrjv,
II.
'

^vfx^XrjTTjv
:

infin.

Epic ^v^~
i^XTJfirjv,

^vji/SXrjvai,

21, 578

aor.

mid.

or ^XrJTo,

s/SXrjVTo

subj.

sing.

.vtai, ^Xirixm), ^v^/SXrJTaL or ^vfi^XrjTcct, opt. (SXiJi^rjv, or iSXiifxtiv (like S^ufirjv),

. .

Epic ^XrjSTai (for j3XrjOdys. 17, 472; 7, 204

:

f^o

or

fto,
11.

II.

13,
:

288
Odys.

infin. ^Xija&ai, II.

4, 115: part, hx^usvog,

4,

211

11, 126.
^i^Qiaaxta
10(0

{BPSlMl) {BIfLMi)
9,

e^qwv, like iyvtov.

e/JtW, like

lyvrnV subj.
II.

|5t(w,

like ^vw, Plat.

Rep.

opt. ^imtiv,

rjg, t], tjfiBv, rjTBy

Tjaav, Arist.

Ran. 177

imperat. {(Slaai) /Slmtw, like ypM&i,

8,

429

infin. ^n^vai,

Xen. Mem. 4, mascul., Thuc.

yrjgdayw
6,

8,

part.

(Siovg

only in the nom. sing,

2, 53.
iyr^qav, like X^qav, II. 17,

{rHPHMl)
:

197; Herod.

72

infin.

yrigdvai,

Soph. Col. 870

part, yrigdg, yrjguv-

Ttaai,

Hes. Op. 186.

yiyvtaaxM

{rNJlMl) I'yvav, (og, w, ojtov, anrjVy Mfxsv, wt, (aaotV subj. yvm, yvwg, yvm, yvMTOV, yvtofisv, yvojjs, yvwai, Soph. Elec. 43 opt. yvolrjv, rig, t], r}tov, rjtrjv, tjfisv, tjTs, rjaav, Xen. Hel.
:

imperat. yvw&i, bhojjuiov, (oioov, wts, (artoaav, Soph. infin. yvuvai, Thuc. 4, 60 part, yvovg, yvovaa, yvov, -ovTog, Xen. Hel. 4, 1, 34 2 aor. mid. opt. yvolxo, ^vyyvoiTo, JEsch. Sup. 216, the only instance.
Col. 1025
:
: :

6, 3, 13

didgdaxM UTS, aaav

(JPHMI)
'

sdgciv

Ionic

tdgTjv, ug, w,

atov, dtrjv,

a/LttP,

subj. dgw, ^g, a, Sfiev, die, aai,

Xen. Mem.

2,

O^e

REMARKS.
10, 1
:

opt. dQalrjf, like oTalriv,

:

Xen. Anab.

2, 5, 7

infin.

dqavmy Thuc. 4, 46
9, 118.
didbyfiL

part, dgag, 8qaaa, dgdv, -dviog,

Herod.

td(ov, oag,

(o,

oiov, oitjv, ofisv, ots,

oauv

'

subj. da, dmg,

rj^

dSy dcoTOV,
rjfisv, 7;t,
'

dbifiiv,
'

dais, dwai

'

opt. doltjv,

tjq,

rjiov, i^jtjv,

imperat. dog, doTtu, dorov, doToyv, doTS, 56xta~ infin. dovvat part, dovg, dovaa, dov, -ovrog 2 aor, anv idofii^v, daficti, dolfifjv, doa&aiy dofisvog.
rjoav
'
'

dvv(o

{JTMl)
jjg, Tj,

edvv, vg, v,
7}Ts,
rjfisv,

dv(o,

oifisv,
rig,
7],

(aoLy

mov, vtijv {v), -Ufxiv, vts, vaav subj. H. 7, 186 Herod. 4, 13, 2 opt.
'
',

8vriv
dvT(o,

{v),

tjts,

rjaav, II.

16,

99

imperat. dv^i,

dmovy dvimv,
:

dvTS,

Eurip. Sup. 469 142.

sx(o

part,

dvg,

dviwaav, II. 16, 64: infin. dvvai, dvaa, dvv, -vvjog, Plat. Phaedo,

Soph^ Elec. 1013.

'iriiii
i5*'i

{2XHMI)
^?> ^>
I'tov,
:

aor. imperat.

sing, axig, like ^V> h> ^og,

^'nov,

sXtijv,

slfisv,

h, siaav, or without the

'

augment
ftjfft

hrjv, b(xsv,
tjg,
Tj,

ets,

saav

subj, w,
7]rs,

f^g, fi,
'

wfisv,

^t,
sg,

opt. HTjv,
I'tov,
sXfirjv

7]Tov,

i^Trjv,

ri(xBV,

rjaav
IV,

imperat.
'

Ito),

h(ov, hs, I'Ttaaav' part.

eXg,

uaa,
'

svrog

aor.
I'o)

mid.
ov,

or

Efirjv

'

subj.
:

w^aL'

opt.
:

EXfitjv

imperat. (lao,

Soph. Tyr. 1521

(lIITHMl) btittjv, like sattjV opt. TiTalrjv, like ajttlrjv, Xmafiai Anthol. 5, 152: infin. nxrivai, Anthol. 5, 212: part, mug, ntaaa, nidv, -dvTog, iEsch. Sup, 782 2 aor. mid. imd^tjv, subj. nTOjfiai, J, aaoj mo, aa&ov, dad^rjv, d^B&a, aa&s, avro Arist. Lys. rjxai, TJa&ov, (ofAsd^a, ija&s, wvtui, II. 15, 170 774 infin. mda&ai, Eurip. Med. 1 md[Aivog, Arist. Lys.
: '

inf. i'a^ai

part,

k'lxsvog.

106.
Xatriiiv

mxriv.

Tig,

ri,

rixov,

rixriv,

i]fiev,
'

rixs,

riaav

'

Subj.

oxw,

axjjg, axfj, axrjxov, axwfiev, axrjxs,

vixriv,
fifiBv,
'

rixE,

riaav

'

axwai opt. axalriv, imperat. axij&i, ijiw, rjxov,

rixov,
rixriv,

rig, ii, ijxov,

rixtaVy

rixe,

rixaoav
xixeoa

(KIXHMI)
Epic
:

infin. axijvai

'

part, axdg, axdaa, axdv, -dvxog.

rig,
ri,

enlxriv,

rifisv,

rixs,

riaav'

subj.

{xixeb))

rnxslm,
riQ, ri,

rig, ri,

&c.
: :

for

mxw,

128

opt. xixslriv,

H. 2, 188
15,

infin.

fisvai,

Odys. 16, 357;

II.

274

part,

26; 21, ai^vvcd, Epic yixijxixdg, II. 16, 342

II.

1,

2
^X{,(a

aor. or pres. mid. xixrj^svog, II. 5, 187.

xXdco,

TcsicXvxs
itxsiva)

break {KAHMl) 2 {KATMI) 2 imperat. mid. 2 (KTHMI)

aor.
'

aor. part,

xldg,

dnoxXdg, like axdg,

xXi/xs

nlvd^i,

aor.

part. xXv^xevog as

and xixlv&i, an adjective.

infin.
:

and
'

Enxav, dg, d, dxov, dxriv (u), d}iiv,

subj. xxb), like axoj,

HidfiEV,

Odys. 22, 216

II.

daav Epic nxd^ivm or

dxf.,

for

xxdvm,
:

5,

301, 675

part,

xxdg, like

axdg,

Eurip. Ale. 3

aor. mid. ixxdi^riv, dao, dxo,

&c.

like

imd-


VERBS IN
fifjv' infin.
fit.

' :

63

uraa&ai,

II.

15,

558:

part. xTUfisvog, iEsch. Pers.

923.
xTttw,
Xvfa

(kttmi) 2 (yiTMl) 2
1
;

aor. mid. part, xrl^svog as

an adjective.
vXvoi

aor.

imperat. Xv&i, like ykv^l from

II.

^
^

aor. mid. Epic, Iv^riv {v), Avro, Xvvto,

21,

80

21, 114.
'

425; 24,
mid.

i>vlvri(xi

16 (ONHMl) 2
7,
;

15,435.
aor.

infin.

ovijvai,
ovaifirjt;

like

atrjvaL

aor.

aw, ano, like latalinfin. ovao&ai, Eurip. Hip. 517 fitjv, Arist. Thesm. 469 also Mv^fitiv or ovr^fiijv, like i^lri^i^v imperat. ovrjao, Odys. 19, 68: infin, ov^^^at, like ^X^a^m, Hippocr. part, ovij^svog, like ^Xrjfievog, Odys. 2, 33. oviaw {OTTHMI) 2 aor. 3 sing, oma^ like fTa infin. Epic ovTocixevat, or ovidfiiv, Vihe xjdfiivai or xtw/ifi', 11.21,68; 5, 132: 2 aor. mid. part, ovid^evog as passive, II. 11,658; Hes. Scut. ^3. nddoj (ZIJUMI) 2 aor. mid. inXtifit^v with tj throughout; not to be confounded with inXri^riv from nijinXQ^^u,
wvdf/irjv,

like inTocfxrjv

opt.

'

7ilfj,7fXrjfii

2 aor. mid. inXri^iriv' ojrt. nX^fxijv, ifjmXj}(49]v, Arist. Ach. 236 Lys. 235;: imperat. nXrjoo,' efinXtjoo^ Arist. Vesp. 603 part. TiXi]fisvog, ifinXi^^evog, Arist. Eq. 935. Tilvto {niMl) 2 aor. imperat. wi&i.
;

7iX(0(o

{nAUMl)
'

JlPIAMAI2
XnxttjKu

ETiXfov, like lyvav^ part. nXwg, II. 6, 291. aor. mid. eTiQKxfitjv, inflected like ijiiu/ifjv from subj. nQtfafi&i, like SvvMfjai, Arist. Ach. 812 : opt.

TiQial^rjVf like

dvvai^tjv, Arist.

Fac. 1223

imperat. n^laao
:

and
?rtJffff

71^10),

like Xaiaao, lana, Arist.

tmriv, like %atriv.
ta^7}v,

Ach. 870. 34

infin.

nQtaa&aL, part, ngidixsrog, Xen. Hel. 3, 2, 31. 32.

{HTHMI) Whe {SBHMl) Hippocr. mid. -ZEril (2:rMl) 2 U. (^KAHMl) {ANTIIMI) 2 3 dual TAAASl (TAHMI)
o/SivvvfiL

taTtjV infin. a^rjvat,

16, 585.
*

Herod.

4, 5.

part, a^eig, like ^ftV,

aor.

iaavfitjv^

oxtXXoiiuL

tanXriv,

like

fcaTT^v

opt.

GytXairiv,

like

Gialrjv^

infin. axA^vat, like at^ya*, Arist.

Vesp. 160.
like ixjii^t^v.
like
subj.

Gvvavidca

aor.

ffUj'aj'TTjTT^v,

tiXrjv,

like

a;T;v

tA,

arw,

Soph. Aj. 1333:

opt. iXalriv, like ffTa/??v, Arist.

:

Nub. 119:

imperat. tXrj&i, like ai^^^t, Eurip. Hec. 1251 infin. lA^vat, Eurip. Orest. 1527: part tA?, tXdua, -dvtog, Eurip. Here. 1183. 1250.
tl&rj/ii
'^^^,

B&rjv,

fjg,

rj,

sioVj

eVijr, (fiev, ere,

'

taav

'

subj.
rj,

^w, ^^j,

&r]Tov, ^cSjUfv, iS^^Tf, iS^wat

opt. -ddriv,

tjg,

rjjov, rjTtjV,

fjfisv, r]tB,

riaav

'

Gttv

'

infin.

^nvai

imperat. ^ig, Q^hta, ^hov, ^hajv, &sts, d^hwpart. &slg 2 aor. mid. i&i^tjv, ^wfiai,
' '


64
(p&dvG)

REMARKS.

(ipOHMl)
2

E(p^r}v,

like

i'arrjv

subj.

<^v9(w,

like

arw,
'

Odys. 16, 383:

<;p^/w

opt. q>&alrjv,
*

like

aTairjV.

infin.

(p&rjvai

part, (p&dg, like atw?

{(liOIMl)
II.

aor. mid. part, (p&d/isvog, II. 5, 119.

aor. mid. icp&lfiriv

subj.

cp&ioj^ai

Epic

(fd^lo^ony cp&lsraL, II. 14,

To,

87

20, 173

opt. (p&l^r]v (r), g)^*;

:

analogous to

8vriv, (fvtjv,

(p&la&(o,

8,429:

infin.

Odys. 10, 51 imperat. 11, 330 (p&ludm, 11.9, 246; 13, 667:
'

part, (p&lfifvog, II. 8, 359.

subj. q)V(a, like 5i5a), Xen. ((I^TMl) tcpvv, like Idvv infin. Hier. 7, 3 opt. (jpvjji' (d), like ^ut^i', Theoc. 15, 94 part, cpvg, like dig^ Soph. Col. q>vvai, Xen. CEcon. 19, 8 1113. ;^ft) {XTMI) 2 or. mid. f;fi^/i?v {v), like c7v//?j>', Odys. 19,
q>v(a
:

470

10,

415

II.

23, 385; 4, 526.

73. The optative xQf^V ^^ ^^^ impersonal xqv is analothat is, it presupposes gous to -dsir} from Tl&tjfii, {Tidico) XPIIMI, formed from XPJL, Ionic for xgda.
;

T4:,

Observe

further, that the second aot^ist middle ojjta-

five retains the radical

ovlvTjfxi, avdfiTjv

vowel of the indicative.

E. g.

$ido}(ii, idofiTiv

ovcdfirjv, uvaio,

dolfArjV, doio.

In a
/SccA/lto

fevi^

instances, hovy^ever,

is

changed into

rj.

Thus
nXatfirjv^

has

^XfjfitjVf

and

nlfinlrj^i

nXf^fii^v,

for ^Xaifirjv,

Compare

perf. pass. opt. ^s^XfjfxrjVf yexXjIfitiv,

ysxT^fitjv, fiffiv^-

As

to the

ofxQ^^V (^'^^)t BAAJl).

form ^Xslfinv from /?U(w, it follows the analogy ^^^^ ^^> it presupposes BMIMI {B JEJl not

70, The
is

original

theme of

tlfil, to 6e, is

ESSl, the root

rjo-ior,
sifii) is

of which
^a-TTjv,

found in

ia-al,

ia-rl, ia-ixiv, ia-rov, ia-Ts,

and

in the imperative.

The form Ell (whence

a modification of E2:Jl.

Present.

Ind.

S.

dfil,
iig

or

sail,

Doric f>^/, Theoc. 20, 32. fl, Epic iaal, II. 16, 515 1, 176. Doric ivzi, Theoc. 1, 17 11, 46.
;

D. iaiov.
P.
cff/isV,

5, 873; frag. 294.

II.

Epic and Ionic Herod.

hihsv,
1,

Doric

sluig,

Poetic
2,

ffiiv,

97; Theoc.

5;

Call,

VERBS IN

jUt.

^^
II.

eial,

2,

Doric ivil, Poetic caat, Find. Olym. 9, 158 125; Theoc. 25, 14.
el'w,

SubJ. S.

w,
^

Epic and Ionic I'w, Epic also 47; Herod. 4, 98.

II.

1,

119; 23,

^,

Epic ^GL and

r>?(7t,

II.

19,

202; Odys. 11, 434.

9.

D.
P.

TJJOV.
(aixBv,

Doric w^f?, Theoc. 15,

sojai, II.

(aai,

Epic and Ionic

9,

140

Herod.

1,

155.

Oj>t.

S.

d'r}V.
el'rig,
1'?;,

Poetic er^ff^a, Epic lot?, Theog. 715; II. 9, 234. Ionic EOi, ivioi, Herod. 7, 6. D. el'rjTov, HTjTTjv and cl'r^jv. Plat. Tim. 11 Parm. 46. P. ei'rjfisv, H^sv, Eurip. Hip. 349. sl'rjTs, SITS, Odys. 21, 195.
;

si'rjaav,

ehv,

Xen. Mem.
1,

1, 4, 19.

Imp.

S.

I'ai^t, |'(jo,

IWo, Odys.
rjia, Plat.
II.

302.
2, 4.

ItfTw,

rare

Rep.

D.
P.

soTov, saTtaVf
i'oTs, II.

1,

338.

16, 422.
i'artov, ovrtov,

taxmaav,
Plat.

Xen. Cyr.

4, 6, 10: 8, 6, 11

Leg.

9, 15.

Inf.

Bivm,

Part.

Epic i'fitvai and sfifisvai, sfisv and e'^u/uc*', Doric and ^'/ws?, stiucv and t^?, II. 3, 40 1, 117 4, 299; Pind. Olym. 5, 38; Theoc. 2, 41; 7, 129; 13,3; Plat. Locr. 1. Mv, ovaUf 6V, Epic and Ionic iojv, iovaa, iov, II. 2, 27; Herod. 1, 59: Doric fern, eolaa and svaa, Pind. Pyth. 4, 471 Theocr. 2, 76 also saaa or eaaaa, Plat. Locr. 3 Doric ace. svvta for coVtw, Theoc. 2,3.
^lusv
; ;
;

Imperfect.
S.

^^^^^

Epic sTyv, Iov, ianov, la, ^a, II. 11, 762; Odys. 2, 313. 4, 321 ^ 7, 153 T/g, commonly ^a^a, Epic etjg, erja&a, sag, Theoc. 19, 8 II. 22, 435 Herod. 1, 187. rjrjv, i^e{v), eijv, I'tfxs, Doric rjg, Odys. 19, ?), 7jv, Epic 283 II. 3, 41 2, 642 5, 536 Theoc. 2, 90. 92. ^ D. r^Tov and rJaTor, ^tijj' and rjatrjv, Plat. Euthyd. 55 ^ Xen. Anab. 2, 6, 30. P. rifiev, Doric ly^tj, Theoc. 14, 29.
^v, ^,
i]firjv,
;
; ;

6*

66
r,T8, ijuTF,

REMARKS.
Ionic EUTs, Hcrod. 4, 119 5, 92. Epic and Ionic saav (oa), taxov, Ionic also maav, II. 1,267; Find. Olym. 9, 79; Herod. 1, 196 9, 31.
;

rjaav,

1.

The 2
;

pers. sing.
is, it is

eI

follows the analogy of the middle

after the

voice
(fdel,

that

formed from EJi

pers. evrl is

analogy of

(pdiei,

from cpiXm,

(piXs'o^ai.

2.

The Doric 3

rxt to the root i-.

The

formed by annexing the ending singular must not be confounded with

the plural.
3.

The 3

plur. euai is

formed from ESI {lIMl)

Tldriy.i, dldcofii.

after the

analogy of Ti&idai, didouai, from

4. The subjunctive and optative follow the analogy of the corresponding moods of T/^r//^t. As to the forms toig, sol, they come directly from JEJl, like (pdsoig, q>iXioi, from (pdeoj. 5. In the imperative i'ad^i the radical vowel becomes i. This The 2 form must not be confounded with i'a&L from olda. sing, eao or iaao, takes the ending ao of the passive, like t/d^sao from Tl&7]^a^ il&efiaL.

6. The 3 plur. ovrav of the imperative must not be confounded with the genitive plural of the participle wV. Compare such forms as iovicov for Urcaauv, didovrcav for didoTiauav.

ple

According to Eustathius (ad Odys. 15, 435), the particiwas once formed after the analogy of Ti&rjfn, thus, ei'g, tvzog, like n&ug, Ti&ivxog.
7. 8.

In the imperfect^ the

jl&rjfii.

1 sing,

riv

comes from the root

rj

-,

like iti&-r]v from

I'a.

The
tJtjv,

1 sing,

is

contracted from

But 3

sing,

rjv is

contracted from ^ev, theme EJl.

Etjv,
i'rjg,

9.
'n^f

The Epic The

V9>

forms ^y prolongation. forms

I'w,

seem

to

be formed from

10.

^a, tag,
;

i'ats,

maav, take the endings of

directly from EJl, like
icplrja, tJkx,

the

first

aorist active

tov

comes
iil&Ea,

Xeov from cpdico.

Compare
ttfxov,

and

from

Tl&r}[it

and

11.
ffxcg,

The

forms

eoxe,

are iterative; the endings axov,

-.

are annexed to the root

As to TJufjv, it takes the ending [xrjv of the middle voice. supposed to belong to the later Greek, as N. T. Acts 10, See also Etymol. Magn. under i"fir]v. 30.
12.
It is

VERBS IN

fit.

13. The 3 sing, tjv of the imperfect, in certain passages, by a peculiarity of Syntax (Gram. 157. N. 1), agrees with a plural nominative, and sometimes with more than one nominative a fact which has induced some to suppose that it stands for the plural '^aav, after the analogy, for example, of ix6a^T}&iv for ixoafiti&riaav, and that without the augment it would be IV. See Hes. Theog. 321 825 Soph. Trach. 520.
; ;

521

Xen. Anab.
According

1, 5, 7.

grammarians, d'aio (Odys. 20, from ^jfirjv according to Buttmann and others, the old reading was eXocto for dvio, from 'ESI, ^fiai, to For our part, we cannot tell what the old reading was. place.
14.
to the old

106) stands

for ^vto

15.

For

sl[xi,

some ancient
si.

inscriptions have

EMI. (Rose's

Inscript. Graec. tab. 1, 2.)

sent the diphthong

The vowel s, however, may repreOne of the Orchomenian inscriptions

has i(ov&i, for subj. 3 plur. ecovti, that is, aai. Compare ano(Rose's dsdoavS^t from anodldiofii, in the same inscription.
Inscript. Graec. tab. 39,
1.

46.)

76. The theme of slfii, to go, is III, which lengthened becomes ETIl (like Xtino) from AinSl), whence ti^i, fjsiv.
Present.

Ind.

S.

Bifii.

$lg, r,

Epic da&a, Odys. 19, 69.

1,

thi,

Hom. Hym.
I'lSf

182.
iJai,

D.
P.

Itov.
I'fisvi
t'o),

luai rarely
ti'co.

Hes. Scut.

13,

Subj. S.

rarely

Irig,
I);,

Epic J^Vyff^a, II. 10, 67. Epic I'jjat, II. 9, 701. Epic
XoiiEVy II.

D.
P.

XriTOV.

l(a^tv,
i'ljTS,

2, 440.

Xaai.
loirjv,

Opt. ^i'otfii or 209.

i'oig
i'oi

Xen. Conv.

4,

16; once Uhiv,

II.

19,

or ioirjg. or loir], rarely

sir],

Ods. 14, 496.

D.
P.

Xoixov, iolTr]V.
loifisv, loiTS, I'oiaavi'&i,

Imp. S.
D.

in

composition also

sJ,

Arist.

Nub. 633.
,

t'rw.

iToy, It&v.

68
P.
tje,

REMARKS.
Viwaav or lovtav, also JEsch. Eum. 42 (?).
I'tav,

Xen.

A nab.
1,

1, 4,

Inf,

Uvai,

Epic

l>/emt,

lyiv,

II.

20, 32;

170; rarely
last

ivai (i^lvai),

Athen. 13, 43.

accent on the

Part,

l(6v,

iovaa, iov, -oyro?, with the

syllable, like iav, uKav,

from

dfii, xlm.

Imperfect.
S.
i;siv, ,?(,
'fjBtg,

^, Odys. 4,

427

Plat. Apol. 6.
4.

'fjsLa&a, Plat.
^'tv

Euthyph.
II.

^'(,
'

usually before a vowel,

1,

Arist.

Plut.
;

696

'

Epic also ^te, ^%, re, 82; 18,253.257.

47; 2, 872

Odys.

7,

D.

jJHTov, ^HTfjv,

commonly
i'ir]Vj

^tov, jjnjv, Plat.

Epic
also
'

also
I'tov).

II.

1,

347;
Plut.

'Hes.

Euthyd. 54; Op. 197 (written

also
jjo^isv,

P. rjsL^ev or
jjeiis

^fiEv,

Arist.

659; Epic

Odys. 10,251. 570.

or
j]TE,

Eurip. Cycl. 40.

rjsaav,
'

^en. Cyr.

?jaav, II. 10,

'Epic also
1.

Epic and Ionic TJiaav, 4, 5, 55 197 Odys. 19, 436; Herod. 2, 163; ijiov and laav, Odys. 23, 370; II. 1,414.
;

3 plur. Iuol follows the analogy of Ti&suai, changes the v of the termination vol into a its reguIts accent lar form would be i-vai, l-ai, like xid^Evoi, Ti&Biai. shows that it does not come from the imaginary IHMI. As to the 3 plur. slai, it comes directly from ii(XL.
indie.

The

that

is, it

2.

The
opt.

opt.

1 sing,

luriv,

and the
is,

analogy ofri^Elrjv, jL&ivai, that

infin. livai, follow the they presuppose IHMI.

The

sing,

ei'rj

the root u-.

The

(if it really belongs to slfn) comes from of the ending -it^v is dropped, after the

analogy o^
3.

q)&lfi7)v for q^&ufirjv, dvr^v for dvir^v,

&lc.

The

imperfect

perfect from ETJl. tracted from siv, the regular imperfect of el^t, after the analogy o^'^Eidfiv from jjdsLV (also of dgojoiini, ^^(ooifxi, from dgafxi, jy/^wThe orthography jjeiv with i subscript was, according to fii). the same grammarian, introduced only by the grammarians on account of the erroneous derivation from ^'m. One would suppose that the Greek language was invented by the Alexan-

jjeiv is

inflected like a regular second pluAccording to Buttmann, jJhv yas pro-

drian Grammarians.
4.

The

forms

ijia,

rjie,

^lov,

ijiaav

come from

IJl {iMl),

by

VERBS IN

|Ut.

69

prefixing r], which prefix seems to be nothing more than the syllabic augment lengthened (like that of ^fisXXov, r^^ovl6(xriv), By dropping this augment, ^u, Tjiaav become t'c, Vaav, respectively. By contracting rjia, tJis, rjioav, we obtain f^a, f/Sy

Others suppose that

resolution from ^a, ^t,

rjia,

tJis,

rjiov,

rjiaav

were formed by

ijov,

^aav, from EIJl,

bi[ii.

As
of ^a,
5.

to r,Tov,
7]s,

jjxrjv,

fjoav.

The dual
7jia,

^fisv, ^ts,

^T7Jv

they evidently follow the analogy follows the analogy ofi'oav.

?],

The

form

contracted

takes the ending of the

first

aorist active, after the analogy of iiideu for

and ta or ifa for %ov or r^ov from hiaL It perfect^ because it cannot be shown that the perfect was ever used for the imperfect. But it is a well-known fact, that when
;

hl^sov from n^cw, cannot be a second

the perfect loses its peculiar signification it acquires that of the as (lifivrjfiai, xsygaya, olda in which case, its pluperpresent as ifit^vijfiijVy ixexgdysiv, fect has the force of the imperfect
'

jjdsiv.

6.

The Etymologicum Magnum

i'co,

(voc.

ccnfifisv)

has subj.

1 sing, li'w for

formed from EISl.

The infinitive nQoaEtvat, at Hes. Op. 351, according some, belongs to elfii, to be. But " si," says Goettling, '* ngoauvuL ab etfii, non ab hixl derivaris, perditur omnis in hoc
6.

to

antiquo proverbio

membrorum
requirit,

aequalitas, quae ut (pih'ovTcc cpiXstv,

86(xtv og x d(a, etc.

ita

etiam hie
'

slfii,

verbum

flagitat,

non

sifxl
:

Sequendus
slvai'

igitur

ApoUonius

erat Lexico

Ho-

mer ico

'Halodog dvrl tov Uvat

xal

tw ngoaiovTi

nQ

a tlv on,y

w
^Jtnm

^:?(m'

CATALOGUE OF VERBS.

/1<> a.UT}o;iATAD

CATALOGUE OF VERBS.

in ^'aw, tjua, r,xa, rjfiai, and rjd^r,v, from barytone Thus ft/lfl/y'aw, 5cdapresuppose a present in c'w. ax7/(jfi), fisXX^acj, from aki^o), diddoxoji /Uf'AAw, imply AytEZEJl, JTJAZKESl, MEAAESL. Imaginary themes of this description are not given in this catalogue, simply because they can be formed or imagined without the least difficulty.
1.

Forms
to,

verbs in

Obsolete or imaginary presents are printed in capitals. ** reason of this practice is thus given by Buttmann in order that the eye may not become accustomed by means of the common letters to a multitude of unused and merely imaginary forms, and thus rendered less capable of detecting barbarisms at first sight."
2.

The

A.

AASl^
10,

to injure^ lead into error, ruin. Epic, aor. oiaaa contracted daa, II. 8, 237; Odys. 21, 296;

68;
;

11,

61:

aor.
4,

pass, adad^riv^

Mid. 3 sing, ddxat 246. (contracted from ddsTai), as active, II. 19, 91 aor. daadfiriv contracted dadfit^v, II. 9, 537; 19, 95 ; the contracted form dadfirjv is active in signification. See also drdo^ai.
Horn.
:

503

Hym.

Odys.

4,

quantity of the two first syllables () is variable in the aorist. The verbal adjective ccaxog (), with the accent on the antepenult, has an active signification, hurtful, injurious, Apol. 1, 459. It is not found in the early EjDic Poets. From aaio? comes war?? contracted art], in Pindar With - priva(xvdju, injury, ruin, destruction, misfortune. tive, auTog becomes vidccjog (aad, or aau), with a passive signification, not to be sligfited, inviolable, II. 14, 271 ;

The

Odys. 21,91.

74
The
original
an^ayixoi,

a^Qo
theme was ^p^J2, hence the adjective and the substantive avaVa (a para).

ABPOTJIZSI

(afiagrdvco), to miss, stray from, occurring only in the aor. subj. 1 plur. ajSgoxd^oixsv, Epic for dSgoxd^aixev, II. 10, 65. It is formed from the Epic 2 aor. ijfx^QOTov, from a^aQrdvta, by rejecting the augment and dropping ^. For the omission of ^, compare anlaawv for a^nXuaoiv from afinXnxlaHa).
to revere,

dyaCo^ai (a/a^at),
dyaLOfiat (d/dofxac)

worship, Pind.

Nem.
Epic

to be indignant at, envy,

8, 69.

and

Ionic,

Odjs. 20, 16; Herod.

dyafiai (dj^dofiai), to admire, be struck with admiration, inflected like lojaiiat in the present and imperfect fut. d^^daofxat aor. fi^dad^t^v the usual Attic aorist, Xen. Anab. 1, 1, 9 ; Pind. Pyth. 4, 424: aor. mid. i^yaadfiT^v, Odys. 18,70.
:

dydofjiai, to

admire Hes. Theog. 619

181.

;
:

also to
fut.

envy, be jealous

of,

dydaoixai^cia), Odys. 4,

2 plur. protracted, for a/ff^ {dydea^e), 119. tjydaa&e, imperf. protracted, for rj/oca&E {riydsade), Epic, Odys. 5, 122.
pres.

aydao&s,

Epic, Odys. 5,

dyykXXo {ArFEASl), to announce, fut. dyyeXeo, dyyeU, II. 9, 617; Soph. Col. 1429 aor. yiyyula, Eurip. Med. 1111: perf. riyysXxa, Dem. 343: perf. pass. TJyyslfxat, ^sch. Choeph. 774, aor. pass. rjyysld'T^v, Eurip. Hec. 59 1 2 aor. rjyysXov, Herod. 4, 153: 2 aor. pass. -qyyeXijv, Eurip. Taur. 932. Mid. dyyikkofxai, to announce as from one's self. Soph. Aj. 1376 aor. i^yyeiXdfir^v, Plat. Gorg. 32 2 aor. ^yyaXo^riv, Xen. Anab.
: :

5, 6, 26.

Many
dyetgco

critics

suppose that the forms rjysXov,

to
collect,

^^yydofirjv

were never used by the Attic, writers.

{AFEPSl),

bring together, as-


ayvv
semble, aor.
pass,
flexive,

76
aor.

rjysiga,
11.

Xen. Anab. 3,2, 13:

57.

rjyig&tfv,

1,

Mid.

d/sigofxai,

re-

pluperf.

plur.

211:

aor.

rjystgdfxriv,
II.

Epic dy-qyegaxo, II. 4, Odys. 14, 248: 2 aor.

riysgofxriv, 134.
'

2, 94.
aor. mid. part,

/9o//yo?, 2
II.

7,

Apol.

uydgovjai

syncopated for a/SQo^srog, 894, aydqavxai, pres. 3 plur. for Brunck changes it into aysgovjo.
3,

dylvia (dyo), Epic and Ionic, to bring, Odys. 2, 192; Herod. 3, 89: imperf. ^/cvsov, II. 18, 493: fut. dyLVT^awy Horn. Hym. 1,67. Mid. dyivko^ai, Herod. 7, 33.

aylvsaxov, imperf.

iterative,

Odys. 17, 294.

of,

dyvoeco

(dvoos),
:

not to know, to be ignorant

regular

fut.

dyvorjacs, Isoc.

286

also dyvo^ao'

According to Thomas Magister, the fut. mid. ayvoi^aofiat, preferable to ayvorjaco. This assertion, however, does not seem to be supported by classical authority. ayvcaaaaxs, aor. iterative, for ayvo^aaaxs, Odys. 23, 95. The adjective uvoog is compounded of - privative and
is

voog.

axca'

But voog is derived from FNOH) the theme of yiyvatherefore its original form was rN002' hence the adjective AFNOO^, like aXoyog from - and loyog (Uyu)
;

hence the verb

dyvoiico,

ayvos'oj,

like oUoysM

from aXoyog.

See

also

Epic

for dyvosco^ aor. subj.

tfdi for dyvoty^

Odys. 24, 217

:

dyvvfii
6,

and dyvvc) (^ArSl), to fut. d^co, II. 8, 403 aor. I'a|a, rarely ^|a, Xen. Anab. 4, 2, 20 II. 23, 392 2 perf. eaya,
5
:

3 sing, dyvoiII. 1, 637. break, Xen. CEcon.

riyvolricia,
:

Ionic eriya, as intransitive or passive, to be broken, Eurip. Cycl. 684 ; Herod. 7, 224 : aor. pass.
idyr^v, rarely dyr^v,

Lysias, 144;

II.

16, 801.

See

also ytaxdyw^i.
:

The penult of iuyriv is long in Attic Greek Arist. Vesp. 1428, ytmmyr] may be scanned ^j kj In the Epic language it is usually shorty as II. 3, 367 ; unless we contract
.


76
ia- in pronunciation.

ayog

The penult of
;

ayrjv follows the anal-

ogy of

Ach. 944 II. 16, 801. Hes. Op. 432. tTfQov y' a^aig most probably stands for sregov yd^aig {fa^aig). See the next paragraph. The original theme was pAFSl, hence /Sdyog, yaxtog. See also xavd^aig under naiayvv^t. We suppose further that ^AI'Jl is a modification of fPAFJl, the original theme of Q^ywfii, which see.
iayijv, Arist.

d/ogdofxat
aor.

rjyogaofiffVy

(d/ogd), to harangue, Poetic, imperf. Herod. 6, 11 ; Soph. Trach. 601:

II.

dyogriaduriv,

1,

73.

In

prose, d/ogev(o,

ngoa/ogsvco, regular.
11.2,337.
pres. protracted, for ayoQua&s {ayoQuea^s), riyoqaaad^f, imperf. protracted, for riyoQuax^B {'^yogdea&s), II. 8, 230; 3 plur. '^yoQoojvTo, for ^yogwvro

ayoQocaa&e,

Pind. Isth. 1, 73, sv dyogri^iig, now {tiyoQaovTo), II. 4, 1. edited ivayoQtiddg, from the Doric tvuyoQioi for ivtjyoQsm, to praise, opposed to }iaxi]yoQe(o.

to

aycD

brings fut. d^ca, Xen. Thuc. 2,97: perf. ^/a, rarely a/?^'o/a, Dem. 346. 237: perf. pass, -qyixai, Plat. Leg. 6, 21 aor. pass. rj%d^r^v, Xen. Anab. 6, 3, 10: 2 aor. -qyayov the usual Attic aorist, Xen. Cyr. 5, 5, 31. Verbal Adjective docisos^ Xen. Hel. 6, 4, 5. Mid. dyoixai, to lead for or to one^s self, to marry, fut. d^ofiai. Soph. Col. 1460 aor. mid. rj^dfxriv not Attic, Herod. 1, 190 2 aor. Tfyayofiriv the usual Attic aorist, Arist. Plut.
lead,

{AFAFSl),
2, 3,

Anab.

aor. :^|a,

529.
|T, aor. imperat. 2 plur. Epic for a^ais, II. 3, 105; 24, 778. (xyr}yoxoi, the original form of the perfect dyi^oxui in an ancient inscription, Buttmann's Lexil. 21 30. avvayayox^ioc {(xyayoxtia), pluperf. for a way tjyoxsn, avvayTjy ox ftVi in an ancient inscription, Matth. Gram, under the Anomalous ayto. ayeofj-svog, pres. pass. part. Ionic for ayofisvog,

Herod. 3, 14. It seems that there was a time when uym was pronounced

f ayoi, whence f^nyog {dyog). Compare Latin ago, vagor, vagus, veho, vagabundus, English wagon, wain, vagabond.
dyovi^ofxai (^dyciv), to
contend,
fut.

dyaviovfiai,

ai8

77

Xen, Anab.
939
;

4,

6,

7; Dem. 516 (passively?):

Ion,

perf. yy(6vLa[xai actively or passively, Eiirip.

Sup. 465

aor. pass. TJ/ovcad'rfv passively,

Lysias. Verbal dycovioiios,

aycovldaTai,
9, 26.
perf.

Dem.

129.

plur. Ionic,

used passively, Herod.

AJESI

[A/ISl)^ to he sated, disgusted loith, feel disgust or dislike^ Epic, aor. opt. ddrjastsv, Odys. See also 1, 134: perf. part. dSr^xm, II. 10, 98.

do, to sate.
are commonly written with 68, addrjasuv, because the penult of the derivative adog, disgust, weariness, is short, while Homer makes the first syllable of the verb everywhere long. The form AJSl seems to be connected with the adverb aXig, Latin satis, satur, English sate.

These forms

addrjKwg,

'AASl,
adcj

to please, see avdavco.

to

{dsiBco),

sing,

fut.

aaofiac,

Thuc.

2,

54

Doric doS, dasvi^ai, Theoc. 1, 145; 3, 38: aor. yda, Arist. Pac. 1296 perf. pass, ^aixat, Athen.
:

15,

aor.

pass, yax^r^v,
Arist.

Verbal adrios,

Xen. Mem. Nub. 1025.

2,

6,

11.

5s Tat, pres. pass. 3 sing, impersonal, equivalent to

f

Xs-

ysrai, it is said, later, Palaeph. 28, 1.

dsidca,

to
7,

sing, Poetic, fut.

dsiaofxai, dsicfco, Pind.

:

Isth.

53

Theoc. 22, 26

aor.

ijstcia,

Pind.

Olym.
CCS
I

10, 28.

19,

a so, aor. mid. imperat. edited also asidso. 1

;

Pind. Nem.

2 sing Epic, Hom. Hym.

4, 146,

16,

Heyne's

asiaazo

is

now

edited asiasv.

Hymns
.

(as 11, 1),

and

also in

In some of the Homeric Theocritus (7, 41), the first

hence the Boeotic forms nvXtt^vdog, xi& a ga^vdog, xw^uapf^o?, Qaipa^vdog, TQuyaJTvSog, in one of the Orchomenian inscriptions, for,
the

syllable of asl8(a is long. Its original form was apt(5D)*

common

avXaidog (avX-aoidog), xi^uQcodog {xix^ag-aoidog),

ytcofiadog (yccofi-aoidog), ^aifj(od6g {gaip-aoidog),

Tgaywdog (iQuy-

uoidog).

For the commutation of 7*

ot

and

v.

compare pvxta
-^
.

..ibi:jj-.im :l

78
for
otx/, in

asip
the second

Orchomenian

inscription

(Rose's

Inscript. Grjec. tab. 41, 40).

dsigo

to raise, lift up, Poetic and Ionic, contracted dgco (a), Msch, Pers. 795 aor. rjsiga, Soph. Antig. 418: perf. pass, rjeg^ai, Apol. 2, 171 aor. pass, rjsg&riv, Herod. 1, 165: aor. mid. Tjsigdixyiv transitively, Herod. 7, 156.
fut.

{AEPSl),
d^gco,

See

also atgco.
^'eoio, II. 3,

vtagio, pluperf. pass. 3 sing, for 253.

272

19,
'

'

di^G)

Poetic and Ionic for ai/'la, to increase, Eurip. Hip. 537 ; Herod. 3, 80 aor. aor. pass, ds^ij&rfv. rii^r}oa, x4nthol. Epigr. 299 fut. mid. ds^}]00fiai, Apol. Anthol. 9, 631 3, With pure writers it is found in the pres837. ent and imperfect only.
: :

(AEFSI),

The original theme was probably aVetjI, connected This theme modified with the Latin vegeo, vigeo, vigor. becomes ATFSl, hence av^w, av^dvto, Latin augeo.
dsggo {AEPSl), Mo\\c for deigco, Sapph. 73 aor. T^sgoa, Panyas. 6, 13. dsgrd^a {deigco), imperf. i^igia^ov, Apol. 1, 738.
:

AEP2,
AES2,

see deigco, digga,

sleep,

to

aor. d(ja (a),

3,

40 ; but deaa (a), Odys. Odys. 16, 367.

II.

Odys. 3, 151 ; 15, 490 ; contracted dda,

dti&soao) (drj&ris), to be unused, imperf. dij&saaov,

10,

493:

aor.

djj&saa, Apol.

1,

1171.
;

It

takes no augment.
oirifiL

{AESl,

d(o),

to blow, breathe,
;

deiai for dEiai, Hes.

djjfisvai, dsis,
II.

9,

Epic 3 plur. Theog. 875 driTO), d^vai or 5 Odys. 3, 183 II. 23, 214:
;

imperf. dr^v, Odys. 12, 325.

Pass,

dr^fxat, to be

wind, Odys. 6, 131 ; to be noised abroad, be in circulation, Pind. Isth. It retains 4, 15: imperf. dijfirfVf Hes. Scut. 8.

blown upon, exposed

to the

7f

in inflection.

aige
dd'sgc^co,

79
Odys.
8,

to

slight,

treat slightly, Epic,

11.

212:
later,

imperf.

dMgi^ov,
:

1,

261

fut. d&egi'C(o

Apol. 3, 548

aor.

dd-igt^a later Apol. 2,

^488.
atSiofiai, to respect, fut. albsao^aL (dcf)
,

Xen. Mem.
aor.

3,5, 15:

perf.

j^dsofxai,

Dem. 645:
:

pass.

y8ia&riv Eurip. Hec. 286 Soph. Aj. 506.

269.

aor.

mid. ydeadfxrfv,

aid si 0, imperat. contracted from aidiso, Epic, Odys. 9, Odys. 14,388, aldiaoofim is written also aldi^aoixau

aidofiai, Poetic for

at^ko^ai,
aiveaco,

II.

21, 74;
II.

1,

331

^sch. Eum. 549:

alvico,
to praise,

imperf. aldoixriv,

fut.

21, 468. alvicfofiai, Eurip.

Xen. Hel 3, 2, 6; Epic atvijaco, Odys. 16, 380: aor. ^i/f(7a, Epic j^'i/T^cra, Eurip. Med. 223 ; II. 23, 552 perf. yvsxa, Isoc. 276 aor. pass, yvid^jjv, perf. pass, jjvtffiai, Isoc. 281 Thuc. 225. Verbal atveieog. Plat. Ph^dr. 25.
Orest. 499;
: :

In prose

commonly enaivio,

inaivsai {aivsai),
inaivssai,

Herod. 3,34.

enaiviw

pres.

pass.

sing, syncopated for {aivim), Laconian for

inmvifa, Arist. Lys. 198.

al'vrifit,

another form of alvsco, Hes. Op. 681.

II.

alvitonai, another form of alvea, as active,

13,

374.
ulvLaaofiaL or atviTjofiai,
to

hint
:

obscurely, fut.

aivi^o^ai, Eurip. Elec.

sively, Arist. sively.

Plat.

^viy^ai pasEq. 196: aor. pass. ]7V;^i9^?^i^ pasGeorg. 109: aor. mid. i^vi^dfiriv,
perf.

946

Soph. Aj. 1158.

aivvfjiaL, to take,
l^ir^v,

Odys. 21, 53.

Epic, Odys. 14, 44: imperf. alvvInflected like 8sLxvv^ai,

iSsLTcvviJtriv,

OLigkco

(EAIl),
;

to take, fut. algrjaco,

5,

also

iXS

rare, Arist.
1,

Ionic dgaigrfxa, Thuc.

Xen. Hel. 3, Eq. 290 perf. ygr/xa 103; Herod. 5, 102:

:

80
perf. pass, ygrffxai

aigm

Ionic dgaigr^fxat, Soph. Antig. Herod. 4, 66 ; 7, 83 aor. pass, ygi&rfv, Eurip. Sup. 635: 2 aor. sT}.ov, eXo, Xen. Hel. 1, Verbal aigeiioSf as active (dst atguv), 5, 21. Xen. Anab. 4, 7, 3 ; or as middle (Set! algsiad'ai), Mid. aigiofiai, to choose, select, preIsoc. 135. fer, fut. algrjaofiat, Xen. Anab. 1, 3, 5 ; also ikovixai rare and later, Anthol. 9, 1 08 perf. ygi^^ai, Xen. Hel. 3, 1, 3 aor. ^grfod^r^v rare, Arist. Thesm. 761 2 aor. slXofir^v, ilofxat, Msch.

493

Pers. 7 ; also slkdfiriv later. The aoixat of the compound dcpaigBoiiai

sivehj,

fut.
is

dcpaigij-

used passhall he deprived, Eurip. Troad. 1278;

5, 35.
frag.

Herod.
Hlof^rjv.

which Hermann writes is supposed by some to come from nsQLEXavvco, but compare Arist. Nub. 844. As to s^slovvjfg, Herod. 3, 59, it may easily be changed into f|X(ovTeg, from i^sXavvcj. yivjo, he seized, 2 aor. mid. 3 sing. Epic for hXhTo, II. 8, 43. It is formed from the original theme fEylSli in the following manner; fsXsTo, fsXio (like
Simonid.

Arist. Eq. 290 nsQisXat

9,

slXdfirjv,

for

Tiotog)

dXto for i]Xsro), psi'To (like '^v&ov, /Se'vxiaTog, for '^X&ov, (SiXfinally, after the disappearance of p, ysvTo. suppose that ^EyJH became 'AJJl (whence aXlaxofiai), after the analogy of tqetko, tqoitiu) The form tQEcpco, iQuqxo.
',

We

'

'AJJI was changed into 'APfL (compare xXl^avog, KQl^avog), hence 'atpsI, alQSM. But ^EJfl was fEASL^ therefore algm must have been ^aiQEut. In fact, the Homeric unoalgeo (II. 1, 275) seems to imply ano^aiQBo.

aigo)
(a),

{AFS2,
:

dsiga),
:

to

raise,

lift

up,

fut.

dga

Soph. Aj. 75 aor. 129 perf. ^gxa, Thuc.

7,

ffga, dgco (a).

Soph. Aj.
1,

8,

100

perf. pass, ^gfiai,

Thuc.

41

aor.

pass,

ijg&r^v,

Thuc.

49.

should be referred to dsigo, which see. Mid. atgo^ai, to lift up for one^s self, gain, loin, fut. dgov^ai (a). Soph. Col. 460 : perf. fig^iai. Soph. Elec. 54 aor. tjgdfxrfv, dgco2 aor. fiai (d), Thuc. 3, 39 ; Find. Isth. 5, 87
fut.

The

dgS

(a),

aiTL
-^go^riv,

81
23,

agonal

(a),

11.

592; jEsch. Sept.

;

316.

Homer uses rjQa^rjv and tjQo^rjv in the indicative in the The other moods, the second aorist only, agolfitjv, agia&ai. Attic poets generally use '^ga(j,riv' sometimes fJQ6fir]v, but Prose writers only in the dependent moods, as agoifiriv (). use only rigafxriv with its dependent moods. i^agri [uQr]), 2 aor. subj. 3 sing, with short , Athen. 1, i^Qd, aor. mid. 62; edited also i^uyjj from f^dyat, ayta. 2 sing, for r^goy, Arist.Ach. 913, in the mouth of a Boeotian.

atad-dvo^at (^AI2^0Sl), to perceive, fut. ala&rjaofiai^ Xen. Cyr. 7, 1,9: perf. ijcf&rfi^ai, Eurip. Hip. 1403: aor. jfO&ofiriv, Thuc. 1, 72. aiad^o^uL for alod^dvo^ai, Plat. Rep. 10, 8; doubtful.

dio&co {dri^i, dco), to breathe, breathe forth,

II.

16,

20, 403. dtddc) or diTTo, to rush impetuously, aor. rji^a,

;

468

4,

78

aor. pass, rfi/d^r^v as active,

II.

3,

368.

II.

Mid. diaaofiat as
II.

22, 195.

See
:

active,

II.

6,

510

aor. i^t^dfir^v,

also aaao) or arra),

II.

ai'^aaicov, aor. iterative,

18, 159.

at6xvvca abuse,

{AI2XT2),
fut.

long

v,

to

shame, disgrace,
:

ataxw^. Eurip. Hip. 719 aor. ^axvVOL, Thuc. 4, 92 perf. pass. jjcixvfjLfxai, II. 17, 189 aor. pass. ^a^vvB^riv as middle, Xen. Anab.
:

2, 3, 22.
to

a/vvsad-ai),
fjiai,
fjiuL,

Verbal ala/vvrios as middle (8ei atXen. Cy. 4, 2, 40. Mid. aiaxvvo' be or feel ashamed, respect, fut. atoxwov-

Xen. Mem.

3, 1, 11.

ahidofiat (ahta),
usually
passive,

to

blame, find fault with,

fut.

ahidc^ofiai (a), Plat. Gorg.

156
:

perf. jfxid^ai

Thuc.

3,

61

aor.

yridd^r^v (d)

passively,
fiffv,

Xen. Hel. Xen. Anab. 7,

7, 1, 11.
infin.

2, 1,

32:

aor.

mid. yjidad-

8, 23.

Verbal atnaiios,

Xen. Cyr.

alxidua&ai,

protracted for alTiaa&at {alTioieo-&ai),

82
Epic.
oVto),
II.

aw
10, 120.

ijitaaff^fi, imperf.
:

plur. for jjima^s

for ipiwvjo {fijid-

(^^n(ji^s), II. 16,

II.

202

plur.

^tiocovto,

II, 78.

pres. 3 plur. protracted for alimviai {aludOdys. 1, 32: air 1 6 coo, opt. 2 sing, for ahiwo {ahidoLo), Epic, Odys. 20, 135: 3 sing. alTiocoTO, for uUlWTO {altidoiro), H. 11, 654.

ail

10

M via I,

oviai), Epic.

dio, to hear, jEsch.

rip.

Agam. 55

imperf. ai'or,
3,

Med. 148; Find. Pyth.

15, 252,
d'l'co

47.

See

Eualso

avddco,
II.

is

supposed to be synonymous with dtd^icj), to grieve, afflict^

a&(o, to give

up the ghost.

dxa;^it(o

{AXSl^

AKAXJl^
:

sadden, Epic. Odys. 16, 432: fut. dxaxTJaco^ Horn. Hym. 2, 286 aor. dxd/rfaa, II. 23, 223 2 aor. Tjxaxov, II. 16, 822. Mid. dxa;^i^ofiai, to sorrow, grieve, be afflicted, Odys. 1 1 , 486

dxdxriuai as present, dxd/r^od'ai, dxa^rjfiS' vos or dxri%sfivos, Odys. 19, 95 ; II. 19, 335 ; 2 aor. 7fxaxo(X7jv, dxa/oi^riv, Odys. 5, 24, 364 16,342; 1, 236.
perf.
:

dxaxelaTO,
the

oixrj/edatcii, perf. 3 plur. for dici^x^vTat, II. 17, 637. pluperf. 3 plur. for dxdxtjVTo, U. 12, 179. The root of this verb seems to be an onomatopy. Compare
interjection

From the theme AXIl comes ax! noun

the

ah! Romaic

denoting pain, grief.

axog.

dxa/^ivos, see

AKSl.
mend, remedy,
fut. dxidofjiat (cio),

dxsofxaL, to heal,

rixsad^riv, Eurip. Hec. 1067: aor. act. part, i^axsaas (dxiaas), Pythagor. 66.

Mus. 199:

aor.

ditso, imperat.

sing, for dxsso,

Herod.

3, 40.
:

dxr^dio {dxr^dijs), to
dxTJdeaa,
II.

7ieglect,

iEsch. Prom. 508

aor.

14, 427.

dxovd^a,

Mid. for dxovo, Horn. Hym. 2,423. dxavd^ofzai as active, Odys. 9, 7. dxovo) (AKOSl), to hear, fut. dxovaofjiai, Arist.

Ach. 302

aor. rjxovGia,

Xen. Mem.
:

2, 5, 1

perf.

axovxa. Doric, Plut. Lycurg. 20

perf. dxrj-

aXba
;coa,

83

2 pluperf. ^xj^xoslv^ Ionic 1, 26; Herod. 2, 52: perf. pass. Tjyiovaiiai later, Etymolog. Magn. under aor. pass, rixovad^r^v, Thuc. 3, 38. aLvdficogoL Mid. Verbal dxovctTBos, Arist. Ran. 1180. axovofxat as active, imperf. r(xov6^riv, II. 4, 331 aor. '^xovadfXTfv, Mosch. 3, 126.
:

Soph. Aj. 480

dxr^xoeiv,

Xen. Hel.

5,

dxgodo[xai (dxovo), to hear, fut. dxgodcfofxai (do), aor. '^xgododixriv, Arist. Nub. Plat. Apol. 27 1343. Verbal dxgoarios, Arist. Av. 1228.
:

It

seems

to be a prolongation of axov oj
g,

(akOJI).

For the

insertion of

compare

dagdocnrto

from ddmoi, ayQvnvog for

avnvoq from - and vnvog.

AKSl,

to sharpen, perf. pass. part, dxax^svog, sharpened, pointed. Epic, II. 10, 135.

r^,

ov^

Observe that the

y) before ^.
yri

The nouns

y,

of the root

is

changed into x ("Ot

Further,

into

alxiir], anfiri, axi],

nxmxi] (like aycoit is

from ciym) are derived from this theme. connected with the Latin acuo, acus, acies.

dXaivo), another form of dXdoixai,

^sch. Agam. 82.

dlaXd^co (ccAaAot), to raise a war cry, fut. dXaXd^o[xai, Eurip. Bac. 593 aor. ^AaAa|a, Xen. Anab,
:

dXaXxov, see

dXi^co.

dXaXvxTTi^at, see dXvxTd^o. dkdo^ai, to ivander, Poetic,

Scut.
13,

fut.

409

perf.

dldXrffxat,
II.

as

dXrfao^ai, Hes. present, dkd-

XriG&ai, dlahjfisvos,

333:

aor. pass. dXrj&^v,

23, 74; Odys. 12, 284; Odys. 14, 120.

dkyvvco (dXyeivos, AAFTX), to vex, give pain, sadden, fut. dlyvva^ Soph. Phil. QQ : aor. TjXyvra, Soph. Tyr. 446 aor. pass. riXyvvd^ijv, ^sch. Prom. 245 fut. mid. dXyvvov^ai, Soph. Antig. 230. dXdatvco {AAJANSl), to nourish, increase. Poetic, ^sch. Sept. 12: 2 aor. ^kdavov, Odys. 18, 70.
: :

See

also dldrjoxo).


84
Arist.
It
alo.

aUtf
Nub.
to
28*2, for

seems

aXdofiivav, Dindorf edits aQ^o^ivav, be etymologically connected with the Latin

to

dldrjaxci)

(dkSaLvo), to nourish; also

grow

intran-

sitive;

Theoc.

axov

iterative,

23, 599: aor. dXdriaa17, 78; See later Epic, Orph. Lith. 364.
II.

also dXdaivcD.

dXseivo (dkiofxat)^
dXuipc)

to avoid,

II.

11,

794;

6,

167.

{AAI^h),
and

to

anoint, fut. dXeixpo, Eurip.

Aul. 1486: aor. rjXsLxpa, Arist. Eq. 490: perf. rjlsKpa and dXriXicpa, Dem. 1243: perf. pass.
'^XsififxaL

dkrjXt^fiaL,

Dem. 791

Thuc.

3,

20: riXncpd^riv, Eurip. Taur. 698: 2 aor. pass. f(Xi(priv, Plat. Phaedr. 88. d^sLTtiios, Mid. dXsicpofxaL rei^aXsiTiTios, Lysias, 202. flexive, to anoint one^s self, dketyjofiaL, TJXeiyjdaor. pass.
fiTiv,

Thuc.

4,

68

Arist.

Nub. 977.
to help,
fut.

dUleo

{AAEKIl, AAKIl, AAKASSl),

ward
II.

assist,

or drive
6,

off,

Poetic in the active,

?jAi|?/(;a,

dks^rjaa,

109:

aor.

rarely ^'Af|a,
aor. rjkak-

Odys.
xov,

3,

346; ^sch. Sup. 1052: 2

rjkxadov, dkxd&siv, Pind. Olym. 10, Mid. 125; jEsch. frag. 417; Soph. frag. 827. dks^ofiat, to avert from my self, repel an enemy,
also

defend my self, fut. dX^rjao(jLac, aor. ijks^dfir^v, Xen. Cyr. 7, 3

:

Xen. Anab.
1,

7,

5, 13.

nXixb), pres. for

agriyo)

aki^to, later,

The themes AAEKJl, AAKSL seem

and

aquiix).

Anthol. 6, 245. to be connected with For the commutation of and g, com;i

'

pare aVi^avog, XQt^avog "EASI, xnlvmu}, xQvmo). tQXOfiai

aXiaxo^ai,

aigsco

'

EAOSL,

dkiofxat (aXsva), to avoid. Epic, II. 5, 34 aor. ^Af afjLifv, dlsaifxr^v, dkiaa&s, dXiaad-ai, II. 13, 436;
:

Odys. 20, 368

dkevco, to avert,

4,

774.

off, protect, Poetic, jEsch. dkevaa, Soph. frag. 825 aor. (?) iiXevaa, dXevaov, iEsch. Sept. 87 ; Sup. 528.

ward
fut.

Prom. 368

alia

B5
:

Mid. alsvoixat,
dlsvdfirfv,

to avoid,

Epic, Odys. 24, 29

fut.

aor.
^

aAfo,

/o

II. 3, 360. grind, Arist. Nub. 1358:

doubtful, Arist. Nub. 1299: aor. Odys. 21, 109 Theoph. Char. 4 perf. dXrjlsxa, ) Anthol. 11, 251 perf. pass. dlriXao^aL and aA?/As^at, Herod. 7, 23; Thuc. 4, 26.
;
:

aXo, ijXem (aa\

dkiaco,

aA?/^fi} (akk(o), to

grind, Anthol. 11, 154.

dXijvai, see
dld^ofiai, to
II.

ft'Afij.

become healed, Epic, imperf. dXd^o^riv, fut. dld^TJaoi^iai passively, II. 8, 405: ^ aor. pass. dk&sa&ijvaL, Hippocr. dXi^Svo) (a'Ag, dvo), long v, to submerge in the sea, Call. frag. 269.
5,

417:

'

mol.

For dvHv, the ^olians Magn. voc. &Xi^dvsiv.

said ^8viiv, that

is

p^vf/y, Ety-

dXivdo or dXivSofiai, and dhvSscs, dXtvSiofiai, to aor. rjkiaa, roll, Nic. Ther. 156; Anthol. 7, 736
:

Arist.

Nub. 32

perf. rjXlxa, Arist.

Nub.

33.
to

dliaxofiat

(AAQ, 'AAOSl, 'AA2MI),

Thuc.
:

be

taken, captured,
fxr^v,

1,

121

imperf.

i^Xiaxo1,

Thuc.
:

7,

23

fut.

dl^ooiiai,

Xen. Anab. 83: 2

4,
^

perf.

idXcoxa the usual Attic perfect, also

1,

Ulcoxa, Thuc. 3, 29; Herod. Xov the usual Attic aorist, also
dXcovai, dXovs, Arist.

aor. la-

r/Aoj/, ctAco, dXoirfv,

1,

Vesp. 355; Herod.

84.
active

is

All these forms have a passive signification. supplied by aiQso), to take.

The

a A WW,
14, 81
aXolrjv,
;

(ar]g, ojt],

Hferod'.

4,

Odys. 14,

Epic for Aw, tog, w, II. 11, 405 127: aX(o7}v, 2 aor. opt. 'not Attic, for 183: aXoj^svtxi, 2 aor. inf. Epic for aXwaor. subj.

21, 495. penult of eaXmr is long in the indicative, but short in the other moods. But alovrs, II. 5, 487, has long. The theme "jlJJl is evidently a modification of 'EyJSlf may therefore assume ^AAfL as a.iQE(a, which see. the original theme.
vai, II.

The

We

86

aliT

dhigatva) (dXixgog, AAIT2), to sin, err against, Hes. Op. 239 aor. dUirfoa rare, Orph. Arg. Mid. dhrgaL642: 2 aor. ^'Atrov, II. 9, 375. as active, written also dXijaivo^ai, Hes. voixac perf. Op. 328 aor. i^hjofirfv, Odys. 6, 1 08 part, dhnjfxsvos as an adjective, sinning, offend:

ing. Hes. Scut. 91,

(xtav,

ahTrjfisvog

seems

to be equivalent to aAaij-

wicked.

dXxd&SLv, see dki^co, dXXdaacD or dXXdno)

change,
rj

{AAAAFSl,
Eurip.

aXXos),

to
aor.

fut.

dXXd^co,
13,

Bac.
;

1332

XXa^a,

Eurip.
3,

Xen. Mem.
Arist. Pac.
:

Phoen. 6

1246
perf.

perf.

pass.

rjXkaxa, ijXlayuai,

1128: aor. pass. "^Ikd/d^r^v, Eurip. Aul. 798 2 aor. pass, iflld/riv, Arist. Ach. 270. Verbal dXlaxiios^ Dem. 410. Mid. dlXdaofiat, to exchange, dXld^ofxai, Eurip. Hel. 1088; aor. Pind. Olym. 10, 21. '^UaldfxTfv, Thuc. 8, 82

Eurip. Ale. 672, '^IXa^ditjv,

aor.

2 dual

for the usual

form

ijXXd^aiov

aXXo^ai (AAS2), to leap, fut. dXov^ai, Doric dX^vTheoc. 3, 25 aor. ^Aa/i?/v, fxai, Xen. Eq. 8, 4 dXo^uL (d), Arist. Ran. 244 2 aor. riXo^riv, dXa[xai (a), Xen. Hel. 4, 5, 7.
;
: :

alao, 2 aor 2 sing. Epic, for {akfao, also) ijlov, II. 16, 754; 3 sing. dXTo, for rjhro, II. 1, 532 all with the smooth breathing compare ri^^goiov from dfiagrdvco. The is long in consequence of the anomalous temporal augment. alsxai, 2 aor. subj. 3 sing. Epic, for dXrixai, II. 11, 192: aXfisvog, 2 aor. part, in composition, for'dXoi^fvog, II. 11, with the smooth breathing. We have already at421 tempted to connect nXXo^m with /SaXXl'CM, ndXXw, Latin salio,
:

ballistea, Italian ballo,

English ball (dance).

dXodco and dXada, to thrash out corn, to smite, Xen. CEcon. 18, 3: aor. i^Xor/aa, Arist. Ran. 149:
perf. pass. r^Xorif^ai,

Athen. 14, 17.

a^ag
aXoidco^

87
10,

Epic

for dkodco,

Theoc.

48

aor. T^loh^-

4, 622. ^AA012, see dXlaxofxai^ dvaXoco. dXvxid^a, to be troubled, in distress, Herod, 9, 70 perf. mid. dXaXvyciri^aL as present, Epic, 10, 94; as from a present in -da, dXvad-aLvo (aAv), to be sick at heart. Call. Del. 212. dXvaxo and dkvaxd^o) {AATKn,

aa,

II.

AATZKA:

Odys. 23, 363 fut. dXv^G) and dlv^o^ai, iEsch. Pers. 93 Hes. Op. 361 aor. ^Ai;|a, iEsch. Pers. 100: 2 aor. dlv^ycavov, Odys. 22, 330.
to avoid,

NSl),

escape. Poetic,

Soph. Aj. 656, i^aXv^(o[io(i, aor. mid. subj.

i^aXsvawfiai from i^aXsvofiat.

is

edited also

dXvaaco, to be distressed in mind, rave, II. 22, 70. dXvco, sometimes dXvo, to be mentally moved from

joy or

grief,

to

be in agony, to be in a state of
;

perplexity, jEsch. Sept. 391

Arist.
;

it

penult is long in Attic Poetry generally short.

The

the Epic Poets

Vesp. 111. make

dX(paLvco

{AA0SI),
Arist. frag.

to find.
:

Poetic, Eurip.
II.

Med.

298

308

aor. r]A^ov,

21, 79.

'^AA2, see dXioxouat, d^agidvco (AMAPTS2), to err, miss, fut. d/xagTyj' oco Ionic, Hippocr. ; Attic dfiagri^aofxat, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 16: aor. i^fidgxriaa later, Orph. Arg.

641

perf. y/Adgrr^xa,

Thuc.
:

3,

53

perf.

pass.

Soph. Tyr. 621 aor. pass, rffxagrrj2 aor. rlf^agxav, Epic rjf^^go' d^riv, Thuc. 2, 65 Tov, Arist. Nub. 1076; II. 5, 287. Verbal dfiagTTfTsog, Dem. 595. The Epic form ti^^qoxov is formed from rifiaQiov as
rnxdgTtfixai^
:

TJ^agxov' by metathesis rifigmov by changing rjuQOTov by inserting /9, and changing the rough breathing into the smooth, ijfijSQOTov, like fisarjfi^gla, from

follows;
into
o,

88
fiEarjfieQia, fisarj^-Qia
'

ufi^k
yafj^igog,

from

ydfiog, ya^fgoq,
'

ya^-goq'

//,/5ooT0^,

from MEIPSl, ^ogrog,

afiogjog, afi-goiog

t^^gaim

for H^icngtai.

dfx6Xiaxa)

and

dfx^koco,

to

miscarry, Plat. Theaet.

diOv,

Eurip. Andr. Thecet. 21: perf.

18;

356:

r'l^i^loaa,

Plat.

TJfxjSlcoxa,

perf.

pass.

ri^Slco^ai^ Arist.

Nub. 138: Nub. 140: 2 aor.

Arist.
in

r'l^SXcov, like eyvcov

from yiyvcoaxco^

Suidas.
icj,

i^ixfi^XsETai, pres. pass, implying a present active in

Hippocr.

d/xSkvvo) (dfi^lvs),

to blunt, fut.

dfi^XvvS, jEsch.
13,

Sept.

715:

perf.

pass.

riix^Xv^^ai, Athen.

Anthol. 5, 220: fut. mid. dfxSkvvovfiai as passive, Hippocr. d^eigcD and dixsgdo (^AMEPSl), to deprive,^ Pind. Pyth. 6, 27 ; Odys. 19, 18 aor. ri^egaa, Odys.
aor.
T^f.idlvv&rfv,
:

61:

8,

22, 58. For ocTtoalvvTaL, the accepted reading, Odys.

:

64

aor. pass, i^fxigd-r^v,

II.

17, 322,

Plato reads anofielgsTaL, Leg. 6, 19.

dfiTtdkXo), Poetic for

a[i7cs/a)

(d^(pi, l/o),

dvanaXXco^ see ndXXo* to wrap around, to clothe,

Soph. Col. 314: imperf. d^nuxov, dfX7t/ov, Odys. 6, 225: fut. dficps^o, Eurip. Cycl. 344: 2 aor. rf^maxov, Eurip. Ion, 1159. Mid. d^i7i;(0fjLaL and dixTttoi^^vsofiai, to put on, clothe one^s self, wear, Arist. Av. 1567. 1090: imperf. runteLApol. Xo^iriv, and dficps/ofiriv (?), Plat. Phaed. 82 324: 2 aor. rifXTtiaxo^riv and rj^Ttsa/ofxT^v, 1, Arist. Eccl. 540; Thesm. 165; Eurip. Med.

1149.
dfiTtLa/co
(df^icpi, to/o), another form of df^iniyco, Eurip. Hip. 193. Mid. dix7Zto;^oixat, Eurip. Hel. 422.

dfi7t?.axtaxco
err^

{AMHAAKn, AMBAAKil),
perf.
rjfXTtkdxrffjtai,

to

iEsch. Sup. 916: 2 aor. rjfiTtXaxov and rjixdkaxov, iEsch. Agam.

miss,

aixfi

89
;

1212;
part.

Find.

dfiTikaxcov,

Olym. 8, 89 Archil, frag. 30; and dnXaxcov without the [x,

Eurip. Ale. 241.

dixTtvvco, (dvd,

IINTJl), short v, to recover breath, aor. pass, djxEpic for dvaTtvio, II. 22, 222 nvvv&riv as active, II. 5, 697.
:

ccfinvvzo,

aor.

mid. 3 sing, as active, syncopated,

II.

11,359.
dfjiv^G) (fiv^G)), to

suck,

Xen. Anab.
to

4, 5,

27.
avert,
;

d^vvco

(^AMTNAOSl),
off, fut.

assist,

defend,

keep
rip.

d^vveco, dfxvva, Herod. 9,

:

60

Eu:

67 2 aor. rjfxvvad^ov in Attic Poetry, Arist. Nub. 1323; Soph. Col. 1015; Eurip. Andr. 1079.
Orest.
aor. rjfxvva,
3, 3,

523

Xen. Cyr.

Verbal dixwiio?, as active (Set d^vvsiv), Soph. Mid. dfivvofxai, to repel an enemy, Antig. 667. defend one's self, fut. dfxwovinai, Xen. Cyr. 5, 4,

21

aor.

^fxvvdi^ir^v,

Soph.

Tyn 277

aor.

9J;

livvad'oiiriv in Attic Poetry,

Eurip. Andr. 721

aor.

iEsch.
d^cpid^G),
thol. 7,

Eum.
76
:

438.
^fi(pLaaa,
6, 70.

later for du(ptivvvfit, perf. '^ficpiaxa,

An-

Athen.

d^(piyvoEco [d^cpt, vobg)), to doubt, imperf. ri^cpLyvo-

sov and riiicpeyvoEov, Xen. Anab. 2, 5, 33

;
:

Plat.
aor.

Soph. 46

aor. rj>i(pyv67iaa, Plat.

Soph. 30

Xen. Hel. 6, 5, 26. d^cpisvvv^t (d^(pi, 8vvvf.a), to put on another, to clothe, imperf. r(^cpikvvvv. Plat. Tim. 53 fut. d[x(pii(ji(D, dficpia, Odys. 5, 167; Arist. Eq. 89 1 aor. riiKpieaa, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 17. Mid. d^q}Lpass. part. diicpiyvoyid^Hs,
;

put on one's self, clothe one^s self, fut. diKpdao^ai, Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 20 perf. ^ficpieafjiai, Xen. Mem. 1, 6, 2: aor. mid. dp.(pLBadnriv Epic, Odys. 23, 142. duwivoio, for dp^cpiyvoico, Soph. Antig. 376.
ivvvi^u,

to

8*

90
diKpicSi^Tea
(dfi(pt^

a^(pi

j3aLvo

7),

to

dispute,

imperf.
;

^fKfLO^rJTSov

and
Plat.

ri^cpBoSrfceov,

Dem. 347

Plat.

Menex. 13 Dem. 818; Dem. 820

:

aor. ri^icpia6riTricia

and

T^ficpsa^iJTriaa,

Gorg. 70:

perf. -^fxfiaj^rlTr^xa^

aor. pass. r^[x(pLcipi^Ti]d^riv, Plat. Polit.

18
^

fut.

mid. di.i(pia^riT7jao^aL as passive, Plat.

The^t. 73.

dvayiyvadycco, see yiyvdayia,

dvacvofiat (d-, alvos), to refuse, strictly to say no, imperf. '^vaivofirfv, jEsch. Agam. 300: aor. ^v?^vdfxriv, dvjjvaixai,
II.

7,

185;

9,

510.

assume a theme ATSl, to say, the same as the Latin By annexing > to the root, AINJl, like itW from t/w, aio. nh'(o from TITJl' with ar- privative, ANAINJl, uv-aivo^ah after the analogy of ailoi from -, t/o>. The words alvog, Further, Hesychius has ai'vcov, (uvi(a come from AINJl. /SuQvioi'oyg, enairoiv ri, where the adverb ^aQVTovcog implies that the accent should be on the penult. We observe further, that alacc, fate,
is derived from ATJl, after the analogy of 56^(x from Soxem {AOKSI), and liari from aw -a or -ari, being used instead of the common -ate, -ola. Compare the It is often considered as Latin faium, from for, fari. but there is no analogy in a prolongation of ar- privative favor of this supposition.

We

dvaXi(jxa)
to

and dvaloco (dvd, 'AAIZKQ, 'AAO^) expend, Thuc. 7, 48 ; Xen. Hel. 6, 2, 13: im perf. dvTjhaxov and dvdkoov, Xen. Cyr. 1,2, 16
aor.
8, 45: fut. dva},(6a(o, Xen. Hel. 1, 5, 4 dvdXaaa and dvjjkcocfa, Thuc. 8, 31 Dem 1223 also 'ycaxrivdXcoaa from xaTavaXtaxco, Isoc
; ;
:

Thuc.

201 perf. dvdlcoxa and dvrjlaxa, Thuc. 2, 70 Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 15: perf. pass, dvdlco^ai and dvijkafiai, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 4 Xen. Hel. 2, 1, 11 also xaxrivdXconai from xajavaXiaxco, Isoc. 33 aor. pass. dvaXad-qv and drr^kcodi^v, Thuc. 3, 1 Dem. 1216. Verbal dvaXoTsos, Plat. Leg. 8, 12 dv8dvo (AJS2), to please, Ionic and Poetic, Soph imperf. rjvdavov and irfvdavov and Antig. 504
;
:

avia
idvSavov,
II. 1,

91
;

Odys. 3, 7, 172 ; 9, 5 Herod. 5, 39 perf. dSrixa very 2 perf. adda, rare, Eustath. ad Odys. 12, 281 Doric IWa, II. 9, 173; Theoc. 27, 22: 2 aor. k'aSov and ddov, Epic svadov, dda, ddstv, Herod. 1, 151; Find. Isth. 4,24; II. 14; 340. Mid.

24 ; Herod.

143

fut.

ddrjoo^

dvSdvofiat as active, Anthol. 10, 7. ccG^svog, 2 aor. part, syncopated {ad-fi(vog),

tive, pleased, loith pleasure,
aXfisvog,

as

an adjec-

Pind. Olym. 13, 104.

Compare
.

from aXXo^ai.
original

The

theme was FaJJI, hence

^ddofini, (Sadvg "^

*^A '^

{rjdvg)f yadsdav, yadf(6y yadslv, yddsa&aL, ydaaav, evocdsv (Rem. 25). Compare Latin suavis, suadeo (?), English sweet. Compare also yaiw, yavqog, yri&ia, Latin gaudeo, gaudium, English gay.

ANE0Q,
II.

perf.

trickle out, issue forth, Epic,

11, 266,
agrjQEV, fiifiasv, tstsvx(tov,

dvrjvo&a as present, to spring, Odys. 17, 270. dv^vo&sv is a new imperfect. Compare
and
enicpvicov,

from

ttqaQlaxo),

MASl,

Ttv/w,

and

qpt^w.

dviao,

dvictaifii, from dvir^fu, see ir^fit. {dvd, s%G>), to hold up, imperf. dvuxov, fut. dvsxo dvi^co, 2 aor. dvia^^ov, &lc,, as in l^a. Mid. dvkxoiiai, to endure, primarily to hold one^s self

up, imperf. 9jvft;^d^?^v, Thuc. 1, 77: and dva(Jx^ao^at, Xen. Hel. 4, 8, 4

fut.
;

dvs^o^iai

Arist.

299

aor.

rive6x6p.riv, rarely

drsa^ofirfv,

Ach. Xen.

Anab.. 1, 8, 26 ; Arist. Pac. 347 ; Herod. 5, 89. SI, dvi\vo&a, see dvid^co, to be vexed, to sorrow, equivalent to dvK^Sometimes it is fiat from dvido, II. 18, 300. equivalent to dvido), Odys. 19, 323. dvida (dvia), to vex, fut. dvidaco (a), Xen. Anab. 3, 3, 19 : aor. rivLdaa, Xen. Hel. 5, 33 aor. pass, dvidd^riv (d), as middle, Xen. Hel. 6, 4, 20. Mid. dvLdofiai, to be grieved, fut. dvtdaofiai,

ANEG

Xen. Anab.
4,3.

4, 8,

26

perf. r^va^fLai Ionic,

Mosch.

92
avoiya (dvd,
oiyco)^

avoi
to open, avscpyov and rjvot^^ov, Xen. Dem. 765 Anab. 5, 5, 20; Hel. 1, 1, 2; Epic and Ionic
:

sometimes dvoiyvvfit^

imperf.

dvayov,

ll.

14,

168:

fut. dvoi^cj, Arist.

Pac. 179:

aor. uvi(p^a and ijvoi^a, dvoi^co, Thuc. 2, 2, Xen. Hel. 1,5, 13 ; Epic and Ionic dvS^a and dvoi^a,

Theoc.
ai/6;^a,

15; Herod. 1, 68 Dem. 1048 perf. pass.

14,
:

;'

4 143:

perf.

dvs(ayy,aL,

Thuc.

2,

aor. pass.

dvs(6/d^riv, later T^votxO^riv^ dvoi-

^je^.

X&S, Eurip. Ion, 1563; N. T. Act. 12, 10: 2 perf. dvBcoya as present neuter, to stand open, Brunck's Analect. 2, 230 (376). Verbal dvoiXTSos, Eurip. Ion, 1387.
avaol/saxov, Imperf.
iterative, II. 24, 455.

dvogd'oco (dvd, 6g&6co), to set upright, imperf. pass. dvogd-coaa, rivcoQd^o6^r}v, Plat. Theaet. 2 : fut.
aor. i^vSg&coaa and dvSg&coaa, Dem. 1232 Dem. 140; Eurip. Ale. 1138: perf. pass, i^poygDem. 329. Verbal dvogd'OTeos, enad-cofiai,
:

vog&azsog, Plat. Leg.

dvxdco
TJvTsov for TJvTaov,
II.

7, 14.

and Ionic, imperf. 423 fut. dvTjjoo, II. 16, 423: aor. :^VTr^(ra, Herod. 1, 114; Pind. Olym. The compound avvavidah^s aor. mid. 10, 49. See also djiavxaa), cfvvrivTr^adfiT^v, II. 17, 134. avvavT/jxriv {avTi^Trjv), 2 aor. 3 dual, as if from ANTHMT,
(dvit), to meet, Poetic
7,
:

Odys. 16, 333.

dvTBLxd^co, to compare, see elxd^a,

to do a favor in reaor. subj. avxev21 turn, Xen. Anab. 5, 5, 494 perf. dvievnsTtohfxa, Dem. TtoLrjcfa), Dem. 476. . dvndo, another form of dvxdo, II. 6, 127; 13, 215 : aor. yvrtdaa, fut. dviidao (da), Odys. 22, 28 Mid. avTidoixat as active, imperf. 11. 12, 356.

dvrevTtoLsco (dvTi, sv, noieo),

dvTiaoiLriv,

II.

24, 62.

OLvoiy
vt-vxiofd, pres.

93

Epic, protracted from avxi^\avxiu(ii)^\\. 12,

: :

dvxiocaaxov,
dvTL^oXrjaco,

368 (future?); 3 plur. uvjioaiai for uvTiMai, H- 6, 127 inpart. fern. fin. avxidnv for avxiav {uvxidsLv), II. 13, 215 uvxioaaa for dvximaa. {dvxidovoa), Odys. 3, 436 (future?).
imperf. iterative, Apol. 2, 100.

dvTi^oXia (avTL^
pray^ imperf.

j^dkXco),

to meet,

supplicate,

beg,
:

r^vii^oXsov, Arist.

Eq. 667

fut.

272: aor. avxe^oXriaoL and iqvTs^oirfda, Pind. Oljm. 13, 43; Arist. frag. aor. pass. part. dvji^oXri&eis, Arist. Vesp. 101
Odys.
18,
:

dvxLxgda (dvri, X9^^)^ ^^ ^^ sufficient, equivalent to dnoxgdco, used only in the aor. dviixgriaoL, Herod.
7, 127. avTOfxac (dvrdo), to meet,

supplicate,
:

Soph. Col.
^vto^t^v,
II.

250

Arist.

Thesm. 977

imperf.
v, to

22, 203. ^ dvvo and dvvTco (dvco), short

accomplish, pe?'-

form,

Arist. Plut.
:

Antig. 231

fut.

aor. i'lvvaa (aa),

413 Xen. (Econ. 21, 3 ; Soph. dvvaa ^v), Arist. Ran. 649 Odys. 4, 357; Pind. Pyth. 12,
;
:

20

perf. rjvvxa, Plat. Polit.

perf. pass. ^Vv-

afiac,

Xen. Cyr.
:

1, 4,

28:

aor.

pass. TJvva&rjv,

Hes. Scut. 311 fut. mid. dvvaofiat (aa) as passive, Odys. 1 6, 373. Mid. dvvop,aL as active, Pind. Pyth. 2, 90 aor. rivvad^riv, Herod. 1, 91.

Epic for uvvom, II. 11, 365. livvfiBg, imperf. Doric, implying ANTMT, Theoc. 7, 10. avvxo and rjvvxo imperf. pass. 3 sing, implying ANTMI, Theoc. 2, 92 ; Odys. 5, 243.
dvvix), fut.

1 plur.

,aV (d), the original theme of dvvco, Arist. Yesp.

369
^

Plat. Cratyl.

189. dvcoya, to order, request, exhort. Poetic and Ionic,

fjvov,
3,
;

Odys.

496

68 (?) ; Herod.

II.

10,

251

imperf.

1,

II.

287; Herod. 7, 104: imperf. ^vo/ov and Tiv^y^ov, II. 9, 578 5, 805 fut. dvci^co, 7, 394 Odys. 16, 404: aor. ^V|a, Hes. Scut. 479:
4,
; ;
:

94
2 2
perf.

aTtav

avcoya

as

present, jEsch.

Eum. 902

yva/sLv as imperfect, Soph. Col. 1598. 2 perf. 1 plur. Poetic for avcayufisv, Horn. Hym. uvmyfxsv,
pluperf.

1, 528. ocv(ax&i, 2 perf imperat. 2 sing, uvax^i, II. 10, 67; Eurip. Ale. 1044; 3 sing, avmx^f^^ H- H, 189; 2 plur. avMx&h Odys. 22, 437; Eurip. Rhes. 987.

dnavgdo) (dno,

away, 131 aor. Mid. aor. dur^vgdfiriv^ jEsch. part, ajtovgas, Prom. 28 ; part. djtovgdfAsvos as passive, being deprived, Hes. Scut. 173.
to take

ATPAll ATP SI),

Poetic, imperf. ditrivgcDv as aorist,

II.

9,

iEsch. Prom. 28, am]VQO)

inavglayiofiai.

is

equivalent to inrivgov from

dmcacpiciTio

(A0S1, AIIA^Jl),
fut.

to deceive,

Poetic,

Odys. 11,217:
aor.
rJTiacpov,

dTtacpyjcfo,

Anthol. 12, 26:

rJTtdfi^aa rare, Horn.

dndcpo,

II.

14,

Hym. 1, 376: 2 aor. 360; Odys. 23, 79: 2

II.

aor.

mid. opt. ditacpoiiiriv as active,

9,

376.

ajtsLxd^ca, see elxd^co,

djtixL^av (sTCL^av), thef blew off or away, scattered about, a defective aor. 3 plur., Arist. Ach. 869 in

Boeotic speech.
Hesychius has xl^avisg,
eX&ovTsg, noQsv&Evjeg, implying
I'xw).

KIKJl (probably

the original form of

This being un-

derstood, aninL^av must proceed from the same root, although it has a causative signification, they made go off^ox away. Compare ^alvca, t^jjaa, causative.

ajts^O'dvofxai

and dnex^oiiai (dno, s/d^o), to be 910; II. 21, 83; Thuc. 1, Theoc. 7, 45 fut. mid. d7txO'rj(yoixaL as 1 36 perf. dnrj^d^rifxaL, Xen. passive, Eurip. Ale. 71 Anab. 7, 6, 35 2 aor. mid. dnr/x^ofzrfv as pasArist. Lys. 699. sive, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 25
hated, Arist. Plut.
;
:

Strictly speaking, anrjx&ofitjv

of the

aorist.

II.

3,

an imperfect with the force 454, amfix^ixo is evidently equivalent

is

to ifiiaelTO, not to (fiia^&ij.

dTtodidofjLt (dno, dido^i), to

give back or away,

fut.

aTtTCO
djtoBcocio, &LC. as

95

Mid. d7io8idoixai, to sell, dispose of, Xen. Anab. 7, 2, 3: fut. d7to8co(jo^at, Arist. Pac. 1259: 2 aor. See also niTtgdoxo. dTtsdofXTfv, Thuc. 1, 55.
in

the simple didofii.

dnosgaa, see sggo, djioxgLva (drto, xgivco),

to separate^ fut. dTtoxgtvdo,

&c. as

in the simple xgiva.

Mid.

dTtoxgivofxai^

duoxgLvov^ai, Arist. Nub. 1245: perf. dnoxixgi^ai actively or passively, Xen. Anab. 2, 1, 5; Plat. The^t. 108.
to anstver, fut.

ditolavco (dno,

AATSl),
Isoc. 3
;

to enjoy, imperf.
:

and duTikavov,
Cyr.
(?a,

fut.

ditekavov, dnoXavaoiiai, Xen.

later: aor.

7, 5,

81

also

dnoXavam
Arist. Plut.
1, 6,

and dTtrjlavda, Xavxa, Xen. Mem.

dnoXoyioiioLL
dTtokoyr^oofjiac,

236

perf.

dnkXavdnoXefut.

2.

{dnoXoyog), to make a defence^

Thuc.

5,

21:

perf. dTCoXeXoyrn.iat
;

actively or passively, JEsch. 52, 31

Plat.

Rep. 10,

aor.

dneXoyrfadiiYiv

and

dTtsXoyrjd'rfv,

Xen.

Verbal dnoXoyri13 ; Hel. 1, 4, 13. 7809, Plat. Apol. 2. dnovga?, dTtovgdfjisvos, see dTtavgda,
2, 2,

Cyr.

dTtoxgdoi (djto,

/paw),
;

Athen.
43.

7,

80

infin.

dTtoxgijaa, Arist.

Mid.

to be sufficient, Herod. 5, 31 dnoxgdv, Herod. 9, 94 fut. Plut. 484 dus^grioa, Herod. 7,

:
:

aTtoxgdofxai, part. dTto/gsdfisvos Ionic,

satisfied,

to be contented,

Herod. 1,37: imperf.

equivalent
to
dukxgtf^,

impersonally

dnexgeexo

Herod.
Ionic
nic,

8, 14.
suffices, it is
:

Impersonal duoxgri, it

dnoxgd, Herod.
g,
:

9,

79

infin.

enough; dnoxgdv Io-

Herod, Herod.

Plat. Phaedr.
681,

8,

137 imperf. dTti/gri, Ionic dnexgoL, 136; Herod. 1, QQ: fut. dnoxgri130 aor. avtixgr^os, Dem. 520.
:

UTiTG)

(A^Il)^

to fasten,

to

cause to take hold of;

also to kindle: fut. ai/y,

Xen. Anab.

1, 5,

16:

96

agao
I

aor. 7i\pa, .Esch. Eum. 307 ; Find. Isth. 3, 73 : perf. pass. ^fi[iai, Odys. 12, 51 : aor. pass.
rjcpd'T^v, Hippocr. de Art. 21 Herod. 1, 19. Mid. d7tTO(xai, to take hold of, touch, fut. dxpofxai, Soph. Col. 830 perf. i/^^at, Soph. Trach. 1009 aor. mid. ^ipd^jirfv, Thuc. 2, 48. Verbal aTtjiog, as middle (dec dnrsad-aL), Plat. Rep. 2, 16.
;
:

543;

sacp&t] or edcp&rj, was fastened, aor. pass. Epic, 11. 13, 14, 419; in both cases preceded by uanig, shield.
fut. dgrjaofiai Ionic,

dgdofxat, to pray,

Odys.
:

2,

135

perf. rjgdjAai, Bwqgdiiai,

fxTfv,

Dem. 275

aor. rigdctd-

Soph. Tyr. 251.

V^' ^^ys- 22, 322.
aor.
^p<?a,

aQtjfitvai, pres. infin. Epic, as if from APIIMI, like J^vai from

dgaglayico (^AP2), to Jit, adapt, join. Epic,

Odys. Odys. 21, 45: aor. pass. 2 perf. dgdga, as neuter TJg&r^v, II. 16, 211 present, to fit, Msch, Prom. 60 ; Ionic dgrfga, II. 13,800: 2 pluperf. dgrfgsiv, sometimes ?/p?f^fi/, II. 3, 338; 12, 56: 2 aor. figagov, dgdga, II. 4, 110; Odys. 5,252. Mid. perf. dgrjgsfxai, Apol. 1, 787: aor. part, dgadixsvos, Hes. Scut. 320 2 aor. opt. 3 plur. dgagolaTo as passive,
14,

23:

Apol.

1,

369.

aQTjQEv, imperf. transitive, from a new present agrjQca, Odys. 5, 248; compare avrjvo&ev, dsldis, fisfiasv, ifie^ri^ov, TSisv/srov, from ANEOSl, dla, MASl, ^f}xdofi(xi, revxco. Buttmann proposes agaaasv from dgdoaoj a poor emendation. nQoaaQ7]QBxai, subj^mid. Epic, Hes. Op. 429; implying a new present aQt^goj. Compare the preceding form. ocQiievog, 2 aor. mid. part, used adjectively, fitting, suitable, II. 18, 600; Find. Olym. 8, 96. II. 1(^ 214, and Odys. 4, 777, the 2 aor. rJQagov is used intransitively. The Latin substantive artus is derived from APJl.

perf. part. fern. Epic for aqtlgvioiy 11. 3, 331. For aQUQvlav,l^es. Theog. 608, Goettling edits agrigvlav.

(XQaQvta, 2

'

dgdo,

to water, irrigate land,

lead cattle to water,

2, 14.

Herod.

2, 13

aor. ^gaa,

Herod.

agoa
dgsaxo)

97
to please^
fut.

Mid.

agiaa. 1, 1, 26: Plat. Leg. 3, as active, Soph. Antig. 500. aor. pass, i^gsa^rfv

(JIPES2, APSl),
16
:

aor. r\gscia,

Xen. Hel.

dgs6xofjtai, to conciliate, adjust, fut. dgi-

aofjiai, jEsch. Sup. 665: aor. rigsadfirfv, Hes. Scut. 255. ^ dgtffjtivog (d) heavily laden, oppressed, a defective perf. pass. part. Epic, II. 18, 435. dgiajda (dgLOTov), to dine, regular. For the syncopated forms rigicja^Bv, Tigiajdvai, see Rem..
^

68.

dgL(JT07toieo^iat

(dgtdTov, notia)),

to

dine,
:

imperf..

Xen. Anab. 3, 3, 1 fut. dgiaTOperf. '^gtcfroTtsTioirifiai,. TtoL'qGOfxai, Thuc. 7, 49 Xen. Hel. 4, 5, 8 aor. iqgiaTOTioLriad^riv, Xen..
'^giaTOTioLovfirfv,
:

Hel. 6, 5, 20. dgxio, to assist, defend, suffice, ward off, fut. dgxiao. Soph. Antig. 547 : aor. rjgxsaa, Pind. Olym. 9,4; Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 1. For the comIt seems to be connected with agrj/oi, aXi^M.
mutation of X and q, see aXs^a. For the Latin arceo, usually connected with oiqxeo), see sQ/ut, to shut out.

agfxsvos, see dgagtaxcD,

dgfio^o or
17,

dg^ono,
:

to fit,

adjust,

aor. TJgfioaa,

II.

not Attic, Diogen. Laert. 8, 85. Mid. dg^o^o^ai transitive, to engage to wife, to he engaged to a woman, perf.
aor. pass, dgiiox^riv

210

'^gfioafiai,

Herod.

3,

137:

aor. ^^^wotfa^T^i/,

Heand.

'

rod. 5, 47.

dgvio^at, to deny,
rigvrid^riv,

regular:
3, 1
;

aor.

rigvricid^riv

Herod.
:

Dem. 850.
II.

dgvvfiai (aiga,

II. I 22, 160 : 2 aor.. rigo^riv, dgofitfv, II. 9, 124 ; 8, 121. dgoo, to plough, fut. dgoao, Brunck's Analect. 2,.

APfL),

to win, earn, acquire,

159

6,

446

imperf. dgvv^riv,

21 (56): aor. ijgooa, Soph. Tyr. 1497:

9

perf.

agjta
pass, dgrjgo^ai, Herod. 4,

97

aor. pass, rigod^riv,

Soph. Tyr. 1485.

ago^fievaif pres. infin. Epic, as if from APJlMT,Ties. Op. 22. Compare I'^fisvaL from et^/. w^owcrti', pres. Epic protracted after the analogy of verbs in aw, for agovaiVf Odys. 9, 108. The original form was perhaps aQoFm- Compare the

Latin ro, arvum.

agnd^G) (APUArSl), to seize, carry off violently, snatch, fut. dgndao, dgitdao^aiy Eurip. Ion, 1303 Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 5 ; also dgitd^co not Attic, II. 22, 310 : aor. rjgjtaaay not Attic ^gna^a, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 11; Find. Nem. 10, 125: perf. ijgTtayca,

14: perf. pass, tignaa^ai, later Phoen. 1079: aor. pass. T^gjida&Tfv, Xen. Hel. 6, 5^ 12; also rigTrdx^rfv not Attic, Herod. 2, 90 2 aor. rigndyriv later.
1,

Xen. Anab.

3,

'^gjia^fiat, Eurip.

aor. raid. part, as passive, as if from 'aPAnthol. 11, 59. It seems to be connected with tcaQnaXlfioog, xamta, 'ugnij, acpTj, ointto, (idgnxa, ^Quipm, Latin carpo, capio, rapio, rapax, English carp, rap {to seize) rape, Saxon hrepan, repan.

aQndfisvog, 2

nHMI,

dgvco and dgma {v), to draiv water, Plat. Phaedr. 73 : imperf. rjgvov, Hes. Scut. 301 : aor. rjgvcta, Apol. 3, 1015: aor. pass, i^gvd^tfv (v) and i^gvArist.

Verbal dgvarsos, Athen. 2, 4 Hippocr. Mid. dgvofxat and dgvxofiat, Eq. 921. transitive, to draw for one^s self, Arist. Nub. 272; rarely dgvaaofxat, Herod. 6, 119: fut. dgvao^ai, aor. rigvadfirfv, Eurip. Hip. 210; Anthol. 9, 230 Hes. Op. 548.
adrfv,

It

may

possibly

be etymologically connected with the

Latin haurio.
dgxci), to

command,
:

rule, fut. dg^co,

1,

Xen. Hel.

1, 4,

2: aor. ^p|a, Thuc. Thuc. 2, 8 fut. mid.

4:

aor.

pass, ijgz^riv,

ag^ofjiaL as passive,

Herod.

av8a
7,

99

159.

Verbal dgxrios. Soph. Tyr. 628.

!^|o^at,

Mid.
3, 6,

dg;(Ofjiai, to begin, fut.

:

Xen. Mem.

3 perf. '^gyfiat actively or passively, Plat. Hip. Min. 2; Leg. 6, 15 aor. mid. r^g^df^iriv, Thuc.
:

2, 47.

APSl,

see atgo), dgagiayca, dgeaxo). dadofiai (d(5ri)^ to he sated, loathe, feel sad, be grieved, Theoc. 25, 240: aor. ifajj&rfv, Herod.

3,41. aaa^svoq
d<i[Xvos,

{otfi),

part,

^olic

for

uoa^Bvog {aaaofievog).

Ale. 7 (Athen. 10, 35).

see drSdvo,

addo) or oItto (dtdoco), to rush impetuously. Soph.

Aj. 32*; Arist.

^

Nub. 996
to
;

fut.

a|, Eurip. Hec.

afflicted.

106

aor. ^|a,
{aiTf),

Soph. Elect.

71*1.

aTdofiai

be injured,

Poetic,

Soph. Aj. 269 part, dzcofjisvos, Soph. Antig. 17. dTso {artf), to be thoughtless, foolish, infatuated, desperate, Epic and Ionic, II. 20, 332 ; Herod. 7, 223. drifido) (drtfjiog), to dishonor. Poetic, Soph. Aj. 1129 aor. ^rtfirjaa, II. 1, 11. dtiG} (a-, TLO)), to disregard, Theogn. 621 ; short i. dzv^o (drrf), to terrify, confound. Poetic, aor. infin. aTv|at, Theoc. 1,56: aor. pass. part, djvx^us as middle, II. 6, 468. Mid. dTv^ofxat, to be struck tvith terror. Soph. Elec. 149; Pind. Pyth. 1,25. avaiva (avog,) to dry, fut. avai/e3. Soph. Elec. 819 aor. r/vriva, Herod. 4, 173: aor. pass, avdvdtfv or avdvdriv, i^avdvOtfv, enacpavdvOriv, Herod. 4, 151; Arist. Ran. 1089: fut. mid. avavoviiai. Soph. Phil. 954. avdda (avSrl), to speak, fut. av^aa. Soph. Tyr. 846: aor. r^vBriaa, Soph. Trach. 171: perf.
, :

r^vdrjxa, dnrivdrfxa,

Hippocr.

aor. pass. rivdrjOi^v,

100

at/|a

'

Mid. avSdofiai as active, Soph. Trach. 1106. Soph. Phil. 852 fut. avdrjoofxac, Find. Olym. 2, 166: aor. r^vda^dfxriv not Attic, Herod. 5, 51.
:

This verb is etymologically connected with the Latin On the other hand, atcu, although audio, its correlative. Cometymologically connected with aio, means to hear. pare (avEOfiui, vendOf veneo ; vai, vrj, vtj-f Latin ne, English
nai/,

av^dv(o or ai/|o

{ATFIl),
:

to increase, fut. av^yjacoy

Xen. Mem. 2, 7, 9 aor. riv^aa, Xen. Cyr. 8, perf. pass. 5, 23: perf. rfv^rfxa, Plat. Tim. 71 pass. ??i/|?/aor. tiv^ri^ai, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 18 6?/!/, Dem. 1403: fut. mid. av^TJaoixaL, reflexive, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 12. The Latin augeo is evidently a prolongation of the origi:
:

nal

theme ATIJl.
^

See

also |w.

ATPSI
avc?,
to

see anavgdco, iTtavgiaxofjiat.

shout,
11.

dvao (v), Eurip. imperat. dvaov (v), Ion, 1446: aor. rjvaa (v), The diphSoph. Trach. 565 ; Theoc. 23, 44.
11,

461:

fut.

thong av
perfect.

is

not resolved in the present and imivavco, to kindle^

avco

commonly
2, 2,

Odys.

5,

49

Xen.
:

Mem.
aor.

12

imperf. svavov, Herod. 7, 331

"

ivavdaadai, Plat. Axioch. 20. dtpdo) and dcpdaaa (anTcoi), to handle, feel, II. 6, 322 ; Herod. 3, 69 fut. dcpijGco, Hippocr. : aor. 7Jq)7faa 2ind 7Jq)a6a, Schol. ad Soph. Col. 1375; Mid. d^dofiai transitive, Odys. Herod. 3, 69. aor. i^(priadfiriv, Anthol. 5, 222. 8, 215
mid.
infin.
:

dcpevo, see sva.

acpkavxaL, see
ov,
d(pLrffiL

dcptrffjii,

d(puG) (dno, tea), the

same

as dcpiri^a, imperf.

r^cpi-

Thuc.

2, 49.
Lffixt),

(dno, Xen. Hel.

to let go, dismiss, imperf. ^(pitfv,

:

4, 6, 11

fut. dcprjaco, aor.

dfijxa only


am
in

101

'

Epic dtpsr^xa, II. ; Xen. Anab. 2, 3, 13 aor. pass. perf. pass, dcpst^at. Soph. An tig. 1165 dcpstd'i^v and d^ed't^v, dcped-^^ Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 23 Mem. 4, 4, 4 ; Horn. Batr. 87 fut. pass. dcps&rjaoixat, Xen. Ven. 7, 11:2 aor. dfp^v, d(pS, dcpsiriv, d(pes, dcpalvai^ d(pis, Thuc. 5, 81.
the indicative,
12,

Dem. 993

221

perf.

dcpstxa,

Verbal dfsriog, PL Phaedr. 92.

dfsifiriv, dcpeabat, d(pfisvos,

Mid.

dcpls^iaiy
:

to let go, fut. dq)T]ao^ai, Eurip. Aul.

2 aor. Soph. Tyr. 1521 ; The

310

Xen. Hier.
^

7, 11.

The
found.
r)(pirjv,

singular of the

aor. indie. aq)ijv is not used.

plural of the 1 aor.

aq)rjxa,

except 3 piur.
72,
Yrjfit,.

See

also

Rem.
ricplovv

a(pr]xav, is rarely

rjcpUiv,

imperf. for

or rather
-srj,

from

acputo,

Plat.

acpibUy -drjg,

aor. subj.

Epic

for aijpw,

Euthyd. 51. II. 16, 590.

9, 5.

oiq)s(avTai, perf. pass.

plur. for dcpeivTui,

N. T. Matt.

dcpva (v), and dcpvaaa^ to pour out as liquids, to draw, accumulate, Odys. 14, 95; 9, 9: fut.
dcpv^co,
*

2, 7,

379.

Mid.
;

II.

1,

171:
aor.

aor.

rjcpvaa,

Odys.

9,

rj(pvad(xriv as active,

165; Odys.

286

9, 85.
dTtoLcpiaytcD,

A^fl,
Epic,

see
II.

dx^vov and d^scov

5,

(A XII),
9,

part,
2,

869;

612;

being grieved, 694. See also

dxa/i^o, d^vvfiai and axofiai {AXSl), to grieve one^s

sorrow, he sad,
^

self,

II.

6,

perf. dxvvfitfv,

II.

14,

524; Odys. 19, 129: im38. See also dxaxc^a.

axdo[jLai, to be indignant, displeased, fut. d^Osoofiai, Arist. Nub. 865 : aor. rfxdi(}drfv, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2,
'

fut.

pass. d^OsadTJaofiat equivalent to d/diao8, 4, 10.

fiat,

Xen. Cyr.

AXSl,
818:

see dxaxl^a, d/icoy.

fut. dacj,
II.

do, to sate, satiate, satisfy, Epic,

aor.
atfa,

11,
5,

dao),

II.

18,

281;

9*

9,

489;

102
289.

am

sing.

fut. aao^ai, II. 24, 717; 3 pers. adiaL protracted from axai (aaeraL, asTai), aor. dadixr^v (d), II. 19, 307. Hes. Scut. 101
:

Mid.

Compare AJESl.
a^fvai, pres. infin. Epic, as if from rmi, like laiafifvott from LGiijfii, as middle, II. 21, 70; showing that the root
is -.

The
axog,
II.

verbal adjective would

aonog, insatiable,
5, 388.

privative,

be aiog, satiable; with Hes. Theog. 714 contracted

;

ao,

to blow,

607.

See

Odys.
also

5,

478

imperf. aov, Apol.

and

1,

otT/^t.
ar^g,

The derivatives avtjg, for the original form was pw.

oiogTo, see asigo.

ocvga breeze,

show

that

/3a?, /o speaA:, i//^er,

II.

Agam. 498:
^aivo (^do,

perf. pass,

^i^riiit)

58 : fut. /3a|o, iEsch. ^s^ayiiai, Odys. 8, 408. to go, walk, fut. j^jjaofAai,
9,

Doric ^aaevfiai, Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 13 ; Theoc. 2, 8: pevL fie^ffxa, Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 19: 2 aor. I'^T^i/, /3(5, ^airiv, pijOt, ^ijvaL, ^ds, Xen. Cyr. 2 perf. )3f/3aa, jSf/3, /36^at)/j/, ^s^dvai, 7, 1, 3
:

^detv,

2 pluperf. l/3fand 1^3?^(yo^?/v as active Epic, II. 2, 48; Odys. 13, 75. Verbal ^axkos in composition, Xen. Anab. 2, 4, Pass, ^alvo^ai chiefly in 6 ; Arist. Lys. 884. composition, Herod. 1, 192; Xen. Eq. 1, 1 perf. ^i^aiAUL and ^i^adfiat, Xen. Mag. Eq. 1, 4; Dem. 214; Thuc. 8, 98: aor. pass. i^dOrfv. Xen. Eq. 3, 4; Thuc. 3, 67; 4, 30.
/Sf^c)?,
:
:

Pspads, and

Rem.

^ 68

Rem. 68

aor. mid. i^riadfjirfv

Sometimes
t/Srjaa,

^aivia has a causative signification, to cause to

it

go, in which case

has

fut.

/?7jaw,

Eurip. Taur. 743

6, 40.

aor.

Herod.

16, 475.

The usual Attic causative

1,

46; Find. Olym.

See

also Odys.

is /5t/5Cw.


PaU
l^dTrjv (),

103
^^rtjv, II. 1,

327; 3 Epic ^sca and II. 6, 113; 9, 501 l3el(o and ^^<a, for Doric ^a^eg 1 plur. ^sioixsv (for ^mfisv, /Sw/uey), II. 10, 97 imperat. 2 sing, ^a only in comfor ^w^Bv, Theoc. 15, 22 position, as xaia'/Sa for xatd^ri^i, Arist. Ran. 35; 2 plur. (Sais for /?^ze, in an iambic trimeter, JEsch. Sup. 191. See ^Tjaso, aor. mid. imperat. 2 sing. Epic, II. 5, 109. Rem. ^54. ^iofiUL or ^slo(j,ai, 2 aor. mid. subj. as future, Epic, for /Jw^at, sAaZ/ live, II. 15, 194; 16, 852; 22, 431. Others derive it from an obsolete verb BEJl or BEIJly fut. lSsao(j.ai, by dropping a, (Siofxai, and ^Blofiai. Hes. Theog. 750, xaxa^rjasxai is a real future, on which Goettling remarks; " Sapienter poeta futuro nunc Non usus est quando hcBc intus itura est, ilia prorumpit. opus est igitur conjectura Guieti xaiadvsiai. De futuro The same aorist vide Herm. de emend, rat. p. 197." remark applies also to dvaofzsvog, Odys. 1, 24, and Hes. Op.
aor. plur.

^daav

for s^rjaav,

3 dual, Epic for II. 12,469: (5w, Herod. 7, 50;

:

subj.

382.

The
Thuc.

original
5, 77,

theme

in the

/?w occurs in the part. ijc/SavTag, Doric treaty; nQo^uvisg, Bekker's

Anecdot.

The theme /Sda is etymologically connected with the Latin vado, English wade.

^dXXo

{BAAn, BAASl, BAHMI),

II.

to

throw,

cast, hit, fut. ^aXia), ^aXco,

Poetry,

222:

perf.

and paXXij(ya) in Attic 8, 403 ; Thuc. 2, 99 ; Arist. Vesp. pil^krfxa, Xen. Cyr. 4, 6, 4: perf.
:

&riv, Xen. Cyr. rip. Orest. 271 27 ; also Epic,

49 aor. pass. i^Xtj3 fut. ^s^Xrjaofxai, Eu8, 3, 2 aor. e^aXov, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, s^Xriv, to meet, encounter, Odys. Verbal ^Xrixeos, Plat. Rep. 15 ; II. 21, 578. 21, Phil. 147. Mid. ^dUofiai transitively, 3, 2; to put, cast in one^s mind, II. 9, 435: 2 aor. ifiaXofxriv, Herod. 1, 84; also Epic /3A?^'^?/i/ as passive, II. 11, 675 ; but the compound ^vvs^Xtjfxtfv is transitive, II. 14, 39 ; see also Rem. ^ 72:
pass, ^i^krifiat, Eurip. Taur.

28

fut.

^vix^krjoofjLai

with the meaning of ^vvs^Xij'

in fin.

[xrfv, II. 2,

335.
Ionic for vnsg^dkXHv,

^aXXisiVi vnegfiaXXieiv,


104

j^OtTfT

Herod.' 3, 23. /SaXXsofxsvog, Ionic for ^vftPaXXofisvog, Herod.

pass.

1,

^vfi/SaXXeofisvog, part. 68. /55'/?;iijat, perf.

284; 3 plur. ^s^Xriaxat for ^i^Xijvtm, H- 11,657. ^s/iX^a&s or ^i^Xjia^t, dia^B^Xfiad^E, perf. pass, optat. 2 plur., Andoc. 88. /JaXolriv, dLa^aXoiTjv, fut. opt. Plat. Epist. 7, p. 339 (Steph.).
sing.
for ^E^Xrjaai, II. 5,

Epic

^djiTG)

(BA0S2),
:

io

dip,

tinge, dye, aor.

l'/3ai//a,

Soph. Aj. 95 perf. pass, ^ipafifiai, Arist. Pac. 1176: aor. pass, i^dcpd^riv rare, Arist. frag. 366: 2 aor. pass, ipdcprfv. Plat. Rep. 4, 7. Mid. /3aniofxai, fut. ^dxpofiuL, Arist. Lys. 51 : aor. l/3axpdfjiriv, Anthol. 9, 326.

BJiPESl,
perf.

the

same

as

pagvvo,

fut.

^agrjaco later,
17,

pass.
part,

part, ^e^agrifxivos,

Theoc.

61:

perf.

^s^agr^m Epic, equivalent

to j8-

^agrifxivos, Odys. 3, 139. ^agvd^co (v), to feel heavy, oppressed, II. 16, 519. ^agvvco (jSagvs), to load, render heavy, distress, Xen. Cyr. 5, 5, 25 aor. pass, i^agvv&r^v, jEsch. Agam. 1463. Mid. pagvvofiai, to feel heavy, oppressed, Arist. Ach. 220. PdaxcD {^dco), equivalent to jSatvco, II. 2, 8 imperf. s^aaxov, II. 11, 104. II. 2, 234, siti^aaxk-

fisv, infin. Epic, causative in sense. j^adTdto, to carry, support, fut. ^aaxdaca, jEsch.

Prom.
Arist.

1019:
:

aor.

i^daxaaa,

later

i^dcxa^a,
3,

Thesm. 439; Brunck's Analect.

aor. pass, e^aaxdxdifiv later.

182

(162)
j3aG),

see /3aiVo.

^8ico, to emit

aor. s^dsaa, Anthol. 1,

a nauseous smell, 242.

Arist. Plut.

693

PsjSgw&o), see Pi^gacfxco, fiiofiai, ^stofjiat, see ^aiva,

^id'Cco (^iu),

to force, press, compel, little used in the active, Odys. 12, 297: perf. pass. /3f jStatf^at, Xen. Hel. 5, 2, 23 aor. pass, i^idad^riv always
:

passively,

Xen. Mem.

1, 2,

10.

Pass, j^tajo^at,

Pioo
2, 26: impevL i^ta^ofiriv Verbal ^laaxios, Eurip. Rhes. 584.

105

Xen. Conv.
^ofxai
fxai,

Mid. /3mPlut.

II.

15, 727.

transitive,

to force, press^
i^iaadijir^v,

compel, Pidao-

^e^iaa^ai,
;

Arist.

1092;
Ionic,

Dem. 405 Thuc. 1, 75. BIASl, another form of pid^co, Epic and
perf.

/3f^t7/xa,
1,

II.

10,

145.

Pass,

^tdofiai,

Herod.

19

aor. pass. il^LTJ&rfv, 7, 83.

^ido(iaL, Herod. 3,

80:

fut. ^irjoofxaL,

Mid. Odys. 21,

348:
^9?v,

perf. ^f/3t?/^ai,
II.

Apol.

3,

1249:

aor. ipctfad-

11, 558.

Pi^dod'ov, part. Epic for ^ijidaxav, used in the formula fiaxgd fii^dad'cov, II. 13, 809. Pi^daxo 0daxco), equivalent to pdcfxo, Hom. Hym. 1, 133. Pi^dco (j3ac}), equivalent to ^atvo, Epic, Hom. Hym. 2, 225 ; part, ^i^av, Find. Olym. 14, 24. pt^fffxi 0i^do), equivalent to Paivo, only in the part. Pipds, II. 7, 217. The 2 aor. s^riv regularly proceeds from this form, like hajriv from

pi^gSaxo (B0PS2,
present
:

BPOSl\
:

to eat,
:

rare in the

aor. part. Tcara^gaaofiac later perf. ^s^gcoxa, Xen. figa^aaai, Apol. 2, 271 Hier. 1, 24 perf. pass. Ps^gofxai, ^sch. Agam. 1097: aor. pass, k^gctd^v, Herod. 3, 16: 3 fut.
fut.
:

fiPg6ao(iai, Odys. 2, 203 : -mas, Poetic, Soph. Antig.

2
1

perf. part.

^^gm,
s^gov
present

022

aor.

Epic,

Hom. Hym.

1,

127.
4,

^^Q(6&oig, devour,

II.

35,

implies a

new

The Latin voro, vorax, devoro, English de-vour, are connected with the theme BO PH.
Ploo, to
rare,
live,

Eurip. Archil, frag.

^laaofiai,
rare,

10
4,

fut.

Ptcodo)

commonly
i^Loaa

Xen. Mem. 1,7,2:

18
:

aor.

Xen. (Econ.

perf. jSf-

106
^tcoxa,

^loa

Xen. Mem.

4,

8,

perf. pass.

3
:

sing.

^ej^Loiai, life has been spent^ Xen. Apol. 5 2 aor. ijiiav, ^La, ^lcotiv, ^la&i, ^lavaij fiiovs only in Verbal ^tcothe nom. masc. sing. Thuc. 5, 26. Mid. ^Loofxai, to support Tsos, Plat. Gorg. 104. one^s self get one^s living, Herod. 2, 177.

Horn. Hym. fut. for ^iwaofiai,, Apol. 1, 685. 528, ^lofisa&a, 1 plur. implying ^lofiai. Wolf writes ^sojitEada from ^sofiai, which see. Etymologically connected with the Latin vivOy vita.
fffaao^ai,
1,

^t^axofxai (^loo), ava^ icyoxo^ai, transitive, to restore to life, animate, vivify, Plat. Crito, 9 : aor.
i^iaadfXTfv,
dve^Koddfjiriv,

Odys.

8,

468

Plat.

Ph^do, 87.
It is used also intransitively, to revive, be brougJit to life again, Plat. Phaedo, 46 in which acceptation it has 2 aor.
;

oivf^lbjv, Plat.

Rep. 10,

12.

^Xdnxco

{BAABSl),
2,

to hurt, injure,

fut.

^kdipo)^

Thuc.

e^kayja, Eurip. Med. 294 perf. piftXaq)a, Bern. 398 perf. pass. ^f/3Aa^^ae, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 30 : aor. pass. ipXd(p&Tiv, Thuc. 4, 73 : 3 fut. ^e^Xdxpo^ai, Hippocr. 2 aor. pass. i^kd^riv, Xen. Hel. 6, 5, 48 : fut. mid. ^kdipo-

41

aor.

Thuc. 1, 81. The form ^Xd^o^ai directly formed from the theme BAABJl is found, II. 19, 82. ^lactTdvo {BAA2T1), rarely ^laaxeco, Bion, 6, 17; Soph. frag. 239: fut. /5Aa(yT7^'(;o, Herod. 3, 62: aor. 1/3 AatfT??<ya not Attic, Apol. 3, 920; 1, 1131 perf. ^s^ldaxrixa and i^ldtyzr^xa, Thuc. Eurip. Aul. 595 2 aor. e^Xaaxov, Arist. 3, 36 Av. 696; Pind. Nem. 8, 12. BAASl, see ^dllo. ^Irixdoiicki, to bleat, Arist, Plut. 293; Theoc. 16,
fxai as passive,
:

92

pXiTTo,

ijiXrfxV^^M^y Anthol. 7, 657. take the honey from the combs, Arist. Eq. 794: aor. s^hau, Arist. Av. 498.
:

aor.
to

^ovX

107

This verb may be derived from fis'Xi, honey^ after the analogy of /JAwaxw from MOJSL, and ^Xu^ from ^uXaaog.
^kv^o), later

Epic ^Ivco,
;

to

bubble up,

II.

9,

492

Apol.
fikaaxco

3,

223

4,

1238.

to go, come, Odys. 16, 466 Soph. Col. 1742: perf. fxifx^Xcoxa Eurip. Rhes. 629 2 aor. e^oXov, Soph. Elect 506. The perfect fii^^ktana is formed by metathesis and epenthc' thus MOAfL, [isfioX-ita, fisfiX-biTcUi fj^f'fx^Xaxa sis from MOAJl
fut. fioXovfiai,
:
*

{MOAH),

after the

analogy of verbs in -ow.

fiifi^Xixai,
fiEfi/SXsa&s,

For the insertion of

from ^sXa
'

/?,

compare
Xloa(a,

fiifji/SXEto,

also

/5Aai, from fiiXu, (laXaxog. probably suggested by the perfect.

The

present ^Xwaxa was

fiodci)

{BOH),

to call aloud, fut. porjaco

;

Doric /3oa-

^sch. Pers. 637 commonly ^orjao^ai, Thuc. 7,48: 2iOr. ij^or^aa, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 48: perf.
do,
pass. ^s^oriixaL, Plat. Epist. 2, 312, 9.

The Epic and

378 39
: :

Ionic writers have

II.

fut.

^ojaofiai,

aor. e/Swaa,
aor. pass.

12,

337

perf. pass, ^i^afim,

6,

i/Scoa&rjv,

Herod.

131

Odys. 1, Herod. 3, formed by con-

traction.
It
is

an onomatopy, connected, or rather the same, with

the Latin hoo.

^oXead^s, see Povkofiai,

BOAEH
II.

(pdUG), pokos), equivalent to /SaAAo,

perf. pass, ^s^okrfixai. pluperf. pass. ijSsfiokjjfxriv, 9, 9. 3.

BOPSl,
Podxeo

see ^i^waxo).
to

(BOS2),

Arist. Eccl. 699.

self, eat,

Mid.

feed, pasture,

fut.

fiodxafiai, to
:

^oax^do, feed one's

Arist.

graze, Herod. 9, 93
5,

fut.

PoaxTJaofzai,

Theoc.
1359.
It

103.

Verbal ^oaxmios,

Av.

seems

to

be connected with
'

nAU,

to feed,

whence

natsofAai,

vescor.

naaaa&m also with the Latin pasco, pabulum^ From BOSL comes the adjective /Jotoj, /5otoV.

Povko[xat (B0AJ2,), to will, wish, 2 sing, always

;: ;

108

pad
5
Hel.

fiovXsi, imperf. i^ovkofXTiv

and ri^ovXo^yiv^ Xen. 29 fut. ^ovkrjaofiai, Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 25 perf. ^B^ovXri^ai, Dem. 226 aor. pass. i^ovlrjOi^v and i^^ovXrjd-rfv, Thuc. 1, 34 ; Xen. Hel. 4, 4, 8 2 perf. ngo^efiovXa as
Cyr.
6, 1,
:

1,

1,

present, Epic, to prefer,

(SoXsaS^s, pres.
wollen.

II.

1,

113.
Odys. 16, 387.
will,

plur. for (SovXsa^s,

volo,

Connected with the Latin

English

German

BO SI,

BPAXSl,

see podco. to resound, ring, 2 aor. e^ga^s,

II.

4,

420; 12,396.

Mid. Pgifio, to roar, II. 4, 425 : imperf. s^gsfiov. as active, II. 2, 210; iEsch. Sup. 350; PgifjLOfiat
Find.

Nem.

11, 7.

PgsvMofiai
362.

{if), to

walk consequentially,

Arist.

Nub.

PgsxG), to wet, aor. s^gs^a, Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 12 perf. pass. ^i^gsyiAai, Find. Olym. 6, 92 : aor.
pass, i^gsx^rfv, Xen. Anab. 1, 4, 17 : 2 aor. pass. i^gd/riv rare, Anacr. 3, 26 : fut. mid, ^gi^ofxat, xuTa^ gs^oixai, as passive, Hippocr. Pgld'o (i), to be heavy, fut. ^giao), Horn. Hym. 5, 456: aor. s^glaa, II. 12, 346: 2 perf. ^k^gld^a as present, Eurip. Elec. 505.

Sometimes
31
;

it is

transitive, to
:

weigh down, Find.

II.

Nem.

8,

iEsch. Pers. 346

Pass. ^Qiaoiiai,

8, 307.

^^

BPOXSl,

to swallow up, gulp, aor. s^go^a, dvePgo^a, xari^gola, Anthol. 9, 1 ; Odys. 4, 222 2 aor. pass. part. ai/a^^o;^fV, Odys. 11, 12, 240 686. The noun ^qox&oq, gullet, swallow, seems to be connected
:
:

with this theme

neck.

also ^Qoxog, noose, slip-knot, that

is,

for the

BPOSl,
Pgvdto,

see Pi^gSaxco.
to teem, exult, revel, shout,

Athen. 11, 13

yafiB

09

jEsch. Sup. 878:

aor.

fut. ^gvdaoiiai^'m Hesychius: i^gva^a, Arist. Eq. 602.

^gvxo and
Arist.

j3pi//, to

gnash
:

the teeth, bite, devour,

Av. 26; Soph. Phil. 745: aor. e^gv^a, Brunck's Analect. 1, 245 aor. pass. ^gvxOeis (?),
Anthol. 9, 267. For t^Qv^a, Brunck's Analect.
i^ga^a from /?t/?^waxw, 7, 506.
1,

245, the Anthologia has

Pgv/do[A,ai

(BPTXSl),

to roar, perf.

l3s(Sgvxa as

present, Soph. Trach.

Plat. Phaedo, 154: 2 Tyr. 1265.
It is

1072:

aor.

ipgv^^r^ctdfir^v,

aor. pass,

^gv^v^sig, Soph.

an onomatopy, connected with the Latin rugio.

to

^gv^o,
Pgvo)

gnash

the teeth, see

Pgvxo,

shoot ov sprout up, teem, abound in, II.. 17,56; Soph. Col. 16. ^vvico and ^ifici) (BTIl), to stop up, fill, caulk, Arist.
(if), to

Pac. 645
pass,

Herod.
:

4,

71

fut.

(ivao)

{if),
:

Arist.
perf.

Vesp. 250

aor. s^ifaa, Arist.

Vesp. 128

pi^vafxai, Arist. Ach. 463. fivvofiat, Herod. 2, 96.

Pass, also

^cid^eo contracted from

^oriMo,

Ionic, regular.

yaiov, rejoicing. Epic, II. 1, 405. ya^io (FA MSI), to marry, said of the man, fut., (yafxiao), yaixico, ya^xS, II. 9, 388 ; Soph. Antig. 750 ; later ya^riao, Anthol. 1 1, 306 aor. eyri^a, later iydfir^aa, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 8 ; Anthol. 11, 79: perf. ysydfir^yca, Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 4: perf..
:

pass. ysydarifiaL,

Xen. Anab.

4, 5,

24:

aor. pass.

iyapj&Tjv later, Athen. 13, 37 ; part. fem. yafzed'SLOa, Theoc. 8, 91. Mid. ya^io^ai, to marry,.

Latin nubo, said of the

Arist.

woman,

fut.

yaiiov^ai,
2, 128;;

Thesm. 900
10

aor. iyr^fid^r^v,

Odys.

116

yava
to

Herod. 4, 117. But fut. ya^kdao^ai Epic, vide a loife for, II. 9, 394.

pro-

yavdco (yata, ydpog), to be bright, Epic, part. yavoovre?, yavocoaai, protracted from yavavies, yav^aai, II. 13, 265; 19, 359. FANOSl {yaiov, ydvos), to delight, perf. mid. ysydvcofiat, Vht, Rep. 3, 18: aor. pass, iyava&rfv as middle, Arist, Ach. 7. ydvv^ai (yacco, ydvos), to rejoice, be delighted, 11. perf. 13, 493: fut. yavvaoiiai {aa), II. 14, 5Q4 ysydvvjxac, Anacr. 8, 3. FAil, see yLyvo^ac, rJOTIIES2, see dovTtsco. ysydxsLV, see yiyvo[jLaL, ysydoiiai, see ylyvoiiai. yeyovtoxco and ysyoveco and ysySvo (FJ2NS2), to shout aloud, call, proclaim, Thuc. 7, 76 ; iEsch. Prom. 627; Find. Pyth. 9, 3 ; II. 12, 337; Xen. Ven. 6, 24 imperf. iysySveov and iyiyovov as fut. aorist, Odys. 17, 161 ; II. 23, 425 ; 14, 469 696 aor. eysyavriaa, ysycovrjao), Eurip. Ion, jEsch. Prom. 990 2 perf. ysycova as present, ysyava, yiyovs, ysycovifxsv, ysyava?, Soph. Col. 213 ; iEsch. Prom. 193 ; II. 8, 223. 227. Verbal ysyavr^TSOS, Pind. Olym. 9, 10.
: : : : :

It is clear that yEyavlaxG), ysycavem, and ysycovoo, are new presents formed from the 2 perf. yayoava from the theme rsi-

NIl.

ysivoixai

(FENSl),
II.

to be born,

iysivofiriv,

22,

477

aor.

to beget,

give birth
4, 7.

to.

II. 23, 79 imperf. syuvd^riv transitive, Soph. Elec. 261 ; Xen.

:

Mem". The
only.

1,

Odys. 20, 202, the

to

present and

imperfect are used by the Epic Poets

pres.

sing,

yelvsai

is

transitive,

to beget.

yeXdo,

laugh,

fut.

ysXdao^ai

(a),

later yeXdaco,

yriga
Arist.

111

{ca), Doric

101

Pac. 600; Anthol. 5, 179: aor. iykXaaoL syeXa^a, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 6 ; II. 15, aor. pass. iyekdadTiv, Xen. Theoc. 20, 1
:

Mem.

3, 7, 7.

yEXoco, Epic protracted from ysXia, Odys. 21, 105; part. ysXoioov, ysXotovTsg SiTid ^s/ttooyTs?, Odys. 18,40, 111. imperf. 3 plur. Epic protracted from iyiXav, Odys. 20, 347 written also ysXolcav from ysXoido). It seems to be connected with the English glee^ glad, laugh. For the omission of a palatal {x, y, %, h) before /,

compare
(?)
;

xAtVw,

lean

x^ouva, Latin Icena

yXi;(o^tti, to like

(SXeno)

(Romaic yXsna),

look (?).

yeXoidco, another form of ysXda, Epic, part.

eovreg
:

/sXolthe regular yeXoiSvisg), Odys. 20, 390 imperf. yeXoiav, Odys. 20, 347 : aor. part. 'yeXoiyjaaaa^ Hom. Hym. 3, 49. the rest is wantyeiico^ to he full, imperf. eys^ov
(for

ysvio, see algico, and yiyvofxai, rEN2, see yelvo^ai^ yiyvoiiai.

ysvo, to cause to taste, Plat. Leg. 1, 7 fut. ysvao), VerAthen. 9, 68 aor. eysvaa, Herod. 7, 46.
:

bal ysvaTsog, Plat.

to
taste,

Rep.

7, 16.

Mid.

yevofiai,
Plat.
3, 1,

ysvaofiat,

yiysvfxai,
;

iysvadfiriv,

Rep. 9, 13; Eurip. Hip. 663 3; II. 21, 61.

ysvfis&a, pres. (perf
51.
?)

Xen. Anab.

1 plur. for ysvofis&a,

Theoc. 14,

Etymologically connected with the Latin gusto,

yrfd^ia)

2 yiyrj&a, Doric ysydO^a, as present, Soph. 1021 ; Pind. Nem. 3, 56.

&^aco,
:

(rHOJl), II. 8, 378

to

rejoice,

II.

14,
II.

140:
4,

fut.
:

yfj-

aor.

iypr^aa,

255

perf.

Phil.

It connected with 'aJJI (the theme of avddvw), yalav, yavQog, Latin gaudeo, gaudium, English gay. See Rem.

jnjgdaxa and pigda, to grow old, Xen. CEcon.

1,

112

^riQV
:

22; Theoc. 23, 29

3,

fut.

yrfgdaco (d), Plat.

Rep.
Soph.

also yyigdao^o^i^ Arist.

Eq. 1308:

aor. iyri-

gdcta,

Xen. Mem.

3, 12,

8:

perf. ysyqgayia^

Col. 727: 2 aor. i}^7Jgdv, yrigdvaL, yrigds^ 11. 17, Mid. yrigdayceTai as 197; see also Rem. 72.

active,

Hes.

frag. 106.

^sch. Sup. 894, iyriQaoav seems to be causative, maintained even to old age.
yrigvG) {v), to
later yrigv(o

speak out, P^oetic, Pind. Olym. 1,5; aor. iyTjgifaa, (v), Anthol. 7, 201
:

Arist. Pac.
tive,

805

aor. pass. iyr^gvB^rfv (v) as

tive,

-^sch. Sup. 460. JEsch. Prom. 78

Mid.
fut.

ac-

yr^gvoixat as ac-

yrfgyaofzac, Eurip.

Hip. 214: aor.

short
V.

iyr^gvadixi^v, Eurip. Elec.

1327.

Hes. Op. 258, and Horn.

Hym.

2,

426, yrigvo^aL has

yiyvoiioii

{FENSI, FAQ),
:

also yivo^ai (r), to he

fut.

produced, be horn,
fiat,

to he, to become,

iEsch. Prom. 1003:

aor. pass, iysvrjd^r^v

ysv^aonot

Attic, Anthol. Epigr.

Hel. 2, 3,
fiTfv,

28 Xen. Anab.
;

247 perf. yyivt]fxat, Xen. 2 aor. iysvoPind. Olym. 6, 98

:

4, 1, 1

perf.

also

/f/^a, Arist. Plut. 346.

See

ysyova, Poetic
also

Rem.

ov sysvTo, 2 aor. mid. syncopated for syevsTo, Pind. Pyth. 3, 154; Hes. Theog. 199; not to be confounded with yeydjcsiv {), infin. equivalent to ysyoydvxo from aigiM. vsvai, from a new present ysyaxa, Doric, Pind. Olym. 6, 83. ysydaa&s, pres. mid. protracted from yiyda&s (ysydsax^s), implying a new present from ysyaa, Horn. Epigr. 16, 3; written also ysydaTs {dec) 3 plur. ysydovTai as future,

68. yivTo

Horn. Hym. 3, 198. Observe that in Latin both the voices of use, gigno, gignor.

this

verb are in

yiyvcoaxa and yLv6(ixc)

aofAai,
8,

Thuc.
perf.

26

fut. yvasyvaxa, Xen. Cyr. 8, pass, eyvoafiat, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 3

1,

(FN0S2), to know,

77:

perf.


rgvi%
aor. pass, iyvaa&tfv,

113
4, 4,

Xen. Hei.

3:2

aor.

ayvcov^ yva^ yvotr^v, yvcod^i, yvSvai, yvovs,

8,
1
:

Thuc.

aor.

mid. opt. 3 sing, yvolxoy avyyvoixo,

instance.
Plat.

as active,

^sch. Sup. 216, the only

Rep.
3, 8.

Verbal yi^odxios,

The compound
aor. avsyvooaa,

avayLyvwaxoi), to persuade, induce,

1,

has also

Herod.

68.

syvoiv,

aor.

plur.

Epic

for eyvov, syvtaaav,

Pind. Pyth.

9, 137: subj. Epic protracted yvaco, yvcoofiEv, yvwaai, for the common yvM, yvcofiev, yvwai, Theoc. 25, 177 ; Odys.

16,304;
yvolfjfiEVy

II.

1,302:

yvolriaav,

opt. yvoZfiEv, yvolsv, syncopated for Soph. Antig. 926 II. 18, 125. Dem.
;

equivalent to the perf. act. i'yvMxce. The theme FNOSl is etymologically connected with the Latin co-gnosco, nosco, English know, ken, German kennen.

303,

fyvcoofiaL is

See

also

Rem.

5. 2.

yXixo^iai^ to desire, used in the present

fect only.

and imper-

yXvcpa, to grave, aor. s/lvipa, Herod. 2, 4 : perf. pass. /f/^v^^at and syXvfi^aL, Herod. 2, 106; Plat. Conv. 40 : 2 aor. pass, iylvq^r^v, Anthol. Epigr. 66 : aor. mid. iyXvxpdiiriv as active, Theoc. Epigr. 7, 4.
Etymologically connected with yXdq^co, Latin sculpo, scdlpo, English scalp. It may possibly be connected with noXnog, nolXog, English gulf, hollow ; also with scoop (?), the I being
omitted.

FN0S2,
eyoov,

see ytyvSaxco.
to bewail,

yodo {rOJl),
II.

mourn,

II.

24,
II.

665
21,

imperf.

6,

500:

fut.

yotjdofiai,

124.
:

Mid. yodofjiaL as
perf. iyoaofiffv.

active, Eurip. Troad. 289 imSoph. Tyr. 1249. The Attic

writers

do not use the

inf.

active.

yori^svaiy

yoiaaHBv 92 Hom.
;

Epic, as if from I'OHMI, II. 14, 502. and yoaayiBv, imperf. iterative, Epic, Odys. 8, Hym. 3, 217.
to grunt, mutter^ Arist.

ygvZo {ygv),

Ran. 913

fut.

10*

114

ytovco

ygv^co and ygv^ofiai^ Athen. 9,

54

aor. eygv^a,

598. JTJINSI, see yByaviaxa,

Arist. Plut.

J,

WfCa, to rend, II. 7, 247 fut. dat^co, iEsch. Agam. 207: aor. I5ai|a, II. 21, 147: perf. pass, ^fbaCyiiai^W. 17, 535; also didaiyfxaL trisyllabic,
:

Find. Pyth. 8, 125 : aor. pass, idatx^riv, Find. Pyth. 6, 33. daivvfu or daLvva [JAISl), to entertain, treat, feast, II. 23, 29 ; Call. Cer. 84 fut. Saiao, Msch,
'
:

Eum. 305
idaia&ffv,

aor. sdaiaa,

Herod.

1,

Eurip. Heracl. 914.

Mid.

162

aor. pass.

dalvvixai
eat, fut.

and datvvofxai, to feast $ai60fxai, Odys. 18, 48 Elec. 543 ; II. 23, 207.

(intransitive),
:

aor. iSatddifxriv,

Soph.

'

dalvv, imperat. 2 sing, for dalvv&i, II. 9, 70. daivvxo or dalvvTo, pres. opt. mid. 3 sing., 11.24, 665; 3 plur. daivvaio {v), Ionic as to form, for daivvvTo, Odys. 18, 248;

compare nrj/pmo from

be
dctLvv-Tio

nriyvv^L.

The

analogical form would

'

or 8alvv-no, like laxa-^xo or dvva-L'to but the characteristic i is never found in the optative of verbs in -v^ai, or -i^i.

See

dvvta, q>v(o, cpd^lco,

and

Xvco.

Baio^aL (JASl),

Find. Pyth. 3, 146 140: fut. ddaofjiaL (a), II. 22, 354: perf. didact^ai and daidaifiai passively, 11. 1, 125 Odys. 1, 23 aor. iddad^riv {oa), Find. Pyth. 4, 263 ; Olym. 7, 138 ; Xen. (Econ. 7, 24.
to divide, allot.

Odys.

15,

Saoda^iBTo, aor.
dmofiivoiv
is

iterative,

II.

9,

333.

Odys.

9, 551,

passive in sense.

form of dsga, Arist. Nub. 442. see daiwfii. .An^Avfdalco {AA2), to burn, II. 9, 211 perf. pass, ^i^av2 perf. BsByiol liai, Call. Epigr. 52 ; Simonid. 135
daigco, another

JA III,

to entertain,

as present intransitive, to burn, blaze, Latin ar-

dafxv
deo^
fire,
II.

115
be on

13, 736.

Mid.
II.

Saiofxai, to burn,

intransitively,
II.

8,

75

aor.

{idaofiriv),

subj. ddi^xai,
11.4, 5. 7,

20, 316.
is

daTs

transitive
ex d'

anc^ agrees with

^A&rivrj'

compare
(aauV to

II.

18, 206. 227,

amov dais

cpXoya nafxcpavo-

(sc.

We
hence
p.

may suppose

nvg) ds dais d^sa yXotvxwTiig A&rjvt], that the original theme was

J A F^t

didavfiai, davXog,

and the adjective daF^og (Priscian.

to be distressed, Poetic,

546).

daxvd^o^at (ddxvo),
Pers. 571.

iEsch.

Sdxvo
1
:

{JAKSl, JHK2),
:

to

bite,

fut. 87JlofA,ai,

Eurip. Bac. 351

aor. pass,

perf. ^diss, di8rf^f.iai, Arist.

Ach.
aor.

idrjxd'r^v,

Arist.

Ach.

18:2

edaxov, Msch. Prom. 1009.

2 aor. with the Epic reduplication, Anthol. 12, verse si rgacpinov nvyrjv aavlg dsdax' iv (^aXavsica is as its corrupt author left it the verse, as such, does not seem The reader would do well to remember that to be corrupt. Straton was not Simonides.
dsduits,
15.

The

SafiaXi^o)
5, 162.

(Sajxdo),

to

subdue, tame, Pind. Pyth.

Poetic for the regular 1, 61 : fut. (da^daeo,
II.

daixdo)

{JAMU, JMAS2),

Sufxato, to subdue, tame,

II.

dafxa)
22, 271

protracted 8a^da, daiAocoai,

:

6,
:

368
aor.

perf. pass.
II.

diSfxr^fxai,
:

II.

5,

878

pass. idfXTJ&riv,

Horn.

Hym.
2

1,

79 543 2
4,
:

pass. dsSfiijaofiai, aor. pass, iddfxriv, Soph.

fut.

Elec. 844.
subj.

3 plur. Epic for iddfirjanv, 11. 8, 344 da^slsTs, Odys. 18,54; 11.7,72: 3 sing. dafiTJr}, fordafi^, 11.22, 246: infin. dafiri^svai, 11. 10,403. The theme JaMR is evidently connected with the Latin verb domo^ English tame.
ddfisv,
aor. pass.
:

dujiisio},

imperf. 15adafivdo, for dafxdco, Odys. 11,221 ^vaov, II. 5, 391. Mid. da(xvdofiaL transitive, II. 14, 199.

116
be referred also
Safivi^lxL,

^a^v
ddifzvaaitsy imperf. iterative, Horn. to ddfivfj^i*

Hym.

3, 252.

It

may

from da(xvdco,

II.

5,

893.

Mid.

ddf^vufiat
to

transitive,

Odys.

14, 488.

8ag&dvG}
sleep,

(JAP&Il),
Plat.

usually
:

xaTadag&dvo),

Phaedo, 43 perf. deddgSriyca, Plat. Conv. 42 : 2 aor. s8ag&ov, Epic edgad'ov, Odys. 20, 143; 8, 296; Xen. Hel. 7, 2, 23: 2 aor. pass, iddg&riv and idgd&r^v as active, Apol. 2, 1231; Odys. 5, 471.
dajiofiai
(daiofiat,

darrjg),
;

to

divide,

Herod.

I,

J JA

Pind. Olym. 7, 102 aor. infin. Saiiaadai, Hes. Op. 765. AH, to divide, see Satof^ai, SI, to hum, see dai(o, JA1, to teach, cause to learn, Epic, 2 aor. eSaov, idaov, Theoc. 24, 127; Odys. 6, 233: perf. dsSdi^xa as middle, to have learned, know, Odys. 2, 61 ; Herod. 2, 165 : 2 perf. 8idaa, to have taught; also as middle, to have learned, Horn. Hym. 2, 510; Odys. 17, 519: 2 aor. iddriv as middle, to learn, JEsch. Ag. 123 ; Pind. Mid. to teach one's Olym. 7, 166. self, simply to learn, fut. dajjaofiai, Odys. 3, 187: perf. dsddr^fxai, Theoc. 8, 4. See also diddo-

216

JAOMAI,

daslo),
inf.

aor. pass. subj.

II.

Epic

for

daS

{daico), II. 10,

425:

dariixBvaiy

6, 150.

All) he appeared, a Biaxo or boazo (^JEASl, defective imperf. mid. (like lajajo from laxaiiai), aor. dodaaaio, II. 13, 458; Epic, Odys. 6, 242 subj. dodadsiai, II. 23, 339.
,
:

JO

** Whenever Homer describes any one as having been in doubt, and after consideration making up his mind what course to pursue, he uses this verse, wds ds oi ipgoviovTi

dodaauTO

itsgdiov dvai."

Buttmann.

deis

117
find out,
infin.

dsddofiat

{JASl^ diSaa),

to learn,

dsddaadat protracted from 8edda6at (Seddeadat),

Odys. 16, 316.

8edL(ixofxaL {plco), to frighten, Arist.

Lys. 564.

dsdiaxofiac (delxvviii), to welcome, greet,

Odys. 15,

150.
SsdiTTOfxat (pLco), to frighten, Plat. Phaedr. 50.
dsdoLxco, see deldaj,

dedoxrifxevos (dsixvvfii, or Si^^ofiai), on the look out,

watching, a defective perf. mid. part. Epic, II. 15, 730. Bel, it is necessary, see 8sco, to ivant, detdioxofxai (dstxvvfit), another form of dedcaxoijiai, to welcome, greet, Odys. 3, 41.
Apol.
I,

558,

dsidlaxoiJ,tti is

equivalent to dsiytavdw.
II.

dsidioaofxai {plco), to frighten. Epic,

8i8iioiAai,
II.

4,

184

fut.

20, 201

aor. e8BL8Lld^riv,

II.

18,

164.
U. 2, 190, deidlaaea^ai
is intransitive, to

fear.

8ei8(o

fear, Epic in the present and future, II. 11,470: fut. 8Biao^iai, II. 15, 299: aor. s8iaa. Epic s88Laa, Xen. Cyr. 1,4, 22; II. 1, 33: perf. 8i8otxa, Epic 8eL8oixa, as presto

(JEIJl,

JESI),

ent,

Soph. Aj. 278

aor.

II.

1,

555

12, 244.

See
part.
perf.

also 8lg),

nsQiddeiaa,
VTiodd sluag present from

Epic

for Trs^te'^aaa,
1\.

for vnodslaag,
dedotxoii

18, 199.

Theoc. 15,

dedolnoj, anew 58. dedoiy^isv,

We

II.

11,508:

1 plur. for dsdoUafitv,

Etymol. Magn.

The form JESl gives 8sog, after the analogy of EIJIJI {EnSl), tnog' MEIPfL (MEPII), fiigog.
The original theme was f^EIJl or ^JESl. may therefore suppose that nsgiddeiaa, vnoddsiaag, ^eovdrjg, were originally tisqi F^ siaa, vno F^ siaag, ^so fd rj g.
8thrj(]iaL

(8dXri, 8si},os), to take an afternoon^ luncheon, found only in the aor. part. 8Ls?0eljaas,

Odys. 17, 599.

118

ditx

detxavdG) (detxvvfXL), to stretch out the hand^ hold out something in the hand, show, Theoc. 24, b6, Mid. dsLxavdofiat, to welcome, greets imperf.

3 plur. 8sLxav6a)VT0, protracted from deixavcovjo

(deixavdovro),
dstxvvfii
II.

15, 86.

and detxvvco (JEIKSI), to show, point fut. dsc^co, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, out, Hes. Op. 449 53: aor. I'^a|cc, Thuc. 1, 74: perf. diSsixa, Athen. 2, 55 perf. pass. deSsiyfiat, Xen. Cyr.
:

aor. pass. Ideiyd^riv, Eurip. Sup. 1209. 9 Verbal dsixieog, Xen. Mem. 3, 5, 8. The lonians say ds^co, sSs^a, ^sBey^ai, ids;^d'rfv, Herod. 3, 122; 5,22; 9, 27 ; 6, 104. The mid. dsUvvfiai, in the Epic language, means also to
2, 3,
:

welcome, greet, drink

also dsDcuvdofiai.

to, II. 9,

196; Horn.

Hym.

1, 11.

See

dtldeyfxai, perf. mid. Epic for dsdsiyfiav' 3 plur. dsidsdeldsxTO, pluperf. 3 sing, as aorist, X ax a by Odys. 7, 72. II. 9, 224 3 plur. dsLdixaro as imperfect, II. 4, 4 all in

the sense to welcome, greet, or drink referred to the kindred dsxo^ai.

to.

They

are often

dsmvio,
perfect

to

For the syncopated sup, regular. dsdeinvafisv, dadsinvdvai, see Rem.

Herod.
2,

^ 68.
8stgo, Ionic for Ssgo),

39

4,

64.

JEISl, see
difxo

Seido.

8ixoiiai, Ionic for Sixofxai,

Herod.
1,

7,

177.

2, 87 ; Odys. 179; II. 7, 337: perf. pass. diSfij^fxai, Herod. 7, 200: aor. mid. idsifjidixrfv, to build for one's self, Herod. 4, 78. degxofiai, to look sharply, see, catch a view of, aor. i8sg/&r^v, jEsch. Prom. 53 2 aor. sdgdxov, Eurip. Orest. 1456 ; later eSgaxa, Orph. Argon. 133 2 aor. pass. iSgdxrjv, Pind. Pyth. 2, 38 2 perf. di^xa as present, Soph. Aj. 1. Pind. Olym. 1, 152 Nem. 3, 148 9, 98, didogxa is in-

(JMESl),

to build,

Hom. Hym.

23, 192: aor. edsLfia, Herod.

transitive, to be conspicuous, shine.

; :

Sso
Sigo, to flay
aor. edsiga,
;

119
dsga, Arist. Eq.
4,

scourge,
II.

fut.
;

370
Lys.

1,

459

Herod.

60
5,

Arist.

740. 953. dsvo^ai, Epic for ^so^ai, to need,

(ut, devTJaoixai,
II.

II.

202

1,

13,786:

aor.

idsvriaa,

468 Odys.

9,483.
dixrvf^ai, later for 8s%ofiai, Anthol. 9, 553.

bexo^at, to receive, accept,

fut.

Si^ofiai,

Soph. Col.

perf. diSs^fjiai,

Thuc. 1,9:

aor. pass, idix^r^v

actively or passively,

1012:
fut.

Eurip. Heracl. 757 ; Dem. mid. ideldiir^v, Eurip. Ale. 683: 3 deSi^o^aL actively, II. 5, 238. Verbal dsaor.

ocrios,

Xen. CEcon.

7, 35.
II. II.

dixajaiy pres. 3 plur. Epic for dixovtat, part. ds'/fiEvog for dexoixsvog, waiting for,
ds^dfisvog,

Pind. Pyth. 4, 226. idsyixrjv, imperf. for idsxodsxio or edsnTo, 2 aor. firjv, was expecting, Odys. 9, 513. mid. 3 sing. Epic, Odys. 9, 353 U. 15, 88 imperat. 2 sing, ds^o (dsxao), II. 19, 10 2 plur. dsx^e, Apol. 4, 554 infin. dsx^ai, II. 1, 23; Eurip. Rhes. 525. II. 10, 62, dsdsyfisvog is equivalent to dsxof^srog, loaiting ; II. 4, 107, it is equivalent to dsdoxrifisvog, on the look out, watching.

2,

12, 147: pres. 137 or for

;

8sa), to

Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 23 aor. 1112: perf. Sedsxa, Dem. 764 perf. pass. diSsfiai, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 35 also dsdedixai, Hippocr. aor. pass, idid^r^v^ Xen. Hel. 1,7, 39 3 fut. pass. dedTJaofiaL equivalent to dsd^TJaofxai, Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 18. Verbal dsbind, fut. drjao,
:

edrfda, Soiph,
:

Antig.

Tsos,

Arist.

Eccl. 785.
II.

Mid.
553
:

diofiai transitive,
aor.
i8riod[xr^v,
II.

imperf. ideofn^v,
2. 44.

18,

In this verb bo, f(o, sov are contracted contrary to the analogy of dissyllahic verbs in c'w 8ovv, Plat. Cratyl. 76; avadoiv, Arist. Plut. 589; KaTsdovv, Thuc. 7, 53; ava~ doviiai, Xen. Hel. 5, 1, 21 evidently in order to make a
:

distinction between this and the following. drjadaxeTo, aor. mid. iterative, II. 24, 15. It may possibly be etymologically connected with the

English

tie,

tight.


120
died, to ijba/nt;

S(o

he wanting,

lack, fail,

1006:
Sirfxa,

fut. dsriaco, Plat.

Rep.
II.
:

Dem. 678; Epic %(ra,

Plat.
Polit.
1
,

Msch. Prom. 8: aor. idir^aa, 3, 18, 100: perf. depass,

19

middle, Thuc.
fut. ds^ctofxaL,

27.

Mid.
is

aor.

ids^&rfv as
perf. dsdir^-

diofiac, to need, beg,

4,

Xen. Anab.
dst, it

5,

fiai,

Dem.

415.
necessary, there is need,
6, 1,

Impersonal
ditf, dsot, 8siv,

dsov, fut. dsijast,

Arist.

17:

aor. iSsi^c^s,

Xen. Cyr. Vesp. 612.

see 8dxvo, drjXofjiaL, to ivish, Doric, equivalent to &ika), ^ovlofxat, Theoc. 5, 27. Sfjco {JA2), I shall find, Epic, II. 9, 418. 685; Odys. 4, 544.

JHKS2,

may assume a future da^atxi from JAJl, hence 5w, and, by contracting the first two syllables (as), (JtJw. Compare xtw or neioa also atdilo from aide'ofxoci.
'

We

Sianda (8tatTa), to Dem. 861: aor.

dcaiTdaa,

decide, arbitrate, fut. BiatTijao),

idLjjirfaa
,

Dem. 542; Doric

:

Pind. Pyth. 9,
:

121

perf. dsdij^ir^xa,

Dem. 542. Mid. dLaiTciofiai, to pass life, live, divell, Hippocr. de Aer. 44: imperf. dLjfiaofxr^v, Lysias, 13: fut. dLatTijaofjiac, Plat. Rep. 2, 12: perf. Be^t^xri' Thuc. 7, 77: aor. pass. SLjfTT^&i^v, Ionic fjiai, dcaLZTJ&rfv as middle, Thuc. 7, 87; Herod. 2, 112. Verbal SLacTrfTiog as middle (dec StaiTOr
perf. pass. dsdcyTrnxat,

Dem. 902

a&ai), Hippocr.
dLdxovico (diaxovos), to minister, wait upon, imperf. 8li}x6vovv, Eurip. Cycl. 406: fut. diaxovT^ao,
Plat. Gorg. 61 perf dsdir^xovr^xa, Athen. 7, 42: perf pass, dedtrjxovrffxai, Dem. 1230: aor. pass. idiaxovijd'i^v, Dem. 1206. diaXiya (did, Xeyo)), to separate, select, Mid. diaUyoiiai^ to discuss, converse with, fut. dLaXi:


Mg
|o^ai,
4,

121

Dem. 140:
:

perf. Sutkeyfiai,
Siels^^d^tfv

29
11,

aor.
1, 6, 1

pass.
:

as

Xen. Hel. 5, middle, Xen.

Mem.
11.

aor.

407:

fut. pass.

mid. duXs^dfXT^v Epic only, SiaXsx^rjoofiaL as middle,

to teach, fut.

Isoc. 195.

Verbal diaXsxisog^ Isoc. 101.

Siddaxco {/IA1,
Arist. Plut.

Md^o), Thuc. 2, 60; also iSLddaxr^aa Epic, Hes. Op. 64 perf. Sedidaxa, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 18: perf. pass. deSida/fiai, Xen. Conv. 9, 6 aor. pass. idtddxO't^v, jEsch. Prom. Verbal didaxjeog, Xen. Hel. 6, 3, 7. 10. Mid. Siddaxofiai, to cause to be taught, give an 582:
aor. idtda^a,
: :

AIJAXiT),

education
self: fut.

also to learn, that

is,

to

teach one^s

didd^o^ai,

idtdaldfiriv, Arist.

Xen. Mem. 1,2,20: aor. Nub. 1338; Soph. Antig. 356.

derived tenses show that the last consonant of the the noun didixx^ presupposes a theme in a palatal therefore diddaycoj is formed by inserting a before ;^, and -X(o changing the latter into its corresponding smooth palatal. Compare H'oxm, Xdania, fxloyo). /II/lAXfL without the reduplication may be compared with the Latin doceo, disco.
root
is
;
'

The

Bldrffjii

(Sid)), to bind, imperf. idiSr^v,

II.

11, 105.
II.

dMo {JO 11),

9,

to give,

sing.

Sidoig, dLdoiad^a,

164;

19,

270; 3

sing.

diSot,

Herod.

1,

107;

imperat. 8t8ov (8180s), Eurip. Med. 617 : imperf. i8l8ovv (i8i8oov), Xen. Cyr. 8, 2, 17; Hes. Op. 138 fut. 8L8coda) Epic, Odys. 13, 358; 24, 314.
:

didoi, imperat. 2 sing, for dldov {dldos), Find. OJym. 1, 136. It is the same as the Latin do; the derivative dos of course is the same as 5wV.

8i8gdax(o
fut.

(JPAS2), only

in

composition d7to8i8gd-

run away, skulk, 8gdao^ai (a), Dem. 130: aor. e8gdaa, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 13: perf. 8s8gdxa, Xen. Anab. 1, 4, 8 2 aor. e8gdv Ionic s8grfv, 8gco, Sgairiv, 8gdvai, Sods, Eurip. Heracl. 14; Rem. 72.
Gxco, 8ia8i8gdaxc}, ix8i8gdaxc), to
:

11

122

dt8g

Sidgrldxo), SgyjaofjiaL, &LC,, Ionic for

8i8gdaxo,

Sida/iU

8c6(jco, Xen. Anab. 7, 3, 10: aor. e8coyca, only in the indicaperf. 8s8oxa^ Thuc. 5, tive, Xen. Mem. 1,1, 9 perf. pass. 8s8ofxat, Xen. Hel. 7, 1, 5 11 aor. pass. i86d'rfv, Xen. Hel. 3, 1, 6: 2 aor. 8cov, 8S, Verbal 8oLrfv, 86s, 8ovvai, 8ovs, Thuc. 2, 27. 8oTiog, Xen. Eq. 10, 12. Mid. 8i8oiiaL, see See also 8i86a). d7io8L8ofiL,

(8t86o,

JOS2),

to

give^ fut.

The

fut. raid, ixdcoaofiai,

of

sxdld(Ofii, is

passive in signifi-

cation, Hippocr.

The singular edaxa, tdmaag, tdaits, and the 3 plur. sdmxav, with good writers are much more common than the remainOn the other hand, the ing forms of the aorist edMxa. singular of the 2 aor. tdcav is not used in the indicative. didbi&L, pres. imperat. 2 sing, for dido&i, Odys. 3, 38
infin.

didovvai, Epic
iterative,
II.

for

Sidovai,

II.

24,425.

aor.

18,546; Odys.
subj.

19, IQ.

Smm,

doanov,

dojpg,

dcoT],

dwMoi, 2
1,

aor.

Epic

for 5w, dug, do), dajai, U. 6,

II. 1, 324. Also 3 sing. 129; 1 plur. droofisv for 5w^)/, II. 7, 299: infin. dofisvat and dofxsv, for dovvai, II. 1, 116; 479. dcorjv, d(oi]g, Scatj, 2 aor. opt. for 8oit]v, doltjg, dolrj, Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 35; Herod. 9, 111. Many critics suppose compare aXaJriv that these forms belong to the later Greek dtdoav&iy anodsdoavd- l, 2 perf. 3 from aXlaxo(j,ai. plur. BcBotic, in an ancient inscription, Rose's Inscript. Compare iwv&i, for Iwvn {coai), in Graec. tab. 39, 1. 35.
;

527

137

also dcotjai for dm^,

1,

dm a I

for 8m,

II.

the

same

inscription.

8i^rif.iaL, to

seek,
?/

Epic and

Ionic, 8L^riadat, 8L^7]fzvos,

retaining

4,88; 1, 214:
811(0,

the inflexion, Odys. 11, 100; II. Herod. 1, 94: imperf. i8Lt7]fii]v, Herod.
in
fut. 8itr]aofiaL,

Odys.

16,

239:
1,

aor. i8i'

triadiiriv,

Plutarch, p. 1118, quoted. to consider, cpgovjilo), doubt, Herod.

65

im-

perf.

15.

Mid.

Uilov,

II.

16, 713.

Compare Xen. Apol.

8t^rffA,ai,

8L^ofiai equivalent to
:

25, 37; Hes. Op. 601

imperf. i8t:6fxriv,

Theoc. Mosch.

2,28.

8iax
Sifixovio), Ionic for
8i7fiJii

'

123
4,

Siaxovia, Herod.
disfxaL

154.
part.
Sisig,

(Sid,

ir^fit),

Athen. 7, 41. Plut. 720.

diTffii (dtco),
11.

Mid.

to moisten, sprinkle,

as

active,

Arist.

to chase

away, imperf. 3

plur.
II.

iSuaav,
23, 475;
Stxeov^

18, 584.

Mid.
10,

Bufiai, to speed,

12, 304.

JIKS2,

to fling. Poetic,

aor. sdixov^ 8lxs,

;

Find. Olym. Choeph. 99.

diyjTJaci),

86; Eurip. Bac. 599

Odys.
:

^sch.

dtyjoio (a), to thirst, be thirsty,

11,

Xen. Mem.
81
:

2, 1,

17

aor. idixprfcia,

583: fut. Xen.

dixpio, another

Hippocr. Athen. 10, 43. dia, to fear, Epic in the present and imperfect, II. 2 perf. dsdta. Epic Ssi8ta, as present, 9, 433 dedio, SsdLstrfv, diSidt, Sedisvai, dsStds, 11. 10, 93; Hes. Scut. 248; Arist. Eq. 224; Isaeus, 101: 2 pluperf. ideduiv, Dem. 915. Mid. dtofiai,
Cyr.
7, 5,

perf. dedlipr^xa,
^ti/^ao,

form of

to

Eum. 357
18, 34.

cause to fear, simply to frighten, scare, jEsch. II. 5, 763. ; See also deidco,

dsidis, imperf. 3 sing, from anew present /lETz/ISl, l\. Compare agtjQsv from aQotQlay.bi. For the syncopated forms of the second perfect and pluperfect, 8i8i^sv or dild ifi8v, ds8 Ltf, dsdislrjv, d id i&i or dsldi^ i, d sidits, deidlusv, dstdyla, idsidifisv, idediaav or ddsidiaav, see Rem. ^ 68!

Sicoxa
/xai,

(JIII KAS SI),

Arist.

to

pursue,

fut.

dialo, dico^o-

iSia^a,

Thesm. 1224; Thuc. 7, 85: aor. Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 13: aor. pass. s8ico;(6rfv,
4
:

2 aor. i8t(6xadov, 8LcoxdQo, 8LC)xoiVesp. 1203 Nub. 1482; Plat. Gorg. 85*; Euthph. 20. Verbal 8LcoxTeos, Xen. Anab. Mid. 8Lc6xofxai transitive, II. 21, 602. 3, 3, 8.
3,

Thuc.

6siv, Arist.

diMxsTov, imperf. 3 dual

for dmxsir^v,

II.

10,

364;

like

Xacpvoasiov for iXacpvaasirjv, from Xa(pvau(o,

II.

18, 583.


124
see Safid^a. see difxco. dodaaaio, see diaro. 86axo, see Ssaro,
iixaa

JMAft, JMES2,

doxia (JOKJ2), Anab. 1, 4, 15;

seem, think, fut. 5o|o, Xen. sdo^a, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 6 perff pass. 88oyf.iai, Arist. Eccl. 759 : aor. pass, The regular forms part. doxO'Si?, Antiph. 630.
to

aor.

80X7(0(0, e86xrioa, 8s86xrffiai, 8oxrfd'ts are Poetic;

^sch. Prom. 386 Pind. Olym. Med. 763; Ale. 1161.

;

13,

79

Eurip.
86^si,

88os,

Impersonal 8oxl, it 8e8oxTai, Also

seems,
8oxr(at,

appears,
i86xrfas,
;

8e86'

xr/xs, 886xrfTaL,

Eurip. Heracl. 261

Sup. 129;

jEsch.
8ov7TG)

Eum. 309 ; Herod. 7, 16. (^JOTUSl), to sound heavily,

imperf.
iSovTtsov,

as in falling,

Poetic,

e8ov7tri<sa

and

i^8ov7tfiGia,

aor.
:

e8ov7tov later,

1057: aor. 505; 11, 45: Brunck's Analect. 2, 33

Apol.
II.

2,

4,

(96) 2 perf. 8i8ov7ta, 8e8ovu(6s^ fallen, dead, II. 23, 679. The aor. iySovnriau presupposes TAOTIIESI {r^OTIlSl), probably the original theme. Compare tuvneca, xvmm,
TTnSl.

AOSl,
Sgaivo

see 8i8aip.u
(8gda)), to do, plan, project,
II.

10, 96.

JPAM1,

see xgsx^,

JlPASl, see
s8gdcia,

8gaaxaCai, for 8i8gdox(o, Lys. 359. 8L8gdaxa),

8gda), to do, fut.

Sgdaa (d), Soph. Col. 822 aor. Thuc. 8, 40 perf. 8i8gaxa, Soph. Antig. 442 perf. pass. 8s8gd^aL and 8i8gaap,ai, Eurip. Orest. 1318; Thuc. 3, 54: aor. pass. i8gda&riv, Thuc. 3, 38.
: :
:

59.

Sometimes dgm has the force of the future, Arist. Plut. dQcooiai, pres. 3 plur. protracted from dguai, Epic,

8vva)
^ Odys. 15, 324 optat. dgaoifii, for dgwfxi compare rj^woifii from ^/3a>. 15, 316
:

125
{dgaoifii),

Odys.

JFEMJl,
dgsTtco,
:

see tqsxg)*
:

sometimes dgsTtto, to pluck, enjoy, Mosch. 2 aor. %aaor. sdgeyja, Herod. 2, 92 2, 69 Mid. SgeTto710V, dgancov. Find. Pyth. 4, 231. fiai, to pluck for one^s self, enjoy. Find. Nem. 2, 13 fut. dgiyjojAat, Doric dge\pv[xai, Theoc. 18, 40 aor. idgsxpoifiriv, iEsch. Sept. 718. Sgrjaaa, for dgda, to do, Apol. 3, 274. dgrfOTsvo, for diSgdaxcj, Herod. 4, 79. dgofido or dgafjido (JPEMJl), to run, 3 sing. Bgco^a, in Hesychius imperf. iterative dgoiidadxs, Hes. frag. 156. dgvTtTO) and 8gvq)o, to tear the flesh, Eurip. Elec. 150 ; II. 24, 21 aor. sdgvxpa, II. 16, 324 aor. Mid. dgvjiToixai, pass. i8gv(p&riv, II. 23, 395.

to tear one^s

own flesh, Xen. Cyr.

Odys.
2, 153.

3, 1, 13

aor.

idgvyjdfxtfv,

Sgoixdco, see dgofida.

SvvufiaL, to be able, can, like icfja^ai in the present

and imperfect imperf. edvvd^riv and ^Swdi^r^v, Xen. Anab. 7, 2, 33; Herod. 1, 10: fut. dvvrjperf. BsHvYiiiai, Dem. aofiai, Soph. Antig. 90 48 aor. iSvvij&riv and rfdvvjjd'rfv, also idvvdXen. a&riv. Soph. Aj. 1067 ; JEsch. Prom. 206
: :

Hel. 7, 3, 3 aor. mid. iSwriadfjirfv Epic, Verbal bwaios, possible, able, 33.
:
;

II.

14,

subj. dvvji, pres. 2 sing, for 8vvaauv, Eurip. Hec. 253 2 sing, bvvriai Epic for 8vvri, II. 6, 229 1 plur. 5vvsw^^, 3 plur. dvvE(ovTai, Ionic for dvvwus&a, dvviavtai, Herod. 4, 97 7, 163.
:

The

accent of the present subjunctive and optative

far

is

thrown as
dvvMvtaL
'

back as possible

dvvcofiai,

dvvriTat,

dvpfja&s,

dvvaio, dvvano, dvvaia&s, dvvaivio.

8vvcs (dva), to enter,

sink,

put on one's
II.

Herod.

7,

218;

5,

self, go down, set, 845; equivalent to

11

126
.1

8v7it

dvofxai from Svcj

perf. dedvxa, Arist. VcvSp.

140:

2 aor. sSvv, Xen. Cyr.

dvvBovai,

8vco (v), dvriv (y), dvOt, dvvat, 8vg, Mid. dvvo^ai as active, 8, 3, 1 .

Call. Epigr. 19,

pres.

6; 21,
3
plur.

2.
for

dvvovai,
:

Herod.

dvoTcsv, 2 aor. iterative, II. 8, 271 dvfisv, 2 aor. opt. aav, 11. 4, 222.

plur.

3, 98. idiJv for edv-

1 plur.

for dvrj^sv, like

ddlfisv,

S^flfiev, for

dolrjfist', &slri(j.sv, II.

to Buttrnann, the subjunctive dvrj,

20, 286, ought to be written pends on a historical tense.

Svrj^

According Odys. 9, 377 18, 348; optative, because it de16, 99.

;

8vjnco, for dvvo) or 8v<o, Apol.

1,

1008

aor. eSvrpa,

Apol.
It

1,

1326.
to be etymologically
di]p, dive.

seems

connected with the Saxon

dyfan^ English
8vci), to

cause to enter, to put on another, envelope, immerse, sink, Arist. Av. 712; Odys. 5, 272:
fut.

668 aor. 8vaa, II. Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 23 perf. pass. 8s8iffxai, Dem. 1268: aor. pass. i8v6rfv 2 aor. pass. i8vrfv, 8ix8v(v), Arist. Ran. 715 Verbal 8viios, Plat. Rep. 5, 6. rjvai, Hippocr. Mid. 8vofxat, to enter, put on one's self, go down, set, sink, II. 5, 140: fut. 8v6o^ai, Xen. Anab. 3,5, 11: aor. i8vcidfiffv, Odys. 5,352;
8vaco (v),
:

Arist.

Eccl.

18,

83

perf. 8e8vxa,

also iSvdoixriv Epic,

8vvco, a8vv are

II.

7,

465.

The equivalent
8vo(iai, i8vII.

more common than

dvco
is

Sometimes the present

dvvta, as

intransitive, equivalent to

Odys. 5, 272. dvaso, aor. raid, imperat. from idvaofirjv, Odys. 1, 24, and Hes. Op. 382, dvaofisvog middle see xaTa^ijosiaL under ^alvoy.
;

16, 129.
a real future

is

8cDgeo^ai (8agov), to present, give, fut. 8ogr}dOfiai, once 8cog7]ao, Eurip. Troad. 382 ; Horn. frag. 8 aor. pass. perf. 868c6grffiai, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 8
:

l8cogriQriv always passively,

Soph. Aj. 1029:

aor.

er^i
i8a)gi]foi[A,riv,

127
Idcogricia,

rare

Anab. 7, Op. 82.

3,

27;

Find.

and Poetic Olym.

Xen.
Hes.

6,

131;

E.
id(pdri or idcpd^ri, see
idco, to permit,
let,

dma,
alone
(d),
:

; Epic ddo), II. 4, 55 Thuc. 1, 144 aor. aowra, 1, 9, 18: perf. slaxa, Dem. 99: aor. fut. mid. idoofxai as pass. 8id&rfv (a), Isoc. 60 Verbal iaxios, Herod. passive, Eurip. Aul. 33 1

let

2,

113 fut. Xen. Anab.

:

laW

8, 108.
eaattsvy imperf. iterative,
II.

11, 330.

The

original form

was

cpaw

(perhaps

FeFw), hence

the imperative s^ocaov for saaovy in Hesychius.

eyyvda {^yyvri), to betroth, proffer, imperf. riyyvaov and ivsyvaov, Dem. 890 Isaeus, 59 aor. i^yyvtfoa and ivsyvriaa, also ivsyyvr^aa, Eurip. Aul. 703; Isaeus, 39; Dem. 1366: perf. (^yyvrfxa),
;
:

pluperf. rjyyvrjxsiv, Isaeus,

:

51

also

iyysyvr^xa,

Dem. 1363 perf. pass, ^yyvrfixai and iyysyvrfpluperf. pass. iyyeyvTJfirp^ fiai, Dem. 394. 900 and ivsyysyvTJfxT^v, Isaeus, 49 Dem. 901 aor. pdiSS. -^yyvrjd-T^v, Dem, 1361. Mid. iyyvdofiaiy
:

to accept
perf. 7,
4,

'^yyvaofirjv
aor.

a proffer, bind one^s self, engage, imand ivsyyvaofir^v, Xen. Anab. 13; Isaeus, 60: fut. iyyvrjaoiiai, Dem.
yyyvT^adfxrfv

715:

and
;

eveyyvriad^iriv, also

iyyvT^adfiffv,

Andoc. 22

Isaeus, 49. 88.

The forms ivsyyvrjaa, ivsyyeyv^fxriv, ivsyyvaofArjv, and iv8yyv7]ad^rjv are anomalous, inasmuch as they repeat the preposition tv. iyyvocaa&ai, pres. mid. infin. protracted from tyyvaodai {iyyvdeo&ai), Odys. 8, 351.

iyeiga
5,

{EFEPSl, EFPSl),
Xen. Hel.
6,
:

to rouse,

waken,

raise,
II.

fut. iysgco,

4,

36:

aor.

rjysiga,

208

aor. pass, i^yig&riv as middle,

Xen. Cyr.


128
-8, 7,
:

Byyca

2 2 perf. iygriyogoi. as neuter present, to he awake, Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 7. Mid. eyslgo^ai,

to

raise one^s self,

eyqysQ^ai, Thuc. 2 aor. '^ygofir^v, s/gofiai, iygoifitfv, Hippocr. eygso Epic, i/gia&ai, sygo^svog, Arist. Ran. 51 ; Vesp. 774; Odys. 6, 113; Eurip. Rhes. 531; Thuc. 18, 55; Plat. Lys. 3.
:

simply to rise, wake, perf. 7, 51 : aor. r^/eigdfitfv rare,

fjysQTOf pluperf. mid. 3 sing, without the Attic redupliiyQT^yoQ&s, 2 perf. imperat. 2 plur. Epic infin. syQi^yog&ai or iygrjfor ey^tjyoQexs, II. 7, 371
cation, Hippocr.

yoQ&uL^

II.

10, 67.

iyQtiyoQ&uGLy
419;
as if

for tygriyoQaah H. 10,

2 perf. 3 from ErEPQSl.

plur.

Epic

lyaaiiLLoXci
fut.

(lya^^iov,

Iv,

xcofxos),

to praise, laud,

and iyxofiidaofiai, 156; Conv. 24: aor. ivexcoixiaaa,

iyxcofztdaco

Plat. Plat.

Gorg. Lach.
perf.

18

perf.

iyxsxof^ilaxa.

Plat.

Leg. 1,5:
12.

pass, iyxexcofxiaa^at, Plat.

eyg-qyogdcD

Charm.

{^ygriyoga, eysigc}), part, protracted iygriyogocov (iygriyogav, -gdcav), leaking, Odys.

iygTJaao (iygrjyoga, iyslgo), to be awake, Odys. 20,

33;
'EJSl,

II.

17,660.

to seat, see ktoixai.

8 CO, see aaMco, to eat, hibo^ai, see stdofjiai, iiX8o^ai, see eXBoiiai,

UXno^ai, see eXno), Ugyvvv, see sgyvvfxi,

Ugyco
rate,

{EEPrAOl),
II.

Epic and Ionic

off,
;

for

egyco,

dgyco, to shut out, keep

4,

debar, prevent, sepa-

131

13,

iigyad'ov, 11.5. 147.

part,

Also
3
plur.

525

Herod.
for
2,

8,

98: 2

aor.

sgya, eigyvvfii,

to shut in, confine, include,

II.

617
II.

perf. pass,
5, 89.

hgy^ivos, closely compacted,

pluperf. pass.

iigxt^^'to,

Epic

for iegyfisvoi rjaav,

were shut up, Odys. 10, 241.

ei8co

129
sit,

kXofjtai

('EJS2),

to

seat one's

self,

simply to

Poetic, Soph. Tyr.

II.

32

imperf. Ho^riv as aorist,

3.

1,

48

^sch. Eum.
iaOtjaofjiat,

For idov^ai,

idTJao-

fA,ai,

aadriv,

see the

compound xadi-

^ofiai.

This verb
sedile, sella,
settle, soil;

(to place)^ also

connected with aaTlvrj, adficc, aq)sX(xg, '^EJl with the Latin sedeo, sedo, sido (i(u), sedes, English seat, sit, set, sell, sill, saddle^ solum (?)
is
;

German

schwelle.

i&iko,

to will, wish, fut. i&sXrjoci),

Xen. Anab.
5,
1,

5, 7,

30:
id'i^G)

^or.

Tjd^i^aa,

Xen. Cyr.
5, 2, 9.

^&s}.rfxa,
(s&co,

Xen. Cyr.
ed-Qs),
:

See

19:

perf.

also d-iXo,

to

accustom,

fut. id^lao^
:

Xen.

Cyr. 3, 3, 53 aor. std^iaa, Dem. 477 &ixa, Plat. Men. 1 perf. pass, aid^ia^iat, Eurip. Med. 122: aor. pass, st&iad^t^v. Plat. Leg. 3, 3. Verbal id^Laxsos, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 28. 6&C0, to be accustomed, wont, only part, ad'ov, wont, Epic, 11. 9, 540 2 perf. sl'co&a, Ionic aa&a, as present, Thuc. 1, 140; Herod. 2, 68: 2 pluperf.
:
:

perf. et-

slcDd^aiv,

Ionic ico&sa, as imperfect,

4,

Xen. Anab.
yi]&ia, in

7,8, 4; Herod.

127.
He-

The
eldco,

original form

sychius.

was Fb&w, hence /5ffoV, Compare Latin suesco and utor (?).

see idco, Poetic for Xelfico, 11. 11, 16: imperf. st^ov, Odys. 4, 153. EIJJl (IJSl), to see, 2 aor. sldov, Epic tdov, iSeo,
'0(0,
Ldoifjii,
,

ids
1,

and

Ids, ISatv,

tdSv,

Xen. Mem.

1, 1,

Orph. Argon. 119: fut. idr^aS Doric, Theoc. 3, 37. Mid. aidofiai and aaLdofiat, to seem, to appear, resemble, generally Poetic, II. 1, 228; ^sch. Choeph. 178; Herod. 6, 69; Pind. 10, 28; Theoc. 25, 58: aor. aladfirjv and iatadfir^v, atadfjiavog and istad[lavos, II. 2, 791. 22; 9, 645; Odys. 2, 320:
II.

11;

262;

later

acda,

, ;

130

6xa
aor.

60.
see,

But

elSofiriv,

Hes.

frag.

etdoiiriv or ISofxr^v
tdcofjiai, IdoifXTp^,

Soph. Elec. 892; II. 10, Eurip. Hec.^808 ; Thuc^ 4, 64. The 2 perf. old a has the force of the present, to know, Latin novi, and has slSa, stdstrfv, cdd't, stdivai, sldas 2 pluperf. j}8stv as imperfect, / kneiv, Latin noveram or noram, Xen. Cyr. 8, 1 10 fut. Hdofxat the usual Attic future, Xen. Cyr.
fxsvos
stdofisvog,

and has mreiy

108, 5; Theoc. 13, generally means to Idov, Idia&ai, 186-

27

'

1, 3,

rarely eldrjaa,
:

II. 1,

546 Herod.
;

7,

234

Isocr. 5, 11

aor. stStfaa rare,

Hippocr.

Char. Pr^f.
'

Verbal

tVrio?, Plat.

Theophr. The^t. 141.

;

The perfect and aorist of olda may be borrowed from perf. ayvcoxa, to have known, 2 aor. i'yvcjv, I knew. yiyvwaxoj Its original form was fEI/IJl or ^IJfL, hence yoldrjfit, Compare Latin video, English wit, wot, wise, yiadfisvai,.
wisdom.

slxd^co

(sixco),

to

assimilate,

compare, conjecture,
;
:

Thuc. 2, 54 6, 92: fut. elxdaco, iEsch. Eum. 49 aor. eixaaa and ijxaaa, Xen. Apol. 15; Soph. Elect. 662: perf. Arist. pass. Bixad^at and jjxaa^iat, Dem. 1408 Av. 807 aor. pass, dxdo&riv, Xen. Hel. 7, 5,
imperf. eixa^ov

and

j^xa^ov,

22.

The compounds
take a likeness,

ayrstxa^w,
fut.

to

compare, and uTisiyd^m, to

dnsixdaofxai,
Plat.

have

dvTei)idao(j.ai,

Meno, 13; Xen. Mem.

3, 11, 1.

ixo, to appear, to be like, to seem, resemble, imperf. SLXov as aorist, II. 18, 520: fut. et^a, Arist. Nub.

1001

perf.

soixa as present, eoixa,

ioixoLfii,

iotxivai

sometimes slxivai, ioLxas sometimes Lx6?, Soph. Antig. 1280; Xen. Con v. 6, 9; Plat. Ph^dr. 123; Arist. A v. 1298; Nub. 186; jEsch. Choeph. 560 Ionic olxa, olxo, olx6s, without the syllabic augment, Herod. 5, 20 ; 4,
;

stXi

131

180;
Hel.

61 : 2 pluperf. idxsiv as imperfect, Xen. 22. Impersonal sotxs, Ionic or?cf, i^ appears, seems,
3, 7, 5,

is likely, fitting J
-

Soph. Antig. 576; Herod. 5,97:

i(oxsi,

part. neut. slxog, fitting, proper, natural, reasonable

:

2 pluperf.

Odys. 24, 272.

2 perf. 3 plur. in Hesychius, under (udQviov xaxov. * Ei'^doi, 2 perf. 3 plur. for the regular dxaoi, common ioistotxw?, 2 perf. part. Epic for foixaai, Arist. Nub. 341. 2 pluperf. 3 plu/. ioUsaav, for the usual x(6g, II. 18, 417 soiy^sv, 2 perf. 1 plur. Poetic for iwxsaav, II. 13, 102. ioixccfifv, Eurip. Cycl. 99: 2 dual s'lxtov Epic, for ioUmov, Odys. 4, 27. 2 pluperf. 3 dual itidrjv Epic, for icoxBhriv, For rji^ai, rjixTO or I'ixTo, see f/axw. II. 1, 104.
el'xaat,
:

ftxo (^EIKAQSl), to yield, submit, give way, fut. aor. sl^a, Eurip. Hel. 80: ft|, Thuc. 1, 141 2 aor. SLxad'ov, uxdd^o, slxdd'otfxi, elxd&siv, slxdS'av, Soph. Tyr. 651. 1167; Elec. 361; Col. 1178. The compound vtzslxg) has fut. vnat^co and vTtsi^o^ai, l\. 1,294: aor. mid. vTtsi^dfjii^v, Apol. 4, 408.
:

si'^aaxs, aor. iterative, Odys. 5, 332. Its original form was p'sixa), hence ^uyrjld, yl^ai. Compare English z^^eaA:, German sckwach, weich. See also oXyoa.

siksco {blXco), to roll,

II.

2,

294
II.

imperf. eilsov
8,

^01/,

Odys. 22, 460;

3

and 215; 18,447:

Hesychius; plu-

fut. dlrioco,

Anthol. 12, 208.

sing, for dlrjTtxi, in
after the

iolriTLti, perf. pass.

perf. pass.

sing. soXtjjo, toas pressed dowriy oppressed,

was

in agony, Apol. 3, 471.

QTjTai,
fiSfiOQTjio,

Formed from MEIPfL

that

is,

analogy of ^t^6they presuppose

OAESl.
BiXiaaco

and ellLdaco, for iXiaaco, ^sch. Prom. 1 085 Herod. 2, 38: fut. slXi^co, Eurip. Orest. 171 aor. tilL^a, dXi^ai, eUi^as, Eurip. Troad. 116; Phoen. 1178: aor. pass. alXixd^riv, elXtx^sls, Apol. 3,
:

655.

As

to sXXiypaif

tlXlyfiriv,

they

may be

referred to kXiaaa.

: :

132

tMi
for a'Ao, Arist.

saXa,

Nub. 761
(si^co),

Thuc.

2, 76.

whirl up. 20, 492; 11, 156; Hes. Theog. 692: imperf. eiXv(paZov intransitive, Hes. Scut. 275. slkvo) (slXco), long v, to wrap up, envelope, cover
slXifcpd'Ccd

and eiXvcpdo

to roll up,

Epic,

II.

Soph. Phil. 29 1 319 aor. eiXvacx, rough breathing, Apol. 3, 206 perf. pass, stkvfiai usually as middle, II. 5, 186; Herod. 2, 8: aor. pass. part. sUva&sis rough breathing, drawing
fut.

over, to roll round, gather up.

eiXvao),
II.

21,

himself up, crouching, to spring on his opponent, equivalent to ilvad^sis from EATQ^ Theoc. 25, Mid. illvofxai, slkvoi^isvog, to 246; 24, 17. crawl, drag one's self along. Soph. Phil. 702 imperf. siXvo^iriv, Soph. Phil. 291.

Apol. 3, 281, EiXvfiivog in the sense of iXva&slg from EATJl. the other hand, iXva&slg is equivalent to elXvfisvog, 3, 1313. slXvaTai (v), perf. pass. 3 plur. Epic for eilvvTcci, II. 12, 286.

On

sl2co

(^EASl),
Epic,
II.

roll up,

fiai,

II.

eXaag,

5, 230 11, 413;

coop up, press together, elloaor. ?.aa, aXoat and Wkoai, 1, 409; 21, 295; Pind.
;

Olym. 10, 51: perf. 2 12, 38 24, 662

; :

pass.
aor.

hXfiai, isXfxsvos,
pass,
idkriv (a)

II.

aXtfv, dl^vat, dXsis,

16, 403.
with sXloaM,

See
I'Xi^,

II.

13,

408

22, 12

5,

and 823 ;

also siUco, elXXo,

EATQ.

Its original

theme was fEASl, etymologically connected EATSl^ Latin volvo, volumtn, English wal-

low^ welter, wheel (?),

German

walzen,

eiixagixai,
slfit

see (^E2Sl, ESI), to imperf ^v and cdv

'

MEIPJl,
he, exist, S,
^,
sl'riv,

ia&i, slvai,

and

TJfxrfv rare,

Xen. Cyr.
Protag.
{es, esse),

6,

1,9:

fut.

sctofxai (oa), iaoifxriv,

edsad-ai, iaoPlat.

IJtsvos,

Verbal iazEov, avvsaiiov,

U.
Etymologically connected with the Latin the root of which is es-.

sum

ugy
d^i
(IJl^

133

EIS2,

IHMI)^
and

to go,

commonly
:

as future,

shall go, to, Loiixi

perf.
ijsiv

totj^v, td'c, livai,

i6v
fut.

imeiao-

fxai

and ^a, Epic, II. 14,8:

Plat.

Apol. 6, 26 aor. siadpjv and

4,

ieicfdfirfv,

imstmfjLT^v, Epic,
1, 14.
It

II.

Verbal tjiov, hr^jiov,

138; 15, 415; 22, 424. Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 1; 1,.

0, ire, venio, via,

has already been connected with I'w, XrjfAi, (EJl), Latin English way, went (wend).

EinSl
484

{EJJD.), to say, 2 aor. elnov,

'

eltko, siTtoifxi,,

BLUE, SLTisiv, sLTtSv

Epic also
eansTs,

st7iov,
II.

only in the
;

imperat.
eiTia

10,

and sanov 445; 2,.

t7iov(?*^^/.

also

aor.

Epic hina,

siTtaLfxi,
;

or siTiov, dual, etnas, Herod. 3, 61 54; Pind. Olym. 6, 156; 8, 61;

Plat. Sophist..

Herod.

1,

49.

Mid.

Nem.

9,

78;,

aor.

siTrdfir^v,

djtsLTtdfxriVy.

ajteLTtaad'ai,

ansLTtd^svos^

to

refuse,
1,

disclaim,
;

See
part,

disown,

literally to

say no, Herod.

59

4,

120.

also ivinca.

All the forms of elna, except 3 plur. slnavy infin. etnai, and Further, the si'nag, are used by the Attic writers. forms dndtta, unmovy si'Tiaxf, of the imperative, are preferred to the corresponding forms of the 2 aor. slnov. The present is borrowed from cptj^l, Xtyoj, and in certain,

connexions, from a/oQsvm. The other parts are borrowed from sI'qm, and 'PESl, which see fut. igsiu, s^m, perf si'grjica,
:

tl'^rjfxai,

aor. pass,

iq^ridr^v

and

egqi^iijv, stgi^^rjv

and Hgs&rjv,

fut. pass. HQTiaofxai.

The
^enog,
voice,

original
ylnov.

theme was

fEinU
voco,

or

JrEnfL, hence
(oip),

Compare Latin

vox

English

etgywixL and Eigyvvcy

fine, Andoc. 126 aor. alg^a, Xen.
yjiiai,
:

(EIPFSl),
fut.
,
:

to shut in, con-

ag^o, Eurip. Elec. 1255 Cyr. 6, 1 36 perf. pass, slgArist. Av. 1085 aor. pass, eigx^rfv, Dem.

1367. See also sg/co, sgyvvfit. eigya (EIPF^OJl), to shut out, debar, restrain, prevent, fut. slg^o), Soph. Phil. 1407: aor. eig^a^
12

134
Thuc.
4,

HQB
dgy^ai, Eurip. Heracl. 2 aor. eigyad^ov, 862; Elec. 1271 mid. stg^ofxat as passive, Xen. Anab. 6, 6,
:

37

perf.

pass,

877
fut.

pass, elgxdr^v (?) : sigydd^co, dgydd^sLv, Soph. Col.

:

aor.

16:2

aor. mid. stg/aMfxr^v as active, sigydd'ov,

Msch. Eum. 566. Verbal eigxiios, Soph. Aj. See also iigyci), egya, 1250.

eigeco (sigco)^

to

say,

tell,

part. fem. stgevaac (con-

Theog. 38. Epic and Ionic for EPOMAI, to ask, II. 1, 553 ; Herod. 3, 64 ; 4, 76; imperf. slgofxr^v, Herod. 1, 30 ; Pind. 1, 27: Olym. 6, 83 fut. sig^do/xai, Odys. 4, 61. etgvco, for igvo, to draw, fut. dgvaco {ca), Apol. 1,
eigofjiai rarely

tracted from dgiovaat), Hes.

eigiofiai,

aor. sigvaa {ao), sigvaa, sigvaov, sigvaai, stgvms, II. 3, 373 ; Mosch. 4, 116 ; Soph. Trach. 1034; Herod. 1, 141; 2, 38; perf. pass, slgvfiai and el'gvafiac, II. 13, 682; 14,75; Odys. 8, 151: pluperf. pass, slgvfiriv (v), II. 18, 69; aor. pass, eigva&r^v, Hippocr. Mid. 14, 30 slgvofjiai (v), to draw to one's self, move, rescue, deliver, protect, guard, II. 21,588: fut. elgvao:

687

fiac (aa),

II.

18,

276

aor.

mid. stgvadfxr^v, etgvII.

aatixr^v (do),

143;

1,

dgvaaad'ai (oo), slgvadiievog, 216; Herod. 4, 8.

8,

Op. 81G.

slQVfisvctL {y\ pres. infin. Epic, as if from sigvfiii Hes. sigvaxtti {v), pres. pass. 3 plur. for elgwiai, II. imperf. 3 sing. l'1, 239 : infin. sigva^cci, Odys. 23, 82 QVTo, II. 16, 542 3 plur. si'Qvvro, II. 12, 454 : all imply-

ing siQVfii. The forms elgvarui, fi'Qvro, and u'qvvto must not be confounded with the corresponding persons of the In two instances the perf. perfect and pluperfect passive. pass. 3 plur. si^vuTaL has v short; II. 4,248; Odys. 6,

265.
sigo)

(EPS2), to say, tell, not Attic in the present and imperfect, Odys. 2, 162: fut. igsa, igco, II. 1, 76; Soph. Tyr. 276: fut. mid. igovfiai, dm-

sxxX

135

govfiai, will refuse, allied to aTtsLTtdfjirfv in sense, See also EIUSl. Anthol. 12, 120.

HQco (EPJl), to join^ connect in order, bind, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 10: aor. etga, Herod. 3, 87: perf. Bigxa, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 10: perf. pass, slgfiai.

Epic
18,
fjLTfv,

ssgiiai, Ionic I'^^uaf, Call. frag.

296

190 ; Herod. 4, Odys. 15, 460.

it

pluperf. pass.

140 Odys. Epic Ug;

afiaQT^asi, xQ^ixdasi. In the latter belongs to this verb in the former, dfiag^ unless the reader chooses to change dfiagji^Tijast, to tQQOi asi into dvagn^asi from dvagidai. Its original theme was Ff^a), connected with slgi^vf]f Compare Latin sero. JEolic feiQrjvci.

Hesychius has avsQafi,

'

sense, xQSfidash

elgcoricj,

Ionic for igoTda, to ask.

itoTcco (sLxco), to liken,

think

like,

compare, to make

similar,
II.

assimilate, causative of elxco, to be like,

3, 197; Horn. Hym. 3, 109: imperf. ritaxov and s'Caxov, Odys. 4, 247; 9, 321. Mid. perf. 2 sing, rji^ai equivalent to sotxas, thou art like, Eurip. Ale. 1063; 3 sing. rjixTai, jigoaTJixiai, in Hesychius pluperf. 3 sing, jjixxo and sCxto equivalent to iaxsi, resembled, Odys. 4, 796 See also '(axo, rithxco. 13, 288 ; II. 23,' 107.

SLod'a, see

sd'co,

ixdtBofiL, see di8oi.u,

ixxXi^aid^a (ixxkr^ala, ex, xakio), to call an assembly, imperf. i^exkr^oia^ov and ixxXriata^ov, Lysias,
5, 3,

Xen. Hel. 2 aor. s^axXrjalaaoL and i^sxxXriaiaaa, Dem. 577 Thuc.

also i^exxXr^diatov,

493; Dem. 315;

16:
fut.

ExxXrfciLd6o,

Thuc.

7,

8,

93.

All the manuscripts of Thucydides, except one, have i^sxxXijalaaav, with xh. According to Schneider, $sxxXrjala^ov comes from i^sxxXrjaid^o), to meet in an assembly out of the usual place. These forms evidently follow the analogy of ivsyyvtt6fir,v, ivsyyvrjoa, from iyyvdatf that is,

they repeat the preposition.

136

sxxQ

^^X9^ G^f X9^^)^ Ionic for the common djzo/grf, fut. ixxQ^Gsiy Herod. 3, 137 aor. e^s^Q'^^^y Herod. 8, 70. ikavva, sometimes ikdco Poetic, to drive, Odys. 1 0, 83: fut. ikdocD (a), iXo, Herod. 1, 77; Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 20: aor. r/Aatfa, Xen. Anab. 1, 10, 15: perf. i^TJldxa, Arist. Nub. 828: perf. pass. ikjjkafxai, and eXr(Xa(j^aL Ionic, Soph. Aj. 275; Hippocr. pluperf. pass. iXtiXdfxtfv and riXtfldfji'^v, II. 4, 135; 5, 400: aor. pass, ^kd&riv (a), and '^Xda&f^v Ionic, Arist. Eccl. 4 ; Herod. 3, 54 aor. mid. ^kaadfitfv transitive, II. 681. Verbal ikaTsog, Xen. Mag. Eq. 2, 7.
: :

5,

ildav, pres. infin. Epic, protracted from ilav (eXdeiv), U. iXocoai, fut. 3 plur. protracted from iXmat 366; 13, 27. Odys. 7, 319. {eXdaovai, eXdovoi), II. 13, 315 iXdaaxov and iXdsaitov, imperf. iterative, Apol. 1, 733. 1156; 4,

77.

fXdaaaas,
perf.

aor.

sing, iterative,

fjiBvog,

pass. part,

Arat. Phaenom. 176. iXriXddaxo, pluperf. pass. 3 plur. Epic, {or iXiqXavTo, Odys. 7, 86; written also iQTjQidaxo.

II. 2, 199. iXrjXd-with the accent on the antepenult,

Compare
aXBofiai

darixidaiaL,

from

dxa%l^(a.

iiXSofiai, to desire, Epic, II. 5, 481 ; imperat. 3 sing. hXdiad^a passively, II. : 16, 494: imperf. iskSofiriv, Odys. 4, 162.

and

13,*638

We may suppose that its original form was fsXdo^uh connected with ^ovXo^ai, Latin volo^ velle, English will. The second form itXdofiai is analogous to iiXno^ai for I'Atto^ai, which see.
ikiyx^, to examine, refute, confute, convict, fut. sXsyio, Arist. Ran. 908 : aor. r^Xsy^a, Eurip. Heracl. 404 : perf. pass. iXrjksyfjiai and rjXsyfiai,
Plat.
xB^riv,

Leg. 7, 12; Dem. 496: aor. pass. i^XiyThuc. 3, 64. Verbal iXsyxxsos, Plat. Leg.

10, 13.

iXsXi^a (iXeXiv), to raise a tear -cry, to shout iXsXev, Xen. Anab. 1, 8, 18: aor. iksh^a, Call.

eAxfi)

137

Mid. iXsXi^ofxai, to mowrn, Eurip. Del. 137. Hel. 1111 ; Arist. Av. 213. ikeUtci) (iUaaco), to twirl rapidly, to wheel around rapidly, cause to tremble, shake, Epic, Pind. Olym. 9, 21 ; Horn. Hym. 28, 9 : aor. IAiAt|a, aor. pass. iksXi^d^riv as middle, II. 5, II. 1, 530 497; 6, 109: aor. mid. ikeXt^dprfv, to whirl one's self, coil one^s self, IL 2, 316.
:

iXiXixroy imperf. or 2 aor. mid. 3 sing, syncopated,

II.

13,558; 11,39.

EAETSn, EATSn, EA0SI,

:

see %o^at. iXiaao or IXltxco, to roll, twirl, fut. eXi^ca, Eurip. aor. elli^a, Xen. Ages. 2, 11 Phoen. 711 perf.
:

pass, sihyfiai, later iXrjhyp,ai, Hes.

Theog. 791 aor. pass. elXix^riv^ Eurip. Taur. 444. Mid. kXlaaopaL, to roll or turn one^s self, II. 8, 340 fut. iXi^ofxai, II. 17, 728: aor. siXi^dpj^v, II. 12, See also elXiaao. 408 13, 204.

Its original

form was fsXiaow, hence ytXi^m,

yBlixt),

in

Hesychius.

Compare

dlo).
II.

iXxio, for elxa, imperf. ikxsov,

iXxijaa,
II.

17,

22, 336: aor. '^Ixt^aa, Odys.

395: fut. 580;

II. 17, 558: aor. pass. part. iXxtfO^ets, II. 22, 62. klxo and 'EAKTS2, to draw, attract, pull, fut. I'a|g}, eXxvoo, Arist. Eq. 710; Hippocr. aor. eiXxifaa, later slX^a, Arist. Nub. 540 Orph. Argon. 260: perf. alxvxa, Dem. 60: perf. pass. eiXxvafiat, Thuc. 6, 50: aor. pass. slXxvad^riv, Verbal iXxvaiios, Xen. Ages. Arist. Eccl. 688. Mid. klxofiai transitively, II. 17, 136; 9, 4. 1,210: imperf. dXxopriv, Odys. 19, 506: aor.
:

lXxvadp,ffv, Anthol. 7,

287.

sXXitvaa, sXxvao}aL (v), 11. 17, 558, now read sXytrjaovat from sXiciai' infin. kXxvaai, Herod. 7, 167: part. kXxvaavTc? (v), Apol. 1,955.

The

original

theme was

paxw

or

fEAJiH, hence

12*

138
yikXai, in
(oAjcoV),

skna)
Hesychius. English pull.

Compare Latin

vello,

vellico,

sulcus

eXno, to cause to hope, give hope, Epic, Odys. 2 perf. aoXna as present middle, / hope, 2, 91 11, 20, 186 2 pluperf. acaXTteLv as imperfect midMid. lAhoped, was hoping, II. 19, 328. dle, I Tto^ai and iikrcofxaL, to hope, expect, II. 7, 199 ; 10, 105; Herod. 2, 11; opt. hknotixrjv, II. 8, 196 imperf. eXno^riv and isXnofiriv, II. 10, 355; In Attic prose ikni^o, to hope. 12, 407. The original form was fsXno), fsXTTOfiui, s^eXnofxar
: :

compare
eXnid,

ysTig (iXnig),

in

for

sXnid', iXnidu,

Hesychius also IlsXnid, that is in the Sigean inscription. Com;

pare also the English help.

iXaelv, see egxofxai.

EAT0S2,
JSATS2

see egxoiiai, (slXo), Epic, aor. pass. iXva&t^v,

was com'
rolled, at-

pressed,

drawn up together, pushed, Odys. 9, 433: tached to, II. 23, 393
;

part,

ikv-

ad-eis, prostrate,

suppliant,
1

034.

See

II.

crouching in the attitude of a 24, 510 ; stretched out, Apol. 1,

was p.i TIL.

also elkvcD.

The

original form

Compare
sl'Aw,

the derivative

yiXovTQov, Latin volvo.

Compare

also

hXlauw,

EA^,
'EASl,

to roll^ see blXo,

to take,

see algico,
eiikao^ai,
:

ijisc), to

HipEpic pocr. ; iEsch. Eum. 730 Ach. 6 ; II. 14, 437; Hes. also rjfir^aa, Arist. Theog. 497: perf. ifijjfxsxa later, Lucian. Lexiph. ^21: pluperf. ifisfisxsiv later, Diogen. Laert. 6, 4 perf. pass. ifXTJfieoixai later, jEIian. Var. Hist.
vomit,
fut. iixiao,

ifxovfiai,

aor. rjfisaa

(aa),

13, 22.
It is etymologically

connected with the Latin vomo.

II.

i^Ttd^ofiai, to care about, Epic,

ilJLTta^o^rfv,

16,

50:

imperf.

Odys.

3,

553.

even
ifiTioXdc) (ifXTtoXrj,
sell,

139
to traffic,

iv,

ncoXico),
:

Soph. Trach. 93
:

fut. ifiTtoXrjaco,

buy and Soph. Phil.

perf.
r^fi-

303

aor. rffXTioXtfcfa, Arist. Pac.

563

ttoAt^xoc, later

i^TtenoXr^xa, Soph. Aj.

1
:

978
1,

LuIonic

cian.

Catapl.

perf.

pass.

ri^noXri^ai,

iixnokrifiai,

Soph. Antig. 1036; Herod.

to
kill,

1.

ivaigo

{ENAPSl),

Poetic,

U. 8,

296:

aor. rjvagov. Soph. Antig.

10, 27.

Mid.

871

Pind.
II.

Nem.
92;
II.

ivaigofxai,

transitive,

16,

Odys.
6, 43.

19,

263:

aor. Ivt^^w^t^v

unaugmented,

ivagi^a (evaga), to slay, despoil, Poetic, fut. ivagiaor. ivdgi^a unaugmented, and |o, II. 20, 339 Soph. Col. 1733; Anacr. Epigr. 15: rivagiaa, aor. pass. perf. pass, ^vagidfiai, Soph. Aj. 26 ^sch. Choeph. 347. rivagiad^riv, ivavco, see avo, to kindle, ENErKSl, see (pegcD. SI, 2 perf. ivrjvod'a, to sit, rest upon, only in composition, inevTJvo&s, xarsvrjvoB's, Epic, II.
: :

E NEB
2,

219;
;

10,

134; Hes. Scut. 269; Odys.

3,

8,

365

Horn.

Hym.

62

4,

280.

The form ivrjvo^s is a new imperfect, as from evrjvo^w, with the exception of two passages, Odys. 8, 365, and Hym.
3, 62.

Compare

avrjvo&sv,

agrjQSv,

dtldis,

fiifxasv, ef^sfirjxoy,

TtTsvx^Tov,

TivxM.

from ANEOJl, aQaQluxw, dlw, MAfL, fitjudofim, Apol. 4, 276, insvrjvo&e, had elapsed as time.
^

ENEIKSl, ENEKSl,
ivsTtco

see

(pigo),

and ivvinco rarely

to
tell,

iviTiTca

(EIIJ2, ENIIISl,
II.

ENIZnSl),

say, Poetic,

11,

643;

Odys. 1,1; Pind. Pyth. 4, 358 ; imperf. bvstiov and evvBTtov, Call. Dion. 158; Pind. 1, 137: fut. evi\^o and iviamjaa, Odys. 2, 137; 5, 98 2 aor.
:
'

evLOTiov, iviajtco, ivicfTtoifxi^ bvlctis, iviajtstv,

II.

2,

80

11,

The
with

470; Eurip. Sup. 435. present iviTtra must not be confounded 838;
14, 107.

ivLTtxco, to chide.

140
Hes. Theog. 369,
ivevinelv.
for

V7fv
ivlanuv or ivianuv, Goettling has

According
or

EMnSl
',

after the

{ninovd-a)

Buttmann, the theme EI7II became ENnSL analogy of HAOJl (nEOfi), nENQJl XAJSl, XANA SI {yiixavda) ylABSL, (AANBSl)
to
;

AAMBSl
came

{iXdfi(f&r)v).

iven(a.

Observe

By

inserting

before n,

ENDSl

be-

that the Latin

inquam has the same

relation to ENIIfL or EMUSl, that quinque has to nsfine. Others suppose that it is compounded of the preposition iv and EnH. But the form ivvento (vv) goes against this hypothesis, inasmuch as it cannot be satisfactorily shown that compare eivdhog, elvoiv in composition ever doubles the v
;

Further, (never iwdXiog, ivvodiog,) for ivocXiog, ivodiog. as EJIJI WSLS ^ Ell Sty the compound ivinm, that is tv Fcttw, ought generally, if not always, to have a long antepenult.
diogj

ivrjvo&a, see
ivd-siv,

ENE9JI.
d^vjios),

^v&ov, see agx^fxai.

(iv,
to reflect upon, consider, Lysias, 415: perf. ivied'vixri'

ivd^v^iofxat

fut. ivd^v^rjaofxai,

fiat actively,

Plat.

Cratyl.

sometimes passively, Thuc. 1, 120; 45 aor. pass, ived'vfirj&tfv, Xen.

:

Mem.

1, 1, 17.

ivLTtro, to say, see evino.

ivima and
590;
11.

hiaao)
15,

chide, upbraid, reproach,

{ENinSl, ENIUAIISI), to Poetic, jEsch. Agam.

aor. ivsvinxov or svivtaTZov,
II.

198: 2
II.

written also ivivJnov,

rjviTtdnoi^ (i),
2,

245.

Not

15,

546

to

also 23, 473 be confounded

;

with iviTtTo, to say.

We
NIKJl

suppose, with Buttmann, that the theme

vslxog,
vsixsat,

ENinSl

is

connected with
after

and that it was formed from the analogy of i&sXm from &sXo}, &c.

see eveno). ivvina, see ivsito,

evviffjLL

ENIZnSl,

and ivvvo (ESI),

clothe, Poetic, fut.

to put on another, to kaa (da), Odys. 15, 338: aor.

k'aa (aa), e'aaov, eaoai^ eaoag,

Odys.
one's

14,
self,

154. 396.

Mid.

II.

5,

905
6,

16,

evvvfiac, to

670 put on

clothe one^s self,

Odys.

28

imperf.

enav
ivvvf.ir^v,

141
aaofiai (aa),

Odys.
: :

5,

229

fut.

Pind.

and eaixai, Odys. 19, 72 ; 24, 250 pluperf. k't^fxr^v and iiafirfVy II. 3, 57; 12, 464: aor. iad^riv (ao), and hadfir^v, II. 20, 150; 10, 334. 23.
11, 21
perf. sifiat

Nem.

svvva&
Herod.

eXvvov, xaTusivvov,
ai,

covered, imperf. Epic,

pres. infin.
for

II.

23, 135.
flyio,
II.

4, 64.

eXaio,
(?),

snislvva^ai,

inisvvva^ai,

pluperf.

mid. 3 plur. for

18, 596. The original

{sa&i^g),

theme was fEJl, hence ysl^gov,

English
vest.

yififiaia,

ysaxla, yEOTQu, yrj/ua, ^iatov or ^etiov.

Compare Latin

vestis

velum

ENOOS2,

to shake, agitate, hence the noun svoais, and the compounds ivoatx&ov, ivoalyaios, stvoaicpvXlov, formed with respect to the first component part (ivocd-) after the analogy of doxrioi-

ao(pog, Srf^L&vijLOs, Taga^ixdgdios.

(iv, 6%Xos), to annoy, vex, imperf. '^vtoxXovv, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 56 fut. ivoxXi^oa, Bion, 16, 7: aor. ^vco;^Xr^aa, Dem. 405: perf. r^vcox^ri' xa, ^vco^^rff^oih Dem. 515. 242. ivTsXXofiai, to enjoin, request, see ziAAo.

ivo^^kso

i^axiaag, see dxiofiau eoXrirai, ioXtfio, see slXbcd, iogrd^o, Ionic ogrd^co, to celebrate a festival, Herod.
2,

60 imperf. lo'^rafov, Isoc. 392 fut. iogidaco, Herod. Vit. Hom. 29 aor. iSgtaaa, iogjdaai, Arist. Ach. 1079.
:
:

iTtaiveo, see atv ico,

ijtaivico,

see alvico,

inavgiaxa and inavgioi (ijii, SI), to enjoy, hit, Poetic and Ionic, Theogn. Ill; Hes. Op. 417: 2 aor. inoLvgov, sjiavgco, iTtavgsiv, Pind. Pyth. 3, 65; II. 13, 649; 11, 573. Mid. i7iavgtaxo(xai, to enjoy, have the advantage or disadvantage, to profit by, II. 13, 733 fut. aTtavgrjaor. inavgdiiriv, inavgaa&at, aofiai, II. 6, 353

ATP


142
:

STtlfX

Hippocr. 2 aor. ijirivgofir^v, ijtavgso, Eurip. Hel. 469; U. 15, 17 ; Find. Nem. 6, 89. iTtii^iXofiat and iTtifxskiofiai (ijii, ^iA), to take care of, care for, fut. iTtifisXijaofxai, Xen. Cyr. 5, perf. pass. iTtifisfiilrffiat, Thuc. 6, 41 4, 22 aor. iTtsfxskrj&riv, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 15: fut. pass.
^
:

STtifxskr^&ijaofxat equivalent to inifis^'tjaofjiai,

Xen.

Mem.

2, 7, 8.

Verbal inciish^Tios, Xen.

to

Mem.

2, 1, 28.

inidTa^aL
learn,

know, wider standi and imperfect, imperf. '^TtiOTdfir^v, Soph. Col. 927: fut. i7tioTrjaoiA,at, Arist. Nub. 991: aor. ^Trttfr?!d^^v, Herod. 3, 15.
inflected like laiafiat in the present
:

{Eni2TAl),

inlara Epic inlaTtj, pres. ind. 2 sing, for enlajaaah ^sch. Eum. 86; Theogn. 1081 subj. Ionic iniatibiifiay for iTilaiMfiai, Herod. 3, 134. rimatiaTo or iniaxiato^
imperf. 3 plur. Ionic for rinlaxavxo, Herod. 8, 88. 97. The accent of the present subjunctive and optative is thrown as far back as possible; as iniaxriTai, inlaiija&s, iniatcovtat'

imoTaio, inlaTUixo, iniaxaia&s, iniaxaivxoThis verb is derived from the substantive Eni2TH2 (equivalent to indaxmQ, knower), compounded of ini and

I2TH2
fiai),

from
(vaia)

/z/J2.

Compare svx^do^m from

and
axdojxaL

svxhrig (v^o-

from from axt] {AAIL), daxiofiai from Saxriq (JAJI), (StaaxQEO) from ^oaaxriQ {^odco), iXaBut as IJSl was originally axQio) from iXaoxi^g {iXdrn). fl//Sl, it is natural to suppose that the original form of inlIn fact, the nouns eniiaxfaQf intlaxufiUL was sni ^taxotfAui. Others consider dfitav imply sniFtoxoiQ, Brtifidfxcav. it as a modification of icplaxafiai from icplaxrjfXL (eTtl, Xaxtjfii), and compare it with the English understand (under, stand), German verstehen {stehen). It seems, however, that iniatafiai is no more related to Xaxa^aL than polite is to noXixrjg. Others, by a series of arbitrary changes derive it from Vaafit as follows I'arifii, pass. I'aafim, by inserting x before , Buttmann, in his Lexilogus, hence iniaxafiai. laxafittL, proposes a new theme beginning with n, but not connected
xXaaxata

from xXdaxtjg (xAaw,

also axsa

to break), vaisxdco

vaiixriQ

with nlaxig (ttc/^w).

iniTdaao, see

ToiaciG).


ine^
iTtiTsXXo), see TeXXa, innoadai, see Tvy^^dvcD,

143

En2^
ETtco,

to say, see

EIUSl,

ivinco,

to be

employed, be

after'

any
2,

thing,
9,

II.
II.

6,

321

imperf. SLTtov,

Xen. Mem.

2,

aor. eajtov, ajtstv, otkov,

Herod.

1,

73.

Mid.

207

Bizofiai, to
fir^v,

be after, simply to follow, imperf. sItcoThuc. 5, 60: fut. sifjofiai. Soph. Aj. 814:

aor.

0710 V,

ansa&ai,

(kdTto^riv) sjt'SdTiofxrfv, ancofiaL, ajioifiriv, ano^ivos. Find. Pyth. A, 2'61 \

Herod.
.

1, 32; Plat. Theset. 67; Eurip. Phcen. 426; Pind. Pyth. 4, 70. Mid. also sanofxai

(compare diddaxo), dXvaxo,

etaxcn),

Odys. 4,826;

soKa^ai, Pind. Olym. 8, 15 ; opt. ioTiOLfirfv, Pind. Olym. 9, 123 ; Pyth. 10, 26; imperat. iamad^a, II. 12, 350; infin.
29, 12
;

Hom. Hym.

subj.

eaneadai,

Pind.

Isth.
II.

5,

26
;

imperf. ianofiffv

Soph. Trach. 563. The compound nsgLSTtG) has also pass. TrsgdTtofjiai, to be handled, treated, imperf. nsguinoXen. Hel. 3, 1, 16: fut. nBgdipoixai as fir^v, passive, Herod. 2, 115; 7, 149: aor. TtsgUcpdr^v, Herod. 6, 15.
usually as aorist,
3,

239

inEOicov, icpsTifaytov, imperf. iterative, Odys. 12, 330. tfTTcto, 2 aor. imperat. 2 sing, for anov (aneo),l\. 10, 285. kansad-ai, infin. from eanofiai, with the accent on the penult (?), II. 5, 423. The present ionofiai, is suspected by some critics. The imperfect kanofifjv is usually considered a second aorist with the anomalous augment - for i-. The dependent moods Eontofiat, saTrolfirjv, sania&o), 'ianfa&ai or kania&aLy kanofisvog are generally subjoined to ianofiriv. But the rough breathing of the augment; the necessity of admitting that this augment remains through all the moods and the accent of the infinitive I'onea&ai (also eonia&ai 1), seem to go against this arrangement. Further, the meaning of kanofxr^v and the dependent moods euTitafiai, eanoljXTjv, &c. is not always ao-

ristic.

The

mid. snofiai

is

etymologically connected with the

144

egafjL
I'ttw

Latin sequor, English seek, French suivre. The active may be connected with the Latin opus, opera.

egafxai, Poetic for igdco,

inflected like laiafiai,

II.

3,

446; Pind. Pyth. 11, 75: imperf. i^gdfn^v, Pind. Pyth. 3, 34: aor. rigdodfirfv (aa), II. 14, 317; 20,223.
:

l'^Tt, subj. 3 sing. Doric, analogous to XaxT^rai, dvvrjrai, opt. igalfiav, Doric, Pind. Pyth. 1 1, 76. Pind. Pyth. 4, 164 bqueg ax a I, indie. 3 sing, for iqaxm, Theoc. 2, 149. aa&, imperf. 2plur. protracted from igcia&s {'^gdsads), Epic, II. 16, 206.

igda

(a), to love, desire, be passionately fond of, Bion, 16, 8: imperf. figaov, Xen. Ages. 3, 1:

aor. pass. T^gdadr^v as active.

Soph. Aj. 967

fut.

pass, igaadrjaoixat as active,

^sch. Eum. 852. Pass, igdoiiai, to be loved, not very common, Xen. Conv. 8, 3; Eurip. Troad. 1052. See

also sgafiai,
igdcj,

only

in

composition,
:

i^sgdo, to pour out,

Arist.

Athen. 6, 94 Ach. 341.

slgyatofxr^v
:

aor. i^TJgaaa,

Vesp. 993

igyd'Co^ai (sgyov,
fut.

EPFQ),

to work, do, imperf. igydaouai. Soph. Aj. 109: perf.

eigyaafiai actively or passively, Arist. Plut. 1113; Soph. Tyr. 1369 aor. pass, elgyda&riv always
:

passive,
fir^v,

Xen. Mem. Thuc. 3, 39.

4,

1,

4,

aor.

mid. elgyaad-

egyvvfjLi (sgyco), idigyvvfit, for sigyvvfiL, elaBlgyvv^i,

Herod.

69

imperf. kigyvvv,
egdco.

Odys.

10, 238.

EPrSl,
sgycD, the

to do,

see

theme of
aor.

sigyvviii, to shut in, confine, not

fut.

found
Aj.

in

the present,

593:

I'^|a or

sg^a,

%|, ^vveg^co, Soph. Odys. 14, 411;

egy^iai,
II.

Herod. 3, 136: perf. pass, 2, 123: aor. pass. %<9?^v,

also iigyo,
egxon^oii, perf.

Hom. Hym.

21, 282.

See
II.

pass.

plur.

(for sQxvtm),

Epic,

16,

sgi

145
pluperf. pass.

481
II.

Odys. 10, 283.

I>^to,

plur. Epic,

17, 354.

eg^^o)

{EPFAOSl), the original form of ugyo), to shut out^ exclude, debar, prevent, Herod. 3, 48 Odys. 3, 296 : aor. sg^a, in composition ciusg^a,
2,

pass, sgyixai^ ansgy^ai^ sgya&ov, II. 1 1, 437 2 aor. 2, mid. igyad^ofiriv, igyd&ov, transitive, iEsch. Eum. 666 fut. mid. sg^ofiai as passive, Soph. Tyr.. 890. See also iegya.

Herod. Herod.
:

124: 99 2
:

perf.

aor.

It

seems

to be etymologically connected with the Latin? to ugxeta,

it

arceo.
eQytj

As

and arceo.

See

also

probably has aU^w.

little

or no relation tO'

egda and sg8a}

(EPFJl),
10,

to do, sacrifice,

Poetic

503; .Esch. Sept. 233: imperf. i'gdov and egdov, 11. 1, 315 Herod. 9, 103:; fut. k'g^o. Soph. Phil. 1406: aor. sg^a, iEsch. Sept. 924: 2 perf. eogya, II. 2, 272: 2 pluperf.. iSg/siv, Ionic iogyea, Odys. 4, 693; Herod. 1, 127. See also gei^w,
and
Ionic,
II.
;

tgdiaxov, imperf. iterative, Odys. 13, 350. togyuv,. 2 perf. 3 plur. for iogydai, Horn. Batr. 179 with the ending
;

of the

first aorist.

original theme was ^EPTSl, hence ^aqyov, in the Elean inscription ya^tqyoQ, in Hesychius. Compare Eng;

The

lish

work^

German Werk.

igssivo (igio), to ask. Epic,

kgsBLvov, Odys.
active,
4,

137.

Mid.
Call.

II.

6,

45

imperf.

igesivofiai

as

Odys. 17, 305.

Del.

igsida, to prop, fut. egsiaco,

rjgsiaa.

234:

aor.

Soph. Antig. 1236: aor. pass, rigeiodijv^ as middle, II. 7, 145. Mid. igsldofiai, to lean upon, II. 14, 38: perf. ygsLOfiai and igrjgsiofiai, Plat. Loc. 5; Herod. 4, 152: aor. i^gstodfi^Vy

II.

5,

309.

iQi]Qi8aTai and eQi^QsivraL, perf. raid. 3 plur. Epic, II. 23, 284; Apol. 2, 320: pluperf. 3 plur. iotjoidaxo andi 13


146
perf.

egsi

r^Qrigtiarai, rjg^QSivTo, Odys. 7,95; Apol. 3, 1397. pluperf. 3 sing. mid. 3 sing. Orph. Argon. 1142 riqriQBioro, II. 3, 358.
:

igsLxco

(EPIKSl),

to rend,

tear,

burst, break in
;

pieces, aor. rjgsL^a,

also rjgi^oi, Hippocr.

Arist.
:

Vesp. 649
frag.

frag.

88

perf. pass. igtjgiyfiaL,

Hipis

pocr.

aor. rjgixov.

Soph.
to

184

i^gixov

commonly

intransitive,

be

rent,

torn,

burst,

broken in pieces, II. 17, 295. It may possibly be connected with

Q^yvvfii.

'PAFSl, the theme of

(Compare

igeina),

from qlnxM.)

iguTia

{EPinSl),
4,

to

cast down,
7,

overthrow,

fut.

igsiyja,

Pyth.
perf.

Xen. Cyr. 469: perf.

sing.

4,

aor. rjgsiipa, Pind.

pass.

igTJgsLiifxathter: pluII.

15 2 aor. 47: 2 aor. pass. part. igiTzivzi, Pind. Olym. 2, 76 2 perf. igjjgLTta, intransitive, to have fallen, 11 14, 65 aor. mid. dvrfgsiijjdfirfv Epic, impelled upwards, carried off, Odys. 1, 241.
pass. 3

igigcnTo,

14,

TJgiTiov intransitive, to fall

down,

II.

5,

It is

probably connected with qlmw,

gini].

Igtvyo^ai, Epic and Ionic for igvyydvo, II. 15, fut. igsv^ofiat, Hippocr. perf. sgEvy^ai, 62 1 Hippocr. See also Igvyydvco, igev&co and igv&alvc) (EPTGSl), also igvdgaivo) (igvdgog), to redden, II. 11, 394; 10,484; Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 4: aor. sgsvoa, igsvoai, and igvdi^va, II. 18, 329; Apol. 1, 79i: 2 aor. pass. opt. igsvdsLTfv, Hippocr.
:

German

Etymologically connected with the English red, ruddy, roth, and perhaps with the Latin ruber. For the commutation of &, b, and d, compare ov&ag, Latin uber, English udder.

igsG), to ask,

Epic,

II.

7,

128
1,

not to be confounded
stgca,

w ith igio, the

future of
II.

to

say,

Mid.

igioixac as active,

332.

sgg a

147

fQflofifv, s\}h']. 1 plur. Epic for iQSMfxsv, II. 1, 62: imperat. eqsio (f'^iso), for the common (qov, II. 11, 611.

igidaivo)

and igiB^alvco,
12, 31
:

for

igii^o,

II.

1,

574;
:

Theoc.
mid.

aor. igldriva,

Apol.
II.

1,

89

aor.

in fin.

igtSrjaaoOaL as active,

23, 792.

4,

II. 16, 260, igidfiatva, to provoke, igt^o, to contend, quarrel, fut. igtaofiai,

80:

aor. rjgiaa,

Xen. Ages.
4,

1, 6.

Mid.

Odys.

igi^o-

fiat as active.

Find. Isth.

49
fut.

perf.

igijgtafiai

as present, Hes. frag. 152.

EPOMAI,
Soph.
As

to ask,
:

question,

igijaofiat,

Xen.

2 aor. ygo^iriv, sgcofiat, igoifir^v, Hel. 4, 5, 6 igov, igea&ai^ igoi^ievog, Eurip. Orest. 874
Phil.
igcoTOLco.

See

576.

The

rest

is

borrovv^ed from

also sigofxai, to ask.

the 2 pers. of the subjunctive of this verb is found in prohibitions, it is cJear that the dependent moods belong to the aorist tjqoiaijv, and not to the present EPOMAI.
after
fxri

Arist.

Ran. 434-5,

firj^iv

^a^gav ansX&jjg,

fxtjd^

av&ig

sgnvtco, for SgitG)^

II.

23,

225

aor.

signvaa^ Arist.

Theoc. 22, 15. egito, to creep, crawl, imperf. ugnov^ Soph. Tyr. 83 fut. Sgxpco, iEsch. Eum. 500. Etymologically connected with the Latin serpo. Compart, igjtvoas (v),
:

Ran. 488;

pare

%QQ(a.

sggo {EPSl),
fut.

go away., go to destruction, perish, Vesp. 1329: aor. rjggrfaa, Arist. Ran. 1192; also tgaa, dnosgaa, causative, to force or sweep away, wash or hurry away, II. 6, 348; 21, 283. 329: perf. riggriTca, Arist.
to
eggijaco,

Arist.

Thesm. 1075.
(SiXQQsT,

fEPSl or FfQQ(, hence (SeQQtjg, Hesychius; (Sig^jg, ^tgTjdivH, in the Etymologicum Magnum. The Epic anof'gari (^ ), anou) were probably wtt op F /?> anoffsg^ EQOsiE (v/ In its usual acceptation it corresponds a ELS, respectively.
original
^sQQfvsi, in

The

theme was

4*

48

(Qvy
it

with the Latin erro ; as a causative verb, connected with verro {to sweep away).

seems

to be

igvyyavo {EPTFSl), to erud, disgorge, Eurip. Cycl. 523: 2 aor. ijgvyov, Arist. Vesp. 913.
It is an onomatopyy etymologically connected with the Latin erugo, ructo.

igvOalvco and sgv&gaLvcD, see igsv&c), igvxdvo and igvxavda), for igvxoy Odys.
1,

10,

429

199.

igvxco

{EPTKAKSl),
fut.

impede, Poetic,

long igv^o,
:

v, to
II.

keep back^ detain^

8,

178

aor. ijgv^a,

Xen. Anab.
321.
igvc9

Mid.
to
fut.
:

aor. rigvxdxov {y), II. 5, 5, 8, igvxofiaL as active, Theogn. 1207.

25

(if)

258:

The forms
elgva,
infin.

15, 351 Mid. igvofxai, to draw to one^s Odys. 8, 61. to draw, move, rescue, deliver, protect, guard, self, fut. igvaofiac (oo), imperf. igijofxriv, II. 6, 403 also igvofjiai without the o, II. Odys. 21, 125; aor. egvod^riv (aa), II. 1, 466; 4, 530. 14, 422

draw, pull, Epic, imperf. egvov, II. 12, egvco {v), without the a, 11. 11,454; aor. agvoa {ao), II. 1, 459 ; 10, 490 ;

scgvov, sigvaa, sigvfiai,

etgva^ai,

etgvfiriv, slgvad'Tiv,

and

elgvadixr^v are referred to

tgvTcei, pres. mid. 3 sing, from EPTMT, Apol. 2, 1208 8Qva&ai, Odys. 5, 484. eqvuo, imperf. mid. 2 sing, likewise from EPTMI, H. 22, 507; 3 sing, bqvto, II. 4,

138; 3plur. '^qwto, Theoc. 25, 76.

SQVTO as aorist is passive, ivas aaaxs, aor, iterative, U. 10, 490.

confined, watched.

Hes. Theog. 304,

^i;-

The
sg^ofiat

Latin servo seems to be parent of igvco and qvofiai.

solvo, Xvio,

Compare

and sorbeo,

Qocpsa.

{EAETSSl, EATGSl, EAOSl), to come, 2 aor. go, fut. iksv(jOfiai, jEsch. Prom. 854 rjXv&ov Poetic, II. 1, 152; commonly ^kd^ov, eXd-co, sk&oifxi, eXd^B, iXd^uv, iXd^av, to come:
:

perf.

i^kvda, Epic

ihj},ovd'a rarely rilvd-a,

sad^L

149
;

eXr^Xv&otriP,

Soph. Trach. 7

Xen. Cyr.
part.

2, 4,

Epic and iXriXov&as, Odys. 19, 28; II. dlriXovd^as

17;
II.

1,

202; Hes. Theog. 660;

15, 81.

Of the
i]Xv&s

full

form of the second aorist only ^Xv&ov,

rJXv&fg^

are

found.
it is

As

to

rjkv&ofiEP

in Goettiing's

(Theog. 660),

usually edited rjXv&afisv.

for eXtjXvdafisv,

^ikrjXovd^^sv,
Doric
for tjX&ov,

Hesiod

Also eXi]Xvixsv
Hephaest.
1,

perf.

plur. syncopated,
3.

Epic, for iXriXv&a^sv, II. 9, 49. and iXi^Xvzs for iXrjXv-

^T,
for

1,

^v^ov,

aor.

Theoc.

hO

subj. sXam, opt. sXaoifii, part. sXobiv,

Laconian

n^M,

U&oifii, iXdwv, Arist. Lys. 105. 118. 1081.

The present i'gx-ofiai is a modification of EAOSl. For For the change of the commutation of X and q, see uXil^on.

&
igcoj

intOjj-,

compare

ogvi^tg, oQvixfq

'

IIAOSl, ndaxw.

EPSl^
igcosa

see hqco^ sgofiai, and sgga,

see Siga, to tell ; also igico^ to ask. (igcorj, gio), to flow, move, hasten, give ivay, fut. igorjaa, II. 1, 303 : desist, Epic, II. 2, 179
:

opt. 2 plur. igarjaaas ; give way, drive back, II. 13, causative, cause to Theoc. 13, 74, igeorfas, forsook, left, fled 57.
aor. T^gdr^aa,
II.

23,

433

from,
iad'Tfixsvo?, Ionic for rjad'T^fiivog,
iad^icj,
II.

sometimes soda and eSco [^AFSl), to eat, 213; Odys. 9, 75: fut. s^oixai, later idov^ai and (pdyo^ai -saai, Arist. Nub. 129; Athen. 8, 23: perf. ihjBoxa, Xen. Anab. 4,8, 20; Athen. 7, 71 perf. pass. sSTJdsaixat, Epic iSrjSofiai, Plat. Phaedo, 137; Odys. 22, 56: aor. pass. rjSsaOr^v, Athen. 12, 58 2 perf. sStfda Epic, II. 17, 542: 2 aor. ecpayov, Xen. Anab.
24,
: :

4, 8,

20.

s(i{isvai, pres. infin. Epic, syncopated for eds^fvai (I'dsiv),

II.

4, 345.

(payioig,
13*

aor. opt.

sing,

almost barbarous

for qxiyoig,

The

Phocylid. 13, 145. form ta&oi is obtained by annexing

^w

(for the usual

150
e&a) or d&o))

BdTto
'

The thus td-d(o, ta-x^w. to the root of Idco usual form so&Ioj is a prolongation of Ba&a. Its original form was p<5c.), hence y to ij a, in Hesychius compare ytm), <IiAI\fl. It is etymologically connected with
;

the Latin edo, English eat, feed {fed), food, fodder, Saxon
hitan, fedan.

sdTto^ai, see 87to,

ioTTJxco (lajriiiL, eazrixa)^ to standi rare,

Hippocr. de

For iarrjio), iaiTJ^oAer. 25; Athen. 10, 4. fiai, see lajruii, kaxidco (iaita), to give an entertainment, entertain,
feast, fut. iajLoiao (a), Athen. 8, 57 : aor. EiaTLOr aa, Arist. Nub. 1212 : perf. eloicdxa, Dem. 565:
aor. pass. elandOrfv (d),

Dem.

400.

Mid.
1,

iait-

dofiai, to feast,
:

make merry,

intransitive,

Arist.

Vesp. 1218 fut. iandaoiiai, Athen. t6TLafj.at, Herod. 5, 20.

14: perf.

E2SI,

to he, see eiiii

svads, see dvddvco.

svda^ to sleep, imperf

sddov

and
fut.

r^vSov,
evdijaco,

Rhes. 769; Agam. 337.

Plat.

Con v. 29:

Eurip. JEsch.

svegyBjico (sysgyhrf?), to do good, to benefit, imperf. evrigysTBov and svsgyExsov, Xen. Ages. 4, 4 ;

Apol. 26
aor.

avsgysT^oa, Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 7 svYigyhriaa and svegyeTriaa, Lysias, 329 ; Isoc. 52 : perf. svrigyhrixa and svsgyhrixa, Ly:

fut.

curg.

233

Dem. 467

perf.

pass, evrfgyhrifxac
2,
2,

and

svsgysTTffiaL,

Xen. Mem.

478. 469. 1, 28.

Verbal evegyeiriTios, Xen.

Dem. Mem. 2,
;

evvda

(evvrj), to

put

to bed,
fut.

put
:

to sleep,

Epic and

Ionic for svvdtco,

aor. vvrj(fa,

svvrjaco,

Anthol. 10, 26:

pass, evvrjdrfv,

Odys.

4,

440

aor.

rarely

pocr.

Mid.

avvidriv,

as middle, Herod. 6,

evvdofiat,

to

sleep,

69 ; HipSoph. Col.

1571.

s%a
ivgiaxco ( ETPJ2),

151

20

perf.
1,

to find, fut. evgrjaa, Thuc. 5, svgrixa, svgTJxoifjii^ Soph. Tyr. 546 ;

:

Herod.
aor.

44

perf. pass, svgrffxai,

pass, svgidrfv,

Xen. Cyr.

1, 6,

Soph. Aj. 615 40: 2 aor.

Verbal svgr^Tsog, Arist. evgov, Thuc. 4, 44. Mid. svgtaxofiai, to find for one^s Nub. 728. self Xen. Anab. 2, 1,8: fut. fvp7/(yo^a, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 22: perf. svgrifiai, Dem. 1280: 2 aor. svgofxr^v^ later evgdariv, Thuc. 5, 32 ; Apol. 4, 1133; Call. Epigr. 48. ev^o^aij to pray, boast, imperf. rjvxofiriv and ev^ofirfv,Xen. Cyr. 3, 2, 15; Anab. 1, 4, 7: fut. ev^o^uat, Eurip. Andr. 1105: perf. rivy^ai. Plat.

Phaedr.

147:

pluperf.

r^vyfjirfv,

Soph.

Trach.
Aul.

Taur. 21 Hippocr.
;

610: 1603

aor.

r^v^duriv
;

and Odys.

ev^dfir^v,

Eurip.

3, 45.

Verbal svxTeos,
frag, 2, 15.

evxxo, 2

aor. mid.

syncopated, Epic, Horn,

va), to roast, singe,

Odys.

2,

300

aor. svaa,

Odys.
9,

9,

389

perf. pass, evfiai, Tjcpsv^ai,

Athen.

17:

aor. pass, sv&ets, d(pev&6LS, in Suidas.

ix^atga (EXO^FS2),to hate, aor. rj^d'y^ga, Soph. Phil. 59 ; Eurip. Here. 1087: fut. mid. exd^agovVerbal i^^agfiat as passive, Soph. Antig. 93. zsog, Soph. Aj. 679 (written also ix^gavTsos), kx^o^oTtijaai (sx^odonos), to have a noisy contention with, a defective
II.

aor.

inf.

found only once,

1,518.
to

eX^co,

hate.

Poetic, used

Soph. Aj. 459.

only in the present,

14,

Pass,

sx^ofxai,

417: imperf. ^x^ofir^v, Odys. also dnex^dvo^ai.

It

^sch. Agam. 366. See

seems

to

be etymologically connected with the English

hate.

exa

(EXQ, ZXESl, 2XHMI, UXESn),

bIxov,
fut

to

have, imperf.

b^o and gx^oo, Xen.


152
stpcn

Anab.
aor.

3, 5,

1 1 ;

Soph. Elec. 223

perf.

%??xa,
:

Plat. Apol.

5:

perf. pass,

eaxriiiai^

Dem. 1204:
27 2 aor. Xen. Hel.

iax^^riv^ Eurip. Dan. 6. so/ov, a^S, d/otrfv, a^h, o/etv, axcov,

pass,
4, 8,

Cyr.

7, 1,
1,

1013; Thuc.
Poetic, c>x^d(o,
II.

36 II. 21, 309 ; Soph. Elec. 9; Odjs. 1, 157; also aaxeSov

;

a/edoLfzi, a/iOs^

oxsOslv, axsOcov,

12,

184
8,
:

Arist.

Lys. 425

Odys.
6,

537; ^sch.
part.
II.

Eurip. Rhes. 602 ; ; Prom. 16; Pind. Pyth.

19

perf.

(o^oxSg)
2,

found only once,

a^sTios, Arist.

218.
;

avvoxcoxas Epic, Verbal ixjios and

Ach. 259

Plat.

Ph^dr.

126.

Mid. s/ofxai,
of,

to hold one's self, endure, get hold

fut.
;

a^oiiiac

hold by, border upon, imperf. sl/6^riv and 6/rjaoixai, Xen. Anab. 7, 6, 41
perf.
sa/r^fiat,
a^cofiai,

II.

9,

235:

Xen. Anab.

7,

6,

11:

aor. iaxoiiriv,

axol^riv, o/ov, a^sadai,

axofisvog.

Soph. Tyr.
1,

passively^ as Herod.

1387; sometimes used Odys. 3, 284. 31

;

ei'xsf, imperf. 3 sing. Ionic for

sl^^f

Herod.

1,

axs&8Biv,2 aor. infin. Epic for axe&siv, II. 23,466. Anab. 3, 4, 2, didaxf], paroxytone, is referred to
ferred to the

Xen.
diiaxov
'

118.

but diaaxf], perispomenon, the other reading, must be re-

assumed theme 2XIIMI, whence

also oxBg.

It seems to ETKaxoLTo, were closed or defended, II. 12, 340. be a pluperf. pass. 3 plural, Ionic as to form, from EnOXJl,

compounded of
avvox(07i(ag.

ini and

OXSl, whence

also ox^g.

Compare

The
hence

original form
fut, |w,

was 'exSL, with the rough breathing; and the derivatives f'|<?, lyixiog, h^rig, xa&sxiog
:

who
ayjo
2,

But see Rem. 5. 1 {^fl^X) 24. {xard, sxrog). class I'xco with the Latin veho virtually connect ayoi to which veho seems to be related.

Those
it

with

(^EUQ,
13:
aor.
;

nkuxoi), to cook, boil, imperf.

iyjTJaofjiai,

r/i//oi/,

fut. iyjijdco,

Athen.
:

1,

62;

Plat.

Rep.
Arist.

rjxpr^aa,

rarely yxpa,
perf.

avviixpa,

frag.

355
1,

Herod.
I'y/ee,

Athen. 9, 73 188 aor. pass,

:

pass,

'^yjrifiai,

'^iprjd^rfv,
r^ips,

Athen.
1,

3, 58.

imperf.

sing. Ionic for

Herod.

48.

eipov^

ffvv
ai, yad^tipovai, pres. 3 plur. implying e^sw, Eq. 9, 6.
xa5fi//a),

153
Xen.

^i2, to be, see slfxi. 'ESI, to clothe, put on, see Svvv^i, 'ESI, to send, see iti^l, Uco. 'ESI, to seat, place, cause to sit, set, aor. stcfa or a'aa {oo), elaov, soai ((^o), saas and siaag, 11, 2, 549; 13, 657; Odys. 7, 163; Find. Pjth. 4,

486; 5,54; Odys. 10,^361; Herod. 3, 126. Mid. fut. eiao^ai and saofiai (aa), to seat 07ie's II. 9, 455 perf. ^fxat self, to sit, Apol. 2, 807 present, to sit, r/oo, ^ad'ai, rjiJisvog,!], 19, 345; as 3, 406; 1, 134; Eurip. Sup. 355: pluperf. rl^ir^v
;
:

as imperfect, sat, teas sitting,

(yd^rfv

II.

9,

190

aor. si-

and

iadfiriv (ao), isaadfitfv, transitive, to

place, erect, build, k'aaau dadfisvos

and iaodixsvos,

Find. Fyth. 4,363; Odys. 15, 277; 14, 295; Thuc. 3, 58; Herod. 1, 66. also xad^rf-

See

flat, iSgvco,

sat a I and sXctTai, perf. mid. 3 plur. for ^vrai, II. 3, 134; To and biuto, pluperf. mid. 3 plur. for tjvto, 11. 7, 414 3, 149. The original theme was ^EJl, hence pres. mid. imperat. 2 sing, yivvov, in Hesychius. See also s^ofxai.
10, 100.

ecovxai, see d(pk(ovTai, dcpiri^a.

tda (ZHMI), to live, imperat. f^, Srjd-i, infin. ty^^ Soph. Antig. 1169; Anthol. 11, 57: imperf. Itaov, and lt??i/ only in the first person singular, Soph. Elec. 323 ; Eurip. Ale. 295 fut. ^rjaco and ^rjaofiai, Arist. Flut. 263 ; Dem. 794 aor. It^<ya,
:
:

Anthol. 7, 470.

The forms e^rjg and i'^r} (contracted from ilafg, lt) of the imperfect suggested ZHMI, whence the imperative ^^^t, and the new imperfect i^riv.
Uvvvtii-

and Uvvvco^

later for

Uo

transitive.

154
UvyvvixL and Uvyvvco yoke, Xen. Cyr. 8,

^svy

{ZEXm,
5,
1
:

ZTPSl),
^ft/|,
1,

to join,

fut.

iEsch.

Agam. 1640:
sUvyiioLi,

aor. sXiv^a,

Thuc.
:

29

perf. pass.

Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 6 aor. pass. i^sv;^&rfv, Soph. Antig. 947 aor. pass. i^vp]v, Soph. Tyr. Mid. ^evyvv^iaL transitively, ^ev^ofiai, 826. i^svld^ffv, Odys. 3, 492; Eurip. Sup. 1229;

Xen. Cyr.
Compare
It
is

6, 1,

51.
infin.

^evyvvfisv, pres.

Epic

for ^cu/vvVat,

U.

16,

145.

dtdovvaL, Tidri(xivai, from

dido)fxt, Ti&tjjj^i.

etymologically

connected with the Latin jungo,

intransitive, fut. ^sao, jEsch.

jugum, English join, yoke.

ieco, to boil,

commonly

Prom. 370: 1, 59: perf.

aor. s^eoa, Eurip. Cycl.

392; Herod.
:

pass, a^sofio^i, Hippocr.

aor.

pass.
13,

iZia&Tfv later,
foo, rare for ^da, imperf.

^osv (s^oev), Anthol.

21.
^covvv^a

and tovvvca (ZOJl), to gird, fut. ^aaa, aor. Thesm. 255 perf. s^coxa, Anthol. Mid. 9, 778: perf. pass, s^adfiai, Thuc. 1, 6. S6vvvfii reflexive, II. 11, 15: aor. If(ra^?^v, II.
e^coaoL, Arist.
:

14,
fc3,

181.
live, II.

Epic and Ionic for ^ao, to imperf. s^coov, Herod. 4, 112: Herod. 1, 120.

16, 15:

aor.

I'focra rare,

H.
ri^do
he at the age of puberty, be vigorThuc. 3, 36 ; also yl^daxco, to be approachfut. ing the age of puberty, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 1 1, 12: aor. TJ^riaa, Eurip. T^l^rjaa, Xen. Cyr. 6, Ale. 654 perf. '^^r^xa, Thuc. 2, 44.
{r(^ri), to

ous,

ri^woi^i, pres.

opt. 1 sing.

('^^uoi^i), II. 7, 157.

Compare

Epic protracted from dgojoifit from dgd(o.

iJ/Jw/it

iqyio^ai {ay a), to lead, consider, think,

fut. rfyTJoo-

fffit

155

fiai,

Thuc.
;

5,

550

in the sense to consider^

the present ; tively or passively,

Eurip. Phoen. has the force of part, riyqfxivog (Doric a/T^^tVog), ac:

40

perf. rj^r^fiai,
it

Dem. 1072
;

Herod.

1,

207

Hippocr. de Aer. ^ 34 3 sing. dirj^^riTai passively, has been related, Antiph. 620.
'^^sgsd^ofiai

and

'^ysgsofiai (a^sigco), to be collected,

II.

assemble, intransitive, Epic,

imperf. i^/sgsMfirfv,
TJScD
11.

3,

231

10,

127:

2,

304.
please^ very rare in the

(dvddva, 'AJSl),
5.

to

active; part. neut. plur. ijdovTa, pleasures, Plat.

Ax.

Mid. ijSofxai, to be pleased, delighted, pleasure in, Xen. Cyr. 8, 4, 11: aor. pass. take ^W?^i/ as middle, Arist. Av. 880: fut. pass. T^ad^jjaofiaL as middle, Soph. Tyr. 453 : aor. mid. '^adfi.rfv rare, Odys. 9, 353. At hen. 8, 26, rjarai, by some referred to this verb, seems
tjfiai,

to belong to

to sit.

TJsgiOotxai (dstgco), to hang, move,

transitive, Epic,
2,
11.

be unsteady, ini^sgsdofxr^v,
II.

3,

108: imperf.

448.
21,

rjtaxco, for iiaxco, II.

332

i^iaxo^isv

however
i'lGxa,

in

this verse

may be

imperf.

plur.

from

^xo,

come, to have come, return, as perfect, Xen. 2, 5, 6 : imperf. fjxov, came, had come, returned, as pluperfect, Xen. Hel. 5, 3, 25. riXaivco (dXdo^ai), to wander, act foolishly. Call.
to

Anab.

Dian. 251.
7, 23.

Mid.
to

^}.aivofiai as active,

Theoc.

TfXdaxG) (dXdofiai),
riXaoxd'Cco,

to wander, II. 2, 470 ; also wander, flee from, escape, II. 18, 281 ; Odys. 9,457. riiiai, to sit, see 'E12, to seat, place ; also xdOrffiai, 7(^1 ((profit), say I, Latin inquam, colloquial, Arist. Ran. 37 imperf. ?]i/, fi, in the phrases r^v 8' i^6, said I; ^ d' os, said he, Arist. Eq. 634 ; Plat.
:

; :

166

TlflVO

But ^, he said, is used by the Lys. 32, 38. Epic Poets without the appendage d' os, II. 3,
355.
rjfivcj
II.

(v rarely v), to bow down, sink, stoop^ fall, 148 ; Apol. 3, 1400 aor. rjfivaa, II. 2, 373 perf. vnsfxvrjfivxs, are bent down, II. 22, 491.
2,
:

riaOri^avog Ionic iadr^fjiivos (ioOrjs)^ clothed, dressed,

a defective perf. pass, part., Eurip. Hel.

1539

Herod.

3,

129:^

/-
^

'^aodofiai or i^TToiofxai

(rj(j(jc)v,

tJttcov)^ to be infefut.

nor, be worsted, defeated^ conquered,

fiai

riTTrjao-

commonly

rfixridriao^ai,
:

Xen. Anab.
:

2,

3,

perf. yaar^piaL or {JTzrifiaL, Cyr. 3, 3, 42 Soph. Aj. 1242 ; Xen. Cyr. 4, 1, 10 aor. '^aaijOr^v ori^TTTJer^v, Thuc. 8, 27; Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 18. Verbal rjacfr^jios or ^rr^/Tfo?, Soph. Antig. 678 ; Arist. Lys. 450.
;

23

Generally speaking, the forms with aa are used by the Tragedians and Thucydides those with tt, by Aristophanes, Xenophon, and the Orators.
;

e.

d-adaaa, to
-O'dooG), in

sit.

Epic, Odys.

3,

336

contracted
:

Attic Poetry, Soph. Tyr. 161

II.

imperf.

d^daaaov,
&dio^iai,

9, 194.

Doric for d^rfso^uai, Pind. Pyth. 8, 64. Theoc. d^aXida, Epic for d^dlXo), Odys. 6, 63. 1 6, d^aXida, to cause to grow, produce, 25, d'dlXco ( OAASl), to bloom, flourish, fut. daXXrjcfo, causatively, loill give birth to^ Brunei's Analect. 2 aor. edalov, Horn. Hym. 18, 33: 1, 419 (5)

perf.

Tsdr^la, Doric Ti&uXa,

as

present.

Soph.

95, 5; Theoc. 16, izsdr^XsLv as imperfect, Odys. 5, 69 : pluperf.

Phil. 259; Pind. frag.

90:
fut.

mid.

d'aXriaoiiai later,

Anthol.

7,

281.

Pind. Olyra. 3, 40, imperf. X^aXXt causatively, caused to

&SIV
groio, flourish.
Tf^rjXvla,
II.

157
perf.

Ts^aXvla,
at,

part.

fem.

Epic

for

9, 208.

0^NS2,

see

d^vijaytco,

d^dofiai, to

gaze

behold with admiration^ behold^

:

a Doric verb, Arist. Ach. 770

:

fiit.

d^daofiai

(a),,

Theoc. 15, 23 aor. iddodiAi^v, d-qaal^riv^ d^daai,, adaaadat, Theoc. 1, 149; 2, 72 Odys. 18, 191. d^dnxco {OA^Sl), to bury^ fut. d^dyjo), Msch. Sept^ perf. pass, zfaor. I'^ai/^a, Thuc. 5, 1 1 1 028 aor. pass. iQdcpQriv dafifiat, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 19 2 aor. pass, hdcpriv, Thuc. rare, Herod. 2, 81 5,74: 3 fut. pass. jsOdiiJOfxat, Soph. Aj. 577.. Verbal d^anxios, Soph. Aj. 1140. 1141.
;
:
:

&dac>a), see d'adoaco,

d'av^ULvo (d-avfia), Epic fiavio), Odys. 8, 108.

for

d'av^id'Cco,

fut. d^oLv-

0A0S1, 0A0II,

to bury,

see

d^ditjco,

to

be

astonished,

Epic and

Ionic,

perf.
:

perf. TsOrfTia as present, Tsdrfjtas,

2 Odys. 23, 105 11.4, 243: 2 pluperf. iTsdrJTtsa, Odys. 6, 166:. 2 aor. ha(pov, Tacpcav, Pind. Pyth. 4, 168 Odys.
;

lidacpa transitive, to astonish, Athen. 6, 72

;:

16, 12.

GASl,

to suckle, Epic,

chius.

Mid.
58
to
;

aor.

infin. &rjaai,

in

Hesysuck,.

d^dofxat, infin. d'^oOat

4,

(d^deodat),
to
1,

to milk,
II.

Odys.

89

aor.

iOr^adfiriv,

24,

also to suckle, Horn.

Hym.

123.

d^sdofiai,

behold, 5^^,

fut.

d^sddofiat (a),

Xen.
:

Cyr.

7, 1,
:

22:

perf.

pass,

xedi&^ai, Arist. Nub.

5, 7,

370

aor. idedadftT^v,

Xen. Anab.

26

aor..

iOsdOriv passively, Thuc. 3, d^sariog. Plat. Soph. 65.

pass.
d'sivG), to smite,

38

Verbal

Poetic,

II.

17,

JEsch. Pars. 418:

aor.

fut.

d^svS, Arist.
:

sOsiva,

II.

20,

481

430: imperf. edsivovy Ach. 564:. 2 aor. sOsvov, Osvcs,

14

: ;

158^

^bXo

Osvs, 6svLv^ Oevdv (divav), Eurip. Rhes. 687 Heracl. 271 ; Cycl. 7; Arist. Av. 54. d^iXo, the same as id^iXa, fut. OslTJao, Xen. Mem. 1,4, 18: aor. ioariaa, Soph. Col. 757: perf. Tsdilrixa, JEsch. 306.

According to Phrynichus, the perf. Ts&iXrjxa belongs to he condemns it. the Alexandrian dialect
;

d'egajtsvco, to serve, court, regular

fut.

mid. OsgaPlat.

TievGOfiaL

usually

passive

in

sense,

Ale.

Prim. 61. Horn. Hym.

&sgofiai, to
6,

1,

390, ^sgansvaovTccL

is transitive.

warm
fut.

one's self, heat,

burn, Poetic,
19,

II.

331:

Mgao^ai, Odys.

pass, adigriv as middle, subj. dsgio)

17, 23.

507: 2 aor. (Osgco), Odys.

it may be, to obtain by prayer, found only in the aor. mid. 3 plur. diaoavTo, and part. Osaadfisvo?, Pind. JVem. 5, 17 ; Hes. frag. 9 ; Apol. 1, 824. d'ics, to put, see Jidrffii. (OEYJl), to run, imperf. sdsov, II. 20, 229

d^iaaaoOat, to pray that

ma

fut.

devdofxai, Arist. Av. 205.

gaze at, behold with admiraHerod. 1, 10: fut. Orfrfaofiai, Hes. Op. 480 aor. i^rir^adfir^v, Herod. 3, 23. d^Lyydvo) (OIFSl), to touch, as v^ith the hand, fut. Oi^ofxai, Eurip. Hip. 1086 2 aor. ediyov, diyuv, diydv. Soph. Antig. 546.
d'rieo^ai (ddo^ai), to
tion, behold, Ionic,
:

Etymologically connected with the Latin tango (root tag-).

d^Xdo, to bruise, break, Athen. 8, 41 Hippocr. aor. adldaa, Odys. 18, 97

:

fut.
:

dXdao,

perf. pass.

Tadiaofiat,
d^vrjaxo

Doric

ledXay^ai,

Athen. 11,

30;
fut.

Thuc. 22, 35.

{0ANSI, 9 NASI),
Oavovfxai,
II.

to be dying, die,
4,

OaviofLac,

12; Xen. Cyr.

7, 1,

; :

.mksSS^
19
;

159
Agara.

also

rsOvrj^co,

xBOvrj^o^at,

JEsch,

1279; Lysias,
Cyr.

frag.

42:

perf.

xiOvT^xa,

Xen.

4, 6, 2: 2 aor. edavov, Soph. Col. 1706: 2 perf. ridvaa, rsdvairiv, TsdvaOi, rsdvdvai, ts2 pluperf. haOvdeiv^ OvsSg, see Rem. 68
:

Rem.
d^oLvdtco,

^ 68.

d^od^o, for dadaoo^ in Attic Poetry, Soph. Tyr. 2.

to feast, feast upon, Xen. Ages. 8, 7 equivalent to doivdofxai from Ootvdeo. d^oLvdcD, to entertain festively, Eurip. Ion. 982 imperf. idoivaov intransitive, / feasted, Hes.

Scut. 212: aor. iOoiviaa (as

1,
i

if

from -i^o), Herod.

as middle,

129:
.36.

4,

Mid.

aor. pass, idoivrjdriv

Odys.
upon,

Ooivdofiai,

to feast, feast

Eurip. Cycl. 248 : fut. OoLv-qaoiiaL and doivdao' fxai (d), jEsch. Prom. 1025; Eurip. Cycl. 550: perf. Tsdoivdfiai, Eurip. Cycl. 377 aor. idoivr^adfirfv, Anthol. 9, 244. SI, see Ogadxo, &gdcicio (ragdaaa)), to disturb, Eurip. Rhes. 863: aor. adga^a, dgd^ai, iEsch. Prom. 628 perf. xixgrixoL, as present intransitive, to he tumultuous. Epic, II. 7, 346 : pluperf. zsrgjj^^siv as imperfect,
:

OOP

intransitive,
frag.

95 : aor. pass. IdgdxOriv, Soph. mid. Oga^ovfxai, in Hesychius, explained jagd^oixat.

II.

2,

812:

fut.

It is formed from Tugdaaa by metathesis and contraction, TaQaaaa, TQaaoaeo, jQuaoM, &Q(xaa(a. The change of t into & may be considered an anomaly. Perhaps the original theme was OPAXSL. This form gives jgax^s. Ionic x^r^vV, rough, uneven.

GPE0SI, GPEXSl,
d^gvKTco

see rgicpo), see r^i/o.

aor.

(OPT0J2),

debilitate,

idgvq)dr^v later,
hgvcpriv,
II.

3,

break in pieces, crumble, Hippocr. : aor. pass. Anthol. 5, 294, 15: 2 aor. pass. 363. Mid. dgvTtTo^ai, to put
to

sdgvipa,

160

dg(o<s
airs,

on
.

be

dainty,
:

be
fut.

re^idered vain, spoiled,

dgvxpofiai, Arist.
1, 2,

jEsch.

Prom. 891

Eq.

1163
&gcoaxG}

perf. Tsdgvfi^ai,

Xen. Mem.
II.

25.

(0OFJ2, OFOS2),
Oogovfiai,
for

to leap, spring, 8,
1,

jump,

fut. Oogiofiat,

179
80.

jEsch. Sup.

874: 2
d'VLG)

aor. edogov,

Herod.
Ova,
to

dissyllabic,

rush, move rapidly,

Hom. Hym. 2, 560. 0Y0SI, see zi/^o.

d'ye)

and Ovva (v), to rage, rush, move rapidly, II. 1, 342; Find. Pyth. 10, 84: imperf. sOvov and eQvvov, II. 11, 180; 2, 446: fut. Ovao), nagdvaa {v), outrun, Anthol. 12, 32: aor. edifaa. Call. frag. 82 ? See also dvio, \ dvco, to sacrifice, fut. Ovao (y), Eurip. Heracl. 877 aor. 8dv6a, Xen. Anab. 1,2, 10 ; Odys. 9, 231 perf. Tsdvxa, Athen. 9, 54; Arist. Lys. 1062; Anthol. 11, 413: perf. pass. jiOv^ai, JEsch. Eum. 327 aor. pass. hvOrfv (if), jEsch. Choeph.

242.

Verbal Ovtsos,
to

Arist.

OvofjiaL,

sacrifice formally,

Av. 1237. Mid. on some special

;

occasion, or for
TeOvfiai,

i6vadfi7]v,

some important purpose, Ovaofiai, Arist. Thesm. 38 Xen.

3, 5, 18.
is

Anab.
The

7, 8,
7,

21

Herod.

197 (twice), ^vaof^ai

penult of the present

is passive in sense. Eurip. Elec. generally long.

1141, and Arist. Ach. 792, &vsiv {v).

tdXXco

{lAAIl), to send. Poetic, fut. tala, Imak^, aor. iT^Aa (t), Odys. 22, 49; Arist. Nub. 1281 i is long in consequence of the augthe 8, 443
:

ment.
tdo^aL, to cure, heal,
fut.

tdaofiac (d), Eurip. Troad.

1232:

aor.

iaad^riv,

Xen. Cyr.

8, 2,

25:

aor.

pass. IdB^riv passively, Plat.

Conv. 16.

isfia

161

Herod.

7,

236,

avuvvtai

contracted from avieovtai {an-

dovTtti), for aviMviaif as future.

id/cD

and laxio), to shout, Eurip. Elec. 707 ; Orest. fut. ta/rftjco, imperf. iaxov, H. 1, 482 965 1523 aor. Idxriaa, Arist. Ran. 217 Eurip. Phoen.
:
: :

perf.

laxvch, dfji(pia;^vLa, as present, screaming around, II. 2, 316.

part. fem.

suppose that the original theme was fAXJl, hence Compare FtF<;fw, like /?t/?(M from /?w, and finally idxca. ^(x^(o (ax-, /5ax-), a^anito, Bax/og, *'/a>t;|fo? (Ft F jc;(f o?),
dvlaxog (a Ft/o?),
rixog, rixia,

We

Romaic
II.

dxoq {rixog).

ISgoOy to sweat,

fut.

l^gdaca,
4,

2,

388

aor. ibga}-

aa,

Xen. (Econ.

24.

In the Epic and Ionic dialects, it is contracted as if the as opt. 3 sing. IdgMr}, Hippocr. de present were in -aw Aer. ^ 17; part. fem. Idgwaa {Idgaovaa), for Idgovaoe, II. 11, 597; IdQOJOvtag, protracted from Idgrnvrag (IdgaovTag), II. 11, 119, Id^ojovaa presupposes a theme in Odys. 4, 39.

-WW. Etymologically connected with vdag, Latin sudo, English water, wet, sweat.

tdgva and
cate,

'IJPTNJl

(tt, sdga), to seat, place, lo-

fut.

idgvaco (v),

Eurip.

Bac.

1339:

aor.

iBgvaa, Herod. 4, 124 : perf. pass, idgvfxai, Eurip. Heracl. 19; Thuc. 2, 15: aor. pass, idgvdr^v and Idgvvdriv usually as middle, Arist. Av. 45 ;

Thuc.

4,

44;

II.

3,

78; Xen. Cyr.

erect

Verbal tdgviiog, Soph. Aj. 809.

to place,

Mid.

8,

4,

10.

Idgvofiai,

establish, build,

a building, dedi-

cate,

consecrate

as a temple,

Dem. 256

fut.

idgvaoiJLai, Arist. Plut.

1191

perf. idgv^at,
;

Hepre-

rod. 2, 42 : aor. i8gvddfjLfiv, Thuc. 6, 3 ferred to its equivalent eladiiriv from 'ESI,

IJSl, see

EUSl.
154;

leizat {dill), to hasten,

274;

2,

Xen. Cyr. 4, 1, 17; Herod. 6, 134: imperf.

II.

12,

if>9^i/^

Arist. "Eq. 625.

14*

162
This verb

u(o

Many modern is the middle of tl^i, to go. however, refer it to Xripn, to send, that is, to cause to go, and accordingly write I'e^wt, with the rough breathing.
critics,

U(o

II. 6, 523 10, 121 ; im338 Odys. 1, 271 ; infin. htv, avvLHVf Theog. 565: imperf. low (lsov), Arist. Vesp. 355; II. 1, 479; Herod. 4, 125.

(EIl\

to send, fisduco,
II.

perat. lec (iff),

21,

The forms Ulg, let are often written they are referred to I'w.
Tfo

Xsig,

hi, in

which case

and

l^dvo)

(Ito^at),

to

seat, place,

establish,

institute;

also

intransitive,

to

sit,

settle,

sink,
II.

Msch. Eum. 18; Soph. Antig. 1000; 258; Thuc. 2, 76: imperf. I^ov, II. 18,
Mid.
i^ofiai, to sit,
II.

23,

3,

162; Herod.
it^v,

1,

422. 119.
1,

See
i'rffiL
:

also Ttadi^o,

(lio),

'E2), to send, imperf.

Find. Isth.

34 fut. Tiao, Epic also eaa, dviaa, Arist. Ran. 823; Odys. 18, 265: aor. ^xa only in the indicative, Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 18 ; Epic stfxa only
in

108;

composition, dcpii^xa, icpsr^xa, ^vvarixa, II. 18, 1, 8; also opt. aaaifii, dvEdai^i, II. 14,
:

209

perf.
;

elxa,

Dem. 966
8,

perf.

pass,

d^ai,

Dem. 292
fxai,

Herod.

49

aor. pass,
:

aidriv

and

Wriv, idS, Eurip. Phoen. 1376

fut.

pass, idrjao-

SLvai, 8is, Arist.

7, 11: 2 aor. ^v, S, sir^v, eg, Vesp. 574; Soph. Tyr. 1405. Mid. ufiai, to send Verbal hios, see dcpirifiL,

Xen. Ven.

one's self, hasten on, desire, fut. rf(SOfiaL, Eurip. Hel. 1 629 : aor. i^xdfit^v rare in the Attic writers,

used only in the indicative, Eurip. Elec. 622: 2 aor. eifXTiv and l'^?/v, Sfiat, stfiriv, ov (bo, eao), Odys. 4, 76 gadai, sfjLSvog, Xen. Hier. 7, 1 1 See also a^jt^^i. 11. 1, 469 ; Soph. Tyr. 1521.

The singular ^xa, ^xag, ^xe, and the 3 plur. ^xav, with good writers are much more common than the remaining
forms of the aorist ^xa.

On

the other hand, the singular

tXa&
of the 2 aor. ^v
is

>

163
See also

not used in the indicative.

Xr^v

Rem.
see

72.
1

Xblv, imperf.
acplrjfii'
II.

sing, for

or rather

Xow

(Xtov), rjqilEiv,

tiqo'leiv,

Xsaav,

12, 33.
II.

'

Odys. 10,100; 3 plur. 'Ep'icXsv I'w, h]g, btj, or l'w, 2 aor. subj. Epic
also
for

for
for

w, ^g,

Slc,

y^^, II. 2,

34.

voc.

3 plur. for eIvtoii, see mid. 3 plur. for aveXviai (not for the present avievzai), Herod. 2, 165. The Florentine Codex has civstavTai, analogous to acpicavtm. See Buttmann's Lexilogus (avrjvo&ev, 29). ttqooIto, 2 aor. mid. 3 sing, for ttqohto, Xen. Anab. 1, 9, 10. The fut.
avrjTiev.

sfoxa, perf twvtai,

1,

567; 3,414;
act.

sing,
ilxa,

rip,

oivi]rj,

for

Etymol. Magn.

perf.

pass.

acplrjfii, otcpewrToii

avtovrai,

perf.

eaoj,

avtoa, and the

l'?;p.

aor. opt.
;

oiviaai(jii

to *Ji, to place^ put^ seat, set

referred the former, however, clearly

are by

some

belongs to

ldvv(o

(Idvg),
9,

long
II.
;

Odys.

78:
6,

aor.

pass. Idvvdriv,
sitive, II.

to direct straight forioard^ iOvva, Odys. 23, 197: aor. Mid. idvvo^ai tran16, 475.
v,

Odys.
II.

5,

270.
;

idva

(v),
:

to rush

straight forward,
6,

552
perf.

aor. idvaa,

Herod.

4,

Epic, 122.

II.

11,

lycdvoi (ixo),

long a, to come, Poetic, II. 1, 254 imixdvov as aorist, II. 6, 370. Mid. IxdvofiUL as active, Epic only, II. 10, 118. ixviofjtat (lxcs), to come, Soph. Tyr. 798 fut. r|operf. fyfA,ai, Soph. Trach. 229 fiai, Herod. 2, 29 2 aor. txofirjv, II. 1, 362. Prose v^^riters use the

compound
fxr^v,

See

dcpixviofiai, acpl^o^ai, dcpiy^ai, acpixo-

also ixdva, txo.

:

part. IxTo, 2 aor. mid. Epic for I'xsto, Hes. Theog. 481 inUBvog adjectively, favorable^ jfair, as wind, Odys. 2, 420.

ixco (I), to
1,

come. Epic, II. 10, 142 imperf. Txov, II. 317: aor. T^ov, Hom. Hym. 1, 230; II. 5, See also Rem. ^ 54. 773 ; Hes. Scut. 32. IXdaxo^ai, Epic also IXdo^iai and ikdiiat, to propitiate, II. 2, 550 ; Hom. Hym. 20, 5 rarely tXio^at and Ueoofxai, ^sch. Sup. 1 16. 127 ; Plat,
:

164 Leg.
fjiai,

iXTf/i

7,

10:

fut.

IXdaofiai (a), later Epic IXdiO'

;

Call. Epigr. 46, 5

Apol. 2, 808
1,

aor. pass.

Udadr^v passively, Plat. Leg. 9, 6: ddfitfv (aa), later Epic lla^dfxriv, 11.
I,

aor. mid. Ikd-

'I

AHMI (IkdofiaL),
and
subj.
ilrfdi,

1093.

See

100; Apol.

also the following.

to be propitious, imperat. iXddi

Theoc.
as

15,

143

Odys.

3,

380

perf.

Ikijxo

present, Odys.

Uifxaifu as present, Horn. Hym. TAAo, for si2a or frAAo, Lysias, 359.
IfjLscgo

21, 365; 1, 165.

opt.

{'IMEPSl\

to desire,

pass. LfxigOriv as
14,

active,

Odys. 10, 431 aor. Herod. 7, 44. Mid.

^iBigoiiaL as active,
II.

Odys.

1,

41

aor. Ifisigdfxr^v,

163.
for Ifietgo),

iixsggo,

^olic

Sapph.

1,

27.
to fly, as

iTiiafxai (jihofxai,

HTASI, inTHMI),

a bird, inflected like tWa^a*, in the present and imperfect, imperf. iTndfxT^v, Eurip. Aul. 1608: fut.
TtTrjaofjiat,

Arist.

Vesp. 208

aor.
:

ijiTdfitiv,

mdfxevog, II. 5, 99 2 aor. act. STtrriv Doric anxdv, Tnalr^v, nirjvaty jizds, Hes. Op. 98; iEsch. Prom. 115. The early writers commonly use nhofzai, insro^rjv, and in
TtTSixat, TirdaOaL,
poetry
ic(d(xc
nojoiofiai, inoxaofiriv,

instead of Xma^ai, imdfirjv.

know, a Doric Theoc. 1 plur. taafisv, Pind. Nem. 7, 20 3 sing. 14, 34 ladTi, Theoc. 15, 146; 3 plur. laavii, Theoc.
Old a),
;

{12A SI, EIJ^,

Pyth.
4,
;

to

verb, Pind.

441

sing, tarig,

52.

15,64; part. dat. sing. taavTi, Pind. Pyth. See also Rem. 70.

3,

This verb is derived from the noun I2A or I2H, formed from IJSl after the analogy of 86%a from donioi {JOK/l), Compare aadofiai from aarj. Others aat] from ai or AJJl. suppose that it was suggested by I'aaah the 3 plur. of oida. See also inlatafiai.

tdTco, for itaxto, II. 1 1,

799

16, 41
;

Odys.

4,

279

imperf. laxov, Odys. 19,

203

22, 31.

icfTtf

165
;

Theoc. 22, 167, and Apol. 1, 834; 2. 240 3. 396; 4, Many critics, both ancient 1718, i'axov means tkei/ said. and modern, are of opinion that the later Epic poets misuri' derstood the Homeric passage (Odys. 19, 203) Xok^ ifjsvdea nokXa Xeyoav stviioigiv 6fiol<x, telling many falsehoods he made them appear like truths, where o^uola may be said to be suOdys. 22, 31 perfluous, inasmuch as it is implied in Xam. (a vexed passage), laxsv ocvtjq Exaaiog, every man labored under a mistake, conjectured, did not know the true state of the case, attributed the fact to a wrong cause, made a wrong

inference.

LcfTavo, for taidco, larr^fii,

Dem.

807.

the original form of laxruAi, Herod. 4, 103: imperf. iWoi/, Herod. 2, 106. LOTr^fic {laidcoy i^jjrjxco, 2JT^J2), to cause to stand,
latdo)
set up^ erect, raise, place, fut. airjaa,
6,

{UTASl),

Xen, Cyr.

3,

25

also

iauj^a, idTrj^o^ai, intransitive,

3, 7,

37; Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 17: 24 perf. eaxrixa as present intransitive, to stand, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 19; later also saidxa transitive, Longin. de Sublim. 16, 2; Anthol. 11, 139; Plat. Ax. 18: pluperf.
shall stand,
aor. eoTTfaa,

Thuc. Thuc.

iaxTJxsiv or

etajTJxstv

as
1,

imperfect intransitive,
:

was
rare,
'

standing, Thuc.
Plat.
:

89

perf. pass,

eaidfjiai

Tim. 62 aor. pass, iaiddriv (a), Soph. Tyr. 1463: 2 perf. eaiaa, iarS, idTairfv, satadt, iaxdvai, iaxm, as present intransitive, Rem. ^ 68 2 pluperf. iaxdetv as imperfect intransitive, Rem. 68 2 aor. eaxrfv intransitive,
:
:

I stood,
Cyr.
10.

drS, axahjv,
18.

dx^Ot,

axrjvat,

axds,

Xen.
8, 1,

Mid.
:

1, 4,

Verbal dxaxios, Xen. Cyr.

self,

Ldxafiai, to stand, also transitively to

set up, erect

for one's
Arist.

fut. axrjaofxat,

Thesm. 697

8,

33

aor. iox-qcid^riv

Hel. 5, 4, 53.
ox-qxa.

See

Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 14: Soph. Phil. ; generally transitive, Xen.

also laxdva, loxdo, idxifxco,

The

subjunctive and optative passive

may

take the accent

166
on the antepenult,
ciq)laTr)Tai,

edj^el
if

the last syllable permits it as, subj. Hippocr. de Salubr. Diaet. 11, opt. 3 sing, ^vviaxoljo for ^vviajalTO. Xaraaicov, imperf. iterative, Odys. 19, 574. 2 aor. aTaaxov, iterative, 11. 3, 217 18, 160. sax a a a v, 1 aor. 1 plur. Epic for tairjaav, 11.12,56; Odys. 18, 307; 3 sing. I'ffxaas later, Anthol. As to 2 aor. 3 plur. 'tataaav, II. 4, 331, &c. it 9, 708. haiaeiv. is now edited saiaaav, were standing, from eatav or axdv, 2 aor. 3 plur. Epic for saTtjoav, II. 1, 535; 9, 193: subj. 1 plur. Epic axitofiBv and axslofisv, for axafisv, II. 22, 239; 15, 297; 2 sing, ax^rjg for axjjg, II. 3 sing, axi^tj for axjj, II. 5, 598 3 dual atrjtxov 17, 30 imperat. 2 sing, axd for axrl&tf for airlxov, Odys. 18, 182 only in composition, as avaxd for avaaxa for uvdaxrid^i, Theoc. 24, 36. taxsaxai, perf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic for iaxd&tjv (a), aor. pass, for iaxdBuxavxai, Herod. 1, 196. In some compounds whose middle &r}v (), Call. Min. 83. is intransitive, the perfect active may be translated as a real perfect as dviaTtjfiL, to set up^ dvlaxay,cii, to rise up, dve'axTjxa, to have risen up. The theme 2TAfl is etymologically connected with the Latin sto (root sta-), sisto, English stand, stay, sty, German

Dem. 1112.

stehen,

&c. &c.
taxoLvdo) (ta^^o),
5,

ta^dvo)
14,

89. ice^vioixac (l^xco), see vjita/viofiai.

;

and 387

to

check, repress,

II.

iaxvaivco (l(fxv6s), to attenuate,

aor.

make

lean,

laxvava, Ionic

i(S)(yyiva, Arist.

dry up, Ran. 941 ;

Herod. 3,24:
fut.

aor. pass. ta^^vdvOriv, Hippocr.: mid. idxvavov[xaL as passive, iEsch. Prom.

269.
I'a^^cj

(f^), to have^ hold fast, grasp, seize, check, withhold, restrain, hinder. Soph. Antig. 304 fut. a/rida), perf. ed^rixa, &c. as in %.
:

Ill, to go, see

LG),

sifii.
irifxi,

used only in composition, 16; opt. acptoLfii, Plat. For fiefxsApol. 17: imperf. IvVtor, II. 1,273.
another form of
subj. dfio),

Xen. Cyr.

8,

Ti^kvo?, see ^sdirifii.

The

only forms which prove the existence of Iw are ^vyiov

; :

xadTi
and
to
(Xl,

167
(isd^lsi,

liiSfiSTifisvog.

As

to

fxsS^lfig,

i^iei,

&/C.

fxs&l(o,

fxE&ioifih
lib)
'

they
is,

that

may, by a change of accent, be referred they may be accented fn&ulg, hb&uX, fii^iol-

&.C.

ocayxXd^a, later Epic for oca^Xd^o, which see. KAJSl, see xuLvvfii, ^d'Ca, to purify, cleaii, Tcadaiga (xadagos, fut. xadagS, Xen. GEcon. 18,6: aor. ixddr^ga

KAOAPSl\

and ixdddgu, Thuc. 3, 104; Xen. Anab. 5, 7, 35 ; perf. pass, xsxddagfiai, Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 16 aor. pass. ixaOdgOriv, Thuc. 3, 104. Verbal
;

TcadagTios, Hippocr.

Mid. ocaOaigo^ai^
Xen. Cyr.
9, 8.
sit

to clean

one's self, fut. xadagovfiai,

aor. ixadi]gdii,rfv, Plat.

2, 2,

27

Leg.
5, 8,

xaOs^ofiat (xaxd, e^o^ai), to

racl.
fxriv,

down, Eurip. He-

33; Xen. Anab.

in

14: imperf. exade^o-

Thuc.
fjiai,

Poetry also xade^oixriv, usually as aorist, 18; Soph. Col. 1597: fut. xadebovlater xadsdTJaofiaL, x\rist. Ran. 200 Diogen.
2,
; :

Laert. 2, 72 (Aristipp.)
.

aor. pass. ixaOiadr^v as

:

middle,

later,

Anthol. 9, 644

fut.

pass. xadsoOrj'

aofiai as middle, iEschin. 558.

xadevdco (xaxd, evSco), to sleep, imperf. ixddsvSov, xadevdov or xadi^vdov, Xen. (Econ. 7, 1 1 ; II. 1,611; Plat. Conv. 40: fut. xaOsvSrjoa, Xen. Hel. 5, 1,20: aor. xadevdrfaa, Hippocr. Verbal ;ca0fv^)?Tfos, Plat Phaedr. 91. xdOrffiai (xaid, ^^ai), to sjf, sit down, xdOcofxai,
.

xadoLfxrfv, xdOr^ao, xadrjaOai, xadijfxsvos,

Arist,

Eq. 754; Xen. Cyr.

or xadrjfiriv
Arist. Eccl. 304.

7: pluperf. as imperfect, Xen. Anab.

5, 1,

ixadrjfi'^v
4,

2,

fie&a

xd&Tj, perf. 2 sing, later for xdd-rjaaL opt. 1 plur. xa^if(like xexXjjiis&a from yaXia), Arist. Lys. 149, com'

168
for x(x&f}ao,

ycaOi
sing,

monly written ita&oifis&a' imperat. 2

Septuagint. Psal. 106, 20.

xd&ov,

later

TcaSi^o (xara, ito), to set, place ; also to sit, fut. xaOiaa, zaOico, Ionic ocaTLdco, Doric xadi^co, Xen.
.

Anab.
911
5
:

2, 1,

4; Herod.
12.
fut.

4,

ixddiaa, Doric ixddi^a,

;

Arist.

Theoc. 1, Eq. 785

:

190; Bion, 2, 16: aor. 3, 68; Arist. Ran. Mid. xadt^ouai, to sit,
II.

xadL^rjaofiai, Plat. Phaedr.

aor. ixadiadfiriv usually transitive,

Xen. Cyr.

5, 5, 7.

xuivvfiat {KA//SI), to excel, surpass, be distinguished, to be adorned, ornamented, Poetic, imperf. ixaivv^T^v, Odys. 3, 288 perf. xixaafiai,
:

xsxdadai, xxa(jfiivos and xxa8fiivog, Odys. 19, 82; 4, 725; II. 24, 546; Pind. Olym. 1, 42: pluperf. ixsxdafiT^v, II. 2, 530. We may suppose that the noun xoafiog is formed from
the theme KA/ISl, thus xad-fioc, xaa-fiog, xoa^og, with the accent on the penult contrary to the analogy of verbals in fi6g.

xaiva {xthvco), to Hercul. 1075: 2 Theoc. 24, 90.

Xen. Anab.
cent editions, for the

kill,

aor.

Poetic, fut. xavco, Eurip. sxavov, Soph. Col. 545;

in

7, 6, 36,

xaTaxsxavoTfg,

some of the
'

re-

perf.

xixava.

implies a See Schneider's note on the passage.

it

common xtxiayavovtsg

xaia {KAT2),
9
;

also

xdo long a and without conset fire to,

:

traction, to burn,

Xen. Hel. 4, 1, 1 Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 21

fut.
;

kindle, Arist. Lys. xavaco and xavaofiac,

Plut.

Arist.

1054

aor.

exavaa. Poetic als^ sxea. Epic exria or exeia, Thuc. 7, 80; Eurip. Rhes. 97 ; ^sch. Agam. 849 ; II. 1, 40 ; Odys. 21, 176 ; 9, 231 perf. xfxai/xa, Xen. Hel. Q,h, 37 perf. pass, xixav^iai, Eurip.
:
:

aor. pass, ixavdriv, Thuc. 3, 74 Cycl. 457 2 aor. pass, ixdriv (a), Epic and Ionic, II. 1, 464; Herod. 1, 51. Mid. aor. ixavadfxr^v and ixT^d:

" ;

ycajOL
liYiv transitively,

169
1,

not Attic, Herod.

202
II.

II. 9,

88 xaksa

part, also

xudfisvos, Odys. 16, 2;

to call, fut.

9,

234
y.a

{KAAQ^ KAAQ),
;
:

^aUaa,

Xen. Anab. 3, 1, 46: aor. ly.akt A, Dem. 93 <?, Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 30: perf. y.k'nhfiY.a, Arist Plut. 260 perf. pass, xex^fxai, Eurip. Hec. 480 aor. pass. ixXjjdr^v, rarely sxaModr^v, Thuc. 6, 2 3 fut. pass. 7C>c},ijciofxai, Soph. Aj Hippocr. Mid Verbal xkr^Tsog, Plat. Rep. 4, 6. 1368. summon to a court, fut. ycaXov Tca^iofiac, to call,
:

l^ai,

Arist.

Eccl.
1.

Anab. 3, 3, 2 sing. xaXsi as passive.

2,

Eurip.

864

aor.

ixaXsadfXTfv, Orest. 1140, fut.

Xen
mid

xsTtlEaiai, perf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic for ysAtjVTai, Herod. 164: opt. 2 sing. xsxXfjo, Soph. Phil. 119; 1 plur. xsxitXiBoxov and xuX^axov, xXji^sd^a, Arist, Lys. 253. imperf. iterative, II. 6, 402; 9, 562; Apol. 4, 1514: pass. xaXiaxETO, II. 15, 338. Etymologically connected with the Latin calo^ English
call.

xdXri^L, from

xakia, Soph.
II.

1,

16

infin. ocaXijfxsvai

for xa}.rjvai,

10, 125.

xakivdiofiai (xvXlvdco), to roll about, time in, Herod. 3, 52 ; Thuc. 2, 62.

Tcdfiva

spend one^s

(KAMS2,
fut.

KMA

SI), to labor,

grow

iceary,

be sick,

Tcufiiofiai, xufiovfiat,

Apol.

3,

580

Soph. Trach. 12, 15: perf. xsxfxrixa, Thuc. 6, 34 2 aor. sxafiov, Xen. Hel. 3, 3, 1 ; Epic (xey xufiov) xExdixo), II. 1, 168: 2 perf. part, xsxfxi^ag, -6tos or -ozos, II. 23, 232; 11, 802; Thuc. 3, 59 2 aor. mid. ixa^opiv as active, Epic, II. 18, 341. KAIITSl, to breathe, Epic, aor. exdnvaaa, II. 22,
:
:

467.

xaxdyvv^L and xoLxayvva (d/vvfxi), to break in pieces, fut. xaxd^a aor. xaria^a, rarely xaxij^a

15

170

Tcaxa

2 perf. xatidya, Ionic xaiii^ya, rarely xdirfya, Hippocr. 2 aor. pass. xaTsd/rjv,
:

^tatsd^txg, aor. part, for xatu^(xg, Lysias, 159.

xaTsayM,

aor. pass.

subj.

Lysias, 156.

xwtm/w, Hippocr.; part, xatsa/fig, xctva^aig, aor. opt. 2 sing, for HUTu^aig, Hes.
for
;

Op. 664. 691. It is formed as follows original theme F^r'iZ, with Tcaid, tcaia^AFJl, xatafu^aig, xaxpa|a*?, xapp|at?, like xaxa^aXuv, xctT^aXsiv, xu/5^uXhv, also xwra yovv, xatyovv, xayyovv finally, by dropping the second p and changing the other into v, xavd^aigt the actu'

al

form.

Compare

svads from avddvo).

TcarasLvvov, see evvvfit, TcaravaXiaxG)^ see dvaXiaxco,

xaTa/gdo (xard,
sufficient,

)^gd(o)^ Ionic for

aTto/gdco,

to

be

imperf. 3 sing. xaT;^ga, Herod. 7, 70. Impersonal xaia^^gd, for the common dno^^gri,

Herod.

1,

164:

fut.

xaia^gi^aei.

xavd^aig, see xard/vv^t, KA0E2, to pant, Epic, 2 perf part. xsxaq)r^6s as present, II. 5, 698 ; Odys. 5, 468. xa^^d^co or xa%yXd^co {XAAJ2), to bubble up, swell, Find. Olym. 7, 3 ; Apol. 2, 570. It seems to be an onomatopT/, connected with the Romaic
xoxXd^oj.

xdco, see xaio,

xeddvvvfAL
{aa),
II.

{KEJASl), Epic
5,

for dxsddvvvfn, pass,

^or,

part, xsdavvvfxsvog,

Anihoh 6,276:

ixidaaa

pluperf pass, xexibaajo, Apol. 2, 1114: aor. pass. ixsddaOi^v, II. 15, 657.
:

88

icsSoMviai, pres. pass. 3 plur. protracted from ntdavTai

{xsddovxqi), Apol. 4, 500.

xsLfxai,
lie

Epic and Ionic xiofiai (KES2, KEISl), to down, xiofiai, xsolixrfv, xilao, xstodai, xsifisXen. (Econ. 8, 19 Herod. 1, V05, li. 22, 510 67 imperf ixeifiriv fut. xeiao^ai, Soph. Antig.
; ;

73.

The

infinitive

of the compounds takes the circumflex on


'

xbXo
;

171

the penult as didy.fi inai, 8iax(7a&(ti' yMT^v.^ifiai, KcnanHo^ai xf tat, 2 sing. as if yELo&ai were contracted from aiwdau

Horn. Plym. 2, 254 3 plur. xtatai and Odys. 24, 527. HslaTcti, Ionic for auvxai, Herod. 1, 14 Subj. 3 sing. xrjxaL, contracted from xii]iai, Odys. 2, 102; xtlojvTai, subj. 19,147; 11.19,32; edited also yslrai. 3 plur. in an ancient inscription, Boeckh's Corp. Inscript. Graec. 102, 10. didxsifiai, subj. for diaxiio^ac, Plat.

Epic

for yslaaiy

imperf 3 sing, iterative for i'ysuo, Odys. 21, 41 Ionic 3 plur. ixiaro or ixsluTo, for tysivio, Herod. 1, 167 Hes. Scut. 241. 175; Apol. 4, 1295.
Phifido, 77.
; ;

TiEoysTOy

Tcsiga

(KEPJl),
II.

to shear,

fut.

oisgso),

xsgS, also

Tcsgaa,

23, 146; Plat. Rep. 5, 16; Mosch. 2, 32 : aor. exsiga, Poetic also exegaa, Soph. Trach. 1196; Hes. Scut. 419: perf. pass, xixagfxai, aor. pass, ixegdriv, Pind. Xen. Hel. 1, 7, 8 Pyth. 4, 146: 2 aor. pass, ixagrfv, Anthol. 9,
:

56.

Mid.

xsigo(xai, to shear ojie^s

own

hair^ixxX,

xsgovfiat,

Eurip.

ixsgadixrfv, Arist.

1426 aor. ixsigdfjii^v, Nub. 826 ; JEsch. Pers. 952.

Hip.
:

Etymologically connected with the Latin curtus, Saxon

SCI/ran, English shear, short.

xHo and
The
*

xeco^

I will
342.

lie

down, Epic, Odys. 19, 340;

14,532;
xcaw

7,

regular future of KEIfL or KESl would be yEioM, by dropping the a, xf/w, jtsw. Buttmann supposes that xf/w is contracted from xse'w, the second future of xfco, after the analogy of yUHog for Kliovg for ylhog. Compare drita.

xixXo^ai, see xiXofiat, xeXsvTLdo (xsXsvco), to cheer on, Epic, part, xsksvTiocjv protracted from xekevxiav (xeXsvTidcov),
II.

12,265;

13, 125.
to

xslXo (KE^S2),
ship, fut.
xeXdco,

come or bring

to
:

land,

as a

^sch. Sup. 330

aor. exeXaa,

Soph. Trach.

804".

Etymologically connected with the Latin pello.

xeXofiai, to order, request, exhort, Poetic, fut. xskyjooixai,

Odys.

10,

296:

aor.

exslriodiiriv,

Pind.

172
:

XVT
ixsycXofxr^v,

II.

Olym. 13, 113 2 aor. xsxX6i.i7^v and 4,508; Hes. Scut. 341.

xsxXofisvog, 2 aor. part, as present, 11.8,346; Soph. Tyr. 159. This form gave rise to xixXofiai used by the later Epic Poets, as Apol. 1, 716.

xBVTsco

{KENTQ),
aor. infin.

Epic

to prick, puncture, regular. xsvaai for xevTrjaai, II. 23, 337.

xiofiai, see xscfxat.

xsgdvvijfxL

and xsgavvvo (xegdco), to mix, as wine and water, Athen. 2, 3: fut. xsgdao (a), xsgS, dg, a, in Hesychius aor. ixsgdaa, Xen. Anab. 13 Epic and Ionic (sxgr^aa) iTtcxgrjaai, 1, 2, perf. pass, xexg7J(iag, Odys. 7, 164; Hippocr. xsgadfiai, commonly xixgd^at Ionic xixgr^fiai, Athen. 13, 36; Arist. Plut. 853: pluperf. pass.
:

ixsxgdfX7]v, Plat. Polit.

15: aor. pass. ixsgdaOtfv

ixgrjdrfi^,
;
:

Xen. Anab. 5, 4, Herod. 4, 152 aor. mid. Verbal ixsgdcfdfiTfv transitively, Odys. 3, 393. xgariog, Plat. Phil. 147. See also xsgdo, xigand ixgdOffv (a), Ionic 29 Soph. Trach. 662
;

vdo, xigvq^L, The forms xex^oT^at,

and contraction from

ixQu&rjv

are formed by metathesis

aBxEQafiui, txsQu&rjv.

Compare ^gdaom.

xsgdco, to mix. Epic, imperat.

2,

29 ; II. 9, 203 ; part, Athen. 11,33: imperf. ixegaov, Apol. 1, 1185. Mid. xsgdofxac transitive, 2 plur. xsgdaaOs protracted from xsgdods (xegdsade), Odys. 3, 332 ; subj. 3 plur. xsgcovTat as if from xsgafiai, imperf. like dvvcovraL from dvvafiai, II. 4, 260 ixsgaofitfv, Odys. 15, 500; 8, 470. xsgdaiva (KEPJ^SI, KEP^AN2), to gain, fut. xsgdavia, xegSava, later xsgdrjoa, Ionic xsgSrjaofiai, Herod. 1, 35 ; 3, 72 ; Arist. Nub. 1115; Anthol. 9, 390: aor. ixigddva, Ionic ixsgdr^va, ixsgdr^aa, Pind. Isth. 5, 33 ; Herod. 8, 5 ; 4, 152 perf. xsxigSa/xa and xsxsgdrixa, Dem. 1292.

xf^aand xigais, Athen. xsgav, Odys. 24, 364

xLxoi'

173
to

ycevOco,
fut.

Epic Tcsvddvco (KT0S2)^

xsvao, Odys. 3, 187
;

hide, conceal^
:

453 aor. exsvaa, Odys. 15,263: 2 aor. axvdov, Epic also (xsxv2 perf. dov) xBxvda, -C3(ji, Odys. 3, 16 6, 302 xixsvda as present, II. 22, 118: 2 pluperf. ixsxsvdsLv as imperfect, Odys. 9, 348. The root KTO- seems to be etymologically connected
II.

3,

with the Saxon hydan^ English hide.

x%ld8ay see
xico,
xrjdco

XAAZ2,
to vex, trouble, afflict,

see xela,

(KAJS2),
:

Epic,

II.

17,

550

fut. xrjdrjaco, II.

24,

240

perf. xsxrida as

xrjSofxat,

present middle, to sorrow, Tyrt. 3, 28. to sorrow, care for, II. 6, 55 :

xddrjooixai,
II.

Mid.
fut.

xe-

8,

353

aor.

ixy^dscfdixr^v,

imperat.

2 sing, xijdsaai, -^sch. Sept. 139. xLy^dva, see xi/dvco, xiSvi^fit, for xehdvvv^a, axsSdvvvixt, Poetic, Herod. Mid. xidva^ai, Eurip. Hec. 916. 7, 140. xlxXtjoxg), Poetic, for xa}.i(o, Msch. Sept. 217. KIKS2, see dnsxt^av. xlvsco, to move, regular. The fut. mid. xivqaoi.Lai

is

either reflexive or passive,

/ shall move
1, 4,

myself,
Plat.
is

or

shall be moved,

Theaet. 98. The fut. pass. xLvi^drjaoixac used as middle, iEschin. 547.
Xivvfxai, to

Xen. Cyr.

19;

also

move
II.

one's self
14,

10, ^6Q',

Epic for xiveouai, Odys. 173: imperf. Ixivv^iriv, II. 4,

281.
xigvdco

and

xigvrnxi, for xsgdvvv^i,

Herod.

4,

52

imperat. xigva&i, Pind. Nem. 9, 119 ; infin. Epic xigvdfisv for xigvdvai, Pind. Isth. 5, 31 ; part. xtgvdg, MoYic xlgvai?, Odys. 16, 14 ; Ale. 1,3:
imperf. ixigvaov
78.

Mid.

and

ixigvr^v,

Odys.
in

7,

182;

14,

xlgvafxaL, Eurip. Hip. 2o4.

xLxdvca

(KIXHMI),
15*

Poetic;

the Tragedians

74

xij^g

Ale.

also xiyx^^vco, to find, reach, II. 17, 672; Eurip. 477 ; also tclxscj : imperf. ixi^avov and iycL-

X^ov,
later

Odys. 24, 284: fut. xixTJaofiat, II. 2, 258; Apol. 1, 1482: 2 aor. EXLxov and xt/?^r, xl^sccj (xi^S), xixslriv, ycLxr]fivail xLxsis, Odys. 16, 379. 357; II. 1, 26; Mid. xLxdvo ^lac diS 2, 188; 15, 274; 16, 342. aor. ixt%7fadixr^v, II. 4, 385 active, II. 11, 441 2 aor. (or pres.) part, xtxfj^evos, Epic, II. 5,
II.

2,

18

Epic

also xi^yjaco,

187.
mid. 3 sing, in Hesychius, explained dgsv, 15, 27, cxtla is by some referred are not prepared to say that it means any to this verb. When a poem has the form of ** a Swallow's Egg" thing. it is absurd to suppose that there is any sense to it.
xt'laxo,
aor.
sXot^Ev, TJvfy'AEv.

Anthol.

We

xixgri^i (XQ^co), to lend,

Dem. 1250:

fut.

xgr}(yG),

Herod.
^at, to

3,

58:

aor. sxQriaa, Arist.

perf. pass. xf/^7//xa,

Mid. xtxgaDem. 817. borrow, imperf. ixixgdfirfv, Anthol. 9, Com584: aor. l;^^?/(;a^tt?/v, Eurip. Elec. 190. pare davsi^a), to lend ; davt^of.iai, to borrow,

Thesm. 219:

mxQviad^ai,

pres. mid. infin.,

Theoph. Char. 30.

xia (KIAGJl), to go, Poetic, xico, xcoLfic, xis, xisiv, xl6v, iEsch. Choeph. 680; Sup. 504; Odys. 1, 311 7, 50 ; Plat. Cratyl. 91 II. 1, 35 imperf. sxLov usually as aorist, II. 1, 348 ; 12, 138 ; Hes.
; ;
:

284 2 aor. ixiad^ov (I), only pound [iSTExtad^ov, II. 11, 52. 714.
Scut.
:

in the

com-

The

part,

xiojv
Icov

takes the acute on the last syllable, after

the analogy of

and

eiov,

from

flfn

and n^l.
to

xXayyaivco and xXayyia {xXd^co), Eum. 131 Theoc. Epigr. 6.

;

bark, JEsch.
to

xld^co
fut.

{KAArSl, KAArrsi, KAHrSl),

xldy^co,

shout, scream, clang. Poetic,

Soph. Antig. 112:

JEsch.
1,

xsxldy^oixai,
aor.

Pers.

947;
2
aor.

Arist.

Vesp. 930:

exXay^a,

46

xXsi

175

sxXa/ov, Eurip. Aul. 1062: 2 perf. xixXr^ya and y.k'n'ka'y'ya as present, 11. 2, 222 ; Arist. Vesp. 929.
Arist. Vesp.

929, 2 perf.

subj.

xfxXayyw, in Dindorfs

edition xExXdy/co, implying ainlayxoC'

It is an onomatopy, connected with the Latin clangOy English clang.

TcXaico

{KAATSl),
to

also

xXda, long a and without

:

weep, cry, Arist. Ran. 654 fut. xXavoo, xXavaofxac or xXavaovfxai, also xXairjcontraction,
OG) and TckaTJaa, Theoc. 23, 34 ; Arist. Lys. 505 ; Pac. 1081; Dem. 546. 440: aor. sxXavaa, -^sch. Sept. 828 perf. pass. xsxXavfiat, Soph. Tyr. 1490; later and doubtful ycixkav afxai, Anthol. 7, 281 : aor. pass, ixlava&i^v later, Anthol. App. Epigr. 341 3 fut. pass. xsxXavao^ai, Arist. Nub. 1436. Mid. xkaiofxai, Msch, Sept. 920 aor. ixXavcid(.iriv transitively, Soph. Trach. 153: perf. xexXav^ai, to he bathed in teai^s^ ^sch. Choeph. 457. 731. KAA2, to call, see xaXico.
: :

xXdo

(a),

to

break, aor. sxXdcfa, Odys. 6,

4,

128:
dno6, 6,

perf. pass. xixXaaixai,

y.Xds,

ixXdod-qv, Thuc. implying

Xen. Eq. 37 2 aor.

:

7,

aor. pass.

part. xXds,
frag.

KAHMI,
fut.

Anacr.

16.

TcXsLo, to shut, close,

xXeloco,

Xen. Anab.
36:

13:

aor. IxXeicia,

Xen. Anab.

7, 1,

perf. xk-

xXeixa, Theoph. Char. 18: perf. pass. xsxXsifxai,

commonly

xexXstcffiai, Herod. 2, 121 (2) Arist. Vesp. 198: aor. pass. ixXstaO^r^v, Xen. Anab. 3 fut. xexXslaofiai, Arist. Lys. 1071. 4, 3, 21 Mid. xXsLOfiai, aor. ixXsiGd/xriv reflexive, Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 5 ; sometimes transitivelv, as Thuc. 6, 101.
;
:

xaTaxXiilf
1290.

fut,

sing,

for xaiaxXiiaei,

Bekker's Anecd.

176

xUl

Etymologically connected with the Latin daudo, cJavis, probably xileFiw, Its original form was xXrjig). whence the Ionic xXrjioi.
{Asig,

xlsio), to celebrate,

see xXico,

xXsTtTco

(KyiEIIJl), to stcttl, fut. xXsipco, TcXsyjofiui^ Arist. Eccl. 667; Xen. Cyr. 7, 4, 13: aor. exXsyja, Soph. Aj. 1137: perf. xixXocpa, Arist. perf. pass. xixksfXfxaL, Soph. Antig. Plut. 356 aor. pass. ixXiq)&r^v, rather Ionic, Herod. 681 2 aor. pass. IxXd5, 84: 2 aor. sxXanov later Ttr^v, Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 12. Verbal xXstitsos, Soph.
: :

Phil. 57.

xiyAafi^ai(1),
VOC. inniTfjdfpmai.
TtXico

perf. pass, for yJxXffifiai,

Etymol. Magn.

and xXstco, to Hes. Theog. 32

celebrate,
:

name, Odys.

1,

338;

xXeo^ai, Pind. Isth. 5, 33: imperf. 2 sing. kxXio or bxXeo (for ixXsso), II. 24, 202. xXjj^o contracted from xlrilto, to celebrate, name, fut. xXjjaa, Horn. Hym. call, Soph. Tyr. 48
Pass.
:

imperf. sxXeov, Apol. 3, 246.

31, 18: aor. exXxfaa, Arist. Av.

|a, Orph. Arg. 1007.
xXr^L^co

905;

also exltf'

(xXsico, xXia), to celebrate, call. Poetic, Apol. 4, 1153; Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 1 fut. xXet^a) Doric, Pind. Olym. 1, 176: perf. pass. xsxXtjlpluperf. (Jixai and ixXijic^fxai, Apol. 4, 618. 990 See also xX^^tj, ixXriLdfjiriv, Apol. 4, 267. xXrfiG) (xXeico), to shut, Ionic, Herod. 4, 7: aor. exX-qiaa {ao), Herod. 1, 37; Odys. 24, 165:
:

xsxXTJia^iaL and xsxXyji^uai, Herod. 7, 117: aor. pass. ixXijiG&riv, Herod. 1, 1 65, See also xXrjc), xXjjo contracted from xXrjLa), to shut, Herod. 7, 129: imperf. exXrfov, Eurip. Rhes. 304: fut. xXyoa, Thuc. 4, 8 Doric xXa^co, Theoc. 6, 32 aor. exXjiaa, Doric 'ixXa^a, Thuc. 4, 35 ; Theoc.
perf. pass.

129;

3,

XVI?
15,
aor.
7,

177

77:

perf. pass. ycsxXrffiat, Eurip. Hel. 977: mid. ixkifadixrfv, Doric ixXa^dfii^v, Thuc.

52; Theoc. 18, 5. The Doric forms xAw^w,

sxXa^ce, ixXa^dfxrjv

are written also

Tikivci) (7),

to bend, incline, fut.

TchvS, Arist. Plut.

sxXlva, Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 3 : perf. tcsxX^xa, Anthol. 12, 213: perf. pass. xexXt^ai,

62 1

aor.

II.

3, 135: 1226; also

aor. pass. txXid^riv

ixXivd^rfv

pass. syMvriv (^),

Arist.

Q), Soph. Trach. 3, 360: 2 aor. Arist. Lys. 906. Mid. xUPoetic,
ll.

vofiat, to lean, incline, reflexive,

fut.

xXtvovixai,
17, 340.
*

Lys. 910:
;

aor. ixhrdfir^v,

Odys.

Latin cU7io is evidently the same as yMvta clivus is connected with it also the Saxon hlinian hleoniarij and the English lean.

The

xXvco

{KATMI), to hear, Poetic, Soph. Antig. 1207: imperf. axXvov as aorist, Odys. 2, 42; Soph. Col. 1766 2 aor. imperat. xXvd-i ov xexlvd^i, II. 1, 37; 10, 284; 2 plur. xXvxe or xexXvTs, II. 2, 56; 3, 86: 2 aor. mid. part. xXv^evo9,2iS an adjective, celebrated, renowned, Theoc. 14, 26; Athen. 11,38.
:

KMASl,
3

see xdfiva,

xvdo for the regular xvala, to scrape, Arist. A v. 533; infin. xv-qad-ai. Plat. Gorg. 107: imperf.
sing, axvri contracted

from exvae, as
Theaet. 60
:

aorist,

II.

11,

638:
Arist.

fut. ^cvT/'cro, Plat.

:

aor. IW?/-

aa,

Arist.

Plut.

Vesp. 965 perf. pass, xsxvrfafjtai, 973: aor. pass. axvr(od^riv, See

also xvL^co,
xvL^co, to pinch, claw, tear, fut.

xvi^^a, Arist. Ran. 1198: aor. exvLoa, Doric sxvi^a, Arist. Vesp. 1286; Pind. Pyth. 10, 94: perf. pass, xbxvlOfxai, Arist. Plat. 973 aor. pass, exviadiiv as middle, Theoc. 4, 59. See also xvda.

178
These two
cally
7(0SG),

ocoscD

verbs, yvdo) and xvl^co, seem to be etymologiconnected with the English knife,

see voioj,
II.

xovafit^a, to rattle^ ring, resound, Epic,

2,

466

aor. ixovdpriaa (?/), II. 2, 334. xovico (t), to raise dust, sprinkle with dust,

II.

820

fut.

xovtaco
II.

(i),

aor.

ixovlaa, perf.

13, pass.

Op. 479. Mid.

fiTfv

xsxovlfiai,
(aa),

14,

145; Msch. Pers. 163; Hes.

'novio^ai,

xovLaofxai, ixovlad-

reflexive, Anthol. Planud.

25

Orph.
to this

Lith.

25

Xen. Conv.

3, 8.

The

perf. pass.

nBKoviGixaif

verb, belongs to the regular ycovi^M,

sometimes subjoined Theoc. 1, 30.

xovvicj, see voec),

xoTtTo
aor.

(KOUJl),
;

to

cut, strike,

knock,

fut.

xoyjo,
18,

sxoipa, perf. xsxocpa,

6, 5,

Xen. (Econ.
perf.

5;

Hel. 5, 4, 7
:

37

pass, xixo^^ai,

Thuc. 4, 26 3 fut. pass, xsxoyjofiat, Arist. Ran. 1223: 2 perf. xexoTta Epic, II. 13, 60: 2 aor. Mid. xomofxai, to pass. ixoTtriv, Thuc. 6, 27. smite one's self for grief, bewail, lament, Herod.

2,

61

aor. ixorpoifirfv, Eurip.

Troad. 623.

xogsyvvfXL
xogicj,

xogiaa, Epic Herod. 1, 212; 11.8, 379: aor. ixogsaa, Phil. 1156: aor. pass, ixogsa&rfv as midSoph. dle, Eurip. Hip. 112: 2 perf. part, xsxogr^as as Mid. xogevvvmiddle. Epic, Odys. 18, 372. fjiai reflexive, perf. xsxogsa^iai, not Attic xsxogr^to satiate, fut.

(K0PEJ2),

^ae, Xen.
:

Mem.

3,

11,
to

13;

II.
II.

18,287; Odys.
11, 87.

8, 98 xog&vvo and xogd-va,

aor. ixogsadfxrfv (aa),

heap up, raise up, collect, muster as strength, aor. ixogd^vva, Hes. Theog.
85.

xogvaaa 273

Pass, xogd-vofiat (v), II. 9, 7. (KOPT0SI, xogvs), to arm, Poetic, II. 2, aor. ixogv^a Doric, to butt as a horned

animal, Theoc. 3, 5.

Mid. xogvaaoiiat

reflexive,

xgao)
II.

179

10,37: perf. part, xsxogv&fiivos, II. 3, 18; Eurip. Andr. 279: aor. ixogvadfxrjv (aa), not Attic sxogv^dfiT^v, to butt, II. 19, 397; Hippocr. X0T8O and xoiaivco, to be atigry, Poetic, II. 14, 143; iEsch, Sept. 485 : aor. ixozsoa, Horn. Hym. 4, 255: 2 perf. part. xsxoTt^m, II. 21, 456. Mid. xoTSouai as active, imperf. ixoTSOfir^v, II. 2, 223 :

fut.

xoTsaofiat (oa),

II.

5,

747

aor.

ixoTsadfir^v

(aa), II

23,383;

5, 177.

(x^G))f ^0 trickle down, imperf. xo^^vsaxov or xoxvSsaxov (v), Epic, Theoc. 2, 107. xgd^a {KPAJTD.), to cry aloud, fut. xgd^co, commonly xsxgd^ofiai, Anthol. 11, 141 ; Arist. Ran. 258 2 aor. exgayov, Arist. Plut. 428 2 perf. xBxgaya as present. Soph. Aj. 1236 2 pluperf. ixsxgdysiv as imperfect, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 10.
: : :

xo/vo

perf. imperal. 2 sing, syncopated, Arist. but 2 plur. xsxQa/sxe, Arist. Vesp. 415. KQuyov, 2 aor. part. neut. as an adverb, vociferously loudly, Arist. Eq. 487. It is an onomatopy^ connected with x^w'^co, hoqu^, xo^wvt}, yrJQvg, yrjQVb), xrjgvaaoj, k^qv^ (crier), Latin corvus, crocio, English crow, cry, croak, Saxon hrcsfn or hrefn {raven).

yiivQax^h 2
;

Vesp. 198

xgaiatva, a prolongation of xgaiva, Epic, imperf. ixgaiaivov, II. 2, 419 : aor. ixgrjrfva, Hom. Hym. perf. pass. 3 sing, xe3, 223 ; II. 1, 41 ; 9, 101
:

xgdavxai (da), Odys. 4, 616 pluperf. pass. 3 sing. xsxgdavTO, Odys. 4 132: aor. pass, ixgddvdrfv, Theoc. 25, 196. xgaivo (KPAN2), to finish, complete, rule over, Poetic, fut. xgava, Eurip. Sup. 375 aor. sxgdva. Epic axgrfva, Msch. Agam. 369 Odys. 20, 115: perf ^ass. 3 sing, xixgavvai, ^sch. Sup. 943 ; Eurip. Hip. 1455: aor. pass. ixgdvOriv, Pind. Pyth. 4, 311 fut. mid. xgaviofiat as passive, II.
: :

9, 626.

KPASl,

see xsgdvw^c.

::

180
^^gifiafiai, to

x^f^

hang, be in a state of suspension, be hanging, inflected like laxa^iai, opt. xgsfxaifirfv and xgsfioiixTfv, Arist. Nub. 870 ; Vesp. 297 imperf. ixgs(xdfirfv, II. 15, 18: fut. xgsfi7J60(xai, Arist. Vesp. 808. See also xgsfxdvvvfii, xgrj-

xQEfiTjui, the active form, occurs in the part. xgsfidvTsgy

Athen.

1,

46.

xgsfidvvvfiL (xgsixdco), to hang, suspend, fut. xgsfid-

aa

(a),

xgsfxS, Arist. Plut.

:

312:

aor. ixgsixdaa,

Arist.

Nub. 229
7, 4,

Anab.

intransitive,

xgsfxdvwfiaL, to hang, usually xgifxa^ai, which see aor.

17.
:

Mid.
;

aor.

pass.

ixgsfxdaOr^v,

Xen.

ixgfia(jdf.ir^v reflexive

sometimes

transitive,

as

Hes. Op. 627.

7, 83.

KQSfiobJ, fut. protracted from nQEfjoj {xQf^daa), x^ffidco), II. The simple theme ygsfidco is not used by the classi-

cal writers.

xg-q^vdo and xgjjfxvr^fXL, for xgsiidvvv^i, part, xgr^Mid. xgrjfxvafiai, iEsch. fjLvdg, Pind. Pyth. 443.

Sept. 229

imperf. ixgrifivcovxa,
6, 39.

xaj txgri^vavxo,
2
aor. exgixov,

Horn.
II.

Hym.

KPIZQ,
16,

to creak,

shriek, squeak,

470: ^Y^ed, xkxglya

as present, Arist.

Av. 1521. xgivo {I), to separate, judge, decide, fut. xgivEo, xgLva, Hippocr. Jusjur. ^ 1 ; Soph. Col. 79
aor. sxgiva,

Xen. Hel.
perf.

1,

7,

38:

perf. xsxgixa,

Dem. 283
1663
:

pass, xixg^^ai, Eurip. Phoen.

ixgiOriv (^),
3,

aor.

pass.

Pind. Pyth. 8, 121 ; II. Hippocr. de Art. ^ 15.

cide, dispute, choose,

Mid.

98.

Epic ixgivOr^v, Verbal xgnios,

xgivofxai, to de-

select, interpret as

fut. xgivsofxai, xgcvovfjiai,

See

Med. 609

aor.

Odys. 18, 149 ixgtvdfiriv, Odys. 4, 778

a dream, ; Eurip.
;

8, 36.

also dnoxgivo^ai.


XtH
It is clearly

181

connected with the Latin cerno, crevi, cretum.

to hide,

xgvTtTco

(KPTBS2),
7> 3,

conceal^

fut.

^cgvipcD,

12: aor. axgvyja, Thuc. 2, 34: perf. pass. xixgvfi[.iai, perf. ycexgv(pa, Hippocr. Soph. Tyr. 1398 aor. pass. ixgvcpOrfv, Thuc. 2, 39 3 fut. Tcexgvifjoixat, Hippocr. 2 aor. pass. exgy^-qv the usual aorist passive, Soph. Aj. 1145. Mid. Verbal xgvTuio?, Soph. Antig. 273. xgv7tT0f.iai reflexive or transitive, Xen. Anab. 1, 1,6; Soph. Aj. 647 fut. xgytpofxat, Soph. perf. pass, xeTrach. 474 ; Eurip. Bac. 955 aor. ixgvxpdfir^v, Soph. Anxgyfifxai^ Dem. 836

Xen. Cyr.

tig.

246.
1,

24, usually regarded as a second imperf. iterative, II. 8, 278. Soph. Aj. 1145, the 2 aor. part, xgv^slg is edited also x^vEurip. Bacch. 955, for tcqv^tj^ cpslg, implying KPTfPfl. See Matt. Gram. vat, the Codex Palatinus has xQV(f)7Jvcii. 193. Obs. 3 (5th edit. 1832). It is not absurd to suppose that tcQvmco is a modification of xaXvTtib) see aXe^<a.
aorist active.

lnQv^oVy N. T. Luc.

xQvmaaxov,

'

xido^ai, to acquire,

fut.

xiTJoo/xai,

Soph. Trach.

and exx-q^ai as present, to possess, have, Thuc. 1, 33 JEsch. Prom. 795 aor. pass. ixiTJOr^v passively, Thuc. 1, 123 aor. mid. ixTi^ad[X7iv, Soph. Aj. 777 : 3 fut. xexr^aohave, Eurip. l^iai and ixTrjaofiai, shall possess,
471
:

perf.

xixirfixat

Ale. 181

Plat.

Lach. 21.

'

Verbal

xtt^tco?, Plat.

Rep.

2, 13.

i(Ei(Ti]a&s, Isoc.

3 sing. Xen. Conv. 1; 2 plur. 37 opt. xsxTij^rjv, Plat. Leg. 8, 7; 1 plur. xsxTi]fis&a, Plat. Rep. 6, 15. Also opt. 3 sing, xsxtmto, Xen. Ages. 9, 7 3 plur. xxTw>f^a, Eurip. Heracl. 282.
xsnTrjjai, perf. subj.
:

xTstvo
3,

{KTENn, KTANn, KTASl),

Epic
also xiaveo,

to

kill,

slay, fut. XTsvio, xtsvS,

Herod*

30; Thuc. 3, 58; II. 18, 309: aor. ixrstva, Soph. Tyr. 1392: perf. sxrdxa and sxiayxa.

182
later, Aristotel.
;

TCTlll

also ixjovr^xa rare, Xen. Hier. 8 aor. pass. ixTddr^v Epic, and ixjdvdtiv later, Odys. 4, 537; Anthol. 14, 32; 2 perf. exiova the usual perfect active, Xen. Anab. 2, 1, 8: 2 aor. exTuvov Poetic, II. 2, 701 also (from
3,
:

exxdv Poetic, xtw, xidfuvai or xid(jlv for xxdvai, xids, Soph. Trach. 38 fut. mid. xxavso^at as passive, II. 14, 481 2 aor. ixidfxi]v Poetic, xidadai, xxdfxsvos, as passive, II. 15, 437. 558; ^sch. Pers. 923. See also Rem.
: :

KTHMI)

72.
nTBwuBv, 2 aor. subj. Epic for xiMfisp, dissyllabic in pronunciation, Odys. 22, 21G. It is connected with xalvM, and Latin ccsdo, cudo, English
cut.

Its

cut

primary meaning seems to be hence to kill, slay^ put to death.

is

We suppose
;

to

smite, strike, beat,

further

that xTslvb)
one.

the causative of -^v^axta, to die

tirog, to die

construction ano&aviiv vno

hence the hy the hand of any

xxi^uvog (xTito, KTIMI), r/, ov, Epic, built, founded, a defective 2 aor. mid. part, w^ith a passive signification ; used only in composition, ivxTifxsvos,
II.

2,

569.
(xxslvco), to kill, only in

xTivvvfiL

and xrivvvco

com2

position, ditoxxlvvv^L,

Xen. Hel.

6, 5,

4, 4,

Plat. Gorg. 53.

anoHTlvvvfisv, subj. 1 plur. for Compare Gorg. 53 rather doubtful. xai, from axeddvvv^i.
;

anoxTLvvv(Ofisv,

Plat.

otiEdavvvoi, axsddvvv-

xxvTiico

to sound, crash, Poetic, II. 13, ixxvnrioa, Soph Col. 1606: 2 aor. Mid. xxvnio^aL as active, exxvTtov, II. 8, 75.

{KTTUSl),
aor.

140:

Arist. Plut. 758.

xvito

and xva, to he pregnant, II. 23, 266 ; Arist. Lys. 745 also to bring forth, later, Palaeph. 2, aor. ixvr^1. 5: fut. xv7\(So, xvijaoiiuL, Hippocr.
; :

xcofia

18S

aa, Arist. Thesm. 641 ; also sxvaa causative, to impregnate, iEsch. frag. 38 : perf. xsxvrixa, Anthol. 7, 385.
xvtaxco,
to

conceive,

Mid.

xviaxofjiai

as active,

mid. ixva a ^ir^v or ixvad^iriv (ad), II. Hes. Theog. 125. xvXLvdo), xvXivbsco^ and xvXlo (i), to roll. Soph. Antig. 590 Arist. Vesp. 202 ; Xen. Anab. 4, 2, 3 fut. xvXivdr^ac) rare, Herodes Attic. Pag. Triop. 35 aor. ixvliaa, Arist. Thesm. 767; Pind. frag.

Herod.

2,

92: 6, 26
;

aor.

2 (i^sxvhctaev)
Cyr. 5,

perf.

pass.

xsxvXidiiai,

Xen.

50. See also xaXivSiofiai. xvvio {KTSl), to kiss, fut. xvvrjaofiai, Eurip. Cycl. 172: aor. sxvaa (aa), Arist. Ran. 788; II. 8, The compound ngoaxwico, to ivorship, is 371.

3,

aor. pass. ixvkLodi^v,

Soph. Elec.

regular

as aor. ngoasxvvriaa, Poetic also jigoai' ; xvaa, Soph. Phil. 533.

It is not absurd to suppose that it is etymologically connected with the Saxon cyssan, German kussen, English kiss.

xvuTCi

(KT0SI,

xifcpoc;)^

to stoop ^ fut. xvxpo),

com-

monly
71
:

(pa,

Av. 146; Plat. Euthyd. aor. sxvyja, Xen. (Econ. 11, 5: perf. xsxvArist. Lys. 1003.
xvi/^o^at,
Arist.
:

XV go (v), to fall in with, meet, chance^ Eurip. Hip. 746 fut. xvgdc). Soph. Col. 225 aor. exvgaa, Herod. 3, 77. Mid. xvgoiiai as active, II. 24,

530. xva, to he pregnant, see xvicn. KTSl, to kiss^ see xvvio. xoixd^cD (xSuos), to revel, celebrate in song, regular aor. ixafiaaa, Doric ixS^a^a, Eurip. Here. Mid. xofxa^o^ai ap180; Pind. Nem. 2, 38. parently as active, xcoixdaoijiai, Pind. Isth. 4, 124; Pyth. 9, 157.
:


184
Aa/3

AABH^
Xayx(^vco

see Xafij3dvo,

{AAXSl, AHXSl, AEFXn),

to obtain

by 14; Herod. 7, 144: perf. slItixol and 'kkloyx^-t Doric aad;^a, Soph. Aj. 1058; Col. 1235; Thelot, fut. lrj^of,iaL,

Ionic Xd^ofxai, Plat. Rep. 10,

oc. 16,

84

perf. pass. sHrf/ixac,

Dem. 873

aor.

pass. iX7J%driv, Dem. 990 : 2 aor. IXaxov, Verbal kr^xTsos, Isaeus, 176. 5, 21.

Thuc.

iXXnxov, 2 aor. Epic for 'ilaxov, Horn. Hym. 4, 86. l^laxia, 2 aor. subj. Epic, to cause to partake^ 11. 7, 80.

Xd^ofxai

and
xALrist.

Xd^vfxai, Poetic

for

Xaii^dvco,

II.

4,

357

Lys. 209.

XdBo^ai, Doric for XijOofxat. SI, see Xavddvco, la-adla for Acctrxa, -^sch. Sup. 872; Sept. 186. XdycEco, Doric for Xr^xico, Xdaxco,

AAG

AAKSl,
Xafi^dva)

see kdctxa,

{AABSl, AAMBSl, AHBH),

1, 7,
;

to take,

fut. kijipofxac,

Ionic Xdfxxpofxai, Doric Xaxpovfiai,

Herod. 1, 199; Theoc. 1, 9 Thuc. 1, 77; Ionic leXdjii^xa perf. pass, ellrf^ixai, somerare, Herod. 4, 79 times IsXr^fjifxai, Ionic XiXafxfiat, Xen. Con v. 3, 13; Arist. Eccl. 1090; Herod. 3, 117: aor. pass. ilrjfdriv, Ionic iXdfjKpOr^y, Soph. Trach. 810; Herod. 2, 89 2 aor. 'da^ov, Soph. Tyr. 276. Verbal At^tttIo?, Arist. Eq. 603. Mid. Aa/^^Savo^ai, to take hold of, Eurip. Heracl. 48 2 aor. ika^ofiriv, Soph. Col. 373.
4: perf.
SLkrjcpa,
:

Xen. Anab.

tXXa^ov, eXXa^ofirjv, 2 aor. Epic for sXa(Sov, fXa^ofjrjv, Odys. 1, 298; 5, 325. XsXai^ia&ah^ aor. mid. Epic for Xa^sa&m, Odys. 4, 388.
XufXTtsToayv (kdfiTTco), shining, a defective participle,

protracted from kaj-inejcoy (-dcov),

II.

1,

104.


Xa<pv
XavSdvG)^ Poetic also
escape notice,
Eccl.

185
to lie hid,

X^da (^^0S2),
:

Soph. Tyr. 1325

I'AT^tra
;

fut. hjaco, Arist.

rather rare, Thuc. 8, 10 ; sometimes causatively, to Xen. 1 aor. pass. lAacause to forget, Odys. 20, 85 part. eTtiad-qv Doric, to forget, Theoc. 2, 46

98

aor.

Cyr. 1,6,

XaoOsv, unnoticed in song, forgotten, Pind. frag. 86 3 fut. pass. XelTjoo^aL as middle, / will for:
.

get,

198: 2 aor. UaOov, Thuc. 4, Xen. Mem. 2, 3, 11; some133 2 Mid. as middle, to forget, Herod. 3, 46. times
Eurip.
Ale.
:

perf. likr^da,

Xavddvoiiai,
'

Poetic also krjdo^ai, to forget,

II.

9,259:

fut. Aj^'tfo^oce,

as passive. Soph. Elec.

a^ai, Epic also

5,

Odys. 1, 1249 perf. pass. XslrfII. kskaaixai, Soph. Elec. 342

:

308; sometimes
;

834

aor.

ilriad(xrfv

equivalent

to

sXaOov,

Apol. 3, 737; Doric iKdadixriv, Mosch. 3, 2 aor. ikaOofir^v, Msch, Sup. 731.

63:

^
.

XsXa&ov, 2 aor. Epic for I'Aa^oi', causative, to cause to forget, 11.2,600: but opt. XsXd&oifii, Apol. 3, 778, has the regular meaning. XfXa&ofirjv, 2 aor. mid. Epic for eAa127. Hes. Theog. 471, opt. XeXd&oiTo '&6fiT}v, II. 4, equivalent to the active Xddoi. XsXu&a, iniXiXd&a, 2 perf. Doric, as middle, to have forgotten, Pind. Olym. 10, 4. ixXsXd&(ov, 2 aor. part, adjectively, caMs/??.^ /or^e^fulness, oblivious, Theoc. 1, 63; with the accent on the pe-

_nult. This verb

lateo.

is

etymologically connected with

the

Latin

Xdoxco
aor.

{AAK2),
:

to speak, gabble,

Poetic, Eurip.

Andr. 671

Pac. 381 : eldx-qaa (a), Arist. Pac. 382, but d. Nub. 410: 2 aor. f Aaxoi/, Soph. Trach. 824: 2 perf. Xslayca, Epic lilr^xa, as present, jEsch. Prom. 407; II. 22, 141 2 aor. raid. Xslaxofiriv Epic, Horn. Hym. 2, 145. See also Ai/o, to say, telL
fut.

?.ax7Jao^ai,

Arist.

XsX(xxv'la,2 perf. part. fem. for XuXi}xv7a, Odys. 12, 86.

kacpvado, to devour, see diaxa, 16*

186

lax(o
see Xay^^vco, see koa,

AAXSl,

A A SI,
229
:

to bathe,

Xaco, to see, Epic,

Horn.

Hym.

2,

360

Odys, 19,

imperf. Idov, Odys. 19, 230.

It may possibly be etymologically connected with the English interjection lo! equivalent to Uov ! see! behold!

Xdco, to wish, see XS.

Xiyo, to say, tell, regular : aor. pass, always iXexOr^v fut. mid. Xe^o^xai as passive, Eurip. Ale. 322. The perfect XeXsxoL is not found.
e

This verb
loquor
is

to be nothing

connected with Xdonca (AAKR), which seems more than an onomatopy. Further, the Latin connected with Xaazoa, and consequently with Ae'/w,
is

Xiycj, to

enumerate, gather,
:

collect, select^ choose, II.

:

23, 239

fut.

Xi^a),
:

Odys. 24, 223

ecXoxa,

aor. sXs^a,
:

Dem. 328 perf. pass. siXsy^iai, sometimes XsXsyfxat, Dem. 650 Herod. 7, 40 aor. pass. iXixdr^v, Xen. Mem. 3, 2 aor. iXi/rfv, Dem. 1208. Verbal Xsxii5, 2
Thuc.
8,

44

perf.

o?. Plat.

Rep.

3,

19

5, 6.

Mid.
:

ally as active, II. 8,

508. 547

fut.

Xiyo^ai usuXk^o^at, Doric

II.

Xslovf.iai,

125.

The forms uXoxa,

iXiyr^v

Call.

Min. 116:

aor. iXs^dfxr^v,

2,

eiXsyfiaL or XiXsyixai,

are found only in composition, But fAsavvsiXo^a, dvXXkXey^ai, xOiiv, II. 3, 188. iXsyfirjv, 2 aor. mid. as passive, Odys. 9, 335; 3 sing. XinTo transitive, Odys. 4, 45!. Not to be confounded with the corresponding forms from AEXJl.
iXs/d7]v,

as avXXiyco,

natural to suppose that the meanings to enumerare modifications of the general idea to utter a SOUND, SAY, TELL, which idea is as physical as any other.
It is
ate,

&c.

AErXSl,
XeiTio

see Xayxdvo,
Xiintdvo)

and

17:
later,

fut. Xstyjo,

{AIIIS2), to leave, Thuc. 8, Soph. Phil. 1084: aor. k'XsLxpa

:

Pythagor. 70

perf. pass.

XiXeL^^at, Xen.

Ux^
Cyr. 2, 2, 3
:

187

Thuc. 3, 1 1 Xen, Anab. 2, 4, 5 3 fut. 2 aor. shjiov, Soph. Antig. 143 2 perf. Xelonta^ Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 21. Verbal XsiTtTsog, Eurip.
aor. pass.

aXdcpdriv^

pass. Xsketyjofjiac,

Here. 1385.

Mid.

?,si7tofiat, to

be left behind,

be inferior, fall short of, Xelx^oiiaL^ XiXeLniiai, Hes. Op. 198; Eurip. Sup. 904: 2 aor. ihno^r^v,
II.

3,

one's

self,

160; sometimes transitively, Herod. 1, 186 ; 2, 134.

aor.
for

to leave for

shnov, Apol. 2, 1034. illcp&rjv, mistake in copying, Apol. 1, 1325. sXeiTTTo, imperf. pass, for iXslnsTo, as aorist, Apol. 1, 45; formed in imitation of the old Epic forms 5t'xTo, Herod. 7, 164, the imperf. iXei7i6fif}v is transiXe'xjo, &c.
aor. pass, for iXslcp&Tjv, if not a

sXXtnov, 2

tive.

The form Xi^ndvta is etymologically connected with the Latin linquo; and Xslnoi, with the English leave,
Xsixo {AEIXMSl, AIXMSl), to lick, aor. Usi^a, iEsoh. Eum. 106: 2 perf. part. Xsluxixm dudi Xelix^m, playing loith the tongue as a serpent, Hes. Theog. 826.
It is hardly necessary to remark that this verb is connected with the Latin lambo, lingo, lingua, English lick.

XeVirmai, see XtXaiofxai, Xsvaaco (Aa), to see, defective.

AEX2,

cause to sleep, Epic, aor. Not to be 24, 635. confounded with the corresponding forms from Uyco, Mid. to lie doicn to rest,
to to rest,

put

Af|a, Af|oi/,

II.

14,

252;

AEXOMAI,

sleep,
II.

fut.

li^o^ai, Odys. 4, 413: aor. iXe^dixr^v,

14.360.

-y Xiyfisvog, pres. mid. part, syncopated, Odys. 2, 196. Xiyjo or sXenTo, 2 aor mid. syncopated, Odys. 19, 50; imperat. 2 sing. At'lo or Xi^so, II. 24, 650; 9, 617; 4, 453 Odys. 19,598: infin. Xsx&at, yaraXix&ac, Odys. 15,394. The nouns Xe^og, bed, and Xo/og, an ambush, are derived from this theme. Compare also the Latin lectus, lectulus, Saxon ligan, legan, English lie, lay.
:

188

A?^i3fi}

AHBSl,
7,

see ka^jj^dvco,

Xr^Odvco (krjdco)y ixXriddvo), to cause to forget^

Odys.

221. }.rjdo, see Xavddvco, IrittfjD^ to pillage, carry off forcibly, rob, Thuc. 4, 41; rare in the present active: perf. pass, ksXriia^ai and XilrfOfxaL, Eurip. Med. 256 ; Troad. 373: aor. pass. fA7^(;(9?^v, Apol. 4, 401. Mid.

XrfL^ofiai

fiat (oa),
iadfii]v

transitive, Herod. 4, 112: fut. Xrilao' Herod. 6, 86 Odys. 23, 28 aor. fA?^(aa) and ilr^adfii^v, Herod. 3, 47 II.
;
:

for Xdaxco, Odys. 8, 379. see Xayxdvco, kid^eo, etymologically connected with xXtvoj, in HeMid. Xid^ofxai, to turn aside^ separate sy chilis. one^s self, also to drop, fall, sink, Epic, 11. 20,

18,28. kfiTcsG), Epic

AHXSl,

420
aor.

24, 96

pluperf. XsXidafiriv,

Mosch.
II.

4,

18
1,

pass, ihdadrjv as

middle,

15,543;
II.

349.

AlZSl
125.

or

AirrSl,

to

twang, aor. Uiy^a,

Xdco),
to

4,

XiXatofiai

(AIAAS2,
II.

desire
:

earnestly^
also

crave. Epic,

13,
;

253
II.

20, 76

perf. ?.sUr^fiai,

Theoc. 25, 196

eager, hasteiiing,

part.
4,

XeXirifihog

means

465

pluperf. AfAtj^p^v,

Apol. 3, 646.
Observe that the I of the root is dropped and pluperfect compare nmXog from nlvvfa.
;

in

the perfect

XifiTtdvoi,

see XeiTto,

Xinxa), to desire earnestly, Apol. 4,

XiXififiaL transitive, ^Esch. Sept.
It is etymologically

813

perf.

mid.

355, 380.

The
like.

root

Xm- mky

connected with the Latin libet, libido. possibly be connected with the English

Xlaaoiiai

and

XtTop.ai,

to

supplicate,

II.

1,

174;

Xvfxa
Arist.

189

Thesm. 313: aor. ihadfir^v (U), Odys. 11, 35; 10, 526; II. 1, 394: 2 aor. ihioi^triv, Odys. 14, 406; II. 16, 47.

Xoso, to bathe, transitive, Epic, imperf. iXoeov, ildvv, Odys. 4, 252 : aor. ilosaa (aa), II 23, 282.

See

also Ao,

Xovico, Xovco.

Mid.

to bathe,
:

aor. reflexive, fut. Xoiaao^ai, Odys. 6, 221 s}.oeaodn7}v, Hes. Op. 520. Xovso for lova, Horn. Hym. 4, 290. Xova contracted from Xoico, to bathe, transitive,

regular.

See
is

also Xoio), Xoca, kovico.

This form

not

much

used in the present and imperfect.

Xova^ai, Xov/usvog,
iXov(^r)V,
it

As

to i'Xov, fXov^fv, Xovfxai, Xov,

usually subjoined to this form,

satisfactory to refer

would on the whole be more

them

to Xoco.

koco,

tive, imperf.

the original theme of Xoico, Poetic in the ac3 sing. Aof, skov, Odys. 10, 361 ;

Arist.

Vesp.
Plut.

118;

plur. plur.

ikovfisv
loov,

(ikoofjisv),
1,

Arist.

120.

Mid.

657; 3

Hom. Hym.

Xoofiai, Xovf^ai, to bathe, reflexive,

Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 11 ; Arist. Nub. 838; imperat. Xov (Xoov), in Hesychius; infin. Xoead^ai, Xovad'at, Hes. Op. 747; Odys. 6, 216; part. Aoi/imperf. lAoi/fisvog (Xooi^isvos), Arist. Plut. 658 Athen. 4, 60 3 sing. iXovzo firfv (iXoo^riv),
:

(iXosTo), Herod. 3,

125; 3

plur.

iXovvjo (iXo-

ovTo),
a

Xen. Cyr.

4, 5, 4.

We

Xmvto, protracted Xwovxo, imperf. mid. 3 plur. implying theme AASl, Call. Min. 72. 73. This verb is connected with the Latin lavo^ lautum. may assume then A A ^SL as the original form.

XvfjiatvoixaL
sult,

{ATMANIl), to outrage, injure, infrustrate; sometimes passively, Lysias, 826 : fut. Xviiavov^ai, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 24 : perf. ?.kv[A,acifiac, 3 sing. XeXv^iavjai, Dem. 1375.
570; sometimes
passively,

Herod.

9,

112:

aor.


f96

'

iMi

pass. iXvfjidv&j^v passively, iEsch.

aor. mid. ikvfirivd^r^v,

Choeph. 290:

Herod.

8, 28.

kvo, to loose, release, untie, fut. kvaco (v), Soph. Tyr. 407: aor. akijaa, 11. 2, 808 perf. AfAi/xa, Athen. 13, 44 ; Arist. Vesp. 992 perf. pass. Xslvfiai, II. 8, 103: aor. pass. iXv&r^v (t)), Arist. Thesm. 1207 3 fut. Xelv6oiiai, Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, Verbal Xvxio?, Plat. Gorg. 80. Mid. 37. Xvofiai, usually to ransom, kvaofxat, XiXvuai, iXvadfiriv, II. 1, 13; Dem. 958; Xen. Anab. 7,
:

8, 6.

Xen. Cyr.
sense.
passive.

Eurip. Med. 146,

perf. pass. opt.

1, 6, 9,

nazalvao^ai

is

apparently passive in

xajaXvaaifxTjv likewise apparently

Odys. 18, 238. Xv^riv II. 21, 80 3 sing. Xvio {v) as passive, II. 21, 114. 425; 24, 1; 3 plur. Xvvto as passive, II, 7, 16; 15, 435. Xv&l, 2 aor. imperat. like

XslvTo,

sing.,

(v),

aor. mid.

as if from yJTMI,

xXv^i, Pind. frag. 55.

Etymologically connected with the Latin solvOf solutus, English loose. For the prefix so-, compare sorbeo, Qoq>s(o servo, 'PTjfl {igva) compare also English slack,
;

Xco,

Doric

for d^iko,

Xcofiss, Xrjis, XcovTi, Arist.

contracted from Xda, X^g, Xj}, Lys. 981. 1105. 1162.

1163; Theoc. Thuc. 5, 77;

also XiXacofxai.

1,

part.

12; Athen. 6, 28; infin. Av,, Athen. 6, 28.

See

Xrjy,

Xo^do^ai,

to maltreat, insult, fut. Xa^rjciofxai, Plat.

Crito, 7: perf.

XsXdjSruxai passively,

55 330:
1

aor. pass. iXa^rid-qv passively.

Herod. 3, Soph. Phil.

is

aor. mid. iXaSriad^riv,

anEX(a^)]&7},

II.

1,

232.

Soph. Aj. 217,

according to the Scholiast,

either passive or reflexive.

ing, has been disgraced.

Ellendt prefers the latter mean-

M.

MAG

SI,

[laifida

{MA II),

see fiavd^dvo. long a, to desire earnestly,

to

liagn
rage,
Poetic,
II.

191
13,

20,
II.

490;
5,

78; Soph. Aj.

50
13,

aor. ifx-aifxr^aa,

670.
II.

fiaificoaai,

plur. protracted for fiaifiwai {(^uifjdovai), II.

75
;

part. fiuificaMv, -(owaa, -cowrrog or -looviog,

15, 742.

542

Apol. 2, 269; Herod. 8, 77.

fjiaivcj

(MANSl),

only in the

compound
:

ixfiaivG),

madden, Eurip. Hip. 1229 aor. sfir^va, Arist. Thesm. 561; Soph. Trach. 1143: 2 aor. pass. 2 fut. pass. ifidvr^v as middle. Soph. Aj. 726
to
:

middle, later, Anthol. 11, 216: 2 perf. fisfjii^va as present middle, to be mad, Mid. ^atvoftai, to be rave, Soph. Antig. 790. fut. ^avov^ai, Herod. 1, 109: perf. mad, raving, [xffjioivrffjLai Epic, Theoc. 10, 31: aor. i^rivd^riv Epic, II. 6, 160.
fxavrjdofiai

as

fiaioiiai

{MASl),

to feel

after,

touch, seek, probe,

Odys. 13, 367; Soph. Aj. 287: fut. fxdao/xai {aa), II. 4, 190: aor. ifiaadixriv (ao), Odys. 13,
429.

MAKSl,
fxav&dva

see firfxdofxai,

to learn, understand, fut. ^aSoph. Aj. 284 perf. fisfidd^r^xa, Xen. d^7Jao(xai, Mem. 3, 3, 11: 2 aor. sfia&ov, Thuc. 1, 40: fut. mid. fiad-svfxai Doric, contracted from fiad'iofjiat, Theoc. 11, 60. Verbal ^a^T^iios, Arist. Vesp. 1262.
:

{MAS12),

t^fia&ov, 2
[jidgvaixai,
in the

aor. Epic,

Odys. 17, 226

18, 362.

to fight,

Poetic,

inflected
II.

like laxafiai
4,

present and imperfect, fxdgva^ai, Hes. Scut. 110;

513;

subj.

opt.

fiagvotfir^v,

Odys. 11, 513; imperat. [xdgvao (fidgvaao), II. 15, 475: imperf. sfiagi/dfxrfv^ Eurip. Phoen. 1142. Pind. Nem. 5, 86, ind. 3 sing, [idgvarai may have a
long penult.
(xdgTtTO)

{MAPnSl, MAHSl),
II.

to

take \old
:

of,

seize, catch, fut. fidgxpo),

15,

137

aor. efiagyja,

192
:

fiaciT

Soph. Aj. 444 2 aor. fiifxagTZov, also without the g, e^anov and ^sixanov, Hes. Scut. 231. 252. 245 : 2 perf. fisfiagjia, Hes. Op. 202.
i^Bfiagnto, pluperf.
fxac^Tioav,
f

pass.

3 sing, Hes. Scut. 245, in

Goetling's edition, for the usual ^s^txQnov.

protracted from fiaaiLcov (fxaaTtdov), scourging, a defective Epic part, equivalent to fiaaxcycov from the regular ^aaxiyoco, Hes. Scut.

431.

Epic (iadTico, to scourge, whip, lash, II. 1 7, 622; Hes. Scut. 466: aor. s^dajila, II. 5, 768. fidxo^ai. Epic and Ionic also fxa^eofxat, to fight, II. 1,272; Herod. 7, 104: fut. fxa;^sciofxai, ixaxso^lat, fia^ovfxai Attic, also fia/rjaofiai Epic, Herod. 7, 209; II. 2, 366; 1, 298; Soph. Phil. 1253 perf. fXBiidxriiiai, rarely ixsfxd^^eo^iai, Isoc. 127; Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 14: aor. ifxa^^sadfir^v {do), Xen. Anab. 1, 7, 17; Theoc. 22, 74. Verbal
fxaoTt^c),
:

fxa^^sjios or fia^^riTeos, Plat.

Soph. 73. 66,

the sake of uniformity, write aor. mid. ifiax^oaTo for Ipiaxioattxo, a reading not supported by manuscript authority, and therefore worth little. Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 14, avfifiE[i(xx^o(iiv(av is written also ov/i/ua/critics, for

Some

aafisvav. f^axsiofiEvog and ^a%Bov[iBvog, pres. Epic, Odys. 17, 471; 11,403.

part.

MA SI and MENQ,
ly, to
'

to desire earnestly, or strong-

he eager, intend, Poetic, 2 perf. fiifiova and fzifxaa as present, fisixdicj, fisfiacos, II. 5, 482 ;

.^sch. Sept. 686: 2 pluperf. ifisfidsiv as imperfect.

Mid.
;

fidofiai as active.
if

Soph. Col. 836

infin. ficoso as
1
,

from

-eoco,

20

infin.

^coad-ai,

Xen. Mem. 2, Theogn. 769. See also

Doric,

fiifjLvijaxco,

Theoc. 25, 64, fii^aiv

ent.

is

an imperfect from a
ifj.siiirjiiov,

new

pres-

Compare

avrjvo&sv,

agrigBV,

AJSEOSLy aQaQiaxa),
from
ylyvofiai.

fiTjxdofiai,

%Evx(a<.

The 2

tetsvxstoVj

from

perf. fiifiovu

evidently belongs to this theme.

Compare

ye'yaa, ye/ova,


ixsig

::

193

This theme may possibly be connected with the Latin moveo, meo; perhaps it once had the digamma, MAF^^Further, Mavors, the original form of Mars, the impetuous The Latin mens, mind, is god, may be connected with it.
usually referred to

MENU, whence

fievog.

[zidoiiai, to

concern one's self about, think of, plan, machinate. Epic, II. 2, 384 ; 4, 21 ; 9, 622 : fut. fxedijaoixaL, II. 9, 650.

Etymologically connected with fi^^dofiai, fiiXo), iiilo^ai, and perhaps with the Latin medeor, meditor. For the commutation of 8 and I, compare "Obvaafvg, "OXvaasvg, Ulysses ; 8ddaavg, XixoLog AJJl, aUg o^w xQvov, lacryma ; da-, k(x'
'

'

(O/IJl), odor, oleo.

fxeda), to rule,

Soph.
^edscov,

x\ntig.
II.

1119;

The participle and 2, 276. force of a noun, ruler* fiidav has usually the fxs&ti]fiL (^erd, uiut), to send off, let go, fxed-rjaco, &c. as in irffxt: perf. fjLS^id'etxa, Anacr. frag. 78:
[ledav
perf. pass. part. fx(Aii^ivos Ionic,
fut.

II.

2,

79;

part.

Herod.

5,

108

35.

See

mid. fxsTrjao^aL as passive, Ionic, Herod. 5,

also la,
to

fied^vaxco

(i,i&vo),

intoxicate,

aor.

i^id^vaa,

Athen. 9, 51 : perf. pass, lisiis&vafiat, Athen. 4, 78: aor. pass, ifisd^va&r^v as middle, to get drunk, Eurip. Cycl. 167; Arist. Vesp. 1252. Mid. (.led-vaxoaai, to get drunk, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3,
1 1
.

See

also fxa&vco,

fis&va&rjv, aor. pass, infin. iEolic for jLtsdva&rjvai, Ale. apud Athen. 10, 35. Some editors, without manuscript authority, write ^s&va&^v, with the circumflex on the last

As to the infinitives ysvvij&tjv, snt'/Q(xq)r)v, OTecpavb)&i]v, SLaevex^V^ ^^ the inscriptions (Gregor. Corinth.), they prove nothing, inasmuch as the accents are omitted.
syllable.

fi&vco

(if),

to get drunk, defective,

MEIPSl {MEPSl,
allot. Poetic,

MOP SI), to divide, distribute,

h'fifxogsg,
II.

Odys.
3,
;

18, 240.

aor.

Apol.
1,

perf. e^fiogs as middle,

278

4 4, 62 Odys. Op.
;

17


194
345.

; '

iiax

Mid.

fistgofiaty

to obtain, transitive,
perf.

II.

9,

616; Hes. Op. 576;

sonal eifxagxat,
it

pass.

3 sing, imper1

is fated^

Dem.

435

part.

sifxagfiivos, fated,

ordained by fate, Soph. Trach.

169;

also fxefiogr^rai, (xsfiogrf^ivos

1,

and
it

fxefiogfii-

vos, Apol.

646; Anthol.

7,

466. 700: pluperf.

loas fated,

pass. 3 sing, impersonal si^oLgjo,

Dem. 293

also fisixogrfTo, Apol. 1, 973.

sfifioQavTi,

perf.

plur. Doric, in

Hesychius.

(xifio-

Q a XT at, perf. pass. 3 sing, in the sense of sfi^oQs, Plat. Loc.

2;

implying

MOPAZSL.

Efx^QaxaL
'

Efi^gafiivTj for

dfxaQixsvr], in

for u^aqjai, and Hesychius; formed as follows;

MElPIl,
VT]
'

e^ccQittL, f(xaQiA,svf},

like cpx^slQa, tip&aQfiai, icpdaqfii-

by metathesis and epenthesis, i'^/Sgarai, s/n^Qafievfj. Compare ufi^QOTog from -, fiogrog 7]fi(3QOTov from afiagTccvo) cucumya^^Qog from ydy.og usarj^^gla from fxsaog, rjfisgci ber ^ French coucombre, Latin cucumis or cucumer ; number^ French W07n6re, Latin /iw/werws. (iipga^ivwv for elfiagformed from MEPJl by changing ^ fiEvtav, in Hesychius Compare ^eUelv, fiekkeiv ^dyiov, fiiya, Latin magis, into /5. magnus, English big. Etymologically connected with the Latin morior, mors
'
'

'

{^ogog).

fieklco, to be

about
aor.
1,

to

imperf.

eixsXXov
3,

Dem. 292:
Xen. Cyr.
fiai, to

do any thing, to intend, delay, and rj^ellov, Thuc. 7, 20 ifxiXXTfaa, and T^ixskh^aa rare,
;

15

Hel. 5, 4, 65.

Pass.

fiiXko-

be delayed,

Xen. Anab.

3, 1, 47.

Verbal

luXXr}TBo?, Arist. Eccl. 876.

liilo), to

be an object of concern, to concern, also to care for, rare in the personal form, Odys. 9, 20 ; II. 10, 92; Soph. Antig. 873; Aj. 689: fut. ^eXr^aco, II. 5, 228; 20, 137: 2 perf. ^>?/Aa as

present, Epic, II. 2, 25 ; 4, fi7J}.tv as imperfect, Odys.

Xt^tsos,
tive,

353
1,

Plat.

Rep.

2, 8.

Mid.
II.

151.

2 pluperf. I^fVerbal ^f-

[xiXoixat as ac-

Eurip. Hip. 60,

109;

Hel.
1,

Col.

1138:

fut.

fieXTJdoixal,

1161; Soph. 523: perf. /wf-

fisra
fiiXr^fxat

195

perf. (.isixeXrjfxriv

as present, later, Anthol. 10, 17: pluas imperfect, later, Theoc. 17,
Aj.

46

aor. pass. part. fieXr^d^sls

cared for, Soph.

1184.

See

as

active,

having
iTtif^i-

also

Impersonal
concern,
perf.

ixsXet,

it

concerns, is

an

object of
5,

fxi^jf, fiikot,

hsXetco, ^iXeiv, ^ikkov, im-

I'^fAf: fut.

[xslrjast,

Xen. Cyr.

4,

17:

aor. I^f A?/tff,

fisfiskrixsvai,
sfxsijLskTJxsi,

Xen. Cyr.

6, 3, 19: perf. [xe^elrfxs,

lASiisXtfTcos,

Dem. 1350:

pluperf.

Xen. Hel.

3, 3, 9.

fxifx^Xixai, perf. mid. 3 sing. Epic, II. 19, 343; Hes. Theog. 61; 2 plur. fiifilSXea&e, Apol. 2, 217: pluperf. 3 sing. fis^^XsTo, II. 21, 516. Formed from fiilo), by metathesis

and epenthesis

see

^)i(oax(a.

f^ifAova,

see ixifxvTjaxco. see MA1, iihco, fisvco, to remain, wait for, await, fut. Herod. 8, 62 ; Xen. Cyr. 4, 4, 5
fiSfjLvoixsvos,

ixsvico, fisvS,
:

aor. sixstva,

Thuc.

5,

40:
very

perf. fisixivrfxa, Isoc. rare,

fjLSfiova

Eurip.

Aul.

116: 2 perf. 1495. Verbal

IxsvsTEos,

Thuc.

2, 88.

The 2 perf. ^sfiova must not be confounded with the corresponding form from MASl, MENU. Etymologically connected with the Latin manco, English
re-main.
lisg^riQiCco, to

ponder,

reflect, devise, fut. fisgfxrigL^a),

11.

Odys.
Vesp.

16,
5.

261

aor. ifxsgfiTJgtia,

1,

189; also

infin. fjtsgfirfgiaat, dTtoiisgiiT^giaai, to

doze, Arist.

fiSTafzskst (fisid, fiiXei), it repents, like the simple

fiSTUfxiXofiai (ixsid, neXo^ai), Ionic

to repent,
fut.

^fra^fAfo^at,

part. fxeTafis?.ria6fievos as passive,

Xen. Mem.

2, 6, 23.

Impersonal ^sja^ilsrai, (israfiskead'ai, Plat.

Demod.

3.

196
(.UTLtfiJii,

^m
Ionic for ixs&u^^t.

fir^xdofxat

or goats,

(3IAKS2, MHKS2), to ^sch. frag. 54: 2 aor.

perf. fis^rixa as present,

bleat, as

sheep
II.

sfxdxov,
II.

16,

469

10, 362.

s^i^riKov, imperf. from a new present, Odys. 9, 439. via, 2 perf. part. fern, for /xf/UJj{x 8 five See also aQaglaxca.

it

Kvla,

II.

4, 435.

fiT^^^avdoixai (f^r^x^'^v)^

^^ contrive,

machinate, de-

and Poetic ^r^xot^vdco, Soph. Aj. 1037: fut. fxrixoLvjjaoixai, Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 9: perf. fxs^rixdvT^fjtat actively or passively, Xen. Hier. 11, 4; Cyr. 8, 3, 1 ; Soph. Trach. 586; Dem. 604 ; Isoc. 27 aor. sfjii];^av7jadfxriv, Xen. Ages.
vise
;

rare

2, 5.

Verbal

ixTf^avr^Tsos, Plat.

Gorg. 80.
{firjxoc-

fArixcivotxivxag, part,

protracted from urixav^vxag

vaovxag), Odys. 18, 142. Connected with the Latin machina, machinor.

fiialvo)

[MIANIl),
:

to stain, dye, pollute, fut. [iiavco,

Antiph. 638 Hel. 1000;

aor.
4,

if^idva

and
:

ifiirfva,

Eurip.

141: perf. ^fpa^jca later, perf. pass, fisPlutarch. Tiber. Gracch. ^ 21 fiiaofiat, Thuc. 2, 102: aor. pass, i^idvd^riv, Soph. Col. 1374.
II.
11.

^luvd-riv, aor. pass. 3plur. Epic for (xlav&sv {ffiidv&rjaav), Compare 2 aor. 3 plur. syvcav for i'yvov (Jyvta4, 146.

aav), from yLyvoioyxo. fiiyvvfjLi

or
II.

^lyvvco or ^iayco
iilayco
is

mingle;
4,

35;

(MUTSl), to mix, the oldest form, Pind. Nem. 3, 270: fut. ^t|, Soph. Col. 1047:
:

Msoh, Choeph. 546 perf. pass, fxeXen. Cyr. 1, 3, 10: aor. pass, i^ixd-qv 2 aor. pass, e^iyriv as middle, Soph. Tyr. 791 3 fut. pass, fis/xi^o^at, as middle, Arist. Av. 698 Verbal fiixzios, Plat. Tim. 21. Hes. Op. 177.
aor. a^L^a,
fii/fiat,
:

Mid. ^iyvvixat or [XL(jyo[.iat, to mingle with, join one^s self to, have intercourse with, fut. ^t|o^at, Odys. 24, 314.


fllfiV

197
3
sing, syncopated,

fiUta or sill XT 0, 2 1,433; II. 11,354.

aor. mid.

Odys.

Etymologically connected with the Latin misceo, mixtus, English mixj mingle.

^unEo^aL^ to imitate,

fut.

ixifiTjitoixai,

Eurip. Rhes.

211

perf.

fisf/.tfir^fxaL
;

actively or passively, Plat.

aor. pass, iixtfijjd^riv

Cratyl.

66

Arist.

Lys. 159:
1
:

passively, Plat. Leg. 2,

aor. mid. ifxifXT^odfiriv,

Dem. 420.
[itixvrjaxco

Verbal

fxtfiriTsos,

Eurip. Hip. 114.

fiLfivd^c), for fjiifivco, fiivG),

{MNA2)^
14,

to

Odys.
ca,l\,
to

169

fut.

^vt^Vo,

cause to remember, remind^ II. 15, 31 : aor. a^vq'

i^vrjadifv as
:

1,407:

aor. pass,
3,

middle,
fjtsixvrlctO'

remember, Thuc.
27.

90

fut.

pass.

remain mindful, Xen. Cyr. 3, remember, recollect, call to mind, mention, Odys. 15, 54; Epic also fifdofxai, to remember, Theoc. Epigr. 14: fut. fivrjcfOfiac, II. 4, 172: perf. iieiivrniat as present, to remember, Soph. Tyr. 1401 aor. Verbal iivt^otbos. ifivrfddfiriv Poetic, II. 4, 222.
ixat as middle, will
1,

Mid.

^ufjLVTJaxofxai, to

Plat.

Tim. 72.
mid. imperat. 2 sing, as
/^cJeo

fiv(0E0y pres.
1,

896; compare

from MAJl.

(ivaofisvog,
Epic,
II.

if

from -ww, Apol.

pres.
:

part, protracted

from fivwusvog (fivaof^evog), Odys. 4, 106 fivojovro or ifivaovro, imperf. 3 plur. protracted from efivwvTo (e/uvccovto), II. 11, 71; 2, 686. (xsfivrjai, perf.
sing,
for fisfivrjoai,

contracted

fidfivrj,

21, 442

18: imperat. 2 sing, fiiiivso for fisfivrjao, Herod. 5, 105: part, ^sfivofisvog for nsfivrjfiivog, Archil, frag. 1: subj. fiBfivojfisS^a, 1 plur., Soph. Tyr. 49; Odys. 14, 168; perhaps the only person in use: opt. fisfxvjjfirjv, II. 24, 745; 3 sing. fisfivjJTo, Arist. Plut. 991. Also 2 sing. fisfiVMo or ^tfivoto, Xen. Anab. 1, 7, 5 3 sing. iis(j,vmto, Epic fisfivsMTo, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6,3; 11.23, 361; 3 plur. fizvalaxo, Ionic for ^uf^rati'To, Find. frag. 277. This verb is etymologically connected with the Latin memini, memor, memoro, English remember.
15,
;

^ifivco,

Poetic for fiivcD, iEsch. 17*

Agam.

74.

198
liivvd-a

fiLvv

(MINTSl,

fisLov),

to
11.

diminish,
15,

make

less,

also intransitive, to be less,

492; Hippocr.

aor. ifitvv&riaa and iixcvvd^iaa, Hippocr. : perf, IxB^Lvvd-qxa^ Hippocr. : aor. ifxivv&r^v^ Hippocr.

Connected with the Latin minor, minus, minimus, minuo, diminuo, English diminish.
^idyco, see [xiyvvfiL,
fivdoixac, to
to courts 1000,

remember, see ^i^vqaxco, Odys. 16, 77; Herod.

ngofivriadfxsvog,
it

1,

fxvdofxai,

96. 205:
2,

aor.
6,

ifivfiddfirjv,
:

Xen. Mem.

36 in this sense Epic language.

fxv7](jxa),

is

not restricted to the

iiL^vqcixo^ai,

fxrijaxo^ai,

for

iJit^v7J(yxco,

MOA SI,
liogyvv^i,

Orph.

Hym.

76, 6; Anacr. frag. 69.

ifiog^dfxriv,
frag.

see ^X66xco.
fjLogyvvfiai,

for

ofxogyvvfiL,

Mosch.
edition.

2,

96; Simonid.

108,

Gaisford's

fiv^o, later fjLvtdc)

218. lowing.
11.

4,

and fiv^io, to suck : aor. ifiv^rf(^a, Not to be confounded with the folmutter, grumble,
(to cry fiv [xv,

^v^o
4,

{[XV fiv), to

Arist.

Thesm. 231,) aor. sfxv^a and s^ivaa, II. Hippocr. Not to be confounded with 20
;

the preceding.
[xvxdoiJLat
fut.
[iriv,

{MYKSl),

to

bellow,
9,

fxvxrjaoixai,

Anthol.
:

Odys. 724 aor.

:

10,

413:

i^ivxriadifxvxriaa,
II.

Arist.

Anthol. 6,
18, 12,
It
:

Nub. 292; 220 2 perf.

later

aor. act.

[is^ivxa

as present,

580 2 pluperf. ifxsfxvxecv as imperfect, Odys. 395: 2 aor. s^cvxav, II. 749.
is

an onomatopy

compare the Latin mugio, Romaic

lips or

fiovyxQi^(o, [iovyKoq)Vooj, ^oyxoj or (Sovyxoj.

fivo

(if),

to close the

eyes,

Athen. 8, 34:
to

aor.

sfxifoia
:

and

efivaa,

Hom.

Batr. 192; Soph.

Antig. 421 perf. fxsixvxa, II. 24, 420, not confounded with fiifivxa from fxvxdoixat.

be


vs[.ia

199

iV.

vaisraG) (vaihri?^ vato), short a, to inhabit^ or to be inhabited^ situated^ Epic, Odys. 9, 21 ; II.

4,45.
yaterawaa,
(vaiEToiovaa),
II.

part.

fem. Epic, protracted from

vam^aa

2, 648.

Compare
II.

adco, iadm,

from aow.

yatexaaaxor,

imperf. iterative,

2, 539.

vaio

(N^2), to inhabit, Trach. 40: fut. vdao[iaL

aor.

settle,

Poetic,

Soph,

evaaa {aa)
:

(aa), Apol. 4, 1751: causative, to cause to dwell,

4, 174; Pind. Pyth. 5, 94 perf. mid. vivaa^ai, Herodes Attic. Sim. Reg. 8: aor. pass, ivda&rfv, II. 14, 119; Eurip. Med. 166: aor. mid. ivaodfxriv {ao) reflexive, Hes. Op. 637. Eurip. Taur. 1260, dnevdaaato seems to be equivalent Arist. Vesp. 662, xativaa&s is to the causative svaaas.

build as a city, establish, Odys.

novi^

edited xccTsvaa&sv for xaTEvda&rjaav, the reading of the best manuscripts.

vdaao or vdzto), to stuff, press close together, fut. vd^a (I), in Hesychius aor. fVa|a, Herod. 7, 36. 60; Odys. 21, 122: perf. pass, vkvaa^ai, Ionic vivay^ai, Arist. Eccl. 840 ; Theoc. 9, 9 ;
:

Hippocr.

NASI,
vdo
perf.

to dwell, see
II.

valo,

21, 197; Odys. 6, 292: imvdov and vaiov, Odys. 9, 222. Arist. Ran. 146, act vojv is now written dslvav, from
(a), to flow,

dsivaog (ae/yw?), ever jlowing.

vstaaofxai, see vlat^o^ai,

vsLycia, to reproach, chide.

vsixiaa, II. 10, 59. 38. 3, vifico, to distribute, think, consider, pasture, transitive, Soph. Elec. 150: fut. vsfxS, vsixrjtsa, Plat. Phileb. 156; Eurip. Epist. 5, 77: aor. sveifia, Thuc. 3,
fut.

Epic,
II.

158:

aor. ivsixsaa (aa),

48

perf. vevifxrixa in composition,

Xen. Cyr.

4,

200
6,

vsofi

45
:

perf.

pass, vsviixi^fiai,

21
7,

aor. pass, iv ^r^Orfv

^nd

4,

27

Eq.

7, 36.

Mid.

Dem. 956.

Xen. Anab. 7, 3, Xen. Hel. Verbal vsfirfTsos, Xen.

ivsfiiOrfv,

vifiofiai,

to allot to one^s self,

inhabit, feed or pasture, intransitive imperf. evs11, 635: fut. fiofiffv, Epic also vsfiiOofiriv, II.
vsixeofiat, vsixotifxaL,

Herod.

1,

173; Dem. 579:

ivsifxdfiriv

perf. vsvsfii^fxaL,
ivsfiTfadfir^v,

Isoc.

298
;

aor.

and

Athen. 12, 58. viofiac, contracted vsvfiat, to go away, return, usually as future. Epic, II. 18, 101. 136; Theoc. 18,
8, 21

Thuc.

56; 2 sing, vslul (visai), Odys. 2 sing, viriai, II. 1, 32.

v(pia) (vscpos,

11,

114;

subj.

NE0S2)y

(pa, 4,

to

be clouded,

to

only in composition, ^vvvslower, Eurip. Dan. frag.

Arist. Av. 1502: perf. ^wvivocpa, Arist. 142; 349. via), to swim, Herod. 8, 89 fut. vevaovfxai, Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 12 aor. svsvaa, Thuc. 2, 90; Find. Olym. 13, 163: perf. vivsvxa, Plat. Rep. 4, 16.

7;

frag.

evvsov, imperf. Epic for Vvtov, II. 21, 11. kindred noun vavg, ship, that is, floater, sioimmer, and the Latin navis, connected with no, nare, presuppose a digammated theme, fJl.

The

NA

VBO, to heap up, Herod. 4, 62 aor. evrjcia, Eurip. Cycl. 387 ; Thuc. 2, 52: perf. pass, vivrffiat and
:

vivrf6fiai,

See
135
;

Xen. Anab.

5, 4,

27

Arist.

Nub. 1208.

also vr^io, vrivkco,

vBvittTai, perf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic for vevrjiTui, Herod. 2, 4, 62.

;

via and vrlSa, to spin, Hes. Op. 775 Plat. Polit. 29: fut. vrJGio, Arist. Lys. 519: aor. evr^aa, II. 20, 128 perf. pass. vhriafiuL (?), Etymol. Magn.
:

(voc. vYiydjEov)

aor.

pass.

ivrjOrfv,

Plat.
7,

Polit.

23
vfiio

aor. mid. ivr^adixr^v as active,

vriveco,

Odys.

198.

and

Epic and Ionic

for

vea, to heap

VVdT
up,
II.

201

23,

ivTJr^aa,

139; 7, 428; Odys. 1, 147: aor. aor. mid. iviiriad^riv Herod. 1, 50

:

transitive,
vijOco,

II.

9,

137.

vr^vico,

see via, to spin, see vriio,

vrjxojxai, to
fut.

vrjxa,

commonly 375; 7, 275:

later

swim, Poetic, Odys. 5,

Eccl.

vrjlofxai, Arist.

1104:

aor. ivr^^dfXTfv, Call. Dell. 47.

vitco,

vltito
fut.

(NIBS2),
:

to

or feet,

viipco,

Herod.
perf.

6,

wash, as the hands 19 aor. svixpa^

:

Eurip. Sup.
viTZTo^at,

765

vfV^^^at,
fut.

aor. pass, hicpdriv,

Hippocr.
II.

Mid.

II.

24,

i/tfo^ai

219 and

Odys. 18, 178:

:

vcipo^ai, Arist.

Av.

163

aor. iviyjdfiriv,

16, 230.

The

form
10,

vLTtTo^aL
viaofiai

is

rare in pure Greek.

and

vsiaaofiai, for veo^ai, Epic,

Odys.

Hes. Op. 235. vitpa, to snow, cover with snoiv, impersonally, Arist. Ach. 1141: fut. vLipco, Plutarch, p. 949: aor. evLipa, Arist. Ach. 138.

42

nivesco, nivo,

Etymologically connected with tbe Latin nix^ nivis, ningo, Saxon snaw^ English snow.

vosa

(FN Oil),

Attic dialect.
for
9,

The

to

think, perceive, regular in the

lonians have evcoaa, vevaxa,

vivcjfiaL as active, ivevSfiriv as active, ivG)G:dfirfv,

ivoTfaa, vsvor^xa, &c., Herod. 1, 68; 3, 6 53 ; Theoc. 25, 263. The original form of this verb was FNOEJl. Compare

the

compound

a-yvoico.

For the omission of y before

for gnosco,

v,

compare the Latin nosco

nascor or gnascor,

vvcud'Co, to feel sleepy, drowsy, Arist.

Ivvaxaoa, later ivvaia^a, Athen. Char. 7.

Av. 638 aor. 62 ; Theoph.

:

;;

202

|f

|ffi),

to scrape^
5,

scratch,
:

aor.

Odys.

245

perf. s^safxai,

^rigaiva {^ijgos), to dry, fut. 575: aor. i^r^gdva, Ionic i^rjgriv a, Thuc.

s^eaa (do), II. 5, 81 Alcidam. 85, 18. ^rfgava, Eurip. Cycl.

1, 109 ; Herod. 7,

Herod. 7, 109 109 aor. pass,

:

perf. pass. i^TJgaafiai,

i^rigdvd^riv,
II.

21, 345

fut.

mid.

^r^gavovi^iat,

Hippocr.

^vvvsepio, see vscpsco,

^vgico

and ^vgdco, to shave, regular. Mid. commonly ^vgofiat, ivo, to polish, Odys. 22, 456: aor. e^vda, II. 14,
perf. pass, s^vafiat,

Eurip. Beller. frag. 11: Hippocr. aor. pass, i^vadr^v, Plat. Rep. 3, 14: aor. mid. l|v(yoc^?^v transitive, Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 32.

179; but iyivajf

(v),

odd^ofiat (oSovs), to bite, fut. oSa^rjt^o^at as passive, Hippocr. : perf. coBay^at, Soph. frag. 708 : aor^
Gida^di^r^v, Anthol. 9, 86. odd^o, to smart from a bite, imperf. ada^ov, Xen. Conv. 4, 27. OJTS2, Poetic, perf. mid. 686dv(ffiat as present, to be angry, Odys. 5, 423 aor. mid. todvaadixr^v (aa), Odys. 1, 62; Hes. Theog. 617; but causatively, codvdaro, made angry, Horn. Epigr. 6, 8.
:

It is probably
o'Cg)

connected with the Latin

odi, odium.

(OJS2),

to emit

o^TJaa, Ionic o^idG),

have the smell of, fut. Arist. Vesp. 1059; Hippocr.:

smell,
;
:

aor. S^r^aa, Ionic co^eoa, Arist. frag.

538 Hippocr.: odada as present, Athen. 2, 9 2 pluperf. oSSdsLv and aSadscv as imperfect, Odys. 5, 60
perf.

Anthol. 13, 29.


oioiA,

: :

203
oleo.

Connected with the Latin odor,

oOofiai, to care about, mind, perf. odofirfv^ 11. 5, 403.

Epic,

II.

1,

181

im-

oi/o and ofyvvfii,

Arist.
aor.

to open, Poetic, Hes. Op. 817; 852 fut. olIo, Eurip. Cycl. 502 Eurip. Ale. |a, commonly Qf|a, U. 6, 298

Eccl.

547

Pass,
;

aor. pass. part, ot^dsis, Pind.

Nem.

1,61.
2,

imperf.

Prose 574 II. 2, 809. pound avoiyo), which see.

olyoixriv

and myvv^iriv, Apol.

writers use the

com-

We It may be connected with u>c<a, to yield, give way. may suppose that its original form was foiyco. The Epic
form avaoiyeaxov (avafotysoicov) favor of a digammated theme.
is

one of the

facts in

oida, to know, see

tive,

EIJJl,
and olSdvo, to swell, intransi1166; Ran. 940; olddvo is to cause to swell, II. 9, 554
:

otdaivco^ oldico, olSdco

Arist.

Pac.

usually causative,
fut.

oldTJao),

Hippocr.

aor.

(oB-qoa,

1210:

perf.

&^7ia, Theoc. 1,43.

II.
II.

Mid.
:

Eurip.

Hip.

oiU-

vo^ai, equivalent to oldaivco,

o'CZva, to icail, be miserable,

9, 645.
aor. ot^vaa,

3,

408

Odys.
oi^a)'C(o

4,

152.
to

(oifjioc),

bewail, lament, fut.

;

o^ioi^o^ai,

later olfiS^a,

Dem. 938
364
;

^o|a,

II.

3,

Anthol. 5, 302 : aor. Xen. Hel. 2, 3, 56 perf. pass.

:

OL^oyiiaL, Eurip. Bac.

licDX^us,
OLOfxat,

1286:

aor. pass. part,

ot-

Theogn. 1204.
oif^iat, to
:

and

think,

Cyr. 7, 5, 50 (Econ. 5, 19:

imperf.
fut.

2 sing, always oui, Xen. mfir^v and w^wt^v, Xen. olrjaoiiai, Dem. 1297: aor.
'

thus, oiofxaL and o/'w oi into o'l 59: imperf wro>^v, 6uro, Odys. 10,248; Hom. Hym. 1,342: aor. (oi'a&rjv, Odys. 4,453: aor. mid. oiadfirjv (t), later modfiijv, Odys. 1, 323; Mosch. 2, 8. The form oia has sometimes T, II. 1, 558 11, 609 13, 153;

The Epic
II.

Poets revolve

(r),

1,

78.

204
Odys.
2, 255. circumflexed.
thetically,

oixo

Lys. 156, The syncopated

Arist.

for

ol'w, Dindorf has 'ola form ol^at is used paren-

think, met/links, in

my

opinion.
olfxai,
[^inl

**

to the ancient grammarians, the forms ployed only in cases of conviction

M^riv

According were em;

ofioXoyovixivov^

where however Attic urbanity avoided in Buttmann. ness of positive assertion."

OL^ofiai as
aorist,

this

way the harsh-

perfect,

to be

gone, imperf. a/ofiriv as

:

sometimes as pluperfect, Odys. 16, 24 Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 30 ; 4, 5, 24 fut. oL;^rjaofAai perf. ot^o^ca, sometimes toxcoxa Arist. Vesp. 51 Epic also OTxa, Soph. Aj. 896 ; frag. 227 ; II
:

10,

252

perf. mid. axriuai, Ionic olxrffiac,

equiv

alent to oi'xoxa,
4, 136.

Hippocr. de Art. ^ 15

Herod.

The perfect ol'xataci presupposes OIXO ft. According to Buttmann, it contains the Attic reduplication, after the analogy of avv-o%(ox(6g from avv-ex(a. But then, as the Attic reduplication shortens the radical syllable (compare uQ-aiQTjxa, ifiv-rjfivxoi, from algioj, rifiixo), the analogical form would be
O'Hoixdt or o-xoiHo., not oi'-xaxoi.

OLO, to think, see OLo^ai.

OISl^

to bring, see (pega),

ohadatvo

also

ohaOdvco

{OAI201),
, :

rarely oXl-

addto, to slip, slide, Thuc. 7, 65; Athen. 6, 28: perf. coXtaOr^xa, aor. aUadrfda, Anthol. 1 1 238 Hippocr. 2 aor. aXtadov, Soph. Elec. 746. oXXv^L and oXlvco {OASl), to destroy, lose, Soph. fut. oUaco (aa), Antig. 673 ; Archil, frag. 79 6Ua>, oXS, Hes. Op. 178; Odys. 2, 49; Herod. aor. Af<ra (aa), Eurip. 1, 34 ; Soph. Tyr. 448 Ale. 893; Find. Pyth. 3, 71: perf. oAwAfxa, Dem. 350 2 perf. olaXa as middle, to be un2 pluperf. done, have perished, Soph. Aj. 896 In prose olaXsLv, rarely aXaXstv, Antiph. 739. Mid. oXXvfiai, to perish, dnoXXvai, dTioXXv/jiat, fut. bXsofiai, oXov^ai, Ionic oXsv^ai, Herod. 7,
: : : : :

ovLv

205
:

218. 209 ; Soph. Antig. 59 Tjr. 822.

aor. dXofxriv,

Soph.

oXisaxsy, imperf. iterative, implying oXsto, II. 19, 135. and ovXofAsvog; 2 aor. mid. part, as an adjective, pernicious, destructive, fatal, Eurip. Phoen. 1029; JEsch. Prom. 399; II. 1,2.

olof^svog

oXocpvgo^ai

(i/),

to

lament^ bewail,

mourn

for, fut.

oXocpvgovfiac, Lys.

829

aor. coXo(pvgd^iriv,

Xen.
as

Cyr.

7,

3,

14:

aor.

pass.

part.

oXocpygOels

middle, Thuc. 6, 78. OAil, see okkvfit,

ofivvfu
14,

and ofxvva (0MI2, 0M01), 278 fut. oiioaco later, commonly

:

to swear,

II.

oixovfiai, -h,

Phocyl. 13, 15; Thuc. ; Xen. Anab. 2, 2, 8 perf. ofiSfioxa, Eurip. Hip. 612: perf. pass, b^a^o^ai and 6i.Lco^oa^aL, Eurip. Rhes. 816 iEsch. Agam. 1290 aor. pass. 6ix6d7}v and coixoaOrfv, Dem. 1174; Xen. Hel. 7, 4, 10: aor. mid. 6iioad^riv,
-ELxai, Anthol. 12,
5,

201

23

aor. cofxoaa,

Dem.

1174.

oiiovvTsg, pres. part, from OMOfL, Herod. 1, 153. ofxovvTwv, ocTioixovvTcov, fut. part, doubtful, Lysias, '573. 6^Lc6fis&(x, subj. mid. Laconian for 6ficof^e&a, Arist.
Lys. 183.

Compare maivm

for inaitK.
:

oixogyvv^L
fut.

SI), to wipe off, II. 18, 415 {O o^og^o, Eurip. Phaeth. frag. 2 (2), 6: aor. wo^|a, Eurip. Orest. 219: aor. pass. part, ofxagxObIs as middle transitive, Arist. Vesp. 560. Mid. oiiogyvv^ai transitive, Odys. 11,526: fut. ofiog^ofxat, Eurip. Hip. 653 aor. d^og^d^riv, II. 2, 269.

MO FT

ovLvriiii

{ONAn, ONHMI),
laxriiJiL

to

benefit, help, in-

flected like
fut.
ovriocii,

present and imperfect Eurip. Heracl. 1044: aor. covr^oa,

in the
6,
1,

Xen. Aab.
wj/a^T^i/

32:

aor. pass, covfjdrfv,

as middle, Theoc.
18

15, 55.

Mid.

Doric
ovi-

206
vafxai,
to derive

ovofjL

fut. benefit, Plat. Rep. 2, 19 Soph. Trach. 570 aor. covaadfxrfv later, Anthol. 7, 484 2 aor. covdfiTjv, ovaifirjv, ovaoOai, Eurip. Here. 1368 ; also cDvijiiriv, ovijao, ovijodai, ovTJ^svos, Odys. 11, 324.
:

ovTJaofzat,

ovijvai,

aor. act.

infin. doubtful,

Plat.

Rep. 10,4.

Odys. 2, 33, ovTJfisvog!

ovofid^G) (ovofxa),
to

God

bless

him

name,

call,

regular: aor. also

ovvfia^a MoWc, Find. Pyth. 2, 82 : fut. mid. also ovv^d^ofiat ^olic, transitive, Pind. Pyth. 7, 6. ovo^ai {ONSl, ONOSl, ONS2MI), to insult, despise, think lightly of, find fault icith, reproach, inflected like dtdouat in the present and imperfect, Odys. 17, 378; Herod. 2, 172: fut. ovoaoliai

(da),

II.

9,

65

aor.

avoadfir^v,
:

Epic

also

avdprjv,

II.

17,

173.

25

aor.

pass.

avoaOr^v

equivalent to avoadfiriv, Herod. 2, 136.

II.

ovvead^s, 2 plur. 24, 241.

for ov-eo&s,

think ye

it

a slight matter,

ovop^aLva, for ovopd^a,

commonly Epic,
4,
:

fut.

ovvo'

pavka
vco,

Ionic,

Herod.
II.

Isseus,

36;

2,

47 aor. covofir^va, ovo^tj488; Odys. 4, 240; 11,

327.
ovojdtopaL, equivalent to ovopat, Poetic, 2, 3 ; iEsch. Sup. 1 1. oTtvLco, to marry, said of the man, II. 13, 379. 429 : fut. ouvoa (if), without the i, Arist. Ach. 255. 0IIS2, see ogda. oTtoTCEO}, a new present from ojicoTta, Orph. Arg. 184. 1025. ogdco (OIIS2, EUS2, IJS2), to see, Ionic ogico, imperf. iagaov, Ionic Sgav, agsov, or ogsov, Herod. 1, 1 1 ; 4, 3 ; 2, 148: fut. oipof.iat, 2 sing, always oyjsi, Eurip. Med. 352 perf. iSgdxa, rare and Poetic iogdxa, Dem. 217; Arist. Plut.
ovozd'Cco,

Hom. Hym.

o0>O

207

98

Sfxf^iai,

perf. pass, sagdfxat and Thesm. 32. 33 Dem. 1121. 314 jEsch. Prom. 998: aor.
:

cocpdriv, rarely cogddrjv, Plat.

197 63
;

2
7,

perf. oncoTta Ionic

125

see
also

EIJJ2.
ogyji^u,
II.

Mid.
99
;

Anthol. 12, Def. 4 and Poetic, Herod. 3, Soph. Antig. 6 2 aor. fr^oi/, T^ov, Verbal oTrifog, Thuc. 8, 48. See
;
:

ogdofiai as

active,

to

see,

Epic,

13,

aor. oyjdfir^v,

20, 45; Hes. Op. 532: inoyjafn^v, very rare, Pind. frag.
1,

56

58

aor. sldoixriv, Idoixr^v, see

EIJSl,

not absurd to suppose that oQam is connected with -noQog (overseer), nogioj {to see, look after), ovqoc (watcher), -ovQog (as in yrjnovQog)^ -(OQog (as in nvXagog), Latin aira, English care, guard, ward, warn, wary, a-ivare, he-ware. The obsolete OnSl is connected with ocpdal^og, ouTlXog or
It is
oTirlXlog, oxTaXog,

Latin oculus.
to stretch out^
:

ogiyo and

ogiyviffii,

II.

1,

351

fut.

ogs^a, Eurip.

846

aor.-^^f|a. Soph. Col. aor. pass. cogixOriv as middle, Xen. Mem.

Med. 902

1,2, 16.

Mid.
desire,
perf.
:

ogsyofiai, to

stretch one^s self

forward^

Eurip. Epic, II. 16, 834: pluperf. 3 plur. 6pfi)^f;^aT0 Epic, II. 11, 26: aor. (oge^dfiTiv, Hes. Theog. 178; Xen. Mem. 1,
II.

24,

506

fut. oge^ofiac,

Hel. 353

plur. ogcogixf^Tai

2, 15.

Etymologically connected with the Latin rego, por-rigo, English right.

bgso^ai, see ogofiui. ogrifiL (ogdo), to see, Doric, Theoc. 6, 22. 25 ; subj. 2 sing, ogr^at or ogrjai, Epic, Odys. 14, 343. The form ogrjai comes directly from ogdo^ai thus, oqixiaae, oqueui, contracted after the Doric manner ogrjai compare ^v&uai for ^v&ij] from fiv&esai.

'

ogvvfxi

and ogvvcy {OPS2), to rouse, raise, Pind. Olym. 13, 15 fut. optra. Soph. Antig. 1060: aor. ^gaa, Msch. Pers. 496 ; II. 17, 423 2 aor. agogov, Odys. 4, 712: 2 perf. ogcoga as present
: :

208
:

ogoii

middle, II. 3, 87 2 pluperf. oq&qhv and ^gcygBiv as imperfect middle, 11. 2, 810; Soph Col. 1622.

Mid.
II.

6gvv(,iat, to rise, rush,

JEsch, Sept. 90:

II.

imperf. also ogsofxr^v from ogeofxai,

2,

398

23, 212:

fut.

ogov^ai,

II.

20, 140: perf. ogags:

fiat as present,

p/v,

12, 279.

Odys. 19, 377. 524 See also ogofxai,

aor.

ago-

ojQTo, 2 aor. mid. 3 sing, syncopated, XL 5, 590 imperat. 2 sing, ogao, and oqoeo contracted ogafv, II. 4,204. 264; 3,250: infin. og&aif II. 8, 474: part. oQi^svog, II. 11,
:

326.

6gwQr}r(xi, perf. mid. subj. 3 sing, from o^sofxaif II. II. 13, 78; Odys. 8, 539, 2 aor. 3 sing, oigoge 13, 271. has the force of the perfect, that is, it is intransitive.

It is etymologically connected with the Latin ruo (ogovm), and perhaps with the English raisCj

o?'ior,

and

rise, rouse,

rush.

ogofxac (ogvvfiL), 87ii6gofiai, to exercise watch over,

superintend, imperf. 3 plur. In-ogovTo, Odys. 3, 471; 14, 104.

The passage en\ d^ arsQfg iad^Xol oqovto may be compared with Inl d' avriQ ia&Xog oqmqsi, H. 23, 112.
6gv(iG!co

or ogvTJco

(OPTFJl),

to

dig, fut. cgv^co,

:

Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 9 ; Soph. Aj. 659 ogagv^a, aaxogcigvy^a, Plutarch, p. 1141 perf. perf. pass, oguigvyinai and agvyfiat, Herod. 3, 60; 2, 158: pluperf. pass, ogcogvy^riv and agagvy^iriv, also ^i^';^^?^v, Herod. 1, 186. 185 ; Xen. Anab. 7, 8, 14: aor. pass. c}gv;(d7^v, Herod. 2, 158: 2 aor. pass, agvyr^v, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 11
aor. aigv^a,
: :

fut.

pass, ogvyrjaofiat
:

written also 6gv)^i\oo^ai,

Av. 394 be dug, Herod. oaao^aL (OnSl),

Arist.

aor. mid. agv^dixr^v, to cause to

1,

186.
see, to

to

see mentally, foresee,

forebode,

Epic,
1,

389;
551.
It is

II.

Odys. 7, 31; 18, 154; 5, 105: imperf. oaaoi^tr^v, Hes. Theog.

mmu

{llEIIJl),

formed from Or/Jl after the analogy of nioaoj from and iviaoo) from ivimm {ENinJl).

ocpsX
oocpgaivofxai^ rarely oacpgdofxat

209

(O2J0PJ2),
:

to smell,

perceive by the smell,

Athen. 7, 55 fut. oacpgri' dofxai, Arist. Pac. 152: aor. pass, dacpgdvdrfv not common, Athen. 7, 32; 13, 39: aor. mid. 6a(pg7fadui]v later: 2 aor. mid. codcpgofiriv, Ionic adcpgd^rfv, Arist. Ach. 179 ; Herod. 1, 80.

see oXXvfxi. ovveads, see ovivTffii, ovgia, mingo, imperf. iovgsov and ovgsov,
ovXoijlsvos,

Dem.

1257: fut. ovgijaco, commonly ovgjjcfoixai, Arist. Pac. 1266: aor. iovgr^aa and ovgijaa, Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. 39 perf. iovgrfxa, Arist. Lys. 402 aor. pass. ovgijOriv, Hippocr.
: :

We suppose that the original theme of ovqso) was fovQfcj, formed from p^ew (the original theme of ^g'w, to flow) by inserting the kindred diphthong ov after F It is etymologically connected with the Latin urina.

ovido (OTTHMI), Epic for the regular ovrd^o), to wound, aor. ovTrfda, ovrrjOi^v, II. 4, 469 22, 375 ; 8, 537 2 aor. (ovrdiv), 3 sing, ovxa, infin. ovidfisvai or ovxd^sv, II. 4, 525 2 aor. mid. part.
;
: :

ovidfievos as passive.

ocpdXo
must,

(O^EASl), Epic
II.

ocpsklco, to owe,

I ought,
:

19,

s}(pL?.rfaa,

200 Thuc.

fut. ocpsiXrjaa},

Dem. 866

aor.

8,

pluperf. GxpstXrixBtv im-

plying perf. cofslh^xa, Dem. 1111: 2 aor. eofpsXov or ocpsXov, used only in expressing a wish, that ! would to God ! Latin utinam ! ^sch. Prom. 48; Soph. Tyr. 1157; Eurip. Med. 1;
II.

24, or as,

254

it

may be preceded by
for wcpdov,
II.

uds, aids,

14, 84 ; 24, 764. equivalent to cocpflov. In the later writers the 2 aor. wcpdov or ocpiXov has the force of ?i particle, N. T. Corinth. 1, 4, 8 ; Galat. 5, 12.
lies.

wcpBlXov, 2 aor Epic

Op. 172, the imperf. mqxdov

is

6(piXXa),

to increase,

enlarge, glorify, assist,

II.

3,

18*

210
.

ocpli
;

62 651

15,
;

383: aor. opt. 3 Odys. 2, 334.

sing. ocpiUetev,

II.

16,

ocphaxdvco (O0AJI), to be guilty, incur as a penalty, owe, Soph. Antig. 470 fut. ocpXijaco, Dem.
:

459

aor. acpXijaa rare, Lysias,

:

488

perf.

co<p}.r^-

xa, Arist. Nub. 34 Dem. 542; Eurip.

wcpXEE,

aor. ctcpXav, ocpkstv, ocpXcov,

Arist.

Med. 403;

Ach. 691.
8,

aor.

sing. Ionic for

(oq>Xe,

Herod.

26

com-

pare f^w,

eip(o.

oxdi\(jai, to

feel vexed, indignant, Epic, found only

15,

in the indie.
11.

1,570;

3 plur. coxdrfdav, and part. oxOrjaas, 101; 4,30; 11,403; Hes. The-

og. 558.

U.
see nijyvv^t, see ndaxco. ciTli nai^co, to play, sport, jest, fut. Ttai^ofiat or itai^ov(xai, later also nai^a, Anthol. 12, 46. 211 ; Xen. Conv. 9, 2 : aor. luaica, later Inai^a, Arist. Thesm. 947; Anthol. 5, 112: perf. niTtaixa,

mirS2,

nASQ,

Anthol. 2, 86
aor.

perf.

pass.

Tcinatafiac, also

zri-

naiyiiai, Arist.
pass.

Thesm. 1227; Plat. Sisyph. 4: BTtaixd^v later, N. T. Matt. 2, 16.

4.

Verbal naLaxios, Athen. 15,

naico, to
strike, fut. naiaco,

and
:

naLrj^co in Attic

Poetry, Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 19 ; Arist. Nub. 1125: perf. nenaLTca, in aor. sTtaiaa, ^Esch. Pers. 409 composition, Dem. 1217: perf. pass. mTtaiaixai,
ifx,7is7taLaixivos,

embossed, stamped,

Athen.

12,

62

aor.

pass. eTtaiad^rfv, -^sch.

aor. mid. inatadfiriv transitive, naXaico, to wrestle, contend, fut. naXalao, Pind. Isth. 4, 90: aor. eTtdXaiaa, Odys. 4, 343: perf. mjidXatxa, Anthol. 12, 90 perf. pass. nsTidr
:

Choeph. 184 Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 6.

: ;

Tta^x
Xaidfiai, Anthol. 9, 411 Eurip. Elec. 686.
It implies lIAylAIl.
:

211
aor. pass. inaXaiad-riv^

naXriasiB, aor. opt. 3 sing, for naXalaeis, Herod. 8,21.

TtahlXoyico, to repeat, pluperf. pass. 3 sing, inaXiXXoyriTo^ Herod 1, 118. ndXXa (tlAAH), to shake, brandish, agitate, aor.

Soph. Elec. 710: 2 aor. part, nsnalav, d^nsnaXcov Epic, II. 3, 355 ; 5, 280 2 aor. pass. indXriv later. Mid. ndXXoiiaL, to he agiSTiTfXa,

tated, tremble, perf.

nenaXfiai, ^sch. Choeph. 410. 524: aor. imfldfiriv, Call. Jov. 64.
naXio, 2
aor. mid.

sing, syncopated, like

uho from

alXo(xm,

11.

15, 645.

nagoLvio (ndgoivog, oivos), to act improperly when under the influence of wine, insult, imperf. l/rag<oveov and iuagotvsov, Dem. 658. 1257: aor. Ttagdvr^aa and sTcagavr^aa, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 4 Dem. 612: perf. nsTtagavriyca, ^schin. 320:
perf. pass. Ttsitagcovri^ai,
iiiJisnagcovrifxaL, later,

Lucian.

aor. pass, ijtagcovrj&r^v,

Dem. 612.

see TIOPSl. Tidaaad-at (jtd), see TtaTsofiat, Ttdaaod^ai \na), see IIASl,

nAPSl,
ndaxo
aor.

{HAS SI, HHOn,

HEN 9 SI),

to suffer,

feel, be affected, fut. neiaofiat,

Soph. Tyr. 228

sTtr^aa rare and doubtful, ^sch. Agam. 1624: 2 perf. nsnovd^a, Epic ninrid'a {nena^via), Soph. Col. 595; Odys. 17, 555; very rarely ninoaxoL Doric, Etymol. Magn., quoted 2 pluperf. (ijisTZovdecv) insnovd^i^, Arist. Eccl. 650: 2 aor. ajtad^ov, Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 10.

ninoa&s, 2 perf 2
23, 53.

avvEV7isTiov-&Mg

plur. for nsnov&aif,

(avv,
ev,

Odys. 10, 465

7iE7tovd^(6g),

2
is

perf.

part., benefited^ well treated with,

Dem.

105, 149.

The

Doric 2 perf ninoaxcc shows that the x

one of

212
the radical letters.
'

naxs
The
steps

are

nAOJl, naa&o)

(like

diddaxM, ei'axa^ aXvoaoi), from JIJAXJI, si'xo), AATKfL)t compare the Doric ogvix^g for oQvi&sg from ogng. ndo/io Some suppose that axw was appended to the root ; thus noc&axo), and by transferring the aspiration of ,9^ to x, and dropping the remainder, naoxw highly satisfactory to deaf and dumb scholars, or, which amounts to the same thing, to such persons -as find it extremely difficult, if not absolutely

At any rate, the impossible, to pronounce th as in thin. bequest of the & cannot be supported by analogy. Etymologically connected with the l^^im patior^ passtis.
Ttarioixat

{UASl),

Herod. 2, 37: 1036: pluperf.

eat, Poetic and Ionic, ndaofiai (), jEsch. Sept. nsTtdafirfv implying perf. nsjia'
to taste,
fut.

dfxat, II. 24, 642: aor. indad^ir^v, II. 1, 464; Not to be confounded with Soph. Antig. 202. nazio^at from the regular Ttaisa,

It is formed from JIASI after the analogy of mdonai, onioj, from AASl that is, it presupposes a verbal noun in -ttj, or -Trjg. The theme IIAJI seems to be etymologically connected with ^6ax(a (?), Latin pasco, pabulum,
'

Ttavco, to

cause to cease, stop, repress,

:

fut.

navcio,

Soph. Elec. 795 aor. eitavaa, Xen. Mem. 3, 6, aor. pass. sTtavperf. Ttin avxa, Dem. 478 1 d^r^v and enavad^riv as middle, Hes. Theog. 533 ; Herod. 5, 93 fut. pass. nav&TJaoixai as middle, Thuc. 1, 81 3 fut. pass. TtsTtavaoiiai as middle, Soph. Antig. 91. Verbal Ttavaiio? (pet naveiv), Mid. navo^ai, to cease, stop, Plat. Gorg. 167. perf. nsTtavfiai, fut. navdo^ai, Soph. Col. 1040 Thuc. 1,6: aor. iTtavadfir^v, Xen. Hel. 3, 3, 4. Verbal Ttavaiios (del Ttavsa&ai), Dem. 151. The imperat. 2 sing, navs is often used as middle, cease,
: :
:

stop, Hes. Scut.

449

Soph. Phil. 1275.

UAH,
UASl,

to taste, eat,

see Ttaziofxat,
to

mid.

UAOMAI,

aofiai (a),

Msch. Eum. 177:

acquire, find, fut. ndperf. nindfiai as

;

present, to possess, J^sch. Choeph. 191

Pind.

nnyt

213

Pyth. 8, 103: pluperf. sTtSTid^ur^v and UBTtd^riv Anthol. 7, 67 ; Xen. Anab. 1, 9, 19: aor. sTidadfir^v, iEsch. frag. 199. TiSL&cj (III0S2), to persuade, fut. nsicfco^ Eurip. Hec. 294: aor. BTtuaa, Dem. 1296: perf. niTisiyca, Xen. Anab. 6, 4, 14: perf. pass. uEneLas imperfect,
aor. pass. iTtsca^r^v, Dem. dfiai, Thuc. 6, 40 991 2 aor. smd'ov Poetic, Pind. Pyth. 3, 115 Epic also 7tim&ov, Horn. Hym. 1, 275; 3, 7 II. 1, 100 ; 9, 184 2 perf. TtsjioLd-a, nsTtoid^oii^v, as present middle, to trust, Soph. Aj. 769 Arist. Ach. 940. Mid. Ttsid-ofiai, to persuade one^s self, hence to believe, obey, fut. nBtao^ioLi, Soph. Antig. 67: perf. nsTtsLdfiai, -^sch. Pers. 697: 2 aor. ijiMfxriv Poetic, Soph. Tyr. 321. Verbal TtsLaxios (8sL TtSL&sa&aL), Xen. Anab. 6, 6, 1 4. From the 2 aor. sTtid-ov comes a new fut. nid-qaa, ivill obey, Odys. 21, 369: aor. inid^rfaa, m&rjaas, trusting, II 4, 398; Pind. 4, 194. From the Epic 2 aor. nsmd^ov comes another
:
:

new

fut. TtsTtid'TJao
II.

equivalent to neioo, will perEpic (from the root m5^-) for Pind. Isth. 4, 159; 14, 55.

suade,

22, 223.
pluperf.
2,
II.

inini^^EV, 2
inBnoi&BifiBv,

341;

4,

122, 2 aor. part, nsni^cav is equivalent to nsnoidcog, trusting. Hermann objects to this use of nsni&eov, and proposes nlovvog' Pindar, however, seems to prefer neni&ojv. It may possibly be etymologically connected with the Latin Jido, Jidus {niaios, niavvog), Jides {nloTtg), English
faith.
Ttstxco

and Ttsxrio, to shear, comb, fut. Doric ns^S, Theoc. 5, 98 aor. em^a, Anthol. 6, 279 perf. pass. TtsTtsyfxai, dTtonensxTai, in Hesychius aor. pass. i7tsx&r}v, Arist. Nub. 1356: aor. mid. ins|a^?^ J/ reflexive, II. 14, 176; as passive, Theoc.
:

28, 13.

The form

Ttsujia)

presupposes a verbal noun in

-xrig

from

the simple ntUta (nEKJl).

214

nsiv
Etymologically connected with the Latin pecto, pectcn.

TtsLvda (d), to hunger, be hungry, regular, except

that
it

contracts as,

asi into
Arist.

?/,

y,

respectively
;

as Tistvjjv for

nuvav,

Nub. 441

II.

3, 25.

7ieivi]fivai, infin. Epic, as if from nsivrjfii, Odys. 20, Compare nsvx^i^fisvut, cpiX^fi8vai, from nsv^io), qptAew. 137.
:

Epic for Ttsgatvco, Pind. Isth. 8, 49 aor. Odys. 22, 175 perf. pass. 3 sing, neTtsigavTai, Soph. Trach. 58. nsigdco, to try, prove, fut. nHgdaco (d), Thuc. 4, 43: aor. ijteigdaa. Soph. Col. 1256: aor. pass. sTtsigad-qv as middle, Arist. Eq. 506. Epic and Ionic TtsigTJt^co, iTtsigrfcia, sTtsigrjd^rfv, II. 12, Mid. neLgdo^cci generally 301 Herod. 7, 135. equivalent to the active, fut. nsigdaofiat, Xen. Eq. 10, 5: perf. nsTtsigdfiat, Dem. 255. 1453: Verbal nsigaaor. ijtsigaadfiriv, Thuc. 2, 44.
nstgaivco,
BJtslgriva,
:

Teas (Set Jisigdad^at),

nsigco

Xen. Mem.
:

1, 2,

34.

pass through, fut. TtegS, Soph. Aj. 461 aor. ejtsLga, Herod. 4, 103: perf. pass. nenag^aL, Arist. Ach. 794: 2 aor. pass, indgriv, Herod. 4, 94. Soph. Aj. 461, niXayog tisqm may be compared with xvto pierce, transfix,

{IIEPSl),

fAaia nelQ(av,

and nelgs xiXev&ov,

II.

24, 8; Odys. 8, 183;

2,434.
veru,
to be etymologically connected with the Latin English spear, spur, pierce, Italian sprone (whence Romaic omgovvi).
It

seems

nsXda) (jteXas, IIAASl), to cause to approach, bring near. Epic, infin. neXdav (itsXdv), Horn. Hym. 6, 44 ; also nsXdd^oi (d), to approach, in Attic Poetry, Eurip. Rhes. 556 ; Arist. Thesm.

58:

perf.

pass.

neTtkrifiai,

Odys. 12, 108:

:

aor.

pass. ijtXddriv (a)

as middle,

in Attic Poetry,

jEsch. Prom. 896 ; Eurip. Rhes. 920 2 aor. mid. iTtXrjfir^v, to approach, Hes. Theog. 193 ; II. 4,449; 14, 438.

nsgB
The theme JJAASl
thesis,
'

2lF

is formed by syncope, oi* rather metafrom niXata thus, neXdo), 7iX8a(a, IlAASl. Etymologically connected with xe'Uw, Latin pello.
:

niXo, to be, Poetic, II. 3, 3 imperf. en^Xov, niXov, Mid. Find. Olym. 1, 72; Hes. Scut. 164. niXo^ai^ equivalent to the active, and more commonly used, II. 1 , 284 imperf. lueXo^riv, neXo^Tjv, 11. 9, 526.

enXs, was, imperf. 3 sing, syncopated, for stieXs, II. 12, I'nXso, contracted 71 Ai; and 71 Ac V, imperf mid. 2 sing, syncopated, as present, thou art^ II. 1, 418 ; 9, 54 ; nXofiBvogj 24,219; 3 sing. I'ttAsto, heis^ II. 1, 506. enmXofisvog, nsQinXofZEvog, pres. mid. part, syncopated, revolving, surrounding, Odys. 7, 261 II. 23, 833.
11.

TCBv&eco (tzsv&os), to sorrow, regular.

Epic

infin.

HENOil,
Ttknxca,

nsv&rjixevai, like II I, Odys. 18, 174.

71 6710 GO'S,

(pihj[xevat, as

if

from nevd-ri-

TtiTtgcoTai, 7t7tgc)fxivri,

see Ttdaxf^see IIOPSl,

see Tceaao,

TisgacvG) (jtigag),

to complete, put an end to, fut. Ttsgava, Thuc. 6, 86 : aor. inegava, Soph. Aj. 22; perf. pass, infin. 7iE7tegdv&oii, Plat. Gorg.
:

aor. pass, iuegdvd^riv, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 39. 61 Verbal TiegavTeos, Plat. Leg. 4, 7. nsgdo, to go over, pass through, fut. 7tsgd(fG} (a), Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 20 aor. euigaGa, Soph. Tyr. 674 perf. TtfTTf ^ccxa, -Esch. Pers. 65. Epic and Ionic 7isgrjac}, aTtigriaa, II. 5, 646 ; 21, 594.
,

GXb), to

For the Epic nfqdav^ ensQiian (cja), which they properly belong.

Ttsni^rj^ai,

see ninqd-

jtegdofxai, pedo,

Arist. Nub. 9 : fut. 7taghj(io]iai, Ran. 10: 2 aor. eTtagSov, Ttdgda, Arist. Eq. 639 2 perf. 7i7tog8a as present, Arist. Nub. 392: 2 pluperf. i7t7i6gdsLv as imperfect, Arist. Vesp. 1305.
Arist.
:

Arist. Vesp. 394,

dnondgdw

is

written also

unonaQdoJ,


;:

216
implying 2
digyio^ai
It is
'

nsgd^
aor.

pass,
also

inufjdrjv,

analogous to idgaxi^v from

2 fut. pass, nocgdrjao^ai. an onomatopy, connected with the Latin pedo.

to lay waste,

whence

Tisg&co,

sack as a

city,

Poetic, fut.

7iig(Jco,

Soph.

Phil.

114:

aor.

sjtegaa,
9,

Odys.
141
:

1,

2: 2

aor.

angaQov Epic, Pind. Pyth.

fut.

mid. 7t8gaofiat as passive, II. 24, 729 2 aor. mid. BJtgadoiiriv as passive, Odys. 15,384. Pass. Ttsgdoixai, nsgdoixsvos, as aorist, II. 2, 374
enegOoiiriv as aorist, II. 12, 15. writers use the regular nogdeco,

imperf.

Prose
II.

nsQ&ai, 2
708.
It seems per do.

aor. mid. infin. syncopated,

as passive,

16,

to be etymologically

connected with the Latin

TCsgtsTtG),

see eTto,

nkgvriiii {negdco), Poetic for niTtgdaxcD, part, nsgvds,

II.

Arist.

Pass, nigvafiai, 22, 45; Eurip. Cycl. 271. Eq. 176: imperf. iTtsgvdfir^v, Pind. Isth.
iterative, like 'laiaaxs

2,11.
nigvaoKS, imperf.
24, 752.

from

Xairmi,

II.

niaaco or
Arist.

TtexTco,

later itBTtxa
II.

(UEIIJl),
perf. pass.

to

cook,
Arist.

digest, aor. STtsxpa,

1,81:
aor.

TtSTtsijLfjiai,

Plut.

1126:

pass,

enscpdi^v,

Vesp. 668. The theme

Latin
coquoy
kitchen.

nEnH
cocus,

is etymologically connected with the coquina, English cook, cake, bake,

Ttsiafiai, see nsTdofiac.

nexdvvij^L
later

and nexavvvco {UETJl), to expand, Xen. Anab. 7, 1, 17: fut. nsxdaa (d), 7iBx6, -as, Eurip, Taur. 1134; Suidas voc. dvaTTSxS aor. inixdaa (oa), Eurio. Phoen. 788 II. 4, perf. jiSTcixadfiai, Attic nsTtxdfjiai, 523 Herod. 1, 62; Athen. 4, 29; Arist. Nub. 343:
Ttsxdo,
:

nriyv
aor. pass.

217

iTtsidadi^v,

Eurip. Cycl. 497.

See
aor.

Rem.

17.

Etymologically connected with the Latin pateo^ pando.

Tieidofiai,
to fly,

and Tthdfxai like tWa^at, Find. Pyth. Herod. 3, 111 pass. ijieTcia&r^v, Anacr. 40, 6.
;

for niiofiat,

8,

128:

Anacr. 9,2, nixaaai, 2 pers. sing, from nixa^ai, \\]^e It is by some changed into ne'iaaaai, loraaat from ioTcifxai. by others, into mtaoai from nsrdoftai, like xoi^aaai, odviaaaif Alexandrian for noifxa, odwix. But as this Anacreontic ode

was written when the language was in its decline, which implies that Anacreon had nothing to do with it, it is fair to
suppose that
long.
TtSToico,
its
is

There

no end

author considered the penult of nixaaab to proposing such emendations.

see nszoivvv^u

nil

fiat
:

(UETSl,

HETA SI),

90

fut. TteiTJaofiaL, Arist.

syncopated, Soph. Aj. 693; Tyr. 17; Plat. Phsedo, See also iJiTa^ai, Rep. 2, 8.
fxr^v

to fly, Eurip. Ion, Pac. 77 : 2 aor. ijiToniia&ai, jiTOfxsvog, Ttiotfir^v,

134;

IIETSl, see
nscpvov, see
TiTJyvv^L

Tiszoivvvfit,

nsio^ai, Ttimco,

7tv&ofiai, see

Ttwddvo^au
(ZL^freeze,
II.

0ENS2,
nyiyvvco, later mjaaco or tiiJttg)
to fasten,
6,
:

and

rSl,

imrSl),

fix,
fut.

stifl'en,

transitive,

Xen. Ven.

7:
aor.

nri^G),

22,

283 821

;
:

Pind. Olym. 6, 4
perf. pass.

enri^a,

Soph. Aj.

7is7irj/fxai later:

aor. pass. iTtrj-

X^Tfv not

31:2

Eurip. Cycl. 302; Theoc. 23, aor. pass. iTrdyrjv the usual aorist passive,

common,

jiEsch. Eum. 190: 2 perf. nsn-qya, Doric nejioi^ ya, as present middle, to he fixed, stand fast, II. 3, 135 ; Ale. 1 2 pluperf. ijtsTtrjysiv as imperfect middle, Thuc. 7, 38. Mid. Ttjjywfiai transitive, Hes. Op. 807: aor. inr^^dfirfv, Herod. 5,83; Pind. frag. 137.
:

19

218

m^&o)

nr^yvvTOi pres. mid. opt. 3 sing., Plat. Phaedo, 154. The analogical form would be nriywho or m^yvmio, like latano or dvvaiTo, formed by annexing -no to the root nr^yw-. But according to the ancient grammarians the diphthong vt cannot stand before a consonant. Therefore the i was dropped and the v lengthened. See Eustath. ad 11. 13,379: also Bekker's Anecdota, o^vvr^v, ^svyvvrjv, in the Index; and

compare Xdvio,
copated,
II.

daivvTo,

is

i'nrjxTo,

aor. mid.

sing, syn-

II, 378.

The theme jJArSL pango, paxiUiis, palus,

pole,

connected with nuaaaloq, Latin

vallus, pessulus, Jigo, English peg,

Romaic

naXovxi.

UHOJl,
ntifxacvco

see Tidaxo,
(nrji-ia,

IIHMANSl),
11.

to injure^ fut. nyj;

fiavso,
aor.
fidvd^ffv,

TCT^i-iavco,

24, 781

Eurip. Aul. 525

:

ijtTJfxr^va,

Soph. Col. 837

Soph. Aj. 1155.

aor.

pass,

ini]'

Msch. Prom. 334:

fut.

mid. nrffxavov-

fxat reflexive,
Arist.

Ach. 842, nrifiavtljai,

in Dindorf's edition nt]-

nrjaaa, see Ttijyvvfii.

Ttid'Co

(nii^o), to press with the hand, grasp, take

of, catch, aor.

hold

inta^a and imaaa, Theoc.

aor.

4,

35; N. T. John, 21, 3:

Hippocr.

pass.

iTtidoOriv,

Ttu^a, to press, squeeze, fut. nisaco, Athen. 4, 1 1 : aor. ijiuaa, not Attic iuu^a, Herod. 9, 63 Hippocr. : perf. pass, neniso^ai, and jiSTtu/fiai

not

Attic,

Hippocr.

aor.

pass,
1 1
:

inieodr^v,
;

and
con-

iuLixOriv not Attic, Herod. 4, Epic and Ionic nu^to), Hippocr.

Hippocr.

imperf. inie^sov

tracted ;ri'^fi;>', Odys. 12, 174: pres. pass, part, nis^eofitvog contracted nis^sv^evoc, Herod. 3, 146; 6, 108.

Ttid^aa, Ttidrjoas, see tislOc),

nilvdco (itsidco), to cause to approach, bring near, Mid. nlXva^ai, to apEpic, Hes. Op. 508.

II.

proach, like tWa^af, 703.

19,

93; Hes. Theog.

II.

ni^nXdvo^ai, Epic

for

miinXa^ai,

9,

679.

ni^Tt
TtifiTtXrifii

219

{nAAl^
inflected

Tti^Ttkdco), Ionic also TtiunXsa,

like loiafiac in the

to fill,

present and
:

Av. 1310; Hes. imperfect, II. 21, 23; Hippocr. imperf. Theog. 880; Herod. 7, 39; BTt^mXriv, rarely im^TtXcov (-aov), Xen. Anab.
Arist.
1, 5,
:

10

Cyr.

6, 1,

26

fut. nXijac),
:

Eurip. Hip.

691 aor. sTtXtfaa, Herod. 2, 87 perf. TtsnXr^xay ifXTtajtXrfxa, Plat. Gorg. 157: perf. pass, niitlria^ai, Plat. Rep. 7, 3 pluperf. pass. iTtsjzXTJfii^v,
:

Lysias,

820

aor. pass. enXriadriv, Eurip. Heracl.

TtXr^axsos,
Plat.

646.

Verbal
:

Rep.

2,

14.
HeII.

Mid.
rod.

TttfiTtlai^aL, aor.

iTiXr^adfiriv transitive,

17, 2, 87 499; Odys. 8, 16; Hes. Scut. 146; Theog. 688 ; in the Attic dialect ijikTJfxriv is reflexive. The present and imperfect drop the first when, in com-

aor.

iTiXrjfir^v

as passive,

fi

position, another

^ comes

to stand before the first syllable

as
to

ifininlrjfii,
nliJ,7iQrjfxi,

not
as

ifxnlfi7iXrj}ii.

The same remark

applies also

ifini7iQr]fiL.

2 sing, for i^ninXa&i, II. 21, 311. from ffininXeai, -nXruii, Hippocr. Etymologically connected with nXrj&oc, noXvg, nXiog or nXicng, nXrjgrjg, Latin plus, populus (with the reduplication), plebs, plu7imus, plenus, pleo, pkrusque, English Jill, full.

ifinmXslg,

ifini7iXr)&i, imperat.
part,

nl^Tcgri^L
to burn,

and
like

jtcfiTTgdco

{IIPASl)^

rarely TtgijOo,

loxaaai in the present and imperfect, Eurip. Troad. 893; Xen. Anab. 7, 4, 15; Hel. 6, 5, 22; II. 9, 689: fut. itgriaG), iEsch. Sept. 434: aor. sTtgrjaa, Xen. Anab. 4, 4, 14: perf. TtSTtgijxa, vTtoneTzgrixa, Hippocr. perf. pass.
:

neTtgr/iiai

Herod.

8,

and 144:

7iS7igrf6fiai,

Arist.

aor. pass,

iizgrjad^riv,

29: 3 fut. pass. nsTigTJaoixai, See also nlfXTtXriui,

Epic termination

Vesp. 36 Thuc. 4, Herod. 6, 9.

nlfinQTiai, VTronlfingrjoi, pres. subj. 3 sing, with the -ai, for the analogical tti^ttqi], Arist. Lys. Compare ffxf^aVi/iifft from axf<5>'yi;|Ut. 348. sngsaa, aor, act. for tngriaa, Hes. Theog. S5Q.

220

mvv

Etymologically connected with nvg, English J?re, hum, brown.

Tiivvaxo, later nLvvaaco

der intelligent,

advise^ jEsch.
discreet,
;

(IIINTJl, UNTJl), Pers. 830

II.

to ren;

Nau-

mach. 32
animated,
71S7TVVOO,

perf. pass,
tvise,

ninvif^ai as present, to be
24,

377

imperat.
11.

Theogn. 29

infin.

nauvvodai^
:

23,

440

part,

nenvv^kvo?, Hes. Op. 729

pluperf.

STienvv^Tlv (v) as imperfect,

Odjs. 23, 210. The forms ninw^aL, &c. are generally subjoined to nvia. The theme niNTJl is formed from llJNTSL by simply ini

serting

before

v.

Compare
to

^va, Latin mina.

nivco (IIISI,

II0J2),
I,

drink, fut. TiLOfiat

4,

comperf.

monly long
thors,
TiSTtcoxa,

also TtLovfjiac rare in the early au-

Soph. Col. 622; Xen. Con.*

Eurip. Cycl. 536
:

7:

perf.

pass. Ttsnofxai,

Dem. 34
66
:

aor.

pass,
nidi,

iitodrfv^

iEsch.
i,

Choeph.
nioLfic,

2
;

aor. btzlov

commonly
niSLv,

short

Ttia,

me commonly
1401
Arist.

Ttoxeo?, Plat.

Soph. Tyr. Vesp. 1489; XL 16, 825. Verbal Leg. 2, 14.

ni6v,

nslVf 2 aor. infin. for ntuv, Anthol. 11, 140; perhaps an Find. Olym. 6, 147, nlofiUL comattempt at synizesis. monly considered as a present, I drink. " But I can see no reason," says Donaldson, *' for making this an excepThe meaning [of the passage jag tion to the general rule. iQUTHvov .... v^vov] is, * wkosc pleasant water I will drinky when I weave a hymn for warriors.' " Connected with the Latin poto, hiho (with the reduplica-

tion).

TtiTtiaxo

(IIIJl, ntva), to give to drink, to water, Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. ^ 39 fut. niaco (i), Pind. Isth. 6, 108: aor. sTttaa, evautaa, Pind. frag. 77, 1 ; Hippocr. de Loc. in Homin. 38 aor. pass, iniad-riv later Epic, Nicand. Ther. 624 aor. mid. iTttadfirfv later Epic, Nicand. Ther. 877.
: :

niTtXco,

BTtLTckov,

for miinXrini, rare

and doubtful,

Hes. Scut. 29 L

; :

TtLTV

g2i
to sell, Call. frag.

TiiTTgdoxa) (jtsgdo,
fut. TtegdacD (d),

IIPA SI),
Epic

419

infin.

nsgdav

{jiegdasiv,

454: aor. sTtegdaa (oa) Epic, Odys. 15, 428. 387: perf. nsTtgdxa, Dem. 104: aor. perf. pass, nkngd^ai, Xen. Con. 4, 31 fut. pass. pass, ingdd^riv (d). Soph. Trach. 252
nsgdv),
II.

21,

ngad-qaoiiaL rare, Athen. 4, 51 : 3 fut. pass. 7rs7rgdao[xat the usual future passive, Xen. Anab. Ionic TtiTtgijaxoj nsTtgrifiat, iTigij&rfv. 7, 1, 36. Verbal ngaxio?, Plat. Leg. 8, 13.

For

the Epic
is

mQuaa,

iusQaacx, Attic writers

fiai, unsdofirjv,

from

anodldojfui.

The

use anodcoao-

perf.

pass, infin. ne-

TjQoia&ai

often equivalent to the aor. pass, infin. TTgaS^rjvai,

Arist.

The forms ninQuojiajj nenQuHa, Ach. 734. 735. nsTXQafiat, and inQu&tjv are formed from nsgdm by metathesis and contraction. Compare xsgavvvfti.

TtLTtto)

(HETSI, nTESI, HTOSl), to fall, fut. neaov^ai, resolved neasofiac Epic and Ionic, Thuc.
9; Herod.
in 7,

5,

163;

II.

11,

rare

the

early

authors,

824: aor. sneaa commonly sTtsaov,

:

^schin. 303 ; Soph. Aj. 620 perf. Tiimcoxa, Thuc. 4, 112; rare and later TtiTtrrfyca, nsTtTtfTcoias, Anthol. 7, 427 2 aor. STtsrov Doric, Pind. Olym. 7, 126; Pyth. 5, 66: 2 perf. part, nsTTTfwg, -cSrog, and TtSTtrrfcos, -via, -arog or -orog, Epic, Odys. 22, 384 II. 21, 503 Apol. 2, 832 Attic 7t7tTcos, '6x0?, Soph. Antig. 697 ; Aj. 828.
:
;

The
TtiTvdo)

part.

nsnTrjMg

must not be confounded with the

nirjaato,

corresponding form from

and nixvri^i (jtsxda), for Ttsxdvvvfjii, to expand, Epic, part, jiixvds, Odys. 11, 392: imperf. 3 sing. Tttxvd, 3 plur. nlxvdv for iTtlxvaaav, II. Pind. Nem. 5, 20. 21, 7 Pass, imperf. 3 plur. BTtixvavxo, Eurip. Elec. 713. nixva (UETIl), for ninxa, to fall. Poetic, ngoaTtLXvofxsv, Ttgoamxvovxss, nixvovxcov, Soph. Col. 19*
;

222

mcpa
691:

1754; iEsch. Pers. 461; Eurip. Elec. imperf. sniTvov as aorist, Soph. Col. 1732.

The forms nlxvta, nitveig, nhvei, nlxvovai, nltvajv, niivovKg, are written also nnvoj, -slg, -tl, -ovai, -oiv, -ovvrsg, as if from nirvsoi, the existence of which, however, will always be
niTvovfisv,

supporters produce the forms Heracl. 617, ngonlTVBi, in Dindorf's edition nQonltvcov, Elmsley's emendation. Pind. Isth. 2, 39, nixvtavxa, implying mxvdoi'
its

considered doubtful, until

niTvelie, sniivovv.

Eurip.

Donaldson
siteness
is

edits

nlxvovxtt (pres. part.)

nixvovxa^ 2 aor. part, as from nuxv^v would be more exquisite but exqui;

no

test

of genuineness.

TtLcpavaxG) ((pddxco,

620
661.

11.

^ASl), to say, tell, Msch, Eum. 478 also to show, JEsch. Pers. Mid. 7ii(pavaxo[xai and 7tiq)dcixofiat, Hes.
10, 202.
;

Theog. 655;
IIIS2, see Tttva.

11.

Originally J^Fji,

21,99. tt 9 pa
1

>{

m.

nAAri2,
nXd'Co
11.

see

nXrlciaa),

HAA SI,

to cause to wander, Poetic, enlay^a, Odys. 24, 307: aor. pass. ijiXdyx^rfv dis middle, Odjs. 1, 2; 11. 1, Mid. TtXd^ofxat, to wander, Soph. Aj. 886 59. fut. TtXdy^o^ai, Odys. 15, 312: aor, mid. InXaLy^dfiTfv later Epic, Apol. 3, 261.

{IIAArrSl),
132:
aor.

2,

see m^itXri^i,

nXr^d^co,

nU(o {UAETSl),

fut. nXsvoo, commonly nXevao^ai or nkevaovfiai, Dinarch. 92; Xen. Anab. 5, 6, 12; Thuc. 1, 53: aor. STrXsvaa, Eurip. Med. 7 perf. ninX^vxa, Soph. Phil. 72 perf. pass. nsTtXsvafiai, Dem. 1286: aor. pass. i7t?.sva&r^v not classical. Scholiast. Thuc. 2, 97.

to sail,

nXrjd'c)

{UAASl),

to be fall,

abound, iEsch. Pers.

272: 2 perf. nsTtlrf&a as present, Theoc. 22, 38 2 pluperf. ijtSTtXrjd^scv as imperfect, Apol. 3,
:

271.
TtXriaaa)

or

TtXTJtTco

{IIAArSl,

IIAHm),

to

; ;

Ttvso)

223
255
:

strike, fut. nhj^a),

Msch,
:

frag.

aor. sjiXtf^a,

Eurip. Aul. 1579

perf.

pass. nkTcXriy^ai, Arist.

Ach. 1218: aor. pass. mXrix^^^ rave, Eurip. Troad. 183: 3 fut. nsithj^ofiat, Arist. Eq. 272: 2 aor. Ttenlriyov Epic, 11. 23, 363. 660 2 perf. nenXriya, II. 2, 264; Arist. Av. 1350: 2 aor. pass. iTtirj/riv, Doric iuldyriv (d), in composi:

tion

ijtldpjv (a), as ycaxsTiXdyriv, Dem. 525 Verbal 7rA)^xTog, Call. Cer. 40. Mid. nXiiaao^ai also TtkrjyvvDinarch. 72.

Thuc. 1,81;

^ at, Thuc.

4,

125:

aor.

inkri^d^riv, Herod. 3,

14: 2 aor. nsitXriyo^riv Epic, II. 12, 162. sninXrjyov or ninXrj'/ov, a new imperfect, U.
Odys. 8, 264.
for -dytiv,

xaisnXrjyrjv
II.

5,

504

50. nsnlriy (av, part, from a new present nsnXrjyco, Call. Jov. 53. The 2 perf. ninXriya sometimes is nsQdi passively, especially by the later writers.

in

Homer,

3,

and i^snXi^yrjv, 2 aor. pass. 31 Horn. Hym. 7, 18, 225

;

nXvvo, to wash as clothes, fut. nXwea, nXvva, Odys. 6, 31; Arist. Thesm. 248: aor. ejilvva, Dem. 1259 perf. pass. ninXv^ai, Athen. 9, 22: Verbal nXvaor. pass. Bnlvdriv (v), Hippocr. Mid. nkvvofiat reflexive, Tsos, Athen. 3, 86. fut. nXvvov^ai^ aor. iTiXvvdfitfv, Herod. 4, 73
:

Arist. Plut.

1064.

nlaa, Epic and Ionic for jrAfw, to sail, Odys. 5, 240 ; Herod. 8, 23 fut. nkado^ai, aor. anXaaa, perf. ninXoTta, Herod. 8, 5 4, 99 ; II. 3, 47: 2 aor. STtXcov, iitinXas, Hes. Op. 648 ; Odys. 3, 15; 12, 69. "The use of ninlMna by Aristophanes [Thesm. 878] who
;

puts

it

into the

in ridicule of the

mouth of Euripides is supposed to have been Tragedian for introducing it at Hel. 532,
edits nsnXivxoTa."

where however Matthiae

Ttvio

Carmichael.
fut.

{UNETSl),

to

blow,
Arist.

breathe,

nvsvao,
aor.
I-

commonly nvsvao^iat
Eurip. Andr. 555;

or nvsvaovfxai,

Dem. 284

Ran.

1221:

224

nviy
:

Phaedr.

nvevaa, Xen. Hel. 7, 4, 32 perf. nsTtvsvxa, Plat. 100: aor. pass. invsvoOriv hter.-r-See

also dfZTtvvco, tclvvgxco.

We
TCVLya
perf.

have already attempted to connect this verb

vi^ith

the

Saxon blowan, English blow.

(I), to

Athen.

2,

74:

choke, strangle, suffocate, fut. Ttvi^a, aor. envi^a, Xen. Hel. 3, 1, 14:

pass. nsTtviyiiai, Arist.

Vesp. 511
:

aor.

pass, ijtviyjjv ()),

fiat,

Dem. 883

fut.

mid. Ttvi^ov-

Athen. 2, 57.

see dfXTtvvo), TtLvvaxco, noLnvvco, see nodco. TtoOio (jiodos), to desire, regret, miss, fut. itoB-qaa, TtoOsao^ai, Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 3; Plat. Phaedr. 106: aor. enoOriaa and iitoOsaa, Xen. Hel. 1, 1, 30; Isocr. 385: perf. nenodTjxa, Anthol. 11,
TCosco,

UNTSl,

417.
no&rjIuBvai,
110.

The noun
And

infin.

Epic, as

if

from 7io&rjfii,Odys. 12,

UENOfL).
710 &og

7ro5o? is derived from UAOJl (nEOfL, as the primary meaning of nuaxm is to ex-

perience an emotion or sensation^

the primary

meaning of

must be emotion , feeling.

Ttoisco

and noso, to make, do, regular, Arist. Ran. 522. 526 3 fut. pass, nsnoirjaoixai, Hippocr. fut. mid. TTOirjao^at as passive, Hippocr.
:

in

nosco, vt^ithout the i, is of frequent occurrence ancient inscriptions as inorjocxTav, nouv, inosiasv, for eTioiTjodiTjv, noiuv, enoli]oev, Boeckh's Corp. Inscript. 25 ; Add to this fact the analogy of the Latin 103, 17 8, 9.
;

The form

po'efa, noiijTrjg.

TZOivdofiaL (jtoivri), to exact retribution, punish, in

Hesychius
1431.
noLTtvvco

fut.

7toLvdao[.iaL

(d),

Eurip.

Taur.

(nveo, ITNTSI), long v, to bustle about,

II.

Epic, 219.

1,

600

24, 475: aor. iTtoiTtvvaa,

(ttoXs^os),

II.

8,

7toXei.u^co

and nioXsfutG)

Epic

for

noks-

ngaa
^0), to

225
223: fut. noXe^l^o 328 aor. nzoU:

war, fight,
II.

11.

13, 123.
;

and

TtToksiii^co,

24, 667

2,

^f|a, Apol. 3, 1233. novea (novog), to labor, feel fatigue, suffer pain, produce by labor ; sometimes to cause pain, disfut. novijoo, noveaco, ti^ess, Pind. Pyth. 6, 268 jEsch. Prom. 343 ; Hippocr. : aor. inovi^aa, inovsaa, Xen. Anab. 7, 6, 41 ; Hippocr.: perf. nsnovr^xa, Arist. Pac. 820 ; Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 22 aor. pass, inoperf. pass. Tcenovrniai, Isoc. 43
: :

Doric ijiovdOrfv, Pind. Olym. 6, 17; as Verbal novrfTsos, middle, Eurip. Hel. 1509. Mid. novko^ai as active, Isoc. Antid. p. 123.
vijOrfv,

fut.

novjjaofxat,

fiai

Odys. 22, 377: perf. nsTtovr^as present. Soph. Trach. 985 ; Herod. 2,
pluperf.
ijtsTtovTJfjirfv

63

as imperfect,
9,

II.

5,

447
2

aor. iTtovr^ad^MTiv,

Odys.

250.
to give. Poetic,
;

nOPJl

or

nPOn,
II.

and

HAP SI,

aor. STTogov,

17, 196; Soph. Tyr. 921

to

infin.

TtSTtogetv

and

nsTtaguv Epic,

show,

make

known, cause to appear, Pind. Pyth. 2, 105: perf. 3 sing, ningcjiat, is fated, -^sch. Prom. 519 part. TteTtgaixivos, decreed by fate, II. 3, 309: pluperf. 3 sing. nsngcoTo, it loas fated, Hes. Theog. 464. Perf. part, neitgcoiikvri as a subpass.
;

stantive, fate, destiny,

Hesychius has nsnagsvaLfiov, ivcpgaaTov, ancpig jtBThe form TlAPfL may safely be naQtlv^ evdsl^ai, arjiiijvai. connected with the Latin pario, pareo.

nogsva,
in

to

cause
active,

to go,

convey, carry, rather Poetic

:

aor. pass. enogevOriv as middle, to go, march, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 10. Ttotdofiat, also TtoTeofiaL not Attic, Poetic for Ttixo-

the

regular

see ittva, ngdaaco or ngdnco

nOQ,

liai, to fly,

regular.

{nPAPSl),

to

do, fut.

ngd^co^

226
Soph. Col. 645
:

Ttgao
aor.

sTtga^a,
:

Xen. Cyr.

5, 4,

ningaxoL, Dem. 972 perf. pass, nkngayiiai^ Eurip. Hec. 1038: aor. pass, eugaxdriv, Thuc. 6, 28 : 3 fut. pass. TtsTtgdlofiai, Arist. Plut. 1027

23

have done well or Pind. Pyth. 2, 134. Verbal ngaxisos, Soph. Tyr. 1439. Mid. ngdactofiai, to exact as money, require for one's self, ngd^ofxai, TtingayixaL^
perf. TisTtgdya intransitive, to
ill,

ijigaldfxr^v,

Thuc.

8,

37; Dem. 786. 931. 845;

Xen. Hel.
The
nqriya,

1, 5,

19; Soph. Tyr. 287.

lonians change into tj throughout, as ngrjaoco, niwhich shows that the penult of this verb is also long
sv,

hy nature. In connexion with certain adverbs (as

tive is intransitive,
to

naxmi), the

ac-

do well or ill, to he prosperous or unfortunate, in which case Ttingaya is its proper perfect. Xen. Hel. 1, 4, 2, nsngaya has the force of the perfect middle ninqay^uL the antecedent of wv is put in the genitive by attraction ; navTmv (ov, for ndvTa tav,

'

IIPA1, see
Ttgr^dco,

m^Ttgrnii, niTtgdaxa.
to

IIP I

AMAI^

see ni^Ttgri^L,
buy,

ngiai^riv, ngiaao
vog, Arist.

2 and

aor.
Tigico,

iTtgidixrfv,

ngicofiat,

Nub. 23.

The

ngtaodai, ngtdfiS' rest is borrowed from

aviofiai.
Ttgico (i)

and Ttgi^o, to saio, gnash the teeth, Arist. Ran. 927 ; Plat. Theog. 4 aor. eTigtaa, Thuc. 4, 100: perf. pass. nsTtgici^ai, aor. pass. iTtglodriv^
:

Arist. Pac. 1135. 1261. Tcgo^s^ovXa^ see ^ovXofiai, Ttgotaaofxat, to offer an extended hand (for charity), to beg, Archil, frag. 28, 2 fut. ngotcfaofxaL only in composition Tcaiangotaaoixai, will get off unpunished, do any thing with impunity, always ac:

companied by
1396.

ov, not,

Herod.

3,

36

Arist.

Vesp.

ngooxvvso, see xwio.

TtTvo)

227
defective

Ttgovaskso), to
1

and Poetic, Ran. 730 part, pass. ngovaeXoviABvos, jEsch. Prom. 438. Hesychius has nQoa iXsi, nQonrjXaxl^si nQOvyeXsTv, Thc Ety mologicum Magnum (voc. TiQOTTTjhixl^Eiv, v^Qt^Eiv.
abuse, insult,
plur.

TtgovasXovfiev,

Arist.

'

7iQoasXi]voi)

Its

equivalent

has TrgovaelXs'lv Xe/ovai ro v^qI^siv. nQonrjXaxiCo) {nqo, TxrjXog) suggests

I'Xog,

marsh, swamp, pool. We may therefore assume ngoofsBy dropping p, we obtain ngoaiXsi, ngovaeXXelv. The Xsm. form ngovyeXftv is obtained by dropping a and changing f Buttmann, oddly enough, objects to this derivation into ;'. on account of its apparent agreement with a word of a similar meaning, ngom^Xaxl^a), which is derived from ntjXog, mud.

7tgo(paai^ofiai (Ttgocpadig),

to

make

pretexts, feign

an excuse,
aor.

fut.

ngocpaOLov^ai, -^schin. 416: aor.

7igov(paoLod[xriv (jcgosipaaLod^riv),

Thuc.

5,

54

pass.

part,

ngocpaaicdiv

passively

used,

Thuc.

8, 33.

npoa,
9
:

see

nop SI,
Imagov,
Arist.

Tiidgv^fiat (^IITAPSl), to sneeze,

aor.

Xen. Anab. 3, 2, Ran. 647 2 aor. pass,

:

part. Ttragsig^

Hippocr.

TLTAQ., see
TtTrjaoo
to

iTtiafxai, Ttiijaaco,

{UTAKSl, UTHKSl, UTAH, UTHMI),

:

nxr^^co,

crouch from fear, to fear, be terrified, fut. Anthol. 12, 141 aor. sjnrf^a, Soph. Aj.
:

171; Col. 1466; sometimes causatively, /o ^erperf. smtf^^a, rify, II. 4, 40 ; Eurip. Hec. 180 2 aor. ejiraxov, ^sch. Eum. 252 also Isoc. 94 2 aor. 3 dual jiiiJTtfv Epic, II. 8, 136: 2 perf. 7ismri(6s, -via, -mos, Epic, Odys. 14, 354. 474.
:

The 2

perf. part. nEnrrjag

the corresponding form of

must not be confounded with nlmw.

moXsfii^cD, see noXsixi^a.

IITOn,

see nlnjco,
5,

TiTvco, to spit, fut.

Anthol.

TCTvaa, 7tTV(jOjj,ai (v), Hippocr.: 197: aor. snivaa, Soph. Antig. 653:

228
aor. pass.

nvdco
irtTvodriv,

aor.

pass.

Itttvt^v,

Hip-

pocr.
It is
spit.

an onomatopy^ connected with the Latin spuo^ English

TtvOco

transitive, Hes. 174: aor. STCvaa, Horn. Hym. 1,371. 374; but nvas {v), Call,
(if),

to

cause to decay,
II.

rot,

Op. 624:
313.

fut. Ttvaco (i>),

4,

frag.

Mid.

TCvdo^aL, to rot, intransitive,

11.

23, 328.
Etymologically connected with the Latin puteo, puter,
putris.

Ttvxd^o),

to

make

dense,

pass.

part.

TtSTtvxaSfiivos

cover up, regular: perf. for itEJivxaa^ivo?,

Sapph. 30. nvvOdvoiiai {nETBSl,

dofxai,
to inquire,
:

UTSSl),
by

Poetic also nzv-

tear?}

inquiry, hear, jEsch.

itevao^ai and jcsvoov^ai, Xen. ^Esch. Prom. 998: perf. nsTtvaixai, Thuc. 8, 51 : 2 aor. mid. invdofirfV, Epic nsTtvdofiT^v, Soph. Col. 11 ; II. 6, 60; 10, 381. Verbal navaiios. Plat. Sophist. 61.
fut.
;

Agam. 988
Cyr.
6,

2,

11

ninvaaai,

perf.

sing. Poetic for nenvaoti,

Odys. 11, 494.

nvgiaacD or nvgijrco, to have a fever, fut. jivgi^a, aor. iTivge^a, and ijtvgsaa, Hippocr. ncoksofxai {niXo), to go about, to go. Epic, Hes. Theog. 781 fut. ncoXTJaofiai, II. 5, 350.
:

Odys. 4, 811,
for ncaXso.

TiwAfi" stands

for

Compare Odys.
II.

^Eig' also 1, 490.

18, 385.

TKaXsaxsTo,
P.

5, 88,

ncoXiai (TKaXimi), not ndgog ys fjtsv oint x^a/iilimperf. iterative,

II.

'PArl,
galva

see gi^yvvfii,
to

(PANSl, Pu^JSI),
:

sprinkle, fut. gavco,

aor. sggdva, Ionic sggrfva, Eurip. Thes. frag. 1 Epic sggaaa, Eurip. Cycl. 402; Odys. 20, 150:

fs
perf.

229

pass.

-ai/roct,

Schol.
'

iggadazaL
134.

e^ga&^aL and aggufif^iai (?), -avaai, ad II. 12, 431; Hesych. voc. aor. pass, iggdv&riv, Find. Pjth. 5,
perf.

iQQoidatai,
pluperf. pass.

pass. 3 plur. Epic, Odys. 20, 354: sQQadctTO, II. 12, 431. Etymologically connected with the English rain,

plur.

gdaaco

(PAFU),
8,

for grjaoo,

grj^^wfii,

fut.

gd^co,

sgga^a, Xen. Hel. 7, 5, 16: aor. pass, iggd^^rfv doubtful, Thuc. 7, 6. gs^o (EPFJl, PEFSl), for Ighco or tg^co, to do, Poetic, II. 21, 214: fut. geiG), Soph. Phil. 1191 aor. eggs^a^ Poetic also k'gs^a, II. 9, 536 ; Soph.

Thuc.

96:

aor.

Col.

539
is

aor. pass. part. gs/&stg,

II.

17, 32.

formed from EPrSl by metathesis. But EPril was ^EPrSl' therefore the original form of qi^oa was F^c^w. Compare the English wrought wrighty with the kindred words QsxTfjg, qsxtijq. 'PErSl
^

gsco

(PETSl, PTSl),
Thes.
:

to

flow,

fut.

gsvaofiou, later
5, 125; Eq. 526

gevaa, Eurip.

frag.

1; Anthol.
Arist.

Athen.
active,
tive,

6,

94

aor.

sggsvaa,

perf. iggvrixa, Isoc.

Thuc.

2,

Isoc. 187.

159: 2 aor. pass, iggvr^v as 2 fut. pass. gvyjoo^iaL as ac1,

Pass, imperf. l^^fo^T^v, Eurip.

5, 4.
if

Hel. 1602;

Xen. Anab.

Qsovfisvog, pres. pass. part. Ionic for geofisvog, as ^BBOfifvog, Herod. 7, 140. Its original form was qs foj, or perhaps F^fpw. pare ^fjva, Latin rivus, English river, brook (gva^).

from

Com-

'PESl,

to say^ perf. sigr^xa,

pass. etgri^aL,

Thuc.

1,

Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, Ionic dgrj&rfv and slgsd'rfv, but only in the indicative, .^Eschin. 216; Herod. 4, 77. 156: 3 fut. dgTJaofxat as future passive, Thuc. 6, 34 ; Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 9. Verbal gr^jsos, Dem. 612. See
gr^&S,

Soph. Col. 414: perf. 139 aor. pass. iggjjd-TfVy 19; sometimes f^^f^?/v,
:

also

EinSI.
20

'

230
Its original

gr^r^
form was ^PJESl, hence

fgarga

for qi^tqu,

It is moreover connected with the Elean inscription. (Tqco, to say, and EPOMAI, to ash, and perhaps with <jp^a^w also with the Latin ora^ whence orator (^?jrw^).

in

griyvv^i
grjaacD,

and
to

griyvvo)

(FArSl, PHrSl\
Dem. 535;
II.

Poetic

571: fut. Qijio, Soph. Aj. 775; aor. eggrf^a, Herod, 1, 85: perf. pass, agg-qyiiai very rare, Odys. 8, 137: 2 aor. pass. aor. pass, iggrjx&j^v rare, Hippocr. 2 perf. eggaya as iggdyr^v, Soph. Antig. 476 passive, to be broken, torn, Soph. Tyr. 1 280 ;
break,
18,
:

Arist. Plut.
tive, fut.
firjv,

546.
8,

Mid.
II.

gj^yvvfiat usually transi-

gijlofzat,

12, 257.

224:

aor.

%>|a-

Herod.

99.

The original theme was fPArsi, connected with the Latin frango, English ivreck, rag, break^ German brechen. According to Trypho ( 11), Alcaeus used p^TjJt? for
gjyico

(^PIFSl),
5,

to

shudder, fear,
giyrjaco, II.

Poetic,
:

Pind^
iggt-

Nem.
yriaa.

92:

fut.

5,

351

aor.

Soph. Col. 1607: 2 perf. agglyoL as presII. 3, 353 2 pluperf. iggiyeiv ent, Odys. 5, 52 as imperfect, Odys. 23, 216. eg^l/ovti, part. dat. sing, from a new present, Hes. Scut.
; :

Connected with Qiyow, cpQiaaw, and the Latin frigeo, 228. may suppose that frigus, rigeo, rigor, Enalish fright. the original theme was ^Pirsi.

We

gtyoco, to shiver ivith cold, infin.

giyovv, part. gen.

2,

plur. giyovvTcov,
:

4 fut. giycoacj, yaaa, Arist. Plut. 846.

Xen. Cyr. Xen. Mem.

5, 1,
1
,

10; Hel. 4, 5, 17: aor. iggt-

QiyM, subj. 3 sing, for Qiyol (giyorj), Plat. Gorg. 155 opt. 3 sing. Qiy<ar) for Qiyol^ as if from -aw, Hippocr. infin. QiyMv for giyovv, Arist. Vesp. 446: part. fem. qiywaa for Qiyovaa, Simonid. 230, 26 (Gaisford's edition).
:

QLTtrcs
4,

and gLTtiico (PI02), to throw, 188; Xen. Anab. 4, 8, 3: fut.

cast,

Herod.

giipa, Eurip.


gaw

231

Here. 562: aor. s^gixpa, rare and Poetic egiyja, Soph. Tyr. 719 ; Find. Pyth. 6, 37 ; Horn. Hym. perf. pass. perf. sggicpa, Lysias, 349 2, 79
: :

eggiH^ai, Arist.

Thesm. 829
:

aor. pass, iggicpdriv.

(^),

Soph. Aj. 830 2 aor. pass, iggccpr^v igicpriv, ^schin. 319 ; Anthol. 12, 234.
Qtmccaxov,
goiUco,
noise,
to
imperf,
iterative,

later

Epic,

II.

15, 23.

qs-

Qtcp&ai, perf. pass,

infin. for igqlcpdai^ Pirid. frag.

281.

whiz, whirl
iggoi^riaa.

rapidly

aor.

with a whizzing Soph. Trach. 568 plu:

perf. pass.
*

3 sing,

iggoc^r^xo, Anthol. 11, 106.

as if

Qoi^aaxs, imperf. iterative, 835 it is written also qoI^soxe.

;

from -da, Hes. Theog.

'POSl, see gcivvvfiL. 'FTJ2, see gio, to flow,

gvo^ai,
to

defend, rescue,
aor.
II.

fut.

Theog. 662:
but
perf.

iggvadfir^v,

gvao^ai (y), Hes. Soph. Aj. 1276;

:

gifodfiriv,

15, 29.

Qva&ait
3
sing.

infin. as if

from 'PTMT, Epic, U. 15, 141

im-

sQQvro as aorist. Poetic, Soph. Tyr. 1352; 3 plur. QvaTo (qvvto), with the usual meaning of the imperfect. Epic, II. 18, 515; Odys. 17, 201. See also i^voj, HQVbj. QvaxEv, imperf. iterative, 2 sing, contracted from

Qvanfo, Epic,

II.

24, 730.

gvTtatvo, to

make

dirty, fut. gvjtdvS, Isoc.

gvTtdco, to be dirty, Arist.

Lys. 279

245. Av. 1282.

part.

(5 V 71 0), protracted from Qvnci), Epic, Odys. 23, 115; Qvnowv protracted, Odys. 6, 87.

'PTJl, to flow, see geo, ^PSirl, see grj/wixt (sggaya), gcovvvfxL and gavvvco (POJl), to strengthen. Plat. Loc. 11: aor. sggoaa, Dem. 141: perf. pass. eggofiat as present, to be strong, Dem. 601: pluperf. pass, iggcoix-qv as imperfect, Thuc. 2, 8 aor. pass, iggao&r^v, Xen. Ages. 1, 27.
sQ^wao, farewell, Latin vale, perf. pass, imperat. 2 Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 33; 2 plur. 'igQwa^s, Hippocr. igQOJo&ai, Dem. 419.
:

sing.,
infin.

232

(SOLig

aaigo (ZJtPJl), 2 tig. 409.

sweeps aor. sarfga^ Soph. Anosar^ga as present, to grin, snarl, chiefly in the part, (jsar^gas^ Doric aead-

to

perf.

gas, Athen.
5, 116.

13,

23;

Arist.

Vesp. 901; Theoc.

for

asatigvla, 2 perf. part.

Scut. 268.
It

fem.

asar^gvla,

Epic, Hes.

verro, serpo,

may be connected with avQ(o, Romaic a^aQvU^oa.

sq^m,

I'qtko,

Latin erro,

aalTtilco

{ZAAIlirrSl),

to

sound a trumpet,

aor.

iadlTiiy^a, later laaXuKSa, Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 17 N. T. Rev. 8, 7 : perf. pass. ozadXniayiai later.
caoco (adco)
,

to save, preserve. Epic, Call. Del.

22

iadaaa, iaaco&riv, II. 1, 83; 8, 500 ; Odys. 3, 185 fut. mid. aacoao^ai reflexSee also <yac?, coco, a6^co, ive, Odys. 21, 309.
fut. GtaaaG), aor.

and
230.

adco.

2 sing, for adov (auoi), Epic, Odys. 13, and iadoj, imperf. 3 sing, for aov and cWou The contracted (ffaso, iadeo), Epic, II. 21, 238; 16, 363. forms of adov, iadov would be aw, eaco, which by protraction become aaw, iadw, instead of aoa, iooca compare vaisidcaaa from vaieiuoi. The same remark applies also to the imperaad(o,

imperat.
CO

aa

'

tive

a(X(o.

ado, to save, preserve, only 3 plur. adovai, Tyrt. 2, 13 ; opt. 3 sing, adoi, Theogn. 866. The original theme was probably aapw. Compare the
Latin sulvus, salveo, English save, safe. wash.
add), to sift,

See

also Xd(o,

to

3
:

plur.
otj&co,

commonly

aaat ((ydovdi), Herod. 1, 200 ; aor. sarfda, Hippocr. de Vet.

Medic. ^ 8 perf. pass, asarffiat and (^iaria^iat, Hippocr. Not to be confounded with the preceding.
Probably connected with the English
sieve, sift.

divco

233

a^hvviii and a^svvva {2BESI), to extinguish^ Find. Pyth. 1, 18: fut. a^saco (aa), Arist. Lys. 375 ; Herod. 8, 77 aor. aa^eaa, Xen. Anab. 6, perf. sojBrixa as middle, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 3, 25
: :

13; -^sch. Agam. 888: perf. pass, sajisafiat, Parmenid. 13: aor. pass, ia^iad-riv, Xen. Hel. 2 aor. k'a^i^v as middle, ajSrjvai, azro5, 3, 8 el3sts, Doric eo^dv, U. 9, 471; Herod. 4, 5; Mid. a^hvv^ai and o^evvvofxac, Theoc. 4, 39.
:

extinguish one^s self, go out, be extinguished, die out, Hes. Op. 588 : fut. o^TJao^ai, Plat. Leg.
to
7,

12.

CE^daaaxo, to forbear out of respect, a defective aor. mid. 3 sing. Epic, II. 167. 417. as^L^dj and cse^i'Co^aL, for ai^co, ae^o^ai. Poetic,
aor. ioi^iaa, aor. pass. ias^La&riv as active, Soph. Antig. 943 Col. 636.
;

asj3co

and

ai^oixat,

to
frag.

revere, icorship,

aor. pass.
<^(p&eiaa,

iaiq)&7^v,

Soph.

175

part. fem.

moved with
sasLOa,

reverence, Plat. Phaedr. 76.

asLo, to shake, fut. aeido, Eurip.

Orest.

613:

aor.

aheixa, Athen. 11, 63: perf. pass, aiasicifiat, Pind. Pyth. 8, 134: aor. pass, iaeio^j^v, Soph. Antig. 584 aor. mid.
4,

Thuc.

52:

perf.

iasLadfiriv

reflexive

or

transitive,

II.

8,

199;
1,

Theoc. 13, 13.

iaosiovTo,
2ETSI
Poetic,

avaaaslaaxs,

imperf. iterative, Epic, Horn.

11.

Hym.

403.

imperf. pass. 3 plur. Epic,

20, 59.

and 2TII,
aor.

to move, impel, eaasva and aeva, II.

urge,
5,

drive.

208; 20,

189

aor. pass, lavd^riv

and

laavd'riv as middle,

Eurip. Hel. 1302; Soph. Aj.

294;

Col.

1724:

he is gone, dead, Xen. Hel. 1, 1, 23. Mid. aevo^ai, to hasten after, run, pursue, II. 3, 26 ; 2, 808 perf. eaavaat as present, 11. 6, 361 ; Pind. Isth.

aor. pass. aTt-eaaova,

Laconian

for idctvtf,

20*

234
8,

crid^fo

133;

part, iaavfisvo?,
7,

liriv, II.
fjLrjv,

208

17,
II.

447.

See

'vo, 'VTo,

II. 11, 554: aor. asva463 ; 20, 148 2 aor. iaav16, 585; 14, 519; Odys. 9,
:

also aovfiac.

OBVTai, pres. mid. 3 sing, for oEvsTm, as if from ZETMI, Soph. Trach. 645: pres. part, avy^^vog, as from HTMI, Eum. 1005 others refer it to the per-^Esch. Agam. 476
fect eaavfiai.

11.

17, 463, ots

aivaito

is

also edited ot'

iaatvaixo.
Its original form was perhaps S^ETSl. We may further suppose that the Homeric expression ots atvano was ois

FvatTO.
sift,
:

arj&a, see ado, to

c-qi.iaLvco, to

mark, regular Herod. 2, 39 ; Boeckh.

perf. pass,

aeat^^aa^ai,
corrupt,
fut.

Inscript. 154.
transitive,

67(71(0

(Uu^nSl),

to

rot,

ajjipc),

iEsch. frag. 255: 2 perf. aearina as pasII.

Xen. Anab. 4, 5, Eq. 1308. otvo^ai, Ionic aivEoixai, to injure, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 15; Herod. 9, 13. 73; 5," 74; later alvco, Pasive,

to be rotten,

2,

135

12

aor. pass, iadnrfv, Arist.

laeph.

1,
:

29,

6:

perf.

aiaiixixaL rare,

Hip-

pocr.
aicoTtdco,

aor. mid. iatvdfxr^v rare,

Herod.

8,

31
;

to keep

silence,

fut.
;

aLOTiTJao^ai, jEschin.

737

commonly Soph. Tyr. 233 &c.

aiconrjacj,

regular.

1,88: Olym.

afacondfxai, perf pass. Doric for asaiconrjfiai, Pind. Isth. fut. mid. awndaouai, edited also aiydaouai, Pind.
13, 130.

see ZKEAAil, axsSdvvvfxL and axedavvva (2JKEJAI2), to scatter, Dem. 1257 : fut. axsddaco (d), axeSa, -as, Theogn.

I:KAASI,

879

JEsch. Prom. 25

aor. ioxiSdaa, perf. pass.

idxsdaafxat,
kaxeBdad-riv,

Thuc. Thuc.

1,

54

3, 98.

See
pres,

2,

25

aor.

pass.

also xeddvwixt,

xidvrifiL, axtdvriiii,

axsddvvvaLf d laaxsddvvvai,

act.

subj.

sing.,

: ; : :

(jxoTt
Plat. Phaedo, 60.
It is contracted

235

old ending -oi, like i-^iXriai)

from axsdavvr^ai (with the the analogical form would be axsddvvvtoci, d Locaxsddvvvjai, axedccrviai like nlfinQriOi. contracted from pres. pass. subj. 3 sing., Plat. Phaedo, 58 aycsdrxvvvrjTtti, like dvvriim from dvvdfjiai, or rather dvvsrjtai.

from nriywfii. have already attempted to connect English scatter^ spatter.

also m^yvvro

See

We

this

verb with

;^w,

ZKEAAIl {ZKAAD., ZKAASl),

aor.

to

dry up,
:

saxriXa Epic,

II.

23, 191

perf. eaxXjjxa as

middle, to he dried up, Athen. 2, 57 2 perf. part, iaxlrids, -Tog, as middle, Apol. 2, 53 2 aor. saxXriv, oxXai^v, axkrjvat, as middle, Arist. Mid. axiXVesp. 160; see also Rem. 72. Xofiat, to wither, intransitive, jEsch. Prom. 481

fut.

ctxskovfiai,

later

(jxkTJdofxat,

Hesychius
active,

Anthol. 11, 37.

dnoaxXalf}, 2
dno^TjQOtlvoi,

The

rest

comes from the

sdxXrixa, iaxkr^cos, eaxlr^v.

aor. opt.

sing., in

Hesychius, explained

dnoddvot.

axsTtTOfiai, see axoitico, axlBvri^L, for axsddvvvfii, Poetic,

aor. pass, iaxtdvoiadriv,
II.

Hes. Theog. 875 Hippocr. Mid. axtdva-

fiai, 11, 308. UKAASI, see IJKEAASl.

axoTtico or dxoTiovfxai,

sometimes aximo^ai,
17,

to vieic,

consider,

II.

16,
3, 6,

361;
12
:

652:

fut.

axiyjofxai,

Xen. Mem.
7,

perf. pass,

saxs^fxai tran3, 6,

sitively or passively,

Xen. Mem.

62
:

aor. pass, iaxecpdriv rare,

13 ; Thuc. Hippocr. de Art.

aor. mid. iaxsipdfu^v, Xen. Anab. 7, 3,37: ^ 19 3 fut. pass. iaxsyjofiaL passively, Plat. Rep. 3, 6. Verbal axsmios, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 17. The present anfmofiai was probably never used by the
classical Attic writers.
It will be observed that the elements of oKinio^ai (root axsn-) are the same as those of the Latin specio (spec-). Further, the root oxsti- may possibly be connected with

OnJl,

to see.

236
a[zdco, '-^g,

aiiao
to

smear, anoint, rub on, Arist. Thesm. 389: aor. Eaiirida, Athen. 7, 124. It borrows the aor. pass. ia^rixOriv from the regular (jfirj^co, Mid. Ofidowhich in the present is not Attic.

fiat,

-drai, Herod. 9, 110

aor. ic^fxT^adfiriv,
Call.

Doric

iafidadfiriv,

Herod.

4,

73

Min. 32.

aoofxai contracted aovfiai, equivalent to asvofiai the

aovxai, aovoOs, aovvrai, middle of 2JETS2 jEsch. Pers. 25 imperat. Arist. Vesp. 458 ; aov, aovddG), aovads, Arist. Vesp. 209 ; JEsch.

Sept. 31. doa, for 00)^0, to save, subj. doj^s,

oojf,

aoaai,

II.

9,

As to gocool, it may be referred 681. 424. 393. to ado, and formed by contraction and protraction.
cntdco, to

draw, pull,

fut.

aor. eandaa, Arist.

Thesm. 928:

andaco (a), Soph. Aj. 769 perf. aaitdxa,

perf pass, sajtadfiat, Xen. Anab. 1, Mid. 9: aor. pass. ioTtdadrfv, Herod. 6, 134. ajidofxat transitive, andaouaL, sanaaiiaL, Arist. Ran. 564. 477 ; Xen. Anab. 7, 4, 16. CTiELv, aneadai, see eno).
5,

Dem. 442:

ansigco
aor.

fut. ajtsga, Eurip. Elec. 79 Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 13: perf. pass. sanagfxai, Arist. Ran. 1206: 2 aor. pass. idTtd14G8: aor. mid. iamigdfxriv gr^v, Soph. Tyr.
:

(ZUEPSI),
sdTtscga,

transitive,

Apol. 3, 1028.
:

anivdco, to offer

a libation to the gods, fut. (jneiaa), Herod. 2, 151 aor. laueiaa, Xen. Anab. 4, 3, 13: perf. sansLxa later: perf. pass. eansLafiai, Thuc. 4, 16; 3, 111 aor. pass. iaTtstadr^v, AnMid. anivdofiai, to conclude a treathol. 7, 27.

ty, dTCslaoiiai, edTteiafiaL,

eaTCuadfiriv,

Dem. 392

Eurip.

Med. 1140;

Arist.

Ach. 292.
down, make
coin-

IlTAi2, see laTtifu. ajsi^G} {2TIBSI), to

tread, press

CTsg
pact, aor.
GTBixco

237
:

soTstxpa,
if

iaxl^ijixai as

from

Soph. Col. 467 perf. pass. ZTIBE^, Soph. Aj. 874.

eaisL^a,

(2JTIXS1), to go, Poetic and Ionic, aor. Odys. 4, 277: 2 aor. eaxixov, II. 16,

258.
aiiXXco

(^2TEA1),
fut. oxeXeco,
:

to send, array,

rig or fit out,

:

equip,

Phil. 623 aor. saxaXxa in composition, Xen. Hel. 1, 5, 3 perf. Herod. 4, pass. saxaX^ai, Soph. Trach. 776 189 aor. pass. iaxdXdriv, Boeckh. Inscript. 3053, 4 2 aor. ioxdXrfv usually as middle, Pind. Olym. Mid. axikXofxat, to 13, 69; Arist. Vesp. 487. go, set out, eaxaXfiat, iaxstXdfirfv, Xen. Anab. 5, 6, 5; 3, 2, 7; Eurip. Bac. 821.
:

axeXS, Odys. 2, 287 ; Soph. perf. eaxstla, Thuc. 7, 20

iaxaXadaio, pluperf. mid. 3 plur. Ionic for ioTixXaxo, Herod. 7, 89; lies. Scut. 288; as if from 2TAAAASI. an-ioTaXitav, perf. 3 plur. for ansaTockxaai, Boeckh. Inscript. 3047, 2. Compare eogyav from EPrSL.

(axha), to sigh, groan, fut. arsvd^co, Eurip. Taur. 656 aor. iaxsva^a, Dem. 690. axsyd^o and axevd/ofxat, Poetic for aravd^co, ^sch. Prom. 99; II. 19, 132; 4, 154. axeva^L^G), see axova^^i^a, axevo), to sigh, Poetic, ^Esch. Prom. 399. axsgio and cxBglaycco {2JTEPS2), to deprive. Soph.
(Sxevd^co
:

aor. fut. axegrjcio), Thuc. 4, 64 Epic iaxigsaa, Xen. Hel. 1, 4, 14; Odys. 13, 262: perf. ioxsgr^za, iaxigr^fxai, Xen. Anab. 6, 6, 23 Cyr. 5, 5, 23 aor. pass, iaxsgrjd'riv. Soph. Antig. 13: 2 aor. pass. part, axsgsis rare and Poetic, Eurip. Hel. 95 ; Taur. 474 fut. mid. axsg-qaoiioLL as passive. Soph. Antig. 890. Mid. axsgiofxai, commonly cixsgiaxofiat, Xen. Cyr. 7, 5, 63 ; also axigo[^ai expressing a state or situation, but not continued action, to be in want

Col.

376

i(txig7fcia,

238
of,

(TTfv

to

out,

Xen. Conv.

want, he or have been deprived of, go with4, 31 ; Anab. 3, 2, 2.

gisa&s),

fut. mid. 2 plur. (contracted from oteAndoc. 74. Etymologically connected with the Latin adjective sterilis.

ocTcoaTSQsla&s,

dTBVTai, he pledges himself, affirms, threatens, strives, wishes. Epic, II. 3, 83 ; 3 plur. axevvTat, ^sch.

Pers. 49
atTJxa

imperf. 3 sing. aTsvio,

16, 13.

II.

2,

597.

(iair^fxt,

eoTrixa), to stand, later,

I,

N. T. Rom.

14, 4; Corinth.

2:TIBSI, see axH^co,

GTOvaxit(o,

diovaxitofiai,

and

dTva;([^ofiai,
;

Epic
II.

for dTsvd^G),

Hes. Scut. 344; Theog. 159

2,

781. 784. axoghvif^L and arogvvfxL (2JTOPJI), to spread, strew, lay out, fut. aTogicio, axogS, Theoc. 6, 33 Arist. Eq. 481; Athen. 12, 78: aor. iaTogeaa, Thuc. 6, 18: aor. pass. iaiogicyOrfv, Hippocr. -^ Mid. axogevvviiaL and axogvvfiat transitively,

Theoc. 23, 33
1

03.

See

aor. idxagsad^riv, Arist. Eccl.

also axg6vvv[ii.

GTOQVv, pres. imperat. 2 sing, for gtoqw&l, Arist. Pac. 844. Etymologically connected with the Latin sternOf English
strew.

axgB(pco,

to

turn,

twist,

fut.

axgsyjo),

Eurip. Hip.
3,

1176:

aor. eaxgexpa,
3,

saxgocpa, Athen.

Xen. Anab. 4, 63 perf. pass.

: :

26:

perf.

axgaf,i[^iai,

Xen. Anab.

4, 7, 15

aor. pass. kaxgitpOriv rather

II. 16, 308; Arist. 130; Theoc. 7, 132: Mid. axgiAj. 1117. q)Ofxai, to turn one^s self, turn one^s self back as if to flee, axgiyjofiat, Xen. 6, 3, 27; II. 6, 516. The aorist is borrowed from the passive. axgavvvfii and axgovvvco (IJTOPJl, 2JTPOS1),

Poetic, rarely eaxgdcpdriv Ionic,

Thesm. 1128; Herod. 2 aor. iaxgdcprjv. Soph.

1,

acpai
'

239
29:
aor.

Athen. 2,31:

fut.

azgaao), Athen. 2,
:

perf. pass, ecngco' aaigcoda, ^sch. Agam. 921 Med. 380 Herod. 8, 53 aor. mid. fiai, Eurip. See also ioTQoadfjir^v transitively, Theoc. 21,7.
;

dTogivvvfii,

axQmvvv,
2,29.

pres.

imperat. 2 sing,

for

oTQawv^i, Athen.

cxvyea)

(UTTFSI),
later
4,

eajvyriaa,

to shudder at, dread, hate, aor Epic sarv^a, Soph. Col. 692

Apol.

rod. 2,

691

512: perf. iorvyrixa, aTteaTvyrixa, He 47 aor. pass. iaiv^^rjOr^v, iEsch. Sept 2 aor. eaxvyov, II. 17, 694 fut. mid. axvyii
: :

aofxat as passive,

Soph. Tyr. 672.

terri

Odys. 11, 502, gtv^ccl^l causatively, would render

hie,

dTvofiai (v), to be in a state of priapism, aor. sarv6a, perf. aoiTvxa, Arist. Av. 1256; Lys. 869. 598.

avvavxdco, see dvToico, avvsv7t7tov6Sg, see nda^o).

avvo^^coxcyg,

see

I^cj.

cvgiXco

and

avgixTco,

to

hiss, whistle,

pipe, fut. dvgt^ofxai, Lucian. Nigrin.

iavgi^a, later eavgiaa, Arist.

play on the ^ 10: aor. Plut. 689 ; Lucian.

Harmonid.
dvgco,
to

2.

draw, 2iOY, savga, iEsch. Prom. 1065: perf. oeavgxa (diaasavgrixa), Athen. 6, 51 perf. pass, aiavgiiat, dvaaeavg^ai, Theoph. Char. 6 2 aor. pass, iavgr^v, Anthol. 9, 56 aor. mid. iavgdfir^v, Theoph. Char. 11.
:
:

It

may be connected with

aalQco, lg^<a,

sgna, Latin

verj'o,

errOy serpo.

d(pdZo or ocpdxxo (2J0^ri2), to slay, kill, by cutting the throat, fut. acpd^co, Eurip. Here. 602 aor. B6(pa^a, Xen. Anab. 2, 2, 9 : perf. pass.
BCcpayiiaL,

Odys.

10,

532:

aor.

pass. iacpdxOriv

240
rare,

6cpaX

Herod.

5,

aorist passive,

5: 2 aor. pass. i(Scpdyriv the usual Xen. Anab. 4, 1, 23.

to

acpdkXo
ceive,

{20AAH),
fut.

cause

to fall, trip

up, de-

acpaX6, aor.

Soph. Trach. 621; perf. pass. acKpaXfxai, 2 aor. pass. iacpdXriv^ 1 45 Xen. Hel. 4, 1, 17; Anab. 7, 7, 42: fut. mid. dipaXoviioLi reflexive, Xen. Conv. 2, 26.
:

Doric ecKpdXa, Aj. 452; Find. Olym. 2,

sacpriXa

Etymologically connected with the Latin fallo, English

,

fall,
o;;ifao

fail

v^f<;

and Cj^afo, fo cw/ open, /^^ loose, Arist. Nub. 409 Xen. Hel. 5, 4, 58 fut. axdaa, in Hesychius aor. ed/oiaa and eaxdda, Eurip. Phoen. 454; Arist. Nub. 740; Call. frag. 104: aor. mid.
;
: :

iaxuadfiriv, to leave

off,

give up, abandon, Arist.

Nub. 107.
c>Xt^v,

d^idstv, see s^^,

acoco),

oa^co (aaoa,
aor.

to save, fut.
1
,

a&co,

saoda, Thuc.

74

perf.

(jiaaxa,

Dem. 622 Dem.

perf. pass., aiocodfiat, Xen. Anab. 7, 7, 56 ; sometimes aiacofiai, Plat. Critias, 4 aor. pass. Mid. (yS^ofxai usuiaoOtfv, Soph. Tyr. 1457. ally transitive, to save for one^s self, fut. aSaofiat

25

reflexive,

146.

See
fut. for

Dem. 355
also

aor. icKoadfir^v, Eurip. Ale.

aaoo, odo, aoa, aaa,

a (a (a,

h, 7), after

awaw, in an ancient inscription (Boeckh. 70, the analogy of iqvm, lavvia.

;

ado, another form of aa^w, Odys. 9, 430 Pass, aaoiiai, Apol. 2, 612. 363.

II.

8,

T.

TAFLl

and TASl, to take, Epic, imperat. 2 sing. T^ (contracted from zots like ^t/ from ld{), take thou, there, Odys. 9, 347; II. 14, 219 2 aor. part. TTa;/v, II. 1, 591 ; 15, 23.
:

xa(m
This verb
taga.
is

241

connected with the English take, Swedish

Those who
its

admit

class it with the Latin tango, virtually connection with ^lyydvia, English touch.

T^AASl and TAASl^ to bear,

venture,
.

suffer, endure, dare,

Poetic,

fut.
II.

jX^Go^ai, Soph. Aj. 463

17,
perf.

aor.

hdlaaa
II.

TSTXrfxa,

TexXaOi,

166; 13, 829: perf. jhlaa, TSTlairfv, TBxXdvai, TfxPvT^wg, see Rem. 68
{ao),
1,

228: 2

2
II.

aor.

18,

433

hXriv, xX6, TXalriv, rk^Oi, xh'jvai, jXas, see also Rem. 72. ;
toil.

Etymologically connected with the English

ToifjLvo, see te^vco,

TavvG) (tslvco), short v, to stretch, Epic, II. 17, 390; Ionic ^Iso javvvc)' fut. lavvaco {v), Epic xavvco,

hdvvaa (aa), Odys. 21, 97. 174. 409; II. 336: perf. pass, xsidwafxat, Odys. 9, 116; 11, .11. 10, 156: aor. pass, havvadr^v as middle, 3 fut. xsxavvaaofxat later, Hes. Theog. 177
aor.

Orph. Lith. 319.

Mid.

flexive, Tavvaofiat (aa). Archil, frag.

xavvofxai usually re4 : aor. ixa-

vvad^-qv (aa) reflexive or transitive, 298: II. 4, 112.

TDcvviai, pres. pass. 3 sing, as from

Odys.

9,

xdcK^co or

xdxxo

TAFSI),
8, 3,

to
:

TANTMI, II. 17, arrange, order,

:

393.
fut.

Ta^co,

Xen. Cyr.

aor.

ha^a, Thuc.

4,

xixa^a, Dem. 888 perf. pass. zfTotaor. pass. ixdxOriv, Xen. 2^fiai, Msch, Sept. 448 Ages. 2, 17: 3 fut. pass, xaxd^o^ai, Arist. Av. 637 2 aor. pass. Ixdyriv very rare, Eurip. frag, incert. 142 (Variorum, Glasgow, 1821). Mid. Tdaaofiat or xdxxo fiat reflexive or transitive, Xen. Anab. 1, 8, 14: aor. txa^d^r^v, Thuc. 2, 83. The compound iTttxdaaofiaL has fut. imxd^ofiaL as passive, Eurip. Sup.. 521.

32

perf.

TETaxaTUL, perf. mid. 3 plur. Ionic, but common with Attic writers (Xen. Anab. 4, 8, 5). The same is true of
21

; : ;

242

Tua

the following, ijETaxaio, form, Thuc. 4, 31.

pluperf.

mid.

plur.

Ionic

TASl, see TAFSl.

ridrfTia, see
TBivco

OAfPSl,

to be astonished, to stretch, extend, fut.

(TENS2, TAS2),
Thesm. 1205:
:

tsvS,

hstva, Soph. Antig. 716 perf. Tsxaxa in composition, Plat. Gorg. 47 perf. pass, xha^ai, aor. pass. hdOffv, Soph. Phil. 831 ; Antig. 124. Verbal Tajios, Plat. Epist. "'\;':>./^ 7,340,19.
Arist.
aor.

.w'

Etymologicallv connected with the Latin ienao.

Tsigco

>

(TEPSl)y

to rub,

afflict,

fut.

Tsgdco,

Theoc.

22, 63.

^
see rtxro. pay,
fut.

TEKSl,

xeXsco, to finish,

jslsao)

{(^o),

xeXso, rslco,

Pind. Nem. 4, 70; II. 23, 559; 8, 415; Soph. Tyr. 232: aor. hiXsaa (aa), Xen. Mem. 2, 9, 1 Apol. 4: perf. II. 1, 108: perf. Tsiilsxa, Plat. Ale. 132: aor. pass. pass. TBxiXsa^ai, Eurip. irsXsadr^v, Thuc. 1, 93 : fut. mid. Tsliofxai, jekovVerbal tsIbotbos, liai, Odys. 1, 201 ; 23, 284. ETtLTeXecfTEos, Isoc. 240. teXXco (TEASl), to perform, produce, raise, comaor. sTEiXa, Pind. Olym. plete. Soph. Phil. 1138 Also intransitively, to spring up, rise, as 2, 126. the sun, Soph. Elec. 699 ; Herod. 4, 40 ; iEsch. Agam. 27. Mid. TEXlo^xai, to be, exist, Pind. It occurs chiefly Olym. 1, 122; Pyth. 4, 457. in composition. commonly ivTEXXo^ai, to enjoin, ,ji^ ^EvteXXcs commission, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 46 ; Soph. frag. 252 Antig. 218 {euevteXXg)) : perf. ivThal^iai always
:

passive,
7, 73.

Herod. 1, 60: aor. ivETSi^dfirfv, rarely EVETEiXa, Xen. Anab. 5, 1, 13 Pind. Olym.
;

^J<^

TSQTt

243
II.

^ETtitsXXo, to enjoin,

command,

9,

369

aor.

BTthsLla^
11.

II.

5,

818:

Odys. 11, 624.

2,

Mid.
2,

pluperf. pass. eTteTSzdXfxr^v,

iniTelXoiiaL as active,

Odys. 1, 327. Also, a celestial body, Hes. Op. 381. 565. Ts^vco {TEMSl, T^MS2), Epic and Ionic Ta>v,

802

aor. iTtszBikdfxi^v,

to

rise^ as

II.

3,

105

Herod.
;

39

fut.

pocr. Jusjiir. ^ 2

Plat. Cratyl.

Te^ia^ rsfiS, Hip9 perf. xiifxrixa

:

in composition, iEschin.

555

perf. pass, jizfjirfixai,

Soph. Elec. 901: aor. pass. hfxrjdrfVyThuc, 1, 143: 3 fut. pass. TSTfiijaofxai, Plat. Rep. 8, 14: 2 aor. hsfxov, rarely ha^ov, Eurip. Hel. 231 ; Thuc. 1, 81 ; 2, 55: 2 aor. mid. hs^oixriv, rarely ixafiofir^v, Xen. Hel. 3, 1, 7; Herod. 5, 82:

2
.

perf. part, xsjfxrjcos as passive, later Epic,

ApoL
9.

4,

156.

Verbal

tfXTfiios,

Plat.
in

Sophist.

Mid.

Toifxvofxac

transitively

imperfect, Herod. 4,
also TfXTJya.
Tsfist,

70

present and Odys. 5, 243. See

the

pres.

sing,

written also rs^si,

II.

13, 707.

iisTfiETo,

aor. mid., like ixixXeio,

hsfivsTO.

mann
pass.

edits
subj.

liifxrja&ov,
Rep.
p.

Orph. Arg. 366; Herixjixfjiriad^ov,

3 dual,

Plat.

564, b (Steph.).

Eurip.

perf.

Troad. 480,

ir^ri&r,v as middle.

TQ7ta), to delight,

amuse, xegxpo, hsgxpa, Thuc. 2, Soph. Col. 1281 aor. pass. higfOr^v, Epic iidgfpdr^v, as middle, Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 24 ; Odys. 2 aor. pass, hdgnriv as middle, Epic, 6, 99 Odys. 23, 300. 346. Mid. jegno^ai, to feel
41
;
: :

delight,

enjoy

one^s

self,

be

sated,

xigipofiai,

ixgyjd[ir^v,

Soph. Antig. 691; Odys. 12, 188;

16,
II.

26

aor. ixagTtoixijv

and xexagnoiiriv Epic,

plur. Epic for xaqniafisvy Odys. 8, 292 in the exHesychius explains it t^;

24, 636.

513; 23,
;

10.
1
;

TQansiofifv, 2 aor. subj. 441 14, 314 pression jqando^tv svvt}&svTs.

TfXQuafiEv, II. 3,

: :

244

Tsgd

make dry, aor. hsgariMid. rsgaaivo^aL, Apol. 4, va, II. 16, 529. 1405. See also the following. to become dry, be drying, Epic and Ionic Tsgaoixai, aor. hsgaa later Epic, to dry, Nic. Ther. 96. 693 :
Tsg(faLVG) (tigbofiai), to dry,

2
6,

aor.

pass,
II.

infin.

jegOTJfxevai,

jegarjvai,

Odys.

98;
may

16,

519:

aor. mid.

iTsgadixr^v later

Epic, Nic. Ther. 709.

It

possibly be connected with the

Saxon drig, Eng-

lish dri/,

tSTfxov or eTSTfxov

(TEMS2),

to find,
;

a defective

2 aor. act. Epic, II. 6, 374 ; 4, 293 subj. Thfics, Odys. 15, 15 opt. TST{j.oLfxi, Theoc. 25, 61. Tsrgaivo {TPASl), to perforate, bore, fut. rsrgavia^ rsjgavS, Herod. 3, 12 aor. hkxgriva, Odys.
;
:

5,

247

aor. pass. hsTgdvOr^v, Anthol. 6, 296

mid. heigfivafir^v transitive, Arist. Thesm. The rest is borrowed from TCTgda, 18. TsrgTfxoi, see dgdaaco, TSTvxsLv, TSTvxdixrfv, see Tcrvaxoixai. TETXEIl (TftJ/og), perf. mid. infin. Tsrsv^ijoOai, to arm one^s self. Epic, Odys. 22, 104. TEYXS2, to happen, see jvy^^dvco, rev^co (TTXJ2), to prepare, make, rsv^a, hsv^a,
aor.

240; Odys. 1, 244: perf. tst^v/ol as pasOdys. 12, 423 perf. pass. jsTv^fxai, JEsch. Agam. 751 aor. pass. hvxOriv, Ionic hevxO^v,
II.

14,

sive,

lies.

Scut.

366

Anthol.
II.

6,

207
II.

fut.

pass. TSTsv^oiiaL,

12, 345.

Mid.

Hippocr.
fut.

Tsv^ofiaL transitive

or

passive,

19,

208;

5,
1,

653:
The

aor.

221. 245.
equivalent to
13,

hiv^dp^riv transitive, Hom. Hym. See also tv^x^vo, rnvoxoixai.

srixO^riv

forms Thvyfiai,
slfil,

are found intransitive, nearly

II. II.

rvyxavM, tjvxov.

jsTsvxocTui, perf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic,

22:

pluperf.

plur.

Odys. 2, 63; iiETfvxato and TeievxciTo,


riOff

; ,

245

tstsvxoiiov or Tstevxsrov, former is rejected, because it belongs to jstevxoc which*cannot be used as imperfect. The latter comes from a new present, with -rov for -ttji',
imperf. 3 dual,
II.

11,807; Hes. Theog. 581.

13, 346.

The

like diojitsTov, XacpmasTov, for diojichriv, XucpvaasTrjv.

Compare
&^C.

also agrjQSv, ^({xasv, iniopvaov,

T3/,

ifiefiijitov,

from

aqixqla-nia,

see

T-qyco

melt, regular: aor. pass. iT7J%6riv 2 aor. pass, hdxr^v, Eurip. Sup. 1029 2 perf. Thr^xa as middle, to melt Eurip. Hel. 3 aivay, Arist. Plut. 1034; Soph. Elec. 1311;
rare,
: :

TAFSI. (T^KSI), to

Xen. Anab.
vos,

4, 5, 15.

TTfTaofiai, to be deprived. Poetic, TrjTdodai, ztiTafie-

Hes. Op. 406; Soph. Elec. 265; Col. 1200; Find. Nem. 10, 146. TIESl, to sadden, vex, 2 perf. part, isxirim as passive,
:

saddened, dejected, vexed,

afflicted,
II.

II.

9, 13.

30 perf. pass. jSTtri^ai, 437; Hes. Theog. 163.

tstlt^^svos,

8,

447.

TLdia (d'Eco), to put, place, imperat. xidsi (tlOss), Find. Pyth. 8, 14; Herod. 1, 133; Thuc. 6, 14: imperf. htdow (hideov), Arist. Nub. 59. 63 fut. mid. Tidyjaofxai, Hippocr.
:

TLdrifxL (j id SCO,

Ma),

to put, place, fut. d-i^aco.

Soph.

Aj.

573 aor. sdrfxa only in the indicative, iEsch. Prom. 444 perf. Tsdetxa, Eurip. Elec. 7: perf. pass. TsOeifiaL, Demad. 271 aor. pass.
:
:

heOriv,

Dem. 714:2

aor. aOriv, d^S, Mir^v,

;

Ms,

Mivat, Mtg, Eurip. Troad. 6 Soph. Col. 480 Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 19. Verbal Mzios, Xen. Mem. Mid. jids4, 2, 15; Hippocr. de Art. 15. [xai transitive, d'ljdo^at, TsOstfiat, Thuc. 1, 35; Dem. 530 aor. iOrfxafiriv not Attic, Herod. 1 26 ; Pind. Pyth. 4, 52 2 aor. idifxriv, d^S^iai,

MtfiTfv,

(Mao) Mo, d^ov, MaOai, Mf^svog, Dem. Odys. 10, 333; II. 4, 410; Soph. Tyr. 1007;
1448.

21*

; ; :

246

rixT

The singular s&rjxa, B&r)xag, t&rjxs, and the 3 plur. e&r}xav, with good writers, are much more common than the remainOn the othei*tiand, the singular of the 2 aor. ing persons. t&r]v is not used in the indicative, at least by good writers. Of the aorist middle only the indicative i&Tixdfiriv and the

participle d^rixdfxevog are found.

rid-rjfiEvaL and Ti&ifisv, infin. Epic for Tt^gVa^ II. 23, i^s'w 83; Find. Pyth. 1, 78: part. Tt^7?>j^o?, II. 10, 34. and^/w, 2 aor. subj. Epic, Odys. 24, 485; II. 16,83; 1 plur. S^elofisv for &wfisv, II. 23, 244: infin. ^ifxt-vav and &E^sv, for dBivm, II. 2, 285; Find. Olym. 2, 33. ^/oixai, 2 aor. mid. Epic for ^w^wt, II. 19, 17: opt. 3 sing. S-o7to in composition, gvv&oTto for awd^uxo, Xen. Anab. 1, 9, 7; Ionic ^iono, nQoa&soito, Herod. 1, 53; 7,237.

ixl&Ba,
Compare

imperf 1 sing. Ionic for iii&rjv, or rather m^(ov from TL^em, Herod. 3, 155; 3 plur. sti&saai, for irl&Eov, later, Villoison. Anecdot. Graec. vol. 2, p. 122.
tJicc,

^a, .

The
&sovai,

radical' d^sa
II.

occurs in the compound 3 plur. ngo-

1,

291.

TiXTo

{TEKS2), to bring forth, beget, fut. ri^o), Xen. commonly zs^oixat, Arist. Thesm. 509 Cyr. 7, 5, 23 aor. hs^a rare, Arist. Lys. 553
;
:

pass, irix^rfv Eurip. Dan. 44 2 aor. Hippocr. ; Boeckh. Inscript. 1907. bb hexov, Xen. Hel. 4, 4, 19 2 perf. Teioxa, Arist. Mid. TixiofiaL rare and Poetic, as Vesp. 651. active, ^S^sch. frag. 38: 2 fut. infin. TxsLa&at very rare, Horn. Hym. 3, 127: 2 aor. hsxoixriv Poetic, Hes. Theog. 308; Arist. Av. 1193. Ttj/o (tio), to pay, expiate, atone for, xioco (I), exicfOL, Soph. Aj. 113; II. 1, 42: perf. TBiixam. composition, Dem. 543. 1036: perf. pass, tbtlVer(jfiai, aor. pass, hlad^riv, Dem. 758. 836. bal TLcfTSog, oLTtoTiajBos, Xen. Rep. Lac. 9,5. Mid. Tivofiai and Ttvvvfiai or xivviiai, to avenge one^s self punish, II. 3, 279 ; Herod. 5, 77 Eurip. Orest. 323: fut. jidofiac, Odys. 14, 163: aor, hiadiiriv, Soph. Aj. 182.
perf.

pass.

Tsrs/fiat later

aor.

rare in the classical authors,

Ttratvo (rsLVo), to stretch, pull, draw. Epic, II. 2, 390: aor. (ixarfya) Tixjjvas, II. 13, 354. Mid. TLjaLvofiat transitive or reflexive, Odys. 21, 259 ; 11. 22, 23. Ttigdo {TPAIl), to perforate, bore, aor. hgrfda,

Dem. 977
aor.

perf. pass. Teigrffiai, Arist.

pass,

hgjjd'riv,

Plat.

Tim. 53.

See

Lys. 680:
also

TeTgaiva,
Etymological ly connected with the Latin terebra, terehro.

Tugaaxo {TOP SI, TPO2), to wound, fut. Tgcoaco, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 15: aor. hgaaa, Xen. Anab. 4,
3,

33

perf. pass,

aor. pass. iTgco&ijv,

rgdaofxai as
in

85 Xen. Cyr. 4, 1, 4: fat. mid. passive, II. 12, 66: 2 aor. jhogev,
zhgcofiat, Pind. Pyth. 3,

Hesychius, explained hgcsaev.

Tvtvoyco^ai (zsvxo, TTXSl)^ to prepare, arrange, take aim at, deliberate, Epic, imperf. xixvayco^riv, 41 ; 13, 23. 558: 2 aor. {xexvII. 21, 342; 8,
Tcov)

xExvxstv,
II.

The
smooth

xsxvxoixriv,

Odys. 15, 77. 94: 2 aor. mid. 1, 467; Odys. 12, 283; 21, 428.
is

active xixvaxo
;

very rare, Simonid. 18

(Gaisford's)

Arat. Phaenom. 418.

i^

The rough mute x

X.

changed
(root

into

its

corresponding

Compare
from
;fa^(w.

didaaao)

didax-),

and

jtsxadov,

tcsxadoixr^v

XLG),

to honor,

fut.

ittfo (i),

II.

9,

142:

aor. hlt^a,

Soph. Antig. 22 ; Hes. Theog. 415. Theog. 428.

Mid.

perf. pass,

xixlfxat,

xsxlfiivos,

xloiioll

as active, Hes.

TAASl,

TMASl,
II.

see TAAASl. see xe^vco.

xfi^ycj (xifxvco, xixfii^xa), also Xfjirj<foo,to cut, Epic,

fut. t^7/|, Apol. 4, 16, 390; Mosch. 2, 81 1120: aor. i'T|a??|a, II. 11, 146; Theoc. 8, 24: 2 aor. hfxa^ov, Odys. 7, 276 : 2 aor. pass. ix(jid:

248

Toge

yriv, later h^riyriv, II. 7,

302; Apol.
Horn.
2,
II.

4,

1052:

aor. mid. hfirf^afxr^v transitive, Anthol. 7, 480.

Togio
fut.
11.

(TOP II),
337
:

to pierce,

Hym.
2iOr.

2,

283

Tog^aOf Horn.

Hym.

178:

hogr^ota,

5,

aor. I'to^ov,

11, 236.

Arist. Pac. 381, fut, TSTogrjaco, shall speak with a piercFor tstoqsv, he wounded, see tit^woxco. ing voice.

Toaaai (Tvy/dvo), a defective aor. infin., synonymous with tv^bIv, and found only in the com-

pounds insToaae,
It
is

part.
4,

iTtLJodaacg

(JEolic

for

imxoaaas), Find. Pyth.

TTXfi, TETXSl.

43

10, 52.

probably a modification of Tulwt or jsv^ai, from

TP^rS2, see rgdyo, rgansLOfxev, see Tsgno,

another form of rgiTZco^ Epic, Scut. 301, irgdjisov, trod, equivalent to iTtdieov, Tgdcpco, see Tgicpco, TPASl, see rtrgda,
TgaTieco,

Hes.

II.

10, 421. as grapes,

Tgifico (Tgea), to tremble^

imperf.

hgsfxor, the rest

may be borrowed
It is

from the simple jgio.

the

same
is

simple

TQ8'(o

as the Latin tremo, English tremble. connected with the Latin causative

The
terreo,

and the adjective trepidus.

t^Ittcj,

Ionic jgdncD, to

/i(rw,

Tgsipo),

Dem. 685
7,

aor.

Herod. 2, 92: fut. hgsxpa, Ionic hgaxpa,

Thuc.
Arist.

43;

Herod.
;

4,

202:

perf.

jEigocpa,

Nub. 858

rarely Tijgacpa,

Dem. 324

perf. pass,

jexga^^ai, Arist. Lys. 127: aor. pass. hgecpd-qv rare, Ionic ixgdcp&i^v, Xen. Hel. 3, 5, 20; Herod. 4, 12: 3 fut. pass. rsTgdiyof^iai, in

Hesychius 2 aor. hgauov Ionic and Poetic, II. 187 2 aor. pass, iigdnr^v usually as 5, middle, Soph. Aj. 743. Mid. rgsTtofjiai, Ionic jgdnofxac, to turn one's self, to flee, Herod. 4,
:


TQSx

249
Xen. Anab.

60

fut.

rgiyjo^ai, Ionic Tgdipofxat,

13; Herod. 3, 155: perf. rezgafi{jLat, Arist. Ach. 207 : 2 aor. hgaTio^i^v always reflexive, Thuc. 1, 50. The middle is also used transitively in the sense to turn, put to flight, in which case it has aor. ixgsyjdfxrfv generally transitive, Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 16; Hel. 5, 3, 2.
3, 5,

Odys.
reflexive.
II.

1,

422

18, 304, and Herod. 7, 105, hgeipafitiV

is

16, 657,

sitive.

and Hes. Theog. 58, 2 aor. etqutiov is intran* TETQcicparai, perf. mid. 3 plur. Ionic as to form.
7, 13.

Plat.

Rep.

TgE(pcd

sometimes Soph. Antig. 660: aor. ed^gsxpa, Dem. 1351: perf. Thgoq)a, Soph. Col. 186; also hgo(pa intransi live, Hippocr. perf. pass, xid^gafiixat, Xen. Cyn
to

(0FE0S2),

nourish, feed;
fut.

jgdcpo,

Find. Pyth. 2, 82:

^gitfjo,

2 aor? pass. eigd(priv, Xen. Cyr. : Verbal d^gsnrsos. Plat. Rep. 3, 13; Xen. Mag. Eq. 8, 8. Mid, rgifofiat reflexive,
2, 1, 15.

54 aor. Hec. 351 2 Odys. 3, 28

4, 5,
:

pass, id-gicp&i^v not

aor. exgacpov as passive,

common, Eurip, II. 5, 555

fut. d^giyjofiai,

tpdfiriv

Xen. Anab. 6, 5, 20 aor. id-gstransitive, Odys. 19, 368; Find. Olym.

:

6, 78.

The perf. ihgocpa is found intransitive, to have accumulated round, to adhere to, Odys. 23, 237. Find. Nem. 3, 93, tgdcps, if not an imperfect, must be transitive, synony-

mous with
quoted.

s&Qsipf.

Compare Hes.

frag.

86.

tQsqtoiVj

pres. opt. 1 sing, for jgiipoifii, in the

Etymologicum Magnum,
to run,

jgsxo
fut.

{OPEXSl,
d'gi^ofiai,

JPEMQ, JPAMSl),
:

^a^, Arist.
^co,

commonly (dgafiiofiai) dgafjioijNub. 1005; Vesp. 138; rarely dga-

Athen. 10, 10 aor. a&ge^a rare, Eurip. Aul. 1569: perf. dedgdfxtfxa in composition, Herod. perf. pass, dadgd^rniai, Xen. CEco. 15, 1 8, 55
:

250
2

T^fw
:

2 perf. aor. ldgap.ov^ Xen. Anab. 4, 5, 18 didgo^a Epic and in composition only, dvadi8goVerbal d^gsxiios, nsgtd'gsHa, Odys. 5, 412.
Tcrios,

Plat.

Theaet. 47.

See

also dgofidco or

dgoixdo.
dQ(xfj,o(iai, fut. mid.
after the

analogy of

edofiai,

nlofiai,

(payo^ai, Anthol. 9, 575.

jgio^ to tremble^ aor. 9, 6 ; II. 11, 546.

See
;

hgsda

(aa),

Xen. Anab.

1,

also zgsfico,

Tgi^a).(TPirJl),

to

chirp, screech, scream,

24,5: imperf. hgi^ov, Horn.

TSTg~iya as present
part.

Batr.

Odys. 88: 2 perf.

II.

TBxgiyag, -oios,

23,

101
II.

2,

314: 2

pluperf. iisTgi/scv as imperfect,

23, 714. see d^gvjtxco. rgv^G) (v), another form o( rgvo, Odys.

TPY0JI,

1,

248

fut.

Tgv^o, Odys. 17,387: perf. pass. Tsigv/cofiai, Thuc. 4, 60. Pass, igv/ooiiai, Mimnerm. 2, 12. rgvo {if)^ to afflict^ ivear out^ Soph. Trach. 124:

M.jgvoic), ^sch. Prom. 27: perf. pass. Thgv' fiai, Herod. 1, 22.
xgciyco

{TPAFSl),
:

to

eat,

fut.

Tgd^ofiat, Arist.

Vesp. 155
perf.

aor.

hga^a

rare,

Hom.

Batr.

pass. Tergco^fxai, Arist. Vesp.

371

126 2 aor.

ergayov, Arist. Av. 655.

'[v/;^dvcd (tsv/c),

TTXH),

chance,

fut.

xsv^ofAai,

to obtain, hit^ happen, Soph. Antig. 778 ; Xen.

hv^V^a Epic, II. 4, 106; 334: perf. Thevxa not common, 14, Athen. 13, 44; commonly TSTv^rixa, Xen. Cyr. pluperf. hsTsv/eu Ionic, happened, 4, 1, 2: Herod. 3, 14 2 aor. hv^ov. Soph. Col. 780.
Cyr. 2, 3, 4: aor.

Odys.

In the sense
tsTvxrjiioc

Tvyxarca, hvyxavov, eivxtjaa,

happen^ chance, happen to be, this verb has Thuc. 1, 32, hnsvxta, exvxov. takes the meaning to happen, chance, happen to be.
to

TVTtia (TTIIS2),
Plut.

to

strike,

fut.

rvTUijao),

Arist.

20

aor. sivyja,

Herod.

3,

64

perf. pass.

v(pai
.

251
Herod.
3,

TsiviifAai

and
aor.

TSTVTtrr^uai,

1255: 2
part.

sxvnov

rare, Eurip. Ion,

TBTVTtav

(not tsivtzcov),

Call.

64 Dem. 767; and Dim. 61:

;

JEsch, Prom. 361 : fut. mid. VerTVTtirjaofjiac as passive, Arist. Nub. 1379. Mid, ivTZzofiai, to bal Ti/TTTT^rfo?, Dem. 1271. smite one^s selffor grief to bewail, Herod. 2, 40. 42. 61 : aor. iivxpafiriv, Herod. 2, 40.

aor. pass. iTVTttfv,

Etymologically connected with the Latin stupeo,

ivcpai
v, to raise smoke, smoke, Soph. Antig. 1009; Arist. Vesp. 457: perf. pass, ji&vfxfxai, aor. d'vyjai, in Hesychius jEsch. Sup. 186: 2 aor. pass. iiv(pf^v (v), Arist. Lys. 221. 222.

(0T0J2), long

burn,

^-

vyiaiva, to be in good health, fut. vyiav^, Xen. Mem. 2, 2, 10 aor. vyidva, Ionic vyiriva, Dem. 1256; Hippocr. aor. pass, vycdvd-rjv, Hippocr.
: :

de Art. ^
Arist.

5.
bi/e,

Ran. 165, vylaivs, good

Latin vale.

vXdoxa and vXda (a), to bark, as a dog, to yell, Odys. 16, 9; Theoc. 25, 70; JEsch. Sup. 877:
imperf. vkdov,
^7}v as active,
vTtstxc),

Mid. imperf. vXdoOdys. 16, 5. 162. Odys. 16,

see

slxco, to yield.

V7tSlA,V7]l.lVX,

see Tj^VG), vTtia/vsoixac (vno, to';^, s/a), Poetic and Ionic vTtlaxoixai, to promise, pledge one^s self, Xen.

Anab.
fut.

7, 6,

38; Odys.
:

8,

347; Herod.
:

7,

104:

vTtoaxrjoofxai,
8,

Dem. 445
:

perf.

vuiax^^^ai,

Thuc.
rare,

48

aor.

pass. vTisaxi&r^v, v7roa;^sd'i^Ti,

Phaedr. 25 Soph. Col. 227.

Plat.
^

aor.

mid. vneaxoiiriv,

vipaivca (vcpda,
Arist.

T^ANSl),
:

to* weave, fut. vq)avcoy

vcpr^va,

Eccl.

654

aor.

Doric

vcpava^

252

vcpaa

Eurip. Taur. 814; Odys. 13,303: ^evl vcpayyca, avvvcpayxa^ later, Dionys. Hal. Composit. Verb. 16 (p. 215, Schaef.) : perf. pass, vcpaa^ai^ Herod. 3, 47:

Mid.
The

aor. pass.

v(pdiv&riv,

Herod.

1,

203.

vtpaLvofxaL
3, 11, 6.

transitive,

aor.

vcprivd^riv^

Xen. Mem.
perf.

pass,

was

also vcpvcpaofiai, with the

Attic

reduplication, Etymol.

Suidas writes it v<fi^q)aaiiai, and, what is worse, tries to defend it. Etymologically connected with the English weave, woof,
to

Magn.

web.
vcpdo),

weave, found only in the Epic 3 plur.

{ycpdovCL),

vcpoaat protracted from vcpaoL See also vcpalvco, 7, 105.

Odys.
:

vo

(v),

to

rain,
aor.
:

rain upon, Hes.

^tfa,

vaco

(v),

Arist.

Op. 550 fut. Nub. 1118; Pind.

fut.

Olym. 7, 91 Xen. Venat.

perf. pass, vdfxai, aor. pass. va&i]v,

9,

fiaL as passive,

5; Herod. 3, 10: Herod. 2, 14.

to

mid. vVo-

Perhaps connected with;fw (XTJl),

pour, which see.

OArSl,
fpaivoi

see

i<sei(o.

((fda,
Arist.
aor.

14;

325:
:

0JIN1), to show, shine, Plat. Tim. Nub. 586: fut. cpav6, Soph. Antig. scpr^va, Xen. Hel. 3, 5, 10: perf.

7ts(payxa in composition, dTtoTtecpayxa, Dinarch. 40 perf. pass, nkfpaa^ai, -avaai, -avxaL, Xen.

Hel.

5, 1,

29

aor.

pass, ecpdvd^riv not

common,

Soph. Tyr. 1485: 2 aor. ecpavov. Epic iterative 3 sing, (pdveaxs, he appeared, would appear, II. 2 aor. pass. i(pdvrfv as 11, 64 ; Odys. II, 587 middle, Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 9 2 perf. nicpr^va as middle, jEsch. Prom. 111. See also (pda, to shine, Mid. (paivop,aL, to show one^s self, to appear, fut. (pavivfiat, cpavov^ai, Herod. 3, 35 ; ,.Thuc. 7, 6Qi perf. nicpaofiac, II. 2, 122; Soph.
:

(pigo

253

Tyr. 1184: aor. i(p7^voifxr]v transitive, to show, Soph. Phil. 944 2 aor. (icpavofxriv) , subj. 2 dual (pav^ad^ov, Plat. Erjx. 17.
:

qjavoLTjV,

fut.

opt.

for

q)nvoTfii,

Soph. Aj. 313.

qoa-

dv&T}v or e(pauvS^rjv, aor. pass, by protracting , for (pavrirj, 2 aor. pass. ^jj', Epic, 11. 1,200; 4, 4G8. Epic for (pccvjj, II. 22, 73.

f<jpaV-

subj.

(pdaxcD, see y^^wt, TtKpoLvoxa.

(paG), to shine,

Epic, imperf. 3 sing, ^af (ct), Odys. 3 fut. mcprjaofxat as middle, II. 17, 155. 14, See Not to be confounded with the following.

502

also (paivco,

0ASI,

see

0ENSI,

(profit,

TiKpavaxc),

(psidofiat

Hel. 2,

(0IJS2), to spare, fut. (pstao^ai, Xen. 3, 34; also necpi^oo^ai Epic, II. 15,

215: 2 aor. mid. opt. necpLdoiiiriv, Ttsfidiad^ai, Epic, Odys. 9, 277; II. 21, 101. 0ENSI and 0AS2, to kill, Epic, perf. pass. 3 sing.
TtEcpajaL,

3 plur. nicpavrai,

infin.

nscpdo&ai,

II.

15,

140;
II.

aoixat,

5, 531; 13, 447: 3 fut. pass. Trf^f 13, 829; Odys. 22,217: 2 aor. ni-

(pvov

or S7ts(pvov, necpvco, necpvsfisv (necpvuv),

827

nicpvav (not 7iscpv6v), II. 13, 363 ; 20, 172 ; 16, 6, 180 ; Soph. Tyr. 1497 ; Odys. 22, 346. ;
These two forms
follow the analogy of

rENJl, rjfL,
Further,

yeyora,

yiyaa
is

'

MENU,

MAIL,

fte^ovu,

fie[4aa.

0ENJI
(psg^a,
perf.

the theme of qiovog,

(povij.

to feed,
2, 105.

transiuve,

Inscpog^Hv implying 2

Eurip. Hip. 75 : 2 pluperf. nicpog^a, Horn.

Hym.
(pigco

(pigi^fii, -rjai,

Epic

for cpego),

Odys. 19, 111.

{0IS2,

ENEKSl, ENETKH, ENEIKSl),

Soph. Tyr. 638 Soph. Elec. 13; Ionic ijvsixa, Herod. 3, 30 ; also (dvma) infin. dvaaai very rare, Herod. 1, 157: perf. iv-qvo^a, Dem. 550: perf.
to bear, bring, carry, fut. ol'oa,

aor. i^vsyxa,

22

: ;

pass.

Iv-qviyixai^ Eurip.

Ion,
;

1340

Ionic

Iv?/-

vsi/fiai,

Herod.

2,

12

rarely

oidfxai,

Lucian.

Parasit. 2: aor. pass. ']^vsx&rfv, Xen. Anab. 4, 7, 12; Ionic T^vslx&rjv^ Herod. 1, 66: fut. pass.
otod'ijaoi.iai, Thuc. 7, 56 ; Dem. 1094: 2 aor. rjvsyxov, Soph. Col. 621. Verbal Mid. (pigofiai usually oidiios, Soph. Col. 1360. transitive, to bear or bring for one's self fut. perf. ivrivsy^ai, Dem. oiaofxai, Soph. Elec. 969

ive^^d^ijao^ai,

814:
(Econ.
171.

aor.
7,

-qveyxd^a^v^

Ionic

T^vsixdfxriv,

Xen.

13; Herod. 1,67.

2
plur.

(figte, pres. imperat.

482;

Ran. 173; Odys. 20, 154: infin. olas^Bvai, olaiFind. Pyth. ^ev, or oi'asiv, for o7am, II. 3. 120; 18, 191 4,181. avEvsvsy XT a I, th?Lt IS, avevrjveyxraL {avd, ivrijf/xTwt), perf. pass. 3 sing, from ENEriiSl, in an ancient Attic inscription (Boeckh. Inscript. 76, 4). Also inavsvriviiyxtai, perf. pass. 3 sing, in another Attic inscription (Boeckh. Athen. Nav. p. 259). Connected with the Latin fero, porto (cpoQiog), English For the commutation of (p and (S, compare bear, wear. fJuhnnog, Bihnnoq. 08^svlxri, BsQEi'ixT}
oitff, -iio), -(Ts,

syncopated

for q)SQSTf, II. 9,

aor.

imperat.

Poetic, Arist.

II.

19,

'

(pavya

{0rrSl, ^TZS2),
Xen. Hel.
acpvyov, Soph. Aj.

to flee, fut.

cpsv^oaai ov

cpev^oviiai,

4, 4,

;
:

Arist. Plut.

447

2 perf. 7ts(psvya, Soph. Tyr. 840 Ttscpsvyoir^v^ Arist. also part. necpv^oTss, Epic, II. 21, 6; 22, 1. Mid. perf. Verbal ^fvxTfog, Eurip. Hel. 860. part. TTf^jf/^fVos transitive, having escaped, Odys. 1, 18: aor. infin. 8iaq)sv^aad^ai, Hippocr.
aor.
;

403 Vesp. 994

iEsch. Agam. 1307, t(ptv^ag, to utter q)Ev, moan, does not come from (ffvya, but from the interjection (psv, after the analogy of w/^w^m from oi'ixoi, and wroTv^a from oioidt. The passage KA2'' cpsv cptv. XOP. il tovi scptv^ag,- may be compared with MN1I2. fxv fiv. ETP. xl fiv^sig ; Arist. Thesm. 231. Connected with the Latin fugio, fuga {cpvytj).
(priiJLt

{^ASl)^ Doric

(pd^i, to say, (pa, cpairiv, (pddt,

(pQei

255
to say,

cpdvai^ (fdg
ecpriv

also

cpdaxco,
:

affirm, imperf.
;

usually as aorist

fut. (pTJaco,

Dem. 33 Doric
:

\\pda(o
:

and cpaaa. Find. Nem. 7, 150; Theoc. Doric aor. ecprjaa, Xen. Anab. 5, 8, 5 ] 1, 70 ^.ecpdoa, Find. Nem. 1, 99: perf. pass. 3 sing. imperat. nsTticpdrai later Epic, Apol. 2, 500 (pdad-a, Plat. Tim. 48; part, nscpaa^dvos, II. 14,
:

127.
"^ (pdfiai,

Verbal (pajkos, Plat. Phileb. 84. Mid. fdo&s, as active, Odys. 6, 200 ; 10, 562

imperat. (pdo, (pda&co, (pdad's, Odys. 16, 168; ^^20, 100; 11. 9, 422; infin. (pda&ai, II. 1, 187;
^, part,

(fd^svos,

II.

5,

^imperf. {(pdfiyv as Generally Poetic.

f^.

aorist,

290; Xen. Hel. 1, II. 8, 498;

6,
1,

3:
33.

of the present are generally (if not they follow, in sense, the imperfect icpriv, eq)d(ir,v. 9)^'/?, subj. Epic for (pjj, Odys. 11, 128. then. 1, 14, (pavai in the trimeter tnena q^dvai fiixgov oifjialiegov has apparently a long penult. Etymologically connected with the Latin for,fari,fatus,
always) aoristic^ that
is,

The dependent moods

fama,
fpd'dvc}

vatis (ngo-cpT^ttjg).

^V Cyr. 7,

to anticipate, fut. (p&daa, Xen. 19; commonly (pd'rj(yofiac, Thuc. 5, 10; Isoc. 56: aor. (p&daa, Arist. Plut. 1102; Doric s(p&a^a, Theoc. 2, 115; perf. 8(p&axa, Dem. 239 2 aor. ecpdrfv like sarriv, q)&co, tpd^alTfv, (p&rjvai, (f&ds, II. 16, 314; Xen. Hel. 7, 5, 10: 2 aor. mid. part, (p&dfievos as active, Epic, II. 5, 119; Hes. Op. 568.

(^00

ASI),

1,

The
Epic Epic

writers,

present g)&uv(o and imperfect i'ip&avov have w in the and in the Attic. cp&dv, 2 aor. 3 plur.

for icpdrjaavj II.

q)&fj,
:

11,

51

subj.

Epic
II.

(p^T^rj, (p&ib)fie%\
;

q)&6(oai, for

q)&w^sv, cpdacji,

383

24, 437

opt.
II.

sing, cpd^alriai,

Odys. 16, nagaqi^alrjai, very

16, 861

rare for q}dalT],

10, 346.

(fd^SLQo

{0GEPSI),
(pd^egoco,

to

corrupt, destroy, fut. (p&sII.

gS, Epic

Soph. Trach. 713;

13,

256
625:
aor.

(pOiv

scpd^Hga^^huc,

1,

69:

perf. q)&ag7ca,

Eurip. Med. 226 ; perf. pass, scpd^agfiai, Soph. Elec. 765: 2 aor. pass. i(p&dgrfv, Thuc. 1,24: 2 perf. (p&oga (duepd-oga)^ Soph. Elec. 306 fut. mid. (pd^sgioixai, (p&sgovfiat^ and (pdagiofxai, Herod. 8, 108; 9, 42; Soph. Tyr. 272.

The 2 perf. eip&oQa is also used intransitively, to be ruined, but not in the Attic dialect, II. 15, 128. (f)&d~ Qttxai, pluperf. pass. 3 plur. Ionic form, Thuc. 3, 13. disq)&aQaio, 2 aor. mid. 3 plur. Ionic for ducp^uQovTo, as

pluperfect passive, Herod. 8, 90.

(pdlvco

(q)dLco),

to perish,

sink as to health, he con-

sumed, usually intransitive, Odys. 5, 161 ; Soph. 2 aor. ecpdidov, dnicpQidov Epic, Col. 610 Odys. 5, 110. 133.
:

This form has the same relation

5t'ty.

to (jd^/w that Svva has to

for cp&Ui.

Soph. Elec. 1414,

(p&ivfc is

transitive,

Also

Theoc.
<pdico

2-5,

122, (f&ivovai for (p&lovai.

(0GIMI),
fut.

to icaste,

446: 1027:

(pdcaa, (pdta,
scpdiaa.

aor.

consume, destroy, II. 18, II. 6, 407; Soph. Aj. Soph. Aj. 1027; iEsch.

20, 67: perf. pass, scpd^i^ai, Odys. 20, 340: pluperf. pass. icpOtfir^v, II. 1, 251 aor. pass. icpOldi^v (i\ Odys. 23, 331. Mid. to perish, fut. (pO loo fiat, See also (pdiva, II. 11, 820; Odys. 13, 384: 2 aor. ecpdl^riv, subj. (pdtoiiai, Epic for (pdla^ai, -frat for -T^rar, Soph. Tyr. 962; II. 18, 100; 14, 87; 20, 173 opt, (pdifxrfv (i), 3 sing, (pdlxo, Odys. 10, 51; 11, 330 ; imperat. 3 sing, (pdladco, II. 8, 429 infin.
:

Eum. 172; Odys.

(pdiadat,
II.

II.

9,

246;

13,

667;

part.

y(9t>vos,

8, 359.

(p&sia&oa, q)&87a&ai, \ater i'or (pdla&w, (pd la &ai, Apo\. The analogical form of the 2 aor. mid. opt. 3, 778. 754. would be q)&ufiriv, (f&uo, like laxn-i^riv, laxa-'io. Hesychius has <f>&si, dvr^axEi' (p&slijg, q)&(XQdrig' cp&ri' GOVT a I, diaip&aQT^aovTai, implying (fdita and ipOIIMl.

yo/3f
(piXeo

257
regular: 3
fut.

{^lASl),

to love, entertain,

nscpLirjaofiat, Call.
ixai as passive,

Del.
1,

270
123.

fut.

mid.

(pcXijao'

Odys.

from ^TAIl, II. 5, 61 Horn. Hym. 4, 117 imperat. cptlai (analogically (plXm), 11. 5, 117; part. cplXdfisvog, Apol. 4, 990 cpiXtj^svai, pres. infin. Epic, as if from (piXrjfiii II. 22, 265.

Epic

aor. mid. fcpTXdfxrjv as active,

subj.

(fU(a(i(xt, (r),

0AAZSI {0AAJJI),
j^

to

rend,

burst

asunder,

swell as with lust, 2 aor. ecpXadov, ^Esch.

Choeph.

perf. pass. necpXaa^at, dva7t6(p?,aafAai, Arist. Lys. 1099. ^Xdco, another form of d^kda, to bruise, Arist. Plut. 784: fut. (pXdao, Doric cpldaco, Theoc. 5, 148:
:

28

aor.

Theoc.
^

Pind. Nem. 10, 128; 150 perf. pass, nicpkaafiai, 5, i(pXdadrfv, Hippocr. de Genitur. 9.
EcpXdca,
:

ecpXaaa,
aor. pass.

fpXsykdca (^cpXeyG)), Poetic, transitive or intransitive,

burn, Latin uro or ardeo, II. 17, 738; 18, Pass. (pXsyidoixat, II. 23, 21 1 (pkva, to boil up, blab, II. 21, 361 : aor. scpXvda, iEsch. Prom. 504; Anthol. 7, 351 ; also sfXv^a,
to

21

1.

Apol. 3, 583.
;

Archil, frag. 104, aor.

verb.

anicpXoaav may be

referred to this

(pXvG), to scorch,

Arist.

whence the compound nsgicpkvco, Nub. 396 perf. pass. 7isgt7zeq)kvafiat,

:

Herod.
(po^ea,

5, 77.

{0EBJI,

cpo^os), to terrify, frighten, cause

aor. pass. kcpoS-qdriv as middle, : Eurip. Rhes. 47: fut. pass. (poPrfdjjaofiat as middle, Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 18. Mid. (po^eo^ai, to fear, (po^rjaofiai, necpoPT^fiai, Xen. Hel. 2, 3, 39; Soph. Aj. 139: aor. mid. acpo^riad^iriv later and doubtful, Anacr. 3, 11.

to fear, regular

Etymologically connected with the Latin paveo, pavor.


258
(page

(pogia {(psga), to carry, wear, regular:

GOL

SlOV, icpogr^-

and
15,

icpogsGa,

II.

19, 11

Isaeus, 71.

(fOQTjVtti

and (pogi^fiEvai,
1,

infin.

107;

310. g)OQsr}fii, Bion,

(poQsrjaiv, pres. 84.

implying (pogrj^i, II. 2, ind. 3 sing, implying

fgadda,
(pgdto

for cpgaXa, in Hesychius (pgaSdov, aor. (pgdSaaas, Pind. Nem. 3, 45.

{OPAJSl)^
Tyr.

to

tell,

explain,
perf.

fut.

(pgdaco.
3,

Soph.

330:

aor. ecpgaaa,

Thuc.

42:

perf. Ttsipgaxa,

Isoc.

101
:

pass, nscpga-

Ofxai, Isoc. (Antid.),

97
5,

aor. pass, icpgdadrjv as

middle, Pind.
Ttscpgadov

1, 84: 2 aor. and inicpgabov Epic, II. 1 4, 500 Verbal (pgaariog, Plat. Hes. Theog. 74. 162.

Nem.

62; Herod.

Epist. 2, 312, 30.

Mid.-

cpgd^o^iai, to consider,

perceive,

fut.

(pgdaofxaL
perf.

(aa)

Epic,
II.

501;
364:

5,

188:

nicpgaafxai.

Odys. 19, Soph. Antig.

1,

aor. ifpgacfdiitfv (aa) Epic,

part,

537.

nQonscpQudfiivog, perf. pass. previously named, Hes. Op. 653.

(pgdaaco or (pgdrrco
rarely (pgdyw^i,

for ngontcpQaaftivog,

fence; Odys. Vesp. 5, 256: perf. pass, nscpgay^ai, Arist. 352 : aor. pass. ecpgd^O-qv^ Xen. Hel. 5, 2, 5 Mid. (pgd/vvfiai 2 aor. pass, icpgdy-qv later. transitive, Soph. Antig. 241; Arist. frag. 336:
to stop up,

{0PAr2),
7,

Thuc.

74

aor. (pga^a,

to

aor.

i(pga^dixT]v
;

usually transitive,

II.

15,

566

iEsch. Sept. 63
(pgiaoa or cpgixxco
at, to be

Thuc.

8, 35.

(0PIKJ1),

shudder, shudder
:

rough, aor. ecpgi^a, nifgixa, Arist. Nub. 1 133.

TiEcpQlxovTag (i), part, from a Pind. Pyth. 4, 325.

Dem. 559
new

perf.

present 7isq)Qi,xa,

(pgvyo)

and (pgvTTca, to roast, parch, Arist. Ran. Theoc. 6, 16 fut. Doric tpgv^^, Theoc. 7, 511 66 aor. s(pgvla, Athen. 9, 34 perf. pass. Tte(pgvy^oLi, Thuc. 6, 22 aor. pass. B(pgvxdriv,
{if)
;
:

(pva

259

Horn. Epigr. 14, 4: 2 aor. pass. Bipgyy-qv^ Anthol. 7, 293.

Etymologically connected with the Latin frigo.

another form of (pevyoy Soph. Elec. 132; Herod. 6, 16. 0YrS2 and 0rZS2, see (psvyo). (pvXdoaoi or yvAarTw {^TAAKil\ to guards (pvXd^co, mid. (pvXdaaofiai, to guard against any
(pvyydvo,
thing, regular.
'

ngocpvXax&s (cpvXax^s),
for 7tQO(pvXoiuasts,

<

KSl

after

pres. imperat. 2 plur. Epic Horn. Hym. 1, 538; formed from (t>TAAthe analogy Svmx&b from avwyta thus, ngocpvXaxe'

Ts, TiQocpvXaxTS, 7tQ0(pvXax-&s.

cpvga (v), to knead, mix, aor. ecpvgaa, Odys. 18,

21:
aor.

perf.

pass. 7tiq)vgfiai,

pass. i(pvgdriv,

Xen. Ages. 2, 14: Msch. Agam. 732: 3 fut.

pass,

necpvgdo^ai, Find.
forms from

Nem.
;

1,

104

aor.

pass, ecpvgriv later.

The

^TPAfL
beget
;
:

are regular

thus, (fVQuata, Ionic

(pvo, to produce,

rarely as middle, to
fut.

grow,
perf.

spring up,

II.

6,

149

(pvaa (v), Soph. Tyr.

2,
3,

438:
'

aor.

Bcpvaa,

Xen. Mem.

19:

7ts(pvxa usually

as present middle, to be by nature or naturally, to be, to be born, Thuc. 3, Ab ;

Soph. Phil. 79 : pluperf. inscpvyiHv as imperfect middle, Odys. 5, 238 : 2 perf. necpva, necpvag, -aTos, as present middle, to be, grow. Epic, II. 4, 485; 1, 5 4, 288; Odys. 5, 477; Theog. 13; 396 : 2 aor. ecpifv usually as present middle, to

'

be, to be born, (pvco, (pvr^v (y), (pvvai, q)vs. Soph. Antig. 79; Col. 1113; Theoc. 15, 94: 2 aor. pass. i(pvr^v, q)vijvat, (pvsis, not Attic, Hippocr. Palaeph. 6, 3. Mid. (pvofiai, to be begotten,

produced, to spring up, grow, fut. (pvciop,ai, jEsch. Prom. 871. The rest is borrowed from the active, 7ti(pvxa, insfpvxHv, necpva, ecpvv.

: :

260
13, 40.

x<^tcD
nEcpvxtj, pluperf. 1 sing, contracted from n^cpvxEa, Theoc. ijiicpvxov, imperf. from a new present, nsqivxa),

Hes. Op. 148; Theog. 152.

ixcpvaoixai, transitively.
It is

Hippocr.

1,

399 (Kuhn's),

fui, fore), Jio, facio (?). noiifa or nodta {nOR).

etymologically connected with the Latin fuo (whence It seems to be the parent of

.*^^itv

X.
XoCg) {XA/I1), used only in the
?G),

compound avaxd-

way, yield, retreat, mostly Epic, II. 5, 34. 249; Xen. Anab. 4, 1, 16: fut. x^oo^ai {aa), II. 13, 153; also xsxadjj6(0 causative, will cause to give up, deprive of, bereave, Odys. 21, 153: 2 aor. xf;a^ov causative, aor. mid. to cause to give up, deprive, II. 11, 334 inf. /doaodoLi, dia^daaadat, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1,31: 2 aor. mid. XExadofiriv, II. 4, 497.
to give
:

commonly /afo^at,

For the change of x

from
TiTvoxofiai
'

into

x,

compare

TSTVxEir,

rsivxia^ai,

dexofjat, for de'xofxai.

It is etymologically

connected with the Latin verb cedo.

^aivco, see xdcjxco.

Xo^^gco

#*t^
to

xaigrjaa, Herod. I, 128; also xexagijaco, xf/a^T/Vo^at, Epic, II. 15, 98: aor. ixaigrfcia later, Plutarch. Lucul.
rejoice,
fut.
:

{XAPSl),

^ 25

perf. ycs^dgTixa as present, Arist.

aor. pass, i^dgr^v as active, Arist.

fut.

Vesp. 764 Av. 1743:

2
II.

Corinth.
7,

pass. x^gjjaofiaL later, as active, Gregor. 2 perf. part, xs^agr^as as present. Epic,
:

312. Mid. as active; present and imperfect not used : perf. xs/dgi^fmi and xf/ap^aat as present, Poetic, Eurip. Aul. 200 ; Cycl. 367 aor. ;^7^^a^?/v not Attic, II. 14, 270: 2 aor. xsXag6i.iriv, Odys. 4, 344 ; 2, 249,

The present middle xf^'Qoi^ai was probably considered a barbarism; Arist. Pac. 291.

Xakdo,

to loosen, fut.

x^kdaco, in Suidas

aor. l/a-

Xtttti

261

(^aa), Arist. Thesm. 1003: Horn. Hym. 1, Doric i;(dka^a, Pind. Pyth. 1, 10: perf. xe6; ^dkaxa, Hippocr. perf. pass. xf;^ocAa<7^mt, Anthol. 9, 297 aor. pass, ixakdadi^v, JEsch. Prom. 991 aor. mid. ixakaad/jiriv transitive, Apol. 2, 1264. ^aXeTtaiva (;^aAf7rog), to be offended, fut. ;^aAf7rav6, Plat. Crito, 16 aor. i;^aki7ir^va, II. 16, 386

X^ooL

aor. pass. i%aks7idvdrfv as active,

6, 2.

Xen. Anab. 4, Mid. xaXsnaivoiiai as active, Xen. Cyr.

5,

2,

18.

Pass.
3,

;^aAf7raAvo^(af,
1, 10.

fo

6e

treated
to

harshly, Plat. Rep.

tain, grasp, hold,

XavUvo {XAjn, XANJSl, XENJSl),

fut.
:

con-

Hom. Hym.

34: 2 perf. 2 pluperf. xsxdvdsLv as imperfect, XANSl, see xdaxa.

rod.
1,

Odys. 18, 17; 253 2 aor. sxaSov, II. 4, 24 ; 14, xixavSa as present, Odys. 4, 96:
;^ft(?o^a,
II.

24, 192.

XOLgi^ofiai, to gratify, present, fut. /agioviiai,

He-

90;

3,

39:

perf. xs^dgiafiai,

Isoc.

392:

aor. ixagLodfxTfv,

Xen. Cyr.
sing.

3, 3, 1.

sxf;^^taTo impersonally, M acceptable service was done, the request [of the Euboeans] was complied with. x^xngiafxivog, rj, ov, usually as an adjective, acceptable, II. 5, 243 Xen. Mem. 1,3, 3.

Herod. 8, 5, pluperf. 3

Xdaxa, later ;^atVfi) (XAS2, XANSl), to gape, fut. Xavov^ai, Arist. Lys. 272 2 aor. sxolvov. Soph. Aj. 1227 2 perf. xix^va as present, /o 6g open, gape, Arist. Av. 51 2 pluperf. ixsxrjvsiv, ixsxrjvri, as imperfect, Arist. Ach. 10.
:

Arist.
It is a

Ach. 133,

xcj^^JveTc,

perf. imperat. usually written

kind of onomatopi/, connected with

x^jv,

Latin hiOf
(x^v,

hisco,

German gdhnen, English yawn, gape, gander

fut. x^fJop,ai,

anser), and perhaps goose.

xi^o (XEJS2), cacare,

commonly
:

x^-

aovnai, Arist. frag. 207; Vesp. 941

aor.

sxeoa

262
and

xHQ
x^(iov, Arist. Eccl.

pass. Tckx^a^ai, Arist. Ach.

Arist.

Av. 68

aor.

320 Thesm. 570 perf. 1170 2 perf. xs;^o8a, mid. ixeoajxr^v, Arist. Eq.
;
: :

1057.
not absolutely absurd to suppose that the form x^oocito 1057) was coined by the poet for the purpose of making a chime with finxianno. It seems to be etymologically connected with ;fiw, uawq gen. analog. See also axedavvvfu.
It is

(Arist. Eq.

Xugooiiat (xig), to subdue ; sometimes passively to be subdued^ Eurip. Elec. 1168; Arist. Vesp. 439 ; rarely /f t(po, to handle roughly^ treat with violence, Arist. Vesp. 443 fut. x^igaaofiat, Soph.
:

passively, Thuc. 5, 96 aor. pass, ix^tgadriv passively, Herod. 4, 96 aor. mid. ixetgcoadixriv, Thuc. 3, 40. X^Gi (XETS2), to pour: fut. ;^i, ^^ets, %si^ like the present, Eurip. Sup. 773; Arist. Pac. 169; Epic ^svaa, ;^fVG}, Odys. 2, 222 later ;^f, ix;(co, Septuag. Joel, 2, 28 aor. s/sa^ ;^la, %iov, Xen. Cyr. 1 3, 9 Epic, e/svda, h'/sva, II. 4, 269 ; Odys. 24, 81 rare and doubtful s^vc^u, Arist. Av. 210: Xen. Mem. 4, 3, 8: perf. tcs^^vxu, aor. pass, i/vixxi;(vxa, Anthol. Planud. 242
Phil.
:

92

perf.

xs/eigcofiaL

/svofiai, transitive, Eurip. Orest.

Epic Hes. Op. 472 681: fut. x^oixat like the present, Isaeus, 149: aor. perf. xixvuai, II. 5, 141 ; Eurip. Bac. 456 Epic ixBvd^^v, Soph. Col. 477 II. 5, ixedijirfv, 314: 2 aor. Ix^^riv (v), Epic, Odys. 19, 470; 10, 415; II. 23, 385; 4, 526; iEsch. Choeph. 401.
drjv (v), Arist.

Vesp. 1469.

Mid.

xiofiat,
;

syx^vvxa, or exj^ciJira, part. fut. contracted from Theoc. 10, 53. This verb may possibly be connected with a>cf5(xvvv/ui, yeddvvv^i, Xf^ci* Latin sagitta, Saxon huer (ewer)^ English shed (Saxon sced)f shoot, shot, German schossen.
iyxiovTu,

::

^gao)

263

XA^ZSl {XAJ[JSl),to sicell, sound loudly, bubble

up, 2 perf. part. xs/kaSas, Pind.
xf/Xadb), ysxlddoiv, Find.
a

Olym.

9, 3.

new

present, hence infin. xf;^ AatJstr, part.

frag.

48; Pyth.

4, 318.

%ok6(D (xokos),
aor.

render angry, regular 3 fut.' pass. exoXadriv as middle, II. 13, 206
to incense,
:

pass. xf;^oAft>(yo^at as future middle,

5,

421.

Mid.

II.

1,

139;

xoloofxai, to be incensed, angry,

l\.

fut.

^okaaof^iai,

14,

310:
II.

perf.
1,

xsxokcofiai, to
aor. i/oXcj-

be angry, Odys. 1, 69; adfjLTfv, 11. 14, 155.

217:

Xogbva (%og6s),

to

dance, regular:

fut.

yogsvaco,

Xogsvooiiai, Dem. 1001 : perf. pass. 3 sing, impersonal Tcsyogsviai, Arist. Nub. 1510: aor. mid.
ixogevadfiriv as active, Arist.
Xoco, to

Thesm.

103.

and xavvvo, rare in the early authors, Herod. 2, 137; Plat. Leg. 12, 9; Ctes. Epitom. 36: fut. %aaa, Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 11: aor. ex^oa, Dera. 795 perf. xfperf. pass, xixaXoyyiOL, dvaxsxaxa, Dem. 1279 o^iai, Herod. 2, 138: aor. pass. ixGyaOr^v, Xen.
heap up,
also x^vvvfii
: :

dam ;

^
-

Cyr.
fut.

7, 3,

XPAIUMSl,
16,

17..>qJ .Isf'i^i&^^X.Iill :di%:^ A-Al to assist, help, ward off, avert. Epic,
II.

xgaLafiTJoo,

20,

296

aor.

ixgoLcofir^aa,

II.

837: 2

aor. sxgoLiafiov.
it is

With

respect to sense,

related

to

aU^co, afjvvco, uq^-

yoi, UQK80),

which

see.

XgdofiaL, to use,
perf.

fut.

xqM^F-^^^ Arist. Plut. 941

transitive,

xeygriiiai generally
7,

Dem. 297;
generally
:

Herod.
^
,

145:

aor.
;

pass,

ixgrjadriv

transitive,

Dem. 520

xxgi]OOjiaL,

Thuc.
11-

1, 6.

Herod. 7, 144 3 fut. pass. Theoc. 16, 73: aor. mid. ixgr^odfit^v, Verbal ygj^aisos^Xeu. Mem. 3, 1,
4u'5

^
4;^

Xgda,

to lend,
to

Xg(i'^ (d),

see xlxgri^i* give an oracular response, Herod.

264
164:
Thuc.
fut.

;{gsfi

/grjoo),
:

Herod.

1,

19: aor.

l^Q'^^aa,

5,

32

perf. Tcexg^y^a (?), Call. frag.

456

Herod. 4, 164 ; 7, 141 : aor. pass. ixgrjaOr^v, Thuc. 3, 96. Mid. xgdofxai, to consult an oracle^ Herod. 4, 150: fut. xgrjaof^at, Odys. 8, 81 ; Herod. 1, 46. XgsfASTi^cj and XPEMIZi2\ to neigh, aor. i^^gs^iaa, II. 12, 51 ; Hes. Scut. 348.
perf. pass, xi^grniai
xs^^grfOfiat,

and

Xgrj {XPASl), it is necessary, there is need, impersonal, subj. XQJ}} opt. xgsirj, infin. xgrjvai and Xg^^i part. %gG)v, Arist. Lys. 133; Nub. 1059 ;

imperf. i;^g^v or Soph. Tyr. 555 ; Aj. 520 (never sxgr^v). Soph. Phil. 1062: fut. xgV' Xg^v OH, and aor. s^grias, see the compound dnoxgrj* The inf. xQ^v occurs as a noun, to xq^^> necessity^ Eurip. Hec. 260. The part. XQ^^^^ occurs also as an indeclinable
:

noun, 10 xQftav, tov ;^^wV, Eurip. Here. 828. 21. X9V? ^"^ XQjia&a, 2 pers. sing, personally, thou needest, Ari'st. Ach. Mid. perf. nexQnfiai, xfj^^i^^eVo?, 778 Cratinus apud Suid. Odys. 1, 13. to need, Eurip. Aul. 382
;

Xgii^f^, to need,

to deliver

an

wish, beg. Soph. Trach. 408 ; also oracle, equivalent to %gdco, Eurip.

Hel. 516:

fut.

XQV^^f

^IslL Loc. 6: aor. s/gifoa,

Herod.
XgriL^co,

5, 20.

the uncontracted form of XQV^^f Ionic, Hefut. ;^grfLao, Herod. 7, 38. Xgot^^, for/pr, Eurip. Heracl. 915: fut. ;^poi|oixai, Theoc. 10, 18: aor. pass. ixgouaOriv {ou)
rod.

1,41:

later.

Xg^^f^

/povvv^t and XQ^'^^^^i ^o Eurip. Phoen. 1625: aor. exgcoaa, Anthol. Planud. 138: perf. pass. yJx9^' aor. pass, ixgaadr^v, ofiat, Eurip. Med. 497
later

{XPOS2),
pollute,

color,

stain,

Athen. 14, 17.

XvvG), later for xio. XTI2, see ;^f .
XG)VVVfll, see

XOO,

?-;*

n^^

^^ VJ

<v

-;,

; ;

coveo

265

^.
yjaa, to rub,

Soph. Trach. 678 ; Arist. 311 fut. 1035: aor. fi/>?/(;a, Herod. 1, yjrjaco, Avist, Lys. 189. Mid. xjjdo^ai reflexive, Arist. Eq. 910: fut. xprjaofiai, Arist. Pac. 1231 aor. ixpriadiiiriv,
xpjj,

xp^v,

Eq. 909

imperf. expaov, Eurip. Taur.

Arist.

Eq. 572.
(xjjfjcpos),

yjT^cpi^oiJiai

to vote, decree

also xpricpi^o

later,

commonly
171
:

to calculate,
ipr^cpiaofiat,

168.

fut.

compute, AnihoL 11, yjrfcptovfiai, Lysias,

48: aor. iyjrjcpiaa, commonly iyjrfq)Ladfirfv, Soph. Aj. 449; Xen. Anab. 5, 1, 4 perf. iyjijq)ixa, Xen. Anab. 5, 6, 35 ; commonly iip7Jq)iafjiai actively or passively, Dem. 427; Thuc. 6, 15: aor. pass. ixpr^floOrfv passively, Isoc. 170: fut. yjT^cptadyjaofxac passively, Verbal xpr^cpLaTios, Xen. Hel. 2, 4, 9. Isoc. 135.

414; Thuc.
:

7,

ddia (J10S2),
Arist. Eccl.

to

push,
;

fut. (^dtjaco,

commonly

cida),

Xen. Cyr. 6, 4, 18: aor. ecoaa, Thuc. 2, 90 Epic and Ionic ca, Odys. 9, 488 Herod. 7, 167: perf. eaxa, i^smxa, Plutarch, perf. pass, soo^ai, Ionic Sctfiai, Xen. Cyr. p. 48 aor. pass, iaadriv, Xen. 7, 1, 36 ; Herod. 5, 69

300
;

Hel. 4, 3, 12.
aTteoj&rjv, aor. pass, for
aor. part, for ngoataag,
wji^wai^^ji',

Hippocr.

ngmaag,

Ant hoi.

12, 206.

have already assumed fjiosi as the original theme For the commutaof this verb. Compare English push. tion of F (v, w) and n, compare naaaaXog, palus {paxiUus), vallus, English pole ; nai^g, pater ^ vitricus ; nugw, veru
vello, pull.

We

aviojjLai,

to

buy, imperf.
;

icoveofirfv

and

(oveofiriv,

Dem. 987

Lys. 263 23

fut. (ovnaoixaL, Arist. Plut.

266

Qveo

140: perf. iSvr^iiat actively or passively, Dem. aor. pass, iavr^drfv passively, Xen. 975. 406 Mem. 2, 7, 12: aor. mid. icovr^ddfirfv or (ovrfc^d' fxriv chiefly later, Hippocr. ; Lucian. Dial. Mort. 4 ; Boeckh. Inscript. 2840, 1 ; infin. iovr^O^vat Instead later, Diogen. Laert. 2, 66 (Aristipp.). of icovr^ctdfiriv, classical writers almost always use ijtgid^r^v from IIPIAMAL
:

mvdai]Tai,

aor.

mid. subj. Doric for

is

wyija^jiat,

Etymol.

Magn.

voc. tiw.

probably favsofiai. And since to words, it is not absurd to suppose that ^oivto^ai is etymologically connected with the Latin veneo, vemtrn, vendo. The same confusion is observed in aiidao), audio; ai'(^, aio.
Its original

theme

buy and

to sell are correlative

APPENDIX

X -lAi

- -

....

j^

i -A

>n^;."^-;^

nt^i^

APPENDIX

ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS.
(From Boeckh's Corpus Inscriptionum Grsecarum.)

1.
(A)fTO(;

Hvis

Hod

andLxoa

au u Hoa
cpiko(i)
'

(agt)(iaTov a edsTcs xai te ^oia xai x^aXkix ^

Xea

Tcai
vlk,

a)yaaida d^vyaxgaa
og cicpdnog oust
tl,

^*'^

AriTovg

"AQtaaToav a' s&rjxs xal rs

Bola you KaXXU-

Xna xal 'Ayaai&ia,

(ag <piXvi.

'^^ 1^^

^V,^

Line

1.

an&noa,

for aq>&iTog,

contrary to the

common

rule.

2. agiaaiov, with aa, for uQiaxov,

iSfjiiv
,
.
.

....

og. o

oTgadaa

TtOTU^OV
Ttai

adsvsXaa

Ho

vvaaio

5 xae i7ioiidov
Tcai

&agov

Ho

agx^aika

xai aBgaOTOd
xoLL

^ogdayogaa

xai xXsiToa

Ho

divjovod

10 xai agiaio^a^oa
xai V, iov8a(f>^^*^^^ 23*
^

270

APPENDIX

I.

xal 2&EVEXag o

'

Tyaolov

xat 'iTiTiofiedwv
ital

Odgav

6 'Agx^alXa

xat *'AdQaaTog
aoel

BoQ&ayogag

xal KXsltog 6 2lvT(avog

10 aul

^AqLOTOfjiaxog
//.

Line

4. vvaaio,

without the aspirate

aspirate.

one

7r,

and without the

O'^gav.

5.

mo^sdov, with

6.

Odgojv, for the

common
agxia

'AgxsalXoc,

from

^Agx^olXag,

Xmgy equivalent to ^AgxiXaog.

the same as ^Og&ayogag.

compounded of

and

8. JBog&ayogag,

supposed to be

3.
Ttac

dtoa

exUHavTOL 8eK2Jat rod afxsvIIHsa

BxsXeacia

a-

aoi

yag eTtsvKHofxsvoa rovt

ygoUHov
*

ntxl Aiog, 'xq)dvT(o de^uL to5' dfitiKfsg ayaXfitx.

aoi yccg insvxofisvog lovz* sTaXsaas Fgocfxav,

In
X.

this inscription
1.

iiH

stands for

^t,

K2 for

S,

and

KH

for

afievIlHsa, for aftsficpsa.

d'soa

Tv^a

cfaoTia 8i8

on
e^^v,K

cfLxaivLat

tuv fol

Tccav Tcai

rakka navr a dafiiogyooi nagayog

.

a<S Ttgo^svoi ^iiyxov

agfio^tdafxod

ayaOag

Xoa ovaxaa

aitixog

OEogt Tvxct

'

SawTig

did-'^

*'

ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS.
Ttlav ical

raXXa

tiolvt-

a,

/fafiiagyog JlagayoQ'

VH

ag

ngo^svoi Mlyxav,

'AgfioUSufioQ,

^Ayd^ag^
^EnUmgog.

Xog, 'Ovdxag,
'

Line
by

dlSaai.

1.

Sa^xig, Saotis, a

2. 2ixaivla, to Sicmnia, a

crasis, for tw oiXku.

5. (nvxov, for Mlyxmv. chief magistrate. without the aspirate IL

4.

woman's name. dldari, Doric for woman's name. 3. TaU, daftiagyog, Doric for drjfiiovgyog, a

6. agfio^i8aiioa,

8.
Inscriptio Sigea,
^inA
inscription (Attic).

Upper

inscription (Ionic).

Lower

(pavoSixo
e[Jll

(pavoStxo

sifiL

TO

TOQflOX

sgiioxgaToa to ngoxo
vedLo

gaxsoa TO
TtgoTcovvr^

xayo xguTsga

(510

xgr^Tr^g

xanidTaTov xai HsOfi 5 ov s ngvxavsLov x

8s xai vitox

doxa

fjLveixa

aiysv

gr^TTfgiov

x
7t

vai eav ds tl

naax
eno

at rid^ov s

o fxsXsSaivsv (fi) o
cfiystsa

gvTavqLov
10 sdcoxsv avxs
evatv
^avodlxov
sifxl

xai

fi

10

i(Sv

HaiaoTCod xai

Ha8eX(poL
0avo8txov
elfil

xov

TovgfiOK-

'Egfioxgdvovg tov Ilgox(hvrjaiov.

gciTiog Tov

Kayat xgaTTJga

Ugonovvr]-

xaniataiov xal ^&fi-

5 a tov.

KgrjTTJg'

5
1''

6v

ig

ngvxavitov Ifivrjfia JStyet-

a 8s xal VTioxgr]T^giov x-

8o3xa
svat.

"^T n-

^Eav 8i jt ndaxfis, (-v,\ .r*

at -^d-fiov ig

Wj fieXedairsiv

272
QViav^iov

'^'"

APPENDIX

i;^*J

Hiysirjg.

Kal ji ino-

10 edaxev ^yxctsvoLV.

10

eiaev

AXaanog xat

adsXcpoL

Line

2. rovgixoxQiitEog,
for

by

crasis, for tov 'EgfiOxQarsog.

Jlgo-

6,

xovrjalov, in the Attic inscription,

3.
ituyco,

xa* e/w.

Observe that inlojaxov

in the
aiyEvsvai, a

in the Attic

Ionic inscription. 5. mistake for aiyssvat.

SiysLug.

with one

v, for

iTgoxowrialov.
xat
inlaxaTOV.

4.

xocnlaraTov,

for

corresponds to vnoyQf)T^Qiov xdoaa, a mistake for s^ojca.

the
aiv.

common

10.

avuBivaiv,

Atoionog, with the

aspirate.

another form by
9.
^'lyeirjg,

voc. plur. for

for aiyssv-

adsXcpol,

crasis,

for ol

adfX(pol.

In the Ionic inscription, the characters // and Si correspond respectively. is the same as the r] and In the Attic, "'- - \ ^-'-" Latin or English h.
to
ft)

../roJ

10.

(t)o aFVTo Xi&d

Bfii

avSgiad xac to acpsXaa

.

xov avTov Xl&ov sl^t uvdQiug xal to aqiiXag.

.^

tavtov Xl&ov

Bifz'

avdgiag xal to acpiXag,

i^T' '^Vf'&fy^^

It is clear that this verse is

an iambic trimeter acatalectic,

;

and that

crasis

and

elision are left to pronunciation

thus,

(See rov avrov is to be read TauTov flfj.1 avdgidg, sl'fi* avdgLcxg. The form aFvTo is a prolongation of pTo, from below.) apTo?, the original form of avrog. Compare p^cw ('w),

fovgBca

(old orthography

fOP0).

"

l'4-i^

ll^Qtimm^X^'' Inscriptio Eka,

SX^JTi

'15X0^^5
'^*^^^

01

a Fgaigk

ioig FaXeioia xat roid sg

FaoLota ctvvfxa^La x sa exajov fbtsol

agxoL 8s xa rot ai 8s

tl 8soi airs

Ysnoa auis F
^

agyov dvvsav x aXaXoid la t aX xat na 5 Q noXsfxo at 8s txa avvsav zaXavrov x " agyvgo anoTivoiav tol 8t olvvmoi tol xa 8aXs^isvoi kaTgsLOfiSvov at 8s jig xa y .
gacpsa rat xaSalsouo aixs Fsraa

'."

^
^'

aus

n^i'

ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS.
f Af tfra

273
V%

aiT Safioct bvt STttagoi

oc

10 oiTO TOivzoLVT syga^svoL

'll qrirqa rolg ^HXelotg ttal xoig

'Hq-

ttQXOL 5' oiv xovxl.

El

ds xi SioL

li'ts

snog nis

tQyov, avvBtev av aXXr^Xoig, xa xs ctXXa xcd ns-

gt TioXiiioV

el

ds

fxr]

avvuBV, xaXaviov av
/Jii

agyvgov anoxivoitv xm

'OXvf^ntco

xm xaxaxa yt-

ded^XrjfiivM XxQsv6fiSvov.

El ds

xig

gdf/fiaxa xavil xaiadijXolxo,

ti'is sxrjg si'xs

EXsaxijg sVxs d^f^og iaxi, eg)isQ(l(o

av ivsx-

10

oixo

Tw ivxav&a

ysyga/jfisva).

siog,

Line 1. sgFaoioa, dat. plur. from egFaoioa, ^olic hr'Ugaand that for the common '^Jjgaisvg, derived from 'Hgala,

Hercsa, a crty of Arcadia. 2. avv(xaxia, for avfxfiaxla. 3. xol seems to be the demonstrative to strengthened by /, after the analogy of xovxl, xodl, (for xovxdl', xodtt.) Boeckh accents xol'. See xai, below. 4. aXaXoia, for aXXdXoig-, that is, aXk^Xoig. Compare Fagyov for nag, for nsg', ntgl. aX, for aXX', aXXa.

I'gyov.

6.

di, for

Ju, contracted.

oXwnioi,

for 'oXvftnia.

xadaXsfisvot, for icaddaXrjfiEvco, yaxa-ds8TjXrjfj.svm, passively,

xaxadt}XsofxL.

from

For the omission of the reduplication compare vorjfiai, 7TolT]fiai, JEolic, for vsvorjfiai, nsnoirjixai, in the Etymologicum Magnum. 7. ygacpsa, implying nom. sing, ygdcpogt

analogy of ngayog from ngdoaia (llPA8. Tttf, to be divided rat, the plural of rot (line 3), rsi), like xavxl (for xavxca) for xovxo. yadrjXsoixo, for KuddT^Xioixo,
ygd(f(a,

from

after the

connected vi'ith iifitgsla, in 10. xoivxavx, that is, xm 'vxavx\ xm ivxavxa. Here t<a does not drop i. 10. syga^svoi, for sygafifisvoi, and that for ys^gaf/fiivM. Compare s^Xdoxrjya, fygafifisvm, i'yXvfjfiai, iyXc^xxiafiai, I'yganxai (Oppian. Cyneg. 3, 472), ixX-^iOfiai, ifivrjfiovsvica, eigocpa, enaXXiXoyrix-o (Herod. 1, 118), i^irixdvMxo {Hippocr. de Art. 22). In this inscription, the aspirate is not used ; thus a, sgFaoioia, sxaxor, for Ha, HsgFaoioia, Hsxaxov.
(eaxl).

Hesychius.
Kttxadi]X(oixo.

xsXsaxa, old for xsXsaxrig.

is,

9.

svx, for

ivx\ svxl

eniagoi, that

enidgay,

Hiagog

%ag7tT/0Gi ffiag(oa)

agi00TodaiiO(


374
APPENDIX
lotQog XaqoTiivog, Iciqog laQog Xagonivog, lagog
I.

/tninmnfiniine^. Agiaa%68a^og.

Line
ntvog.

1.

Hiagog, for Isgog. j^a^oTivoa, 2. aQLoaroda^oa, with aa.

a mistake

for ;^a^o-

16.

Hiagov
Toi 8l

o Seivoiisveoa

xai TOL dvgaxooioL

Tvgav ano xv^aa

^vgaxoaioi

'idgav 6 JsLVO^iviog
xtti

Toi

Tw Jl Tvggdv ano Kvfiag.

Line

1.

iliagov, for 'ligav.

3. 5t,

contracted from Jd.

o,

without the aspirate H.

jvgavy
for

Tvggrjv, that

is,

Tvggrivdy sc. anvXa.

agxsvsoa toS edisasv

Bdrea svyva

Ho
....

8oi ayoid'o xac

l4gxivs(ag to5' tOTi^asv

Batrja^
<Jw

iyyvg 6-

dya&ov xal ....

eyyvg.

Line
iyyvg
'

2.

tvyvo',

for

Hodoi,
25.

odb),

depending upon

near the road*

.... lo&akoa o TtoXa .... ^ ^oLOTLoa a^a tgxoii{svo)

vTtarodogoa agia(SToy(^eLTOv)
iitosdaTav d'e^aio
.... lo&aXog
Bomxiog
6

UoXa ....
'

el ^Egxofievov

'Tnaxodrngog 'AgLaaxoyihtiv
inorjadxaVf Oij^alo).

ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS.

275

Line 2. sx^^ ^^^ ^^^ common it 3. vnatodogog, without the aspirate H. 4. inorjadiciv, aor. agiaaxoysnov, with aa. 3 dual, Doric, for the common inorjavcTrjv.

29.
'cagy(jEVF)oL

avs&ev toi diFi tov ciogtv&o&ev

tm JlI jav Kogiv&o&sv.

lagyttoi avsd^sv tw ^il tmv Kogivd^o&ev,

ol ^Agyeioi> avid^saav

Here
Tugy
.
. .

It is not certain that TagysiFoi stands for rot ^Agyuot. OL was jagyuYoi, with the digamma. Still we may

safely suppose that the original form of ^Agyuog was Agysi^ogy hence the Latin Argivi. avs&ev, 2 aor. 3 plur. for avi&saav.

diFt,

^AE
fied

the dative of A12:. The original form of Zsvg was By dropping 2, and changing into i, we obtain F-2'.
;
'

A I F^,

hence At Pi, in this inscription becomes AI^, hence Aiog, Ady Ala
^

this

nominative modi-

also Latin Dies-piter,

Dis, divus, deus^ dium. By dropping A, we have :Si6g, 0s6g. Further modifications, Ztjv, Jupiter Jovis. The root of the oblique cases of Jupiter is Jov, which in Greek letters would be /0F> strikingly resembling the Hebrew n*)j^^.

30.
tsVOS oXvVTtLO
Zrivog "OXvfiniov.

XMiX

31.
Qototf iia Ttoeas
Kotog
fis

....

norjas

37.
ds^srac tov Hogq,ov
ds^nai JOV ogxov.

39.

sao ave&ijxsv
.
.

a^a

oacot totz

okkcDVL

276

>^

APPENDIX

I.

iag avi&rjXEV
. .

ClfiCt

^WO) 7M71-

Line

3.

TwnoXXtoii,

by crasis

for

xw

'j^jicXXavi.
is

It is in
;

the Ionic dialect. The character // here the character Ji stands for O long.

not a breathing

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

'n'iH

76.
(About B. C. 416.)

(s8)o%(jv TEL

^oXet xai

xoi

dsfxoc

ycsxgoTZLci

STigviavevs ^vaad'eoaa s
(y)gafifiaTSve avTisid^sa eTtsaxais ycaXXiaa
bltzs

anodovaL xoia

d-soia

(T)a /pf^ara xa

ocpskoixsva

7tt3e

xei

ads

vataL xa xgLd^tkLa TaAarT(a)

avsvBvsyytxai
(S^LOLxoa

sa

noXiv

Ha

scpascpiaxo

vofii

Heix8{a)7to a7io8i(^8)
^^gsf^iaxov

5 (o)voLi 8s ano xov

ea

a7io8ooiv

eaxLv xoLO Oeoia ecposcpian^s)

va,

xa

xs

naga
a

xoia }.ksvoxafiiaiG ovxa vvv

xoLi xaXkcf,

saxt xovxov (t)

ov ;^gfiaxov xac xa sx xea 8xaxa B7tei8av

ngadei loyiaaodov 8s H(o)

(l

X)oyLaxat

Hoa

xgtaxovxa

Hoivsgvvv xa
^oXs avxoxga

ocpsXoixsva XOLO Bsolc aycg(i)

a avvayoysa 8(s) xoX Xoyiclxov xog saxo ano8ovxov (8s x)

10 a xgs^axa Hot ngvxavsa (isxa xsa ^oXsa xai

sxoaXsLcpovxov S7ti(8av)

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

277

ano^odiv ^eiscfavTSd xa is nivaxia xai ra ygajx

fiaisia xuL
safjL 7t(o

aX)
ajtocpULvovTOv ds

Xodt

ytyga^ixsva

la ye

ygaix(xsva

at

m% Hot rs Hug(ta x) Hoi Hugonoioi xat si ria aXXoa oiSsv la

^laa ds a7toxva[xsv(iv to)

viov Tov xgs[iaTov Horafi nsg
rati aX},aa

%aa xaOansg roa tov Hi

15

i^iaju^y^

ag

H TOV Tsa adsvaiaa

[jLoi

Hovroi

ds jafiisvovTov

sfi

TtoXsi sv Toi 07tiad(o8o)

ja TOV Osov /^6^0Mra

\^v

Haca
^^^.^r

dvvaTov xai

oaiov xai ovvavoiyov

TOV xai avyxXsiovTOv

xai ovas^aivsaQo

ratf

Ovgaa to

OTtidOodofjio

V Toio TOV Tsa adsvaiaa Ta^iiaia

naga

Ss tov

vvv Ta^iov xai tov i snio TaTov xai tov Hugonoiov tov sv TOia Hugo noia Hoi vvv 8Laxsgilo{ai) ^^^,4,^;.
;

20 V ajtagiOfisaaodov xai anoadsdaodov

jwara svavTiov Tsa PoX(s)

toc

x9^

(s)iA,

noXsi xai nagadsxciaadov

Hot

Tafjuat

Hot Xa^ovTsa naga tov vv(v)

agxovTov xat sv ctsXsi avaygacpaavTOv di(x)aia

navTa xad^

sxacfTov ts

TOV Osov ra xg^l^ccxa

Honooa

sdTiv sxacfTot xat

ovfiTtavTov xscpaXaio

V xogi(i TO TS agyvgiov xat to ^gvOf-ov xat to Xoiuov avaygacpovTov

25

01 aisi Taixiai so arsXsv

xat Xoyov dibovxov tov

TS ovTOv ;^gsfxaTov

24

278

APPENDIX

I.

.^xai TOP Ttgoaiovxov joia d^sotcf xai sav avahaxerac xutu tov s
ir vtavTov Ttgod lod Xoyiaxaa

ri

a(v)

xaisvOvvaa
a\A
^lAt^iiviv

didov

TOV xat ix TtavaOavai

A
i

(o)v 86 TiavaOsvata toX Xoyov SlSovtov

Ttsg

xada

Hot Ta

Tsa adevaiaGi T(a)

de aisXaa ev aid ava-ygatpctoat

([jLi)6vovTa

xaa

la xgs[xaTa ra

Hug (a
Hot

tl)

30

{d'ev)xov

sfi TtoXsi

jafxtuL eneiBav da
?i

ano

dedofieva

sl

tolo Osoia (la)

^%

hs

(;^^)f^aTa sd to veogiov xai ra tbl^e TOcd ne

giodL xgsddai ^gs^iad^Lv)
*'dotsv
jj]
.

/SovXf]

xai tw 5ij^(o

'

Ksxgonlg iTrgvTavsvs, Mvri~

ald^Boq i-

ygufifiUTSvs,

HvTisl&ijq

insaiaTSiy

KaXUag dns
tj]

'

uTtodovvai

ToTg ^solg
IOC ;^^7?'|uaTa
'"

tw ocpsdofisvcc, insid^

'A&tjvala i xgiaxlha

Takavioi

avivriviyxim

ig

noXiv

iip^qiiaio

t'o^lafiatog

rj^idanov'

ovcti

ds

ano xwv

xgrjfiuTOiV

ig

anodouiv iaiiv xoig

d^toXg

i^rjcpiafis-

va, xd XE

naga

xoig 'EXXrivoxa^laig ovxa vvv xai xaXXa

a iaxi

XOVKOV X^j.',

cjv ;f^7j^aTw',

xat xa ix

xrjg dsxaxrjg, iTieidav

Ttga&jj

'

Xoyiad-

a&biv ds 0I

Xoyiaxal IJog xgidxovxa

Iloivsgvvv xd ocpnXo^iua
^ovXtj

xoig

&eo7g

'

axgi-

g avvayiayrjg dt xojv

XoyiaxSv

i)

avxoxgdxag

saxto

duo-

dovtav ds X^

10 a XQW^^^
insiddv

Txgvxdvsig

fisxd

xrjg

^ovXrjg

xai i^aXsicpovxcov

djiodijoatv ^tjx^aavxeg

xd

xs

nivdxia xai xd ygajjf^axsla xai idv

nov dX-

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.
Xo&i
Tj

279
yfygnfi^iva
oX ts

ysyga^fiiva* aTioifmvovKov ds

rot

ae oi UgoTtoiol yal si Tig akXog cildev

'

rafilag ds anoxvaficvtiv

TO-

VTWV

Ttav XQ'']fJi'OiTav

oTav

TiSQ

Tag aXXag ag^oiS

aa&ansQ rovg
tm

TOV Hi
15 // TOV T^g 'A&rjvalag' ovroi
OTTia&odofico Tct

ds TafiisvovTOJV iv noXei iv

TMV &SOJV

xQ'^fJ^otTa

oaa dvvarov xal ooiov,

kocI

avvavoi-

yovToov xltl GvyxXsiovTtov Tttf ^VQtxg

TOV onia&odofiov xal avari-

(j,mvEa&(o-

V Tolg Twv

TTfg

'A&ijvalag

Ttxiiiaig

'

xai Twv enia-

naga ds rav vvy Ta^mv '^ m'^t^H^

TaTMV xal Twv Uqotioimv twv

XBiqI^ovgi-

iv ToXg

Hisgonoig

6i vvv dia-

20

V (xnaQi&fzijada&cov xat aTtoaTtjaaa&av t xgi^fiaTa ivavrlov

Trig

^ovXij-

g iv TioXsi,

xal nagadB^da&cav oi

Toifilai oi

XaxovTsg notga twv

vvv
agxovToaVf

xal iv
Tfi

ar^Xj]

avaygaipavrav dlxaia navTUf xa&*

exaoTov

Twv S^ewv

Ttt ;|f^jj/uTa

onoaa

ioTiv

sxdoTM xal av^ndvTiav

xBcpdXaiov,

xo^gh 10 TS agyvgiov xal to xgvolov

cpovitav

xat to

Xomov dvayga-

25

oi

aid

Tafilat

ig

ari^XvjVj

xal Xoyov didovitov twv ts ovtcov

Xgri(xdT(av

xal Twv ngoaiovTfov lolg &so7g, xal idv ti dvaXlaxrjrai xaia

TOV iviaVTOv,

ngog Tovg Xoyiardg, xal sv&vvag didovKov, xal ix

Uttva&Tjvai(av

ig

nava&T^vaia tov Xoyov didovTWV^ xa&dneg

ra-

oi

Ttjg

Idd^ijvaiag

^uvovTsg

'

Tag de ai^Xag iv alg dvaygdtfjovat t

xQW^^^
tj

tw

hgd

Ti-

30 divTWV

iv

noXu

oi Tafilai

insiddv ds dnodsdofiiva

Totg

S^eolg Ttt

-wu

280
XQrifiaxa,
ig

APPENDIX

I.

to vbwqiov xat t tsIxi] Tolg negiovai XQV^^^''

Xgri^otoiv.

Line

1.

(5o|v

eXXsvototfiiaia, with5, 6. a, without the aspirate, for Ha. 9. s, for 8. axQia, a mistake for axgia. out the aspirate. 17. avoifiaivsa^ov, for avaas^aivsa&ov, comlis, that is, ^. 20. anoadEa&aa^ov, a mistake pounded of auy and arjfialvw.

for fivsaid^soa.

before a consonant.
4.

fiviai^^oaa, a

mistake

uvsvi^vsyxTai,

for

the

for

^joy.

x^ anoatsaaa&ov. without
22.

common

avsv^vsxrai.

f xaarov,

for the

modern

}ta&' I'xa-

23. exaaioi,

the aspirate, for Ilsxaaroi,

29.

aia, for IJaia.

147.
(About B. C. 408.)

adsvaioL

aveXoaav stzl yXavxinnov ag/ovTOs xac S7ti TBd ^oXsm st TcXeysvsa HaXauva
ngo(Toa)

eyga^^ajBVB jafiiat Hugoy xQ^fxarov xsa ads vaiaa TcaXXiaTgaxoa ixagaOovtoa Tcai x^^ vag%o(v)
Tftf

nagsdoaav ex rov
Ssfio
7ti

STtsrstov (pcfsipKfafiSvo

TO

Tftf

aiavTidoa

Ttgorsd

ngvza

vBvodsa He(XX
e^voTai^uaid

nagedoOe xaXXifia^oi Hayvoatoi

ixagui

ngaatieXiSsc

HimtoKS
Tscf

aiioa sdods

adsvaiaa noX^ia)
5 3oa ....
vtxscK

.... sni

atystSoa dsvrsgaa

TcgvxavBvoasa aOXoOejaia nagsS^o) & ea TtoLvadsvaia ra fisyaXa (piXovi

BevaisL

xv8a

xai avvag^oaiv aOevaiaa nohados

HisgoTfotoLO xax (f)

....

viavTov SivkXoL Hsg/isi xat ovvag^oaiv bo tbv

BXaXOfX^BV ....
B71L

TBCf

OLVBldod XgiTBd TtgV

xav(B)

voaBd

IlBXXBvoxafiiaia

nagBdods

rcBgixXBi ;^o

ATTIC

28Y

Xagysi
Os

ycai

avvag^oaiv HntTtoia aiToa edo

STsgov
(SLT06

TOi(S

Hntnoia sSods .... BTsgov TOia OLVTOid HsXXs

avxoia HeXXsvoiaiiiaKS

voTUfiia^ia)

10 HsgiiovL adods ag^ovji sa nvkov .... ersgov

-.

Tota avTOKJ eX^evoraijiiaKf

scf

Tv dio^sXiav

....
''iV
'

STtL Tscf

ax
TtsgixXsi

a^iavTidoa zejagTsa ngvTavsvoasa HslXsvora

liiaid

TtagsSods
a(i)

xoXagysi xat

av

vag%odiv
10(5

HinnoLd eSods .... srsgov row avxoia HsXXevoTa^Laia sci rsv dio^ahav s8o6s ....
T(f)

7Ct

o xsxgoTttdoa nsfinrsa ngvTavsvoasci HsXXsvo

Tafiiaid Ttagsdods nsgixXst ^oXagysi xat

av

vagxoaiv s(a)
Tsv dio^sXtav

....

7tL

Tsa ksovTidoa Hextbs

ngvravevoasa Tgtrst s^agai rsa ngvTaveiaa

15 eXXsvoxaiiiaia Ttagsdods Siovvaioi xvSadsvaist.
Tcat

avvag^oaiv .... svaxsi xsa ngvxavs^i)

aa HsXXsvoxa^iaia d'gaaovi ^ovxaBsi xat

agxoaiv .... HsvBsxaxsi xsa ngvxavsiaa

aw
Hs

XXsvoxa^iaia nagsSods ngo^asvot a(pidvaioi xai

avvag^oaiv axgaxsyoi s/a sgsxgiaa svxXstdst

avo^ioXoy
siia
v.^^.,;,.

.... xgixsi xat Ssxaxet rsa ngvxavstaa HsXXsv ox agitata nsgtxXst ^oXagyst xat av
vag%oaiv
'""^^^
v>"M&ii\ t r^liJmEl" t)
,-

^'.ii^i

oydost xat stxoaxst xsa ngvxavstaa

HsXX

24*

:.>:,^^

APPENDIX
V0TafitaLc(

I,

dTtovdiai

q)XvH

xai

avvag)^o

61V

....

20 .... TgiaxodTei

ts(S ngviavsiaa xa s/ aa^io a vo^oXoysde HeXkevoTafiiai avaixLoi a^sTTtoL XUL TtagsSgoi (jt)

oXvagaxoi ^oXagyec .... sni Tsa avxioxtdos s ^dofiss ngvtavsvoasd TtefiTtrsi zed ngvxavHa
a 7tag8(o)
i^-

d'B dLovvcftoi

xvSadsvaLst xat avvag/oatv sa xsv

e^doiisL xscf
Uyv^
scf

Sio^shav ....
XXsvoxufjitaca

ngvxavuaa Hs
xev Sio^eXiav

'd'g(ci)

aovL l^ovxadsi xat ovvag^oaiv

....

xL avxsc

sfisgat

HeXXev ox aetata (paX

avdoL (a)
XoTTsxedav xai avvag^o^iv
10

imH^xxH

xai dsxaxec xed

axov Hinnoic .... Ttgvxavstaa HeXXsvo

.... xsxagxei x

xafiLaia 7tgo(%(i)

25

voc acpidvaioL xai avvag^oaiv

at BLxoaxu xea ngyxaveiaa HsXksvoxafjLLata

V7tok(L8l
(pidvaLOL xai

a)
ovvag^oaiv .... B^dofiBt xai ixo
HXXvoxa^tat(y

axt x(S 7tgvxavLaa

xaXh

at VOVV^(jl x) at avvagxoaiv

....

7tL

x0

Hntnodoovxidoa

oyboa 7tgvxavvoGia dodxaxL xa 7igvxav

tad HX(Xvo)
xafiiaia 7tag8od 7tgoxavoi afiSvatot xat

aw

agxodtv

xxagxL xai Lxo6xl xd 7tgv(xa)

vtiaa HXXvoxaiiLaLa dod BiovvdioL xvda6v

AvTi

?atft

xai ovvagxodiv 4m9

^w Hexxei

xai xgiax

oa(xi)

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

283

30

Tftf

TtQVTavHad HeXXevoiaixtata edods d-gaaovt

poviaSet xai avvagxoaiv .... eni xea sgsx

esid(oa)

svuTSd ngviavevoded Sodsxaisi

Tftf

ngviavsLaa

HeXlsvoTafiiat(f sSode ngo^^asvoi acpLdvaioi x

at (Svvagxodiv

.... a

....

TgiTSi Tcat stxoaxsL xsa Tigviavsiad

HsXXs

vojafiiaia edoOe diovvaioc xvdaOevaiei xat a

vvagxo6Lv ....

.... HexTSi xat

ci(vv

rgtaxoarsi

Tscf

ngviavEiaa

eXXevoTa[xiai(i sSoOs

dgadovi ^ovTaSsi

;cat

agxo6L)v .... BXTBL xai rgiaxocdsL Tsa ngvja

vsiaa
TOL

sx aa^o avofio}.oyeaa(To)

fi

35 .... (a)TgaTyoL<s sa aa(xot 8sx(^txgaTst ayi'ki naCLcpovTi (pgsaggioL .... agidxox ft ...
.

ga(Ti)

....

.... EvovviiEL .... vLxsgazot xv8avTLdsL Tgug .gag .... ag^ot .... agtcfTocpavei ava
. .
.

....

711

Ted TtavdiovLdod dsxaxect Ttgviavsvoas

sXlsvo^Taiitaid

a svdsxarsL xea ngviavstaa

sdods) 7tgo{x^
svoi acpidvacoL)

xai avvag/ocsiv .... xgLTSi x

at SLxoarst xsa

ngvxavHaa

HsX}.v(oxaiiiaL

.... xai (Svvagxodiv .... sxxu xai xgiaxoax

.... 40 .... xat avvagx)o6Lv .... x(paXawv agyv

1

xsa 7tgvxavLac( HX(Xyoxa[iLaid

gio (Svintoiv

284
A&rjV(x7oL
Xrjg
fj

APPENDIX

I.

i'

av^Xwaav inl rkavxiTiTtov

ctgx^^'^og

xou inl rrjg (Sov-

KXeiyiv fjg 'AXaiBvg ngoiTog

'^^'S

iyQa^fidievs, racial Ugojv XQW^^^^'*'

xog MaQcc&wviog xat ^vvaQX^vTsg
5fi

'A&rivalag KaXXiatqa-

naqidoaav ex

toov

insTsloiv,

i/jtjcpiacxiisvov

tov d^fxov.

Enl

3*5

tr^g

Aiavxidog nQoitrjg ngvTavsvovarjg

'^EXX-

r)voTa{iloiig

nagsdo&i] KaXXifidxM 'Ayvovalta, UQaaiisXddr] '/xa-

gul, Xnnoig acTog ido&r], 'A&rjvaiag JloXid-

dog .... NlxTjg .... 'Enl

atjg

tijg

Alytjldog dsviigag ngvravsvov-

"A&Xo&ETaig nagedo-

&ri ig JJava&i^vaia id (xsydXa 0lX(ovi Kvdad^rjvatu y.al avvdgTl.

?3

xovaiv, 'Ad-rivalag UoXiddog .... iegonoiolg xt' iig jtjv exaTOfi^rjv

vtavTov AivXXco 'Eg%Lsl xai avvdgxovaiv

....

Enl

Trjg

Olvrjidog Tgnrjg ngvTUVs-

vovatjg 'EXXrfVOTd^laig nocgsdo&t], IlsgLxXsl

XoXagyel xal avvdg-

XOVoiVf Xnnoig alrog ido&r) ....

"Exsgov Toig avxotg 'EXXrjvoxcc^laig, Xnnoig alxog ido&t] ....

"Exegov xotg avxotg 'EXXrjvoxafiiaig,

10

"EgfiMvi ido&rj agxovxi ig IlvXov .... "Exsgov xotg

voxafilaig ig jtjV dioi^eXlav ....

amolg

'EXXtj-

Enl

xijg

Axnagsdo&tjy

afiavxidog xsxdgxr^g

ngvxavsvovaijg 'EXXrjvoxafilaig

JlsgixXsl XoXagyst xal ovvdgxovaiVy dl-

tog

Xnnoig ido&rj .... ^'Extgov xdlg avxotg 'EXXrivoxafilaig ig

ido&rj ....

xtjv dico^sXlav

Enl

xrj-

Kexgonidog
S^T],

nifxnxtjg ngvxavsvovarjg, 'EXXrjvoxa^iaig

nagedo^

IJegixXsl

XoXagysl xal avvdgxovaiv

ig Exxr]g

tfjv

dioi^sXlav .... 'Enl xrjg Asovxidog

ngvxavsvovarjg,

xglxji rifiEga xr^g

ngvxavslag,

15

'EXXr}voxafilaig nagsdo&r], Aiovvalto Kvda&rjvaiEl xal

avvdgxov-

aiv .... EvdxTj xrjg ngvxavsi-

ag 'EXXrjvoxafilaig Ogdacovi Bovxddrj xal avvdgxovaiv ....

dsxdxfj x^g
XXrjvoxafilaig

^fcV-

ngvxavdag
nagedo&rjj

'j&-

ngoUvoi

'A(pidvatoj

xal

avvdgxovaiv^

axgaxrjym i^ Egixglag EvxXddj] avo(ioX6y7}^a

....

TglxT]

xal

dsxdxr]

xrjg

ngvxavdag

'EXXrjvoxafilaig

UfgixXd XoXagyst xal avvdgxovaiv ....

.... 'Oydorj xal
dia
fl>XvsX

sixoaxjj xrjg

ngvxaveiag ^EXXrjvoxafilaig 2nov-

xal avvdgxovaiv ....

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

266

20

TQtaxoatrj

irjg

ngviavslag

toc

ex 2'dfiov avotfioXoyr^&ri 'EXXtjvo-

tufxla 'AvocitIo) 2'q)rjTxl(o xal nagedgco

H^d6fj.7jg

oXvagaTM XoXagyst.
ajj?,
S^ri

Em

Trjg

AvxioxlSog

ngvTavsvov-

Ttiumji T^? Tigviavtlag, nagedo-

Jiovvaico Kv8a&Tjvaisl xal

. . .

avvdgxovaiv

ig

t^v dKa/SsXiav

'jE^dofiij Trjg

ngvtavilag

'EXXrjvoiotiulaig
ig Ttjv diOi^tXlav

Ogd....
Tf^ avtjj

amvi Bovtudr} xal avvdg%ovaiv

ri^iga 'EXXfjVOTafxlaig <Paldvd^(o ^AX(ansx7j&sv xal avvdgxovaiv, dliov Xnnoig .... "Exttj xal dsxd-

ip

T7}g

ngviavsiag 'EXXijvoTa^laig Ilgo^ixal avvdgxovaiv ....

TBjdgxrj xal
slxoaTJj trig

25

via 'Aq)idvai(o

ngvTavsiag

'EXXrjvotafjilaig EvTioXidi 'ATijg

(fiSvalm xal avvdgxovaiv .... 'E^dofii] xal slxoaTJi

vtlag 'EXXrjvoiafxlaig

ngvTa-

KaXXia
irjg

Eixavvfiel x

at avvdgxovaiv .... 'Enl

'limod^oovjidog oydorig TtgvTavsv-

ovaijg, dojdsxdiT] rrjg ngvTavelag, 'EXXrivo-

tafiiaig

nagedo&r) Ugo^ivco 'Aqiidvaiio

Tfjg

xal avvdgxovaiv ....

TeidgTr] xal sIxoot^

ngvxaJiovvalb) Kvbadi]vaiu xal avvdg-

vslag 'EXXrjVOTa^laig iddd^fj

xovaiv .... "Extt] xal Tgiaxoatfj

30

tijg

ngvxavdag

'EXXrjvoxafxtaig ido&i]
xijg

Ogdawvi Bovxddrj

xal

avvdgxovaiv .... *Enl

'Egsx^V^^og

ivdxrjg ngvxavBVovarjg, dudBxdxj] xrjg

ngvxavdagy

'EXXijvoxafilaig

ido&f] Ugo^evM ^Acpibvaita xal avvdgxovaiv ....

....

Tglxri

xal sixoaxfj

xtjg

ngvxavdag

'EXXtivotafiiaig ido&rj

Aiovvaia Kvdad^tivaiii xal avvdgxovaiv ....

....

'^'Exxri

xal xgiaxoax^

rrjg

ngvxaveiag 'EXXtjVoxa^laig ido&t)

Ogdacjvi Bovxadrj xal avv-

dgxovaiv .... "Exxt] xal tgiaxoaxj]

fiov

xrjg

Tigvxavsiag xd ix

2d-

dvaftoXoy^aaxo .... (la ....

axgaxriyolg iv 2'dfiM, Je^ixgdxsi 'AyiXiel .... IIaaiq)uvxt

35

...

^gsaggla .... ^Agiaxoxgdxu ....

.... Evoivvfiu .... Nixrjgdxa
^Agiaxocpdvsi

Kvdavxidj]

rgirjgdgxM

Ava .... ^a^ ....

Ilavdiovldog dexdxT}g ngvxavEVOvarjgi evdexaxTj
trjg

Enl

Trig

Ttgvxavdag, 'EXXrjvoxafilaig ido&t] Hgo^iv(o

'Aq)idvai(o

xal avvdgxovaiv .... Tglxi]

xal

Bixoaxfj

xijg

ngvxavdag, 'EXXrjVoxafilatg ....

APPENDIX

1.

..

xal avvoLQXovaiv .... ^'Emji xat TQittxoarjj

irjg

nqvxavdag

'^EkXfjvoTafilaig

....

40 ....

nal awdg/ovaiv .... KscpciXaiov ccgyvgiov avfinav ....

cte^oj',

14, 23. e^sgai, without 34. sx accfio, no doubt pro26. t^dofiei, nounced as one word, fxaa/xo, for ix 2afxov. 35. sa aawithout the aspirate. 34, 39. sxtsi, for IIextbi. 37. svdBxartLy for Ilsvdexani. fioi, for iv 2a^(a.
for

Line 9, &c.

the aspirate, for llf^tqai.

20,

IIet^qov.

158
Xeo agxovxod f^s^g
t

{A).

raSs STtga^av aiKpiycTvovsa a&rivaLov ano ;caA

TO d^agyqXicovoa [xr^vod to

sttl i7t7toda(jtavTO(S

agxovTod
ev driXoi 8s

ad'T^vr^dL

ano

BTCiysvoa

ag^ovToa

fisxgt

to

d'agyi^XLcovoa firivoa

TO

S7ti iTtTtio

ag^ovTod xgovov oaov exadTOcf av

Tcov rigxsv oca Bio

5 dcogod oXv^TtLodogo dxaix^coviSria syganiiaTSvev

ano

x<^g^(^OLvdg

o agxovTOct idLOTrfd d'eoysvod

axagvevd

fis^gt

TO sxaTO^^atcovo

fzrivod

TO

em

innodafiavTOd ag^ovTod dodiy

svrjd dcodtaSo

^vns

Taiov sviavTov

em

xalXso ag^ovTod sntysvi^^s

fi,)TayV0S X xo
iXrid
, ,
,

avTLfia^od sv&vvo fiagad'coviod

,

ga

d iievEdxgaxo

10 aXXrivsvd aids tov noXecov .... toxo ansBo^d)

av
loi
, ,

iivxoviOL
,

.... dvg
....
xBioL

TTivioi

....

degicpioi

....

dicpvioi

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.
\

QST'

....

irjrai

.... oivaioi | lytago ....

....
;co

d'egiiaioi f| lycago

Trapa xav nokscov

.... ....

{7ce)(paXaLov to

.... oi(8)e
agLazo
15 (v)
driXioa

Tcov idia^Tov) to

t(o)xo ajiedoaav

vjtsg

ajtokXodogo 8^X10 ....

tvc?

.... aaa

BrfXioa vjtsg
dr^Xiots Slc.

yXavxsTO drfho .... vipoxXsr^a

Tads sTiQa^av
*Afi(pixivovsg 'A^rjvalav

ano KaXXsov aQXOVTog

jov

&agyrjXi(jjvog

fitivog

tov inl

Innoday.aviog

ciQXOVTog

iv

J^Xm
lxr}vog

ds

ano ^Eniyevovg agx^vtog

^bxqi>

tov d^agyrjXiavog

tov inl 'innlov ag^oviog, %g6vov oaov Enaarog aviav

olg /I16-

rjgxfv,

5 dagog

^OXvfAniodoi^ov

^tttxfi^wvidrig eygafifidtixieVf

otTio

Xa-

giaavOgov agxovTog iSKottjg Osoyivovg 'Axotgvivg (isxgv tov kxatofi-

^amvog
fiijvog

tov inl 'innodufiavtog agxovtog, 2(oaiyivrjg Zoaaid-

dov Avnstaiwv iviavtov inl KoiXXsov agxovtog' ^Eniyivi^g Mstayivovg

ix
IXrig,

Ko^Avtlfxaxog Evd^vvov

vi^^xl'

Magad^wviog

..'.

ga

....,.,

qr

Me-

vsatgdtov 77.

10

aXXrjvsvg*

A'lSs

tuv noXsav .... toxov ansdoaav

....

Mvx6~

viot
lOL

.... 2^vg^
I'Tjvioi

....

KuoL ....

Ssglcpioi

.... 2l(fVioi

....

'ir^tai

.... Olvuloi
e|

i^ 'ixagov

....

.... OegfialoL

'ixdgov .... xzq>dXaiov toxov

nagd tuv

noXtav ....
.... 0X8s tuv iditotav tov toxov dntSoaav
*

^Aglatof

15 V

AriXiog

vnkg

'AnoXXodcogov

ArjXiov ....

tva ....

fWff

A^Xiog vnig
rXttVXbtov Ar^Xiov
.

TtpoxXitjg A^Xiog, &-.

APPENDIX

I.

158
aids xcDv
jT^ci

(B).
sSet

noXsov to to(x)o ov

aviaa

stcl

rffxsTsgaa
.

ag^riG anodovat .... vsX

no

xai ox aneBo6
dvgioi ....

av
V 5

Tcov TSTTagco

STCDV xeioL
aicpvLoi

....
....

fivxovioi
TT^vLoi

....

....
A

....

Segfiaco

f| ixago

....

Tcagioi

....

oivaioL f| ixago

....
TOV

aide TCOV noXscov tov toxov ox ansdoGav

S7tl TTl

a ri^eTsgaa agxr^a TTTa(g)c)v btov

TCOV adf^vr^ac

mi

agxov-

xakXso ^agtaavdgo iTcnoSaiiavToa dcoxgaTido sv

driXoL
'i

de STtiyevoa TtaXaioVknio nvggdtOd &c.

jXds Twv noXsMV TOV
agx^ig
toTtov ov edsi

aviag Inl t^? ^^STsgag

anodovvaL

, . ,

veX

no

xal ovx anidoaav rmv tsttoc'

hav

KBioh .... Mvaovioi .... 2vqioi, ....

Ti]vioi

.... 2l<pnoi ....

.... Oeqiicuos^

$ 'ixaQOV

.... ndgioi .... Olvaioi

Ixdgov
tij-

.... Aids Twv noXsojv tov toxov ovx anidoaav tov inl
g ri^BTtqag agxrig tsttuqcov iitav inl aq^ovTUiv A&r}vi]aL
'

KalXioVf XaQiadvdgov, 'innoda^avTog, SoiygaiLSov

X(a

'

iv Ji^-

o.
'

de *Eniyiyovg, JIaXatoVf 'innloVy Jlvggai&oVi fcc;

These two inscriptions were cut about B. C. 370, that is, about 30 years after Euclides, the archon. They contain all the letters of the new Attic alphabet. Observe, that O represents either o, or the diphthong ov.

.a-i^ ,%^A^tt> 'i.*?Uxo-j^\'

...

vi'3Ufi\ ^m^^f.*K:^

'

ATTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

170.
Inscriptio PotidcBa.

(About B. C. 430.)
'

ai^ava ....
asfxaiv

....
....
v7ts8;^(jaTO
(?o
. .

.,

xai Ttgoyo ....

VL-HBV SVTtolSfl

.^^
.

aid'sg

fisfi (pavxoLci

.*.

Tovds 7toTL8aiaci

aixcpi

nvXaa eA

B^Ogov d

ot fiv s^ocL xacpo fxsgoa

HaXnid s&svj .... avdgaa ^iB^i noXia Hede nod^ei xat 5 \ 10 Ttgoa&s noTSidaiaa Hot d'OLvov [jl ng ggo .... Ttaidea aOsvatov (pav^^ad d av .... ^aavT agsTEv xat naj f, i t.^ vxX ....
Ti;^oa TiLOTOxaxav
.
.

vUfjv BvnoXifi ....

ttl&rjQ fisv ipvxag

vnsds^aio, ao

. .

v^

>*^^*

Y^
>

*'*'^^

Twy^fi UoTSidalag n^cpt

nvXag ^

. .

iX^QWV

d' oi

fih B^ovat

xdcfiov fiigog,

H
. , ,

T.\

thixog niaioxdirjv iknid^ e&svt

....
.

uvdgocg fih noXig ^ds

no&si xal 5

. . .

10 ngoa&B

Iloisidaiag oi S^dvov iv
'

ng

,^_l^.i

noudtg ^J^d^r^vamv

ipvxdg S' av .... gq

.... lavT dgsjriv ncu nax .... vaX ....

Line
7.
01,

5. vnedsxoono,

for Hoi.

iMnia

aspirate, for iXnid', iXnida. is a modification of the original fsXnia. In one of

8.

without the aspirate, for Hvnsdsxaato.

HsXmd, with the

the later inscriptions

we

find acprjXniafisva, for dnriXTtia^ivwy

from dnEXnl^o)

HEAniZO.

implying eXnl^w, old orthography (See Gruter's Corp. Inscript. p. lxxi.)

(7io, iXnl^ca),

290

APPENDIX

I.

BCEOTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

1504.
d'toa
.

'

TLOvxoLV

ayadav aXsva
8a

cx>Q

XovToa sdo^s TV dafjLv {g)

^ofjLSviov ayeSixov

-'p-

(pLxao rfoXsia ait

aXs^av
sifiev (x)
t(^g)

5 Sgscaa ngo^Bviov
71

evBgysxav jaa noXioa

^ofxsvLCDv xri

avTOv

tct^

^ci{y)

ovos
(xrf)

ytri

sifxsv

avrv yad
xrj

Fvxiaa sitaaiv
ycq

aacpaXi

10 (av)
ri

a(x)shav

xr^

aaovXia(v x)

;<aTa

yav

xtf xaxcx, daXa,x(TcC)

xri TtoXsfjia) xri xri

{ig)a(ya)a Lo{a)

ad

^^ aXXa onoxra
(xri)

xva aXXva ngo^evva

15 svegyBxi^a,
Osog
Tv/riv

ay a&T^v.

'AXsva ag-

XOVTog tdo^e tm di^fia ^qXO}itvl(av

AyidLxov /la'u4XE^av-

q>ljov

Aiolia an'

5 dgsiag

ttqo^svov slvul x-

ai Evsgyhriv Trjg nohcog 'EqXOfiBvlcov ical

avxov xat iay-

ovovgf Hal uvai

amm

yijg

xal oixlag

maaiv

xt aacpdXsi-

10 av xa* aTiXnav xal aavXiav xttl

xaia

yrjv xal

xaxa ^ukaTia-

B(EOTIC INSCRIPTIONS.
V xal TToXifiov Kul
arjg, xctl

291

siQiivijg

ov-

t alia onoaa

xotg aXXoig ngo^ivoig xal

15

ivegyiTttig.

(6)so(y tvxol{v
otf

8a^o) otb

(At)

ag^ovTod s8o^e
^oicDTov xai svs

TOi 8a[ioi Ttgo^Bvov

sifJLSv

5 gysxav va^av a|t

ov^cD xag^^adoviov xai
eiixsv

Fot

yoL<s

xai FOLxia

6 STtadiv xat axaXiav

xai adovXiav xat xayyav

10 xat xaTi^'aAaTTav xai

noXs^o

Tcai

igavact laaas

(/3)

OLOTagxiovTov ....
Otog jvxr)v JafioxiX^
ovg aqxovTog ido^s

Tw

drjfico

Ttgo^svov

uvai BoKoxmv ncu ivt-

5 gyhfiv N(a^av ^Ahov^ov Kagxv^onov, xal

eival oi yrjg xal oixia-

g enaaiv xal atiXeiav

xal aavXiav xal xaxa yi^v

10 xal xata -d-dXaaaav xal

noXiiiov xal sig^vrjg ovai]g.

B-

oitoxagxovvxwv ....

APPENDIX

I.

1560.
Inscriptio Orchomenia.

d^vvagx(o ag^ovTos fiSLvos d's

iXovOia ag^iagos

sviisikcD xaiii

a? sv^cdXv

agx^^oLfj-cj

(poxsu XQ^

OS aitsdcoxa

ano rag aovyygafa

6 Tteda

Tcov noXsfzagxcov xtj tcov

xaiOTtracov aveXoixsvos xas

dovyygacpos xas
cpgova
xtf
zri

xi[A,vas

nag

sv

q)idiav Tcq Ttadixksiv

xi^oiieiXov (poxscas xr^ da(jio

xr^

10 TsXstv Xvaida^co

^kovvclov

xacptaoSogco xi^g^vua xolxto yja

dvvagxcD ag^ovzos [xsivos ocAaA

xo^evico Fagvcov noXvxXsios

15 xaiiias ansdaxs ev^aXv ag^s

Safxco

(poxeu ano xas avyygacpa)

TO xarakvnov xaxTo xpacpia^a

TO dafia avskofievos rag aovy

ygacpcos rag xifisvas

nag

acocpt
xrf

20 Xov

X7f

Bvcpgova (poxsias

nag

8iovvG>iov

xafidodoga x^gavH
xaTO

x-q

XvaiBa^iov 8a[iOT}.ios ns

da

TCOV noXaiiagxcov x-q tcov

nTacov

25 agxovTos sv sg^ofxevv d^vvag^co

fjiei

vos aXaXxoiievLo ev de FekaTiq ^a

BCEOTIC INSCRIPTIONS.

293
0^10

voLxao ag^sXao) fisivos Ttgaro

Xoya ev^cokv FsXarii^v

30 los nag ras

ycq t7^

noXi sg

XO^BVLcov bulBsl xsxofiidiri ev^a

TtoXios to Savstov
xed'SLctas

anav
dv

xuTias oiioXoyias rag

ovT
ocpeiXBTri

vag^G) ag^ovTos fieivos ObiXovBlo

Tiri

avxv

bti

ovOsv nag xav

noXiv aAA ans^^i navra

negi navTos

35

X7^

anoSedoavOt

tt^

noXi tv bxovtbs

xas onoXoyia? sl^sv noxi dedofis

vov xgovov Bv^aXv anivoinas FSTta

nsTtaga ^ovsctdt aovv

TLffs

mnva

diaxa

FixaxL ngo^arvs aovv riyvs ^bl

40

Xiris

ag/L

xco

;^povo o Bviavxos o ^iBxa

Ovvagxov ag^ovxa Bg^ofiBvivg ano ygaq)Bodri 8b bv^oXov xax svtavxov

Bxactxov

nag xov

xay^iav

Tcq

xov vofia

vav xa xB xavfiaxa xov ngo^axcov xtf 45 xav riyav xtf xav ^ovav xr^ xav mnav

xri

xa xLva ada^a

icovOi xr^

xo nXBiQos

(jibi

anoygacpBoOco 8b nXiova xov yBygafi

fjLBvov Bv xri (Sovy^^ogBLdi
rf

8b

xa

xis

(ngax)xri xo bvvo^lov bv^oXov 0(pBiXB(x

50 o a noXis) xov Bg^o^iBviov agyovgio (fivao n)Bxxagaxovxa bv^oXv xaO Bxa

axov Bviavxov
x-q

xoxov (pBgBxo 8ga(xiias

8ovo)xas fivas Bxaaxas xara fiBiva {Bxaa)xov xrf Bfingaxxos Baxo Bvj3(oXv

55 .... a noXcs) x(o)v Bgxo(iBvi{o)v

25*

294

APPENDIX
Qvvdgxov aQXoy^og,
ftfjvog

I.

Ost-

Xov&iov, ^Agx^agog Ev^ulov tafilag Ev^ovXm 'Agx^^oifiov ^mxel xgiog anidojxu

ano

zr^g avyygoiffrig

fiBia

twv

TioXefAagxoiV xal
oiveXofiEvog

tav xaroTiTaVf

tag

avyygacpag tag XBifisvag nag'

Ev-

q>gova not ^SLdlav xal IlaaixXrj

xal Tifiofiedov 0(oxiag, yal Jr^iio-

10

TsXriv

Avaiddfiov, xal Jiovvaiov

ipiq-

Krjq)iaod(6gov Xaigoovioiy Hard to

q)iafjia

tov d^fiov.

Ovvocgxov agxovTog,

(xrjvog

^AXaX-

xofisvlov, *'Agv(av IloXvxXsovg

15

Tttfilag

d^fioi fprnxu

dnidmxs Ev^ovXto 'Agx^dno trig avyygacpijg

yjT^cpiafia

TO TcaTuXomov, xaTa to

TOV drinoVf dveXofi^og tag avyygoKfdg zdg xeifievag

nagd

2(a(pL-

20
'

Xov not Evcpgova ^taxiag, xal

nagd

Aiovvaiov KT^cpLGodagov Xaigtavi-

a xal Avaidafiov AafiOTdXovg

T
Twi' noXtfidgxoav nal tojp

(is-

xuto-

nxmv,

25

**AgxovTog iv ^OQXO(iBV(a Ovvdgxov,

/^rj-

vog AXaXxofisvlov, iv ds 'EXartla

Me'Ofio-

voliov Agx^^dov, ^rjvog ngcjTov.

Xoyia Ev^ovXto 'EXaieiaia xal

XOfisvlcov
.

Ttj

noXet 'Og-

Ensid^ xexofiiatat Ev^ovxrjg

30

Xog

nagd

noXscog to ddvsiov

dnav

xard rdg o^oXoyiag xdg -lE&Eiaag Ovvdgxov agxoVTog

firjvog

OuXov&lov

xal ovt' (xpslXttai aviia

noXiv, dXX"*

ov8iv nagd f^v dnixu ndvia nsgl navtog,

tfi

35

xal dnodedaxaai

noXu

ol exovisg

BCEOTIC INSCRIPTIONS.
lag ofioXoylag
'

295

livai

nqoq

dsdofj^sBifj

vov xQovov Ev^ovXco inivofilag,

ThxaQdy oval avv Xnnoig diaxoalttig Bi'xoai,

Ttgo^dioig avv aUl xt-

40

Xiaig

'

agxsi tov xqovov o iviaviog 6 fiSTu

OvvaQXO^ clgxovta 'Ogxofisvloig

wtto-

ygaq)sad^aL ds Ev^ovlov -aaT iviavxhv

exaaxov naga tov xafiiav xal xov vofiwvrjv,

xa xe xav^axa xav ngo^ocxcov xal

45

xcSv atyujv xal

xwv ^owv xal

xojv Xtitkov
'

xav

xiva aarjfia

loai,

xal x6 nXrld^og

(i^

anoygacpia&a ds nXsiova xwy ysygafifiivtov iv xrj avyxoigiqaU'

^Eav de xig
ocpstX-

TigdxxTj x6 ivvofitov

Ev^ovXov,

50

exft)

TioXig

xav

'Ogxoixsviaiv

dgyvglov

^vdg Tsxxagdxovxa Ev^ojXca xa&' lxaxov iviavxoVf xal xoxov cpsgixoj dgaxfidg

dvo

xijg fivdg

exdaxrjg xaxct firjva

I'axo)

Exaaxov xal sfingaxxog

Ev^ovXco

55 ^

noXig xav "Ogxofiivlav.

2329.
Tenian,

7tgvTavB(jov yvci^)ri

ejisidrf a^i

fiavioa afi^xoviov avrig

ayadoa

eaziv xat svvovci tcdl dr^icoi

6 Toi Tffvtav xai Siaisksi ;^paa(tf

Ttage/ofisvod xai xotvsi
ocac

th noXu

xad tStav toks ivTvy^avov^iv avTot avaSsSsxTut 8s xai x-qv

dr^Xicov

-^sagodoxLUv xav

aya

10 d^u Tv^ei dsSo^dat xsi ^ovXbl xai

TcoL 8r^ixoi

enaiveaai ts avxov

296

APPENDIX

I.

xai
OL

c(TS(pava)(tac i9'(a)AA(o)i/ ciTS(pav(ot tv t)

isgcjL

TO Tov Ttoasi^covoci xai Tf^a

afKfLTgLTt^cf agexria svbtcbv

xac

15 Bvvoiaa

xtia

ua xov

dr^fiov rcov

avxov xat xov6 ex yovovd avxov ngo^evovd xoll v

Tfiviav SLvai 8e
.

egysxoLcf xi^d noXecoa

SsSoaOat

3s xai TtgosSgtav sv xoia aycodiv

20

Old dvvxskei

r^

noXid xai Ttgoao

di^

dov Ttgod
fxov

xTp/

^ovXrfv xat xov

eav xov Ss'qxai avaygaxpai

xai axriaai sic xo isgov xov (no) xai
xr^d a^cpixgixria

8s xo8s xo y)Tiq)Lcf^ia sia axr^Xriv (Aa)

'd^LVTjv

25

cisi8a)vo0

....

ngviavtav

yvw(j,ri

'

'Ensidrj

'j4fx,^

fiMViog ^Ay-^oavlov avr]Q

ioTiv xai Bvvovg

aya&og

tw

drjfia)

5 Tw
nai

Tfjvlwv, Ttal dLuisXEl XQ^iag

Ttoivrj

naqsxo^svog xat

t^ noXsi

xa&^ idlav

xolg ivTvyxapovaiv

avTM, avadtdsxTat ds xai t^v

&eaQodoxlav t^v jYiklmv

'

aya-

10

&ri Tvxj], dsdoxd-ai

Tft)

tij

^ovX^ xai

otj^m ETiaiVBoai ts avtov

xai axBCfavwaav &aXXov aiscpuva iv t-

isg^ TO TOV noasid^vog xai

Ttjg

^AncpLTqhrig aQttrig I'psxev xai

15 Evvolag
Triviav

irig sig
'

top drjfiov tmv

fdvai de

avTOV xai Tovg ix-

yovovg avxov ngo^ivovg xai tvBQyixag

xrjg

noXeog

'

dsdoa&ai

ds xai TtQOsdgiav iv xolg aymatv

20

oig avvxsXst ^ noXtg xai

ngoao-

IONIC INSCRIPTIONS.
$ov TtQog
fiov,
triv

297

^ovXtjV xal tov 5^Avot/Qaipai>

idv tov dsTjiat.

xj}^(f)ia^a

5s rods TO

uq

axriXriv Xl-

divriv not GTrjaai eig to Isgov tov JIo-

25

asidwvog nal t^$ 'A^cpngltrjg.

^m

IONIC.

aeoi.

e.

(About B. C. 350.)

ersi 7t[X7tToi aQxa^sg^svci

^aaiXsvovxoa

[xavaacoXXov s^aidgaTtsvovToa fxavtra tov

Ttaxivco STtt^ovXevdavToa fiavadoXXai toi sxax

ofiv(o) Tcol legat tov diod tov ka(iPgavvdov d'vcuria

eviav

5 mrid

Tcat Ttavr^yvgioa eovcfrfcf

xai [xavaaXXov

fisv

du fxavLTa Se avTov Ttjv dixriv ev ;^fpwv vo^oi Byvodav iivXaaeics n ka^ovTod

cfcodsvTOd

aw tcoi

agri
voixTffjLSvov

TOV Lsgov xai (lavaoXXov tov evsg

ei ti<s Tcai

ysTecD

sgsvvav notr^aadOai

aXKoa

[xs

TB{ct)

10

;^fv

ri

exoLVG)vri<ssv Tt^a itga^ioa

sXsyx^svTOd Ss

xai d'vdaov tov avdxcD xai xgiOevToa avvadix

st(v)

fxsTa

[xavna eSo^s fivXaasvaiv xai STCsxvgoaav

at Tgia (pvXai ra [lavna tov TtaxTvco xai Ova

60V
TOV dvaxo TtgodTsOrivai fxavadoXXcoi xai ra 15 XTfifxaTa snoXricfev
r^

noXia

dt^i^odirf

enagact

298
Ttoir^aafjisvT^

APPENDIX xovxcav jad

I.

ovad

TOid Ttgiaiisvota
[xr^xs 7ti\iJ7^q)i

Tcvgiats eivai

xai

fiT^rs

ngoTiOsvai

(irfdsva

8b xia rai/ra

naga^atvoi

s^cokr^

yivs

adat xat avxov xai xovd sxsivov navxaa EtH

nifimta AgTa^eg^Evg (SaaiXsvovtogi
'

MavaacjXXov i^ai^gansvovTog

Mavha

tov

Jlaxtva) inipovlsvaavTog MavaaaXXto xw 'JExavofiva

iv

Tw Uq^ tov

/jiog

tov ytafx^gavvdov, d^valrig iviav-

alrjg

yal navrjyvQiog iovarjg, xai Mavaa(oXXov fih

ata&ivTog avv rw Ju, Maviioi 8e avxov dlxtjv

Xa^ovTog iv x^>'Q^v
voiJ,r]fisvov

vo/icn,

syvcaaav MvXaaslg Tragr}-

TOV Ugov xal MavaawXXov tov svsg-

ystsb), egsvvav

non^aaa&at,

si'

xtg
'

xal SXXog fiBTsa-

10 x^v

rj

ixoivojvrjasv TTJg ngd^iog

iXiyx^iVTog ds

xal Ovaaov tov 2vax(a xal xgi&ivjog avvadixstv

fiSToi

Mttvka, sdo^s MvXaasvaiv, xal inExvgaaav

al rgBtg cpvXal, xa

Mavha
^ noXig

tov IlaxTva xal Ovaaov

tov 2vax(a ngooTsd^ijvat MavaaojXX(a, xal tu

15

xTi^fiaTU in(6XfjaBv
TtoiTjaafiivrj tovtodv

drjixoalt],

indgag

Tag tovdg Totg ngLafie'voig

/mtJxs

xvglag
fiTjdsva

Blvai,
*

xal fi^Ts ngoTL&ivai

imxpricpl^uv

BL

ds Tig TavTa naga^aivot, i^wXij yive-

a^at

i^al

avTov xal

wvg

ixslvov ndvtag.

gen. sing, contracted from 'Agxa^ig^eog, 2. i^ai^ga-UgTaUg^v? ^^^ gen. -ov. nsvovxog, the same as the common auTgansvoviog. Mavha, gen. sing, from Mavhag. 3. naxTvoa, gen. sing, for Jlaxtvsw,
1. "AgTa^ig^svgj

Line

In the

common

dialect

from naxTvrjg.
vofisca.

7. nagtjvoixrj^ivov, perf. pass. part,

from nagat],

The

syllabic

augment

is

lengthened into

after the

analogy of

its

imperfect nagrjvSfiow
14.)

slXrixoi, stXfjcpa,

&c. (Rem.
?

(Rem. ^

19).

Compare

11. ^vaxta, gen. sing, im-

plying nom. ^vaxrig

REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.

REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.
Changes of
1.

299

the

preposition
/?,

in,

it
often

The

preposition ex before
g.

5,

A,

^i,

is

changed

into /.

E.

ty ^svdidsioav ey diovvatoiv sy Xta^o

ex Bsvdidslav

ix /I lovvaiav

sydoasia, sydoTOj
ix

Aia^ov (139) (525) (Boeckh. Athen. Nav. tylv&svxav Msydgav 175) (168. (Boeckh. Athen.
iy Xifisvoa
ix Xtfiivog

(157) (157)

ixdoasig, ixdoTO) (1570. a)

ixlv&ivTcjv
ix

p.

453)

ty (isyagav

sy fiVQivrja

ix Mvgivtjg

b)

By fivQQivovTria
2.

sx Mvggivovxrjg

Na^r: p.
a,

450)

When

the word governed by ix begins with

is

chang-

ed

into;^.

E.

g. EX

aa^o

ix 2'(Xfiov

(147)
it

3. Frequently ix and the noun governed by one word. E. g.

s^aXufjiivoa

are written as

S^llQOV

ix JSVQOV (2347. c) ix

i^v^QiTiaa
4.

ix ^^aXocfuvog

(2907)

^v^gnlag (3049)
|,

The

full

form of

this

preposition,

is

found before a

consonant;

?? grjveiaaf for ix 'Privdag

(158. -4).

Changes of
5. Before

the preposition elg

and

the article tag*

elg

a word beginning with 2, the preposition sometimes drops a. E. g.

cfffTTjAaff

t? ffTTjAa? ( 1

08

93)
;

Compare
idff atriXotg

the article lag before the

same word

Taaiijilaa for

(3044).
IV before a labial,

6.

At

when

the end of a word, iv is very often changed into the next word begins with a labial {n, /5, cp). E. g.
Tj/i

M^

noXiv

TO)/i
/u6/<

noXimv no^EL

(105) twv (75) no&ei (170)

T1JV

noXiv

noXsoav

fihv

300
tfi

.mmj
noXsi

appendix
iv noXiL

i.

(J^) (76) iailv ttcqI ( 101 ) soTiii nsQi avTOV ngo^svov (1052) avTOfji TiQO^svov exXiysiv nag' avrov (101) (ylsysi^ nag avTOV av ^ovXBVirjQtai ( 124) ffi l3ovXsvtr)giiav JOV I5(0fi6v (160) TO(X ^OflOV %6v (fOgOV (75) TO/i CpOQOV (j,s(i (pavxota fih ipvxdg (170)
HOTUfl
7TSQ

OTaV

TISQ

7. Sometimes iv before a labial remains unchanged even in E. g. the middle of a word.

avvfiaxia

sXav^avsv

avfifiaxloc

(11)

iXdfi^avsv (71)

labial.
'

Further, not un frequently iv takes the place of E. g.

afievcpsa dfie(i(f>ig^ (3) xXsov^QOToa KXsoi^PQOTog {165) oXvvnio 'OXvfMTilov {30) ^OXv^inico (11; 99) oXvvniot

M before

'tipw^

y,

8. Before a palatal

N before a palatal. (x, x), N at the end of

E.
g.
-iwv

word

is

very

often changed into

j(oy naiQbiV

sy xvxXoi,

ay xat

Btay xai

aisXsiay xai

V imv

J'.

iv xvxXca

xaigav (101) (IQO)

xal (101) xal (1052)

tov ygafifiaTea (84) Toy yga^f^UTsa Hiegoy XQ^f^oiTOV Ugojv XQ^h^Ttav {147) jdv xojgav (2905, 46) jay x^Q^v
9. Sometimes iv before a palataj remains unchanged even in E. g. the middle of a word.
Bvsvxafisvov

dxsXBiav xal (1052)

evygaipai

XavxavovT(ov

(401) (93) Xayxavovtwv (2556)

ivsyxafisvov

iyygdipuL

Further, not unfrequently palatal. E. g.

takes the place of

before a

ava^x^? (1001) avavxija iyyvg (22 1794. A) > Bvyva snavysXXBiai -^ inayyiXXsjai (107) i^
;

h,.-*

;;>

REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.

These orthographical phenomena
for, if

301

will

be easily accounted

we suppose

that

N or r

before a palatal had the sound

of

NG.

N before
changed

a Liquid.
(i) is

10. IV at the end of a word before a liquid (A, E. g. into that liquid.
ToX XoyiOTov ToX Xoyov

often

TMfi fUia&OJOfOiiV
Tf|tt

fivoKxv

Toy Xoyov (76) TWy Mvolav (143)

itJv

Tb)v

Xoyiarav (76)
(JLiadwOfbiV

(82)

Sometimes
XiiTcav

remains unchanged before a liquid (Boeckh. Athen. Nav. p. 408).

as naXiv-

Changes of
11.

the Prepositions iv
is

and

ovv.

The

preposition iv before 2:

often

changed

into

cor.

E.

g.

ea aidcovi

(a oay,OL
ia aiyyoi
0 avXcoL

Ea

OTTjXtj

(87) 2a^b} (147) iv 2'iyya) (171) iv avXio (2447, 6)

iv ^Jidaivi
iv

iv

air'iXrj

(ibid.)

Before
ai^Xj]

(jttJA/;

it

often drops the v

s

as

sottjXtji,
'

for iv aTrjXrj (S7).

EiairjXriij

Sometimes
12.

v is

dropped and

becomes u

as

for iv

(213).

by a vowel

preposition uvv sometimes drops v before a followed as uvasixaivfo&ov, for ovaati^aiviad^tav (76). Sometimes it remains unchanged even before a followed by
;

The

two consonants
(3137).

as

uvvucpgocyiuaixivoiv,

for

avacfoayLaauivav

IV movable {iq)EXxvaiiy6v).
13. It
it is

is

often omitted before a vowel.

On
E.
g.

the other hand,

as often found before a consonant.

EyQafifiatsvs svnEi&Ea

anodovvSti (76) Ta^iaai Hoia ra^laoiv 139) EdoxoEv (76) ovxeevulv bdaxs ^vhhevolv (8)
Eins anodovat,
sinEv
'

iygafifiaTEVEv, EvnEl&Tfg

(76)

olg

Tsi

^oXEi

i'do^E tjj /SovXjj

edianEv

26

302

APPENDIX

I.

Doubling of Consonants.
14.

Not unfrequently
aXaXoia,

word

is

written with a simple consois

nant when commonly that consonant

doubled.

E. g.

aX (11) (H) ngoxovsaio (8) ocga^doTa aQQa^dtatu (160) (2)

aXXaXoig, AA'
s/gafxsvot
i/Qaix^s'va

llgoyovvrjalov

inofxidov

'inTTo^usdwv

15.

2
t.

is

often doubled before a consonant

most commonly

before

E. g.
agiaarov

aQiaaioda^oa

TsXeaoxaa TsXEOiag ( 166) aaaxXrjTiiodagoa ''Aai(Xr]ni6da)Qog (879)

agiaaToq^avTja

is

^AgloTcav

'Agiaiodajaog (13)

^Agioiocpdvrig

(1638)
in the

16.

rough mute
E.
g.

(^9^, <jp)

sometimes doubled

middle

of a word.

aip(piavoa

7cXso&&ia

^Anniavog (427) ^dncpov (1927) xa&&saav adi&eaav (2169) KXsoT&lg (2211,

aa(p(pov
aacpcpo or

^AJicpiavog or

b, vol. II. p.

1029)

find also aacpo for (Millingen, plat, xxxiii.).

We
17.

oancpo, ^Jancpw, Sappho,

suppose that, in poetry, a short syllable was often position by doubling the following consonant in pronunciation. In fact we find vnoXXvtia^av, for vno Xvy.d^aVj in the following pentameter verse

We

made long by

rgiaaov vnoXXvua^nv ygaiJjjittTiyoa TsXta (2169) jQiaoov vno Xvad/Sav Fgufj^atixog TiXim

Crasis and Elision.

18.

When the preceding word

(f,

vowel

v) of that

diphthong
E. g.
to;

is

ends in a diphthong, the second dropped before the two words

are united by crasis.

xavxd (2557, B) rov Eg^oicgdisog tw (2557, B, 4) TM/Mvog Tov (3044) (3044)

olyxa

TOvgfxoygciTSog

'

(8)

rcoavXo)

davXcn

ayojvog

TtindgT]

ijj

indgji

REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.

^ indgr] (3044) oi adiXtpoi (8) Ta^yetot rot ^Agyfioi (29) Tw ^AnaXlavi (39) T(07i6XX(arL xal iyw (8) xdy(6 ydnloraTOV xal inlaxotTov (8)
'^Ttagrj

303

adiXcfoi

x^5 (Doric) (Doric)

Ti^nl
jtaqp'

xat fV (2554) xa2 ini (1688)

(jp'

vi^ovg

xat

vj^ov?

(3588)

Xt "^^Tf/ity (2554) xal inaiviofxev (3047) X'^TiaiVBOfisv (Doric)

7lOLQTf(llV

conjunction yal drops at before the diphthongs t, Tig, for xal aX Tig (2554) xd'xoai, for xal ei'xooi find xai^ov, that (2321) xovxETi, for xaJ oIhetl (3019). but this is evidently a mistake is xa^ov, for xa/ f/zoV (3588, 8)
19.
El,

The
;

ov

'

as xal

We
;

in the

same

inscription

we

find xacp vipovg, for xal dcp* vipovg.

20. see then that in case of crasis, iota is subscribed as only when it is at the end of the syllables to be contracted
;

We

xaTCt, for xal Biia.

21. Crasis and Elision were very often

left

to pronunciation.

E.g.
TO aFvTo Xi&o
fiL

avdgiao xai to acpiXaa (10)

dvdQidg xal to oq)iXag

tov avTov Xl&ov

Hfil

ravTOV Xl&ov
q)vXr}V

si'fi

dvdgidg xal to acpiXag

xExgonidov (q/cji edgaas

q)vXriv

KexgoTiidwr sgy(o i'dgaa^

7}

aya&a (85) dya&d

TOKOvdt avdg(av
TOiavS' avdgav
^ovXija
(xs

noXia onnoiav avTia afiagTYji (173)

noXig onnoiav aviig ufiagr^

17

cigsiaa ipricpoa saTtjOS tvd^aSs

oari vs(a

(426)

ysvova xs txaxi xat agsirja

^ovXrjg
fi
-d-*

Aguag

iprjq>og i'airja'

ivd^ads,

ydvovg

exaxi xdgsjrjg oaij via.

q)gadaiaL vvficptav to avrgov s^rjgyaaaTO (456, a)

(pgadaluL Nv^cptav xuvTgov i^rjgydaaTO
Eifii sifil

8s agiGToxXfja

nugauva nata

ds fxsviovoa (749)

d* AgiaTOxXrjg IIsigaiEvg,

nalg di Mevoivog
as axgi
ocv ^o>

ovaav xav xaxa yrja xai

Tifiijab}

(808)

ovaav xal xatd

yrjs xal Tifi^Qta a' cyf^t

aV ^w

304

APPENDIX

I.

aafia nvorjv ds aid^TjQ tla/Ssv naXiv oansQ sdtoxsv (1001) awfia

'

nvoT}v 5' ai&tjQ tXa/Ssv

ndhv

ooTifQ tdwxEV

sixova TTjvds ars&rjxs (pOQvajaa naia o rqiaaoa (1582) slxova Tijvd^ avs&Tjxs (PoQVOTOiq naUg o Tqldxog
xeifit&a xai svaB/Sscav ev oaifgoia &aX(Xfioig (2055, b)

TtHfis&a xvus^t(ov ev axiegolg ^aXdixoig

Dative Plural
22.

in aai,

and Adverbs

in

rjai.

The The
;

at, that is

usual form of the dative plural of xafxlag lafiiaov (138 139).

;

is

xufiia-

23.
script

adverbial ending

r^ai is

thus, adrjvTjoi, that

is

'a&^vtjoi,

never found with iota subnever a&rivtjiai, (158,

A, B.)
Nominative Plural
24.
in
rjg

from Nouns

in evg.

We

find ol nXvvtjg, for oi nXvvrjg or nXvveig,

from the noun

o nXvvsvg (455).

Nominative Dual

in

u for

rj

from Neuters

in

og.

25. The ending es of the nominative dual of nouns in gen. sog, is contracted into h. E. g.
axsXs, that is axsXei,

og,

^sv/8, that is ^ivysi,

from axsXog (150, from i^tvyog (150,

A) B)

Doric Future.
26. The Doric dialect often changes the ending of the future of liquid verbs into /w. E. g.
ifxixEvloj

-gco,

-to^aiy

for ifxfi8VE(o

from

ififisvoo

(2554)

27. The endings -aw, -oov^m, of the Doric future, are often resolved into -acw, -oEOf^ai, which may be changed into ~ai(o, E. g. -aiofiat, according to the preceding paragraph.
oQxi^ico

for

oQxi^w {oQxl^o)), from oqhI^oj (1688).

Compare

{ne'aofiai) nsaovfiai, nfaeofiai.

^oot&aal(o for
TiQoXsiiplco for

^oa&uom

{^orj&i^ato),

from ^oi]&(o (2554)

nQoXsupb) {ngoXslipb)), from ngoXslTKo (2554) nga^lofisv for nQa^ov^fiV [nQci^ousv), from ngdaato (3048)
for
;^pt?oi;/i^a

Xagi^iofis&cc

(;faotaoii^a),

from

x'^Q'XofiocL

(3048)
28.

The new

endings

-asofiep,

-aeovTL,

-aso^ai,

-asofie&Uf

REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.

-asovxaL

305

may be

^s&a,

-aevvTtti.

contracted into E. g,

-aevfiev, -oevvti, -oEVftat, -asv-

diaivasvvTi for diaXvaovvii {diaXvaovai), from diaXvoj (2671)

VTtag^tvvTi for vnaQ^ovPTv {v7idQ^ovai)j

from

vnaqx^**

(2671)

29. vax^rjoovviai for avvax&i^aovTaL, from ovvuya) (2448).

Even the

future passive changes

o^m

into ovfxai, as av-

Aorist Active of Verbs in

aivca, algco.

30. The endings -tjvu or -ava, -tjQa or -aga, are always found without the iota subscript. This fully establishes our E. g. rule (Rem. 56, 2. 3).
intitgoivs
avsq)riV6

xa&rjQCCVTOJV

icatuQUL
indgr],
Tigs,

(2374) nadalgb) (2374) (2347) indgag (2953) ugaio (247 1907)

avaq)alr(a
xuTalfjoj
inocigo)
al'g(o
;

from inixQalvco (2237)

We
31.

find also perf pass, imperat.

sing, r^g&o)

from algw.

BcBotic third Person Plural in -v&i.

The

into -v^i.

Boeotic dialect changes the pronominal suffix -vn E. g.

anodsdoav&i
ifov&L

aTiodsdoavtif

EoovTi, 80)01, ojoi,

from dnodidoojiL (1569) from H^l (ibid.)

The element {&) of analogical ending of the third person singular {-&!,) is found in the English indicative ; as ha-ih (d-&), ende-th {evde-^)* Compare -&l of the 2 sing, imperat. active ;
as (pd&i,
i'o&if Tiidi.

Perfect Active Participle in

-sia, -vet,

for

-via.

iniTSteXsiisla, sffTuxela, avra/ctyoxela, for

laxay,v'la,

32. In a Doric inscription (2448, I.) we find the participles the common enirsXsitvXa,

avvdya.

The same

ovvayrjyoxvla or avvaytjoxvTu, from iniTsXsM, Xortjfuif inscription (II. III.) contains the indicafor the

tive avvaydyoxce,

common

avvayriyoxu (3595) the

full

form of avvay^oxa*
The reader will perceive that when the author erroneously stated under aya truvayaya^^ttet stood for pluperf. truvxynye^ta, he went on the supposition that Matthiae (to whose Grammar he referred) could easily perceive the difference between a verb and a participle. There is no such pluperfect as
*

that

ayayi^tm*

26*

306
33. In

APPENDIX

I.

some of the recently discovered Attic

for -vice.

inscriptions,

-va

is

used

E.

g.

Ttagsdrjcpva

TiaQsdtjcpvla

(Boeckh. Athen. Nav.

-r^v.

p.

540).

Aorist Passive Infinitive in

34. In an iEolic inscription (3524)
fiasvfx&Tjv, STtiyQoccprjV, aiecpavco&rjv, to

we

find ovrs&rjv, ysvrj&rjv,

ovTsd^tjV,

be accented
the

ys-

v^d-rjv, Hasve;(&rjv, sniyQacprjv, aTsq)uv(a&rjV, for

&r]vai, ysvrjdrjvai,

common

ivTS-

da^vtxOrirai, enLyQa(prjvaif aTe(pav(o&^vai.

See

also fis&va&Tjv

under (je&voxw.
-vtco

Imperative 3 pers. plur. in

for

-vt(ov.

35. In some of the Doric inscriptions the 3 plur. of the E. g. imperative active takes -via for -viojv.

naQ^X^vTW
iovtm

naQfxovTMv, from nuQix^ (1699)

iovTOJv (ovrojv),

anooTsiXdvTOti

noiovvifa

from

Hy.1

(1699)
(1845)

dnooTsiXdvTwv, from ajioaTskXo) (1845)

noiovvioiVy

from

noisco

This ending is evidently the same as the Latin -nfo ; as, sunto (toVrw), amanto [q)dovvT(o), docento {didaaaovzoi), faciunto
{jlOlOVVT(o)'

hifinitive

of Verbs in -aw.

36. The contracted form of the infinitive of verbs in -aw is found without the iota subscript, which shows that it is conWe may tracted not from -a'av, but from the Doric -div. E. g. therefore safely reject the orthography -av.
tifidv

from

ii^d(a

(2569)

nsQiogdp from TtsQiogdoj (2919)

Iota Subscript.
37. In inscriptions cut before the Roman period, the iota subscript, so called, is a regular letter; as ttji ^ovXrji, rwt rafiiaif for our jjj ^ovX^, tw tuiaIoc.

38. In inscriptions cut during the E. g. subscript is generally omitted.

ysQovaia, ^ovXtJ^ yvfivaalto

Roman

period, the iota

a/a, -Xtjj -aiw

(2782)

39.

The authography
i

a,

ji,

w, as also the absurd expression

8lq>^oyyoi xazaxgrjaiixal, improper diphthongs,

was introduced

long

after this

ceased to be pronounced.

REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.

307

40. It must be observed, however, that in some of the less c subscript was often (not always) omitted, even during the flourishing period of the Greek language especially in the dative singular of the second declension (Gregor. Corinth, p. 606), and the third person singular of the subjunctive active. E. g.
cultivated dialects (as the JEolic), the
;

Tw

ddfxcj,

^EXnivlxb)

XQVosa), ai(pdv(o

td exxXrjala

86xrj, ndaxr]

xa

tw

ddfiw, 'eXttivIxm

/Qvasca, axsqxivm

(3523) (3640)

ixxXrjaia (ibid.)

doxjj, ndaxj]

ivdsvr], 7id&7], uIqs&tJ

(1841

1843

1850)
;

dva/Qixqirj, dvuTS&rj

nd&t], alQBdfj (2166 avaygacpjj, avais&jj (3640)

svSfvt],

2448)

Compare the Latin

41.
sq)

dat. sing,

of the 2d declension

as domino.

The formula iq)' Ztf, on condition that, is always found mis, without the i subscript; see Inscription 93 1704.
;

42. According to Buttmann (Larger Gram. 116. n. 8), the I subscript under r] is improperly written in those forms of which no actual nominative, as root, is extant; consequently His theory, however, is contradicted 7r?J, onriy ndvTti, ocXXuxrj.

by onrj, Doric oTia, actually found in ancient inscriptions of undoubted authority (Boeckh. 1841 1843; 3053). It is perfectly clear, therefore, that the i under rj, in the forms njj, 7i%
;

onrj, is

improperly omitted.
JEtolic aiOy oia,

from
a,

ava, ova.

43.

When

v is

dropped before
into ai,
oi,

the preceding
dixduaig
nalg,

oiif^aoiai, efiixEfsoiai

vtovai)
fidlaa

dixdaug nouaa ndaa {navrg or ^waa

ndg,
[iovaa
ova-

, o,

the ^olic dialect lengthens respectively. E. g.

narg, navraa navaa)
{oixtjaovah t^ps-

(^diJtaoavTg, dixocaoivg)

oiHi^aovai, epfjievtovai

{(xaoviaa^ paovaa, paoiaa)

We
in the

may therefore assume that the common aa, ova become, ^olic and Doric dialects, aia, oia only when they arise
(xva,

out of

44. In the first declension, the ^Eolic dialect changes ag of the accusative plural into aig. In the second declension, for the common ending ovg, it uses oig. E. g.
Totg dlxaig
ei'xovag XQvaiaig

rag (3640) XQVoiag (3524) xaid (3640) argondyoig argaTayovg, ngog (216^,
dixag
sixovag

xdiTOig vopoig

xovg vofiovg otQatrjyovg (ibid.)

xovg ^aaiXslg

TtQog Tolg ^aalXijag

c)

308

APPENDIX

I.

This shows that the accusative plural of all the declensions formed by annexing g to the accusative singular thus Tovg, aya&ovg, tag, ayaddg come from zovg, aya&ovg, xdvg, dya&dvg. In fact, Tovg for jovg, and nQsiysvidvg for nQeiysvrdg {nQsa^svidg) are found in some of the Cretan inscriptions (3050, 14; 3058, 4).
is
;

45.

Digammated Words
aviog

in the Inscriptions.

amovy from (10) from Baxsvag, a man's ^axsvfai (1639) from Jiog (29) difi from (H) SQjroiotg an Elean (11) from pa gyov (11) man's name (1569) fagvwv from ICav^Kov, the same pavltwv
apVTo
"AqyuoL (29) agysifoif doubtful avXa p dog avXcadog ( 1583)
for
Baytsvoc,

name

for Jil,

Zsvg,

'Hgnoloig,

Hgctoiog

oi?

^HXsloig,

^Hlslog,

pof

sgyov

*'AQV(av,

as

'a^Icjv,

"A^iog,

native oV'A^og,
city is

other name of this "Oa^og (Stephanus Byzantinus). *'A^og is derived

Axos (3050).

The

from

ayvvfiL

(pa/w), and
1.)

its

original form

which was changed

^ ^Eldiua, a peAwTtT^i'
piAsi;?,

into "Oa^og.
city

was pa^o?, (Compare "oUsvg, from

Rem.

fsXuTia
pcTTO?

pTo?

enog (H) hog (11 1569).

; ;

'jSAofTfta/o),

(1569) from "ElaTuatog, a native of Elatea.

This word was

also

pronounced

hog, with the rough breathing; hence the formula sq)sir]i that is, 6(jd' hf), for in I'ttj, in a later inscription (Gruter's Inscript. p. cccxxvii.) also nsvTa\-ET7]gida, that is, nsvrasTfjQLda, in the Heraclean tables. C id tog, the same as fidiog I'dtog, in the Heraclean tables. Compare Latin viduus. *'ldiog was sometimes pronounced Xdiog, with the aspirate, in the expression ita& idiav, that is, xa^' idlav, in the Tenian inscriptions,

(2329

(i'xaxi, d'noai (1569) ptxart iaoisXla, laoTiXsia ptaoTsAta

2335).

po

(^1562] 1563)

ol,

otx/a foixia gdxQoi, grJTga (H) p^ttT^a potxta, oixla (1562; 1563; 1564) fvxia, Boeotic tti&aQMdog {\5S3) ici&aQa^vdog
;

from "/

1565 1565) (4
(

xfofia^vdog

gaipa^vdog tgccya^vdog

xa^codog

(ibid.)

jgaymdog

gaipcodog {\h\d.)

(ibid.)

APPENDIX

II.

REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.

310
1.

'

APPENDIX
was

11.

The
is

This
diXia,

old Greek alphabet evident,

the

same

as the Oriental.

(1.)

From
il,
7],

the

names of the

letters; thus, wAya, /J^ra, yafifxa,

^av, &c., are essentially the

ovav,

same
;

as aXecp, ^tj&f yl^iX,

ddXs&f
(2.) letters

&c. From the form of the letters with the Hebrew coin-letters

also with the

;

compare the old Greek Samaritan

see also the
first

alphabet.

(Rose's Inscript. Graec. p. xiv.

their

forty-three inscriptions in Boeckh's Corp. Inscript. Grsec.)

(3.)
dslja,

From

arrangement

thus,

SXcpa^

iSTJTa,

ydfifia,

&c., numerically correspond to the Oriental Slfq), ^^&, In the new Attic alphabet, however, $t ylfieX, dixXs&, ^', &c. {juadij) occupies the place of aiyfiu (adfiEx) ; but this is unsi,

important.
(4.)

2.

From tradition. The old Attic alphabet

is

found in Attic inscriptions cut

The new before the archonship of Euclides (B. C. 403). Attic (called also the Ionic) alphabet is the same as that used
at the present day,

and called

'*

the Greek alphabet."

E, H.

In the old Greek alphabet, the character E represents the vowels , t], or the diphthong si. In the new Attic alphabet it represents s, or si. The diphthong si, however, is often represented in the usual way (El) even in Attic inscriptions cut before the archonship of Euclides. During the Alexandrian period, it was generally represented by EL E. g.
3.

a&svaioij nagsdo&s

svnsi&sa, snsaxuTB
snid^svaij

fisXsdaivEv, xgsfiaxi^sv

jEi ad^svaiai

TQsa oqxXo^svaj SQ/aaxo nqa^si

TtQVtavsa
TtoXsa,

^Ad^rjvaioi,

naQsdo&rj (147)
(

Evnsl&rjg, insaxdtsi (76)

inid^stvai, TQslg

160)
nQVxavsig (76)
;

6q)SiX6jXEva,

noXsig, slgynaxo

(75

160)
(
>

fisXtdalvsiv, XQVl^^^^^^''^

^)

suBidnp,

snfiddv, nga&jj (76)

xp 'A&rjvctlcc (76)

character H, in the old Greek alphabet, had the power of the Latin H; that is, it corresponded to the rough It was often omitted. breathing (daatHa) of the later Greeks.
4.

The

HisQOTtoioi, Iloaa

IIovxoi, oaiov

IsQonoioly

oaa (76)
a, ol, ^de, ^, alg (ibid.)

ovxoi, oaiov (ibid.)

Ha,

a,

JF/of, oi,

Ileds, s, aia

REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.

H(4SQatf sfiSQui, HvTidQyvQOV Hsxiei, sxtsi, Hayeaavdgoa

311
;

Vf^iga,

xt/?,

vnaQyvgov (144 139) 'A/^aavdgog (147; 1637)

5.

The

aspirate
find

H was
from

also used in the middle of a word.

Thus, we
svHodia

iQiHsfiinodioa

TQLrjfjmodiovg,
eV,

from

rglg,

^funodiov (160)

ivodlaf

odog (26)

Compare the Latin enhi/dris, enhydrus^ from iwdglg, ewdgog, compounded of iv and vdmg polyhistor, noXvi'atwQ (noXvg,
*

Polyhymnia^ from noXvg^ vfxvog. Also the barbarous word Sanhedrim, from avvedgiov {avv, s'dga). may suppose however that the aspirate // was as frequently omitted in the middle of a compound wc/d, as it was at the beginning.
XaTtog)
,'

We

In fact we find nagsdgot (147, 20), for nagHtdgoiy that gidgco, compounded of nagd and edga.
6.

is 71a-

When

a smooth
it

aspirate H,

mute {a, n, t) came in contact with the was changed into its corresponding rough mute

disappeared. In the old language, however, {x fp> ^)> ^"^ the combinations KH, IIH, were sounded like x, (fi &, respectively. (See below.) E. g.

TH

dfxiQfiEgog, originally
acpltjixL

dtKHsfngoa {dsxa, Hsfxega)

xa&aigi(o

xaTHaigeo

allHiefii {ano,

Hu^i)

(xaia, Ilaigto)

The same change took place when, of two successive words, the first ended in a smooth mute, and the second began with E. g. the aspirate //.
Kct& Bnaaxov (76, 21), from xara, sxaaiov
sq) i]{jiv {inl, '^fuv)

ovx

^ipofiUL [ovx, Eipofitti)

sUHsixiv

xaTHsKaaiov

oKHi(fao^ai>

such cases the rough mute arises from the connection of the smooth mute with the aspirate //, and that the latter disappears after the change. Nevertheless, in order not to disturb the usual orthography of the second word, the rough breathing is suffered to retain its place thus,
It is clear therefore that in
;

instead of x^' sxaaxov,

write xad-' txaaxov, eg)' tjijXv, ovx sipofj-ai, which mode of writing is incorrect inasmuch as it repeats the aspirate //; thus, xaTHHtxaeqo'

Vf^^^>

^^X

f'^ofiai,

we

GTOV, snHIIsiJ.iv, oKIIHs(fOOfiai.

pp.

never found in connection with p or (74), agga^dojoa (160), nvggoa (167), anogguivovxai, (138), for our "Priylvoig, agga/SdcoTovg, It is fair therefore to suppose that the JIvggog, anoggaivovjai..
7.

The

aspirate

//

is

Thus, we

find gsyivota

312

APPENDIX

II.

orthography g was introduced by the later Greeks in order to indicate the rolling sound of q at the beginning of a word. When Q was doubled in the middle of a word, only the second one was rolled hence the orthography qq, as agQ^Tog. The ancient Grammarians placed the rough breathing also over q after a rough mute (&, cp, x) as ^govog, dq)Q6g and the
;

'

smooth breathing over

"'AiQsvg,

The Romans
after
;

xangog. indicated the rolling sound of g by placing an h it as gaiprndla, gv&^iog, Jlvggog, rhapsodia^ rhythmus^

g after a smooth mute (t, n, x) ; as (Villoison. Anecd. Grsec. Vol. II. p. 114.)

Pyrrhus.

Thus,
ri,

In the course of time, the character // became a vowel. in the new Attic alphabet it is always the same as our that is, it stands for long E. E. g.
8.
firjvog, "A^'^vrjOL

(158,

A)

9.

The diphthong
is
is,

time of Euclides,

method, that
i^sX&fj,
si'nr],

cut after the not unfrequently represented after the old by EL E. g. e^eX&eif uubi, ennprjcpiaei, for
///,

even

in inscriptions

innpr^fpiaji,

(93.)
,

became a vowel, the character |- resembling the first half of //, was employed to denote the rough breathing. This character is found in the name f-i^^tfo)?, from
10. After //

Also, in the Heraclean Ionic inscription (2919). an Tables; as nsvta}" tTi]gida (see above, 5), compounded of ns'vTs, and sxog for hog. Also, in Tarentine and Heraclean coins; as ]rr]gaHX7]icov, that is '^iJgaxXrjicav (Eckhel. Vol. I. See also Villoison. Anecd. Graec. Vol. II. pp. pp. 148. 153). 144. 122. In process of time this character became ^, which coincided with one of the later forms of E (Inscript. 246 et seq.). This being further modified produced the Byzantine rough breathing ('). The character ^, resembling the second half of // was employed by the Grammarians to denote the smooth breathing [ipd^), which, properly speaking, required no representative. This character, by a series of changes analogous to those of the rough breathing, became {"). We observe here that the smooth breathing is not found in any
'idgievg, in

inscription.
11. According to the Grammarians, the Jilolians did not " oi AloXslg ayvoovai Trjv daasTuv." use the rough breathing suppose further, that the lonians, who delighted in smooth sounds, did not use it much thus, they pronounced xaidnsg
;

We

(xr' dnfg), dnixso&txi

{uno, ixso&ui),

ovx

'^dtrai, for xtx&ixrtfg

{xaTIlajiig)j oi<pixia&ai {allllixsa&ai), ovx V^^toh (^oKIItdejai)-

REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.

313

following passage from Aristotle (Elench. 4, 8) clearly that, in his time, the adverb ov, where, differed from ov, no, not, only in the accent; that is, the former was pronounced " Tov '^'O^ttjQov I'viot diog&ovvTai, ngog ov, and the latter ov. aT07Tb)g HQrjxoia 'to jusv ov xazanvdexai roiig eXi'/xovrag Mg Xvovoi '/itQ avio tjj TiQoobjSla XsyovTsg to ofi^Qb) [II. 23, 328] ' ov o^vT^gov." Nothing about the rough breathing of ov, where.

The

shows

12.

The
;

true

name of

the vowel

is !,

not

yjdov.

(Plat.

Cratyl.

it by the later Greeks in order to from the character denoting the rough breathing {daaelu), which, as we have already stated, coincided with one of the later forms of i' (see above, 11). It cannot be satisfactorily proved that the early Greeks ever gave it the sound of /i.

23 Athen. 10, 79.) aspirate, was subjoined to

it

The

epithet ipiXov, smooth^ not

distinguish

O, Jl.
13. In the old Greek alphabet, the character represents the vowels o, w, or the diphthong ov. In the new Attic alphabet, it represents o or ov. The diphthong ov however is often represented in the usual way (Of) even in inscriptions cut before the archonship of Euclides, especially in the words ovTog, ov, ovx. During the Alexandrian period this diphthong was generally represented by OT. E. g. anocpaivovTov, anodovai
diax^Qt^oaiv,

oniododo^o

HexauTO, sxaaioi kxaaiov, ovx or ox, ovde, lovxov ovx, ovde, tovkxiv Iho, to, IIiSQov toj, HexaTovntdoi, %oi dffj.01 'MxajofinidM,
;

anodovvai (76) (76) hxdaiM (160; 76) Uqwv (160 158, B)(160) tw (140; 76)
anoq)aiv6vT0)v,
diuxEiQi^ovaiv, oTiioS^odofiov
di^fxa)

14. In the new Attic alphabet, comparatively later character SI.

A&rjvocloiv,

long is represented by the E. g. twv noXewv, idiojTrjg,

(158, A.)
JIT,
is

15.

The diphthong
Jl,

the introduction of

method, that

is, by or. GMOivoi, for TM ^OXvunio),

even in inscriptions cut long after sometimes represented after the old E. g. tou oXwmoit roi da^ioi, (Swfioi, Jbi dduo), Smum, ^waLvon, (99; 1565;

185; 837.)
16.

The
w

true
fjLiya.

o nixQov,

names of these two vowels are ov and w, not (Plat. Cratyl. 23 Athen. 10, 79). The epi;

thets fiixQov, small, and (Af'ya, large, were introduced in later times, and had reference to the comparative size of these

27

314
vowels
cj.
;

APPENDIX

II.

We
it

cause

they simply imply that the character o is smaller than cannot suppose that was called funQov merely bewas often made smaller than the other letters in the

round letters {o, Jl, O) were not unfrequently made smaller than the rest (see Boeckh. 99; 102). Further, if we suppose that O was called f^ucgov because it was smaller than the other letters, then we must admit that Jl was called fisya because it was larger than the rest; which is not a fact.
inscription (as 1102), for all the
17. During the most flourishing period of the language, both vowels of the diphthong OT were most probably distinctly heard. The Boeotians however sounded or like a simple vowel, most probably like oo in moon (long), book (short). On this subject, Eustathius (ad II. 1, 10) remarks, ^' voaog, vovaog TKXTU Toiig *'l(ovag, fzi]}ivvofisvovg to O tJ] TTQoaXrjtpEi roii T, ovniQ avdnaXiv ol Boifaiol noiovGi, y.ttxa ttjv "HQUnludov naQadoaiv, TiQoaTi&ivTfg amol tw T di^QOVM to fiiKQov 0, xctl ^Qcex^vofitvov

same

^QaxvvovTig, firjKvro^tvov ds iJ,T}xvvovTfg, to vkt] ovki] xat to vd(a(j ovdojQ'^^ words which imply that, in the Boeotic dialect, OT was not a diphthong in the strictest
(j,sv,

cptjoi,

liyovTsg,

Thus, in ovdmQ, aovv, agyovQiov, it was sense of the term. After the Alexandrian period, in ovlrj, doovUa, long. short the Boeotic sound of this diphthong became general. have already observed that in the time of Dionysius (about It is observed A. D. 1) it was pronounced like French ou. further that the Romans represented OT by U; as, Oovyvdldrjg, Thucydides ; Ognav^ovlog, Thrasybulus. On the other hand, by or, as Yovthe Greeks usually represented the Roman Further, the Greeks of the Roman period repliog, Julius. E. g. either by OT, or B. resented the Latin
;

We

Ov^Qog or

B^gog

Verus (1318

Valerius (192; 2055, b) OvalsQiog or BaXsQiog Flavius, Flavia (3695, e ; 2944, b) aiXtxoviog, (Pla^ux

191)

AT, OT, SIT

18. In
a,

are represented by

some of the Boeotic inscriptions, the diphthongs AE, OE. Thus aEa^Qovdau (1599),

at,

for

Alax9f*)vdag,

JEschrondas ; nXavxas (1647), for nlavxf^^ from nlavxagt Plauchas ; Aiovvaos (1599), for JiovvaM, from JiovvIt is clear therefore that the early Greeks oog, Dionysos. The Romans repsometimes used AE, OE, for ai, a, oi, w. resented the Greek diphthongs AT, OT, JIT, by ae, oe ; as Aloxvxu^wdugj comcddus ; t^/w<5oV, Ohrj, (Eta ; Xog, j(Eschylus ;

REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.

trag(Edus.
w(5j,

315

The
;

diphthong SIT
^aipcadla,

ode or oda

is represented also by rhapsodia.

as

F,

T.

is the 19. It has already been stated that the prototype of Oriental ), and that it was called Jlyaixfxn merely on account It has also been remarked that T is its corresof its form. observe here that in ponding vowel. (Rem. 1 3.) the Heraclean tables, and in one of the Cretan inscriptions (Boeckh. 3050), the form of the digamma is C, which has This often been mistaken for one of the later forms of character is the prototype of the numeral $-, which is sometimes mistaken for the abbreviation g for at thus, instead of the absurd combinations ai, 5", /?, xs", we sometimes meet with
:

We

tax, xoT.

20.

With

fication of

Vau.

respect to the character T, it is evidently a modione of the forms of the PhcEnician (or old Hebrew) (See Gesenius's Hebrew Grammar.)
;

called and it was simply 21. Originally T had no name Athen. 10, 79). After the diswritten r. (Plat. Cratyl. 23 appearance of its prototype p, it was in certain words substituted in its place; thus, the old words a para, efadsv, xa pp|at? were in later times written avuTU, evadev, xavd^aig. When it was used as a vowel, the epithet ipdov, smooth, was appended to it by the later Greeks. (Compare s ipdov-)
;

before a vowel was repre22. The Latin combination sented either by tv or b/S as Severus, 2'vi]Qog or ^'sjSrJQog, This shows that, when the Attic dialect (2154, b; 2181.) was dying, sv was pronounced like f/9, or like the Roman ev.
*

EV

O,

0, X.

imitation
for dtog,

not absurd to suppose that the early Greeks, in of the Phcenicians, represented the rough mutes Thus they wrote TE02:, nEPO, KEP, i^y (p,x) by T, n, K.
23. It
is

(pigm, x^^Q-

^^

this

however there

is

no

positive

proof.

24. The next step was to represent these rough sounds by the combinations TH, nil, KH. This is not a mere hypothesis, for in a very ancient inscription we find sxIlHavioi, afisv-

JIHsa, ygoIlHovj
the Greek ^,
x-

J"^o(pwv, insvxofisvog.
<jp,

snsvKIIofievoa, for our Compare the Latin

^ExcpdvTM,
et seq.

d[j,Ff4(peg,

TH, PH, CH,

;

for

(See

also Priscian. p.

542

Boeckh

316

.TSii^lf*

APPENDIX

II.

on the 3d Inscript.) After the introduction of 0, combinations were dispensed with.

<P,

X, these

25. The prototype of e is evidently the Oriental tOIt is not absurd to suppose that the Phoenician sound of this letter was something like tic, and that the Greeks for a long lime considered it a superfluous letter, because they could not distinguish it from T. 26.
cpl,

Inscript.

are modifications of //and K. (See Rose's Grgec. p. xiv.) As to the names of these letters, x'h the former was suggested by nl, and the latter by ^l

and

{nal, xol).
Z, S,
^f.

corresponds to the Oriental Zain. During the most period of the language it was most probably pronounced like ^z/. (See Dionys. Hal. de Compos. 14 Sext.
27.
flourishing
;

Empir. advers. Gram 1, 5; Villoison. Anecd. vol. II. p. 121.) After the Alexandrian period it was probably pronounced like English z. At any rate, the expression of Dionysius, " ^av~ xjj Tw GTOfiaii daavvstixi," implies that in his time it was not a double consonant, in the strictest sense of the term. We cannot suppose that it was ever pronounced like /jy:, because the Greeks always avoided this combination thus, from adta they formed aacoy fjaa, never u'Cm, ifQa. The Dorians generally employed the combination 2zJ for Z' as, (j,fUadsTcct, for fieXl^sWe observe here, that adverbs in -^ are formed by Tt. annexing -ds to the accusative plural of the primitive; as "A^r'ival^t for 'A&r,vaodE, to Athens, from 'A&ijrocij -tjvag.

28. The prototype of s- is the Oriental '^. At first it was considered a superfluous letter, because the combination T^ was always avoided by the Greeks. In process of time it became the representative of XJS*. There is reason, however, for supposing that in most of the less cultivated dialects it was equivalent to K2:. Thus, the ^Eolians used xa for | as, xasvog for ^ivog (Gregor. Corinth, pp. 613. 661) further, we find diK2ai for 8tlak from de'xofxai (Boeckh. Inscript. 3). Compare uxicpog, axicpi^si, oxicpUxg, for ^I'cpog, ^lopl^ei, ^iq)cag, in Hesychius.
;

29. With respect to the names ^<]t and ^T, the former is evidently a modification of Tatxdi], and the latter of ^aiv which shows that the early Greeks confounded the names of these

two

letters

and

^rjxa

would have been more correct.

30.

many

In character ^t represented the combination (/jJS'. of the less cultivated dialects, however, it represented

The

REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.

TZ-S".

317

as, niXonc, ^'Agana, for xp (Gregor. Corinth, pp. 613. 616 Villoison. Anecdot. Graec. Vol. II. p. 121 Diomed. p. 417, Putsch.) With respect to the name of this letter, y/t, it was suggested

Thus, the JEolians used na

^'Agrxip.
;

for TIsloip,

by

(pi,

or

TTt.

Compare ^,
pronounced

^l.

31.
their

The

Athenians, during the most flourishing period of

S,
^',

dialect,

like

x^,

r?>^,

respectively.

Further, in Attic inscriptions cut before the archonship of Euclides (B. C. 403), we invariably find X2, ^2, for a, ^' as, TiQoxoevoa, E(paeq>iaTO, for ngo^svog, itprjcpiaiO' Hence the following rules.

Rule
changed

I.

In the Attic dialect, a palatal

into;^.
cp

A
and

labial (n, x,

The
a.

aspirates

(y, y) before a was was changed into (p. of course, underwent no change before
(3)

before a

E. g.
sdox-asv

XovviXsx-aoifisv

doxsa, JOKSl (76) from (145) nagadfx-aaa&ov naQixde^da&mv, from naqadixo^ai (76) yQvn-g, gen. ygvnog (139) aviygacp-aav from (160)
fboK-asv, sdo^v,

from

^vveXsy-aafiev, ^vveXe'^afjEVf

^vXXiyoj

YQVCp-a

ygvip

uviygayjuv,

avaygucpoi

Rule II. In most of the less cultivated dialects, a palatal before a was changed into x, and a labial into n.
I

In process of time, the latter rule became general that is, and were by the later Greeks sounded like xa and na respectively. (Dionys. Hal. de Compos. 14; Sext. Empir. advers. Gram. 1, 5 Villoison. Anecd. Vol. II. p. 121.) Compare such Latinized words as apsis^ rhapsodia, from /;/?,
; iji ;

Qai/j(hdla,

h,
32.

2,

^,

9.

The

original form of a///ua (corresponding to the Ori-

ental Samech)

was

Lj

seen in

This

scriptions

(as the Elean).

It
is

figure slightly

many of the most ancient inCompare the Samaritan Samech. modified became S, the same as the
s,
g,

Latin S.
script 8
;

the prototype of

ilXiy^ivog of Euripides (fragm.

Thes).

and the ^oargvxog See also Boeckh. Ina,

10

&c.

33. The original form of ^aV (corresponding to the Oriental Shin) was 2, the same as the old Hebrew Shin. The Greeks pronounced it like aZ/^ua, most probably because they disliked This figure the sound SH^ peculiar to its prototype ^Am.

318

"

APPENDIX

II.

Its modified became C, seen in some of the later inscriptions. form is C (a modification of c)j seen in some of the latest In the inscriptions, and also in the earliest manuscripts. Septuagint, the sound of the Oriental Shin is represented by ;^ff* thus, QTixg, for rhesh; /aev, for shin.

latest

34. It

is

different letters,

were originally two clear therefore that a and and that the early Greeks confounded the

It is also well known that the alyiiu latter with the former. of the lonians and other tribes was called 2:dv by the Dorians (Herod. 1, 139; Dionys. Hal. de Comp. 14; Athen. 10, 81), from which confusion of names one might infer that the

early lonians used only // aly^a, and the early Dorians only It is hardly necessary to remark here, that in the ^, 2av. new Attic alphabet, al/fia occupies the place of ^aV, and that the characters ^, g, a, in our Greek alphabet, are each called

al/fioc,

35. With respect to the later numeral character '^ found only in manuscripts, and called ^afinl, it is a modification of ^dv (j^), and looks as much like its prototype as g does like F. Its name, Sa^nH, is compounded of ^V and 771, and is as The fanciful as the compound ^jiya^fia, the epithet of Bav. most reasonable hypothesis is, that the character 7>^ was so called by the later Greeks (or, if you please, the Alexandrian Grammarians) merely because it had the appearance of an abbreviation for C (one of the later forms of ^) and 77 that
,

is,

resting

upon

77.

The

supposition, that ^afinl

means

"

the character
cal system

which stood next to nl," is not satisfactory, because '^ was never used as a letter of the alphabet, and consequently never stood next to nil. In the numeri2:dv
*

it stands next to Ji stands between p and T.

as to

its

prototype

2'aV, it

36.

The

letter

Konna (corresponding
like

to the Oriental

was by the Greeks pronounced

Kanna, probably

be-

cause their vocal organs were not well adapted to Oriental sounds. It was chiefly used by the Greeks of Italy and Sicily. It is observed further, that it is usually followed by the vowel o. E. g.
Xv 9 odoQxaa, avga
cp

oaiov
I.

JlvyoSogxag, ^^VQattoolav, (Boeckh.

166; Eckhel. Vol.

p. 170).

By the 37. The Latin is the same as the Greet Konna. ancient Italians it was sounded like (K). The combina-

REMARKS ON THE ALPHABET.

tion

319

QU

is

equivalent to Oriental

p
'

(kw), and has the power

of a single consonant. (Priscian. p. 543.) The later Greeks as Kolviog, for Quintus. represented the Latin qu by xo (2870.)
38.

The

characters

9 and

were used

also

as brands

(yavfiUTa) on horses, which thus branded were respectively called xonnarlai, Koppa-branded, and accfifpoQai (aV, cpigta), San-branded. (Arist. Nub. 23. 438. 112. 298 ; Athen. 11, 30.)

39. In the later numerical system, Konna stands and 2a[nu for 900. (See Greek Grammars.)

for

90,

APPENDIX

III.

REMARKS ON PARTICULAR WORDS.

(Boeckh's Inscriptions.)

aygm, iEolic
the

a/Qs&EVTsg (2166), for part. nQoaygri^fiirm (3524), for the common nQorjQTjfiivov the doubling of ^ is an ^olic peculiarity. The latter form may possibly be pres, pass, from AITHMT, after the analogy of di^tjfisvog from dl^T]fiai. Verbal adjective u/(jsiog, occurring in the

for ouqeoh, aor. pass. part.

common

algs&evreg

perf.

pass.

'

compounds
It is

aviaygsTogf nalLvdygsTog.

formed from APJl, the theme of algica, by inserting y after a, and changing w into io). Compare uyQvnvog, from axQodo(j,ai, from xovw (AKOII); a-, and vnvog {llvnvoa) We cannot suppose that it was daQddnxbj from ddntto. formed from alQscD by changing t into y, because there is no affinity between t and y. As to ^/w, it is formed from 'PArsi, the theme of gtjyrvfii, by dropping y and lengthening

',

the penult.
'AQiaaiaai^g, -aa(o, Ionic for'AgTa^ig^ijg, -ov. (2919.) aqpsjTwAxa/ifv, later, for dnsaTaXxa^sv, implying eaTockxnfisv,

with

the rough breathing. (2852.)

Compare

tuTtixa

from

XaxrjixL

{srAii),
i^aL&ganevo) or e^afXTgansvo), for the common auTganevMy to be a satrap, (2691; 2919.) For the insertion of a alter $

compare Latin maxsumo^ for maxumo, from maxu* (Montfaucon's Antiquity, Vol. II. p. 269.) ilrigydaaxo, for i^sigydaotto, from i^sgyd^ofiai. (456, a.) nsTTugsg, nsuagdxovTa, in the BcEOtic inscriptions (1569), for
(xG, xa),

mus,

jhtagsg, jSTTagdxovta.
noi<a, see noiita in the

Compare

niavgsg.

Catalogue.

SOPHOCLES' AND FELTON'S

SEEIES OF GREEK TEXT BOOKS

H.

HUNTINGTON,
fjartforir,

ISOitlatn 0trea,

Has recently published the following works, introductory to tlie

STUDY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE.

I.

A GREEK GRAMMAR FOR THE USE OF

LEARNERS.
of
^^

By E. A. Sophocles,
Seventh edition,

a. m.,

author

Greek

Lessons.''^

pp. 284.

12mo.

* * *
other,

The parts seem

is I

well suited, in respect to length, to each

spirit of

and there
first

a decided

unity pervading the work.

In the

place,

was

struck with the

the laws of euphony are laid down,

happy manner in which by which so many seeming

anomalies are explained.

anomalies are excellent
;

In the second part, the tables of

perfects,

aorists and second appear in a Grammar, I believe, for the first time. The Syntax, too, is equally happy, and the author's translations of the examples under the rules, are as good as any I have ever seen. On the whole, I know of no elementary Grammar

and those of second

which
T. D.

fulfils the demands which are made by the present state of this science, more completely than that of Mr. Sophocles.

WooLSEY, Professor of Greek

in Yale College.

The merits of Mr. Sophocles' Greek Grammar have come to be well understood; and it is gradually passing into general use in our schools and academies. The clearness and condensation, which are its marked characteristics, will strongly recomit to instructers. Mr. Sophocles is well known as a gentleman of extraordinary attainments in Greek literature, and of a clear and logical mind. The lact of his being a native Greek, added to his familiar acquaintance, from long and laborious

mend

SOPHOCLEs' AND FELTON's

study, with the ancient classics, gives him a great advantage over the authors of most of our grammars; an advantage that

be more highly appreciated, the more the modern Greek is its ancient mother. To such a man, the Greek is far from being a dead language. In his mind, its words excite the living images of country and of home, the sentiments belonging to his nationality, the feelings native to his heart. Many a delicacy of expression, many a refinement of construction, must be perceptible to him, that escapes the notice
will

studied in connection with

of the learned Hellenists of other nations.

And when

he com-

poses a
does
it

grammar

of the ancient language of his country, he

;

not from books alone

but he writes with the conscious-

ness of "inward Hellenism," and with a confidence and clear-

ness that no other can.

The

first

edition of this

number of this Journal. provements upon that

stances of
filling

Grammar was noticed in a former The second edition contains many imadditions
;

some important

some

in-

out the forms more completely than before.

The rules of the Syntax are worded with admirable precision and the examples to illustrate them are taken from the best authors. We have no hesitation in saying, that, for thoroughness and completeness, for lucid order and terseness of expression, this Grammar is unsurpassed by any in the English language and we hope, for the sake of classical learning in the country, that it will come into extensive use. Second notice by Nortli American Review^ Juhj^ 1840.
;

a work of great original research, eminently fraught with and generally arranged with skill. I shall not fail to commend it to the use of my pupils and I do not hesitate to recommend it for general use. I am particularly pleased with the copiousness and pertinence of its examples^ and its very
It is

learning,

full

enumeration of exceptions.

Mr. Sophocles' manner of preis

senting the second aorist and the second future,

isfactory to

far

more

sat-

me

than the usual way.

;

The Syntajr

is

at once

and the whole work is constructed on happy medium which makes it an invaluable book of reference for the advanced scholar, and, at the same time, a simple and easy introduction for the beginner. W. S. Tyler, Professor of Greek in Amherst College.
simple and philosophical
that

GREEK TEXT BOOKS.

I have examined, with some attention, the grammar prepared by Mr. Sophocles. It appears to be a work of great care and research. The author has spared no pains to make the work perfect, and if he has not reached entirely the point at which he aimed, he has succeeded in supplying us with a work better adapted to the wants of the community than any of its predecessors. With the laws of euphony, and the tables of anomalies, and of the second perfect and second aorist, I am well pleased. The Syntax is full, simple, and well arranged. I consider the chapter on versification, though brief, valuable. I have no hesitation in recommending it to general use. Asa Drury, Professor of Greek in Waterville College.

The editor has generally referred, in his notes, to the Greek Grammar of Mr. Sophocles, because he is satisfied that it is the Grammar best adapted to the wants of American classical schools. The clearness and precision of the rules, the excelexamwork at the head of the numerous elementary Grammars of the Greek language, that are at present used in the United States. Mr. Sophocles has that accurate knowledge of all the niceties of the Greek language, which can hardly be expected of any other than a native Greek and without disparagement to the valuable labors of other able scholars in this department, the preference is justly to be awarded to him. Extract from Professor Felton's preface to the Greek Reader.
lence of the arrangement, and the felicitous selection of
ples, place that
;

Sophocles' Greek Grammar. A second edition of this in a beautiful style of typography, has appeared from the University Press at Cambridge, Mass. We have already called the attention of teachers and students to the work. Its value has become widely known, and it has been adopted as a text book at Yale and Harvard, and in many of our best classical schools. Philadelphia North American.

Grammar,

have no hesitation
to the notice
its

in

recommending Sophocles' Greek

Indeed, the fact
its

Grammar
first

of classical teachers.

of its having reached

publication,
is

third edition in so short a time from

its

a proof that
D. D.,

merits are already apprecia-

ted.

S. ToTTEN,

President of Washington College.

4
II.

Sophocles' and felton's

GREEK LESSONS,
Grammar.

adapted to the author's Greek

By E. A. Sophocles, a. m., author of a " Greek Grammar^^ ** Greek Exercises, with a KeyJ^ \Smo. pp, IIG. This work is designed by the author to take tlie place of
the First Lessons in Greek, by the same author.

For the use of beginners.

This
It

is

a useful work for beginners in the Greek Grammar.

contains a series of well selected sentences to illustrate the

of the words used.

is

grammatical forms, followed by brief notes, and a vocabulary The arrangement is judicious, and the book

North American Review, April,

marked by the author's usual

precision, terseness

and

skill.

1843.

m. A GREEK READER FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS containing selections in Prose and Po:

etry, with

English notes and a Lexicon

adapted par-

Greek Grammar of E. A. Sophocles, A. M., by C. C. Felton, a. m., Eliot Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard University. pp. 422. 12mo. 2d edition. Stereotyped.
ticularly to the

The

text of the

second edition of the Greek Reader has

been revised, and broken into shorter paragraphs.

No

al-

teration has been made, except to change the arrangement

so far as to bring the extract from Herodotus directly before that from

Homer

and nothing has been added except

a selection of one page from the

Greek epigrams.

The
far as

notes have been corrected and enlarged, and the deficiencies of the

Lexicon have been carefully supplied, so known, both with regard to the words and definitions.

Greek scholars

This work, from the hands of one of the most distinguished in the United States, has just issued from the press. The publisher had already, within a year or two, offered to the public two of the very best elementary books on the Greek

'i

GREEK TEXT BOOKS.

language which have ever appeared, either in this or in anyother country. We allude to the Greek Grammar, and First Lessons in Greek, by E. A. Sophocles. In publishing the present work, he has rendered the cause of Greek learning another very essential service. It is such a work as might have been expected from a gentleman of the taste and scholarship which distinguish Professor Felton containing some of the choicest The selections from the choicest portions of Greek literature. fables of ^sop will interest the young learner by their pointed wit the dialogues of Lucian, by their satire and humor the selections from Xenophon will engage his attention by the simplicity and elegance of their style; Herodotus and Thucydides will afford him a refreshing draught at the very fountain of the odes of Anacreon will amuse him by historical knowledge while the extracts from Euripides their light and playful fancy and Aristophanes will serve to give him a taste of the Grecian drama, and awaken a desire for a more perfect acquaintance
; ; ; ; ;

with

its

peculiar character.

The

extracts from the different authors are neither so long, on

the one hand, as to

thing, nor,

weary

the learner with too

on the other, so short as

rying from author to author,

same by hurwithout giving him more than a

of the
to fail of interesting,

much

glimpse of any one in particular. Professor Felton has not hashed up ^sop, and Lucian, and Herodotus, and Xenophon, and Anacreon, and presented them to the student in the form of mince meat but he has given enough of each author to initiate the learner into his peculiar manner and style. Not only so, but he presents him with something from each of the different departments of Greek literature fable, history, dialogue, oratory, and poetry in its different forms of the ode, the epic, and the drama. The notes to each author are prefaced with a brief account of his life, so much of it as it becomes the student to be acquainted with before commencing the study of his works; and instead of being written in the Latin tongue, as such notes used to be, they are, together with the Lexicon, written in good plain
English.

On the whole, the work cannot fail of being pronounced, by good judges, an admirable introduction to the study of the Greek writers, adapted to an admirable Greek Grammar, and in Jhe
1*

SOPHOCLEs' AND FELTOn's

it cannot fail to contribute admirable scholars in that most perfect of all

hands of apt teachers and learners,

to the formation of

the infinitely diversified

Greek.

Congregationalist.

modes of human speech

the

Ancient

these remarks,

The work which lies before us, and which has called Ibrth is a new selection of extracts from the most cele-

brated Greek writers, by Professor Felton, entirely different, as

regards the passages selected, from any heretofore known on

this side the Atlantic,

in its plan,

and varying somewhat, although from those in general use.

premise that the Greek type
face,
is

slightly,

We
legible.

will

excellent,

and

al-

though of rather a small

singularly distinct, clear, and

The

fables selected from .^Esop are the best and most

elegant of his beautiful collection

editor has inserted too

many.

nor do we at all think the With regard to his next author^

;

Lucian,
yet he

we cannot go

larity with the

is

quite so far ; notwithstanding his popuyoung, and the general accuracy of his style,

not a favorite of ours, nor ever has been.

With Professor Felton's extracts from Xenophon, that purest and most entertaining of all ancient writers, we are delighted. He has done well in not limiting his selections to the Cyropsedia, the least able and least interesting of all his works and he has done well in giving place to the beautiful episode of Abradates and Panthea, instead of the usually extracted puerilities about the wondrously loquacious childhood of the Persian prince.
;

From the Anabasis,

which, with
all

also, the

very best of the whole,

in

our

esti-

mation, has been culled out, the spirited and graphic second^
the authenticity of the gravest history, blends
fiction,
all

the interest of the wildest

ate situation of the

commencing with the desper-

Greeks after the battle of Cynaxa, and the death of Cyrus, and ending with the characters of the five Greek commanders taken off by the base treachery of Tissaphernes, the portraits of Clearchus, of Menon, being the masterpieces of that age, the models of all later eras, as specimens of
historical portrait painting.

stirring tale of

From the Hellenics, we have the Thrasybulus when he sat " sublime on Phyle's brow," and how he conquered the oppressive thirty. These
three selections give a very complete specimen of
all

the vari-

GREEK TEXT BOOKS.

ous powers and various beauties of this accomplished general and statesman, and philosopher, and author. A portion of the Sicilian expedition has been chosen, and that we think with judgment, from Thucydides. A single long extract from Herodotus, and a part of the superb funeral oration of Lysias, complete the prose selections, which we have no hesitation in pronouncing, as vastly superior to the collection in Jacob's, or any other Greek reader we have seen. In the omission of Plutarch, we agree generally with Mr. Felton. In his preference of the Anabasis and Hellenica to the mere Cyropeedia, we are quite with him. We prefer his passage of Thucydides to those in common use, the Plague and the Speech of Pericles, which are too difficult for any youthful readers and we greatly applaud his admission of a specimen of Greek oratory to this goodly array of sages and historians.
;

It is,

however, in his poetical selections, that Professor Felton

has differed the most widely from former selectors, and done himself most honor in the difference. He has here shown that he
is

not a mere book-worm, a decliner of nouns and conjuga-

tor of verbs, but

man

of taste and fancy, of a spirit thoroughly

imbued with the

spirit of old classic poetry

who,

if

he has

neither " steeped his lips in the fountain of the horse, nor slum-

bered on the twain-topped Parnassus," has, at least, bathed his soul in the rich streams that have flowed thence, and risen from his bath full of high tastes and glorious sentiments, and keen
appreciations of all beauty caught from the godlike contact.

He commences with a selection from the Odyssey Ulysses and Polyphemus a beautiful one, it is true; but why from the Odyssey, Professor Felton? Why not from the great glowing Ilhad, so singularly set aside by all compilers of Greek ReadThen we have some sweet odes of Anacreon and Sapers ? pho's Venus then that most lovely lyric of all ages, the Dana? and Perseus of Simonides, the untranslated, untranslatable, though hundreds have tried their hands at it and then the magnificent war-song of Callistratus, " In a myrtle branch my sword will I bear." After these, we have a long extract from
; ;

the

Hecuba

of Euripides, the noblest, in our estimation, of all

his lyrics, with the

Aulis,

one exception of that in the Iphigenia ai which we wish he could have found room to insert; another from the Orestes of the same author, highly character-

^^-

8
istic

Sophocles' and felton's

of the poet, and of considerable intrinsic value.
notes which follow are chiefly distinguished
to

portion

of the Plutus of Aristophanes follows.

The
life,

preamble

by a brief each extract, giving a slight notice of the writer's character, and style and discussing shortly, but with a
;

master's hand, the characteristic beauties or peculiarities of his

composition and manner. Several of these preambles possess a very high degree of excellence in a literary point of view; are themselves not only very instructive, but full of feeling and
poetry, and evince clearly

how much

the

mind of the

editor

was

with his subject.

Neic York Quarterly Review,

list

of this not

One little volume which finds its way into the article, may perhaps be specially singled
fall into

at the
it

head
does

out, as

the

same
is

class with the rest.

This

is

Felton's

Greek

Reader, which

one of the best and completest school books

we have

ever seen, containing in one short volume a course of

reading, in prose and verse, from

^sop

and Anacreon,

to

Thu-

cydides and Aristophanes.

Like the editions we have just de-

scribed, it is illustrated by notes and historical explanations, and concludes with a Lexicon of all the words, so that the student may use it with no other book but his grammar. It resembles the collection of Professor Dalzell, being at the same time more condensed in form. We recommend it to the consideration of our own school authorities, only counselling them to take advice with Prof Felton himself, and re-print it honestly, if they London Examiner. re-print it at all.

IV.

GREEK EXERCISES AND KEY,

lish

with an Eng-

and Greek Vocabulary, adapted

pp. 195, r2mo.
*'

to Sophocles'

Greek

Grammar,
author of

By E. A. Sophocles, A. M.
*'

Greek Grammar^' and

Stereotyped.
is to

Greek

Lessons.^''

Second

edition.

The

design of the present work

furnish the learner with

a series of exercises adapted

to the rules of the

Author's Greek

Grammar.
fixed in the

Grammatical

rules can be perfectly understood

and

memory

only by means of such exercises.

Mere

GREEK TEXT BOOKS.

translation will never form acconiplished scholars in any language. In order to become well acquainted with the structure of a language, we must practice writing it. This work affords the learner important facilities in his first attempts to write the Greek. It presents him with a series of exercises grammatically

arranged, and a vocabulary, in which he can readily find the words to be employed. A Vocabulary like this, in English and

Greek,
work.

we do

not recollect to have seen annexed to any similar

we observe, contains a Key for the use of instructors, which will doubtless serve greatly to facilitate
part of the edition,

and lighten

their labor.

Connecticut

Coiirant'

New School
Of

Book.

In

another column will be found an

advertisement of the excellent school-books introductory to the study of the Greek language by Messrs. Sophocles and Felton.
these works we have already spoken, excepting the " Greek Exercises" by Mr. Sophocles, which has just been issued from This appears to us to form a very valuable addition the press.
to the

from other books of Latin and Greek Exone important respect, viz., that after a sufficient series of exercises in which the words are given, the pupil is left to select the words, as well as to inflect and arrange them properly. To furnish the means of doing this, an English-Greek vocabulary is subjoined to the exercises and this part of the
list.

It differs

ercises, in at least

volume will be highly valued, as it supplies a want which has long been felt, and as it has been prepared by a scholar who, in
fitness ibr

such a
the "

task,

has no superior in our country.

We

commend

Greek Exercises" Philadelphia North American.

to the notice of instructors.

Extracts from Letters written to the Publisher by Professors Sturges and Butler.

Hanover College, Hanover Indiana, August 9th. Mr. H. Huntington, Dear Sir: Subsequent and more thorough examination of Felton and Sophocles' series of Greek books has only confirmed my opinion of their very great merit. I hope Mr. S. will fulfil his design of enlarging his First Lessons, at least by adding

tion to the

more reading matter, so as to make a more complete introducReader in other respects, it seems excellent. I am
;

not sure but the Exercises, (which has lately fallen into

my
and

hands,)

is

the best of the set,

all

however;

it is

certainly an im-

mense improvement on

preceding works.

The

rules

10

Sophocles' and felton's

in the first part are far superior to

examples

any

to

be met with

elsewhere, and the admirable praxis in Greek composition and

vocabulary are novelties in a work of this kind. Certainly no reason can be assigned why composilion should not be tried in
the Greek language as well as in the Latin, in which
is its utility

works must be ranked with the Latin series of Prof. Andrews, (no mean praise) and will certainly mark an era in Greek study in this country, as those have done in Latin. Yonrs truly,

acknowledged by

all.

In short, these

M.

STURGES,
Louisville. July 10th.

Prof of Languages Hanover College, Indiana.

Mr. Huntington
series of

Prof. Sturges has requested

me

to

give

my

opinion of the
I

Greek books which you have published.

I I

do this with

the greatest pleasure, as

consider these books as forming the

have ever seen, to that noble language. I may be made in the " First Lessons" and the Lexicon is defective. The best evidence of my good opinion is, that I intend to introduce them among my students.
best introduction
think improvements

NOBLE BUTLER,
Prof, of

Languages, Louisville College, Kentucky.

IN PRESS,
And
will be published about the Ist of October, in

one volume, 8vo.

A COMPLETE

GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON,

OF THE POEMS OF

HOMER AND THE HOMERID^..

Composed with constant reference
to the illustration of the domestic, religious, political and military condition of the Heroic age, and containing an explanation of the dillicult passages, and of all mythological and geographical proper names.

From

the

German of

G. CH. CRUSIUS. TRANSLATED AND REVISED

BY HENRY SMITH,
Professor of Greek
in

Marietta College.

<^JREEK

TEXT BOOKS.

11

.
The
the Lexicon of Crusius

following extracts from Letters to Prof. Smith show the estimation in which is held by Prof. VVoolsey of Yale College, Prof. Felton of

Harvard, and Mr. Sophocles.

New Haven,

April 7th, 1841.

Prop. Henry Smith, Dear Sir : You did me yesterday the favor to leave with me, for examination, the Homeric Lexicon of Crusius, and your translation of the same, which you stated to be only the first copy and to need revision As far as time allowed me, I exambefore it should be put to the press.
ined Crusius, selecting such words, as,
difficulty,

owing

to their

importance or their

which he has executed his task. So far as I am able to judge, he has made a good school Lexicon, fitted for practical purposes on the one hand, possessing that brevity which a school Lexicon needs; and on the other, entering into the interpretation
would
test the

manner

in

of all the

difficult

places In the tlomeric poems, and

ars differ in their explanations of a passage, not omitting

when the best scholany explanation

will be useful

which

is at all

tenable.

think, therefore, that

it

and

desirable to bring this Lexicon before the

bookseller

ging sales
I

who should undertake it, in many of our Colleges and

American public, and that the would probably meet with encourahigher schools.

have examined your translation of the preface and of parts of the Lexicon in the letters A and E, and think it fortunate that this task is
undertaken by one

who seems

to

have so good a knowledge of German,

and
this

to

have the power of putting the German into appropriate English.

I

In conclusion,

express the hope that you will go forward and print

object to a
is

work.

If

any should

Lexicon

for a particular

author,

they should recollect that there

no accessible Lexicon from which our

full

young

students can
;

draw

sure and

information about the words in

and the Epic style being as distinct from that of Attic prose, or even of Attic poetry, as the style of Chaucer from that of our time, certainly has some good claim to be treated as a separate dialect. With this Lexicon and the simple text, the student may supersede the use of
commentaries.
In the Odyssey, which

Homer

we now

study in this College,

is

such a Lexicon would be particularly valuable, because there mentary with which the student can provide himself.
I

no com-

am, Dear

Sir, truly

Yours,

THEODORE

D.

WOOLSEY.

12

GREEK TEXT BOOKS.

Cambridge, April 10th, 1841.

Prop. Smith,

Dear

Sir:

have examined your manuscript translation of the Ho-

meric Lexicon by Crusius, wiih as

much

attention as the short time I

have had

it

in

my hands allowed. The original work was an

who were

invaluable

contribution to the resources of classical students

acquainted

logical attainments,

with the German language. Mr. Crusius is distinguished for his philoand particularly for his profound knowledge of the
poetry, as his elaborate edition of the Odyssey, published in

Homeric

1837-39, abundantly manifests.

Your

translation of the

Homeric Lexicon,

am

confident, will be
States..

a
It

most acceptable woi'k

to the classical scholars

of the United

will render very important aid, both to teachers

and pupils,

in the study

of these great poems which have exercised so wonderful an influence upon the minds and hearts of men, and which continue to form the tastes and

warm

the imaginations of the

young

in the present

age as they did in

Athens twenty -five centuries ago. I have compared as many articles as the time permitted, with the original, and I do not hesitate to say, that in my opinion you have been
singularly successful in translating the

German

into felicitous English.

thanks of the literary public for having accomplished so well a most difficult and laborious as well as impor-

You will certainly be

entitled to the

tant undertaking.

deserves.

hope your work will be published in such a form as its high character There is no doubt in my mind that ii will at once take its place among the most useful and distinguished classical works that have With great respect, Yours, appeared in the United States.
I

C. C.

FELTON,

I fully agree with Prof. Felton's opinion of the merits of the Homeric Lexicon of Crusius, and of the importance of the publication of Prof.

Smith's translation

to the

American student of Homer.

E. A.

SOPHOCLES.

H.

HUNTINGTON,

No. 180 Main Street, Hartford,

Has

a general assortment of the most approved editions

of Classical and School Books.

*,
h

K
Vv/

<<^&.

Evangelinus Apostolides Sophocles

Tsangarada, on the slope of Mount Pelion, Thessaly, 1804 17 December 1883, Holworthy Hall, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts

MARTIN KELLOGG
Vernon, Connecticut, 15 March 1828 26 August 1903, Waldeck Sanitarium, San Francisco, California

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